2004

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    <title>2004</title>
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      <text bytes="715" sha1="7xihneoygj9eaa5x5lptvv78xvaadhl" xml:space="preserve">{{Year nav|2004}}

'''2004''' (MMIV) is a [[lowp yeir]] stairtin on [[Fuirsday]] o the [[Gregorian calendar]].

== Events ==

* Facebook wis lowsed bi Mark Zuckerberg.
* The Nintendo DS gemme console wis lowsed.
* 10 kintras jynt the [[European Union|European Union:]] Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonie, Hungary, Latvie, Lithuanie, Maltae, Poland, Slovakie, an Slovenie.
* The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes|Simmer Olympic Gemme]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;s war held in Athens.
* [[George W. Bush]] was made preses o the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]]. 

== See forby ==

*[[:Category:2004 daiths]]
*[[:Category:2004 albums]]
*[[:Category:Muisical groups established in 2004]]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:2004]]

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      <text bytes="10416" sha1="a4jaztxkd0ajqgocyen6bsys6hrjbxh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:MotherwellScotland.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Motherwal toun centre on a Seturday efternuin]]
'''Motherwal''' ({{lang-gd|Tobar na Màthar}}, {{lang-en|Motherwell}}) is a muckle toun an ae-time [[burgh]] o [[North Lanrikshire]], [[Scotland]], sooth-east o [[Glesga]]. The toun wis a [[burgh]] frae 1865 till it gaed thegither wi [[Wishae]] in 1920.

Motherwal wis weel-kennt as a steel-producin toun in the mid-20th century an wis hame ti the [[Ravenscraig steelyaird]], wan o the lairgest steelyairds in the [[Unitit Kinrick]] at that time. Deed, the closin o the Ravenscraig wis hoyd as the end o the steel producin industry in Scotland. Nouadays, maist fowk are employit in offices and call centres funnd in the toun an yonder aboots efter several years o gowstie unemployment.

Forby, Motherwal is hame ti the heidquarter o baith [[North Lanrikshire Cooncil]] an Polis Scotland Lanrikshire Divijin.

== History ==

A [[Roman Empire|Roman]] road&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=S. N.|title=The Roman Occupation Of South Western Scotland Being Reports Of Excavations And Surveys Carried Out Under The Auspices Of The Glasgow Archaeological Society By John Clarke, J. M. Davidson, Anne S. Robertson, J. K. St. Joseph,  Edited For The Society With An Historical Survey By S. N. Miller|date=1952|publisher=Robert Maclehose &amp; Company Limited|location=Glasgow|page=78|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.227248/2015.227248.The-Roman#page/n101/mode/2up/search/motherwell|accessdate=11 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; throu central Scotland ran alang Motherwal’s side o the [[River Clyde]], crossin the [[Sooth Calder Water]] near [[Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort|Bothwellhaugh]]. At this crossin a fort an bath hoose war erectit, but the [[Scotland in the Roman Empire|Roman presence in Scotland]] did nae last muckle later nor this. Motherwal's name reportitly comes frae a wall, the Leddy Wall,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Motherwell, Lady Well|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/45652/motherwell-lady-well|website=Canmore|publisher=Historic Environment Scotland|accessdate=15 January 2018|archive-date=2018-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081319/https://canmore.org.uk/site/45652/motherwell-lady-well|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; umwhile dedicatit tae the Virgin Mary.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Meek|first1=William|last2=Buchan|first2=William|title=The new statistical account of Scotland.|date=1845|publisher=William Blackwood and Sons|location=Edinburgh and London|page=269|edition=Vol 6|url=https://archive.org/stream/b21365805_0006#page/n285/mode/2up/search/motherwell|accessdate=3 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [http://goo.gl/maps/Qe6wh steid o this wall] is nou merkit bi a plaque on Ladywell Road.&lt;ref name=&quot;History of Motherwell&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://undiscoveredscotland.com/motherwell/motherwell/|title=History of Motherwell}}&lt;/ref&gt; The name &quot;Moderwelt&quot; appears on a [http://maps.nls.uk/counties/view/?id=297 cairt o Lanrikshire]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} made bi [[Timothy Pont]] some time atween 1583 an 1611 an prentit in the [[Netherlands]] in aroond 1652.
[[File:Blaeu - Atlas of Scotland 1654 - GLOTTIANA PRÆFECTVRA INFERIOR - Cleland.png|thumb|right|[[Joan Blaeu|Blaeu]]'s cairt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Blaeu|first1=Joan|url=http://maps.nls.uk/geo/find/#zoom=15&amp;lat=55.8640&amp;lon=-3.9798&amp;layers=17&amp;b=1&amp;point=55.8635,-3.9820|title=Glottiana Praefectura Inferior|website=National Library of Scotland|accessdate=30 December 2017|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924044258/https://maps.nls.uk/geo/find/#zoom=15&amp;lat=55.8640&amp;lon=-3.9798&amp;layers=17&amp;b=1&amp;point=55.8635,-3.9820|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; based on [[Timothy Pont|Pont's]] oreeginal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Glasgow and the county of Lanark - Pont 34|url=http://maps.nls.uk/rec/297|website=Maps of Scotland|publisher=Timothy Pont (16th century)|accessdate=31 December 2017|archive-date=2022-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704143909/https://maps.nls.uk/rec/297|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Glesga an the coonty o Lanrik&quot; map c.1596 depictin Moderwelt east o Hamelton, sooth o Clydsid an north o Dalzel Castle.]]
By the stairt o the 19t century Motherwal wis a smaw hamlet, a fermin commonty o some 600 fowk leevin adjacently tae the 16t century laird’s manor, [[Jerviston]] hoose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Timeline of Motherwell&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.visitoruk.com/motherwell/19th-century-T2450.html|title=Timeline of Motherwell|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-date=2019-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224030246/http://www.visitoruk.com/motherwell/19th-century-T2450.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The hamlet remeened reasonably smaw, reachin 1,700 fowk bi 1841, an centred on the crossroads atween the main road follaein the Clyde, an the road connectin [[Edinburgh]] wi [[Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire|Hamiltoun]] an the wast.

Motherwal’s fortunes chynged dramatically in the seicont hauf o the 19t century. Wi the comin o the railwey in 1848, cam industrie an money. By 1881 [[David Colville &amp; Sons|David Colville]] haed appent baith an airn an steel wirks; Motherwal haed a new pipit watter supply; haed been grantit burgh status an haed its population swalled tae 13,800 fowk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Timeline of Motherwell&quot;/&gt;

Bi the end o the 19t century Motherwal Toun Haw an [[Dalziel High School]] haed been biggit, the [[Motherwell F.C.|local fitbaw club]] haed been foondit, an its stadium, [[Fir Park]], haed been constructit.

At the stairt o the 20t century Motherwal stuid a lairge an growin industrial centre, a toun o 37,000 fowk an a wide variety o hivy industries sic as muneetions, trams an brig components. Bi the 1930s maist o Scotland’s steel production wis in Motherwal, an awned bi the Colville faimily. In 1959 the Colville faimily war perswadit bi the govrenment tae begin wirk o a vast new steel wirks, that wad acome [[Ravenscraig steelwirks|Ravenscraig]]. Within a few years, Ravenscraig wis producin mair nor a million tonnes o steel per year. Follaein naitionalisation o the steel industrie, production at the plant was raised, wi the Motherwal blast furnaces producin 3 million tonnes ilk year.&lt;ref name=&quot;History of Motherwell&quot;/&gt;

Bi the middle o the 1970s, Motherwal’s steel industrie employed mair nor 13,000 fowk.

The 1980s brocht a catastrophic collapse in the industrie o Motherwal. The steel strick o 1980 lost [[British Steel Corporation]] important contracts an mercats, follaed bi the closur o important local customers sic as the [[Linwood, Renfrewshire|Linwood]] caur factory an [[Bathkit]] larrie factory, Ravenscraig employed anerly 3,200 fowk bi the end o the 1980s.&lt;ref name=&quot;History of Motherwell&quot;/&gt;

== Shoppin ==
Motherwal toun centre uised tae hae a lairge nummer o shaps an restaurants houaniver, in recent times, mony o these shaps hae haed to close acause o a swith dwynin economy. This coud be made waur bi the openin o a new toun centre in the redevelopit [[Ravenscraig (toun)|Ravenscraig]] town centre.

== Transport ==

=== Railweys ===

[[File:MotherwellRailwayStation.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Motherwal railwey station]]
The're twa railwey stations in Motherwal. The main station is in the toun centre (simply cryed Motherwal) an the're a wee-er ane aff Airble Road cryed Airbles. Trains frae the main station gang tae [[Dalmuir]] via Glesga, [[Milngavie]], [[Lanrik]] an is on the Wast Coast Mainline frae Glesga tae [[Lunnon]]. The Airbles Station anerly rins services tae Dalmuir via [[Hamiltoun]].

=== Roads ===
Motherwal is gey eith tae git tae acause it is right aside the [[M74 motorwey]]. This road rins aw the wey frae [[Glesga]] tae [[Cumbria]] whaur it is cryed the [[M6 motorwey|M6]]. Motherwal is anerly a five meenit drive frae the [[M8 motorwey]] that gangs atween [[Glesga]] an [[Edinburgh]].

=== Buses ===
The're a nummer o different bus operators that rin services throu Motherwal, includin First, McKindless an Coakley. Routes rin tae mony touns includin:

* [[Wishae]]
* [[Hamiltoun]]
* [[Bellshill]]
* [[East Kilbride]]
* [[Coatbrig]]
* [[Airdrie]]
* [[Glesga]]
* [[Lanrik]]

== Eddication ==
=== Primary Schuils ===
The're ten primry schuils funnd in Motherwal:

* Cawder Primary Schuil
* Cathedral Primary Schuil
* Fir Pairk Primary Schuil
* Glencairn Primary Schuil
* Knowetop Primary Schuil
* Ladywell Primary Schuil
* Logans Primary Schuil
* Muirhoose Primary Schuil
* Muir Street Primary Schuil
* St. Bernadette's Primary Schuil
* St. Brendan's Primary Schuil

=== Saicondar Schuils ===
The're three main saicondar schuils in Motherwal:

* Braidhurst Heich Schuil
* Diȝell Heich Schuil
* Oor Lady's Heich Schuil

Braidhurst High is in the Forgewood aurie o toun and maist o the scholarts at the schuil are frae the north o Motherwal wi feeder schuils funnd in that pairt o the toun. Braidhurst wis recently impruiven wi the auld pink an yallochie bein replacit wi new black-avised gless panels. The schuil has aboot 1,000 scholarts.

Dalziel High is locatit inby [[Strathclyde Pairk]] wi scholarts bein drawn frae the sooth an east o the toun. The schuil aboot 1,000 scholarts an aw.

Oor Lady's High is the anely [[Roman Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]] schuil in Motherwal. It is funnd in the Muirhoose aurie o toun inby Fir Pairk fitbaa staium. Ance on a day, it was the lairgest schuil in Scotland but it nou has anely aboot 700 scholarts.

=== Forder Eddication ===
The're a forder eddication college in Motherwal. This is cryed Motherwal College an it uised tae be neist Oor Lady's High, houaniver it wis flittit tae Ravenscraig in 2009.

== Sport ==
=== Fitbaa ===
Motherwal is hame tae the perfaissional fitbaa team, [[Mitherwall F.C.|Motherwal Fitbaa Club]] wha spiel thair hame gemmes at [[Fir Pairk]], juist ootside the toun centre. Its alsae supportet by yin Wullie McMuzlek, wha is a dobber. Unsonsily, acause o the &quot;Auld Firm&quot; o [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] an [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], maist fowk frae Motherwal dinnae support thair hame side. This means that the team kelter tae mak sae hantle nor thair rivals frae Glesga. The're mony youth teams an aw, that tak oan wee louns an queans an teach them the gemme.
{{Commonscat|Motherwell}}
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[[Category:Motherwal| ]]
[[Category:Touns in North Lanrikshire]]
[[Category:Post touns in the ML postcode aurie]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
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The [[Debian]] project an Nathanael Nerode haes raised objection.[http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statement.xhtml] Debian developers eventually voted tae consider works licensed unner the GFDL tae comply wi thair [[Debian Free Software Guidelines]] providit the invariant section clauses are nae uised.[http://www.debian.org/vote/2006/vote_001] Thir critics recommend the use of alternate licenses sic as the [[share-alike]] [[Creative Commons licenses]] or even the GNU GPL. Thay consider the GFDL a non-free license. The reasons for this are that the GFDL allows &quot;invariant&quot; text which canna be modified or removed, an that its prohibition against [[digital rights management]] (DRM) seestems applies tae valid usages, lik for &quot;private copies made and not distributed&quot;.[http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031009105046/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |date=2003-10-09 }}

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A criticism of this leid is that it is too broad, acause it applies tae private copies made but nae distributed. This means that a licensee is nae allowed tae save document copies &quot;made&quot; in a proprietary file format or uisin encryption.

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At the Juin 22nt an 23rd internaitional GPLv3 conference in Barcelona, Moglen hinted that a future version o the GPL coud be made suitable for documentation:[http://fsfeurope.org/projects/gplv3/barcelona-moglen-transcript#lgpl]
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* [[wikivoyage:Wikivoyage:Why Wikivoyage isn't GFDL|Why Wikivoyage isna GFDL]]: Problems wi uisin the GFDL for short printed texts
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gnu Free Documentation License}}
[[Category:GNU Project]]
[[Category:Free content licenses]]
[[Category:Saftware documentation]]
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[[File:Black Male Human Penis (Erect).jpg|thumb]]
The '''Scots fowk''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Albannaich''), or '''Scots''', is a [[naition]] an [[ethnic group]] native til [[Scotland]]. Historically thay came frae a mellin o the [[Pechts]] an [[Gaels]], incorporatin neebourin [[Breetons (historical)|Brítons]] tae the sooth as weel as invadin [[Germanic fowk]]s siclike the [[Anglo-Saxons]] an the [[Norsemen|Norse]].

In modren uiss, &quot;Scots fowk&quot; or &quot;Scots&quot; is uised fir tae refer tae onybody that's origins is frae within Scotland. The [[Laitin leid|Laitin]] wird ''Scotti''&lt;ref&gt;Bede uised a Laitin form o the wird Scots as the name o the [[Gaels]] o [[Dál Riata]]. {{cite book |last=Roger Collins |first=Judith McClure |author2=Beda el Venerable, Bede |title=The Ecclesiastical History of the English People: The Greater Chronicle ; Bede's Letter to Egbert |url=https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalhi00bede_1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalhi00bede_1/page/386 386] |ISBN=}}&lt;/ref&gt; oreeginally applee'd tae a parteecular, 5t century, [[Gaels|Gaelic]] tribe that inhabitit Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Anthony Richard (TRN) Birley |first=Cornelius Tacitus |author2=Cayo Cornelio Tácito |title=Agricola and Germany |year=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/agricolagermany00taci |publisher=Oxford University Press |ISBN=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tho fir ordinar considert [[Airchaism|airchaic]] or [[pejorative]] whan applied tae fowk,&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Scotch Scotch | Define Scotch at Dictionary.com]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotch_Off&quot;&gt;[http://www.bartleby.com/61/8/S0160800.html The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language] Scotch usage note, [http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/scotch.html Encarta Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420062343/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/scotch.html |date=20 April 2006 }} usage note.&lt;/ref&gt; the term '''Scotch''' haes been uised fir the Scots fowk an aw, but this uise is nou, tae the maist pairt, bi fowk ootwi Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.answers.com/topic/scotch-1 &quot;Scotch is still in occasional contemporary use outwith Scotland&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[John Kenneth Galbraith]] in his book ''The Scotch'' (Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents how the descendants of 19th century pioneers from Scotland who settled in Southwestern Ontario affectionately referred to themselves as '''Scotch'''. He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the Scotch-Canadian community in the early decades of the 20th century.&lt;/ref&gt; The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Oxford Dictionar]]'' describes ''Scotch'' as an auld-farrant term fur &quot;Scottish&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED_Scotch&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/scotch?view=uk |title=Definition of scotch |publisher=Askoxford.com |date=27 September 2012 |accessdate=3 October 2012 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929231644/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/scotch?view=uk |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ethnic groups o Scotland ==
In the earlie [[Middle Ages]], the [[Kinrick o Scotland]] saw loads o ethnic or cultural groups, includin the [[Pechts]], the [[Gaels]], the Brítons, an the [[Angles]], wi the latter settlin in the sootheast o the kintra. Cultural-like, thae fowk ur groupit bi leid. Maist o Scotland till the 13t-centurie spak [[Celtic leids]] an thae included, at least tae stairt wi, the Britons, as weel as the Gaels an the Pechts.&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, &quot;The Language of the Picts&quot;, discussed by Forsyth, ''Language in Pictland''.&lt;/ref&gt; Germanic fowk included the Angles o [[Northumbrie]], that bided in sooth-east Scotland in the airt atween the [[Firth o Forth]] tae the north an the [[Watter o Tweid]] tae the sooth. Thay occupied the sooth-wast o Scotland an aw, up tae an the plain o [[Kyle, Ayrshire|Kyle]] an thair leid, [[Auld Inglis]], wis the earliest form o the leid that eventual-like became kent as [[Scots leid|Scots]].

Uiss o the [[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic leid]] spreid oothrou near the hail o Scotland bi the 9th-centurie,&lt;ref name=&quot;bord-na-gaidhlig1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Clancy|first=Thomas Owen|author-link=Thomas Owen Clancy|url=http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html|title=Gaelic Scotland: a brief history|publisher=bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk|date=13 July 2006|accessdate=21 September 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911232223/http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html|archivedate=11 September 2007}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-09-22 |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911232223/http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt; raxin a peak in the 11t tae 13t centuries, but wis niver the leid o the sooth-east o the kintra.&lt;ref name=&quot;bord-na-gaidhlig1&quot; /&gt;  [[Edgar, King o Scotland|King Edgar]] divided the [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]] atween Scotland an [[Kinrick o Ingland|Ingland]]; at least, maist medieval historians nou accept the 'gift' bi Edgar, in ony case, efter the [[Battle o Carham]] the Scots kinrick encompassed many Inglis fowk, wi even mair mibbie arrivin efter the Norman invasion o Ingland in 1066. Sooth-east o the Firth o Forth, then in [[Lowden]] an the borders (oe: loðene), a northren variety o Auld Inglis, kent as [[Early Scots|earlie Scots]], wis spak.

As a result o this, the King o Scots returned fae exile in Ingland in 1113, tae assume the throne in 1124 at the hinder end, wi the help o the [[Normans|Norman]] military force, [[David I, King o Scots|King David]] invitit Norman faimilies fae Fraunce an Ingland tae settle in lands he grantit thaim tae spread a rulin class lyal tae hissel. This Davidian Revolution, as loads o historians caw it, brocht a European pure class o [[feudalism]] til Scotland alang wi an influx o fowk o Norman descent – bi invítation, no like Ingland whaur it wis bi conquest. Tae this day, loads o the common fowk names o Scotland can trace ancestry tae Normans fae this period, sic as the Stewarts, the Bruces, the Hamiltons, the Wallaces, the Melvilles, some Browns an loads o ithers.

The [[Northren Isles]] an some bits o [[Caithness]] wis [[Norn leid|Norn]]-speakin (the wast o Caithness wis Gaelic-speakin till the 20t-centurie, as war some wee communities in bits o the mids [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]]). Fae 1200 tae 1500 the earlie Scots leid spreid aw ower the Lawland airts o Scotland atween Galloway an the Hieland line, bein used bi [[John Barbour|Barbour]] in his historical epic [[the Brus|the ''Brus'']] in the late 14t-centurie in [[Aiberdeen]].

Fae 1500 onward, Scotland wis commonly divided bi leid intae twa groups o fowk, Gaelic-speakin &quot;Hielanders&quot; (the leid formerly cried ''Scottis'' bi Inglis speakers an kent bi mony Lawlanders in the 18t-century as [[Erse leid|Erse]]) an the Inglis-speakin &quot;Lowlanders&quot; (a leid efter tae be cried Scots). The day, immigrants hae broucht ower ither leids, but awmaist ilka adult oothrou Scotland is fluent in the Inglis leid.

== Etymology  ==
Oríginally, the Romans uised ''Scotia'' tae refer tae the Gaels bidin in Ireland. The Venerable [[Bede]] (c. 672 or 673 – 27 Mey, 735) uises the wird ''Scottorum'' fur the nation fae Ireland that settlt pairt o the Pictish lands: &quot;''Scottorum nationem in pictorum parte recipit.''&quot; We can infer this tae mean the arrival o the fowk, kent forby as the Gaels, in the kinrick o [[Dál Riata]], in the wastren lip o Scotland. It's tae note that Bede uised the wird ''natio'' (nation) fur tae refer tae the Scots, whaur he aften refers tae ither fowk, sic as the Picts, wi the wird ''gens'' (race).&lt;ref name=&quot;Harris 72&quot;&gt;{{Cite book
  |last=Harris
  |first=Stephen J.
  |title=Race and Ethnicity in Anglo-Saxon Literature
  |url=https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityang00harr
  |url-access=limited
  |publisher=Routledge (UK)
  |date=1 October 2003
  |page=[https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityang00harr/page/n84 72]
  |id=ISBN}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 10t-centurie ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', the wird Scot is mentioned as a reference tae the &quot;land o the Gaels&quot;. The wird 'Scottorum' wis uised again bi an Erse king in 1005: ''Imperator scottorum'' wis the title gien tae [[Brian Boru|Brian Bóruma]] bi his notary, Mael Suthain, in the Book o Armagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoodyCróinín2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Moody|first1=Theodore William|authorlink1=Theodore William Moody|last2=Martin|first2=Francis X.|authorlink2=F. X. Martin|last3=Byrne|first3=F. J.|authorlink3=Francis John Byrne|editor=[[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín|Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí]]|title=A New History of Ireland|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2rwRDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA862|accessdate=12 July 2016|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-821737-4|page=862|chapter=XXV Ireland and her neighbours, c.1014-c.1072}}&lt;/ref&gt; This style wis subsequently copied bi the Scots kings. ''Basileus scottorum'' appears on the Great Seal o [[Edgar, King o Scotland|King Edgar]] (1074–1107).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
  |last=Freer
  |first=Allan
  |title=The North British Review
  |publisher=Edmonston &amp; Douglas
  |year=1871
  |page=119
  }}
 and {{Cite book
  |last=Robertson
  |first=Eben William
  |title=Scotland Under Her Early Kings: a history of the kingdom to the close of the thirteenth century
  |url=https://archive.org/details/scotlandunderhe00robegoog
  |publisher=Edmonston and Douglas
  |year=1862
  |page=[https://archive.org/details/scotlandunderhe00robegoog/page/n290 286]
  }}
&lt;/ref&gt; [[Alexander I o Scotland|Alexander]] (c. 1078–1124) uised the wurds ''rex scottorum'' on his Great Seal, as did mony o his successors up tae [[James VI, King o Scots|Jamie the Saxt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PrydeGreenway1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|editor1=Pryde, E. B.|editor2=Greenway, D. E.|title=Handbook of British Chronology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcgxEvGAK_kC&amp;pg=PA55|accessdate=12 July 2016|edition=3rd|year=1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56350-5|page=55}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In modren times, the wurds ''Scot'' an ''Scots'' ur applied mainly tae inhabitants o Scotland. The maybee aye ancient Irish connotations ur maistly forgat. The leid kent as [[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster Scots]], spak in bits o North-east Ireland, is the result o 17t an 18t-centurie immigration tae Ireland fae Scotland.

== Fitmerks ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scots Fowk}}
[[Category:Scots fowk| ]]
[[Category:Celtic cultur]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:History o Scotland]]
[[Category:Scots society]]

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The '''Scots fowk''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Albannaich''), or '''Scots''', is a [[naition]] an [[ethnic group]] native til [[Scotland]]. Historically thay came frae a mellin o the [[Pechts]] an [[Gaels]], incorporatin neebourin [[Breetons (historical)|Brítons]] tae the sooth as weel as invadin [[Germanic fowk]]s siclike the [[Anglo-Saxons]] an the [[Norsemen|Norse]].

In modren uiss, &quot;Scots fowk&quot; or &quot;Scots&quot; is uised fir tae refer tae onybody that's origins is frae within Scotland. The [[Laitin leid|Laitin]] wird ''Scotti''&lt;ref&gt;Bede uised a Laitin form o the wird Scots as the name o the [[Gaels]] o [[Dál Riata]]. {{cite book |last=Roger Collins |first=Judith McClure |author2=Beda el Venerable, Bede |title=The Ecclesiastical History of the English People: The Greater Chronicle ; Bede's Letter to Egbert |url=https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalhi00bede_1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalhi00bede_1/page/386 386] |ISBN=}}&lt;/ref&gt; oreeginally applee'd tae a parteecular, 5t century, [[Gaels|Gaelic]] tribe that inhabitit Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Anthony Richard (TRN) Birley |first=Cornelius Tacitus |author2=Cayo Cornelio Tácito |title=Agricola and Germany |year=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/agricolagermany00taci |publisher=Oxford University Press |ISBN=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tho fir ordinar considert [[Airchaism|airchaic]] or [[pejorative]] whan applied tae fowk,&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Scotch Scotch | Define Scotch at Dictionary.com]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotch_Off&quot;&gt;[http://www.bartleby.com/61/8/S0160800.html The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language] Scotch usage note, [http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/scotch.html Encarta Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420062343/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/scotch.html |date=20 April 2006 }} usage note.&lt;/ref&gt; the term '''Scotch''' haes been uised fir the Scots fowk an aw, but this uise is nou, tae the maist pairt, bi fowk ootwi Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.answers.com/topic/scotch-1 &quot;Scotch is still in occasional contemporary use outwith Scotland&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[John Kenneth Galbraith]] in his book ''The Scotch'' (Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents how the descendants of 19th century pioneers from Scotland who settled in Southwestern Ontario affectionately referred to themselves as '''Scotch'''. He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the Scotch-Canadian community in the early decades of the 20th century.&lt;/ref&gt; The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Oxford Dictionar]]'' describes ''Scotch'' as an auld-farrant term fur &quot;Scottish&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED_Scotch&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/scotch?view=uk |title=Definition of scotch |publisher=Askoxford.com |date=27 September 2012 |accessdate=3 October 2012 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929231644/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/scotch?view=uk |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ethnic groups o Scotland ==
In the earlie [[Middle Ages]], the [[Kinrick o Scotland]] saw loads o ethnic or cultural groups, includin the [[Pechts]], the [[Gaels]], the Brítons, an the [[Angles]], wi the latter settlin in the sootheast o the kintra. Cultural-like, thae fowk ur groupit bi leid. Maist o Scotland till the 13t-centurie spak [[Celtic leids]] an thae included, at least tae stairt wi, the Britons, as weel as the Gaels an the Pechts.&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, &quot;The Language of the Picts&quot;, discussed by Forsyth, ''Language in Pictland''.&lt;/ref&gt; Germanic fowk included the Angles o [[Northumbrie]], that bided in sooth-east Scotland in the airt atween the [[Firth o Forth]] tae the north an the [[Watter o Tweid]] tae the sooth. Thay occupied the sooth-wast o Scotland an aw, up tae an the plain o [[Kyle, Ayrshire|Kyle]] an thair leid, [[Auld Inglis]], wis the earliest form o the leid that eventual-like became kent as [[Scots leid|Scots]].

Uiss o the [[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic leid]] spreid oothrou near the hail o Scotland bi the 9th-centurie,&lt;ref name=&quot;bord-na-gaidhlig1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Clancy|first=Thomas Owen|author-link=Thomas Owen Clancy|url=http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html|title=Gaelic Scotland: a brief history|publisher=bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk|date=13 July 2006|accessdate=21 September 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911232223/http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html|archivedate=11 September 2007}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-09-22 |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911232223/http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt; raxin a peak in the 11t tae 13t centuries, but wis niver the leid o the sooth-east o the kintra.&lt;ref name=&quot;bord-na-gaidhlig1&quot; /&gt;  [[Edgar, King o Scotland|King Edgar]] divided the [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]] atween Scotland an [[Kinrick o Ingland|Ingland]]; at least, maist medieval historians nou accept the 'gift' bi Edgar, in ony case, efter the [[Battle o Carham]] the Scots kinrick encompassed many Inglis fowk, wi even mair mibbie arrivin efter the Norman invasion o Ingland in 1066. Sooth-east o the Firth o Forth, then in [[Lowden]] an the borders (oe: loðene), a northren variety o Auld Inglis, kent as [[Early Scots|earlie Scots]], wis spak.

As a result o this, the King o Scots returned fae exile in Ingland in 1113, tae assume the throne in 1124 at the hinder end, wi the help o the [[Normans|Norman]] military force, [[David I, King o Scots|King David]] invitit Norman faimilies fae Fraunce an Ingland tae settle in lands he grantit thaim tae spread a rulin class lyal tae hissel. This Davidian Revolution, as loads o historians caw it, brocht a European pure class o [[feudalism]] til Scotland alang wi an influx o fowk o Norman descent – bi invítation, no like Ingland whaur it wis bi conquest. Tae this day, loads o the common fowk names o Scotland can trace ancestry tae Normans fae this period, sic as the Stewarts, the Bruces, the Hamiltons, the Wallaces, the Melvilles, some Browns an loads o ithers.

The [[Northren Isles]] an some bits o [[Caithness]] wis [[Norn leid|Norn]]-speakin (the wast o Caithness wis Gaelic-speakin till the 20t-centurie, as war some wee communities in bits o the mids [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]]). Fae 1200 tae 1500 the earlie Scots leid spreid aw ower the Lawland airts o Scotland atween Galloway an the Hieland line, bein used bi [[John Barbour|Barbour]] in his historical epic [[the Brus|the ''Brus'']] in the late 14t-centurie in [[Aiberdeen]].

Fae 1500 onward, Scotland wis commonly divided bi leid intae twa groups o fowk, Gaelic-speakin &quot;Hielanders&quot; (the leid formerly cried ''Scottis'' bi Inglis speakers an kent bi mony Lawlanders in the 18t-century as [[Erse leid|Erse]]) an the Inglis-speakin &quot;Lowlanders&quot; (a leid efter tae be cried Scots). The day, immigrants hae broucht ower ither leids, but awmaist ilka adult oothrou Scotland is fluent in the Inglis leid.

== Etymology  ==
Oríginally, the Romans uised ''Scotia'' tae refer tae the Gaels bidin in Ireland. The Venerable [[Bede]] (c. 672 or 673 – 27 Mey, 735) uises the wird ''Scottorum'' fur the nation fae Ireland that settlt pairt o the Pictish lands: &quot;''Scottorum nationem in pictorum parte recipit.''&quot; We can infer this tae mean the arrival o the fowk, kent forby as the Gaels, in the kinrick o [[Dál Riata]], in the wastren lip o Scotland. It's tae note that Bede uised the wird ''natio'' (nation) fur tae refer tae the Scots, whaur he aften refers tae ither fowk, sic as the Picts, wi the wird ''gens'' (race).&lt;ref name=&quot;Harris 72&quot;&gt;{{Cite book
  |last=Harris
  |first=Stephen J.
  |title=Race and Ethnicity in Anglo-Saxon Literature
  |url=https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityang00harr
  |url-access=limited
  |publisher=Routledge (UK)
  |date=1 October 2003
  |page=[https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityang00harr/page/n84 72]
  |id=ISBN}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 10t-centurie ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', the wird Scot is mentioned as a reference tae the &quot;land o the Gaels&quot;. The wird 'Scottorum' wis uised again bi an Erse king in 1005: ''Imperator scottorum'' wis the title gien tae [[Brian Boru|Brian Bóruma]] bi his notary, Mael Suthain, in the Book o Armagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoodyCróinín2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Moody|first1=Theodore William|authorlink1=Theodore William Moody|last2=Martin|first2=Francis X.|authorlink2=F. X. Martin|last3=Byrne|first3=F. J.|authorlink3=Francis John Byrne|editor=[[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín|Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí]]|title=A New History of Ireland|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2rwRDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA862|accessdate=12 July 2016|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-821737-4|page=862|chapter=XXV Ireland and her neighbours, c.1014-c.1072}}&lt;/ref&gt; This style wis subsequently copied bi the Scots kings. ''Basileus scottorum'' appears on the Great Seal o [[Edgar, King o Scotland|King Edgar]] (1074–1107).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
  |last=Freer
  |first=Allan
  |title=The North British Review
  |publisher=Edmonston &amp; Douglas
  |year=1871
  |page=119
  }}
 and {{Cite book
  |last=Robertson
  |first=Eben William
  |title=Scotland Under Her Early Kings: a history of the kingdom to the close of the thirteenth century
  |url=https://archive.org/details/scotlandunderhe00robegoog
  |publisher=Edmonston and Douglas
  |year=1862
  |page=[https://archive.org/details/scotlandunderhe00robegoog/page/n290 286]
  }}
&lt;/ref&gt; [[Alexander I o Scotland|Alexander]] (c. 1078–1124) uised the wurds ''rex scottorum'' on his Great Seal, as did mony o his successors up tae [[James VI, King o Scots|Jamie the Saxt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PrydeGreenway1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|editor1=Pryde, E. B.|editor2=Greenway, D. E.|title=Handbook of British Chronology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcgxEvGAK_kC&amp;pg=PA55|accessdate=12 July 2016|edition=3rd|year=1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56350-5|page=55}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In modren times, the wurds ''Scot'' an ''Scots'' ur applied mainly tae inhabitants o Scotland. The maybee aye ancient Irish connotations ur maistly forgat. The leid kent as [[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster Scots]], spak in bits o North-east Ireland, is the result o 17t an 18t-centurie immigration tae Ireland fae Scotland.

== Fitmerks ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scots Fowk}}
[[Category:Scots fowk| ]]
[[Category:Celtic cultur]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:History o Scotland]]
[[Category:Scots society]]

[[es:Escoto]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Black hole</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2721" sha1="t1d2d6lifg31o71lh8ryesivjxn9gj1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Black hole - Messier 87 crop max res.jpg|thumb|275px|The [[supermassive black hole]] in the core o [[Type-cD galaxy|supergiant]] [[elliptical galaxy]] [[Messier 87]], wi a mass aboot 7 billion times that o the Sun.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Oldham, L. J. |author2=Auger, M. W. |title= Galaxy structure from multiple tracers - II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales |date=March 2016|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=457 |issue=1 |pages= 421–439|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv2982|arxiv=1601.01323 |bibcode=2016MNRAS.457..421O }}
&lt;/ref&gt; It wis the first black hole eemage frae the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] released (10 Apryle 2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20190410&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Black Hole Picture Revealed for the First Time - Astronomers at last have captured an image of the darkest entities in the cosmos - Comments |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/science/black-hole-picture.html?comments#permid=31473598 |date=10 April 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=10 April 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;APJL-20190410&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=[[Event Horizon Telescope|The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration]] |title=First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7 |date=10 April 2019 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |volume=87 |number=1 |accessdate=10 April 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Veesible are the crescent-shapit emission raing an central shaidae, that are gravitationally distortit views o the black hole's photon raing an the photon captur zone o its [[event horizon]]. The crescent shape arises frae the black hole's rotation;&lt;ref name=&quot;APJL-20190410&quot; /&gt; the shaidae is aboot 2.5 times the diameter o the event horizon.&lt;ref name=&quot;eht&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eventhorizontelescope.org/galleries/2017-observations |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-04-10 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410223148/https://eventhorizontelescope.org/galleries/2017-observations |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
A '''black hole''' is an object in the [[universe]] that's [[gravity]] haes sic a strang pou that e'en [[licht]] canna win awa frae it. Short syne, mony [[astronomer]]s didna e'en ken gin thay kythed, but throu uisin modren [[prospect]]s an leukin til the universe, thay fund objects wi sic a strang gravity that coud be nocht but black holes.

Some [[Scots leid]] enthusiasts hae cleckit the [[neologism]] ''pitmirk thirl'' for black holes.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Black Hole}}
[[Category:Black holes| ]]
[[Category:Galaxies]]
[[Category:Theory o relativity]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Beirut</title>
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      <comment>Awful grammar and spelling, please review this page. The content on this page appears to have been written by somebody who does not speak English very well</comment>
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      <text bytes="8802" sha1="nkj6jqd0a3x97yhb5zy50tj63nxdqc5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Beirut
|other_name =Βηρυτός &lt;small&gt;(Greek)&lt;/small&gt;
|other_name =Beyrut&lt;small&gt;(Turkis)&lt;/small&gt;
|native_name = بيروت ''Bayrūt''
|other_name =Beyrouth &lt;small&gt;(French)&lt;/small&gt;
|settlement_type = Ceety
|city_motto = BERYTUS NUTRIX LEGUM ([[Laitin]])
|image_skyline      = Beirutcity.jpg
|imagesize          = 275px
|image_caption      = Beirut ceety skyline in the early 2000s
|image_flag = Drapeau de Beyrouth.png
|image_seal = BlasonBeyrouth4.jpg
|image_map =
|image_caption =
|mapsize =100 best
|map_caption = Location in Lebanon. The surroondin destrict can be seen on the map.
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|pushpin_map=Lebanon
|pushpin_mapsize=300
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Lebanon|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name = [[Lebanon]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Beirut Govrenorate|Beirut, Caipital Ceety]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Bilal Hamad
|area_note =
|area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2          = 20
| area_urban_km2          = 100
| area_metro_km2          = 200
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of =
| population_total        = 750000
| population_urban        = 1900000
| population_metro        = 2250000 ~ 3000000
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST = +3
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E|region:LB|display=inline}}
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|latitude = 33°53' N
|longitude = 35°30' E
|website = [http://www.beirut.gov.lb/ Ceety o Beirut]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Beirut''' ({{lang-ar|بيروت}}, ''Bayrūt'') is the [[Caipital ceety|capital]] an [[Warld's lairgest ceeties|largest city]] in [[Lebanon]] with a population [[Beirut#Demographics|ranging from some 1 million to over 2 million]] as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline along the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean sea]], it serves as the country's largest and main seaport. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian [[Amarna|Tell el Amarna]] letters, dating to the 15th century BC, and the city has been continuously inhabited since.

Beirut haulds Lebanon's seat of government, and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy with its city center, Hamra, Verdun, an Ashrafieh-based corporate firms and banks. The city is the focal point of the country's cultural life, renowned for its press, theatres, cultural activities, an night-life. After the destructive Lebanese civil war, Beirut underwent major reconstruction,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html Reconstruction of Beirut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116051421/http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html |date=2009-01-16 }}, Macalester College&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-10/2004-10-27-voa47.cfm?CFID=234705748&amp;CFTOKEN=74239565 Lebanon's Reconstruction: A Work in Progress], VOA News&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://worldviewcities.org/beirut/elipsis.html Beirut: Between Memory and Desire], Worldview&lt;/ref&gt; an the redesigned historic city centre, marina, pubs an nichtlife destricts hae ance again rendered it a tourist attraction.
Beirut was named the top place to visit in 2009 by ''[[The New York Times]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/01/11/travel/20090111_DESTINATIONS.html |title=The 44 Places to Go in 2009 - Interactive Graphic |location=Beirut (Lebanon);Washington (DC);Galapagos Islands;Berlin (Germany);Las Vegas (Nev);Hawaii;Vienna (Austria);Doha (Qatar);Dakar (Senegal);Phuket (Thailand);Chicago (Ill);Dallas (Tex);Bhutan;Florida Keys;Rome (Italy);Cuba;Penang (Malaysia);Seychelles Islands;Florianopolis (Brazil);Copenhagen (Denmark);Monument Valley;Great Britain;Cologne (Germany);Reykjavik (Iceland);Red Sea;Egypt;Deauville (France);South Africa;India;Kazakhstan;Buffalo (NY);Madagascar;Tasmania (Australia);Stockholm (Sweden);Alaska;Pennsylvania;Zambia |publisher=NYTimes.com |date=2009-01-11 |accessdate=2009-05-05 | first1=Zach | last1=Wise | first2=Miki | last2=Meek/}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was an regarded as one of the ten liveliest cities in the world by [[Lonely Planet]] in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/lebanon/beirut |title=Beirut Travel Information and Travel Guide&amp;nbsp;— Lebanon |publisher=Lonely Planet |date=2009-03-24 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin towns and sister cities in Lebanon}}

=== Twin touns&amp;nbsp;– Sister ceeties ===
Beirut is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&amp;NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest|title=Twinning the Cities|publisher=City of Beirut|accessdate=2008-01-13|archive-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&amp;NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Colombia}}  [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]  
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]], [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] 
* {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Damascus]], [[Sirie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libie]] 
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |title=Isfahan, Beirut named sister cities |accessdate=2007-05-02 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=MNA |pages= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012160800/http://mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |archivedate=2007-10-12 |quote= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2007-09-08|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait Ceety]], [[Kuwait]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Unitit States]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |title=Beirut, Lebanon |publisher=Lacity.org |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05 |archive-date=2009-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502011637/http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|France}}  [[Marseille]],  [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] 
* {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Quebec Ceety]], [[Canadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
* {{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Split, Croatie|Split]], [[Croatie]] 
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Strasbourg]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yerevan Sister Cities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&amp;page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality&amp;nbsp;– Sister Cities|publisher=© 2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=2009-06-22|archive-date=2011-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075135/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=194&amp;lang=3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Col-3}}
{{Col-end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Beirut]]
[[Category:Amarna letters locations]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Auncient mints]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Asie]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Beirut Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Crusades]]
[[Category:Hellenistic colonies]]
[[Category:Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Phoenicie ceeties]]
[[Category:Phoenicie steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Roman colonies]]
[[Category:Roman steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]]</text>
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      <comment>Please check this page, it is INUNDATED with poor spelling.</comment>
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      <text bytes="8796" sha1="ha9kkzeg5gozbyso1aqtt60awbm9wc8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Beirut
|other_name =Βηρυτός &lt;small&gt;(Greek)&lt;/small&gt;
|other_name =Beyrut&lt;small&gt;(Turkis)&lt;/small&gt;
|native_name = بيروت ''Bayrūt''
|other_name =Beyrouth &lt;small&gt;(French)&lt;/small&gt;
|settlement_type = City
|city_motto = BERYTUS NUTRIX LEGUM ([[Laitin]])
|image_skyline      = Beirutcity.jpg
|imagesize          = 275px
|image_caption      = Beirut city skyline in the early 2000s
|image_flag = Drapeau de Beyrouth.png
|image_seal = BlasonBeyrouth4.jpg
|image_map =
|image_caption =
|mapsize =100 best
|map_caption = Location in Lebanon. The surrounding district can be seen on the map.
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|pushpin_map=Lebanon
|pushpin_mapsize=300
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Lebanon|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name = [[Lebanon]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Beirut Govrenorate|Beirut, Capital City]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Bilal Hamad
|area_note =
|area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2          = 20
| area_urban_km2          = 100
| area_metro_km2          = 200
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of =
| population_total        = 750000
| population_urban        = 1900000
| population_metro        = 2250000 ~ 3000000
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST = +3
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E|region:LB|display=inline}}
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|latitude = 33°53' N
|longitude = 35°30' E
|website = [http://www.beirut.gov.lb/ City of Beirut]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Beirut''' ({{lang-ar|بيروت}}, ''Bayrūt'') is the [[Caipital city|capital]] an [[Warld's lairgest ceeties|largest city]] in [[Lebanon]] with a population [[Beirut#Demographics|ranging from some 1 million to over 2 million]] as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline along the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]], it serves as the country's largest and main seaport. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian [[Amarna|Tell el Amarna]] letters, dating to the 15th century BC, and the city has been continuously inhabited since.

Beirut haulds Lebanon's seat of government, and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy with its city centre, Hamra, Verdun, and Ashrafieh-based corporate firms and banks. The city is the focal point of the country's cultural life, renowned for its press, theatres, cultural activities, and nightlife. After the destructive Lebanese civil war, Beirut underwent major reconstruction,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html Reconstruction of Beirut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116051421/http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html |date=2009-01-16 }}, Macalester College&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-10/2004-10-27-voa47.cfm?CFID=234705748&amp;CFTOKEN=74239565 Lebanon's Reconstruction: A Work in Progress], VOA News&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://worldviewcities.org/beirut/elipsis.html Beirut: Between Memory and Desire], Worldview&lt;/ref&gt; an the redesigned historic city centre, marina, pubs an nichtlife destricts hae ance again rendered it a tourist attraction.
Beirut was named the top place to visit in 2009 by ''[[The New York Times]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/01/11/travel/20090111_DESTINATIONS.html |title=The 44 Places to Go in 2009 - Interactive Graphic |location=Beirut (Lebanon);Washington (DC);Galapagos Islands;Berlin (Germany);Las Vegas (Nev);Hawaii;Vienna (Austria);Doha (Qatar);Dakar (Senegal);Phuket (Thailand);Chicago (Ill);Dallas (Tex);Bhutan;Florida Keys;Rome (Italy);Cuba;Penang (Malaysia);Seychelles Islands;Florianopolis (Brazil);Copenhagen (Denmark);Monument Valley;Great Britain;Cologne (Germany);Reykjavik (Iceland);Red Sea;Egypt;Deauville (France);South Africa;India;Kazakhstan;Buffalo (NY);Madagascar;Tasmania (Australia);Stockholm (Sweden);Alaska;Pennsylvania;Zambia |publisher=NYTimes.com |date=2009-01-11 |accessdate=2009-05-05 | first1=Zach | last1=Wise | first2=Miki | last2=Meek/}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was an regarded as one of the ten liveliest cities in the world by [[Lonely Planet]] in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/lebanon/beirut |title=Beirut Travel Information and Travel Guide&amp;nbsp;— Lebanon |publisher=Lonely Planet |date=2009-03-24 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin towns and sister cities in Lebanon}}

=== Twin touns&amp;nbsp;– Sister ceeties ===
Beirut is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&amp;NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest|title=Twinning the Cities|publisher=City of Beirut|accessdate=2008-01-13|archive-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&amp;NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Colombia}}  [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]  
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]], [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] 
* {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Damascus]], [[Sirie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libie]] 
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |title=Isfahan, Beirut named sister cities |accessdate=2007-05-02 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=MNA |pages= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012160800/http://mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |archivedate=2007-10-12 |quote= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2007-09-08|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait City]], [[Kuwait]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[United States]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |title=Beirut, Lebanon |publisher=Lacity.org |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05 |archive-date=2009-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502011637/http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|France}}  [[Marseille]],  [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] 
* {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Quebec City]], [[Canadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
* {{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Split, Croatie|Split]], [[Croatie]] 
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Strasbourg]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yerevan Sister Cities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&amp;page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality&amp;nbsp;– Sister Cities|publisher=© 2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=2009-06-22|archive-date=2011-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075135/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=194&amp;lang=3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Col-3}}
{{Col-end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Beirut]]
[[Category:Amarna letters locations]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Auncient mints]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Asie]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Beirut Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Crusades]]
[[Category:Hellenistic colonies]]
[[Category:Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Phoenicie ceeties]]
[[Category:Phoenicie steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Roman colonies]]
[[Category:Roman steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>917527</id>
      <parentid>917524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T11:17:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Revertit edit o ~2026-32520-11, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot</comment>
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      <text bytes="8955" sha1="7rbmhvzm3sgffenxa1nasml5ys81vs9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Beirut
|other_name =Βηρυτός &lt;small&gt;(Greek)&lt;/small&gt;
|other_name =Beyrut&lt;small&gt;(Turkis)&lt;/small&gt;
|native_name = بيروت ''Bayrūt''
|other_name =Beyrouth &lt;small&gt;(French)&lt;/small&gt;
|settlement_type = Ceety
|city_motto = BERYTUS NUTRIX LEGUM ([[Laitin]])
|image_skyline      = Beirutcity.jpg
|imagesize          = 275px
|image_caption      = Beirut ceety skyline in the early 2000s
|image_flag = Drapeau de Beyrouth.png
|image_seal = BlasonBeyrouth4.jpg
|image_map =
|image_caption =
|mapsize =100 best
|map_caption = Location in Lebanon. The surroondin destrict can be seen on the map.
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|pushpin_map=Lebanon
|pushpin_mapsize=300
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Lebanon|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name = [[Lebanon]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Beirut Govrenorate|Beirut, Caipital Ceety]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Bilal Hamad
|area_note =
|area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2          = 20
| area_urban_km2          = 100
| area_metro_km2          = 200
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of =
| population_total        = 750000
| population_urban        = 1900000
| population_metro        = 2250000 ~ 3000000
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST = +3
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E|region:LB|display=inline}}
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|latitude = 33°53' N
|longitude = 35°30' E
|website = [http://www.beirut.gov.lb/ Ceety o Beirut]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Beirut''' ({{lang-ar|بيروت}}, ''Bayrūt'') is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an [[Warld's lairgest ceeties|lairgest ceety]] o [[Lebanon]] wi a population [[Beirut#Demographics|rangin frae some 1 million tae ower 2 million]] as o 2007. Locatit on a [[Leet o peninsulaes|peninsulae]] at the midpoint o Lebanon's coastline wi the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean sea]], it serves as the kintra's lairgest an main seaport, an an' a' forms the Beirut Metropolitan Aurie, which consists o the ceety an its suburbs. The first mention o this metropolis is foond in the [[ancient Egyp]]tian [[Amarna|Tell el Amarna]] letters, datin tae the 15t century BC, an the ceety haes been continuously inhabitit syne.

Beirut haulds Lebanon's [[seat o govrenment]], an plays a central role in the Lebanese economy wi its ceety centre, [[Hamra Street|Hamra]], Verdun, an Ashrafieh-based corporate firms an banks. The ceety is the focal point o the kintra's cultural life, renouned for its press, theatres, cultural activities, an nichtlife. Efter the destructive [[Lebanese Ceevil War|Lebanese ceevil war]], Beirut unnerwent major reconstruction,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html Reconstruction of Beirut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116051421/http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html |date=2009-01-16 }}, Macalester College&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-10/2004-10-27-voa47.cfm?CFID=234705748&amp;CFTOKEN=74239565 Lebanon's Reconstruction: A Work in Progress], VOA News&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://worldviewcities.org/beirut/elipsis.html Beirut: Between Memory and Desire], Worldview&lt;/ref&gt; an the redesigned historic ceety centre, marina, pubs an nichtlife destricts hae ance again rendered it a tourist attraction.
Beirut wis named the top place tae visit in 2009 bi ''[[The New York Times]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/01/11/travel/20090111_DESTINATIONS.html |title=The 44 Places to Go in 2009 - Interactive Graphic |location=Beirut (Lebanon);Washington (DC);Galapagos Islands;Berlin (Germany);Las Vegas (Nev);Hawaii;Vienna (Austria);Doha (Qatar);Dakar (Senegal);Phuket (Thailand);Chicago (Ill);Dallas (Tex);Bhutan;Florida Keys;Rome (Italy);Cuba;Penang (Malaysia);Seychelles Islands;Florianopolis (Brazil);Copenhagen (Denmark);Monument Valley;Great Britain;Cologne (Germany);Reykjavik (Iceland);Red Sea;Egypt;Deauville (France);South Africa;India;Kazakhstan;Buffalo (NY);Madagascar;Tasmania (Australia);Stockholm (Sweden);Alaska;Pennsylvania;Zambia |publisher=NYTimes.com |date=2009-01-11 |accessdate=2009-05-05 | first1=Zach | last1=Wise | first2=Miki | last2=Meek/}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis an aa leetit as ane o the ten liveliest ceeties in the warld bi [[Lonely Planet]] in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/lebanon/beirut |title=Beirut Travel Information and Travel Guide&amp;nbsp;— Lebanon |publisher=Lonely Planet |date=2009-03-24 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Lebanon}}

=== Twin touns&amp;nbsp;– Sister ceeties ===
Beirut is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&amp;NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest|title=Twinning the Cities|publisher=City of Beirut|accessdate=2008-01-13|archive-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&amp;NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Colombia}}  [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]  
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]], [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] 
* {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Damascus]], [[Sirie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libie]] 
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |title=Isfahan, Beirut named sister cities |accessdate=2007-05-02 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=MNA |pages= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012160800/http://mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |archivedate=2007-10-12 |quote= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2007-09-08|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait Ceety]], [[Kuwait]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Unitit States]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |title=Beirut, Lebanon |publisher=Lacity.org |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05 |archive-date=2009-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502011637/http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|France}}  [[Marseille]],  [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
{{Col-3}}
* {{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] 
* {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Quebec Ceety]], [[Canadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
* {{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Split, Croatie|Split]], [[Croatie]] 
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Strasbourg]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;twins&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yerevan Sister Cities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&amp;page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality&amp;nbsp;– Sister Cities|publisher=© 2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=2009-06-22|archive-date=2011-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075135/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=194&amp;lang=3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Col-3}}
{{Col-end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Beirut]]
[[Category:Amarna letters locations]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Auncient mints]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Asie]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Beirut Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Crusades]]
[[Category:Hellenistic colonies]]
[[Category:Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Phoenicie ceeties]]
[[Category:Phoenicie steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Roman colonies]]
[[Category:Roman steids in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ze'ev Jabotinsky</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>917526</id>
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      <text bytes="24441" sha1="2dhy8bmezbbprc0hw3sc8um2b7rddzh" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

[[Image:Zeev Jabotinsky.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Ze'ev Jabotinsky]]

'''Ze'ev Jabotinsky''' [[Member o the Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]] ({{lang-he|זאב ז'בוטינסקי}}, {{lang-uk|Володи́мир (Зеєв) Євге́нович Жаботи́нський}}) born '''Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky''' ({{lang-ru|Влади́мир Евге́ньевич Жаботи́нский}}) (October 18, 1880 &amp;ndash; August 4, 1940) wis a [[Zionism|Zionist]] leader, author, orator, an sodger o [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] oreegin. He wis the foonder o [[Reveesion Zionism]], the Jewish Self-Defence Organisation in [[Odessa]] an the [[Jewish Legion]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Struggle for the Jewish Legion and The Birth of the IDF |url=http://jewishmag.com/148mag/jewish_legion/jewish_legion.htm |first=Jerry |last=Klinger|publisher=Jewish Magazine |accessdate=5 December 2010 |date=October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; o the Breetish airmy in [[Warld War I]].

==Biography==
[[File:Zeev Jabotinsky family.jpg|thumb|right|Jabotinsky an his faimily]]
Born Vladimir Jabotinsky&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.odessitclub.org/reading_room/sokolyansky/konechno_v_odesse.htm |title=Archival documents on Zhabotinsky (Russian) |access-date=2011-05-21 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929073418/http://www.odessitclub.org/reading_room/sokolyansky/konechno_v_odesse.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Odessa]], [[Roushie Empire]], he wis raised in a [[Jew]]ish middle-cless hame an educatit in Roushie schuils. While he teuk Ebreu lessons as a bairn, Jabotinsky wrote in his autobiography that his upbringin wis divorced frae Jewish faith an tradeetion.

Jabotinsky's talents as a [[jurnalist]] became apparent even afore he feenished heich schuil. His first writins war published in Odessa newspapers whan he wis 16. Upon graduation he wis sent tae [[Bern (ceety)|Bern]], [[Swisserland]] an later tae [[Italy]] as a reporter for the [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] press. He wrote unner the [[pseudonym]] &quot;Altalena&quot; (the [[Italian leid|Italian]] wird for '[[Sweeng (seat)|sweeng]]'; see [[Altalena Affair]] as weel). While abroad, he studied [[law]] at the [[University o Rome La Sapienza|University o Rome]] an aw, but it wis anerlie upon his return tae Roushie that he qualified as an attorney. His dispatches frae Italy earned him recognition as ane o the brichtest young Roushie-leid jurnalists: he later editit [[newspaper]]s in [[Roushie leid|Roushie]], [[Yiddish leid|Yiddish]], an [[Ebreu]]. He mairit Jeanne in late 1907. Thay haed ane son, [[Ari Jabotinsky]], who wis a member o the Irgun-inspired [[Hillel Kook#Bergson Group|Bergson Group]], briefly served in the Knesset an dee'd in 1969.

==Zionist activism in Roushie==
Efter the [[Kishinev pogrom]] o 1903, Jabotinsky jynt the Zionist movement, whaur he suin became kent as a pouerful speaker an an influential leader. Wi mair pogroms loomin on the horizon, Jabotinsky established the Jewish Self-Defence Organisation, a Jewish militant group, tae safeguard Jewish communities throughoot Roushie. Jabotinsky became the soorce o great controversy in the Roushie Jewish community as a result o thir actions. Aroond this time, he set upon hissel the goal o learnin [[modren Ebreu]], an teuk a Ebreu name—''Vladimir'' became ''Ze'ev'' (&quot;wolf&quot;). Durin the pogroms, he organized sel-defence units in [[Jewish]] communities athort Roushie an focht for the [[ceevil richts]] o the Jewish population as a whole. His slogan wis, &quot;better to have a gun and not need it than to need it and not have it!&quot; Anither caw tae airms wis, &quot;Jewish youth, learn to shoot!&quot; That year Jabotinsky wis electit as a Roushie delegate tae the Saxt [[Zionist Congress]] in Basel, Swisserland. Efter Herzl's daith in 1904 he became the leader o the richt-wing Zionists. In 1906 he wis ane o the chief speakers at the Roushie Zionist [[Helsinki|Helsingfors]] Conference in [[Helsinki]], which cried upon the Jews o Europe tae engage in ''Gegenwartsarbeit'' (wirk in the present) an tae jyne thegither tae demand autonomy for the ethnic minorities in Roushie.&lt;ref name=&quot;liberal.org.il&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.liberal.org.il/the_man.htm |title=Jabotinsky Ze'ev. Liberal and Zionist Leader. Brief Biography |publisher=Liberal.org.il |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22 |archive-date=2009-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620113613/http://www.liberal.org.il/the_man.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He remained leal tae this Liberal approach scores o years later wi respect tae the Arab ceetizens o the future Jewish State: &quot;Each one of the ethnic communities will be recognized as autonomous and equal in the eyes of the law.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;liberal.org.il&quot;/&gt; In 1909 he fiercely criticized leadin members o the Roushie Jewish community for pairticipatin in ceremonies markin the centennial o the Roushie writer [[Nikolai Gogol]].

==Military career==
[[Image:Jabotinsky_in_Jewish_Legion.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Lt Jabotinsky in uniform 38t RF]]
[[Image:Mbe medal front and reverse.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Badge o [[Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]], obverse an reverse]]
Durin Warld War I, he conceived the idea o establishin a Jewish Legion tae fecht alangside the [[United Kinrick|Breetish]] again the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] wha then controlled [[Palestine]]. In 1915, thegither wi [[Joseph Trumpeldor]], a ane-airmed veteran o the [[Russo-Japanese War]], he creatit the [[Zion Mule Corps]], whilk consistit o several hunder Jewish men, mainly Roushies, who haed been exiled frae Palestine bi the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] an haed settled in [[Egyp]]. The unit served wi distinction in the [[Battle o Gallipoli]]. Whan the Zion Mule Corps wis disbandit, Jabotinsky traveled tae [[Lunnon]], whaur he continued his efforts tae establish Jewish units tae fecht in Palestine as pairt o the [[Breetish Airmy]]. Awtho Jabotinsky didna serve wi the Zion Mule Corps, Trumpeldor, Jabotinsky an 120 V.M.C. did serve in Platoon 16/20t Battalion o the [[London Regiment]]. In 1917, the govrenment agreed tae establish three Jewish Battalions, initiatin the [[Jewish Legion]]. Jabotinsky sodgered in the [[Jordan Valley (Middle East)|Jordan Valley]] in 1918 an wis decoratit for bravery. As an officer in the 38t [[Ryal Fusiliers]], Jabotinsky focht wi [[General Allenby]] in 1917, an wis decoratit wi the MBE for heidin the first company tae cross the River Jordan intae Palestine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/Zionist+Leaders-+Ze-ev+Jabotinsky.htm |title=Zionist Leaders- Ze-ev Jabotinsky |publisher=Mfa.gov.il |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jewish sel-defence==
Efter Jabotinsky wis dischairged frae the Breetish Airmy in September 1919, he openly trained Jews in warfare an the uise o sma airms. Efter the [[1920 Palestine riots]], at the demand o the Arab leadership, the Breetish searched the offices an apairtments o the Zionist leadership, includin [[Chaim Weizmann|Weizmann]]'s an Jabotinsky's hames, for airms. In Jabotinsky's hoose thay foond 3 rifles, 2 pistols, an 250 roonds o ammunition. Nineteen men wur arrestit, includin Jabotinsky.

A committee o inquiry placed responsibility for the riots on the Zionist Commission, for provokin the Arabs. Jabotinsky wis gien a 15-year preeson term for possession o wappens. The court blamed '[[Bolshevism]],' claimin that it 'flowed in Zionism's inner hert' an ironically identifee'd the fiercely anti-[[Socialist]] Jabotinsky wi the Socialist-aligned [[Poalei Zion]] ('Zionist Wirkers') pairty, whilk it cried 'a definite Bolshevist institution.'&lt;ref name=Segev&gt;[[Tom Segev]], ''One Palestine, Complete'', Metropolitan Books, 1999. p.141&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein the public ootcry again the verdict, he received amnesty an wis released frae [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] preeson.

==Founder of the Revisionist movement==
In 1920, Jabotinsky wis elect tae the first [[Assembly o Representatives (Mandate Palestine)|Assembly o Representatives]] in Palestine. The follaein year he wis elect tae the executive cooncil o the [[World Zionist Organisation|Zionist Organisation]]. He wis an' a' a foonder o the newly registered [[Keren Hayesod]] an served as its director o propaganda.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928041617/http://www.kh-uia.org.il/us/history.html The Concise History, (Excerpt from Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol.10)]&lt;/ref&gt; He quit the mainstream Zionist movement in 1923, housomeivver, due tae differences o opinion atween him an its chairman, [[Chaim Weizmann]], an established the new [[Revisionist Zionism|revisionist]] pairty cried [[Hatzohar|Alliance o Revisionists-Zionists]] an its [[Zionist youth movement|youth movement]], ''[[Betar (youth movement)|Betar]]'' (a Ebreu acronym for the &quot;League o Joseph Trumpeldor&quot;). His new pairty demandit that the mainstream Zionist movement recognise as its statit objective the establishment o a Jewish state; ane on baith banks o the [[Jordan River]]. His main goal wis tae establish a modren Jewish state wi the help an aid o the Breetish Empire. His philosophy contrastit wi the socialist orientit [[Labor Zionism|Labor Zionists]], in that it focused its economic an social policy on the ideal o the Jewish Middle cless in Europe. An Anglophile, his ideal for a Jewish state wis a form o naition state based loosely on the Breetish imperial model, whase wanin sel-confidence he deplored.&lt;ref&gt;‘England is becoming continental! Not long ago the prestige of the English ruler of the &quot;coloured&quot; colonies stood very high. Hindus, Arabs, Malays were conscious of his superiority and obeyed, not unprotestingly, yet completely. The whole scheme of training of the future rulers was built on the principle &quot;carry yourself so that the inferior will feel your unobtainable superiority in every motion&quot;.’Jabotinsky, cited [[Lenni Brenner]], ''The Iron Wall'' London, ch.7, 1984&lt;/ref&gt; His support base wis maistly locatit in Poland, an his activities focused on attainin Breetish support tae help in the development o the [[Yishuv]]. Anither aurie o major support for Jabotinsky wis [[Latvie]], whaur his fiery speeches in Roushie made an impression on the lairgely Roushie-speakin Latvian Jewish community.

==Return tae Palestine blockit bi the Breetish==
[[Image:Zev Vladimir Jabotinsky uniform.jpg|right|framed|Ze'ev Jabotinsky durin [[Warld War I|Warld&amp;nbsp;War&amp;nbsp;I]].]]

In 1930, while Jabotinsky wis visitin [[Sooth Africae]], he wis informed bi the Breetish Colonial Office that he wad no be alloued tae return tae Palestine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=20846869665381 |title=H-Net Reviews |publisher=H-net.msu.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The muivement he established wis no monolithic housomeivver, an later includit three separate factions, o which Jabotinsky's wis the maist moderate. Jabotinsky favoured poleetical cooperation wi the Breetish, while mair [[Irredentism|irredentist]]-mindit individuals lik [[David Raziel]], [[Abba Ahimeir]], an [[Uri Zvi Greenberg]] focused on independent action in Mandate Palestine, fechtin poleetically against the Labor mainstream, militarily against the Breetish Authorities, an retaliatin for Arab attacks. Durin his time in exile, Jabotinsky stairtit regardin [[Benito Mussolini]] as a potential ally again the [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]], an contacts wur made wi [[Italy]].  Jabotinsky an the Reveesionist Zionist movement set up the Betar Naval Academy in Mussolini's Italy in 1934.  At the Betar Naval Academy Revisionist Zionist cadets wur trained on ships, includin the first Reveesionist Zionist ship named &quot;The Sarah I&quot;.  The academic Kaplan notes that awtho the Reveesionists wur keen tae ensure that trainees evit local Fascist politics the cadets did express public support for Benito Mussolini's regime, as Halpern later detailed in his beik History of Hebrew Seamanship.  Cadets mairched alangside Italian soldiers in support o the Seicont Italo–Abyssinian War ad collected metal scraps for the Italian wappens industry.  Thay &quot;felt as if they were living the true Beitarist life in an atmosphere of heroism, militarism, and nationalistic pride.&quot;  The Academy closed in 1938.  An airticle bi writer Peter Snowdon notes; &quot;It was Mussolini's naval academy at Civitavecchia which turned the Betar from just one more impetuous brownshirt gang into the disciplined organisation which would become, in turn, the Haganah, the Irgun and the Stern Gang. As one Jewish historian has put it: &quot;He was the liberal-imperialist head on a totalitarian body.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/376/pal2.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-21 |archive-date=2011-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405000210/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/376/pal2.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Evacuation plan for the Jews o Poland, Hungary an Romanie==
In the 1930s, Jabotinsky wis deeply concerned wi the situation o the Jewish community in Eastren Europe, parteecularly [[Poland]]. In 1936, Jabotinsky prepared the sae-cried 'evacuation plan', which cried for the evacuation o the entire Jewish population o [[Poland]], [[Hungary]] an [[Romanie]] tae Palestine. In 1936, he toured [[Eastren Europe]] as weel, meetin wi the Pols Foreign Meenister Colonel [[Józef Beck]]; the Regent of [[Hungary]], Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]], an Prime Meenister [[Gheorghe Tătărescu]] o [[Romanie]] tae discuss the evacuation plan. The plan gained the approval o aw three govrenments, but caused considerable controversy athin Pols Jewry, on the grunds that it played intae the haunds o Pols anti-Semites. In pairticular, the fact that the 'evacuation plan' haed the approval o the Pols govrenment wis taken bi mony Pols Jews as indicatin Jabotinsky haed gained the endorsement o wha thay considered tae be the wrang fowk. The evacuation o Jewish communities in Poland, Hungary an Romanie wis tae tak place ower a ten-year period. Housomeivver, the controversy wis rendered muit whan the Breetish govrenment vetoed it, an the [[World Zionist Organisation]]'s chairman, [[Chaim Weizmann]], dismissed it. Twa year later, in 1938, Jabotinsky statit in a speech that Pols Jews 'wur livin on the edge o the volcano' an warned that a wave o bloody [[Holocaust|super-pogroms]] wad be happenin in Poland sometime in the near future. Jabotinsky went on tae warn Jews in Europe that thay should leave for Palestine as suin as possible.

==Belief in integratin the Arab minority==
Jabotinsky wis a complex personality, combinin cynicism an idealism. He wis convinced that thare wis nae wey for the Jews tae regain ony pairt o Palestine athoot opposition frae the Arabs, but he believed that the Jewish state coud be a hame for Arab ceetizens an aw. In 1934 he wrote a draft constitution for the Jewish state whilk declared that the Arab minority wad be on an equal fuitin wi its Jewish coonterpairt &quot;ootthrough aw sectors o the kintra's public life.&quot; The twa communities wad share the state's duties, baith military an ceevil service, an enjoy its prerogatives. Jabotinsky proposed that Ebreu an Arabic shoud enjoy equal richts an that &quot;in ivery cabinet whaur the prime meenister is a Jew, the vice-premiership shall be affered tae an Arab an vice versa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.meforum.org/article/711 Benny Morris's Reign of Error, Revisited: The Post-Zionist Critique - Middle East Quarterly&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daith==
[[File:Grave of Ze'ev Jabotinsky IMG 1161.JPG|thumb|250px|Grave o Jabotinsky, [[Munt Herzl]], [[Jerusalem]]]]
Jabotinsky dee'd o a hert attack in [[New York Ceety]], on August 4, 1940, while visitin a Jewish sel-defence camp run bi [[Betar]]. He wis buried in New Montefiore cemetery in New York rather than in Palestine, in accordance wi the statement in his will, &quot;I want to be buried outside Palestine, may NOT be transferred to Palestine unless by order of that country's eventual Jewish government.&quot;

Initially, efter the State o Israel wis established, the govrenments heidit bi Prime Meenister [[David Ben-Gurion]] did no mak sic a decision, but in 1964, shortly efter becomin Prime Meenister, [[Levi Eshkol]] ordered the reinterment o Jabotinsky an his wife in [[Jerusalem]] at [[Munt Herzl]] Cemetery. A monument tae Jabotinsky remains at his oreeginal burial site in New York.

== Legacy an commemoration ==
Ze'ev Jabotinsky's legacy is cairried on the day bi Israel's [[Herut]] pairty (merged wi ither richt wing pairties tae form the [[Likud]] in 1973), [[Herut – The National Movement]] (a breakaway frae Likud), [[Magshimey Herut]] (young adult activist movement) an [[Betar]] (youth movement). In the Unitit States, his caw for Jewish sel defence haes led tae the formation o [[Americans for a Safe Israel]] an the [[Jewish Defence Organisation]]. The JDO's trainin camp is named Camp Jabotinsky. In Israel, thare are mair streets, pairks an squares named efter Jabotinsky than ony ither figure in Jewish or Israeli history.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3476622,00.html Jabotinsky maist popular street name in Israel] Ynetnews, 28 November 2007&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Jabotinsky Medal]] is awardit for distinguished service tae the State o Israel, an maist Israeli ceeties hae streets named efter him. On 11 August 2008, left wing Israeli Eddication Meenister [[Yuli Tamir]] annoonced plans tae remuive Jabotinsky's name frae a leet o terms students are required tae learn, creatin an uproar.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080814031042/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1010194.html Ha'aretz] 11 august 2008 ''Tamir infuriates rightists by removing Jabotinsky from curriculum''&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wirks ==
=== Beuks ===
:'''By Jabotinsky'''
* ''Turkey and the War'', London, T.F. Unwin, Ltd. [1917]
* ''Samson the Nazarite'', London: M. Secker, [1930]
* ''The Jewish War Front'', London: T.F. Unwin, Ltd. [1940]
* ''The War and The Jew'', New York, [[The Dial Press]] [c1942]
* ''The Story of the Jewish Legion'', New York, B. Ackerman, incorporated [c1945]
* ''The Battle for Jerusalem. Vladimir Jabotinsky, John Henry Patterson, [[Josiah Wedgwood IV|Josiah Wedgwood]], [[Pierre Van Paassen]] explains why a Jewish army is indispensable for the survival of a Jewish nation and preservation of world civilisation,'' American Friends o a Jewish Palestine, New York, The Friends, [1941]
* ''A Pocket Edition of Several Stories Mostly Reactionary'', Tel-Aviv: Reproduced bi Jabotinsky Institute in Israel, [1984]. Reprint. Oreeginally published: Paris, [1925]
* ''The Five'', A Novel of Jewish Life in Turn-of-the-Century Odessa
:'''Aboot Jabotinsky'''
* ''Lone Wolf: a Biography of Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky'', bi Shmuel Katz; New York: Barricade Beuks, [c1996]
* ''The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story'', bi Joseph B Schechtman; New York, T. Yoseloff [c. 1956-1961]
* Zev Jabotinsky: Militant Fighter for Jews &amp; Israel- Jewish Defence Organisation booklet
* ''Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925-1948'', bi Yaacov Shavit, London, England; Totawa, N.J.:F. Cass, [1988]
* ''Zionism in the Age of the Dictators'', Lenni Brenner, Lawrence Hill &amp; Co; Rev Ed edition [c1983]
*''Vladimir Jabotinsky'', [[Michael Stanislawski]] (Introduction), [2005] ISBN 978-0-8014-8903-7
*[http://www.kotar.co.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=92587410 Vladimir Jabotinsky: The Man and His Struggles], bi Joseph Nedava; Tel Aviv [1986]

=== Airticles an poems ===
*[[The East Bank of the Jordan]] (kent as &quot;Two Banks has the Jordan&quot; an aw), a poem bi Jabotinsky that became the slogan an ane o the maist famous sangs o [[Betar]]
*[http://mnuez.blogspot.com/2007/09/jabo.html Video of Jabotinsky Speaking of Jewish Eastern Palestine], 1934
*[http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1237 Zionism and the Land of Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613221205/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1237 |date=2006-06-13 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070816181206/http://www.csuohio.edu/tagar/tisha.htm Tisha B'Av, 1937]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080102223444/http://www.csuohio.edu/tagar/boris.htm Instead of Excessive Apology], 1911
*[http://www.betar.co.uk/ideology.php The Ideology of Betar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131001049/http://www.betar.co.uk/ideology.php |date=2009-01-31 }}
*[[Iron Wall (essay)]]
*[http://www.Jabotinsky.org/Jaboworld/docs/ethics.doc &quot;The Ethics of the Iron Wall&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711132210/http://www.jabotinsky.org/Jaboworld/docs/ethics.doc |date=2007-07-11 }}, 1923
*A selection o Jabotinsky's writins: [http://www.Jabotinsky.org/jaboworld.html The World of Jabotinsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815215046/http://jabotinsky.org/jaboworld.html |date=2007-08-15 }}
*Jabotinsky translatit [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s &quot;[[The Raven]]&quot; intae Ebreu an Roushie, an pairts o [[Dante]]'s [[Divine Comedy]] intae modren Ebreu verse.

== Quotes ==

* &quot;Our habit of constantly and zealously answering to any rabble has already done us a lot of harm and will do much more. ... We do not have to apologize for anything. We are a people as all other peoples; we do not have any intentions to be better than the rest. As one of the first conditions for equality we demand the right to have our own villains, exactly as other people have them. ... We do not have to account to anybody, we are not to sit for anybody's examination and nobody is old enough to call on us to answer. We came before them and will leave after them. We are what we are, we are good for ourselves, we will not change, nor do we want to.&quot; (Frae ''Instead of Excessive Apology'', 1911)
* &quot;Eliminate the [[Jewish diaspora|Diaspora]], or the Diaspora will surely eliminate you.&quot; (Frae &quot;Tisha B'av 1937&quot;)

==See also==
* [[Itamar Ben-Avi]]

==References==
* [http://www.jabotinsky.org/multimedia/upl_doc/doc_191207_49117.pdf ''The Iron Wall'' (1923)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706184227/http://www.jabotinsky.org/multimedia/upl_doc/doc_191207_49117.pdf |date=2010-07-06 }}
* [http://www.jabotinsky.org/multimedia/upl_doc/doc_191207_181762.pdf ''The Ethics of the Iron Wall'' (1923)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115050102/http://www.jabotinsky.org/multimedia/upl_doc/doc_191207_181762.pdf |date=2013-11-15 }}
{{Reflist}}

==External sources==
{{Commonscat|Zeev Jabotinsky}}
*[http://www.knesset.gov.il/vip/jabotinsky/eng/index_eng.html Memorial pages for Jabotinsky] in [[Knesset]] wabsteid {{en icon}}
*[http://www.Jabotinsky.org/ The Jabotinsky Institute]
*[http://www.jewishdefense.org Jewish Defence Organisation runs Camp Jabotinsky], ([http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/Zionist+Leaders-+Ze-ev+Jabotinsky.htm Zionist Leaders: Ze'ev Jabotinsky], [[Israeli Meenistry o Foreign Affairs]]
*[http://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/zabotinski_eng.htm Ze'ev Jabotinsky's biography] Knesset wabsteid {{en icon}}
*[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3062516,00.html Law honorin Zionist forefaither passed] Yediot Aharonot, 23 Mairch 2005
*[http://www.betar.co.uk/betaris/zeev.php Jabotinsky's biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123132730/http://www.betar.co.uk/betaris/zeev.php |date=2005-11-23 }} Betar UK
*[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=907698%20&amp;contrassID=2&amp;subContrassID=15&amp;sbSubContrassID=0&amp;listSrc=Y Fighting Hitler with cartoons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207031313/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=907698%20&amp;contrassID=2&amp;subContrassID=15&amp;sbSubContrassID=0&amp;listSrc=Y |date=2009-02-07 }}, [[Haaretz]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabotinsky, Ze'ev}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1940 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Odessa]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:Roushie Jews]]
[[Category:Roushie Jews in the militar]]
[[Category:Anti-communists]]
[[Category:Buirials in New York]]
[[Category:Zionists]]
[[Category:Ryal Fusiliers officers]]
[[Category:Breetish Airmy personnel o Warld War I]]
[[Category:Writers on Zionism]]
[[Category:History o Israel]]
[[Category:Jewish Naitional Cooncil members]]
[[Category:Members o the Assembly o Representatives (Mandate Palestine)]]
[[Category:Irgun members]]
[[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:Ze'ev Jabotinsky]]
[[Category:Revisionist Zionism]]
[[Category:Buirials at Munt Herzl]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7861" sha1="lrhq6p981wdw4fuezwmu06zo7c9z8qm" xml:space="preserve">{{Korean name|[[Park (name)|Park]]}}

{{Infobox muisical airtist
|name=Park Ji-yoon (박지윤)
|image =
|background = solo_singer
|birth_name =
|alias = 
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|1|3}}
|origin = [[Sooth Korea]]
|instrument =
|genre = [[K-pop]], [[R&amp;B]], [[Hip-Hop]]
|occupation = [[Sangster]], [[Actor]]
|years_active = 1997–present
|label           = Seoul Records &lt;small&gt;(1997&amp;ndash;1999)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[JYP Entertainment]] &lt;small&gt;(2000&amp;ndash;2003)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Sony BMG|Sony Music Korea]] &lt;small&gt;2009&amp;ndash;present&lt;/small&gt;
|associated_acts = 
|website             = [http://www.cyworld.com/miyaogom/ Park's personal Cyworld]
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
| hangul=박지윤 
| hanja=朴志胤
| rr=Bak Ji-yun 
| mr=Pak Chiyun}}

'''Park Ji-yoon''' (born 3 Januar 1982) is a Korean pop sangster, actress, an model, who debuted as a [[Haitai]] model at age 13.
Park Ji Yoon is weel kent in Korea an abroad for her actin, singin an modellin skills. She has a B.F.A. frae Namseoul University in Environmental Airt &amp; Design.

== Career==
Efter debutin as a commercial model at the age o 13, she released her first album in 1997, titled ''Haneulsaek Ggoom'' (''하늘색 꿈'', &quot;''Sky Blue Dream''&quot;).  Her hit singles &quot;Haneulsaek Ggoom&quot; frae her debut album, &quot;Seonginshik&quot; frae her fourth, an &quot;Nam Namjaya&quot; frae ''Man'', receivin a lot o love frae fans.&lt;ref&gt;{{ko icon}}Choi, Dae-han. [http://www.todaykorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=70558 쇼! 음악중심 '박지윤의 7년만의 7집앨범, 인순이 기대해주세요' (Show! Music Core'' &quot;Anticipate Park Ji-yoon's Seventh Album and In Sooni&quot;'')]. ''TodayKorea''. May 2, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=interview&gt;{{ko icon}}Lee, Kyeong-ran. [http://news.joins.com/article/3594556.html?ctg=1503 박지윤 “박진영과 결별 후 안됐다는 말 들을까봐…” (''Park Ji-yoon, &quot;After Splitting from Park Jin Young, I Thought I'd Hear that I Can't Succeed...&quot;'')]. [[JoongAng Ilbo|Joins.com]]. May 4, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Housomeivver, due tae creative differences, Park left [[JYP Entertainment]] efter her saxt album; she felt that insteid o showin her true sel as an airtist, she wis being controlled bi producer [[Park Jin-young]].&lt;ref name=songwriter&gt;{{ko icon}}Lee, Kyeong-ran. [https://archive.today/20130127035543/article.joins.com/article/article.asp?total_id=3580009&amp;ctg=15 가수 박지윤, 싱어송라이터로 돌아온다 (''Singer Park Ji-yoon Comes Back as Singer-Songwriter'']. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Joins.com]]''. April 22, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Park then teuk an extendit break frae singin an entered the film an muisical fields.&lt;ref name=return&gt;{{ko icon}}Lee, Mi-hyae. [http://isplus.joins.com/enter/star/200904/20/2009042008100060710020100000201040002010401.html?click=isplus 박지윤, 23일 6년만에 가수컴백 ‘여전히 아름다워’ (''Park Ji-yoon Returns After 6 Years on 23rd, &quot;As Beautiful as Always&quot;'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527121653/http://isplus.joins.com/enter/star/200904/20/2009042008100060710020100000201040002010401.html?click=isplus |date=2009-05-27 }}. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|IS Plus]]''/''Newsen''. April 20, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Efter 6 years, Park returned wi her seivent album, ''Ggot, Dashi Cheotbunjjae'' (''꽃, 다시 첫번째'', &quot;''Flower, Again for the First Time''&quot;).  Leavin ahint her sexy image frae &quot;Seonginshik&quot;, Park attemptit tae put her experiences o bein in her 20s intae this album,&lt;ref name=interview /&gt; writin three o the sangs on it&lt;ref name=return /&gt; an haein creative input in producin the album an designin its cover.&lt;ref&gt;{{ko icon}}Kim, Sang-ho. [http://www.sportsseoul.com/news2/entertain/broad/2009/0504/20090504101040200000000_6931681955.html 박지윤, 7집 컴백 앞두고 커피 서빙했다? (''Park Ji-Yoon, Serving Coffee Before 7th Album Comeback?'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507110448/http://www.sportsseoul.com/news2/entertain/broad/2009/0504/20090504101040200000000_6931681955.html |date=2009-05-07 }}. ''SportsSeoul''. May 4, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;  She made her comeback wi the sang &quot;Baraejin Kieukae&quot; (&quot;바래진 기억에&quot;, &quot;''In My Fading Memory''&quot;) on [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]'s ''Show! Eumak Jungshim'' on 2 Mey 2009 an on [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]'s ''Inkigayo'' on 3 Mey.&lt;ref&gt;Jeong, Myeong-hwa. [http://joynews.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_serial=412221&amp;g_menu=700091 '컴백' 박지윤, 성숙하고 자연스러운 매력 '눈길' (''&quot;Comeback&quot; Park Ji-Yoon, Mature and Natural Charms &quot;Gaze&quot;'')]. ''JoyNews''. May 2, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;  The sang wis written an producit bi Dear Cloud.&lt;ref&gt;{{ko icon}}Hwang, Yoon-jeong. [http://ent.jknews.co.kr/article/news/20090502/6017642.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503123113/http://ent.jknews.co.kr/article/news/20090502/6017642.htm |date=2009-05-03 }} [가수 박지윤, ‘음악중심’ 컴백 화제 ‘화려하게~’(''Singer Park Ji-yoon, ''Music Core'' Comeback Response &quot;Brilliant&quot;'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503123113/http://ent.jknews.co.kr/article/news/20090502/6017642.htm |date=2009-05-03 }}. ''JK News''. May 2, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discografie ==
* ''Haneulsaek Kkum'' (''하늘색 꿈'', &quot;''Sky Blue Dream''&quot;) &amp;mdash; December 1997
** Singles: &quot;Haneulsaek Kkum&quot;, &quot;Baby Baby Baby&quot;
* ''Blue Angel'' &amp;mdash; November 1998
** Singles: &quot;Steal Away&quot;, &quot;Sojunghan Sarang&quot; (&quot;소중한 사랑&quot;, &quot;''Precious Love''&quot;), &quot;Nae Nunae Seulpeun Bee&quot; (&quot;내 눈에 슬픈 비&quot;, &quot;''The Rain in My Eyes''&quot;)
* ''The Age Ain't Nothing But a Number'' &amp;mdash; 8 August 1999
** Singles: &quot;Gabeoryeo&quot; (&quot;가버려&quot;, &quot;''Go Away''&quot;), &quot;Amugeotdo Mollayo&quot; (&quot;아무것도 몰라요&quot;, &quot;''I Don't Know Anything''&quot;),
* ''Seonginsik'' (''성인식'', &quot;''Coming of Age Ceremony''&quot;) &amp;mdash; 26 Julie 2000
** &quot;Seonginsik&quot;, &quot;Dalbiche Norae&quot; (&quot;달빛의 노래&quot;, &quot;''Moonlight Song''&quot;), &quot;Hwansang&quot; (&quot;환상&quot;, &quot;''Illusion''&quot;)
* ''Man'' &amp;mdash; 11 Januar 2002
** Singles: &quot;Nan Namjaya&quot; (&quot;난 남자야&quot;, &quot;''I'm a Man''&quot;), &quot;Nan Sarang-e Ppajyeotjyo&quot; (&quot;난 사랑에 빠졌죠&quot;, &quot;''I'm Falling in Love''&quot;), &quot;Baekjo&quot; (&quot;백조&quot;, &quot;''Swan''&quot;)
* ''Woo~ Twenty One'' &amp;mdash; 27 Februar 2003
** Singles: &quot;Hal Jul Areo?&quot; (&quot;할 줄 알어?&quot;, &quot;''Do You Know How?''&quot;), &quot;DJ&quot; (featuring [[Psy (rapper)|PSY]]), &quot;Yeojaga Namja-ege Baraneun Yeolhan-Gaji&quot; (&quot;여자가 남자에게 바라는 11가지&quot;, &quot;''11 Things Women Want from Men''&quot;)
* ''Kkot, Dasi Cheotbeonjjae'' 2009 (''꽃, 다시 첫번째'', &quot;''Flower, Again for the First Time''&quot;)
** Singles: &quot;Baraejin Gieoge&quot; (&quot;바래진 기억에&quot;, &quot;''In My Fading Memory''&quot;)
* ''Tree of Life'' &amp;mdash; 20 Februar 2012
** Singles: &quot;Tree of Life&quot;

== Filmografie ==

=== Film ===
* ''Grape Candy'' (2012)
* ''Seoul'' (2010)
* ''Restoration'' (2010) - narration
* ''First Kiss'' (1998)

=== Televeesion===
* ''Shut Up Family'' (KBS2, 2012)
* ''Goodbye, Dear Wife'' (Channel A, 2012)
* ''[[Lie to Me (2011 TV series)|Lie to Me]]'' (SBS, 2011)
* ''Bichunmoo'' (GDTV, 2006 / SBS, 2008)
* ''New Human Market'' (SBS, 2004)
* ''Ghost'' (SBS, 1999)
* ''Three Guys and Three Girls'' (MBC, 1997)
* ''Dinosaur Teacher'' (SBS, 1993)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.parkjiyoon.co.kr Park Ji Yoon]
* [http://epg.epg.co.kr/star/profile/index.asp?actor_id=1182 Profile at EPG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907072728/http://epg.epg.co.kr/star/profile/index.asp?actor_id=1182 |date=2006-09-07 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Park, Ji-yoon}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:K-pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Sooth Korean film actresses]]
[[Category:Sooth Korean televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:Sooth Korean female sangsters]]
[[Category:Sooth Korean pop sangsters]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Föglö</title>
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      <text bytes="4201" sha1="q2e861a82i7q2s536egu5g57dekqk4n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Finnish Municipality
|name                   = Föglö
|official_name          = {{lang|sv|Föglö kommun}}
|other_name             = 
|native_name            = 
|native_name_lang       = 
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = Municipality
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|motto                  = 
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|image_caption          = Föglö Church
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|image_map              = Föglö sijainti Suomi.svg
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = Location of Föglö in [[Finland]]
|image_dot_map          = 
|dot_mapsize            = &lt;!-- City, Town or Municipality--&gt;
|dot_map_caption        = 
|dot_x =  |dot_y = 
|pushpin_map            =Finland Åland 
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Åland Islands
|pushpin_mapsize        = 250
|province               = {{flag|Åland}}
|region                 = Åland
|subregion              = Archipelago sub-region
|government_footnotes   = 
|leader_title           = Municipal manager
|leader_name            = Niklas Eriksson
|leader_title1          = 
|leader_name1           = 
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|latNS=  N
|longEW= E
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|website                = [http://www.foglo.ax/ www.foglo.ax]
|footnotes              = 
}}
'''Föglö''' is an island [[municipalities o Finland|municipality]] o [[Åland]], an autonomous territory o [[Finland]].

The municipality haes a population o {{formatnum: {{Infobox Finnish municipality/population count|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} ({{#time: j F Y|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/population count|sourcedate}} }})&lt;ref name=&quot;population_count&quot; /&gt; an covers an aurie o {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/total area|{{PAGENAME}}}}|km2}} o which {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/waters area|{{PAGENAME}}}}|km2|abbr=on}} is watter.&lt;ref name=&quot;total_area&quot; /&gt; The [[population densitie]] is {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/population density|{{PAGENAME}}|round=2}}|PD/km2}}.
The municipality is unilingually [[Swadish leid|Swadish]], yet in the last decade thare haes been some immigration frae Estonie an Latvie due tae the need o employees at the fish ferms, the main industrie in Föglö. The municipality is connectit anerlie bi ferries tae [[Lumparland]] which haes road connection tae Mariehamn, an bi ferries tae [[Kumlinge]] whaur thare is a ferry to mainland Finland. Thare are plans tae build a road tunnel tae [[Lemland]], likely tae be opened aroond 2015.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.foglo.ax/ The offeecial wabsteid o Föglö] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706130718/http://www.foglo.ax/ |date=2011-07-06 }}
{{Municipalities o Åland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foglo}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Åland]]</text>
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    <title>Santa Cruz Atizapán</title>
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      <text bytes="6466" sha1="o8wz86gqn0v7530rq2ybj78re868dh0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;| name                            = Atizapán Santa Cruz
| settlement_type                 = [[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipality]] an toun
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&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| subdivision_type                = Kintra
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| area_total_km2                  = 8.42 &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
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| timezone                        = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset                      = -6
| timezone_DST                    = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central Daylicht Time]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = -5
| coordinates                     = {{coord|19|10|32|N|99|29|19|W|region:MX|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes             = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
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| official_name                   = Atizapán Santa Cruz
}}
'''Atizapán Santa Cruz''' is a toun an [[municipalities o the State o Mexico|municipality]], in the [[State o Mexico]] in [[Mexico]]. The municipality covers an aurie o 8.42 km².

As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 8,909.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Santa Cruz Atizapán|url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15012a.htm|work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal]]|accessdate=June 5, 2009|archive-date=2007-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930000000/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15012a.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{State o Mexico}}

[[Category:Municipalities o the State o Mexico]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the State o Mexico]]</text>
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    <title>Garbagnate Milanese</title>
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| name                = Garbagnate Milanese
| official_name       = Comune di Garbagnate Milanese
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = 
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
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| image_shield        = Garbagnate Milanese-Stemma.png
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| coordinates         = {{coord|45|35|N|9|4|E|type:city(27,167)_region:IT|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Lombardy]]
| province            = [[Province o Milan|Milan]] (MI)
| frazioni            = Bariana, Santa Maria Rossa
| mayor_party         = [[Democratic Pairty (Italy)|PD]]
| mayor               = Pier Mauro Pioli
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 8.9
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 26979
| population_as_of    = 30 April 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Garbagnatesi
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| saint               = 
| day                 = 
| postal_code         = 20024
| area_code           = 02
| website             = {{official|http://www.comune.garbagnate-milanese.mi.it}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
'''Garbagnate Milanese''' is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Milan]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Lombardy]], locatit aboot 15&amp;nbsp;km northwast o [[Milan]].

Garbagnate Milanese borders the follaein municipalities: [[Caronno Pertusella]], [[Cesate]], [[Lainate]], [[Senago]], [[Arese]], [[Bollate]], [[Baranzate]].

Garbagnate receivit the honorar title o ceety wi a presidential decree on 25 Februar 1985.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.comune.garbagnate-milanese.mi.it Offeecial wabsteid] (In Italian)
{{Stub/Italy}}{{Province o Milan}}</text>
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    <title>Lanzhou</title>
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      <text bytes="32460" sha1="me39237lm532ggku5s224pqn0c2asf6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = {{raise|0.2em|Lanzhou}}
|official_name          = &lt;!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' --&gt;
|native_name            = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|兰州市}}}}}}
|other_name             = 
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        = [[Prefectur-level ceety]]
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          = Lanzhou-036.JPG
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          = View o Lanzhou
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|city_logo              =
|citylogo_size          =
|image_map              = Location of Lanzhou Prefecture within Gansu (China).png
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            = Location of Lanzhou City (yellow) in Gansu and the PRC
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = China
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Cheenae
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Gansu]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      = [[:en:Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|County-level&amp;nbsp;divisions]]
|subdivision_name3      = 8
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = Mayor
|leader_name            = [[Yuan Zhanting]] (袁占亭)
|leader_title1          = Deputy Mayor
|leader_name1           = Cai Ming
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                = &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           = &lt;!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by area|ranked 29th]]) --&gt;
|area_total_km2           = 13300&lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =1,088
|area_metro_km2           =
|population_as_of               = 2010 census
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 3,616,163
|population_density_km2         = auto
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =

|population_urban               =2,177,130
|population_density_urban_km2   =auto
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =&lt;!-- Mun. Density rank --&gt;
|population_blank1              =&lt;!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by population density|4th]]) --&gt;
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_blank2_title =Major [[Nationalities of China|nationalities]]
|population_blank2= &lt;!-- [[Han Cheenese|Han]] - 96%&lt;br&gt;[[Manchu]] - 2%&lt;br&gt;[[Hui fowk|Hui]] - 2%&lt;br&gt;[[Mongols|Mongolie]] - 0.3% --&gt;
|timezone               = [[Cheenae Standard Time|China Standard]]
|utc_offset             = +8

|coordinates            = {{coord|36|02|N|103|48|E|region:CN-62|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal code o Cheenae|Postal code]]
|postal_code            = 730000
|area_code              = [[Telephone numners in Cheenae|931]]
|blank_name             = [[License Plate (Cheenae)|License plate prefixes]]
|blank_info             = {{lang|zh-cn|甘}}A
|blank1_name            = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (2008)
|blank1_info            = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 84.6 billion &lt;!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by gross domestic product|15th]]) --&gt;
|blank2_name            = &amp;nbsp;- per caipita
|blank2_info            = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 25,566 &lt;!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by GDP per capita|2nd]]) --&gt;
|blank3_name            =
|blank3_info            =
|blank4_name            =
|blank4_info            =
|website                = http://www.lz.gansu.gov.cn {{zh icon}}
|footnotes              = &lt;center&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''City [[flower]]s'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt; [[Rugosa Rose]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
}}
{{Chinese
|t=蘭州
|s=兰州
|p=Lánzhōu
  |w=Lan-chou
  |psp=Lanchow
|j=laan&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;zau&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|wuu=lae&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;tseu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|poj=Lân-chiu
|l=elegant state or Capital of Lan
}}

'''Lánzhōu''' ({{zh|s=兰州}}; [[Cheenese Postal Map Romanization|Postal cairt spellin]]: '''Lanchow''') is the caipital an lairgest ceety o [[Gansu]] [[Provinces o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Province]] in [[Northwast Cheenae]]. A [[prefectur-level ceety]], it is a key regional transportation hub, allouin auries further wast tae maintain railwey connections tae the eastren hauf o the kintra.
Lanzhou is hame tae 3,616,163 indwallers at the 2010 census an 2,177,130 in the biggit-up aurie (urban) o {{convert|1,088|km2}}.

==History==
Oreeginally in the territory o the Wastren [[Qiang fowk]]s, Lanzhou became pairt o the territory o the [[Qin (state)|State o Qin]] in the 6t century BC.

In 81 BC, unner the [[Han dynasty]] (206 BC–220 AD), it wis taken frae the Huns' [[Huandi Chanyu]] an made the seat o [[Jincheng]] [[Commandery (Cheenae)|commandery]] (jùn), an later o the [[Jincheng]] [[Coonties o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae#History|coonty]] (xiàn), later renamit ''Yunwu''. The ceety uised tae be cried the Gowden ceety, an syne at least the first millennium BC it wis a major link on the auncient [[Northren Silk Road]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.springerlink.com/content/3262l7037l13vuq2/ Xian Xiaowei, Zhang Linyuan, Ai Nanshan and Wihelm Wohlke, ''On the relation between the evolution of natural environment and human factors and the development of urban settlement—Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as an examples'', Springerlink vol.1,no.1 (1991)]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18006 C.Michael Hogan, ''Silk Road, North China'', the Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham]&lt;/ref&gt; an a important historic [[Yellae River]] crossin steid an aw. Tae pertect the ceety, the [[Great Waw o Cheenae]] wis extendit as far as [[Yumen Pass|Yumen]].

Efter the faw o the [[Han dynasty]], Lanzhou became the caipital o a succession o tribal states.  In the 4t century it wis briefly the caipital o the independent state o [[Earlier Liang|Liang]]. The [[Northren Wei dynasty]] (386–534) reestablished [[Jincheng]] commandery, renamin the coonty [[Zicheng]]. Mixed wi different cultural heritages, the aurie at present-day [[Gansu]] province, frae the 5t tae the 11t century, became a centre for [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] study. Unner the [[Sui Dynasty]] (581–618) the ceety became the seat o Lanzhou prefectur for the first time, retainin this name unner the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907). In 763 the aurie wis owerrun bi the [[Tibetan Empire]] an in 843 wis conquered bi the [[Tang dynasty|Tang]]. Later it fell intae the haunds o the [[Wastren Xia dynasty]] (which flourished in [[Qinghai]] frae the 11t tae 13t century) an wis subsequently absorbit bi the [[Song dynasty]] (960–1126) in 1041. The name Lanzhou wis reestablished, an the coonty renamit Lanzhuan.

Efter 1127 it fell intae the haunds o the [[Jin dynasty, 1115–1234|Jin dynasty]], an efter 1235 it came intae the possession o the [[Mongol Empire]].

[[Image:Landzhou 07-2005.jpg|thumb|left|Dountoun Lanzhou seen frae athort the Yellae River]]
Unner the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) the prefectur wis demotit tae a coonty an placit unner the admeenistration o [[Lintao]] superior prefectur, but in 1477 Lanzhou wis reestablished as a poleetical unit.

The ceety acquired its current name in 1656, durin the [[Qing dynasty]]. When Gansu wis made a separate province in 1666, Lanzhou became its caipital.

In 1739 the seat o [[Lintao]] wis transferred tae Lanzhou, which wis later made a superior prefectur cried Lanzhou.

Lanzhou wis badly damagit durin the [[Dungan revolt (1862–1877)|Dungan revolt]] in 1864–1875. In the 1920s an 1930s it became a centre o [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] influence in [[northwastren Cheenae]]. Durin the [[Seicont Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945) Lanzhou, linkit wi [[Xi'an]] bi [[heich-gate]] in 1935, became the terminus o the {{convert|3,200|km|mi|abbr=on}} Cheenese–Soviet heich-gate, uised as a route for Soviet supplies destined for the Xi'an aurie. This heich-gate remained the primar traffec route o northwastren Cheenae till the completion o the railwey frae Lanzhou tae [[Urumqi]], [[Xinjiang]]. Durin the war Lanzhou wis hivily bombit bi the [[Japan]]ese.

Durin the 1937 Japanese invasion o Cheenae, the ''[[Guominjun]]'' [[Muslim]] Generals [[Ma Hongkui]] an [[Ma Bufang]] protectit Lanzhou wi thair cavalry troops, puttin up sic resistance that the Japanese niver captured Lanzhou.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=13-VTIrrBsH_lge18Y2kCg&amp;ct=result&amp;id=6O67mW5ODV0C&amp;dq=by+the+Japanese+because+of+the+strong+resistance+put+up+by+the+cavalry+troops+of+the+Muslim+Generals+Ma+Hung-kwei+and+Ma+Pu-fang&amp;q=lanzhou+resistance+never+captured+muslim+generals+ma+pu-fang+ma+hung-kwei|title=Collier's encyclopedia: with bibliography and index, Volume 14|author=Stéphane William Darrach Halsey, Bernard Johnston (M.A.)|year=1989|publisher=Macmillan Educational Co.|location=|page=285|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=13-VTIrrBsH_lge18Y2kCg&amp;ct=result&amp;id=HIIJAAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=by+the+Japanese+because+of+the+strong+resistance+put+up+by+the+cavalry+troops+of+the+Muslim+Generals+Ma+Hung-kwei+and+Ma+Pu-fang&amp;q=strong+resistance+japanese+cavalry+muslim+generals|title=Collier's encyclopedia: with bibliography and index, Volume 14|author=Stéphane William Darrach Halsey, Bernard Johnston (M.A.)|year=1983|publisher=Macmillan Educational Co.|location=|page=285|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&amp;tbo=1&amp;q=by+the+Japanese+because+of+the+strong+resistance+put+up+by+the+cavalry+troops+of+the+Muslim+Generals+Ma+Hung-kwei+and+Ma+Pu-fang&amp;btnG=Search+Books|title=Collier's encyclopedia: with bibliography and index, Volume 14|author=Stéphane William Darrach Halsey, Bernard Johnston (M.A.)|year=1983|publisher=Macmillan Educational Co.|location=|page=285|isbn=|pages=|accessdate=2010-06-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The ceety is the seat o a currently vacant [[Roman Catholic]] [[diocese]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dlnch.html Archdiocese of Lanchow] at catholic-hierarchy.org&lt;/ref&gt; and wis previously the centre o a [[vicariate apostolic]] ([[Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan-Su]]).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08602c.htm Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan-Su] at [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie==
*[[Aurie]]: {{convert|13300|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Elevation]]: {{convert|1600|m}} abuin sea level
*[[Northwastren Cheenae|Cheenae's northwast]] geographical centre
*Mair nor {{Convert|20|km2}} o urbanisation alang the soothren banks o the [[Yellae River]].
*Zonary basin
*Muntains are locatit on the sooth an north sides o the ceety:
**[[Qilian Ranges]], [[Pingliang Muntains|Mt. Pingliang]] an [[Kongtong Muntains|Mt. Kongtong]] (the maist notit in [[Taoism]])
*River:
**The [[Yellae River]] flows throu frae wast tae east.

Lanzhou is situatit on the upper reaches o the [[Yellae River]] whaur it emerges frae the muntains an haes been a centre syne early times, bein at the soothren end o the route leadin via the [[Hexi Corridor]] athort [[Central Asie]]. It commands the approaches tae the auncient caipital aurie o [[Chang'an]] (modren [[Xi'an]]) in [[Shaanxi]] province frae baith the wast an the northwast, as well as the aurie o [[Qinghai Loch]] via the upper watters o the Yellae River an its tributars.

===Climate an environs===

Lanzhou is situatit in the [[temperate zone]] an enjoys a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'') wi het simmers an cauld an vera dry winters. The monthly 24-oor average temperatur ranges frae {{convert|−5.3|°C|1}} in Januar tae {{convert|22.4|°C|1}} in Julie. The mean annual temperatur is {{convert|9.75|°C|1}}, while annual [[rainfaw]] is {{convert|315|mm|in}}, amaist aw o which faws frae Mey tae October. The winters are sae dry that snaw is extremely rare. Wi monthly percent possible sunshine rangin frae 50&amp;nbsp;percent in Dizember tae 59&amp;nbsp;percent in Februar, sunshine is generous but no abundant, as the ceety receives 2,424 oors o bricht sunshine annually.

{{Weather box
|location = Lanzhou (1971–2000)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high C =  1.7
|Feb high C =  6.0
|Mar high C = 12.2
|Apr high C = 19.6
|May high C = 24.1
|Jun high C = 27.3
|Jul high C = 29.3
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 22.8
|Oct high C = 16.7
|Nov high C =  9.5
|Dec high C =  2.8

|Jan low C = −10.1
|Feb low C =  −6.0
|Mar low C =   0.3
|Apr low C =   6.1
|May low C =  10.7
|Jun low C =  14.3
|Jul low C =  16.6
|Aug low C =  15.7
|Sep low C =  11.4
|Oct low C =   5.0
|Nov low C =  −2.1
|Dec low C =  −8.3
|year high C= 16.7 |year low C=   4.5
|year high F =62.0 |year low F = 40.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm =   1.4
|Feb precipitation mm =   2.7
|Mar precipitation mm =   9.2
|Apr precipitation mm =  14.7
|May precipitation mm =  33.2
|Jun precipitation mm =  44.0
|Jul precipitation mm =  67.0
|Aug precipitation mm =  73.8
|Sep precipitation mm =  40.7
|Oct precipitation mm =  21.3
|Nov precipitation mm =   2.8
|Dec precipitation mm =   0.9

|Jan humidity = 54
|Feb humidity = 49
|Mar humidity = 48
|Apr humidity = 45
|May humidity = 48
|Jun humidity = 54
|Jul humidity = 59
|Aug humidity = 63
|Sep humidity = 66
|Oct humidity = 66
|Nov humidity = 60
|Dec humidity = 58
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days =  1.9
|Feb precipitation days =  2.4
|Mar precipitation days =  4.5
|Apr precipitation days =  5.3
|May precipitation days =  7.5
|Jun precipitation days =  9.4
|Jul precipitation days = 11.4
|Aug precipitation days = 11.2
|Sep precipitation days =  9.9
|Oct precipitation days =  6.3
|Nov precipitation days =  1.7
|Dec precipitation days =  1.0

|Jan sun = 155.7 |Jan percentsun = 51
|Feb sun = 179.3 |Feb percentsun = 59
|Mar sun = 195.4 |Mar percentsun = 53
|Apr sun = 224.5 |Apr percentsun = 57
|May sun = 245.9 |May percentsun = 57
|Jun sun = 234.7 |Jun percentsun = 54
|Jul sun = 244.8 |Jul percentsun = 55
|Aug sun = 241.1 |Aug percentsun = 58
|Sep sun = 191.5 |Sep percentsun = 52
|Oct sun = 186.0 |Oct percentsun = 53
|Nov sun = 174.0 |Nov percentsun = 57
|Dec sun = 151.2 |Dec percentsun = 50
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration&lt;ref name= CMA &gt;{{cite web  | url = http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&amp;tpcat=SURF&amp;type=table&amp;pageid=3  | title = 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）  | accessdate = 2010-05-04  | publisher = [[China Meteorological Administration]]  | language = Simplified Chinese  | archive-date = 2013-09-21  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&amp;tpcat=SURF&amp;type=table&amp;pageid=3  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

===Environmental issues===
{{Further|Environs o Cheenae}}
Serious [[air pollution]] in the ceety means that it haes some o the wirst [[air quality]] o ony ceety naitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.gansudaily.com.cn/20050107/110/2005107A0003G001.htm |title={{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020717/ |date=2015-09-24 }} Gansu Daily, &amp;#91;reports lowest staundin o 84 Cheenese ceeties surveyed&amp;#93; |access-date=2014-04-09 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020717/http://www.gansudaily.com.cn/20050107/110/2005107A0003G001.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae the [[Blacksmith Institute]], Lanzhou is ane o the 30 maist pollutit ceeties in the warld, wi its TSP (tot suspendit pairticle) ratin 247&amp;nbsp;percent abuin that o the Gansu State recommendation. Air quality is sae poor that at times ane canna see [[Lanshan (Gansu)|Lanshan]], the muntain risin straicht up alang the sooth side o the ceety. At ane pynt, a controversial suggestion wis put forrit tae bulldoze a muntain adjacent tae the ceety, in order tae let fresh air intae the bowl whaur Lanzhou is situatit. It wis suggestit on the premise that the surroondin mountains block a free flow o air in the ceety. The ceety is locatit in a narrae river valley wi a unfortunate curve causin it tae be hemmit in wi nae free air flow. Lanzhou is the hame o mony factories an aw, includin some involvit in petroleum processin, an suffers frae lairge [[dust storm]]s kickit up frae the [[Gobi Desert]], especially in the winter an ware. In 2011, uisin Cheenese statistics, the [[World Health Organization]] reportit that Lanzhou haes the wirst air quality (annual mean [[PM10]] ug/m3 o 150) amang eleiven wastren Cheenese ceeties, an is even waur nor Beijing wi its readin o 121.&lt;ref&gt;WHO report OAP_database_8_2011.xls&lt;/ref&gt;

The reach o the Yellae River at Lanzhou cairies a heich load o silt, giein the river its characteristic muddy appearance; housomeivver watter quality in this reach is better nor the &quot;fetid ootflow that barely passes for watter twa oors dounstream&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16951806 ''Yellow River Pollution Is Price of Economic Growth'', Rob Gifford. NPR, Jan. 6, 2008]&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Clear}}

===Yirdquauks===
Lanzhou experiences yirdquauks regularly, awtho uisually at law intensities.  In 1920 a lairge yirdquauk wis experiencit killin mair nor 100,000 fowk in Eastren Gansu province, awtho anerly 42 wur killed in Lanzhou itsel, the law nummer bein attributit tae the strang yet flexible natur o the firthen biggins in the ceety.&lt;ref&gt;“The Earthquake,” E. J. Mann in Links with China and Other Lands, No. 31, April 1921, Lanzhou: China Inland Mission (quarterly) Bound volume in MS 380302, Papers of Ebenezer and Mabel Mann, SOAS, 331.[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/4/913.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011230757/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/4/913.htm |date=2013-10-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Admeenistrative diveesions==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot; align=center
! Map
! #
! Name
! Simplifee'd Cheenese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! Population&lt;br&gt;(2010 census)
! Aurie (km²)
! Density&lt;br&gt;(/km²)
|----------
|rowspan=&quot;12&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[File:Lanzhou mcp.png|300px]]
|colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#D3D3D3&quot;|'''City proper'''
|-
|1
|[[Chengguan Destrict, Lanzhou|Chengguan Destrict]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|城关区}}
|{{transl|zh|Chéngguān Qū}}
|1,278,745
|220
|5,812.47
|----------
|2
|[[Qilihe Destrict]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|七里河区}}
|{{transl|zh|Qīlǐhé Qū}}
|561,020
|397
|1,413.14
|----------
|3
|[[Xigu Destrict]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|西固区}}
|{{transl|zh|Xīgù Qū}}
|364,050
|385
|945.58
|----------
|4
|[[Anning Destrict]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|安宁区}}
|{{transl|zh|Ānníng Qū}}
|288,510
|86
|3,354.76
|----------
|colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#D3D3D3&quot;|'''Suburban'''
|----------
|5
|[[Honggu Destrict]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|红古区}}
|{{transl|zh|Hónggǔ Qū}}
|136,101
|575
|236.69
|----------
|colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#D3D3D3&quot;|'''Landwart'''
|----------
|6
|[[Yongdeng Coonty]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|永登县}}
|{{transl|zh|Yǒngdēng Xiàn}}
|418,789
|6,090
|68.76
|----------
|7
|[[Gaolan Coonty]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|皋兰县}}
|{{transl|zh|Gāolán Xiàn}}
|131,785
|2,556
|51.55
|----------
|8
|[[Yuzhong Coonty]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|榆中县}}
|{{transl|zh|Yúzhōng Xiàn}}
|437,163
|3,362
|130.03
|----------
|9
|[[Lanzhou New Aurie]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;sub&gt;A economic management aurie&lt;br&gt;no a formal admeenistrative diveesion.&lt;/sub&gt;
|{{lang|zh-hans|兰州新区}}
|{{transl|zh|Lánzhōu Xīnqū}}
|bgcolor=grey| 
|bgcolor=grey| 
|bgcolor=grey| 
|}

===Lanzhou New Aurie===
{{main|Lanzhou New Aurie}}
On 20 August 2012, Lanzhou New Aurie wis appruivit bi the State Cooncil o Cheenae's Central Govrenment as the fift state-level new special economic development zone (follaeed bi Pudong o Shanghai, Binhai o Tianjin, Liangjiang o Chongqing, Zhoushan o Zhejiang), which is the first state-level new aurie in the northwast o Cheenae an aw.

==Tourism==

*The '''Five Spring Moontain Pairk'''（五泉山公园） wis biggit at the northren side o Gaolan Muntain, is famous for its five springs an several Buddhist temples.
*The '''Yellae River Brig'''(黄河铁桥) haes connectit the transport hub o Lanzhou tae the mainland an northwast syne the Ming dynasty when fowk began tae envisage sic a crossin tae conquer the Yellae River .
*'''Baita Moontain Pairk'''(白塔山公园) wis biggit close tae the muntains at a elevation o {{Convert|1700|m}} an opened in 1958 athort the Yellae River brig.

==Economy==
[[File:Lanzhou city from Five Springs Park.jpg|thumb|center|810px|Panoramic view o Lanzhou ceety centre]]

===Productivity===
Syne 1949 Lanzhou haes been transformit frae the caipital o a poverty-stricken province intae the centre o a major industrial aurie. The [[GDP per caipita]] o Lanzhou wis 25,566 ([[Renminbi|RMB]]) (US$3,681) in 2008, rankin it at nummer 134 amang 659 Cheenese ceeties.

===Natural resources===
*[[Minerals]]: [[coal]], [[gowd]], [[siller]], [[zinc]], [[nickel]], [[manganese]], [[clay]], an [[dolomite]]
*[[Hydropouer]]

Thare is a [[thermal generatin plant]] supplee'd wi coal frae fields in [[Qinghai]]. In addeetion, thare is a [[hydroelectric station]] at Zhulama Gorge in [[Gansu]], an a lairge multipurpose dam haes been biggit in the Liujia Gorge on the Yellae River abuin Lanzhou.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.asia-planet.net/china/yellow-river-tour.htm#liujiaxia |title=Liujiaxia Gorge and Bingling Temple |access-date=2014-04-09 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042652/http://www.asia-planet.net/china/yellow-river-tour.htm#liujiaxia |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Industry===
Main industries include textile mills, [[rubber]] processin an [[fertilizer]] plants, an [[ile refinery]], [[petrochemical]]s, machinery, an [[Metallurgy|metallurgical]] industry.

Gansu haes ane o the lairgest [[ile refineries]] in the kintra an Lanzhou itsel is the centre o the province's petrochemical industry. Lanzhou haes a lairge refinery linkit tae the fields at [[Yumen Ceety|Yumen]] bi pipeline. It manufactures equipment for the [[ile industry]] an aw.

Lanzhou haes a lairge [[textile industry]], pairticularly notit for the production o ooen an leather guids. In addeetion, Lanzhou produces [[locomotives]] an [[rollin stock]] for the northwastren railweys, as well as machine tuils an minin equipment. [[aluminum]] products, industrial chemicals, an fertilizers are producit on a lairge scale, an thare is a lairge rubber industry. [[Copper]] is mined in nearbi [[Gaolan]].

Lanzhou haes been ane o the centres o Cheenae's naitional [[nuclear pouer]] industry syne the 1960s.

Industrial zones:

* Lanzhou Economic an Technological Development Zone
* Lanzhou Heich-tech Industrial Development Zone

===Agricultur===
Lanzhou is the collectin centre an mercat for [[agricultural produce]] an [[fermstockin]] frae a wide aurie.

*[[Spring wheat]], [[vegetable]]s, [[bean]]s, [[ile-boilin]], [[melon]], [[peach]]es, an [[tobacco]]
*[[Rose]]s an [[lily|lilies]]

==Transportation==
{{Further|Transport in Cheenae}}
[[Image:Lanzhou station 01.jpg|thumbnail|right|Lanzhou Railwey Station]]
[[Image:Lanzhou-rio-amarillo-baita-shan-d02.jpg|thumbnail|right|The [[Yellae River]] seen frae the pairk o the [[White Pagoda]].]]

===Airlines===
*[[Lanzhou Airport]] serves as the main airport an is locatit {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} north o Lanzhou. Flichts frae mair nor 20 ceeties depairt an arrive at the airport.

===Railwey===

====Subwey====
Lanzhou wis the seicont ceety in northwast Cheenae tae open a subwey line, in August 2012.  The urban railwey netwirk, [[Lanzhou Metro]], is planned tae conseest o sax subway lines runnin {{convert|207|km|abbr=on}}.
Three o the subwey lines, codit Line 1, Line 2 an Line 3, will extend {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} in the ceety proper, while the three ooter lines, codit Line 4, Line 5 an Line 6, will run {{convert|117|km|abbr=on}}, connectin the ceety centre wi Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport, Yuzhong coonty an Gaolan coonty, respectively.
The first twa lines will cost aboot 23 billion yuan ($3.6 billion) an be completit bi 2020.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2012-06/27/content_15526833.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

====Regional====
[[Lanzhou Railwey Station]] is a major railwey hub o wastren Cheenae. Ivery day ower 100 passenger trains oreeginate or pass via this station. It is a vital focal pynt connectin the wastren Cheenese provinces wi the east. Lanzhou Railway Station is locatit on Huochezhan Dong Lu, in Chengguan destrict.

It haes the follaein railwey connections:
*[[Longhai Railwey]] tae the east ([[Xi'an]], [[Zhengzhou]], [[Lianyungang]]), wi connection tae the main railwey o Eastren Cheenae supportin direct trains tae [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], etc. This wis the first railwey tae reach Lanzhou (1953).
*[[Lanxin Railwey]] tae the wast an northwast (wi direct trains tae wastren Gansu an [[Ürümqi]], an further connections tae ither pynts in [[Xinjiang]] an tae [[Kazakhstan]])
* [[Lanqing Railwey]] tae the wast an soothwast, wi direct service tae [[Xining]] an [[Lhasa]]
* A line tae the north an northeast, wi direct service tae [[Yinchuan]] an [[Baotou]]

Construction o new heich-speed passenger-anerly railwey lines is carriet oot baith toward the east (the [[Xulan Passenger Dedicated Line]]) an the wast (the [[Lanxin High-Speed Railway]]). Thir services will uise a upgradit [[Lanzhou West Railway Station]].

===Heich-gates===
*Linkit tae neebourin provinces
*[[Cheenae Naitional Heich-gate 212]]
*[[Cheenae Naitional Heich-gate 213]]
*[[Cheenae Naitional Heich-gate 312]]

===Bus services===
Lanzhou haes a notit [[bus rapid transit]] seestem which opened in 2013 an wan the ceety a honorable mention at the 2014 Sustainable Transport Awairds.&lt;ref&gt;[https://go.itdp.org/display/live/Buenos+Aires,+Argentina+Wins+2014+Sustainable+Transport+Award Buenos Aires, Argentina Wins 2014 Sustainable Transport Award] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901222308/https://go.itdp.org/display/live/Buenos+Aires,+Argentina+Wins+2014+Sustainable+Transport+Award |date=2014-09-01 }}, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/lanzhou.aspx |title=Lanzhou BRT |access-date=2014-04-09 |archive-date=2014-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211063759/http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/lanzhou.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Places o interest==
[[File:Xiguan Mosque.JPG|thumb|Xiguan Mosque efter a [[Jumu'ah|Friday Prayer]]]]
*[[Gansu Provincial Museum]]
*[[Wuquan Muntain]]
*[[Baita Muntain]]
*[[Xinglong Muntain]]
*[[Lutusi auncient govrenment]]

==Media==
*[[Gansu People's Press]], in Lanzhou, publishes ''[[Duzhe]]'', the maist widely circulatit magazine in [[Cheenae]].
*[[Lanzhou Radio]] serves the [[Lhasa]] an Lanzhou province regions wi news an muisic.

==Cultur==
The ceety is the cultural centre o [[Gansu]]. It is hame tae mony different ethnic groups an thair respective culturs, but the maist prominent three groups are the Han, Hui, an Zang.

*[[Cheenese opera]]: [[Qinqiang Drama]]
*[[Cheenese Islamic cuisine|Cuisine]]: Lanzhou beef [[lamian]] noodles, the ruit o the lily, an mony different kynds o mutton aw featur intae Lanzhou's destinct fuid cultur. 
*[[Islam in China]]: Xiguan [[Mosque]], the mosque wis constructit in the Ming dynasty an later rebuilt in 1990, an occupees a aurie o 467 square metres, an is ane o the maist influential mosques in Cheenae. The airchitectur o the mosque predominantly reflects that o Arab airchitectur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/Xiguan-Mosque-61.html Xiguan Mosque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727190200/https://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/Xiguan-Mosque-61.html |date=2021-07-27 }} from Muslim2China&lt;/ref&gt;

==Colleges an varsities==
{{Further|Leet o varsities in Cheenae}}

The ceety is the seat o [[Lanzhou Varsity]], foondit in 1909. The Naitional Minorities Institute at Lanzhou an a nummer o scienteefic institutes are locatit thare an aw. In pairticular, [[Northwast Normal Varsity]] haes been the key varsity at the provincial level, which haes prepared ower 100,000 teachers in schuils athort the province Gansu.

===Leet===
''Note: Institutions without full-time [[bachelor's degree]] programs are not listed.''

====Naitional level====
*[[Lanzhou Varsity]], foondit 1909

====Ither public institutions====
*[[Eastern Gansu University]]
*[[Gansu Agricultural University]], foondit 1958
*[[Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine]] (甘肃中医学院)
*[[Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law]] (甘肃政法学院)
*[[Gansu Lianhe University]] (甘肃联合大学)
*[[Gansu Political Science and Law Institute]] (甘肃政法学院)
*[[Institute Of Technology]] (兰州工业学院)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.lzit.edu.cn/ |title=Institute Of Technology official website |access-date=2014-04-09 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124211745/https://www.lzit.edu.cn/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Lanzhou City University]] (兰州城市学院), foondit 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.lzcu.edu.cn/ |title=Lanzhou City University official website |access-date=2014-04-09 |archive-date=2021-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216232954/http://lzcu.edu.cn/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Lanzhou Commercial College]] (兰州商学院) ([[Lanzhou Business Institute]])
*[[Lanzhou Jiaotong University]] (兰州交通大学), foondit 1958
*[[Lanzhou Medical College]] (兰州医学院) ([[Lanzhou Medical Institute]])
*[[Lanzhou Niuroumian Cultural Research Institute]] (兰州牛肉面文化研究所)
*[[Lanzhou University of Technology]], foondit 1919 (formerly Gansu University of Technology)
*[[Northwest Nationalities University]] (西北民族大学)
*[[Northwest Normal University]], foondit 1902
*[[Tianshui Normal University]] (天水师范学院)

==Halthcare==
*[[Lanzhou Hivy Ion Cancer Treatment Centre]], jynt ventur bi Sheng De Group, the ceety govrenment an [[Cheenese Academy o Sciences]]' Institution o Modren Pheesics

Accordin tae the provincial halth bureau, aboot 42,000 fowk dee o cancer ivery year in [[Gansu]], accoontin for 25&amp;nbsp;percent o the province's oweraw daiths. Mair nor 1 billion yuan (146 million U.S. dollars) is spent annually on treatin cancer in the province.

== See an aw ==
* [[Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Cheenae]]
*[[Dunhuang]]
*[[White Pagoda Hill]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons|Lanzhou|Lanzhou}}
*[http://www.lz.gansu.gov.cn/ Lanzhou govrenment wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812105154/http://www.lz.gansu.gov.cn/ |date=2018-08-12 }}
*[http://xinxianghotel.com/maps-lanzhou/ Map o Lanzhou ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306064613/http://www.xinxianghotel.com/maps-lanzhou |date=2016-03-06 }}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Gansu}}
{{Metropolitan ceeties o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}}
{{Maist populous ceeties in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}}
{{Provincial caipitals o Cheenae}}

[[Category:Populatit places alang the Silk Road]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Gansu]]
[[Category:Lanzhou]]
[[Category:Prefectur-level diveesions o Gansu]]
[[Category:Provincial caipitals in Cheenae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pansexuality</title>
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      <text bytes="2354" sha1="o8j8pyan4cxmeav28dew0inrto5c89e" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pansexuality Pride Flag.svg|thumb|200px|The [[pansexual pride banner]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Washington&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://thecenter.wsu.edu/resources/pansexuality/ |title=Gender Identity/Expression and Sexual Orientation Resource Center - Pansexuality |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |location=Pullman, Washington |accessdate=17 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726222011/https://thecenter.wsu.edu/resources/pansexuality/ |archivedate=26 July 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726222011/https://thecenter.wsu.edu/resources/pansexuality/ |date=2014-07-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mashable&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://mashable.com/2014/06/13/lgbt-pride-symbols/ | title=A Storied Glossary of Iconic LGBT Flags and Symbols | date=13 June 2014 | accessdate=17 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GLAAD&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.glaad.org/blog/mashable-publishes-date-compilation-lgbt-flags-and-symbols | title=Mashable publishes an up-to-date compilation of LGBT flags and symbols | work=[[GLAAD]] | date=16 June 2014 | accessdate=17 July 2014 | archive-date=2022-08-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813153306/https://www.glaad.org/blog/mashable-publishes-date-compilation-lgbt-flags-and-symbols | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Pansexuality'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/omnisexual The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language] – Fourth Edition. Retrieved February 9, 2007, from Dictionary.com website&lt;/ref&gt; is [[sexual attraction]],  [[Romance (love)|romantic love]], or emotional attraction taeward fowk o ony [[sex]] or [[gender identity]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mental health&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Mental health issues in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities|last1=Hill|first1=Marjorie J.|last2=Jones |first2=Billy E.|year=2002 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-069-2|page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0NxXRsIfcpgC |accessdate=28 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sex and society&quot;&gt;{{cite book|editor=Marshall Cavendish|title=Sex and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YtsxeWE7VD0C&amp;pg=PA593|accessdate=July 28, 2013|volume=2|year=2010|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|isbn=978-0-7614-7907-9|page=593}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Stub/LGBT}}
[[Category:Sexual orientation]]
[[Category:LGBT]]</text>
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    <title>Gunpouder Plot</title>
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      <text bytes="1219" sha1="cxfkq2832htgrpvyncgththzyuun8tx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox gunpowder plot
|image             = GunpowderPlot.jpg
|caption           = A late 17t or early 18t century report o the plot
|participants      = &lt;small&gt;[[Robert Catesby]], [[John an Christopher Wright|John Wright]], [[Robert an Thomas Wintour|Thomas Wintour]], [[Thomas Percy (Gunpouder Plot)|Thomas Percy]], [[Guy Fawkes]], [[Robert Keyes]], [[Thomas Bates]], [[Robert an Thomas Wintour|Robert Wintour]], [[John an Christopher Wright|Christopher Wright]], [[John Grant (Gunpouder Plot)|John Grant]], [[Ambrose Rookwood]], [[Everard Digby|Sir Everard Digby]] an [[Francis Tresham]]&lt;/small&gt;
|location          = Lunnon, Ingland
|date              = 5 November 1605
|result            = Failur, plotters executit
}}
The '''Gunpouder Plot''' o 1605, in earlier centuries eften cried the '''Gunpouder Traison Plot''' or the '''Jesuit Triason''', wis a failed attempt o butcherin [[James VI an I|Keeng James I o Ingland an VI o Scotland]] bi a group o provincial Inglis [[Catholic Kirk|Catholics]] led bi [[Robert Catesby]].

[[Category:17t century in Lunnon]]
[[Category:Anti-Protestantism]]
[[Category:Gunpouder Plot| ]]
[[Category:Conspiracies]]
[[Category:1605 in Ingland]]
[[Category:Attacks on legislaturs]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kate Beckinsale</title>
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      <text bytes="3836" sha1="pz2mu1q8h1qdgsf0ijv8wkjbus7yl1c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name         = Kate Beckinsale
| image        = Kate Beckinsale 2011 Comic-Con (truer color).jpg
| caption      = Beckinsale at the 2011 [[San Diego Comic-Con International]]
| birth_name   = Kathrin Romany Beckinsale
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|1973|07|26|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Make a wish! Kate Beckinsale celebrates her 43rd birthday in a strapless white jumpsuit as she blows out the candles on a huge chocolate cake at G-A-Y|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-3714297/Make-wish-Kate-Beckinsale-celebrates-43rd-birthday-strapless-white-jumpsuit-blows-candles-huge-chocolate-cake-G-Y.html|accessdate=8 January 2017|work=Daily Mail|agency=Daily Mail|date=29 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place  = [[Chiswick]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland
| occupation   = Actress, model
| years_active = 1991–present
| partner      = [[Michael Sheen]] {{Small|(1995–2003)}}
| spouse       = {{Marriage|[[Len Wiseman]]|2004|2016|reason=div}}
| parents      = [[Richard Beckinsale]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Judy Loe]]
| alma_mater   = [[New College, Oxford]]
| children     = 1 (Lily)
| relatives    = [[Samantha Beckinsale]] (half-sister)
| website      =
}}
'''Kathrin Romany''' &quot;'''Kate'''&quot; '''Beckinsale''' (born 26 Julie 1973) is a British actress.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=British actress Kate Beckinsale |url=http://www.biography.com/people/kate-beckinsale-20702025 |access-date=2017-02-27 |archive-date=2017-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419053807/http://www.biography.com/people/kate-beckinsale-20702025 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter some minor telly roles, she made her film debut in ''[[Much Ado About Nothing (1993 film)|Much Ado About Nothing]]'' (1993) while still a student at  the [[Varsity o Oxford]]. She then appeared in Breetish costume dramas such as ''[[Prince of Jutland]]'' (1994), ''[[Cold Comfort Farm (film)|Cold Comfort Farm]]'' (1995), ''[[Emma (1996 TV film)|Emma]]'' (1996), an ''[[The Golden Bowl (film)|The Golden Bowl]]'' (2000), in addeetion tae various stage an radio productions. She began tae seek film wirk in the Unitit States in the late 1990s an, efter appearin in smaw-scale dramas ''[[The Last Days of Disco]]'' (1998) an ''[[Brokedown Palace]]'' (1999), she haed starnin roles in the war drama ''[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]]'' an the romantic comedy ''[[Serendipity (film)|Serendipity]]''. She follaed thae wi appearances in ''[[The Aviator (2004 film)|The Aviator]]'' (2004) an ''[[Click (2006 film)|Click]]'' (2006).

Syne bein cast as [[Selene (Underworld)|Selene]] in the [[Underworld (film series)|''Underworld'' film series]] (2003-present), Beckinsale haes acome kent primarily for her wirk in action films, includin ''[[Van Helsing (film)|Van Helsing]]'' (2004), ''[[Whiteout (2009 film)|Whiteout]]'' (2009), ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'' (2012), an ''[[Total Recall (2012 film)|Total Recall]]'' (2012). She an aa continues tae mak appearances in smawer dramatic projects such as ''[[Snow Angels (film)|Snow Angels]]'' (2007), ''[[Nothing but the Truth (2008 American film)|Nothing but the Truth]]'' (2008), an ''[[Everybody's Fine (2009 film)|Everybody's Fine]]'' (2009). In 2016, she appeared in [[Whit Stillman]]'s [[Jane Austen]] comedy ''[[Love &amp; Friendship]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beckinsale, Kate}}
[[Category:Actresses frae Lunnon]]
[[Category:Alumni o New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Inglis expatriates in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Inglis film actresses]]
[[Category:Inglis fowk o Burmese strynd]]
[[Category:Inglis televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Godolphin and Latymer School]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Finsbury Park]]
[[Category:20t-century Inglis actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Inglis actresses]]
[[Category:1973 births]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>El Niño</title>
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      <text bytes="1422" sha1="da92zrhu47m75rg6u4132bh0uzbl55k" xml:space="preserve">[[File:1997 El Nino TOPEX.jpg|thumb|The 1997–98 El Niño observed bi [[TOPEX/Poseidon]]. The white auries indicate the puil o wairm watter off the Tropical Wastren coasts o northren Sooth an aw Central Americae as well as alang the Central-eastren equatorial an Sootheastren Paceefic Ocean.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/releases/97/elninoup.html | title = Independent NASA Satellite Measurements Confirm El Niño is Back and Strong | publisher = [[NASA]]/[[JPL]] | access-date = 2017-03-23 | archive-date = 2017-02-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170219015134/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/releases/97/elninoup.html | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''El Niño''' ({{IPA-es|el ˈniɲo}}) is the wairm phase o the [[El Niño Soothren Oscillation]] (commonly cried ENSO) an is associatit wi a baund o wairm ocean watter that develops in  the central an east-central equatorial [[Paceefic Ocean|Paceefic]] (atween approximately the [[Internaitional Date Line]] an 120°W), includin off the Paceefic coast o [[Sooth Americae]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:El Nino-Southern Oscillation}}
[[Category:Tropical meteorology]]
[[Category:Pheesical oceanografie]]
[[Category:Naitural history o Americae]]
[[Category:Naitural history o Oceania]]
[[Category:Effects o global wairmin]]
[[Category:Climate patterns]]
[[Category:Wather hazards]]
[[Category:Spaingie wirds an phrases]]</text>
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        <username>Black men are hot</username>
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      <text bytes="56142" sha1="65717htomnps52fkakfd6sm1klq5uc1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Black Male Human Penis (Erect).jpg|thumb]]

{{Infobox ethnic group|group=Scots Americans &lt;br /&gt; ''Ameireaganaich Albannach''|pop='''Scottish Americans'''&lt;br /&gt;20–25 million&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy&quot;&gt;James McCarthy and Euan Hague, 'Race, Nation, and Nature: The Cultural Politics of &quot;Celtic&quot; Identification in the American West', ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'', Volume 94 Issue 2 (5 Nov 2004), p. 392, citing J. Hewitson, ''Tam Blake and Co.: The Story of the Scots in America'' (Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 1993).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotlandnow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow/issue-07/arts/tartan-day.html|title=Tartan Day 2007|date=2012-04-15|work=Scotland Now, Issue 7 (March 2007) via internet archive|access-date=2021-12-22|archive-date=2012-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415205446/http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow/issue-07/arts/tartan-day.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SPOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk//business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-02/sor0911-02.htm |title=Scottish Parliament: Official Report, 11 September 2002, Col. 13525 |publisher=Scottish.parliament.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807041559/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk//business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-02/sor0911-02.htm |archivedate=7 August 2011 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SPEERCA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/europe/papers-04/eup04-20.pdf |title=Scottish Parliament: European and External Relations Committee Agenda, 20th Meeting 2004 (Session 2), 30 November 2004, EU/S2/04/20/1 |publisher=Scottish.parliament.uk |date=2011-08-14 |accessdate=2012-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605215530/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/europe/papers-04/eup04-20.pdf |archivedate=5 June 2011 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Up to 8.3% of the U.S. population'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'''Scotch-Irish Americans'''&lt;br /&gt;27–30 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BFFF&quot;&gt;James Webb, ''Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America'' (New York: Broadway Books, 2004), front flap: 'More than 27 million Americans today can trace their lineage to the Scots, whose bloodline was stained by centuries of continuous warfare along the border between England and Scotland, and later in the bitter settlements of England's Ulster Plantation in Northern Ireland.' {{ISBN|0-7679-1688-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Secret&quot;&gt;James Webb, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109814129391148708 Secret GOP Weapon: The Scots Irish Vote], ''Wall Street Journal'' (23 October 2004). Accessed 7 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Up to 10% of the U.S. population'''&lt;br /&gt;'''5,310,285''' (2013 ACS) Scottish&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;United States Census Bureau&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported   2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&amp;prodType=table|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;|popplace=Predominantly in [[New England]], [[Appalachia]] an the [[Deep South]]

Plurality in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[West Virginia]], [[Idaho]], [[North Carolina]], [[Florida]] an [[Pennsylvania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scots-Irish Americans&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Scottish-and-Scotch-Irish-Americans.html|title=Scottish and scotch-irish americans|first=Mary A.|last=Hess|work=www.everyculture.com|access-date=25 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;|langs=[[English language|English]] &lt;small&gt;([[American English|American English dialects]])&lt;/small&gt; 
[[Scottish Gaelic]] an [[Scots language|Scots]] speaking minorities|rels=[[Christianity]] (including [[Presbyterianism]], [[Baptist]], [[Pentecostalism]], [[Methodist]], [[Protestantism]] an [[Roman Catholicism]]), ither releegions (including [[deism]]&lt;ref&gt;Church, College, and Clergy, Page 76, Brian J. Fraser - 1995&lt;/ref&gt;)|related=[[Scotch-Erse Americans]], [[Inglis Americans]], [[Irish Americans]], [[Welsh Americans]], [[Breetish Americans]], [[Scots Canadians]], [[Scotch-Erse Canadians]], [[Scots Australians]]}}'''Scots Americans''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Ameireaganaich Albannach''; {{Lang-sco|Scots-American}}) are [[Americans]] whase ancestry oreeginates halely or pairtly in [[Scotland]]. [[Scots fowk|Scots]] Americans are closely relatit tae [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scotch-Erse Americans]], descendants o [[Ulster-Scots fowk|Ulster Scots]], an communities emphasize an handsel a common heritage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_a&quot;&gt;Celeste Ray, 'Introduction', p. 6, id., 'Scottish Immigration and  Ethnic Organization in the United States', pp. 48-9, 62, 81, in id. (ed.), ''The Transatlantic Scots'' (Tuscaloosa, AL:[[University of Alabama Press]], 2005).&lt;/ref&gt; The majority o Scotch-Erse Americans oreeginally cam frae Lawland Scotland an Northren Ingland afore migrating tae the province o [[Ulster]] in [[Ireland]] (see ''[[Plantation of Ulster|Plantation o Ulster]]'')  an thance, beginnin aboot five [[generation]]s later, tae North Americae in lairge nummers in the aichteent century.

Lairge-scale emigration frae Scotland tae Americae began in the 1700s, accelerating efter the [[Jacobite risin o 1745]], the resultin breakup o the clan structurs, an the [[Hieland Clearances]]. Displaced Scots gaed in sairch o a better life an sattled in the thirteen colonies, ineetially aroond [[Sooth Carolina]] an [[Virginie|Virginia]], an then faur in successive generations.{{cn}}

== Nummer o Scots Americans ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nummer o Scots Americans
|-
!Year
!Ref.
!Population
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |% o the Unitit States population
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1980
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10,048,816
|align=right|4.44
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,393,581
|align=right|2.2
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|4,890,581
|align=right|1.7
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2010
|&lt;ref name=&quot;factfinder.census.gov&quot;&gt;[http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&amp;prodType=table &quot;Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates&quot;.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212222747/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&amp;prodType=table |date=2020-02-12 }} United States Census Bureau&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,460,679
|align=right|3.1
|-
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nummer o Scotch-Erse Americans
|-
!Year
!Ref.
!Population
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |% o the Unitit States population
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1980
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|16,418
|align=right|0.007
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|5,617,773
|align=right|2.3
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|4,319,232
|align=right|1.5
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2010
|&lt;ref name=&quot;factfinder.census.gov&quot; /&gt;
|3,257,161
|align=right|1.9
|-				
|}

== Colonial period 1700 - 1775 ==
Accordin tae the Unitit States Historical Census Data Base (USHCDB), the ethnic populations in the Breetish American Colonies o 1700, 1755 an 1775 war:

{| class=&quot;sort wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ethnic mak up in the Breetish American Colonies o 1700{{•}}1755{{•}}1775 &lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |1700
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |Percent
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |1755
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |Percent
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |1775
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |Percent
|-
|[[Inglis fowk|Inglis]] an [[Welsh American|Welsh]]
|80.0%
|Inglis an Welsh
|52.0%
|Inglis
|48.7%
|-
|[[African Americans|African]]
|11.0%
|African
|20.0%
|African
|20.0%
|-
|[[Dutch fowk|Dutch]]
|4.0%
|German
|7.0%
|'''Scots-Erse'''
|'''7.8%'''
|-
|'''[[Scottish American|Scots]]'''
|'''3.0%'''
|'''[[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Erse]]'''
|'''7.0%'''
|[[German American|German]]
|6.9%
|-
|Ither European
|2.0%
|[[Irish American|Erse]]
|5.0%
|'''Scots'''
|'''6.6%'''
|-
|
|
|'''Scots'''
|'''4.0%'''
|Dutch
|2.7%
|-
|
|
|Dutch
|3.0%
|[[French American|French]]
|1.4%
|-
|
|
|Ither European
|2.0%
|[[Swedish American|Swades]]
|0.6%
|-
|
|
|
|
|Ither
|5.3%
|- bgcolor=&quot;lightgrey&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
![[File:Union_flag_1606_(Kings_Colors).svg|border|25x25px]] Colonies
!100%
![[File:Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_(1707-1800).svg|border|25x25px]] Colonies
!100%
![[File:Grand_Union_Flag.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Thirteen Colonies]]
!100%
|-
|}

=== Census ===
The nummer o Americans o Scots strynd the day is estimatit tae be 20 tae 25 million (up tae 8.3% o the tot US population), an Scotch-Erse 27 tae 30 million (up tae 10% o the tot US population), the subgroups owerlapping an no aye distinguishable acause o thair skared ancestral [[surname]]s.{{cn}}

The majority o Scotch-Erse Americans oreeginally cam frae Lawland Scotland an Northren Ingland afore migrating tae the province o [[Ulster]] in [[Ireland]] (see ''[[Plantation of Ulster|Plantation o Ulster]]'')  an thance, beginnin aboot five [[generation]]s later, tae North Americae in lairge nummers in the aichteent century.{{cn}}

The table shaws the ethnic Scots population in the Unitit States frae 1700 tae 2013. In 1700 the tot population o the American colonies wis 250,888, o that 223,071 (89%) war white an 3.0% war ethnically Scots.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Colonial America To 1763&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=BZRJSx3uMYEC&amp;pg=PA128&amp;lpg=PA128&amp;dq=united+states+1700+223,071&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=afB35FaHOv&amp;sig=tGL9u-SAvrR8gB3Dh_5gFl2roPo&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwBGoVChMIq43C-ZK4xwIVZBfbCh1HXgs9#v=onepage&amp;q=united%20states%201700%20223%2C071&amp;f=false Colonial America To 1763] By Thomas L. Purvis].&lt;/ref&gt;
In the 2000 census, 4.8 million Americans&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt; sel-reportit Scots ancestry, 1.7% o the tot US population. Anither 4.3 million sel-reportit [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Erse]] ancestry, for a tot o 9.2 million Americans sel-reportin some kynd o Scots strynd.

Sel-reportit nummers are regairdit bi demographers as muckle unner-coonts, acause Scots ancestry is kent tae be disproportionately unner-reportit amang the majority o mixed ancestry,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_y&quot;&gt;Mary C. Walters, ''Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 31-6.&lt;/ref&gt; an acause aries whaur fowk reportit &quot;American&quot; ancestry war the places whaur, historically, Scots an Scotch-Erse [[Protestantism|Protestants]] sattled in [[North Americae|Americae]] (that is: alang the North American coast, [[Appalachia]], an the Sootheastren [[Unitit States]]). Scots Americans descended frae nineteent-century Scots emigrants tend tae be concentrated in the Wast, while mony in [[New Ingland]] are the descendants o emigrants, eften Gaelic-speakin, frae the [[Maritime Provinces]] o [[Canadae]], frae the 1880s onwart.
Americans o Scots strynd ootnummer the population o Scotland, whaur 4,459,071 or 88.09% o fowk identified as ethnic Scots in the 2001 Census.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Scots Americans bi state ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:87%;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Confeerance atween the 1790 an 2000 census
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |1790 estimates&lt;ref name=&quot;The Source: Gen&quot;&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |2000 Census&lt;ref name=&quot;The Source: Gen&quot; /&gt;
|-
!Ancestry
!Nummer
!% o tot
!Ancestry
!Nummer
!% o tot
|-
|Inglis
|1,900,000
|47.5
|German
|42,885,162
|15.2
|-
|[[African Americans|African]]
|750,000
|19.0
|African
|36,419,434
|12.9
|-
|'''Scotch-Erse'''
|'''320,000'''
|'''8.0'''
|Erse
|30,594,130
|10.9
|-
|[[German American|German]]
|280,000
|7.0
|Inglis
|24,515,138
|8.7
|-
|[[Erse fowk|Erse]]
|200,000
|5.0
|[[Mexican American|Mexican]]
|20,640,711
|7.3
|-
|[[Scots fowk|Scots]]
|'''160,000'''
|'''4.0'''
|[[Italian American|Italian]]
|15,723,555
|5.6
|-
|Welsh
|120,000
|3.0
|French
|10,846,018
|3.9
|-
|[[Dutch American|Dutch]]
|100,000
|2.5
|[[Hispanic an Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|10,017,244
|3.6
|-
|[[French American|French]]
|80,000
|2.0
|[[Polish American|Pols]]
|8,977,444
|3.2
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|50,000
|1.0
|'''Scots'''
|'''4,890,581'''
|'''1.7'''
|-
|[[Spanish American|Spaingie]]
|20,000
|0.5
|Dutch
|4,542,494
|1.6
|-
|[[Swedish American|Swades]] &lt;small&gt;or Ither&lt;/small&gt;
|20,000
|0.5
|[[Norwegian American|Norse]]
|4,477,725
|1.6
|-
|
|
|
|'''Scotch-Erse'''
|'''4,319,232'''
|'''1.5'''
|-
|[[British Americans|Breetish]] (Tot)
|2,500,000
|62.5
|Breetish (Tot)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|36,564,465
|12.9
|-
|- bgcolor=&quot;lightgrey&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|'''{{Flagcountry|USA}}'''
|3,929,326 &lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|100
|'''{{Flagcountry|USA}}'''
|281,421,906
|100
|}
The states wi the laigest [[Scots fowk|Scots]] populations:&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;

* [[Californie]] - 519,955 (1.4% o state population)
* [[Texas]] - 369,161      (1.5%)
* [[Florida]] - 296,667    (1.6%)
* [[North Carolina]] - 245,021 (2.6%)
* [[Michigan]] - 227,372   (2.3%)
* [[New York]] - 215,898 (1.1%)
* [[Ohio]] - 214,649 (1.9%)
* [[Washington (state)|Washington]] - 200,085 (3.0%)

The states wi the tap percentages o Scots residents:

* [[Maine]]   (5.5% o state population)
* [[Utah]]    (4.6%)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4.4%)
* [[Vermont]] (4.3%)
* [[Wyoming]] (3.7%)
* [[Idaho]] (3.3%)
* [[Oregon]], [[Montana]] (3.1% each)
* [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (3.0%)

== Historical contreibutions ==

=== Explorers ===
The first Scots in [[North Americae]] cam wi the [[Vikings]]. A Christian [[bard]] frae the [[Hebrides]] accompanied [[Bjarni Herjolfsson]] on his vaige aroond [[Greenland]] in 985/6 whit sichted the mainland tae the wast.&lt;ref&gt;''Grænlendinga Saga'' (c. 1190), 2, tr. Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson, in ''The Vinland Sagas'' (Penguin: Harmondsworth, Middx, 1965), pp. 51-2, 107.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_c&quot;&gt;Michael Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'' (New York: Thomas Dunne, 2005), p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first Scots recorded as haein set fit in the [[New Warld]] war a man named Haki an a woman named Hekja, sclaves awned bi [[Leif Ericsson|Leif Eiriksson]]. The Scots couple war runners wha scooted for [[Thorfinn Karlsefni]]'s expedeetion in c. 1010, gaithering [[wheat]] an the [[grape]]s for whit [[Vinland]] wis named.&lt;ref&gt;''Eirik's Saga'' (c. 1260), 8, tr. Magnusson and Palsson, in ''Vinland Sagas'', pp. 95, 109.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_d&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;

The controversial [[Zeno brothers|Zeno letters]] hae been ceeted in defence o a claim that [[Henry I Sinclair, Yerl o Orkney|Henry Sinclair, Yerl o Orkney]], veesited [[Nova Scotia]] in 1398.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_e&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 10.&lt;/ref&gt;

In the early years o [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spaingie colonisation o the Americaes]], a Scot named Tam Blake spent 20 years in [[Colombie]] an [[Mexico]]. He teuk pairt in the conquest o [[New Kingdom of Granada|New Granada]] in 1532 wi [[Pedro de Heredia#Inland Expeditions and Trials of Residence|Alonso de Heredia]]. He arrived in Mexico in 1534-5, an jyned [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado|Coronado]]'s 1540 expedeetion tae the [[Southwestern United States|American Southwast]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hewitson&quot;&gt;Jim Hewitson, ''Tam Blake &amp; Co.: The Story of the Scots in America'' (Edinburgh: Orion, 1993), pp. 12-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_f&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Scots-American naturalist [[John Muir]] is mebbe best kent for his exploration o Californie's Sierra Nevada muntains in the 19t century.{{cn}}

=== Tredders ===
[[File:James_VI_and_I.jpg|thumb|[[James VI, Keeng o Scots|James VI an I]], c. 1604]]
[[File:The_Americas_in_the_reign_of_James_I.jpg|thumb|The [[Americae]]s in the ring o James VI, 1619]]
Efter the [[Union o the Crouns]] o [[Scotland]] an [[Ingland]] in 1603, [[James VI, Keeng o Scots|Keeng James VI]], a Scot, promuived jynt expedeetions owerseas, an became the founder o [[British America|Inglis America]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_g&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt; The first permanent Inglis sattlement in the Americaes, [[Jamestown, Virginie|Jamestown]], wis sicweys named for a Scot.

The earliest Scots communities in Americae war firmed bi tredders an [[Plantation economy|planters]] raither than fermer sattlers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 19&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 19.&lt;/ref&gt; The hub o Scots commercial acteevity in the colonial period wis [[Virginie]]. Regular contacts began wi the [[Penal transportation|transportation]] o [[indentured servants]] tae the colony frae Scotland, includin preesoners takken in the [[Wars o the Three Kinricks]].&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;Alex Murdoch, &quot;USA&quot;, Michael Lynch (ed), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'' (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 629-633.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi the 1670s [[Glesga]] wis the main ootlet for Virginian [[tabaccae]], in open defiance o Inglis [[Navigation Acts|restrictions on colonial tred]]; in return the colony received Scots manufactured guids, emigrants an ideas.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_h&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 18, 19.&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1670s an 1680s [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] [[Dissenter]]s fled persecution bi the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] [[Privy Cooncil o Scotland|privy cooncil]] in [[Edinburgh]] tae sattle in [[Sooth Carolina|South Carolina]] an [[New Jersey]], whaur thay kept thair distinctive releegious cultur.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;

Tred atween Scotland an the American colonies wis finally regularized bi the parliamentary [[Acts o Union 1707|Act o Union]] o Scotland an Ingland in 1707. [[Demografie o Scotland|Population growthe]] an the [[Hieland Clearances|commercialization o agricultur]] in Scotland encouraged mass emigration tae Americae efter the [[French and Indian War|French an Indian War]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 20&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt; a fecht whit haed awso seen the first uise o [[Scottish regiment|Scots Hieland regiments]] as Indian fechters.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt;

Mair nor 50,000 Scots, principally frae the wast coast,&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; sattled in the [[Thirteen Colonies]] atween 1763 an 1776, the majority o thir in thair awn communities in the [[Soothren Unitit States|South]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 20&quot;/&gt; especially [[North Carolina]], awtho Scots individuals an families awso began tae appear as professionals an artisans in every American toun.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt; Scots arrivin in [[Florida]] an the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]] tredded extensively wi [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_i&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 41.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fowk an gospel music ===
American [[Bluegrass music|bluegrass]] an [[American folk music|fowk music]] styles hae some o thair roots in the Appalachian ballad cultur o Scotch-Erse Americans (predominantly originating frae the &quot;Border Ballad&quot; tradeetion o soothren Scotland an northren Ingland). Fiddle tunes frae the Scots repertoire, as thay developit in the aichteent century, an spread rapidly intae British colonies, awtho whiles throu the medium o prent raither than aurally. Ootside o Gaelic-speakin communities, houiver, characteristic Hieland muisical idioms, sic as the “Scotch-snap,”&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; war flattened oot an assimilated intae anglophone muisical styles.

Some African American communities war influenced muisically bi the Scots American communities in whit thay war embedded. Psalm-singing an gospel music hae acome central muisical experiences for African American churchgoers an some elements o thir styles war introduced, in thir communities, bi Scots (awtho thay war awso mair widespread at this time).&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; psalm-singing, or &quot;[[precenting the line]]&quot; as it is technically kent, in whit the psalms are cawed oot an the congregation sings a response, wis a form o muisical worship initially developit for non-literate congregations an Africans in America war exposed tae this bi Scots Gaelic sattlers as weel as immigrants o ither origins.

The first foreign leid spoken bi some sclaves in Americae wis [[Scots Gaelic]] picked up frae Gaelic-speakin immigrants frae the Scots Hielands an Wastren Isles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; Thare are accounts o African Americans singing Gaelic sangs an playin Scots Gaelic music on bagpipes an fiddle.

=== Patriots an Loyalists ===
The ceevic tradeetion o the [[Scots Enlichtment|Scots Enlichtenment]] contreebuted tae the intellectual ferment o the [[American Revolution]].&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; In 1740, the Glesga philosopher [[Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)|Francis Hutcheson]] argued for a richt o colonial resistance tae tyranny.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_j&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 28-29.&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland's leadin thinkers o the revolutionary age, [[David Hume]] an [[Adam Smith]], opposed the uise o force against the rebellious colonies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_k&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 29-32.&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae the historian [[Arthur Herman]]: &quot;Americans built thair warld aroond the principles o Adam Smith an [[Thomas Reid]], o individual interest governed bi common sense an a limited need for govrenment.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_l&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 154.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nineteen o the fifty-sax delegates wha signed the [[Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom|Declaration o Independence]] cam frae Scotland or Ulster or, lik the Scots-tutored [[Thomas Jefferson]], haed ancestors thare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_m&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 32-38.&lt;/ref&gt; Ither [[Founding fathers|funding faithers]] lik [[James Madison]] haed nae ancestral connection but war imbued wi ideas drawn frae Scots moral philosophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_n&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 38-40.&lt;/ref&gt; Scots Americans wha made major contreibutions tae the revolutionary war included Commodore [[John Paul Jones]], the &quot;Faither o the American Navy&quot;, an Generals [[Henry Knox]] an [[William Alexander (American general)|William Alexander]]. Anither person o note wis a personal friend o George Washington, General [[Hugh Mercer]], wha fecht for [[Charles Edward Stuart]] at the [[Battle o Culloden]].

The Scotch-Erse, wha haed already begun tae sattle beyond the [[Proclamation Line]] in the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] an [[Tennessee Valley]]s, war drawn intae rebellion as war spread tae the frontier.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_o&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 13, 23.&lt;/ref&gt; Tobacco plantations an independent ferms in the backcountry o Virginie, [[Maryland]] an the [[Carolinas]] haed been financed wi Scots credit, an indebtedness wis an additional incentive for separation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 19&quot;/&gt;

Maist Scots Americans haed commercial ties wi the auld kintra or [[Scots clan|clan]] allegiances an steyed true tae [[the Crown]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_p&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 13, 24-26.&lt;/ref&gt; The Scots Hieland communities o [[upstate New York]] an the [[Cape Fear (region)|Cape Fear]] valley o North Carolina war centers o [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] resistance.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; A wee force o Loyalist [[Scots Hielands|Hielanders]] fell at the [[Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge|Battle o Moore's Creek Bridge]] in 1776. Scotch-Erse [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]] defeatit Scots American Loyalists in the [[Battle of Kings Mountain|Battle o Kings Mountain]] in 1780.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_q&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt; Mony Scots American Loyalists emigrated tae Canadae efter the war.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;

=== Uncle Sam ===
[[File:Unclesamwantyou.jpg|thumb|[[Uncle Sam|&quot;Uncle Sam&quot; Wilson]] wis based on  [[Samuel Wilson]].]]
[[Uncle Sam]] is the [[national personification]] o the [[Unitit States]], an whiles mair specifically o the [[Federal govrenment o the Unitit States|American govrenment]], wi the first uise o the term datin frae the [[War o 1812]].
Uncle Sam wis based on a businessman frae [[Troy, New York]], [[Samuel Wilson]], whase parents sailed tae Americae frae [[Greenock]], [[Scotland]]. He providit the airmy wi beef an pork in barrels during the War o 1812. The barrels war prominently labeled &quot;U.S.&quot; for the Unitit States, but it wis jokingly said that the letters stood for &quot;Uncle Sam.&quot; Suin, Uncle Sam wis uised as shorthand for the federal govrenment.

=== Emigrants an free tredders ===
Tred wi Scotland continued tae flourish efter unthirldom. The tobacco tred wis owertaken in the nineteent century bi the [[cotton]] tred, wi Glesga factories exporting the finished textiles back tae the Unitit States on an industrial scale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_r&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 19, 41.&lt;/ref&gt;

Emigration frae Scotland peaked in the nineteent century, when mair nor a million Scots left for the Unitit States,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_s&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 193.&lt;/ref&gt; takkin advantage o the regular Atlantic steam-age shipping industry whit wis itsel lairgely a Scots creation,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_t&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 194.&lt;/ref&gt; contributing tae a revolution in transatlantic communication.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt;

Scots emigration tae the Unitit States followed, tae a lesser extent, during the twintiet century, when  Scots hivy industry declined.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_u&quot;&gt;Evans, Nicholas J., 'The Emigration of Skilled Male Workers from Clydeside during the Interwar Period', ''International Journal of Maritime History'', Volume XVIII, Number 1 (2006), pp. 255-280.&lt;/ref&gt; This new wave peaked in the first decade o the twintiet century, contributing tae a haurd life for mony wha remained behind. Mony qualified workers emigrated owerseas, a pairt o whit, estaiblished in Canadae, later gaed on tae the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;everyculture&quot;&gt;[http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Scottish-and-Scots-Irish-Americans.html Everyculture:Scottish American]{{Dead link|date=May 2018}}. Posted by Mary A. Hess. Retrieved January 3, 2012, to 1:25 pm.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Writers ===
In the nineteent century, American authors an educators adoptit Scotland as a model for cultural unthirldom.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; In the warld o letters, Scots literary icons [[James Macpherson]], [[Robert Burns]], [[Walter Scott]], an [[Thomas Carlyle]] haed a mass follaein in the Unitit States, an Scots [[Romanticism]] exerted a seminal influence on the development o American leeteratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt; The warks o [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] an [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] bear its pouerful impression. Amang the maist weel-kent Scots American writers o the nineteent century war [[Washington Irving]], [[James Fenimore Cooper]], [[Edgar Allan Poe]] an [[Herman Melville]].  Poet [[James Mackintosh Kennedy]] wis cawed tae Scotland tae deliver the offeecial poem for the 600th anniversary o the [[Battle o Bannockburn]] in 1914.

In the twintiet century, [[Margaret Mitchell]]'s ''[[Gane wi the Wind|Gane Wi the Wind]]'' wis a lairge pairt o popular leeteratur. [[William Faulkner]] won the [[Nobel Prize in Leeteratur]] in 1949.

Thare hae been a nummer o weel-kent [[Scots Gaelic]] poets active in the Unitit States syne the aichteent century,&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; includin [[Aonghas MacAoidh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt; an [[Domhnall Aonghas Stiùbhart]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt; Ane o the few relics o Gaelic leeteratur componed in the Unitit States is a lullaby componed bi an anonymous wumman in the Carolinas during the American Revolutionary War.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; It remains popular tae this day in Scotland.

Mair nor 160,000 Scots emigrants migrated tae the U.S. American statesmen o Scots strynd in the early Republic included [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary o the Treasury]] [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[United States Secretary of War|Secretary o War]] [[Henry Knox]], an [[Preses o the Unitit States|Preses]] [[James Monroe]]. [[Andrew Jackson]] an [[James K. Polk]] war whit we nou caw  Scotch-Erse preses an products o the frontier in the period o [[History of the United States (1789–1849)#Westward expansion|Wastward expansion]]. Amang the maist famous Scots American soldier frontiersmen wis [[Sam Houston]], funding faither o [[Texas]].

Ither Scotch-Erse preses included [[James Buchanan]], [[Andrew Johnson]], [[Chester A. Arthur|Chester Alan Arthur]], [[William McKinley]] an [[Richard Nixon|Richard M. Nixon]]. [[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (throu his mither), [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], an [[Ronald Reagan]] war o Scots strynd.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_v&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 53.&lt;/ref&gt; Bi ane estimate, 75% o U.S. preses coud claim some Scots ancestry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_w&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 60-61.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Samuel_houston.jpg|thumb|[[Sam Houston]] wis Scotch-Erse ([[Ulster-Scots fowk|Ulster Scots]]) strynd, an namesake for the ceety o [[Houston]], Texas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haley&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=y3uHDkltcIQC&amp;pg=PA5&amp;dq=sam+houston+scotland&amp;cd=1# James L. Haley, ''Sam Houston''], Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Scots Americans fecht on baith sides o the [[American Ceevil War|Civil War]], an a monument tae thair memory wis erected in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, in 1893. [[Winfield Scott]], Grant, [[Joseph E. Johnston]], [[Irvin McDowell]], [[James B. McPherson]], [[Jeb Stuart]] an [[John B. Gordon]] war o Scots strynd, [[George B. McClellan]] an [[Stonewall Jackson]] Scotch-Erse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_x&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 53, 72.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Douglas MacArthur]] an [[George Marshall]] uphauldit the martial tradeetion in the twintiet century. [[Grace Hopper|Grace Murray Hopper]], a [[rear admiral]] an [[computer scientist]], wis the auldest officer an hiest-rankin wumman in the U.S. airmed forces on her retirement at the age o 80 in 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 219-220.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Isabella Cannon]], the umwhile [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Mayor o]] [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], wis the first female mayor o a U.S. state caipital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Automakers ===
The Scots-born [[Alexander Winton]] biggit ane o the first American [[automobile]]s in 1896, an specialised in [[motor racin]]. He breuk the warld speed record in 1900.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 221.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1903, he wis the first man tae drive cross the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot; /&gt; [[David Dunbar Buick]], anither Scots emigrant, fundit [[Buick]] in 1903.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot; /&gt; The Scots-born William Blackie transfirmed the [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar Tractor Company]] intae a lairge multinational corporation.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot; /&gt;

=== Motorcycle manufacturer ===
[[File:Harley_Davidson_founders.jpg|thumb|Clockwise tap left: William S. Harley, William A. Davidson, Walter Davidson, Sr., Arthur Davidson]]
[[Harley-Davidson]] Inc&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;  (formerly HDI&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;/&gt;), eften abbreviated  &quot;H-D&quot; or &quot;Harley&quot;, is an American [[motorcycle]] manufacturer. The Davidson brithers war the sons o William C Davidson  (1846-1923) wha wis born an grew up in [[Angus|Angus, Scotland]], an Margaret Adams McFarlane (1843-1933) o Scots strynd frae the wee Scots hame o [[Cambridge, Wisconsin]]. Thay raised five bairns thegither: Janet May, William A., [[Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)|Walter]], Arthur an Elizabeth.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;

=== Aviation ===
Scots Americans hae makt a major contreibution tae the US [[aircraft industry]]. [[Alexander Graham Bell]], in pairtnership wi [[Samuel Pierpont Langley]], biggit the first machine capable o flicht, the [[Aviation history#Langley|Bell-Langley aeroplane]], in 1903.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 221-223.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] wis stairtit bi twa brithers, [[Allan Loughead|Allan]] an [[Malcolm Loughead]], in 1926.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt; [[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas]] wis fundit bi [[Donald Wills Douglas, Sr.]] in 1921; he lenched the warld's first commercial passenger plane, the [[DC-3]], in 1935.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt; [[McDonnell Aircraft]] wis fundit bi [[James Smith McDonnell]], in 1939, an became famous for its meelitary [[Jet aircraft|jets]].&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt; In 1967, McDonnell an Douglas [[McDonnell Douglas|merged]] an jyntly developit jet aircraft, [[missile]]s an [[spacecraft]].&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt;

=== Spaceflicht ===
Scots Americans war pioneers in [[Human spaceflight|human spaceflicht]]. The [[Project Mercury|Mercury]] an [[Project Gemini|Gemini]] capsules war biggit bi James Smith McDonnell.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot;/&gt; The first American in space, [[Alan Shepard]], the first American in orbit, [[John Glenn]], an the first man tae flee free in space, [[Bruce McCandless II]], war Scots Americans.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt;

The first men on the muin, [[Neil Armstrong]] an [[Buzz Aldrin]], war awso o Scots strynd; Armstrong wore a [[kilt]] in a parade throu his ancestral home o [[Langholm]] in the [[The Mairches|Scots Mairches]] in 1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot;/&gt; Ither Scots American muinwalkers war the fowert, [[Alan Bean]], the fift, Alan Shepard, the seivent, [[David Scott]] (awso the first tae drive on the muin), an the aicht, [[James Irwin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt;

=== Computing ===
Scots Americans hae awso been leaders in [[computin]]g an [[information technology]].

Scots Americans [[Howard Aiken]] an [[Grace Hopper|Grace Murray Hopper]] makt the first automatic sequence computer in 1939.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;/&gt; Hopper wis awso the co-inventor o the [[Computer language|computer leid]] [[COBOL]].&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot; /&gt;

[[Ross Perot]], anither Scots American entrepreneur, makt his fortune frae [[Electronic Data Systems]], an [[Outsourcing|ootsoorcing]] company he estaiblished in 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;/&gt;

Software giant [[Microsoft]] wis co-fundit in 1975 bi [[Bill Gates]], wha owed his stairt in pairt tae his mither, the Scots American businesswumman [[Mary Maxwell Gates]], wha helped her son tae get his first software contract wi IBM.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;/&gt; Glesga-born Microsoft employee Richard Tait helped develop the ''[[Encarta]]'' encyclopedia an co-creatit the popular [[Buird gemme|buird game]] [[Cranium (board game)|Cranium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot; /&gt;

=== Cuisine ===
Scots Americans hae helped tae define the modren American diet bi introducing mony distinctive foods.{{cn}}

[[Fried chicken]] wis introduced intae the [[Southern Colonies|Soothren Colonies]] bi Scots sattlers. [[Philip Danforth Armour]] fundit [[Armour and Company|Armour Meats]] in 1867, revolutionizing the American meatpacking industry an acomin famous for [[hot dogs]]. [[Campbell Soups]] wis fundit in 1869 bi Joseph A. Campbell an rapidly grew intae a major manufacturer o [[Soup|canned soups]]. [[Will Keith Kellogg|W. K. Kellogg]] transformed American eatin habits frae 1906 bi popularizing [[Breakfast cereal|brakfast cereal]]. [[Glen Bell]], funder o [[Taco Bell]] in 1962, introduced [[Tex-Mex]] fuid tae a mainstream audience.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/04/23/150886690/the-california-taco-trail-how-mexican-food-conquered-america The California Taco Trail], NPR (April 26, 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; Marketing executive [[Arch West]], born tae Scots emigrant parents, developit [[Doritos]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Community activities ==
Some o the followin aspects o Scots cultur can still be foond in some pairts o the US.

* [[Bagpipe|Bagpiping]] an pipe bands
* [[Burns supper|Burns Supper]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ceilidhs
* [[Hogmanay]], the Scots [[New Year]]
* [[St Andra's Day|St. Andrew's Day]] festivities
* [[Tartan]] - some places in the US hae thair awn tartan, an Scots dress is worn bi some Americans tae celebrate thair ancestral heritage.

=== Tartan Day ===
[[File:MHPB_New_York.jpg|left|thumb|[[Tartan Day]] parade in New York Ceety]]
[[Tartan Day|National Tartan Day]], hauldit each year on Apryle 6 in the [[Unitit States]] an [[Canadae]], celebrates the historical links atween Scotland an [[North Americae|North America]] an the contreibutions [[Scots fowk|Scots]] Americans an Canadians hae made tae US an Canadian [[democracy]], [[Industrie|industry]] an society. The date o Apryle 6 wis chosen as &quot;the anniversary o the [[Declaration o Aiberbrothock|Declaration o Arbroath]] in 1320—the inspirational document, according tae [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senate]] Resolution 155, 1999, upon whit the [[Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom|American Declaration o Independence]] wis modeled&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_an&quot;&gt;Edward J. Cowan, &quot;Tartan Day in America&quot;, in Celeste Ray (ed.), ''The Transatlantic Scots'' (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005), p. 318.&lt;/ref&gt;

The Annual Tartan Week celebrations come tae life every Apryle wi the lairgest celebration takkin place in New York Ceety. Thoosands descend ontae the streets o the Big Apple tae celebrate thair heritage, cultur an the impact o the [[Scots fowk|Scots Americans]] in America the day.

Hunders o pipers, drummers, Hieland dancers, Scottie Dogs an celebrities mairch doun the streets drowned in thair faimily tartans an Saltire flags whilst interacting wi the thoosands o onlookers.

NYC is nae the anely lairge ceety tae celebrate Tartan Day. Lairge events awso tak place in Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Californie, Chicago, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Australie, an New Zealand.

Scots Heritage Month is awso promoted bi community groups aroond the Unitit States an Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_ao&quot;&gt;[http://www.electricscotland.com/history/articles/ncscotsmonth.htm National Scots, Scots-Irish Heritage Month in the USA], ElectricScotland.com&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Scots Festivals ===
[[File:Massed_Bands,_2005_Pacific_Northwest_Highland_Games.jpg|thumb|Massed bands at the 2005 Pacific Northwest Hieland Gemmes&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;]]
Scots cultur, fuid, an athletics are celebrated at [[Hieland gemmes|Hieland Gemmes]] a Scots festivals ootthrou [[North Americae|North America]]. The lairgest o thir occurs yearly at [[Pleasanton, California|Pleasanton, Californie]], [[Grandfather Mountain]], [[North Carolina]] an [[Estes Park, Colorado]]. Thare are awso ither weel-kent Scots Festivals in ceeties lik [[Tulsa|Tulsa, Oklahoma]], [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] (at [[Stone Mountain Park]]), [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] an [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]]. In addeetion tae traditional Scots sports sic as [[Caber toss|tossing the caber]] an the [[hammer throw]], thare are [[whisky]] tastings, traditional foods sic as [[haggis]], [[Bagpipe]]s an [[Drum kit|Drums]] competitions, [[Celtic rock]] muisical acts an tradeetional Scots dance.{{cn}}

=== Scots Gaelic language in the Unitit States ===
Awtho [[Scots Gaelic]] haed been spoken in maist o Scotland at ane time or anither, bi the time o lairge-scale migrations tae North America – the aichteent century – it haed anely managed tae survive in the Hielands an Wastren Isles o Scotland. Unlik ither ethnic groups in Scotland, Scots Hielanders preferred tae migrate in communities, an remainin in lairger, denser concentrations aided in the maintenance o thair language an cultur. The first communities o Scots Gaels began migrating in the 1730s tae Georgia, New York an the Carolinas. Anely in the Carolinas war thir hames enduring. Awtho thair nummers war wee, the immigrants formed a beach-heid for later migrations, whit accelerated in the 1760s.&lt;ref&gt;Newton, ''‘We’re Indians Sure Enough’'', pp. 69-83.&lt;/ref&gt;

The American Revolutionary War effectively stopped direct migration tae the newly-formed Unitit States, maist fowk gaein insteid tae Breetish North Americae (nou Canadae). The Canadian Maritimes war a favored destination frae the 1770s tae the 1840s. Sizable concentrations o Gaelic communities existit in Ontario, Nova Scotia, an Prince Edward Island, wi smawer clusters in Newfoundland, Quebec, an New Brunswick. Those wha left thir communities for opportunities in the Unitit States, especially in New Ingland, war uisually fluent Gaelic speakers intae the mid-twintiet century.&lt;ref&gt;Newton, ''‘We’re Indians Sure Enough’'', pp. 163-175.&lt;/ref&gt;

O the mony communities foondit bi Scots Hieland immigrants, the language an cultur anely survives at a community level in the Canadian province o [[Nova Scotia]]. Accordin tae the 2000 census, 1,199 fowk speak Scots Gaelic at home.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Source: Gen&quot;/&gt;

The direct descendants o Scots Hielanders war nae the anely fowk in the Unitit States tae speak the language, houiver. Gaelic wis ane o the leids spoken bi fur tredders in mony pairts o North America. In some pairts o the Carolinas an [[Alabama]], African-American communities spoke Scots Gaelic, parteecularly (but nae solely) due tae the influence o Gaelic-speakin sclave-awners.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; Accordin tae musicologist Willie Ruff, jazz muisicker Dizzy Gillespie spoke eften o the Gaelic speakin African-Americans.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;

== Weel-kent people ==

=== Preseses o Scots or Scotch-Erse descent ===
Several [[Preses o the Unitit States]] hae haed some Scots or Scotch-Erse ancestry, awtho the extent o this varies. For ensaumple, [[Donald Trump]]'s mither wis Scots an [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s maternal grandparents war baith Scots. Tae a lesser degree [[Ronald Reagan]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Chester A. Arthur]] an [[William McKinley]] hae less direct Scots or Scotch-Erse ancestry.

; [[James Monroe]] (Scots an Welsh)
: 5th Preses 1817-1825: His paternal great-great-grandfaither, Andrew Monroe, emigrated tae America frae [[Ross-shire]], Scotland in the mid-17th century.
; [[Andrew Jackson]] (Scotch-Erse)
: 7th Preses 1829-1837: : He wis born in the predominantly Ulster-Scots [[Waxhaws]] arie o [[Sooth Carolina]] twa years after his parents left [[Boneybefore]], naur [[Craigfergus|Carrickfergus]] in [[Coonty Antrim]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[James K. Polk|James Knox Polk]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 11t Preses, 1845-1849: His Scots paternal great x 5 grandfaither, Robert Pollock, emigrated tae Ireland in the 17t century. The family's surname wis later changed frae Pollock tae Polk.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[James Buchanan]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 15t Preses, 1857-1861: His paternal great-grandmither, Katherine Blair, wis born in [[Stirlingshire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Andrew Johnson]] (Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 17t Preses, 1865-1869: His grandfaither left [[Mounthill]], naur [[Lairne|Larne]] in [[Coonty Antrim]] aroond 1750 an settled in [[North Carolina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Ulysses S. Grant]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 18t Preses, 1869-1877: His maternal great-grandfaither, John Simpson, wis born in [[Dergenagh]], [[Coonty Tyrone]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Rutherford B. Hayes|Rutherford Hayes]] (Scots an Inglis)
: 19t Preses, 1877-1881: His ancestor, George Hayes, emigrated frae Scotland tae Connecticut in 1680.
; [[Chester A. Arthur]] (Scotch-Erse, Scots an Inglis)
: 21st Preses, 1881-1885: His paternal great-grandmither, Jane Campbell, emigrated frae Scotland tae Coonty Antrim, Ireland.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_ac&quot;&gt;Northern Ireland Tourist Board. [http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/Arthur-Cottage-Cullybackey-Ballymena-P8218 ''discovernorthernireland - explore more: Arthur Cottage''] Accessed 03/03/2010. &quot;Arthur Cottage, situated in the heart of County Antrim, only a short walk from the village of Cullybackey is the ancestral home of Chester Alan Arthur, the 21st President of the USA.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Grover Cleveland]] (Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 22nd an 24th Preses, 1885-1889 an 1893-1897: Born in [[New Jersey]], he wis the maternal grandson o merchant Abner Neal, wha emigrated frae [[Coonty Antrim]] in the 1790s. He is the anely preses tae hae served non-consecutive terms.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Benjamin Harrison]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 23rd Preses, 1889-1893: Throu his mither, Elizabeth Irwin, his great x 5 grandfaither, David Irvine, wis born in Aberdeenshire, an emigrated tae Ireland.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[William McKinley]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 25t Preses, 1897-1901: His Scots paternal great-great-great-great-grandfaither, James McKinley, settled in Ireland in 1690.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_ae&quot;&gt;[http://www.mckinley.lib.oh.us/mckinley/biography.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208050447/http://www.mckinley.lib.oh.us/mckinley/biography.htm |date=2010-12-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse, Dutch, Inglis &amp; French)
: 26t Preses, 1901-1909: His maternal great-great-great-grandmither, Jean Stobo, emigrated tae Americae frae Scotland wi her parents in 1699.
; [[William Howard Taft]] (Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 27t Preses 1909-1913&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Woodrow Wilson]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 28t Preses, 1913-1921: His Scots maternal grandparents, Rev. Dr Thomas Woodrow an Marion Williamson, emigrated tae America in the 1830s. Ootthrou his career he reflected on the influence o his ancestral values on his constant quest for knowledge an fulfillment.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Warren G. Harding]] (Scots an Inglis)
: 29t Preses 1921-1923: His paternal great-great grandmither, Lydia Crawford, wis born in Midlothian.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Harry S. Truman]] (Scots, Inglis an German)
: 33rd Preses 1945-1953: His paternal great-great-great-great-grandfaither, Thomas Monteith, wis a merchant frae Glesga.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (Inglis, German an Scotch-Erse)
: 36t Preses, 1963-1969:{{Citation needed}}:
; [[Richard Nixon]] (Scotch-Erse, Erse, Inglis an German)
: 37t Preses, 1969-1974: The Nixon ancestors left Ulster in the mid-18th century; the Quaker Milhous family ties war wi [[Coonty Antrim]] an [[Coonty Kildare]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Gerald Ford]] (Scots an Inglis)
: 38t Preses 1974-1977: His maternal great-grandfaither, Alexander Gardner, emigrated tae [[Quebec]] frae [[Kilmacolm]] in 1820.
; [[Jimmy Carter]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 39t Preses 1977-1981: His paternal great x 6 grandfaither, Adam Clinkskaill, wis Scots.
; [[Ronald Reagan]] (Erse, Scots an Inglis)
: 40t Preses 1981-1989: His great-grandfaither, John Wilson, emigrated tae North America frae [[Paisley]] in 1832.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[George H. W. Bush]] (Scots, Erse an Inglis)
: 41st Preses 1989-1993: His maternal great-great-great-grandmither, Catherine Walker (née McLelland), wis Scots.
; [[George W. Bush]] (Scots, Erse an Inglis)
: 43rd Preses 2001-2009: His great-great-great-great-grandmither, Catherine Walker (née McLelland), wis Scots.
; [[Barack Obama]] (Scotch-Erse, Inglis an Kenyan)
: 44th Preses 2009-2017: The ancestry o his mither's family is pairtially Scotch-Erse.
; [[Donald Trump]] (Scots an German)
: 45t Preses: His mither, [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump|Mary Anne MacLeod]], wis born in the veellage o [[Tong, Lewis|Tong]], [[Lewis|Isle o Lewis]], an emigrated tae the USA in 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vice Preses o Scots or Scotch-Erse descent ===

; [[John C. Calhoun]] (Scotch-Erse)
: 10t Vice Preses 1825-32; staunch advocate o states' richts
; [[George M. Dallas]] (Scots)
: 15t Vice Preses 1845-49; former Secretary o War
; [[Walter Mondale]] (Scots)
: 42nd Vice Preses 1977-1981: His maternal great-grandparents, Walter Cowan an Agnes Phorson, war Scots.

=== Ither American preses o Scots or Scotch-Erse descent ===

; [[Sam Houston]] (Scotch-Erse)
: Preses o [[Texas]], 1836-38 an 1841-44 &lt;ref name=&quot;Haley&quot;/&gt;
; [[Jefferson Davis]] (Scotch-Erse)
: Preses o [[Confederate States o Americae|Confederate States o America]] 1861-1865
; [[Arthur St. Clair]] (Scots)
: Preses unner the [[List of Presidents of the Congress under the Articles of Confederation|Articles o Confederation]] 1788

== Scots placenames ==
Some Scots placenames in the US include:

* Californie
** [[Albion, California|Albion]]
** [[Ben Lomond, California|Ben Lomond]]
** [[Bonny Doon, California|Bonny Doon]]
** [[Inverness, California|Inverness]]
** [[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]], named for the historic Irvine Ranch, an Irvine Subdiveesion o [[Orange Coonty, Californie]]
* Colorado
** [[Montrose, Colorado|Montrose]]
* Connecticut
** [[Scotland, Connecticut|Scotland]]
* Delaware
** [[Glasgow, Delaware|Glasgow]]
** Perth
** Red Lion
* Florida
** Paisley
** Dundee
** Dunedin, frae ''Dùn Èideann'', Scots Gaelic for Edinburgh
** Inverness
* Illinois
** Dundee
** Elgin
** Inverness
** Midlothian
** Bannockburn
** Glencoe
* Indiana
** Perth
** Edinburgh
* Kentucky
** [[Glasgow, Kentucky|Glasgow]]
* Louisiana
** Gretna
** [[Scotlandville, Louisiana|Scotlandville]]
* Maine
** Argyle
* Maryland
** Aberdeen
** Glencoe
** Glenelg
** Lochearn
** Lothian
** Midlothian
** Muirkirk
* Massachusetts
** Melrose
* Mississippi
** Aberdeen
* Montana
** [[Glasgow, Montana|Glasgow]]
** Aberdeen, Montana
** Inverness, Montana
** Drummond, Montana
* New Jersey
** Perth Amboy (hauf Scots, hauf Lenape)
** Scotch Plains
* New York
** [[Albany, New York|Albany]]
** Dundee
** Perth
* North Carolina
** [[Highlands, North Carolina|Highlands]]
** Roxboro - a variant spelling o [[Roxburgh]]
* North Dakota
** Perth
** [[Perth Township, Walsh County, North Dakota|Perth Township]]
* Oklahoma
** Glencoe
** Guthrie
* Pennsylvania
** Devon
* Sooth Carolina
** Elgin
** Lake Murray
* Texas
** Argyle - a variant spelling o Argyll
** [[Dallas]]
** [[Edinburg, Texas|Edinburg]] - a variant spelling o [[Edinburgh]]
** [[Houston]] - suburbs include Montrose
** Midlothian
** [[Scotland, Texas|Scotland]]
* Utah
** Argyle (nou a ghost toun)
** Ben Lomond
** Logan
* Virginia
** Dumfries
** [[Glasgow, Virginia|Glasgow]]
** Gretna
** Hamilton
** Kilmarnock
** McDowell
** Midlothian
* Washington state
** [[Aberdeen, Washington|Aberdeen]]
** [[Fife, Washington|Fife]]
* Wisconsin
** [[Argyle, Wisconsin|Argyle]]
** [[Dunbar, Wisconsin|Dunbar]]

== See awso ==
{{Portal|United States|Scotland}}

* Scots diaspora
* Americans
** British American
** Inglis American
** [[Irish American|Erse American]]
** [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Erse American]]
** [[Welsh American]]
* [[Celtic music in the United States|Celtic music in the Unitit States]]
* Scots bi kintra
** [[Scots-Quebecer]]
** [[Scottish Canadian|Scots Canadian]]

== References ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Further reading ==

* Berthoff, Rowland Tappan. ''British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790-1950.'' New Haven, CT: Harvard University Press, 1953.
* Berthoff, Rowland. &quot;Under the kilt: Variations on the Scottish-American ground.&quot; ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' 1#2 (1982): 5-34. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27500204 in JSTOR]
* Berthoff, Rowland. &quot;Celtic mist over the South.&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'' (1986) pp: 523-546. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2209145 in JSTOR], Highly critical o theories o Forrest McDonald an  Grady McWhiney regarding profound Celtic influences
* Dziennik, Matthew P. ''The Fatal Land: War, Empire, and the Highland Soldier in British America.'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.
* McDonald, Forrest, an Grady McWhiney. &quot;[Celtic Mist over the South]: A Response.&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'' (1986): 547-548.
* McWhiney, Grady, an Forrest McDonald. &quot;Celtic origins of southern herding practices.&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'' (1985): 165-182. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2208823 in JSTOR]
* Bumsted, Jack M. &quot;The Scottish Diaspora: Emigration to British North America, 1763–1815.&quot; in  Ned C. Landsman, ed., ''Nation and Province in the First British Empire: Scotland and the Americas, 1600–1800'' (2001) pp 127–50 [https://www.questia.com/library/120072289/nation-and-province-in-the-first-british-empire online]
* Bueltmann, Tanja, Andrew Hinson, an Graeme Morton. ''The Scottish Diaspora.'' Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2013.
* Calder, Jenni. ''Lost in the Backwoods: Scots an the North American Wilderness'' Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2013.
* Calder, Jenni. ''Scots in the USA.'' Luath Press Ltd, 2014.
* Dobson, David. ''Scottish emigration to colonial America, 1607-1785.'' Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011.
* Erickson, Charlotte. ''Invisible Immigrants: the Adaptation of English and Scottish Immigrants in 19th Century America'' (Weidenfeld an Nicolson; 1972)
* Hunter, James. ''Scottish exodus: travels among a worldwide clan'' (Random House, 2011); interviews wi Clan MacLeod members
* Landsman, Ned C. ''Scotland and Its First American Colony, 1683-1765.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.
* McCarthy, James, an Euan Hague. &quot;Race, nation, an nature: The cultural politics of &quot;Celtic&quot; identification in the American West.&quot; ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 94#2 (2004): 387-408.
* Newton, Michael. ''“We’re Indians Sure Enough”: The Legacy of the Scottish Highlanders in the United States.'' Richmond: Saorsa Media, 2001.
* Parker, Anthony W. ''Scottish Highlanders in Colonial Georgia: The Recruitment, Emigration, an Settlement at Darien, 1735-1748.'' Athens, GA: University o Georgia Press, 2002.
* Ray, R. Celeste. ''Highland Heritage: Scottish Americans in the American South.'' Chapel Hill, NC: University o North Carolina Press, 2001.
* Szasz, Ferenc Morton. ''Scots in the North American West, 1790-1917.'' Norman, OK: University o Oklahoma Press, 2000.
* Thernstrom, Stephan, ed. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups.'' New Haven, CT: Harvard University Press, 1980.
* Zumkhawala-Cook, Richard. &quot;The Mark of Scottish America: Heritage Identity and the Tartan Monster.&quot; ''Diaspora: A Jurnal of Transnational Studies'' 14#1 (2005) pp: 109-136.

== External links ==

* [http://www.visitdunkeld.com/scottish-americans.htm Scottish Americans]
* &lt;span class=&quot;citation gutenberg&quot;&gt; ''[[gutenberg:15162|Scotland's Mark on America, bi George Fraser Black, Ph.D.]]'' at [[Project Gutenberg]]&lt;/span&gt;
* [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/emigration Scottish Emigration Database]
* [http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ Scotlands People - Official govrenment source for Scottish roots]
* [http://www.usscots.com US Scots: includes extensive listing o Hieland games events]
* [http://www.acgamerica.org/ Website o ''An Comunn Gàidhealach Ameireaganach'']

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      <text bytes="56091" sha1="qinyvnr14jl3z71tb4jlz80yw97tv0m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group|group=Scots Americans &lt;br /&gt; ''Ameireaganaich Albannach''|pop='''Scottish Americans'''&lt;br /&gt;20–25 million&lt;ref name=&quot;McCarthy&quot;&gt;James McCarthy and Euan Hague, 'Race, Nation, and Nature: The Cultural Politics of &quot;Celtic&quot; Identification in the American West', ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'', Volume 94 Issue 2 (5 Nov 2004), p. 392, citing J. Hewitson, ''Tam Blake and Co.: The Story of the Scots in America'' (Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 1993).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotlandnow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow/issue-07/arts/tartan-day.html|title=Tartan Day 2007|date=2012-04-15|work=Scotland Now, Issue 7 (March 2007) via internet archive|access-date=2021-12-22|archive-date=2012-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415205446/http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow/issue-07/arts/tartan-day.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SPOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk//business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-02/sor0911-02.htm |title=Scottish Parliament: Official Report, 11 September 2002, Col. 13525 |publisher=Scottish.parliament.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807041559/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk//business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-02/sor0911-02.htm |archivedate=7 August 2011 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SPEERCA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/europe/papers-04/eup04-20.pdf |title=Scottish Parliament: European and External Relations Committee Agenda, 20th Meeting 2004 (Session 2), 30 November 2004, EU/S2/04/20/1 |publisher=Scottish.parliament.uk |date=2011-08-14 |accessdate=2012-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605215530/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/europe/papers-04/eup04-20.pdf |archivedate=5 June 2011 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Up to 8.3% of the U.S. population'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'''Scotch-Irish Americans'''&lt;br /&gt;27–30 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BFFF&quot;&gt;James Webb, ''Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America'' (New York: Broadway Books, 2004), front flap: 'More than 27 million Americans today can trace their lineage to the Scots, whose bloodline was stained by centuries of continuous warfare along the border between England and Scotland, and later in the bitter settlements of England's Ulster Plantation in Northern Ireland.' {{ISBN|0-7679-1688-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Secret&quot;&gt;James Webb, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109814129391148708 Secret GOP Weapon: The Scots Irish Vote], ''Wall Street Journal'' (23 October 2004). Accessed 7 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Up to 10% of the U.S. population'''&lt;br /&gt;'''5,310,285''' (2013 ACS) Scottish&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;United States Census Bureau&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported   2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&amp;prodType=table|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;|popplace=Predominantly in [[New England]], [[Appalachia]] an the [[Deep South]]

Plurality in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[West Virginia]], [[Idaho]], [[North Carolina]], [[Florida]] an [[Pennsylvania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scots-Irish Americans&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Scottish-and-Scotch-Irish-Americans.html|title=Scottish and scotch-irish americans|first=Mary A.|last=Hess|work=www.everyculture.com|access-date=25 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;|langs=[[English language|English]] &lt;small&gt;([[American English|American English dialects]])&lt;/small&gt; 
[[Scottish Gaelic]] an [[Scots language|Scots]] speaking minorities|rels=[[Christianity]] (including [[Presbyterianism]], [[Baptist]], [[Pentecostalism]], [[Methodist]], [[Protestantism]] an [[Roman Catholicism]]), ither releegions (including [[deism]]&lt;ref&gt;Church, College, and Clergy, Page 76, Brian J. Fraser - 1995&lt;/ref&gt;)|related=[[Scotch-Erse Americans]], [[Inglis Americans]], [[Irish Americans]], [[Welsh Americans]], [[Breetish Americans]], [[Scots Canadians]], [[Scotch-Erse Canadians]], [[Scots Australians]]}}'''Scots Americans''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Ameireaganaich Albannach''; {{Lang-sco|Scots-American}}) are [[Americans]] whase ancestry oreeginates halely or pairtly in [[Scotland]]. [[Scots fowk|Scots]] Americans are closely relatit tae [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scotch-Erse Americans]], descendants o [[Ulster-Scots fowk|Ulster Scots]], an communities emphasize an handsel a common heritage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_a&quot;&gt;Celeste Ray, 'Introduction', p. 6, id., 'Scottish Immigration and  Ethnic Organization in the United States', pp. 48-9, 62, 81, in id. (ed.), ''The Transatlantic Scots'' (Tuscaloosa, AL:[[University of Alabama Press]], 2005).&lt;/ref&gt; The majority o Scotch-Erse Americans oreeginally cam frae Lawland Scotland an Northren Ingland afore migrating tae the province o [[Ulster]] in [[Ireland]] (see ''[[Plantation of Ulster|Plantation o Ulster]]'')  an thance, beginnin aboot five [[generation]]s later, tae North Americae in lairge nummers in the aichteent century.

Lairge-scale emigration frae Scotland tae Americae began in the 1700s, accelerating efter the [[Jacobite risin o 1745]], the resultin breakup o the clan structurs, an the [[Hieland Clearances]]. Displaced Scots gaed in sairch o a better life an sattled in the thirteen colonies, ineetially aroond [[Sooth Carolina]] an [[Virginie|Virginia]], an then faur in successive generations.{{cn}}

== Nummer o Scots Americans ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nummer o Scots Americans
|-
!Year
!Ref.
!Population
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |% o the Unitit States population
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1980
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|10,048,816
|align=right|4.44
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,393,581
|align=right|2.2
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|4,890,581
|align=right|1.7
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2010
|&lt;ref name=&quot;factfinder.census.gov&quot;&gt;[http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&amp;prodType=table &quot;Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates&quot;.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212222747/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&amp;prodType=table |date=2020-02-12 }} United States Census Bureau&lt;/ref&gt;
|5,460,679
|align=right|3.1
|-
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nummer o Scotch-Erse Americans
|-
!Year
!Ref.
!Population
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |% o the Unitit States population
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1980
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|16,418
|align=right|0.007
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |1990
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|5,617,773
|align=right|2.3
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2000
|&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|4,319,232
|align=right|1.5
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left; text-indent:30px;&quot; |2010
|&lt;ref name=&quot;factfinder.census.gov&quot; /&gt;
|3,257,161
|align=right|1.9
|-				
|}

== Colonial period 1700 - 1775 ==
Accordin tae the Unitit States Historical Census Data Base (USHCDB), the ethnic populations in the Breetish American Colonies o 1700, 1755 an 1775 war:

{| class=&quot;sort wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ethnic mak up in the Breetish American Colonies o 1700{{•}}1755{{•}}1775 &lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |1700
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |Percent
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |1755
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |Percent
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |1775
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; |Percent
|-
|[[Inglis fowk|Inglis]] an [[Welsh American|Welsh]]
|80.0%
|Inglis an Welsh
|52.0%
|Inglis
|48.7%
|-
|[[African Americans|African]]
|11.0%
|African
|20.0%
|African
|20.0%
|-
|[[Dutch fowk|Dutch]]
|4.0%
|German
|7.0%
|'''Scots-Erse'''
|'''7.8%'''
|-
|'''[[Scottish American|Scots]]'''
|'''3.0%'''
|'''[[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Erse]]'''
|'''7.0%'''
|[[German American|German]]
|6.9%
|-
|Ither European
|2.0%
|[[Irish American|Erse]]
|5.0%
|'''Scots'''
|'''6.6%'''
|-
|
|
|'''Scots'''
|'''4.0%'''
|Dutch
|2.7%
|-
|
|
|Dutch
|3.0%
|[[French American|French]]
|1.4%
|-
|
|
|Ither European
|2.0%
|[[Swedish American|Swades]]
|0.6%
|-
|
|
|
|
|Ither
|5.3%
|- bgcolor=&quot;lightgrey&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
![[File:Union_flag_1606_(Kings_Colors).svg|border|25x25px]] Colonies
!100%
![[File:Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_(1707-1800).svg|border|25x25px]] Colonies
!100%
![[File:Grand_Union_Flag.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Thirteen Colonies]]
!100%
|-
|}

=== Census ===
The nummer o Americans o Scots strynd the day is estimatit tae be 20 tae 25 million (up tae 8.3% o the tot US population), an Scotch-Erse 27 tae 30 million (up tae 10% o the tot US population), the subgroups owerlapping an no aye distinguishable acause o thair skared ancestral [[surname]]s.{{cn}}

The majority o Scotch-Erse Americans oreeginally cam frae Lawland Scotland an Northren Ingland afore migrating tae the province o [[Ulster]] in [[Ireland]] (see ''[[Plantation of Ulster|Plantation o Ulster]]'')  an thance, beginnin aboot five [[generation]]s later, tae North Americae in lairge nummers in the aichteent century.{{cn}}

The table shaws the ethnic Scots population in the Unitit States frae 1700 tae 2013. In 1700 the tot population o the American colonies wis 250,888, o that 223,071 (89%) war white an 3.0% war ethnically Scots.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Colonial America To 1763&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=BZRJSx3uMYEC&amp;pg=PA128&amp;lpg=PA128&amp;dq=united+states+1700+223,071&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=afB35FaHOv&amp;sig=tGL9u-SAvrR8gB3Dh_5gFl2roPo&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwBGoVChMIq43C-ZK4xwIVZBfbCh1HXgs9#v=onepage&amp;q=united%20states%201700%20223%2C071&amp;f=false Colonial America To 1763] By Thomas L. Purvis].&lt;/ref&gt;
In the 2000 census, 4.8 million Americans&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt; sel-reportit Scots ancestry, 1.7% o the tot US population. Anither 4.3 million sel-reportit [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Erse]] ancestry, for a tot o 9.2 million Americans sel-reportin some kynd o Scots strynd.

Sel-reportit nummers are regairdit bi demographers as muckle unner-coonts, acause Scots ancestry is kent tae be disproportionately unner-reportit amang the majority o mixed ancestry,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_y&quot;&gt;Mary C. Walters, ''Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 31-6.&lt;/ref&gt; an acause aries whaur fowk reportit &quot;American&quot; ancestry war the places whaur, historically, Scots an Scotch-Erse [[Protestantism|Protestants]] sattled in [[North Americae|Americae]] (that is: alang the North American coast, [[Appalachia]], an the Sootheastren [[Unitit States]]). Scots Americans descended frae nineteent-century Scots emigrants tend tae be concentrated in the Wast, while mony in [[New Ingland]] are the descendants o emigrants, eften Gaelic-speakin, frae the [[Maritime Provinces]] o [[Canadae]], frae the 1880s onwart.
Americans o Scots strynd ootnummer the population o Scotland, whaur 4,459,071 or 88.09% o fowk identified as ethnic Scots in the 2001 Census.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Scots Americans bi state ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:87%;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Confeerance atween the 1790 an 2000 census
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |1790 estimates&lt;ref name=&quot;The Source: Gen&quot;&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |2000 Census&lt;ref name=&quot;The Source: Gen&quot; /&gt;
|-
!Ancestry
!Nummer
!% o tot
!Ancestry
!Nummer
!% o tot
|-
|Inglis
|1,900,000
|47.5
|German
|42,885,162
|15.2
|-
|[[African Americans|African]]
|750,000
|19.0
|African
|36,419,434
|12.9
|-
|'''Scotch-Erse'''
|'''320,000'''
|'''8.0'''
|Erse
|30,594,130
|10.9
|-
|[[German American|German]]
|280,000
|7.0
|Inglis
|24,515,138
|8.7
|-
|[[Erse fowk|Erse]]
|200,000
|5.0
|[[Mexican American|Mexican]]
|20,640,711
|7.3
|-
|[[Scots fowk|Scots]]
|'''160,000'''
|'''4.0'''
|[[Italian American|Italian]]
|15,723,555
|5.6
|-
|Welsh
|120,000
|3.0
|French
|10,846,018
|3.9
|-
|[[Dutch American|Dutch]]
|100,000
|2.5
|[[Hispanic an Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|10,017,244
|3.6
|-
|[[French American|French]]
|80,000
|2.0
|[[Polish American|Pols]]
|8,977,444
|3.2
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|50,000
|1.0
|'''Scots'''
|'''4,890,581'''
|'''1.7'''
|-
|[[Spanish American|Spaingie]]
|20,000
|0.5
|Dutch
|4,542,494
|1.6
|-
|[[Swedish American|Swades]] &lt;small&gt;or Ither&lt;/small&gt;
|20,000
|0.5
|[[Norwegian American|Norse]]
|4,477,725
|1.6
|-
|
|
|
|'''Scotch-Erse'''
|'''4,319,232'''
|'''1.5'''
|-
|[[British Americans|Breetish]] (Tot)
|2,500,000
|62.5
|Breetish (Tot)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|36,564,465
|12.9
|-
|- bgcolor=&quot;lightgrey&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|'''{{Flagcountry|USA}}'''
|3,929,326 &lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
|100
|'''{{Flagcountry|USA}}'''
|281,421,906
|100
|}
The states wi the laigest [[Scots fowk|Scots]] populations:&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;

* [[Californie]] - 519,955 (1.4% o state population)
* [[Texas]] - 369,161      (1.5%)
* [[Florida]] - 296,667    (1.6%)
* [[North Carolina]] - 245,021 (2.6%)
* [[Michigan]] - 227,372   (2.3%)
* [[New York]] - 215,898 (1.1%)
* [[Ohio]] - 214,649 (1.9%)
* [[Washington (state)|Washington]] - 200,085 (3.0%)

The states wi the tap percentages o Scots residents:

* [[Maine]]   (5.5% o state population)
* [[Utah]]    (4.6%)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4.4%)
* [[Vermont]] (4.3%)
* [[Wyoming]] (3.7%)
* [[Idaho]] (3.3%)
* [[Oregon]], [[Montana]] (3.1% each)
* [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (3.0%)

== Historical contreibutions ==

=== Explorers ===
The first Scots in [[North Americae]] cam wi the [[Vikings]]. A Christian [[bard]] frae the [[Hebrides]] accompanied [[Bjarni Herjolfsson]] on his vaige aroond [[Greenland]] in 985/6 whit sichted the mainland tae the wast.&lt;ref&gt;''Grænlendinga Saga'' (c. 1190), 2, tr. Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson, in ''The Vinland Sagas'' (Penguin: Harmondsworth, Middx, 1965), pp. 51-2, 107.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_c&quot;&gt;Michael Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'' (New York: Thomas Dunne, 2005), p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first Scots recorded as haein set fit in the [[New Warld]] war a man named Haki an a woman named Hekja, sclaves awned bi [[Leif Ericsson|Leif Eiriksson]]. The Scots couple war runners wha scooted for [[Thorfinn Karlsefni]]'s expedeetion in c. 1010, gaithering [[wheat]] an the [[grape]]s for whit [[Vinland]] wis named.&lt;ref&gt;''Eirik's Saga'' (c. 1260), 8, tr. Magnusson and Palsson, in ''Vinland Sagas'', pp. 95, 109.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_d&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 8-9.&lt;/ref&gt;

The controversial [[Zeno brothers|Zeno letters]] hae been ceeted in defence o a claim that [[Henry I Sinclair, Yerl o Orkney|Henry Sinclair, Yerl o Orkney]], veesited [[Nova Scotia]] in 1398.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_e&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 10.&lt;/ref&gt;

In the early years o [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spaingie colonisation o the Americaes]], a Scot named Tam Blake spent 20 years in [[Colombie]] an [[Mexico]]. He teuk pairt in the conquest o [[New Kingdom of Granada|New Granada]] in 1532 wi [[Pedro de Heredia#Inland Expeditions and Trials of Residence|Alonso de Heredia]]. He arrived in Mexico in 1534-5, an jyned [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado|Coronado]]'s 1540 expedeetion tae the [[Southwestern United States|American Southwast]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hewitson&quot;&gt;Jim Hewitson, ''Tam Blake &amp; Co.: The Story of the Scots in America'' (Edinburgh: Orion, 1993), pp. 12-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_f&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Scots-American naturalist [[John Muir]] is mebbe best kent for his exploration o Californie's Sierra Nevada muntains in the 19t century.{{cn}}

=== Tredders ===
[[File:James_VI_and_I.jpg|thumb|[[James VI, Keeng o Scots|James VI an I]], c. 1604]]
[[File:The_Americas_in_the_reign_of_James_I.jpg|thumb|The [[Americae]]s in the ring o James VI, 1619]]
Efter the [[Union o the Crouns]] o [[Scotland]] an [[Ingland]] in 1603, [[James VI, Keeng o Scots|Keeng James VI]], a Scot, promuived jynt expedeetions owerseas, an became the founder o [[British America|Inglis America]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_g&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt; The first permanent Inglis sattlement in the Americaes, [[Jamestown, Virginie|Jamestown]], wis sicweys named for a Scot.

The earliest Scots communities in Americae war firmed bi tredders an [[Plantation economy|planters]] raither than fermer sattlers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 19&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 19.&lt;/ref&gt; The hub o Scots commercial acteevity in the colonial period wis [[Virginie]]. Regular contacts began wi the [[Penal transportation|transportation]] o [[indentured servants]] tae the colony frae Scotland, includin preesoners takken in the [[Wars o the Three Kinricks]].&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;&gt;Alex Murdoch, &quot;USA&quot;, Michael Lynch (ed), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'' (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 629-633.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi the 1670s [[Glesga]] wis the main ootlet for Virginian [[tabaccae]], in open defiance o Inglis [[Navigation Acts|restrictions on colonial tred]]; in return the colony received Scots manufactured guids, emigrants an ideas.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_h&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 18, 19.&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1670s an 1680s [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] [[Dissenter]]s fled persecution bi the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] [[Privy Cooncil o Scotland|privy cooncil]] in [[Edinburgh]] tae sattle in [[Sooth Carolina|South Carolina]] an [[New Jersey]], whaur thay kept thair distinctive releegious cultur.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;

Tred atween Scotland an the American colonies wis finally regularized bi the parliamentary [[Acts o Union 1707|Act o Union]] o Scotland an Ingland in 1707. [[Demografie o Scotland|Population growthe]] an the [[Hieland Clearances|commercialization o agricultur]] in Scotland encouraged mass emigration tae Americae efter the [[French and Indian War|French an Indian War]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 20&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt; a fecht whit haed awso seen the first uise o [[Scottish regiment|Scots Hieland regiments]] as Indian fechters.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt;

Mair nor 50,000 Scots, principally frae the wast coast,&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; sattled in the [[Thirteen Colonies]] atween 1763 an 1776, the majority o thir in thair awn communities in the [[Soothren Unitit States|South]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 20&quot;/&gt; especially [[North Carolina]], awtho Scots individuals an families awso began tae appear as professionals an artisans in every American toun.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt; Scots arrivin in [[Florida]] an the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]] tredded extensively wi [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_i&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 41.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fowk an gospel music ===
American [[Bluegrass music|bluegrass]] an [[American folk music|fowk music]] styles hae some o thair roots in the Appalachian ballad cultur o Scotch-Erse Americans (predominantly originating frae the &quot;Border Ballad&quot; tradeetion o soothren Scotland an northren Ingland). Fiddle tunes frae the Scots repertoire, as thay developit in the aichteent century, an spread rapidly intae British colonies, awtho whiles throu the medium o prent raither than aurally. Ootside o Gaelic-speakin communities, houiver, characteristic Hieland muisical idioms, sic as the “Scotch-snap,”&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; war flattened oot an assimilated intae anglophone muisical styles.

Some African American communities war influenced muisically bi the Scots American communities in whit thay war embedded. Psalm-singing an gospel music hae acome central muisical experiences for African American churchgoers an some elements o thir styles war introduced, in thir communities, bi Scots (awtho thay war awso mair widespread at this time).&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; psalm-singing, or &quot;[[precenting the line]]&quot; as it is technically kent, in whit the psalms are cawed oot an the congregation sings a response, wis a form o muisical worship initially developit for non-literate congregations an Africans in America war exposed tae this bi Scots Gaelic sattlers as weel as immigrants o ither origins.

The first foreign leid spoken bi some sclaves in Americae wis [[Scots Gaelic]] picked up frae Gaelic-speakin immigrants frae the Scots Hielands an Wastren Isles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; Thare are accounts o African Americans singing Gaelic sangs an playin Scots Gaelic music on bagpipes an fiddle.

=== Patriots an Loyalists ===
The ceevic tradeetion o the [[Scots Enlichtment|Scots Enlichtenment]] contreebuted tae the intellectual ferment o the [[American Revolution]].&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; In 1740, the Glesga philosopher [[Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)|Francis Hutcheson]] argued for a richt o colonial resistance tae tyranny.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_j&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 28-29.&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland's leadin thinkers o the revolutionary age, [[David Hume]] an [[Adam Smith]], opposed the uise o force against the rebellious colonies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_k&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 29-32.&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae the historian [[Arthur Herman]]: &quot;Americans built thair warld aroond the principles o Adam Smith an [[Thomas Reid]], o individual interest governed bi common sense an a limited need for govrenment.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_l&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 154.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nineteen o the fifty-sax delegates wha signed the [[Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom|Declaration o Independence]] cam frae Scotland or Ulster or, lik the Scots-tutored [[Thomas Jefferson]], haed ancestors thare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_m&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 32-38.&lt;/ref&gt; Ither [[Founding fathers|funding faithers]] lik [[James Madison]] haed nae ancestral connection but war imbued wi ideas drawn frae Scots moral philosophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_n&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 38-40.&lt;/ref&gt; Scots Americans wha made major contreibutions tae the revolutionary war included Commodore [[John Paul Jones]], the &quot;Faither o the American Navy&quot;, an Generals [[Henry Knox]] an [[William Alexander (American general)|William Alexander]]. Anither person o note wis a personal friend o George Washington, General [[Hugh Mercer]], wha fecht for [[Charles Edward Stuart]] at the [[Battle o Culloden]].

The Scotch-Erse, wha haed already begun tae sattle beyond the [[Proclamation Line]] in the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] an [[Tennessee Valley]]s, war drawn intae rebellion as war spread tae the frontier.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_o&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 13, 23.&lt;/ref&gt; Tobacco plantations an independent ferms in the backcountry o Virginie, [[Maryland]] an the [[Carolinas]] haed been financed wi Scots credit, an indebtedness wis an additional incentive for separation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fry, p. 19&quot;/&gt;

Maist Scots Americans haed commercial ties wi the auld kintra or [[Scots clan|clan]] allegiances an steyed true tae [[the Crown]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_p&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 13, 24-26.&lt;/ref&gt; The Scots Hieland communities o [[upstate New York]] an the [[Cape Fear (region)|Cape Fear]] valley o North Carolina war centers o [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] resistance.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; A wee force o Loyalist [[Scots Hielands|Hielanders]] fell at the [[Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge|Battle o Moore's Creek Bridge]] in 1776. Scotch-Erse [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]] defeatit Scots American Loyalists in the [[Battle of Kings Mountain|Battle o Kings Mountain]] in 1780.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_q&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt; Mony Scots American Loyalists emigrated tae Canadae efter the war.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt;

=== Uncle Sam ===
[[File:Unclesamwantyou.jpg|thumb|[[Uncle Sam|&quot;Uncle Sam&quot; Wilson]] wis based on  [[Samuel Wilson]].]]
[[Uncle Sam]] is the [[national personification]] o the [[Unitit States]], an whiles mair specifically o the [[Federal govrenment o the Unitit States|American govrenment]], wi the first uise o the term datin frae the [[War o 1812]].
Uncle Sam wis based on a businessman frae [[Troy, New York]], [[Samuel Wilson]], whase parents sailed tae Americae frae [[Greenock]], [[Scotland]]. He providit the airmy wi beef an pork in barrels during the War o 1812. The barrels war prominently labeled &quot;U.S.&quot; for the Unitit States, but it wis jokingly said that the letters stood for &quot;Uncle Sam.&quot; Suin, Uncle Sam wis uised as shorthand for the federal govrenment.

=== Emigrants an free tredders ===
Tred wi Scotland continued tae flourish efter unthirldom. The tobacco tred wis owertaken in the nineteent century bi the [[cotton]] tred, wi Glesga factories exporting the finished textiles back tae the Unitit States on an industrial scale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_r&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 19, 41.&lt;/ref&gt;

Emigration frae Scotland peaked in the nineteent century, when mair nor a million Scots left for the Unitit States,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_s&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 193.&lt;/ref&gt; takkin advantage o the regular Atlantic steam-age shipping industry whit wis itsel lairgely a Scots creation,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_t&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 194.&lt;/ref&gt; contributing tae a revolution in transatlantic communication.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt;

Scots emigration tae the Unitit States followed, tae a lesser extent, during the twintiet century, when  Scots hivy industry declined.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_u&quot;&gt;Evans, Nicholas J., 'The Emigration of Skilled Male Workers from Clydeside during the Interwar Period', ''International Journal of Maritime History'', Volume XVIII, Number 1 (2006), pp. 255-280.&lt;/ref&gt; This new wave peaked in the first decade o the twintiet century, contributing tae a haurd life for mony wha remained behind. Mony qualified workers emigrated owerseas, a pairt o whit, estaiblished in Canadae, later gaed on tae the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;everyculture&quot;&gt;[http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Scottish-and-Scots-Irish-Americans.html Everyculture:Scottish American]{{Dead link|date=May 2018}}. Posted by Mary A. Hess. Retrieved January 3, 2012, to 1:25 pm.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Writers ===
In the nineteent century, American authors an educators adoptit Scotland as a model for cultural unthirldom.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot;/&gt; In the warld o letters, Scots literary icons [[James Macpherson]], [[Robert Burns]], [[Walter Scott]], an [[Thomas Carlyle]] haed a mass follaein in the Unitit States, an Scots [[Romanticism]] exerted a seminal influence on the development o American leeteratur.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA&quot; /&gt; The warks o [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] an [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] bear its pouerful impression. Amang the maist weel-kent Scots American writers o the nineteent century war [[Washington Irving]], [[James Fenimore Cooper]], [[Edgar Allan Poe]] an [[Herman Melville]].  Poet [[James Mackintosh Kennedy]] wis cawed tae Scotland tae deliver the offeecial poem for the 600th anniversary o the [[Battle o Bannockburn]] in 1914.

In the twintiet century, [[Margaret Mitchell]]'s ''[[Gane wi the Wind|Gane Wi the Wind]]'' wis a lairge pairt o popular leeteratur. [[William Faulkner]] won the [[Nobel Prize in Leeteratur]] in 1949.

Thare hae been a nummer o weel-kent [[Scots Gaelic]] poets active in the Unitit States syne the aichteent century,&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; includin [[Aonghas MacAoidh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt; an [[Domhnall Aonghas Stiùbhart]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt; Ane o the few relics o Gaelic leeteratur componed in the Unitit States is a lullaby componed bi an anonymous wumman in the Carolinas during the American Revolutionary War.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; It remains popular tae this day in Scotland.

Mair nor 160,000 Scots emigrants migrated tae the U.S. American statesmen o Scots strynd in the early Republic included [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary o the Treasury]] [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[United States Secretary of War|Secretary o War]] [[Henry Knox]], an [[Preses o the Unitit States|Preses]] [[James Monroe]]. [[Andrew Jackson]] an [[James K. Polk]] war whit we nou caw  Scotch-Erse preses an products o the frontier in the period o [[History of the United States (1789–1849)#Westward expansion|Wastward expansion]]. Amang the maist famous Scots American soldier frontiersmen wis [[Sam Houston]], funding faither o [[Texas]].

Ither Scotch-Erse preses included [[James Buchanan]], [[Andrew Johnson]], [[Chester A. Arthur|Chester Alan Arthur]], [[William McKinley]] an [[Richard Nixon|Richard M. Nixon]]. [[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (throu his mither), [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], an [[Ronald Reagan]] war o Scots strynd.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_v&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 53.&lt;/ref&gt; Bi ane estimate, 75% o U.S. preses coud claim some Scots ancestry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_w&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 60-61.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Samuel_houston.jpg|thumb|[[Sam Houston]] wis Scotch-Erse ([[Ulster-Scots fowk|Ulster Scots]]) strynd, an namesake for the ceety o [[Houston]], Texas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haley&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=y3uHDkltcIQC&amp;pg=PA5&amp;dq=sam+houston+scotland&amp;cd=1# James L. Haley, ''Sam Houston''], Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Scots Americans fecht on baith sides o the [[American Ceevil War|Civil War]], an a monument tae thair memory wis erected in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, in 1893. [[Winfield Scott]], Grant, [[Joseph E. Johnston]], [[Irvin McDowell]], [[James B. McPherson]], [[Jeb Stuart]] an [[John B. Gordon]] war o Scots strynd, [[George B. McClellan]] an [[Stonewall Jackson]] Scotch-Erse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_x&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 53, 72.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Douglas MacArthur]] an [[George Marshall]] uphauldit the martial tradeetion in the twintiet century. [[Grace Hopper|Grace Murray Hopper]], a [[rear admiral]] an [[computer scientist]], wis the auldest officer an hiest-rankin wumman in the U.S. airmed forces on her retirement at the age o 80 in 1986.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 219-220.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Isabella Cannon]], the umwhile [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Mayor o]] [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], wis the first female mayor o a U.S. state caipital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Automakers ===
The Scots-born [[Alexander Winton]] biggit ane o the first American [[automobile]]s in 1896, an specialised in [[motor racin]]. He breuk the warld speed record in 1900.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', p. 221.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1903, he wis the first man tae drive cross the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot; /&gt; [[David Dunbar Buick]], anither Scots emigrant, fundit [[Buick]] in 1903.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot; /&gt; The Scots-born William Blackie transfirmed the [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar Tractor Company]] intae a lairge multinational corporation.&lt;ref name=&quot;automotive&quot; /&gt;

=== Motorcycle manufacturer ===
[[File:Harley_Davidson_founders.jpg|thumb|Clockwise tap left: William S. Harley, William A. Davidson, Walter Davidson, Sr., Arthur Davidson]]
[[Harley-Davidson]] Inc&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;  (formerly HDI&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;/&gt;), eften abbreviated  &quot;H-D&quot; or &quot;Harley&quot;, is an American [[motorcycle]] manufacturer. The Davidson brithers war the sons o William C Davidson  (1846-1923) wha wis born an grew up in [[Angus|Angus, Scotland]], an Margaret Adams McFarlane (1843-1933) o Scots strynd frae the wee Scots hame o [[Cambridge, Wisconsin]]. Thay raised five bairns thegither: Janet May, William A., [[Arthur Davidson (motorcycling)|Walter]], Arthur an Elizabeth.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;

=== Aviation ===
Scots Americans hae makt a major contreibution tae the US [[aircraft industry]]. [[Alexander Graham Bell]], in pairtnership wi [[Samuel Pierpont Langley]], biggit the first machine capable o flicht, the [[Aviation history#Langley|Bell-Langley aeroplane]], in 1903.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot;&gt;Fry, ''How the Scots Made America'', pp. 221-223.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] wis stairtit bi twa brithers, [[Allan Loughead|Allan]] an [[Malcolm Loughead]], in 1926.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt; [[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas]] wis fundit bi [[Donald Wills Douglas, Sr.]] in 1921; he lenched the warld's first commercial passenger plane, the [[DC-3]], in 1935.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt; [[McDonnell Aircraft]] wis fundit bi [[James Smith McDonnell]], in 1939, an became famous for its meelitary [[Jet aircraft|jets]].&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt; In 1967, McDonnell an Douglas [[McDonnell Douglas|merged]] an jyntly developit jet aircraft, [[missile]]s an [[spacecraft]].&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt;

=== Spaceflicht ===
Scots Americans war pioneers in [[Human spaceflight|human spaceflicht]]. The [[Project Mercury|Mercury]] an [[Project Gemini|Gemini]] capsules war biggit bi James Smith McDonnell.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot;/&gt; The first American in space, [[Alan Shepard]], the first American in orbit, [[John Glenn]], an the first man tae flee free in space, [[Bruce McCandless II]], war Scots Americans.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt;

The first men on the muin, [[Neil Armstrong]] an [[Buzz Aldrin]], war awso o Scots strynd; Armstrong wore a [[kilt]] in a parade throu his ancestral home o [[Langholm]] in the [[The Mairches|Scots Mairches]] in 1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot;/&gt; Ither Scots American muinwalkers war the fowert, [[Alan Bean]], the fift, Alan Shepard, the seivent, [[David Scott]] (awso the first tae drive on the muin), an the aicht, [[James Irwin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;flight&quot; /&gt;

=== Computing ===
Scots Americans hae awso been leaders in [[computin]]g an [[information technology]].

Scots Americans [[Howard Aiken]] an [[Grace Hopper|Grace Murray Hopper]] makt the first automatic sequence computer in 1939.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;/&gt; Hopper wis awso the co-inventor o the [[Computer language|computer leid]] [[COBOL]].&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot; /&gt;

[[Ross Perot]], anither Scots American entrepreneur, makt his fortune frae [[Electronic Data Systems]], an [[Outsourcing|ootsoorcing]] company he estaiblished in 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;/&gt;

Software giant [[Microsoft]] wis co-fundit in 1975 bi [[Bill Gates]], wha owed his stairt in pairt tae his mither, the Scots American businesswumman [[Mary Maxwell Gates]], wha helped her son tae get his first software contract wi IBM.&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot;/&gt; Glesga-born Microsoft employee Richard Tait helped develop the ''[[Encarta]]'' encyclopedia an co-creatit the popular [[Buird gemme|buird game]] [[Cranium (board game)|Cranium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;computing&quot; /&gt;

=== Cuisine ===
Scots Americans hae helped tae define the modren American diet bi introducing mony distinctive foods.{{cn}}

[[Fried chicken]] wis introduced intae the [[Southern Colonies|Soothren Colonies]] bi Scots sattlers. [[Philip Danforth Armour]] fundit [[Armour and Company|Armour Meats]] in 1867, revolutionizing the American meatpacking industry an acomin famous for [[hot dogs]]. [[Campbell Soups]] wis fundit in 1869 bi Joseph A. Campbell an rapidly grew intae a major manufacturer o [[Soup|canned soups]]. [[Will Keith Kellogg|W. K. Kellogg]] transformed American eatin habits frae 1906 bi popularizing [[Breakfast cereal|brakfast cereal]]. [[Glen Bell]], funder o [[Taco Bell]] in 1962, introduced [[Tex-Mex]] fuid tae a mainstream audience.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/04/23/150886690/the-california-taco-trail-how-mexican-food-conquered-america The California Taco Trail], NPR (April 26, 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; Marketing executive [[Arch West]], born tae Scots emigrant parents, developit [[Doritos]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Community activities ==
Some o the followin aspects o Scots cultur can still be foond in some pairts o the US.

* [[Bagpipe|Bagpiping]] an pipe bands
* [[Burns supper|Burns Supper]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ceilidhs
* [[Hogmanay]], the Scots [[New Year]]
* [[St Andra's Day|St. Andrew's Day]] festivities
* [[Tartan]] - some places in the US hae thair awn tartan, an Scots dress is worn bi some Americans tae celebrate thair ancestral heritage.

=== Tartan Day ===
[[File:MHPB_New_York.jpg|left|thumb|[[Tartan Day]] parade in New York Ceety]]
[[Tartan Day|National Tartan Day]], hauldit each year on Apryle 6 in the [[Unitit States]] an [[Canadae]], celebrates the historical links atween Scotland an [[North Americae|North America]] an the contreibutions [[Scots fowk|Scots]] Americans an Canadians hae made tae US an Canadian [[democracy]], [[Industrie|industry]] an society. The date o Apryle 6 wis chosen as &quot;the anniversary o the [[Declaration o Aiberbrothock|Declaration o Arbroath]] in 1320—the inspirational document, according tae [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senate]] Resolution 155, 1999, upon whit the [[Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom|American Declaration o Independence]] wis modeled&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_an&quot;&gt;Edward J. Cowan, &quot;Tartan Day in America&quot;, in Celeste Ray (ed.), ''The Transatlantic Scots'' (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005), p. 318.&lt;/ref&gt;

The Annual Tartan Week celebrations come tae life every Apryle wi the lairgest celebration takkin place in New York Ceety. Thoosands descend ontae the streets o the Big Apple tae celebrate thair heritage, cultur an the impact o the [[Scots fowk|Scots Americans]] in America the day.

Hunders o pipers, drummers, Hieland dancers, Scottie Dogs an celebrities mairch doun the streets drowned in thair faimily tartans an Saltire flags whilst interacting wi the thoosands o onlookers.

NYC is nae the anely lairge ceety tae celebrate Tartan Day. Lairge events awso tak place in Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Californie, Chicago, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Australie, an New Zealand.

Scots Heritage Month is awso promoted bi community groups aroond the Unitit States an Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_ao&quot;&gt;[http://www.electricscotland.com/history/articles/ncscotsmonth.htm National Scots, Scots-Irish Heritage Month in the USA], ElectricScotland.com&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Scots Festivals ===
[[File:Massed_Bands,_2005_Pacific_Northwest_Highland_Games.jpg|thumb|Massed bands at the 2005 Pacific Northwest Hieland Gemmes&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;]]
Scots cultur, fuid, an athletics are celebrated at [[Hieland gemmes|Hieland Gemmes]] a Scots festivals ootthrou [[North Americae|North America]]. The lairgest o thir occurs yearly at [[Pleasanton, California|Pleasanton, Californie]], [[Grandfather Mountain]], [[North Carolina]] an [[Estes Park, Colorado]]. Thare are awso ither weel-kent Scots Festivals in ceeties lik [[Tulsa|Tulsa, Oklahoma]], [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] (at [[Stone Mountain Park]]), [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] an [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]]. In addeetion tae traditional Scots sports sic as [[Caber toss|tossing the caber]] an the [[hammer throw]], thare are [[whisky]] tastings, traditional foods sic as [[haggis]], [[Bagpipe]]s an [[Drum kit|Drums]] competitions, [[Celtic rock]] muisical acts an tradeetional Scots dance.{{cn}}

=== Scots Gaelic language in the Unitit States ===
Awtho [[Scots Gaelic]] haed been spoken in maist o Scotland at ane time or anither, bi the time o lairge-scale migrations tae North America – the aichteent century – it haed anely managed tae survive in the Hielands an Wastren Isles o Scotland. Unlik ither ethnic groups in Scotland, Scots Hielanders preferred tae migrate in communities, an remainin in lairger, denser concentrations aided in the maintenance o thair language an cultur. The first communities o Scots Gaels began migrating in the 1730s tae Georgia, New York an the Carolinas. Anely in the Carolinas war thir hames enduring. Awtho thair nummers war wee, the immigrants formed a beach-heid for later migrations, whit accelerated in the 1760s.&lt;ref&gt;Newton, ''‘We’re Indians Sure Enough’'', pp. 69-83.&lt;/ref&gt;

The American Revolutionary War effectively stopped direct migration tae the newly-formed Unitit States, maist fowk gaein insteid tae Breetish North Americae (nou Canadae). The Canadian Maritimes war a favored destination frae the 1770s tae the 1840s. Sizable concentrations o Gaelic communities existit in Ontario, Nova Scotia, an Prince Edward Island, wi smawer clusters in Newfoundland, Quebec, an New Brunswick. Those wha left thir communities for opportunities in the Unitit States, especially in New Ingland, war uisually fluent Gaelic speakers intae the mid-twintiet century.&lt;ref&gt;Newton, ''‘We’re Indians Sure Enough’'', pp. 163-175.&lt;/ref&gt;

O the mony communities foondit bi Scots Hieland immigrants, the language an cultur anely survives at a community level in the Canadian province o [[Nova Scotia]]. Accordin tae the 2000 census, 1,199 fowk speak Scots Gaelic at home.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Source: Gen&quot;/&gt;

The direct descendants o Scots Hielanders war nae the anely fowk in the Unitit States tae speak the language, houiver. Gaelic wis ane o the leids spoken bi fur tredders in mony pairts o North America. In some pairts o the Carolinas an [[Alabama]], African-American communities spoke Scots Gaelic, parteecularly (but nae solely) due tae the influence o Gaelic-speakin sclave-awners.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cite journal&quot;/&gt; Accordin tae musicologist Willie Ruff, jazz muisicker Dizzy Gillespie spoke eften o the Gaelic speakin African-Americans.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;

== Weel-kent people ==

=== Preseses o Scots or Scotch-Erse descent ===
Several [[Preses o the Unitit States]] hae haed some Scots or Scotch-Erse ancestry, awtho the extent o this varies. For ensaumple, [[Donald Trump]]'s mither wis Scots an [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s maternal grandparents war baith Scots. Tae a lesser degree [[Ronald Reagan]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Chester A. Arthur]] an [[William McKinley]] hae less direct Scots or Scotch-Erse ancestry.

; [[James Monroe]] (Scots an Welsh)
: 5th Preses 1817-1825: His paternal great-great-grandfaither, Andrew Monroe, emigrated tae America frae [[Ross-shire]], Scotland in the mid-17th century.
; [[Andrew Jackson]] (Scotch-Erse)
: 7th Preses 1829-1837: : He wis born in the predominantly Ulster-Scots [[Waxhaws]] arie o [[Sooth Carolina]] twa years after his parents left [[Boneybefore]], naur [[Craigfergus|Carrickfergus]] in [[Coonty Antrim]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[James K. Polk|James Knox Polk]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 11t Preses, 1845-1849: His Scots paternal great x 5 grandfaither, Robert Pollock, emigrated tae Ireland in the 17t century. The family's surname wis later changed frae Pollock tae Polk.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[James Buchanan]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 15t Preses, 1857-1861: His paternal great-grandmither, Katherine Blair, wis born in [[Stirlingshire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Andrew Johnson]] (Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 17t Preses, 1865-1869: His grandfaither left [[Mounthill]], naur [[Lairne|Larne]] in [[Coonty Antrim]] aroond 1750 an settled in [[North Carolina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Ulysses S. Grant]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 18t Preses, 1869-1877: His maternal great-grandfaither, John Simpson, wis born in [[Dergenagh]], [[Coonty Tyrone]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Rutherford B. Hayes|Rutherford Hayes]] (Scots an Inglis)
: 19t Preses, 1877-1881: His ancestor, George Hayes, emigrated frae Scotland tae Connecticut in 1680.
; [[Chester A. Arthur]] (Scotch-Erse, Scots an Inglis)
: 21st Preses, 1881-1885: His paternal great-grandmither, Jane Campbell, emigrated frae Scotland tae Coonty Antrim, Ireland.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_ac&quot;&gt;Northern Ireland Tourist Board. [http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/Arthur-Cottage-Cullybackey-Ballymena-P8218 ''discovernorthernireland - explore more: Arthur Cottage''] Accessed 03/03/2010. &quot;Arthur Cottage, situated in the heart of County Antrim, only a short walk from the village of Cullybackey is the ancestral home of Chester Alan Arthur, the 21st President of the USA.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Grover Cleveland]] (Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 22nd an 24th Preses, 1885-1889 an 1893-1897: Born in [[New Jersey]], he wis the maternal grandson o merchant Abner Neal, wha emigrated frae [[Coonty Antrim]] in the 1790s. He is the anely preses tae hae served non-consecutive terms.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Benjamin Harrison]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 23rd Preses, 1889-1893: Throu his mither, Elizabeth Irwin, his great x 5 grandfaither, David Irvine, wis born in Aberdeenshire, an emigrated tae Ireland.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[William McKinley]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 25t Preses, 1897-1901: His Scots paternal great-great-great-great-grandfaither, James McKinley, settled in Ireland in 1690.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref_ae&quot;&gt;[http://www.mckinley.lib.oh.us/mckinley/biography.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208050447/http://www.mckinley.lib.oh.us/mckinley/biography.htm |date=2010-12-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse, Dutch, Inglis &amp; French)
: 26t Preses, 1901-1909: His maternal great-great-great-grandmither, Jean Stobo, emigrated tae Americae frae Scotland wi her parents in 1699.
; [[William Howard Taft]] (Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 27t Preses 1909-1913&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Woodrow Wilson]] (Scots an Scotch-Erse)
: 28t Preses, 1913-1921: His Scots maternal grandparents, Rev. Dr Thomas Woodrow an Marion Williamson, emigrated tae America in the 1830s. Ootthrou his career he reflected on the influence o his ancestral values on his constant quest for knowledge an fulfillment.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Warren G. Harding]] (Scots an Inglis)
: 29t Preses 1921-1923: His paternal great-great grandmither, Lydia Crawford, wis born in Midlothian.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Harry S. Truman]] (Scots, Inglis an German)
: 33rd Preses 1945-1953: His paternal great-great-great-great-grandfaither, Thomas Monteith, wis a merchant frae Glesga.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (Inglis, German an Scotch-Erse)
: 36t Preses, 1963-1969:{{Citation needed}}:
; [[Richard Nixon]] (Scotch-Erse, Erse, Inglis an German)
: 37t Preses, 1969-1974: The Nixon ancestors left Ulster in the mid-18th century; the Quaker Milhous family ties war wi [[Coonty Antrim]] an [[Coonty Kildare]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;/&gt;
; [[Gerald Ford]] (Scots an Inglis)
: 38t Preses 1974-1977: His maternal great-grandfaither, Alexander Gardner, emigrated tae [[Quebec]] frae [[Kilmacolm]] in 1820.
; [[Jimmy Carter]] (Scots, Scotch-Erse an Inglis)
: 39t Preses 1977-1981: His paternal great x 6 grandfaither, Adam Clinkskaill, wis Scots.
; [[Ronald Reagan]] (Erse, Scots an Inglis)
: 40t Preses 1981-1989: His great-grandfaither, John Wilson, emigrated tae North America frae [[Paisley]] in 1832.&lt;ref name=&quot;HOG Quote on Bloomberg.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; [[George H. W. Bush]] (Scots, Erse an Inglis)
: 41st Preses 1989-1993: His maternal great-great-great-grandmither, Catherine Walker (née McLelland), wis Scots.
; [[George W. Bush]] (Scots, Erse an Inglis)
: 43rd Preses 2001-2009: His great-great-great-great-grandmither, Catherine Walker (née McLelland), wis Scots.
; [[Barack Obama]] (Scotch-Erse, Inglis an Kenyan)
: 44th Preses 2009-2017: The ancestry o his mither's family is pairtially Scotch-Erse.
; [[Donald Trump]] (Scots an German)
: 45t Preses: His mither, [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump|Mary Anne MacLeod]], wis born in the veellage o [[Tong, Lewis|Tong]], [[Lewis|Isle o Lewis]], an emigrated tae the USA in 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trump&quot;&gt;{{Cite news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vice Preses o Scots or Scotch-Erse descent ===

; [[John C. Calhoun]] (Scotch-Erse)
: 10t Vice Preses 1825-32; staunch advocate o states' richts
; [[George M. Dallas]] (Scots)
: 15t Vice Preses 1845-49; former Secretary o War
; [[Walter Mondale]] (Scots)
: 42nd Vice Preses 1977-1981: His maternal great-grandparents, Walter Cowan an Agnes Phorson, war Scots.

=== Ither American preses o Scots or Scotch-Erse descent ===

; [[Sam Houston]] (Scotch-Erse)
: Preses o [[Texas]], 1836-38 an 1841-44 &lt;ref name=&quot;Haley&quot;/&gt;
; [[Jefferson Davis]] (Scotch-Erse)
: Preses o [[Confederate States o Americae|Confederate States o America]] 1861-1865
; [[Arthur St. Clair]] (Scots)
: Preses unner the [[List of Presidents of the Congress under the Articles of Confederation|Articles o Confederation]] 1788

== Scots placenames ==
Some Scots placenames in the US include:

* Californie
** [[Albion, California|Albion]]
** [[Ben Lomond, California|Ben Lomond]]
** [[Bonny Doon, California|Bonny Doon]]
** [[Inverness, California|Inverness]]
** [[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]], named for the historic Irvine Ranch, an Irvine Subdiveesion o [[Orange Coonty, Californie]]
* Colorado
** [[Montrose, Colorado|Montrose]]
* Connecticut
** [[Scotland, Connecticut|Scotland]]
* Delaware
** [[Glasgow, Delaware|Glasgow]]
** Perth
** Red Lion
* Florida
** Paisley
** Dundee
** Dunedin, frae ''Dùn Èideann'', Scots Gaelic for Edinburgh
** Inverness
* Illinois
** Dundee
** Elgin
** Inverness
** Midlothian
** Bannockburn
** Glencoe
* Indiana
** Perth
** Edinburgh
* Kentucky
** [[Glasgow, Kentucky|Glasgow]]
* Louisiana
** Gretna
** [[Scotlandville, Louisiana|Scotlandville]]
* Maine
** Argyle
* Maryland
** Aberdeen
** Glencoe
** Glenelg
** Lochearn
** Lothian
** Midlothian
** Muirkirk
* Massachusetts
** Melrose
* Mississippi
** Aberdeen
* Montana
** [[Glasgow, Montana|Glasgow]]
** Aberdeen, Montana
** Inverness, Montana
** Drummond, Montana
* New Jersey
** Perth Amboy (hauf Scots, hauf Lenape)
** Scotch Plains
* New York
** [[Albany, New York|Albany]]
** Dundee
** Perth
* North Carolina
** [[Highlands, North Carolina|Highlands]]
** Roxboro - a variant spelling o [[Roxburgh]]
* North Dakota
** Perth
** [[Perth Township, Walsh County, North Dakota|Perth Township]]
* Oklahoma
** Glencoe
** Guthrie
* Pennsylvania
** Devon
* Sooth Carolina
** Elgin
** Lake Murray
* Texas
** Argyle - a variant spelling o Argyll
** [[Dallas]]
** [[Edinburg, Texas|Edinburg]] - a variant spelling o [[Edinburgh]]
** [[Houston]] - suburbs include Montrose
** Midlothian
** [[Scotland, Texas|Scotland]]
* Utah
** Argyle (nou a ghost toun)
** Ben Lomond
** Logan
* Virginia
** Dumfries
** [[Glasgow, Virginia|Glasgow]]
** Gretna
** Hamilton
** Kilmarnock
** McDowell
** Midlothian
* Washington state
** [[Aberdeen, Washington|Aberdeen]]
** [[Fife, Washington|Fife]]
* Wisconsin
** [[Argyle, Wisconsin|Argyle]]
** [[Dunbar, Wisconsin|Dunbar]]

== See awso ==
{{Portal|United States|Scotland}}

* Scots diaspora
* Americans
** British American
** Inglis American
** [[Irish American|Erse American]]
** [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Erse American]]
** [[Welsh American]]
* [[Celtic music in the United States|Celtic music in the Unitit States]]
* Scots bi kintra
** [[Scots-Quebecer]]
** [[Scottish Canadian|Scots Canadian]]

== References ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Further reading ==

* Berthoff, Rowland Tappan. ''British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790-1950.'' New Haven, CT: Harvard University Press, 1953.
* Berthoff, Rowland. &quot;Under the kilt: Variations on the Scottish-American ground.&quot; ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' 1#2 (1982): 5-34. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27500204 in JSTOR]
* Berthoff, Rowland. &quot;Celtic mist over the South.&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'' (1986) pp: 523-546. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2209145 in JSTOR], Highly critical o theories o Forrest McDonald an  Grady McWhiney regarding profound Celtic influences
* Dziennik, Matthew P. ''The Fatal Land: War, Empire, and the Highland Soldier in British America.'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.
* McDonald, Forrest, an Grady McWhiney. &quot;[Celtic Mist over the South]: A Response.&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'' (1986): 547-548.
* McWhiney, Grady, an Forrest McDonald. &quot;Celtic origins of southern herding practices.&quot; ''Journal of Southern History'' (1985): 165-182. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2208823 in JSTOR]
* Bumsted, Jack M. &quot;The Scottish Diaspora: Emigration to British North America, 1763–1815.&quot; in  Ned C. Landsman, ed., ''Nation and Province in the First British Empire: Scotland and the Americas, 1600–1800'' (2001) pp 127–50 [https://www.questia.com/library/120072289/nation-and-province-in-the-first-british-empire online]
* Bueltmann, Tanja, Andrew Hinson, an Graeme Morton. ''The Scottish Diaspora.'' Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2013.
* Calder, Jenni. ''Lost in the Backwoods: Scots an the North American Wilderness'' Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2013.
* Calder, Jenni. ''Scots in the USA.'' Luath Press Ltd, 2014.
* Dobson, David. ''Scottish emigration to colonial America, 1607-1785.'' Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011.
* Erickson, Charlotte. ''Invisible Immigrants: the Adaptation of English and Scottish Immigrants in 19th Century America'' (Weidenfeld an Nicolson; 1972)
* Hunter, James. ''Scottish exodus: travels among a worldwide clan'' (Random House, 2011); interviews wi Clan MacLeod members
* Landsman, Ned C. ''Scotland and Its First American Colony, 1683-1765.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.
* McCarthy, James, an Euan Hague. &quot;Race, nation, an nature: The cultural politics of &quot;Celtic&quot; identification in the American West.&quot; ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 94#2 (2004): 387-408.
* Newton, Michael. ''“We’re Indians Sure Enough”: The Legacy of the Scottish Highlanders in the United States.'' Richmond: Saorsa Media, 2001.
* Parker, Anthony W. ''Scottish Highlanders in Colonial Georgia: The Recruitment, Emigration, an Settlement at Darien, 1735-1748.'' Athens, GA: University o Georgia Press, 2002.
* Ray, R. Celeste. ''Highland Heritage: Scottish Americans in the American South.'' Chapel Hill, NC: University o North Carolina Press, 2001.
* Szasz, Ferenc Morton. ''Scots in the North American West, 1790-1917.'' Norman, OK: University o Oklahoma Press, 2000.
* Thernstrom, Stephan, ed. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups.'' New Haven, CT: Harvard University Press, 1980.
* Zumkhawala-Cook, Richard. &quot;The Mark of Scottish America: Heritage Identity and the Tartan Monster.&quot; ''Diaspora: A Jurnal of Transnational Studies'' 14#1 (2005) pp: 109-136.

== External links ==

* [http://www.visitdunkeld.com/scottish-americans.htm Scottish Americans]
* &lt;span class=&quot;citation gutenberg&quot;&gt; ''[[gutenberg:15162|Scotland's Mark on America, bi George Fraser Black, Ph.D.]]'' at [[Project Gutenberg]]&lt;/span&gt;
* [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/emigration Scottish Emigration Database]
* [http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ Scotlands People - Official govrenment source for Scottish roots]
* [http://www.usscots.com US Scots: includes extensive listing o Hieland games events]
* [http://www.acgamerica.org/ Website o ''An Comunn Gàidhealach Ameireaganach'']

[[Category:European-American society]]
[[Category:American fowk o Scots strynd]]
[[Category:Pages wi citations haein bare URLs]]
[[Category:Pages wi citations lackin teetles]]
[[Category:&quot;Relatit ethnic groups&quot; needin confirmation]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>qinyvnr14jl3z71tb4jlz80yw97tv0m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser:Trade/Country of origin</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>225865</id>
    <revision>
      <id>917497</id>
      <parentid>917100</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T19:52:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>30924</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>917497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113277" sha1="oop2ovs39wx4nuz49eecopvmqfe7dz7" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item (wdt:P495)* wd:Q22 }
|sort=label
|columns=label:label,P31,P18,P571,P577,P136
|thumb=128
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! label
! instance o
! eemage
! date o foondation or creation
! date o publication
! genre
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16323131|100 Pipers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:100 Pipers bottle.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4638043|44 Scotland Street]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48814513|5 Star Wrestling]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130348409|A Bear Named Wojtek]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17517379|animated short film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q202866|animatit film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2024&quot; | 2024
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4656103|A Cool Head]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30638714|A Dark so Deadly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q347332|A Disaffection]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4656829|A Foot in the Grave]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1987&quot; | 1987
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107680425|A frog he would a-wooing go]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1549&quot; | 1549
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4657112|A Good Hanging and Other Stories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3549611|A Legend of Montrose]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Walter Scott Legend of Montrose Illustration.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1819&quot; | 1819
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120097613|A little child the Saviour came]]''
| ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1861&quot; | 1861
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28408011|A Lost Lady of Old Years]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55081833|A Practical Guide to a Spectacular Suicide]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4659095|A Question of Blood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4659137|A Ramble Round the Globe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1894&quot; | 1894
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103296523|A Rooster, &quot;Gallas Furcatus,&quot; Forked Tail Wild Cock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1802&quot; | 1802
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103296534|A Rooster, &quot;Gallus Oeneus,&quot; Wild Golden Cock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1802&quot; | 1802
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4359779|A Song of Stone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q197949|post-apocalyptic fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4659839|A Stranger Came Ashore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fantasie]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4660121|A Thread of Scarlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1959&quot; | 1959
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4646807|A' Cleachdadh na Gàidhlig]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137165572|Abaire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113336119|Abandoned Stars]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5741069|rock baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010-06-15
| 
| [[Progressive metal]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q212348|Aberdeen Angus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''
| [[File:Angus cattle 10.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Abernethy biscuit]]
| 
| [[File:Abernethy Biscuits..jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138880137|Ablutions]]''
| ''[[:d:Q580807|albumen print]]''
| [[File:Ablutions (2015.67.61).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1870&quot; | 1870
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96192714|Accidents and disasters on land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Accidents and disasters on land.pdf|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4691060|Against a Dark Background]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993-05
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399495|Ah, Chloris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11019883|Air ais air an Ran Dan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13484144|Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013&lt;br/&gt;2020
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53866684|Aironauts]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10299630|Amélia II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''
| [[File:Iate Amélia II (3º) croped.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4749698|An Account of Capers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16821450|An Account of Corsica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:An Account of Corsica, title page.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1768&quot; | 1768
| ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138179461|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135529092|Analecta Graeca Minora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1790&quot; | 1790s
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4751170|Anam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30590462|Ancestor Stones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2006&quot; | 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4753430|And the Land Lay Still]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104791679|Andrina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2851345|Anne of Geierstein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Anne of G 1829.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1829&quot; | 1829
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108856925|Aon Teanga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4784939|Arbroath smokie]]''
| 
| [[File:Arbroath Smokies - geograph.org.uk - 481678.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121628098|Argyll aircraft engine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1753786|sleeve valve]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]''
| [[File:Argyll aircraft engine.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1914&quot; | 1914
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2600426|Arms of Mary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975&lt;br/&gt;1992
| [[Pop muisic|pop]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2047814|Palingsound]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104099453|Art and archaeology papers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399249|Auld Gudeman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102961830|Autumn River]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]''
| [[File:Autumn River - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1979.0303P.tif|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q793281|Ayrshire cattle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''
| [[File:Biggle cow book (Plate III) (6835787694).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30646489|Bad Hotel]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-08-14
| ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q687397|Ballantine's]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''
| [[File:Scotch Whisky (aka).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1827&quot; | 1827
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86752397|Bannan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108472340|Battalion of Flies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Bay City Rollers]]
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:BayCityRollers1976RobBogaerts.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1966&quot; | 1966
| 
| [[Rock muisic|rock]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q837837|power pop]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q76092|glam rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Pop muisic|pop]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89285051|Beach Bounce]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015-08-14
| ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37619|Bearded Collie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Bearded Collie.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61642181|Beats]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-01-24&lt;br/&gt;2019-05-17&lt;br/&gt;2019-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4880450|Beggars Banquet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4883072|Bell's whisky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Whisky]]
| [[File:BellScotch.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1851&quot; | 1851
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q816198|Belted Galloway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''
| [[File:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4885960|Ben Jonson Journal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399616|Bess the Gawkie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122310744|Big Crown: Showdown]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018-12-14
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51756400|Big Gold Dream]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26492705|Bird Magic No. 10]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1982&quot; | 1982
| 
| [[abstract airt]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q471241|Bis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3612973|Black &amp; Blue]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4920219|Black &amp; White]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Black &amp; White (whisky) bottle 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Black bun]]
| 
| [[File:Black bun cut open.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16971600|Black Dog Scotch Whisky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Black Dog Scotch Whisky Logo.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1883&quot; | 1883
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4922585|Blackbird]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21010853|drama]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25635147|Blas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11483816|annual event]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4925907|Bleeding Hearts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4927621|Blood Hunt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995-09-14
| ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24256086|Bloons TD 5]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014-11-19
| ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q885603|Blue Angels Motorcycle Club]]''
| ''[[:d:Q182391|motorcycle club]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1849110|outlaw motorcycle club]]''
| [[File:Blue Angels Erpe-Mere.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399465|Blue bonnets over the border]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103297548|Blue Flower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38450|Blue Paul Terrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4929839|Blue Shoes and Happiness]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2006&quot; | 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137649426|Blàrag a' Bhò]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4934527|Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000-01-12
| ''[[:d:Q1153173|educational entertainment]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34222620|Bonnie Chirsty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37710|border collie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Argentine border collie.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28407754|Border Life]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3326445|Boreray sheep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''
| [[File:Boreray Ewes.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16845069|Bothy band]]''
| [[muisic genre]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066180|bouncy techno]]''
| [[muisic genre]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106648058|Bowie family of Maryland]]''
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1705&quot; | 1705
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4952596|Boyracers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| ''[[:d:Q223945|Bildungsroman]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21997425|Break the Chains]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109923688|Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2005&quot; | 2005-09-20
| ''[[:d:Q108611897|horse racing video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63610141|Breve Historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-03
| 
|-
| [[Bridie]]
| 
| [[File:Bridie.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16846610|Brighton Belle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4975393|Brose]]''
| [[fuid]]
| [[File:Atholl brose.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138773600|Brothers Reid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103297846|Brount]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32094891|Brut@l]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106511534|Bubba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15632617|feectional human]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1569167|gemme character]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4982543|Buchanan's]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1879&quot; | 1879
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4984149|Buddha Da]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003-01-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20200837|Bunessan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1888&quot; | 1888
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16954518|Bunkered]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996-04
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20638877|Butcher's Broom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1934&quot; | 1934
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| [[Butterie]]
| 
| [[File:Aberdeen Buttery.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Caber toss]]
| 
| [[File:Caber 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5016556|Cado Belle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37888|Cairn Terrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Cairn-Terrier-Garten1.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136001349|Cala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5019561|calf's liver and bacon]]''
| 
| [[File:Calf's liver, bacon and mash at Staplefield, West Sussex, England 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128969|Calimero]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63952888|anime television series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5027077|Camp Coffee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''
| [[File:Bottle, essence (AM 629460).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1876&quot; | 1876
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5030993|Canal Dreams]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131303582|Canty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q617216|caramel shortbread]]''
| 
| [[File:Millionaire's shortbread.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3221381|Castle Dangerous]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1831&quot; | 1831-11
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5050556|Castlemilk Moorit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''
| [[File:Borris the ram shorn.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2277829|Catriona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Catriona (novel).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1893&quot; | 1893
| ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107537699|Chaotic Youth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1978&quot; | 1978
| 
| [[Punk rock]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97621198|Chick's Day]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950
| ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5098501|Children of This Earth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1930&quot; | 1930
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1069502|Chivas Regal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''
| [[File:Chivas regal 12yo.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1801&quot; | 1801
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4021847|Christmas Lemmings]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1991&quot; | 1991
| ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105702790|Christmas video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17352486|Chronicles of the Canongate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Chronicles of the Canongate 1st series.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1828&quot; | 1828-05-15
| 
|-
| [[Clapshot]]
| 
| [[File:Clapshot and oatcakes.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q463230|claymore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]''
| [[File:Scottish claymore replica (Albion Chieftain)2.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Clootie dumplin]]
| 
| [[File:Clootie dumpling.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25217364|Close to the Bone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5136184|Club Cupid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[reality telly]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115740539|Club Life]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016-04-13
| ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]''
|-
| [[Clydesdale horse]]
| ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]''
| [[File:3 Clydesdale horses.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Cock-a-leekie]]
| 
| [[File:Cock-a-leekie Soup.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124851344|Come, Holy Spirit , descend on us]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119585929|Come, Labor On]]''
| ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1859&quot; | 1859
| ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122378424|Commands &amp; Colors: Ancients]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018-09-12
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28945174|CommonSpace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1153191|online newspaper]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5156663|Complicity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5156775|composite rules shinty–hurling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5158085|Conall Cra Bhuidhe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16827781|Conquer the Castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5163254|Consolevania]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q747339|contra dance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]''
| [[File:Glen Echo Park contra dance.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139023201|Conversations in Gaelic and English]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1892&quot; | 1892
| ''[[:d:Q1346592|bitext]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136410671|Corryvreckan]]''
| [[queir]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3436601|Count Robert of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1832&quot; | 1832
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133224168|Countrywoman's Calendar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16952451|Crabbie's]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98383629|Crabbit Granny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5180351|Cracked]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]]
|-
| [[cranachan]]
| ''[[:d:Q182940|dessert]]''
| [[File:Cranachan (4332953688).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3002602|Crime]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2008&quot; | 2008
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109620644|Crimond]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1872&quot; | 1872
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5188589|Crossfire]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57705951|Cruinn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136001121|Culla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Cullen skink]]
| [[soup]]
| [[File:Cullen Skink.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849873|Cunningham]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Curlin]]
| ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''
| [[File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1966&quot; | 1966
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3007961|Cutty Sark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Bottle of Cutty Sark Scotch Whisky with box.JPG|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1923&quot; | 1923-03-23
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126477332|Cygni: All Guns Blazing]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2024&quot; | 2024-08-06
| ''[[:d:Q1044478|shoot 'em up]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136410399|Côr Harmony]]''
| [[queir]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38336|Dandie Dinmont Terrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 600.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4037031|Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q208189|real-time strategy]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18350426|Dateline Scotland]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q119585958|Day is Done]]''
| ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1969&quot; | 1969
| ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5243100|Daybreak Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5245078|Dead Air]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112031241|Dead Pony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Dead Pony (52072572184).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3617562|Dead Souls]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5245442|Dead Wood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5247573|Death of a Ladies' Man]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-07-23
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80657151|Debate Night]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q181761|deep-fried Mars bar]]''
| 
| [[File:DeepFriedMarsBar.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3301197|deep-fried pizza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116392487|type of pizza]]''
| [[File:Deep Fried Pizza.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5251004|Deeside]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1911&quot; | 1911
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5251821|Degrassi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
| ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]''
|-
| [[Dewar's]]
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:DewarsLogo.png|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1846&quot; | 1846
| 
| 
|-
| [[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327521|online dictionary]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131344705|dictionary of the Scots language]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9207544|Dimple]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5280892|Dirk dance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66456966|Discovery and Excavation in Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21834496|archaeology journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5296225|Donkey Punch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007-04-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5297243|Doors Open]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2008&quot; | 2008
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115803710|Doughnuts and Doom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2022&quot; | 2022-09-20
| ''[[:d:Q725377|graphic novel]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2561438|slice of life]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18150777|Downfall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
|-
| [[Drambuie]]
| ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''
| [[File:New drambuie bottle.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1910&quot; | 1910
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109405060|Dujanah]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017-09-19
| ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17505244|Dumfries Courier]]''
| [[newspaper]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1809&quot; | 1809
| 
| 
|-
| [[Dundee cake]]
| 
| [[File:Dundee cake.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1266163|Dunlop cheese]]''
| 
| [[File:Ayrshire's Dunlop Cheese.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56279760|Dàin do Eimhir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5325340|Eagleowl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Eagleowl promo.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1317816|indie folk]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q959914|Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3002812|Edinburgh Crystal]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5338215|Edinburgh Law Review]]''
| ''[[:d:Q746654|law review]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5338306|Edinburgh rock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]''
| [[File:Edinburgh Rock.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137360821|Eemis Stane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5357317|Electric Brae]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83742490|Enough of Him]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2020&quot; | 2020
| 
| ''[[:d:Q25372|drama]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31970514|Epic Battle Fantasy 4]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112132374|Epic Battle Fantasy 5]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q5923834|Japanese role-playing video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2246627|Eriskay Pony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]''
| [[File:Eriskay pony beinn sciathan.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5398772|Espedair Street]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1987&quot; | 1987
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5399160|Espresso Tales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| ''[[:d:Q1347298|serialized fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5399414|Essays on Philosophical Subjects]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33524602|Ettrick Banks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22075098|Even Dogs in the Wild]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5420395|Exit Music]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007-09-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102964839|Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| [[File:Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1980.013.tif|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107529619|External Menace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1979&quot; | 1979
| 
| [[Punk rock]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97621188|Fantasmagoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102964931|Far from the Sea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5435395|Farl]]''
| [[breid]]
| [[File:Ben W Bell Soda Bread Farl 05 June 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92480206|Fast &amp; Furious: Adrenaline]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5437606|Father Hilary's Holiday]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5437626|Father Malachy's Miracle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1931&quot; | 1931
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33524785|Fee him, Father]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20012196|FFS]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:FFS (Franz Ferdinand &amp; Sparks) @ Albert Hall, Manchester 25-8-2015 (20284011824).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015
| 
| ''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15749735|Film-Philosophy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1256352|Filth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| [[Finnan haddie]]
| [[fuid]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102965122|Five Colours]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3797845|Fleshmarket Close]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5464691|Follow Follow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52244114|For ever, Fortune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1725&quot; | 1725
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25171666|Forward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1906&quot; | 1906
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5479814|Francie and Josie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493518|Fraochy Bay]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q411924|Frazier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5504828|fritter roll]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83450990|From Scenes Like These]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18611377|From The Doctor to my son Thomas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q110879246|video work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| ''[[:d:Q471839|science feection film]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3088307|Fromage d'Ayrshire]]''
| 
| [[File:Ayrshire.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5506087|Frontline]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5506409|fruit pudding]]''
| 
| [[File:Scottish breakfast pack.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5511555|Féillire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1872&quot; | 1872
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7832290|Gaelic folk music]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106537557|music by ethnic group]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[muisic genre]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16148439|Gaelic music]]''
| [[muisic genre]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5516932|Gahn family]]''
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q62274319|Swedish unintroduced noble family]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66760350|Galaxy Girls]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q505149|Gallagher and Lyle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]''
| [[File:Gallagher and Lyle On Stage In Greenock.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972
| 
| [[Pop muisic|pop]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q613408|country rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5519004|Gallery Whispers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124609645|Galloway Adriatic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1148385|straight-six]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]''
| [[File:Galloway Adriatic.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12018056|Galloway Atlantic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245272|V12]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]''
| [[File:Paired Galloway Atlantic engines in a Handley Page V1500.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q935155|Galloway cattle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''
| [[File:Galloway.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126326631|Galloway News]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1868552|local newspaper]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138645059|Gangsta Bang - Introduction]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3414877|quest]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5523709|Garnock Way]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5564471|Girl in May]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956
| ''[[:d:Q19765983|romantic fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5416645|Glasgow Times]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1110794|daily newspaper]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[wabsteid]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1876&quot; | 1876
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98382842|Glasgow's Docklands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| [[Glayva]]
| 
| [[File:Glayva.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q154306|glen plaid]]''
| 
| [[File:Glen Plaid aka Prince of Wales check pattern.JPG|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1840&quot; | 1840s
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5567537|Glen's Vodka]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2262510|Glue]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125700841|Gnoss]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125027573|Go, labor on; spend, and be spent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38686|Golden Retriever]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Golden Retriever Dukedestiny01 drvd.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5582797|Good Morning Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131538174|Good Words for the Young]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11780435|monthly magazine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1029418|children's magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1869&quot; | 1869
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5584773|Gordon &amp; MacPhail]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38301|Gordon Setter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Orrvilas enska w800px.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Gowf]]
| ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212434|Olympic sport]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[habby]]
| [[File:Golfer swing.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94830|Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]''
| ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-02-17
| ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''
|-
| [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]]
| ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]''
| [[File:GTA The Ballad of Gay Tony at Igromir 2009 (4081942358).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q85422949|video game with LGBT character]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4039669|Grant's]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Full Range Grant's Whisky.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1887&quot; | 1887
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122362135|Grants Whisky Price in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''
| [[File:Grant's Whisky 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1887&quot; | 1887
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100414305|Greazy Puzzy Fuckerz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:GPF on The Black stage Defqon1 - 2024-06-30.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q388906|hardcore]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34523520|Gree, bairnies, gree]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1546243|Grice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18786396|pig breed]]''
| [[File:Grice reconstructed.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17778527|Grieg]]''
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84224774|Guilt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-10-24&lt;br/&gt;2019-10-30&lt;br/&gt;2019-11-13
| ''[[:d:Q2101714|police film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136384475|Gun Ghaol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[metalcore]]
|-
| [[haggis]]
| 
| [[File:Haggis Mo.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[haggis hurlin]]
| [[sport]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20877220|haggis pakora]]''
| 
| [[File:Haggis pakora.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5639068|Haig]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Bottle Haig Whiskey.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102965929|Half Mile Walk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5642753|Hallam Foe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002-04-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q184865|hammer throw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]''
| [[File:John Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85234272|Hatted kit]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Hawick News]]
| [[newspaper]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29587139|Head for the Edge, Keep Walking]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109566683|Heavy Events]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1816033|competitive sport]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21654660|traditional sport]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;-1829&quot; | -1829
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12059770|Hebridean]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''
| [[File:Hebridean ram.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10518891|Hebridean pony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]''
| [[File:Hebridean pony 1905.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58903|Heelain cattle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''
| [[File:HighlandCow.01.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124357837|Heisk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116792313|Henderson family]]''
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5713678|Hendrick's Gin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[gin]]
| [[File:Hendrick's gin 001.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35600178|Hey, my bonnie wee lassie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5752197|Hide and Seek]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1991&quot; | 1991
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| [[Hieland gemmes]]
| ''[[:d:Q18608583|recurring sporting event]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82821|tradition]]''
| [[File:2006 Highland Games (4000821702).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Hieland pownie]]
| ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]''
| [[File:Platier oye poney highland bis.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q165704|high jump]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]''
| [[File:Yelena Slesarenko jumping 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5757308|High Times]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004-09-30
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4345100|Highland Laddie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q211025|march]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35599840|Highland Minstrel Boy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5759100|Highland River]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Kenn and the Salmon.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1937&quot; | 1937
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5759332|Highlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7603925|television documentary]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5774258|Historical fencing in Scotland]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138950054|Hoagie]]''
| 
| [[File:Hoagie wrap - interior.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16979295|hodden]]''
| 
| [[File:Hodden Grey.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5883004|Hollywood Undercover]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1951776|Hooper Bay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q59557805|unreleased album]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2076441|How Late It Was, How Late]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120784241|iBomber Defense Pacific]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5990951|If You Liked School You'll Love Work]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6008981|In Another Light]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22251966|In the Cold Dark Ground]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4171155|In the Company of Cheerful Ladies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16994870|In:Demand Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108784923|Industria]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-09-30&lt;br/&gt;2022-06-09
| ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6035751|Innes Review]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6052728|International Research in Children's Literature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2008&quot; | 2008
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121320619|Introduction to Data Mining]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2020&quot; | 2020
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107495778|Inyal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16827651|Iomain]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138635039|Iomall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| [[Irn-Bru]]
| ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''
| [[File:Barr IRN-BRU Sugar Free (3 of 3).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1901&quot; | 1901
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60594312|Iron]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1676212|I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988
| ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6168304|Jazz Review]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28408003|John Burnet of Barns]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16386474|John Macnab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1925&quot; | 1925
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1232629|John Murray]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2085381|publisher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1320047|book publisher]]''
| [[File:Murray John First.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1768&quot; | 1768
| 
| 
|-
| [[Johnnie Walker]]
| ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2424752|product]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Johnnie Walker Red Label.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1820&quot; | 1820
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127273724|Johnstone Pipe Band]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20877127|Joseph Knight]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003-04-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6294829|Journal of Beckett Studies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1976&quot; | 1976
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15709992|Journal of Scottish Historical Studies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1980&quot; | 1980
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6296188|Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1971&quot; | 1971
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131749566|Jules and Greg's Wild Swim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3326476|Kailyard school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3326717|literary movement]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1880&quot; | 1880
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6375447|Kate Crackernuts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
| [[File:Page 210 illustration in English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6383736|Keiller's marmalade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1252971|food manufacturer]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1797&quot; | 1797
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114051611|Kelvingrove]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1821&quot; | 1821
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6407655|Killie pie]]''
| 
| [[File:Killie Pies and Peas.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83455708|Kinnaris Quintet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102966954|Knackers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| [[File:Knackers - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1971-070.tif|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1894&quot; | 1894
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6423081|Knots and Crosses]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1987&quot; | 1987
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16871486|Knox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18344787|Lady Agnew of Lochnaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]''
| [[File:John Singer Sargent - Lady Agnew of Lochnaw.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1892&quot; | 1892
| 
| ''[[:d:Q134307|portrait]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96278979|Lagavulin 16 years whisky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q902887|Islay single malt whisky]]''
| [[File:Lagavulin Single Islay Malt Whisky 16 years old.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q280|Lagavulin distillery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''
| [[File:Lagavulin Destillery.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1816&quot; | 1816
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6473776|Laidlaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6474100|Laird of Burnbrae]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|ryal or noble rank]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5737899|hereditary title]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6482902|Lanark: A Life in Four Books]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1981&quot; | 1981-01
| [[fantasie]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102967917|Laughing - Crying]]''
| ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16932445|Legit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6532725|Let It Bleed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113022702|LF System]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20502|house]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138798492|Liberty City Chapter 1: Gangsta Bang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133296086|video game chapter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6545063|Life and Work]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1879&quot; | 1879
| 
| 
|-
| [[Limmy's Show]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6552852|Lindsay of Evelix]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18759100|baronetcy]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Faimily|faimlie]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138635047|Linne Dhomhain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48699803|Live at Five]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126364793|Locomotive No. 10 El Esla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q785745|tank locomotive]]''
| [[File:Locomotive No. 10 El Esla - Sabero 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52243731|Logan Braes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1843&quot; | 1843
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52244260|Logan Water]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17015965|London Calling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q263673|lorne sausage]]''
| 
| [[File:Cooked Scottish square sausage.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3823287|Lot No. 249]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Doyle - Une momie qui ressuscite.djvu|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1892&quot; | 1892
| data-sort-value=&quot;1892&quot; | 1892
| ''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9103398|Love Fist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6619719|fictional musical ensemble]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Heavy metal muisic|heavy metal]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3265916|Luckenbooth brooch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q499916|brooch]]''
| [[File:Luckenbooth brooches .jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16386804|Luckypenny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1937&quot; | 1937
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1720712|Luing cattle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1208989|beef cattle]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3235797|Machair]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108829896|Mackenzie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6724904|Maconochie]]''
| 
| [[File:Maconochie army ration, Musée Somme 1916, pic-110.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6726755|Made in Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134585656|Manual Of Bacteriological Technique and Special Bacteriology]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1902&quot; | 1902
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3992409|Marabou Stork Nightmares]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| ''[[:d:Q109581872|experimental novel]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q919929|Marmion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Marmion 1st ed.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1808&quot; | 1808
| ''[[:d:Q474090|narrative poetry]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114390692|Martyrdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1825&quot; | 1825
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16386904|Marx the First]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25390447|Master Rallye]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]''
|-
| [[Maud]]
| 
| [[File:Sir John Watson Gordon - James Hogg, 1770 - 1835. Poet; 'The Ettrick Shepherd' - Google Art Project.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Mealie]]
| 
| [[File:Irish black and white pudding slices.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102320800|Mediaeval Scandinavia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112001238|Medicine Cabinet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6942541|musical collective]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6807652|Meeow!]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000-01-05
| [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6815614|Memories and Portraits]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1887&quot; | 1887
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135512349|Men in Love]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q787667|Middle of the Road]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Middle Of The Road 925-3455.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970
| 
| [[Pop muisic|pop]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q997481|bubblegum music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6843484|Midwinter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1923&quot; | 1923
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q343749|Milligan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1936983|Miniature Shetland pony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96393620|Modern Studies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3860275|Molly's Lips]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988
| ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21030926|Monkey Shoulder]]''
| [[Whisky]]
| [[File:Monkey Shoulder Whisky.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4148560|Morality for Beautiful Girls]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3222487|More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Le dynamiteur.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1885&quot; | 1885
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6914355|Mortal Causes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6915172|Morvern Callar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918341|Motormark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| 
| ''[[:d:Q861823|electroclash]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56580|digital hardcore]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6935684|munchy box]]''
| 
| [[File:Munchy Box.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106306552|Murderous Pursuits]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018-04-26
| ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6938794|Murmuring the Judges]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62067286|Murray]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82799|name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35599929|My Highland home]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35600031|My Nannie, O]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1843&quot; | 1843
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61447836|My Romantic History]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35599707|My wife has ta'en the gee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16998421|Nae Danger]]''
| 
| [[File:Nae Danger Brosef.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106584188|Neon Podcast Evangelion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105011790|anime and manga podcast]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105885182|science fiction podcast]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105908617|film and television podcast]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55114857|Night Kaleidoscope]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126834917|No Scotland No Party]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2489759|football chant]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q114909458|sports anthem]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2024&quot; | 2024
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35734131|Nora's Vow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[North Ronaldsay sheep]]
| ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''
| [[File:North ron sheep.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3406327|North Tonight]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7062764|Nothing Human Left]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7065883|Now You See It]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114105442|NRP Albéria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]''
| [[File:Patrulha Albéria.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112920258|NRP Açor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202527|minesweeper]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3308902|naval trawler]]''
| [[File:Caça-Minas Açor (2º) (1916-1918).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1906&quot; | 1906
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113866724|NRP Tomás Andrea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2074370|minehunter]]''
| [[File:Caça-minas Thomáz Andréa (Tomás Andréa).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1907&quot; | 1907
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4320515|oatmeal raisin cookie]]''
| 
| [[File:Oatmeal Cookies with orange zest, golden raisins, and chocolate chips.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62604270|Observation]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27670585|science fiction video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16874548|Ochiltree]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29587083|Of the Balance of Trade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1752&quot; | 1752
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7078954|Off the Ball]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42967802|Ogilvie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16880666|Ogilvy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| [[File:Earl of Airlie arms.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q844519|Oh No! More Lemmings]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1991&quot; | 1991
| ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3234969|Old Mortality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Tales of My Landlord 1st series 1st edition.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1816&quot; | 1816
| data-sort-value=&quot;1816&quot; | 1816
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102969297|On Imaginative Space]]''
| ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7094173|Only Fade Away]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7095381|Ooops!]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q725120|OpenTTD]]''
| [[video gemme]]&lt;br/&gt;[[free saftware]]
| [[File:Cardhill Transport, 2000-06-25.png|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q1198141|business simulation game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106580670|Orphans of the Tide]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2020&quot; | 2020-02-18&lt;br/&gt;2020-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q111984153|young adult fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7107453|Ossian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28452476|Out of Bounds]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1646194|oxford]]''
| 
| [[File:Oxford cloth.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38980|Paisley Terrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Paisley1903.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7134646|Paragraph]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1983&quot; | 1983
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7140169|Partan bree]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102969608|Pastoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98382671|Petrol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65197873|Philp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]''
| [[File:00 1953 Folklore - bagpipe player.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q816195|plaid]]''
| 
| [[File:GrantPiper.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Plain laif]]
| 
| [[File:Plain bread.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7225175|Politics Now]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7225719|Pollok, Gilmour and Company]]''
| [[Business|buisiness]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1804&quot; | 1804
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7228828|Poor Things]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123322|Porno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7232652|Portuguese Irregular Verbs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997
| ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7234119|Postcode Challenge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7239029|Prayer for the Living]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1934&quot; | 1934
| ''[[:d:Q21803247|military fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2068990|Prince Otto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Prince Otto (first edition) (title page).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1885&quot; | 1885
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47074303|Pringle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3409032|unisex gien name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7246044|Private Angelo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946
| ''[[:d:Q128758|satire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q908667|war novel]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97356280|Project Moonbase]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105580963|music podcast]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105011645|comedy podcast]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124356748|Psychoanalytic studies of personality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20540385|non-fiction literary work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107018459|Publications of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q953459|quaich]]''
| 
| [[File:Robinwoodquaich.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2469230|Quentin Durward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1823&quot; | 1823-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134717368|Quentin Durward (1912 edition)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1823&quot; | 1823-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135209247|Quick As Thieves]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7283174|Ragnarawk]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007
| ''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q584105|music video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28127686|Rather Be the Devil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7296891|Raw Spirit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003
| 
|-
| [[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1366112|drama television series]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107018559|Recent advances in surgery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107018570|Records of the Scottish Church History Society]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Red Kola]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977
| 
| 
|-
| [[Reestit mutton]]
| 
| [[File:Reestit mutton in butcher's window, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1590613.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130975239|Reforj]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| No/unknown value
| ''[[:d:Q116278106|survival sandbox video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7309799|Reheated Cabbage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7312846|Rendition: Guantanamo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61475894|cancelled/unreleased video game]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7316544|Resurrection Men]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99630482|rivlin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98383631|Robot Three]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135656125|Roll of the Baronage of Scotland]]''
| [[wabsteid]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33270056|genealogy database]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7094076|online database]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9312094|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Time Twister]]''
| ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11835185|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Wacky Worlds]]''
| ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003-01-18
| ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q9312099|RollerCoaster Tycoon: Corkscrew Follies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7362712|Romanno Bridge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2008&quot; | 2008
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7362837|Romanticism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64632119|Rosa ‘Alec’s Red’]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26817508|rose cultivar]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1825420|Rose's lime juice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''
| [[File:Rose's Lime Juice.JPG|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1867&quot; | 1867
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107018832|Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh publication]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7374788|Royal Salute whisky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Chivas38years.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116609986|Rumahoy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Rumahoy.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3389124|pirate metal]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Fowk metal]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Pouer metal]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7380801|Rushen Coatie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
| [[File:Page 150 illustration in More English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132175284|Saber Came to Tea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48811805|Sacred Paws]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Sacred Paws at Rough Trade.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| 
| ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399865|Sae flaxen were her ringlets]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7398517|Safe as Houses]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17017964|Saints of the Shadow Bible]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88296934|Saor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Saor Dark Troll 2023 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012
| 
| ''[[:d:Q65937017|atmospheric black metal]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7420877|Saorsa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56289964|Sarah's Room]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110941133|Scathe]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2022&quot; | 2022-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27902416|Schaw Statutes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q234460|text]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1598&quot; | 1598
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34221604|Scornfu' Nancy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1725&quot; | 1725
| 
|-
| [[Scot Squad]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Scotch ale]]
| ''[[:d:Q1998962|beer style]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896374|Scotch broth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18697490|lamb dish]]''
| [[File:Lunch at Inveraray Castle - Scotch broth (14342541740).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3476136|Scotch Fancy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20011823|canary breed]]''
| [[File:Our canaries (18960100635).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Scotch pie]]
| 
| [[File:Scotch pie.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''
| 
| [[File:The World of Scotch Whisky.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Scotland]]
| [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|constituent kintra o the Unitit Kinrick]]
| [[File:Scotland from satellite.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;843&quot; | 843
| 
| 
|-
| [[Scotland the Brave]]
| [[Naitional anthem]]
| [[File:Scotland the Brave.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3406251|Scotland Today]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7435657|Scotland Tonight]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15607891|Scotland's Future]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107473448|Scotland's Home of the Year]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125471642|Scotland's National]]''
| ''[[:d:Q125471605|national tartan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1125192|Scots Confession]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q183770|Christian creed]]''
| [[File:Scots Confession.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1560&quot; | 1560
| 
|-
| [[Scots Tarrie]]
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Scotish terrier burleska 2005.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7435802|Scotsmac]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Scotsport]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2878361|Scottish Backhold]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37929|Scottish Deerhound]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Deerhound 305.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7437707|Scottish Dunface]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42636|Scottish Fold]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43577|cat breed]]''
| [[File:Purple-scottish-fold.png|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3094259|Scottish Gaelic punk]]''
| [[muisic genre]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28820001|musical scene]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1978&quot; | 1978
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7762641|The Scottish Historical Review]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1921&quot; | 1921
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7437800|Scottish Journal of Theology]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7437854|Scottish Medical Journal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q73897617|toll-access journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5953270|hybrid open access journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24993955|Scottish Morning Roll]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1970833|Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]''
| ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69502940|polar expedition]]''
| [[File:Scotia on Laurie Island.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7437943|Scottish Review of Books]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2005&quot; | 2005
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18163546|Secret of the Sands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124643088|Seeds of Desolation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Daith metal]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113539840|Sena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]''
| [[File:Lancha canhoneira Sena (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10605137|Set in Darkness]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q633547|sgian-dubh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15142889|weapon family]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Shetland (TV series)|Shetland]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17019069|Shetland cattle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7495670|Shetland duck]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110536225|duck breed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7495662|Shetland Goose]]''
| ''[[:d:Q59453852|goose breed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Shetland pownie|Shetland pony]]
| ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]''
| [[File:Shetland pony (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Shetland sheep]]
| ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''
| [[File:Shetland sheep moorit.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Shinty]]
| 
| [[File:CabersGlasgow.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106586985|Shipwreck Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-03-04
| ''[[:d:Q1233720|young adult literature]]''
|-
| [[shortbreid]]
| 
| [[File:Shortbread fingers.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q180935|shot put]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]''
| [[File:Remigius Machura senior CZ championships in athletics Kladno 2005.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7504321|Shrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Shrug - December 1994.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20713615|SIA Scotch Whisky]]''
| 
| [[File:SIA Scotch Whisky Bottle.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107019022|Sidewalk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q179221|Silly Wizard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Silly Wizard2007.JPG|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q748836|Simple Minds]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:-NIMES -170618 Nimes SM2018 mk2 MG 9308-Edit.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977
| 
| ''[[:d:Q187760|new wave]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q379033|arena rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399972|Sing on, sing on]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28407918|Sir Quixote of the Moors]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q205234|siren]]''
| 
| [[File:Pneumatic siren.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1799&quot; | 1799
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117743230|Six Four]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3486108|Skagboys]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-09-17
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535484|Skinner's Ghosts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535486|Skinner's Mission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535488|Skinner's Ordeal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535492|Skinner's Round]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535490|Skinner's Rules]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535493|Skinner's Trail]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7535893|skirlie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q746549|dish]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q152532|Skol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1959&quot; | 1959
| 
| 
|-
| [[Skye Tarrie]]
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Skye terrier 800.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124313941|Sleep, Dearie, Sleep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1229479|lamentation]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114842527|Slow Roads]]''
| [[video gemme]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q178285|freeware]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-06
| data-sort-value=&quot;2022&quot; | 2022-10-22
| ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38790|Smooth Collie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:Smooth Collie 600.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135016000|Snake Venom Beer]]''
| [[beer]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q687737|Bock]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q188407|Snow Patrol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Snow Patrol Band.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q502330|Soay sheep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''
| [[File:Horned Soay ram close-up.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109647834|Solar Flux]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-10-24&lt;br/&gt;2013-12-19&lt;br/&gt;2018-12-11
| ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48700473|Soldier's Dream]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1917&quot; | 1917-10
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7560123|Something Leather]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1990&quot; | 1990
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7562723|Soor ploom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7571846|sowans]]''
| [[fuid]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122196512|Spalding family]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108412167|Spinning Coin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7579584|Sporting Lucas Terrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7581984|SquareGo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007-08
| ''[[:d:Q69662460|video game magazine]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7582190|Squeak!]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4675044|St. Ives]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:St Ives - frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1897&quot; | 1897
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3232270|St. Ronan's Well]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:St Ronan 1824.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1823&quot; | 1823-12-27
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16545107|Standing in Another Man's Grave]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-11-08
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7601283|starrie]]''
| 
| [[File:Star Rock.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q283638|Stealers Wheel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Stealers Wheel - TopPop 1973 9.png|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972
| 
| ''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31797868|STEALL]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7615983|Stewart of Balquhidder]]''
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7619276|Stonemouth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-04-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107570722|Stories of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105011823|history podcast]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106625351|society and culture podcast]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106462625|places and travel podcast]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7620316|Stornoway black pudding]]''
| 
| [[File:Stornoway Black Pudding.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Stovies]]
| [[fuid]]
| [[File:Stovies.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7623883|Striking and Picturesque Delineations of the Grand, Beautiful, Wonderful, and Interesting Scenery Around Loch-Earn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1815&quot; | 1815
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3976065|String Driven Thing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1969&quot; | 1969
| 
| ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q649634|progressive folk]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7624072|Strip Jack]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7628082|Studies in World Christianity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7394864|STV Appeal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-09-11
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7394869|STV News]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1358344|news program]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7394875|STV Rugby]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7394876|STV Sports Centre]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4050322|Suffocate Me]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169930|Extended play]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7639411|Sunday Herald]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2302208|Sunday newspaper]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[newspaper]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999-02-07
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7639435|Sunday Live]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3655833|Sunset Song]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1932&quot; | 1932
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138772740|SVR-Baureihe G4]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20650761|tender locomotive]]''
| [[File:SVR G4 Nr. 186 Lieferfoto.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16884098|Swanston]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112039696|Swim School]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Swim School (52074599463).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65958455|Sword of Asumi]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015-01-08
| ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3502845|tablet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110220935|Sinterklaas candy]]''
| [[File:Butter tablet.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60754147|Talisk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:&quot;Talisk and Gardiner Brothers presents Unleashed&quot; concert 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''
|-
| [[Tartan]]
| 
| [[File:Three tartans.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q944307|Tartan Noir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1328330|hardboiled]]''
|-
| [[Tattie scone]]
| 
| [[File:Scone varieties.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7691104|Tea Time for the Traditionally Built]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7691183|Teacher's Highland Cream]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| [[File:Teacher's Highland Cream 20cl bottle 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1884&quot; | 1884
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4148516|Tears of the Giraffe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000
| ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54868317|Teenage Superstars]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017
| ''[[:d:Q93204|documentarie film]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113539814|Tete]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]''
| [[File:Lancha canhoneira Tete (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7711289|That Summer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2717772|The Abbot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:The Abbot 1820.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1820&quot; | 1820
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7712228|The Accounting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7712251|The Acid House]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7714323|The Arran Banner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[newspaper]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743137|The Associates]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Billy-Mackenzie-Dundee-Scotland-1985.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1979&quot; | 1979
| 
| ''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3791280|The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2006&quot; | 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3232591|The Betrothed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Betrothed 1825.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1825&quot; | 1825-06-22
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7718176|The Bishop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7718257|The Black Book]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3224969|The Black Dwarf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Sir Walter Scott - Elshie, The Black Dwarf.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1816&quot; | 1816-12-02
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1217958|The Blue Afternoon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2411893|The Body Snatcher]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The Wrong Box and The Body-Snatcher book cover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1884&quot; | 1884-12
| ''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34521753|The Book of Scottish Song]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1843&quot; | 1843
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7719471|The Botanist]]''
| 
| [[File:The Botanist Islay Dry Gin 03.tif|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q896059|The Boys of the Lough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43343|fowk muisic]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35600286|The Bridal Day]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2659725|The Bride of Lammermoor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Charles Robert Leslie - Sir Walter Scott - Ravenswood and Lucy at the Mermaiden's Well - Bride of Lammermoor.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1819&quot; | 1819
| data-sort-value=&quot;1819&quot; | 1819
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4304488|The Bridge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1986&quot; | 1986-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34523326|The Brier Bush]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16849669|The Busconductor Hines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35600393|The Bush aboon Traquair]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7720737|The Business]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7720943|The Cairngorms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1928&quot; | 1928
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20617543|The Celtic Monthly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1876&quot; | 1876
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7721856|The Celtic View]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7727087|The Complaints]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-09-03
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7727319|The Cone Gatherers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19902801|The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie cover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1909&quot; | 1909
| [[cuikin]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85806850|The Cotter's Saturday Night]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The toil-worn cottar....engraving by William Miller after Faed.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1786&quot; | 1786
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7727846|The Course of Time]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1827&quot; | 1827
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7727866|The Courts of the Morning]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1929&quot; | 1929
| ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16241321|The Crow Road]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7728533|The Cutting Room]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7728834|The Dancing Floor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1926&quot; | 1926&lt;br/&gt;1926-07
| ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48799259|The Dark Horse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| [[File:The Dark Horse Issue 17.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30078025|The Devil That Danced on the Water: A Daughter's Quest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7730406|The Divided Lady]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7730727|The Double Comfort Safari Club]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19362881|The dress]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2927074|internet meme]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123261191|optical illusion image]]''
| [[File:Wikipe-tan wearing The Dress reduced.svg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4674957|The Ebb-Tide. A Trio and a Quartette]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson's new story, The ebb-tide.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1894&quot; | 1894
| ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52243476|The Emigrant's Farewell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1819&quot; | 1819
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3209885|The Fair Maid of Perth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Fair Maid of Perth Illustration 1859.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1828&quot; | 1828-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7733256|The Falls]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2001&quot; | 2001
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16062387|The Field of Blood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85807163|The Fire Gospel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7734296|The Five Thirty Show]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7734499|The Flood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1986&quot; | 1986
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3230799|The Fortunes of Nigel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Nigel 1822.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1822&quot; | 1822-05-29
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69780430|The Fourth Sacrifice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000
| ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7735651|The Gallovidian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1899&quot; | 1899
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106877405|The ghost]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1796&quot; | 1796
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7736610|The Girl on the Stairs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012
| ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7960828|The Good Husband of Zebra Drive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7738170|The Green Isle of the Great Deep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7738755|The Hanging Garden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2091094|The Heart of Midlothian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Whistler James Arrangement in Yellow and Grey Effie Deans 1877.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1818&quot; | 1818
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109622189|The Hermit of Treig]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11578774|broadcasting program]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2022&quot; | 2022-03-05
| 
|-
| [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7739651|The Highlander]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1873&quot; | 1873-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30598561|The Hired Man]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013
| ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7739797|The History of Orkney Literature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76780872|The Home of a Naturalist]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112983|memoir]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7740720|The House with the Green Shutters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1901&quot; | 1901
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16386409|The Island of Sheep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1936&quot; | 1936
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7743629|The Journal of Sir Walter Scott]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The Journal of Sir Walter Scott.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1890&quot; | 1890
| ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4148524|The Kalahari Typing School for Men]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7744522|The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50400004|The Laird o' Cockpen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38063812|The Laird o' Lamington]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1843&quot; | 1843
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39071320|The Late Show]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7746381|The Law]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:The Law.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7747260|The Light Princess]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1864&quot; | 1864
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16386716|The Little Friend]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1929&quot; | 1929
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7748150|The Loner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20664530|crime literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3521717|The Mackenzies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7749994|The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2615930|The Master of Ballantrae]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Themasterofballantreacover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1889&quot; | 1889
| ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29830265|The Memory of Love]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3232887|The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Merrymencover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1887&quot; | 1887
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137362964|The Minstrel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1771&quot; | 1771&lt;br/&gt;1774
| [[Poetry]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7751631|The Miracle at Speedy Motors]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2008&quot; | 2008
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25171819|The Missing and the Dead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3224650|The Monastery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The Monastery 1820.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1820&quot; | 1820
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7752117|The Month of the Falling Leaves]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125415042|The monthly record of the Free Church of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102974587|The Mountains of Holland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136468173|The Munros]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7753075|The Naming of the Dead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2006&quot; | 2006
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| [[The National]]
| [[newspaper]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014-11-24
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7753227|The National Youth Pipe Band of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2003&quot; | 2003
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21997676|The Natural History of Aleppo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1756&quot; | 1756
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89554752|The Nest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2020&quot; | 2020-03-22
| ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7754192|The Nightshift]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65121308|The Nine]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7754620|The Oban Times]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[newspaper]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1861&quot; | 1861
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399414|The Old Scottish Gentleman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30504|The Pastels]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:The Pastels.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1982&quot; | 1982
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3225628|The Pirate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The Pirate 1822.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1822&quot; | 1822
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111143082|pirate fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133225145|The Place-Names of Dumfriesshire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1935&quot; | 1935
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7757907|The Power-House]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1916&quot; | 1916
| ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2992437|The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1824&quot; | 1824
| ''[[:d:Q110540276|satirical fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20737414|philosophical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16259578|The Quarry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-06-20
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7759357|The Rajah's Diamond]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:The Rajah's Diamond Cover.png|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1878&quot; | 1878&lt;br/&gt;1878-06
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27887393|The Red Chair]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1924&quot; | 1924
| 
| ''[[:d:Q170571|still life]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7760409|The Return of John MacNab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399585|The Rose of Allandale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7762300|The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7762630|The Scots Independent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1926&quot; | 1926
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3522619|The Scots Magazine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1739&quot; | 1739-02-09
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20713036|The Scots Peerage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q277759|book series]]''
| [[File:The Scots Peerage book cover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107019566|The Scottish educational journal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7762640|The Scottish Golf Show]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7762742|The Sea-Maiden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
| [[File:Celtic Fairy Tales - Frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18153910|The Sex Lives of Siamese Twins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7763696|The Sharp Grey Sheep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]''
| [[File:Thomas Barker (1769-1847) (style of) - A Shepherdess and Sheep - 960240 - National Trust.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[The Shetland Times]]
| [[newspaper]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1872&quot; | 1872
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3235628|The Silverado Squatters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Silveradosquatters.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1883&quot; | 1883
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7764640|The Skinny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2005&quot; | 2005
| data-sort-value=&quot;2005&quot; | 2005-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399516|The Soldier's Grave]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18163405|The Spook School]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:The Spook School (band).jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| 
| ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7766351|The Stars in the Bright Sky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2010&quot; | 2010
| ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q151337|The State of the Art]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7766457|The Steep Approach to Garbadale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7766664|The Stooping Venus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1926&quot; | 1926
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20713321|The Strange Death of Labour Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2468419|The Suicide Club]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Image taken from page 296 of 'The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond. (Extracted from “New Arabian Nights.)' (11230166996).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1878&quot; | 1878
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7767999|The Tale of the Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17022016|The Tales of Para Handy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q952340|The Talisman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Talisman 1825.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1825&quot; | 1825-06-22
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1438448|The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193495|monograph]]''
| [[File:Adam Smith Moral Sentiments 1759.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1759&quot; | 1759
| ''[[:d:Q742609|human naitur]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7769008|The Three Hostages]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1924&quot; | 1924
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97823855|The Tourists]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2537887|The Two Babylons]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Two-babylons.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1853&quot; | 1853
| ''[[:d:Q18536349|polemical lampoon]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107019665|The Unicorn review]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3230605|The Valorous Years]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1940&quot; | 1940
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7772590|The View from Daniel Pike]]''
| [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35600464|The Widow's Lament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7775906|The World, the Flesh, and Father Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2753955|The Wrecker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson, 1885.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1892&quot; | 1892
| data-sort-value=&quot;1892&quot; | 1892
| ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3548866|The Wrong Box]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Thewrongboxcover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1889&quot; | 1889
| ''[[:d:Q53094|black comedy]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15015194|Theory of the Earth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Trans Royal Society of Edinburgh cover.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1788&quot; | 1788
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65580287|There Grows a Bonnie Brier Bush]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35599554|There lives a young lassie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7785209|Thirty-five years in the Punjab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1908&quot; | 1908
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7797011|Thoughts of My Cats]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954
| ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7801277|tiffin]]''
| 
| [[File:Scottish Tiffin.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7802867|Tilllate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810921|To Every Man a Penny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130442608|Tongues.]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7824261|Tooth and Nail]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7824470|Top Club]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110363629|Torridon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10700627|Tottie family]]''
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]
| [[File:Tottieska malmgården 2009b.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105722111|Towers of Everland]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2020&quot; | 2020-05-22
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10915891|TRA Class BT40]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832486|locomotive class]]''
| [[File:Taiwan Railway Steam Locomotive No. 71.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]]
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107019751|Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3997517|Transition]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-09-03
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7834524|Translation and Literature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124720713|Transport Tycoon: World Editor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q848362|Tremulous]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| [[File:Tremulous - alien base grenade.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2005&quot; | 2005-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q748677|Turtlehead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994
| 
| [[Punk rock]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399436|Two Original Songs by Tannahill]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17104407|Two Wings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009
| 
| [[Rock muisic|rock]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56244892|Tytler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3965250|Under the Skin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2000&quot; | 2000
| [[Science fiction|science feection]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7897476|Unsolved]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2004&quot; | 2004-01-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34223348|Up amang yon cliffy rocks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7899993|Urban Realm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1922&quot; | 1922
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7900177|Urban the Ninth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7875683|USS Yacona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q331795|patrol vessel]]''
| [[File:Iate Amélia III.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1518444|Vat 69]]''
| ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Whisky]]
| [[File:Whisky VAT69.jpg|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1882&quot; | 1882
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124045104|Verdict Guilty - 유죄 평결]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016-06-13&lt;br/&gt;2023-02-16&lt;br/&gt;2023-03-15&lt;br/&gt;2023-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q846224|fechtin gemme]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7923296|Vespers in Vienna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96414055|Vistas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1342485|Von Wright]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4349149|nobility of Finland]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q808113|Walking on Glass]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1985&quot; | 1985-03-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115046742|Walmer Castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12859788|steamship]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1872&quot; | 1872
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127032002|WARD (Scottish)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87712836|Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017-01-19
| ''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]''
|-
| [[Wast Hieland White Tarrie|Wast Hieland White Terrier]]
| ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]''
| [[File:West Highland White Terrier Krakow.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7973169|Watchman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988
| ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7977735|We See Lights]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:We See Lights at the Leith Dockers Club.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42201|independent music]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1213386|Weir of Hermiston]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| [[File:Stevenson - Weir of Hermiston (1896).title.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1896&quot; | 1896
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7989828|Westwind]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1990&quot; | 1990
| ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17066530|When They Lay Bare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999
| 
|-
| [[Whisky]]
| 
| [[File:A Glass of Whiskey on the Rocks.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7887604|Whisky Galore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947
| ''[[:d:Q193979|farce]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7994093|Whit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7995483|White Trash]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Pop muisic|pop]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60421981|Who's That Lady With My Man]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1976&quot; | 1976
| ''[[:d:Q517415|Europop]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q58339|disco]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55642686|Wigilia]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014
| ''[[:d:Q28026639|Christmas film]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16531882|William Lawson's]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1849&quot; | 1849
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50399803|Willie was a wanton wag]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17039057|Witch Hunt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8027856|Witch Wood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1927&quot; | 1927
| ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135975528|Without Permission]]''
| [[film]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8028891|Wknd@stv]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2257155|Wolfstone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| [[File:Stuart et Colin.JPG|center|128px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q606060|women's association football]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10708051|competition class]]''
| [[File:Pepi Piazza.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3003796|women's lacrosse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]''
| [[File:Womens lacrosse1.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3569843|Woodstock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''
| [[File:Frontispiece 1863 Woodstock-neat.png|center|128px]]
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1826&quot; | 1826-04-28
| ''[[:d:Q136472|historical prose literature]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130777372|Wrest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017
| 
| ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8038539|Writing on the Wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q206159|psychedelic rock]]''
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113301675|Xena: Warrior Princess]]''
| [[video gemme]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2007&quot; | 2007
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113644471|Ye Banks and Braes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1788&quot; | 1788
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80133851|Young Hunting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [[Rock muisic|rock]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20714233|Your Cheatin' Heart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1259759|miniseries]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5839193|Éire Óg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27962852|Étrangers au paradis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]''
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1959&quot; | 1959
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97587415|Ímar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1771297|English folk music]]''
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pointless (sang)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>233514</id>
    <revision>
      <id>917498</id>
      <parentid>917195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T19:58:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>917498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2835" sha1="9h7kdxyy4lv7vgeoul4n7zrvb40prjb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sang
| name       = Pointless
| cover      = 
| type       = single
| artist     = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| album      = [[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]
| released   = {{start date|2022|12|2|df=y}}
| genre    = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fresheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-music-notes-piano-pdf/|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music, Notes &amp; Chords|website=FreSheetMusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| length     = 3:48
| label      =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer     =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[Johnny McDaid]]
* [[Steve Mac]]
* [[Ed Sheeran]]
| producer   = Steve Mac
| prev_title = [[Forget Me]]
| prev_year  = 2022
| next_title = [[How I'm Feeling Now (sang)|How I'm Feeling Now]]
| next_year  = 2023
| misc       = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|HlNGI4LbAto|&quot;Pointless&quot;}}
}}
}}
&quot;'''Pointless'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Pyntless'') is a sang bi sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 2 December 2022 as the seicont single frae his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' (2023). &quot;Pointless&quot; reached nummer-ane in the [[UK singles chairt|UK Singles Chairt]] on 13 Januar 2023, becomin Capaldi's fowert nummer-ane single in the Unitit Kinrick.

== Backgrund ==
&quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Capaldi, [[Johnny McDaid]], [[Steve Mac]] an [[Ed Sheeran]]. Capaldi postit previews o the sang in November 2022. In an interview wi ''[[The Big Issue]]'', he exponed that the track is aboot &quot;bein in luve&quot; an that he hopes tae hae it pleyed at weddins. The sang oreeginally stems frae an unfinished track that Mac, McDaid an Sheeran haed been wirkin on. Efter hearin it, Capaldi &quot;tweaked it a wee bit&quot; an pit his &quot;stamp&quot; on it, writin the chorus an the middle aicht.

== Muisic an leerics ==
Wirds an Muisic fur &quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Johnny McDaid an Steve Mac. The sang wis oreeginally published in the key o E Major an stairts wi E/A/B/E/A/B/E progression wi leerics &quot;A bring her coffee in the forenuin, she brings me inner peace. A tak her oot tae fancy restaurants, she taks the sadness oot o me.&quot;. The tempo o the score is &quot;Ballad&quot;.

== Muisic video ==
The muisic video wis directit bi Hector Dockrill. It tells the story o a single mither, pleyed bi Erse actress [[Niamh Algar]], raisin her son, pleyed bi Breetish actor George Jaques.

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications fur &quot;Pointless&quot;}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|award=Gowd|type=single|certyear=2024|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Lewis Capaldi|title=Pointless|award=Platinum|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=18712-4876-1|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}</text>
      <sha1>9h7kdxyy4lv7vgeoul4n7zrvb40prjb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>917499</id>
      <parentid>917498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T19:59:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>917499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2835" sha1="aduhsa3n8mzu0nxjzo2tasebimhejxq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sang
| name       = Pointless
| cover      = 
| type       = single
| artist     = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| album      = [[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]
| released   = {{start date|2022|12|2|df=y}}
| genre    = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fresheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-music-notes-piano-pdf/|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music, Notes &amp; Chords|website=FreSheetMusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| length     = 3:48
| label      =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer     =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[Johnny McDaid]]
* [[Steve Mac]]
* [[Ed Sheeran]]
| producer   = Steve Mac
| prev_title = [[Forget Me]]
| prev_year  = 2022
| next_title = [[How I'm Feeling Now (sang)|How I'm Feeling Now]]
| next_year  = 2023
| misc       = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|HlNGI4LbAto|&quot;Pointless&quot;}}
}}
}}
&quot;'''Pointless'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Pyntless'') is a sang bi sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 2 December 2022 as the seicont single frae his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' (2023). &quot;Pointless&quot; reached nummer-ane in the [[UK singles chairt|UK Singles Chairt]] on 13 Januar 2023, becomin Capaldi's fowert nummer-ane single in the Unitit Kinrick.

== Backgrund ==
&quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Capaldi, [[Johnny McDaid]], [[Steve Mac]] an [[Ed Sheeran]]. Capaldi postit previews o the sang in November 2022. In an interview wi ''[[The Big Issue]]'', he exponed that the track is aboot &quot;bein in luve&quot; an that he hopes tae hae it pleyed at weddins. The sang oreeginally stems frae an unfinished track that Mac, McDaid an Sheeran haed been wirkin on. Efter hearin it, Capaldi &quot;tweaked it a wee bit&quot; an pit his &quot;stamp&quot; on it, writin the chorus an the middle aicht.

== Muisic an leerics ==
Wirds an Muisic fur &quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Johnny McDaid an Steve Mac. The sang wis oreeginally published in the key o E Major an stairts wi E/A/B/E/A/B/E progression wi leerics &quot;A bring her coffee in the forenuin, she brings me inner peace. A tak her oot tae fancy restaurants, she taks the sadness oot o me.&quot;. The tempo o the score is &quot;Ballad&quot;.

== Muisic video ==
The muisic video wis directit bi Hector Dockrill. It tells the story o a single mither, pleyed bi Erse actress [[Niamh Algar]], raisin her son, pleyed bi Breetish actor George Jaques.

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications fur &quot;Pointless&quot;}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|award=Gold|type=single|certyear=2024|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Lewis Capaldi|title=Pointless|award=Platinum|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=18712-4876-1|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}</text>
      <sha1>aduhsa3n8mzu0nxjzo2tasebimhejxq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>917500</id>
      <parentid>917499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:00:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>917500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3241" sha1="jxd0tk21q62xrt33woyrumw96xzapog" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sang
| name       = Pointless
| cover      = 
| type       = single
| artist     = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| album      = [[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]
| released   = {{start date|2022|12|2|df=y}}
| genre    = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fresheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-music-notes-piano-pdf/|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music, Notes &amp; Chords|website=FreSheetMusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| length     = 3:48
| label      =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer     =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[Johnny McDaid]]
* [[Steve Mac]]
* [[Ed Sheeran]]
| producer   = Steve Mac
| prev_title = [[Forget Me]]
| prev_year  = 2022
| next_title = [[How I'm Feeling Now (sang)|How I'm Feeling Now]]
| next_year  = 2023
| misc       = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|HlNGI4LbAto|&quot;Pointless&quot;}}
}}
}}
&quot;'''Pointless'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Pyntless'') is a sang bi sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 2 December 2022 as the seicont single frae his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' (2023). &quot;Pointless&quot; reached nummer-ane in the [[UK singles chairt|UK Singles Chairt]] on 13 Januar 2023, becomin Capaldi's fowert nummer-ane single in the Unitit Kinrick.

== Backgrund ==
&quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Capaldi, [[Johnny McDaid]], [[Steve Mac]] an [[Ed Sheeran]]. Capaldi postit previews o the sang in November 2022. In an interview wi ''[[The Big Issue]]'', he exponed that the track is aboot &quot;bein in luve&quot; an that he hopes tae hae it pleyed at weddins. The sang oreeginally stems frae an unfinished track that Mac, McDaid an Sheeran haed been wirkin on. Efter hearin it, Capaldi &quot;tweaked it a wee bit&quot; an pit his &quot;stamp&quot; on it, writin the chorus an the middle aicht.

== Muisic an leerics ==
Wirds an Muisic fur &quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Johnny McDaid an Steve Mac. The sang wis oreeginally published in the key o E Major an stairts wi E/A/B/E/A/B/E progression wi leerics &quot;A bring her coffee in the forenuin, she brings me inner peace. A tak her oot tae fancy restaurants, she taks the sadness oot o me.&quot;. The tempo o the score is &quot;Ballad&quot;.

== Muisic video ==
The muisic video wis directit bi Hector Dockrill. It tells the story o a single mither, pleyed bi Erse actress [[Niamh Algar]], raisin her son, pleyed bi Breetish actor George Jaques.

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications fur &quot;Pointless&quot;}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|award=Gold|type=single|certyear=2024|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Lewis Capaldi|title=Pointless|award=Platinum|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=18712-4876-1|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2022 singles]]
[[Category:2022 sangs]]
[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:Lewis Capaldi sangs]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Lewis Capaldi]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Ed Sheeran]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Johnny McDaid]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Steve Mac]]
[[Category:UK singles chairt nummer-ane singles]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]</text>
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      <id>917501</id>
      <parentid>917500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:07:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="5130" sha1="c0lixq4fl7i2cc5csmrwbyxnermmw0t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sang
| name       = Pointless
| cover      = 
| type       = single
| artist     = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| album      = [[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]
| released   = {{start date|2022|12|2|df=y}}
| genre    = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fresheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-music-notes-piano-pdf/|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music, Notes &amp; Chords|website=FreSheetMusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| length     = 3:48
| label      =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer     =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[Johnny McDaid]]
* [[Steve Mac]]
* [[Ed Sheeran]]
| producer   = Steve Mac
| prev_title = [[Forget Me]]
| prev_year  = 2022
| next_title = [[How I'm Feeling Now (sang)|How I'm Feeling Now]]
| next_year  = 2023
| misc       = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|HlNGI4LbAto|&quot;Pointless&quot;}}
}}
}}
&quot;'''Pointless'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Pyntless'') is a sang bi sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 2 December 2022 as the seicont single frae his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' (2023). &quot;Pointless&quot; reached nummer-ane in the [[UK singles chairt|UK Singles Chairt]] on 13 Januar 2023, becomin Capaldi's fowert nummer-ane single in the Unitit Kinrick.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ainsley|first=Helen|date=2023-01-13|title=Lewis Capaldi scores fourth Official Number 1 single with Pointless: “The support has been incredible”|language=en|work=Official Charts|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/lewis-capaldi-scores-fourth-official-number-1-single-with-pointless-the-support-has-been-incredible-__38287/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Backgrund ==
&quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Capaldi, [[Johnny McDaid]], [[Steve Mac]] an [[Ed Sheeran]]. Capaldi postit previews o the sang in November 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Richards|first=Will|date=2022-11-27|title=Listen to a snippet of Lewis Capaldi's new single 'Pointless'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/listen-to-a-snippet-of-lewis-capaldis-new-single-pointless-3356347|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[NME]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an interview wi ''[[The Big Issue]]'', he exponed that the track is aboot &quot;bein in luve&quot; an that he hopes tae hae it pleyed at weddins. The sang oreeginally stems frae an unfinished track that Mac, McDaid an Sheeran haed been wirkin on. Efter hearin it, Capaldi &quot;tweaked it a wee bit&quot; an pit his &quot;stamp&quot; on it, writin the chorus an the middle aicht.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=MacKenzie|first=Steven|date=2022-12-02|title=Lewis Capaldi is hoping his new single Pointless will be played at weddings|url=https://www.bigissue.com/culture/music/exclusive-lewis-capaldi-is-hoping-his-new-single-pointless-will-be-played-at-weddings/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The Big Issue]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muisic an leerics ==
Wirds an Muisic fur &quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Johnny McDaid an Steve Mac. The sang wis oreeginally published in the key o E Major an stairts wi E/A/B/E/A/B/E progression wi leerics &quot;A bring her coffee in the forenuin, she brings me inner peace. A tak her oot tae fancy restaurants, she taks the sadness oot o me.&quot;. The tempo o the score is &quot;Ballad&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-12-02|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music|url=https://freshsheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-piano-chords/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=freshsheetmusic.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muisic video ==
The muisic video wis directit bi Hector Dockrill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wilkes|first=Emma|date=2022-12-16|title=Lewis Capaldi shares touching new video for 'Pointless'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/lewis-capaldi-shares-touching-new-video-for-pointless-3368142|access-date=2026-05-31|website=NME|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; It tells the story o a single mither, pleyed bi Erse actress [[Niamh Algar]], raisin her son, pleyed bi Breetish actor George Jaques.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mier|first=Tomás|date=2022-12-16|title=Lewis Capaldi Shares a Poignant Ode to Moms in 'Pointless' Video|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lewis-capaldi-pointless-video-1234648800/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications fur &quot;Pointless&quot;}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|award=Gold|type=single|certyear=2024|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Lewis Capaldi|title=Pointless|award=Platinum|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=18712-4876-1|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2022 singles]]
[[Category:2022 sangs]]
[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:Lewis Capaldi sangs]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Lewis Capaldi]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Ed Sheeran]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Johnny McDaid]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Steve Mac]]
[[Category:UK singles chairt nummer-ane singles]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]</text>
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      <id>917502</id>
      <parentid>917501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="5258" sha1="piz6r86ed6gl66diu3lvhzbjbauivt0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox sang
| name       = Pointless
| cover      = 
| type       = single
| artist     = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| album      = [[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]
| released   = {{start date|2022|12|2|df=y}}
| genre    = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fresheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-music-notes-piano-pdf/|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music, Notes &amp; Chords|website=FreSheetMusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| length     = 3:48
| label      =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer     =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[Johnny McDaid]]
* [[Steve Mac]]
* [[Ed Sheeran]]
| producer   = Steve Mac
| prev_title = [[Forget Me]]
| prev_year  = 2022
| next_title = [[How I'm Feeling Now (sang)|How I'm Feeling Now]]
| next_year  = 2023
| misc       = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|HlNGI4LbAto|&quot;Pointless&quot;}}
}}
}}
&quot;'''Pointless'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Pyntless'') is a sang bi sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 2 December 2022 as the seicont single frae his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' (2023). &quot;Pointless&quot; reached nummer-ane in the [[UK singles chairt|UK Singles Chairt]] on 13 Januar 2023, becomin Capaldi's fowert nummer-ane single in the Unitit Kinrick.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ainsley|first=Helen|date=2023-01-13|title=Lewis Capaldi scores fourth Official Number 1 single with Pointless: “The support has been incredible”|language=en|work=Official Charts|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/lewis-capaldi-scores-fourth-official-number-1-single-with-pointless-the-support-has-been-incredible-__38287/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Backgrund ==
&quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Capaldi, [[Johnny McDaid]], [[Steve Mac]] an [[Ed Sheeran]]. Capaldi postit previews o the sang in November 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Richards|first=Will|date=2022-11-27|title=Listen to a snippet of Lewis Capaldi's new single 'Pointless'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/listen-to-a-snippet-of-lewis-capaldis-new-single-pointless-3356347|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[NME]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an interview wi ''[[The Big Issue]]'', he exponed that the track is aboot &quot;bein in luve&quot; an that he hopes tae hae it pleyed at weddins. The sang oreeginally stems frae an unfinished track that Mac, McDaid an Sheeran haed been wirkin on. Efter hearin it, Capaldi &quot;tweaked it a wee bit&quot; an pit his &quot;stamp&quot; on it, writin the chorus an the middle aicht.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=MacKenzie|first=Steven|date=2022-12-02|title=Lewis Capaldi is hoping his new single Pointless will be played at weddings|url=https://www.bigissue.com/culture/music/exclusive-lewis-capaldi-is-hoping-his-new-single-pointless-will-be-played-at-weddings/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The Big Issue]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muisic an leerics ==
Wirds an Muisic fur &quot;Pointless&quot; wis written bi Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Johnny McDaid an Steve Mac. The sang wis oreeginally published in the key o E Major an stairts wi E/A/B/E/A/B/E progression wi leerics &quot;A bring her coffee in the forenuin, she brings me inner peace. A tak her oot tae fancy restaurants, she taks the sadness oot o me.&quot;. The tempo o the score is &quot;Ballad&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-12-02|title=Lewis Capaldi 'Pointless' Sheet Music|url=https://freshsheetmusic.com/lewis-capaldi-pointless-piano-chords/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=freshsheetmusic.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muisic video ==
The muisic video wis directit bi Hector Dockrill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wilkes|first=Emma|date=2022-12-16|title=Lewis Capaldi shares touching new video for 'Pointless'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/lewis-capaldi-shares-touching-new-video-for-pointless-3368142|access-date=2026-05-31|website=NME|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; It tells the story o a single mither, pleyed bi Erse actress [[Niamh Algar]], raisin her son, pleyed bi Breetish actor George Jaques.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mier|first=Tomás|date=2022-12-16|title=Lewis Capaldi Shares a Poignant Ode to Moms in 'Pointless' Video|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lewis-capaldi-pointless-video-1234648800/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications fur &quot;Pointless&quot;}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|award=Gold|type=single|certyear=2024|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Lewis Capaldi|title=Pointless|award=Platinum|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=18712-4876-1|access-date=2026-05-31}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
{{sister project links|d=Q116169725|q=no|c=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2022 singles]]
[[Category:2022 sangs]]
[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:Lewis Capaldi sangs]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Lewis Capaldi]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Ed Sheeran]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Johnny McDaid]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Steve Mac]]
[[Category:UK singles chairt nummer-ane singles]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>How I'm Feeling Now (sang)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="4880" sha1="4z9uoh6vx37qseud38gg6ugyxodgzr8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox single
| name          = How I'm Feeling Now
| cover         =
| caption       = Promotional kiver airtwirk
| artist        = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| released      = 17 Mairch 2023
| genre         = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
| length        = 3:46
| label         =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer        =
* [[Lewis Capaldi]]
* [[Tobias Jesso Jr.]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Tom Barnes]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Pete Kelleher]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Ben Kohn]]
| producer      =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[TMS (production team)|TMS]]
| misc          = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|x7vqvZlyxfw|&quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;}}
}}
|next_single_year=2023|last_single_title=[[Pointless (sang)|Pointless]]|next_single_title=[[Wish You the Best (sang)|Wish You the Best]]|last_single_year=2022}}
&quot;'''How I'm Feeling Now'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A'm Feelin Nou'') is a sang bi Scots sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 17 Mairch 2023 throu [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]] an [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] an serves as a promotional single fur his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'', as weel as his [[Netflix]] documentary, ''[[Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now]]''.

== Backgrund an release ==
On 17 Mairch 2023, a day efter the trailer fur ''Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now'' wis lowsed,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-05|title=Lewis Capaldi's How I'm Feeling Now Documentary: How To Watch, Release Date &amp; What It's About|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/news/lewis-capaldi-how-im-feeling-now-documentary-watch-release-date/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Capital (radio netwirk)|Capital FM]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Capaldi lowsed the promotional single fur the documentary, titled &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Song “How I'm Feeling Now” &amp; Trailer for Documentary “Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now”|url=https://www.pmstudio.com/music/20230317-19336|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The sang tauks aboot Capaldi's struggles wi mental heal an the life-chyngin effecks o fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daly|first=Rhian|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Opens Up About Mental Health On ‘How I’m Feeling Now’|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/lewis-capaldi-mental-health-how-im-feeling-now/|access-date=2026-05-31|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Jaden|date=2023-03-19|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Intriguing Single “How I’m Feeling Now” -|url=https://music.mxdwn.com/2023/03/19/news/lewis-capaldi-releases-new-intriguing-single-how-im-feeling-now/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=mxdwn.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On social media, Capaldi says, &quot;It’s the last sang a wrate fur [''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent''],&quot; an that it's &quot;aw aboot something a’v niver really written aboot in ma muisic afore,&quot; referrin tae his mental heal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Creetical reception ==
In a review o the sang, ''Music Talkers'' pynts oot the vocal range that Capaldi stairts in on the record bein lower nor uisual, sayin &quot;it gies &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot; a fresh feel.&quot; Thay continue, &quot;We ken whan the delivery o the sang biggs that Capaldi is gaein tae gie us some raw passion in the vocals, an wi the topic as sensitive as this track is, we can really feel that emotion come throu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Arnold|first=Phil|date=2023-03-27|title=Review: Lewis Capaldi's Latest 'How I'm Feeling Now'|url=https://musictalkers.com/reviews/8767-review-lewis-capaldi-s-latest-how-i%E2%80%99m-feeling-now|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=Music Talkers|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Brayden o ''[[Hot Press]]'' says the sang &quot;gets him whaur he needs tae be in terms o speceeficity an authenticity.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brayden|first=Kate|date=2023-05-12|title=Album Review: Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent|url=https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/album-review-lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-22967141|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Hot Press]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Solomon o ''i'' says, &quot;The sang haes the aura o a fowk tale retuiled fur a [[Latitude Fest|Latitude]] heidline slot but thare is real feelin ahint it. It ends abruptly, leavin ye tae wonder if Capaldi is actually OK or whether he haes actually been broken bi his awn desire tae dae an be better?&quot; ''[[The Independent]]'''s Annabel Nugent states that in the sang, &quot;Capaldi soonds maist lik himsel, insteid o a sangster strivin fur something. It’s nae coincidence that it’s the best moment o the record an aa.&quot; Thomas Smith o ''[[NME]]'' writes, &quot;Moments lik this – candid, coarse – are whaur Capaldi shaws growt an whaur he shoud gae nixt.&quot;</text>
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      <id>917504</id>
      <parentid>917503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:23:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="5972" sha1="lstloh0tqeyurcjr48d8x3967jevdyo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox single
| name          = How I'm Feeling Now
| cover         =
| caption       = Promotional kiver airtwirk
| artist        = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| released      = 17 Mairch 2023
| genre         = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
| length        = 3:46
| label         =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer        =
* [[Lewis Capaldi]]
* [[Tobias Jesso Jr.]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Tom Barnes]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Pete Kelleher]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Ben Kohn]]
| producer      =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[TMS (production team)|TMS]]
| misc          = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|x7vqvZlyxfw|&quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;}}
}}
|next_single_year=2023|last_single_title=[[Pointless (sang)|Pointless]]|next_single_title=[[Wish You the Best (sang)|Wish You the Best]]|last_single_year=2022}}
&quot;'''How I'm Feeling Now'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A'm Feelin Nou'') is a sang bi Scots sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 17 Mairch 2023 throu [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]] an [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] an serves as a promotional single fur his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'', as weel as his [[Netflix]] documentary, ''[[Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now]]''.

== Backgrund an release ==
On 17 Mairch 2023, a day efter the trailer fur ''Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now'' wis lowsed,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-05|title=Lewis Capaldi's How I'm Feeling Now Documentary: How To Watch, Release Date &amp; What It's About|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/news/lewis-capaldi-how-im-feeling-now-documentary-watch-release-date/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Capital (radio netwirk)|Capital FM]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Capaldi lowsed the promotional single fur the documentary, titled &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Song “How I'm Feeling Now” &amp; Trailer for Documentary “Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now”|url=https://www.pmstudio.com/music/20230317-19336|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The sang tauks aboot Capaldi's struggles wi mental heal an the life-chyngin effecks o fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daly|first=Rhian|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Opens Up About Mental Health On ‘How I’m Feeling Now’|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/lewis-capaldi-mental-health-how-im-feeling-now/|access-date=2026-05-31|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Jaden|date=2023-03-19|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Intriguing Single “How I’m Feeling Now” -|url=https://music.mxdwn.com/2023/03/19/news/lewis-capaldi-releases-new-intriguing-single-how-im-feeling-now/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=mxdwn.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On social media, Capaldi says, &quot;It’s the last sang a wrate fur [''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent''],&quot; an that it's &quot;aw aboot something a’v niver really written aboot in ma muisic afore,&quot; referrin tae his mental heal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Creetical reception ==
In a review o the sang, ''Music Talkers'' pynts oot the vocal range that Capaldi stairts in on the record bein lower nor uisual, sayin &quot;it gies &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot; a fresh feel.&quot; Thay continue, &quot;We ken whan the delivery o the sang biggs that Capaldi is gaein tae gie us some raw passion in the vocals, an wi the topic as sensitive as this track is, we can really feel that emotion come throu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Arnold|first=Phil|date=2023-03-27|title=Review: Lewis Capaldi's Latest 'How I'm Feeling Now'|url=https://musictalkers.com/reviews/8767-review-lewis-capaldi-s-latest-how-i%E2%80%99m-feeling-now|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=Music Talkers|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Brayden o ''[[Hot Press]]'' says the sang &quot;gets him whaur he needs tae be in terms o speceeficity an authenticity.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brayden|first=Kate|date=2023-05-12|title=Album Review: Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent|url=https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/album-review-lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-22967141|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Hot Press]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Solomon o ''i'' says, &quot;The sang haes the aura o a fowk tale retuiled fur a [[Latitude Fest|Latitude]] heidline slot but thare is real feelin ahint it. It ends abruptly, leavin ye tae wonder if Capaldi is actually OK or whether he haes actually been broken bi his awn desire tae dae an be better?&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Solomon|first=Kate|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to be Heavenly Sent, review: Grating and unremarkable yet somehow still moving|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-review-new-album-unremarkable-moving-2345013|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The i Paper]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Independent]]'''s Annabel Nugent states that in the sang, &quot;Capaldi soonds maist lik himsel, insteid o a sangster strivin fur something. It’s nae coincidence that it’s the best moment o the record an aa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nugent|first=Annabel|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi review: New album is more of the same from Britain's favourite heartbroken crooner|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/lewis-capaldi-review-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-b2341353.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thomas Smith o ''[[NME]]'' writes, &quot;Moments lik this – candid, coarse – are whaur Capaldi shaws growt an whaur he shoud gae nixt.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Thomas|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi - ‘Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent’ review: overwrought and frustrating|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-review-3444656|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[NME]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <id>917505</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:25:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>917505</origin>
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      <text bytes="6339" sha1="4838fph3yilybd7jpp5jfn009vrpcvh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox single
| name          = How I'm Feeling Now
| cover         =
| caption       = Promotional kiver airtwirk
| artist        = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| released      = 17 Mairch 2023
| genre         = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
| length        = 3:46
| label         =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer        =
* [[Lewis Capaldi]]
* [[Tobias Jesso Jr.]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Tom Barnes]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Pete Kelleher]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Ben Kohn]]
| producer      =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[TMS (production team)|TMS]]
| misc          = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|x7vqvZlyxfw|&quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;}}
}}
|next_single_year=2023|last_single_title=[[Pointless (sang)|Pointless]]|next_single_title=[[Wish You the Best (sang)|Wish You the Best]]|last_single_year=2022}}
&quot;'''How I'm Feeling Now'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A'm Feelin Nou'') is a sang bi Scots sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 17 Mairch 2023 throu [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]] an [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] an serves as a promotional single fur his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'', as weel as his [[Netflix]] documentary, ''[[Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now]]''.

== Backgrund an release ==
On 17 Mairch 2023, a day efter the trailer fur ''Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now'' wis lowsed,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-05|title=Lewis Capaldi's How I'm Feeling Now Documentary: How To Watch, Release Date &amp; What It's About|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/news/lewis-capaldi-how-im-feeling-now-documentary-watch-release-date/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Capital (radio netwirk)|Capital FM]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Capaldi lowsed the promotional single fur the documentary, titled &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Song “How I'm Feeling Now” &amp; Trailer for Documentary “Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now”|url=https://www.pmstudio.com/music/20230317-19336|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The sang tauks aboot Capaldi's struggles wi mental heal an the life-chyngin effecks o fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daly|first=Rhian|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Opens Up About Mental Health On ‘How I’m Feeling Now’|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/lewis-capaldi-mental-health-how-im-feeling-now/|access-date=2026-05-31|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Jaden|date=2023-03-19|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Intriguing Single “How I’m Feeling Now” -|url=https://music.mxdwn.com/2023/03/19/news/lewis-capaldi-releases-new-intriguing-single-how-im-feeling-now/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=mxdwn.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On social media, Capaldi says, &quot;It’s the last sang a wrate fur [''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent''],&quot; an that it's &quot;aw aboot something a’v niver really written aboot in ma muisic afore,&quot; referrin tae his mental heal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Creetical reception ==
In a review o the sang, ''Music Talkers'' pynts oot the vocal range that Capaldi stairts in on the record bein lower nor uisual, sayin &quot;it gies &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot; a fresh feel.&quot; Thay continue, &quot;We ken whan the delivery o the sang biggs that Capaldi is gaein tae gie us some raw passion in the vocals, an wi the topic as sensitive as this track is, we can really feel that emotion come throu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Arnold|first=Phil|date=2023-03-27|title=Review: Lewis Capaldi's Latest 'How I'm Feeling Now'|url=https://musictalkers.com/reviews/8767-review-lewis-capaldi-s-latest-how-i%E2%80%99m-feeling-now|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=Music Talkers|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Brayden o ''[[Hot Press]]'' says the sang &quot;gets him whaur he needs tae be in terms o speceeficity an authenticity.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brayden|first=Kate|date=2023-05-12|title=Album Review: Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent|url=https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/album-review-lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-22967141|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Hot Press]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Solomon o ''i'' says, &quot;The sang haes the aura o a fowk tale retuiled fur a [[Latitude Fest|Latitude]] heidline slot but thare is real feelin ahint it. It ends abruptly, leavin ye tae wonder if Capaldi is actually OK or whether he haes actually been broken bi his awn desire tae dae an be better?&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Solomon|first=Kate|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to be Heavenly Sent, review: Grating and unremarkable yet somehow still moving|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-review-new-album-unremarkable-moving-2345013|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The i Paper]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Independent]]'''s Annabel Nugent states that in the sang, &quot;Capaldi soonds maist lik himsel, insteid o a sangster strivin fur something. It’s nae coincidence that it’s the best moment o the record an aa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nugent|first=Annabel|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi review: New album is more of the same from Britain's favourite heartbroken crooner|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/lewis-capaldi-review-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-b2341353.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thomas Smith o ''[[NME]]'' writes, &quot;Moments lik this – candid, coarse – are whaur Capaldi shaws growt an whaur he shoud gae nixt.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Thomas|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi - ‘Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent’ review: overwrought and frustrating|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-review-3444656|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[NME]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2023 singles]]
[[Category:2023 sangs]]
[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]
[[Category:Lewis Capaldi sangs]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Lewis Capaldi]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Ben Kohn]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Peter Kelleher (sangwriter)]]
[[Category:Sang recordins produced bi TMS (production team)]]</text>
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      <id>917506</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-31T20:27:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>917506</origin>
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      <text bytes="6467" sha1="o2q3iewk7wwycacl61c2pi5k97md069" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox single
| name          = How I'm Feeling Now
| cover         =
| caption       = Promotional kiver airtwirk
| artist        = [[Lewis Capaldi]]
| released      = 17 Mairch 2023
| genre         = [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
| length        = 3:46
| label         =
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer        =
* [[Lewis Capaldi]]
* [[Tobias Jesso Jr.]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Tom Barnes]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Pete Kelleher]]
* [[TMS (production team)|Ben Kohn]]
| producer      =
* Lewis Capaldi
* [[TMS (production team)|TMS]]
| misc          = {{Freemit muisic video|{{YouTube|x7vqvZlyxfw|&quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;}}
}}
|next_single_year=2023|last_single_title=[[Pointless (sang)|Pointless]]|next_single_title=[[Wish You the Best (sang)|Wish You the Best]]|last_single_year=2022}}
&quot;'''How I'm Feeling Now'''&quot; ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A'm Feelin Nou'') is a sang bi Scots sangster-sangwriter [[Lewis Capaldi]]. It wis lowsed on 17 Mairch 2023 throu [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]] an [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] an serves as a promotional single fur his seicont studio album, ''[[Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'', as weel as his [[Netflix]] documentary, ''[[Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now]]''.

== Backgrund an release ==
On 17 Mairch 2023, a day efter the trailer fur ''Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now'' wis lowsed,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-05|title=Lewis Capaldi's How I'm Feeling Now Documentary: How To Watch, Release Date &amp; What It's About|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/news/lewis-capaldi-how-im-feeling-now-documentary-watch-release-date/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Capital (radio netwirk)|Capital FM]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Capaldi lowsed the promotional single fur the documentary, titled &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Song “How I'm Feeling Now” &amp; Trailer for Documentary “Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now”|url=https://www.pmstudio.com/music/20230317-19336|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The sang tauks aboot Capaldi's struggles wi mental heal an the life-chyngin effecks o fame.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daly|first=Rhian|date=2023-03-17|title=Lewis Capaldi Opens Up About Mental Health On ‘How I’m Feeling Now’|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/lewis-capaldi-mental-health-how-im-feeling-now/|access-date=2026-05-31|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Jaden|date=2023-03-19|title=Lewis Capaldi Releases New Intriguing Single “How I’m Feeling Now” -|url=https://music.mxdwn.com/2023/03/19/news/lewis-capaldi-releases-new-intriguing-single-how-im-feeling-now/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=mxdwn.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On social media, Capaldi says, &quot;It’s the last sang a wrate fur [''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent''],&quot; an that it's &quot;aw aboot something a’v niver really written aboot in ma muisic afore,&quot; referrin tae his mental heal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Creetical reception ==
In a review o the sang, ''Music Talkers'' pynts oot the vocal range that Capaldi stairts in on the record bein lower nor uisual, sayin &quot;it gies &quot;How I'm Feeling Now&quot; a fresh feel.&quot; Thay continue, &quot;We ken whan the delivery o the sang biggs that Capaldi is gaein tae gie us some raw passion in the vocals, an wi the topic as sensitive as this track is, we can really feel that emotion come throu.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Arnold|first=Phil|date=2023-03-27|title=Review: Lewis Capaldi's Latest 'How I'm Feeling Now'|url=https://musictalkers.com/reviews/8767-review-lewis-capaldi-s-latest-how-i%E2%80%99m-feeling-now|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=Music Talkers|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Brayden o ''[[Hot Press]]'' says the sang &quot;gets him whaur he needs tae be in terms o speceeficity an authenticity.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brayden|first=Kate|date=2023-05-12|title=Album Review: Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent|url=https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/album-review-lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-22967141|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[Hot Press]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kate Solomon o ''i'' says, &quot;The sang haes the aura o a fowk tale retuiled fur a [[Latitude Fest|Latitude]] heidline slot but thare is real feelin ahint it. It ends abruptly, leavin ye tae wonder if Capaldi is actually OK or whether he haes actually been broken bi his awn desire tae dae an be better?&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Solomon|first=Kate|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi, Broken by Desire to be Heavenly Sent, review: Grating and unremarkable yet somehow still moving|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-review-new-album-unremarkable-moving-2345013|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The i Paper]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Independent]]'''s Annabel Nugent states that in the sang, &quot;Capaldi soonds maist lik himsel, insteid o a sangster strivin fur something. It’s nae coincidence that it’s the best moment o the record an aa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nugent|first=Annabel|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi review: New album is more of the same from Britain's favourite heartbroken crooner|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/lewis-capaldi-review-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-b2341353.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thomas Smith o ''[[NME]]'' writes, &quot;Moments lik this – candid, coarse – are whaur Capaldi shaws growt an whaur he shoud gae nixt.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Thomas|date=2023-05-18|title=Lewis Capaldi - ‘Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent’ review: overwrought and frustrating|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/lewis-capaldi-broken-by-desire-to-be-heavenly-sent-review-3444656|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-31|website=[[NME]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
{{sister project links|d=Q118954613|q=no|c=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}

[[Category:2023 singles]]
[[Category:2023 sangs]]
[[Category:2020s ballads]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]
[[Category:Lewis Capaldi sangs]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Lewis Capaldi]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Ben Kohn]]
[[Category:Sangs written bi Peter Kelleher (sangwriter)]]
[[Category:Sang recordins produced bi TMS (production team)]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Mikeflager</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233559</id>
    <revision>
      <id>917518</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T01:42:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>917518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1065" sha1="4s0e3wm3z8meymdf3gaxr1yqk2peab8" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Mikeflager, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Mikeflager|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:42, 1 Juin 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>4s0e3wm3z8meymdf3gaxr1yqk2peab8</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:~2026-32520-11</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233560</id>
    <revision>
      <id>917528</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T11:18:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made page wi &quot;{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <origin>917528</origin>
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      <text bytes="734" sha1="sdwbr5m7zdswrpz567t5na2aglgev5x" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-32520-11|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 11:18, 1 Juin 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:OpalYosutebito</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233561</id>
    <revision>
      <id>917529</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T11:20:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>917529</origin>
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      <text bytes="1073" sha1="gvyj0zwirtbezm9u8vyjl6x509fot13" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, OpalYosutebito, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/OpalYosutebito|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 11:19, 1 Juin 2026 (UTC)</text>
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