Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 18153 918508 885238 2026-06-20T12:27:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Wast Azerbaijan Province | native_name = استان آذربایجان&nbsp;غربی | native_name_lang = fa<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fa" for Persian --> | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Iran|Province]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = Locator map Iran West Azerbaijan Province.png | map_alt = Map o Iran wi Wast Azerbaijan heichlichtit | map_caption = Location o Wast Azerbaijan athin Iran | coordinates = {{coord|37.5528|45.0759|region:IR_type:adm1st|display=inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}} | parts_type = [[Coonties o Iran|Coonties]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 17 | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]] | seat = [[Urmia]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 37437 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 3,080,576 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | blank_name_sec1 = [[Leids o Iran|Main leid(s)]] | blank_info_sec1 = '''[[Persie leid|Persie]]''' (offeecial)<br>local leids:<br>[[Azeri leid|Azeri]]<ref name="countrystudies.us">[http://countrystudies.us/iran/41.htm "Geography: Turkic-speaking Groups"] ''Iran: A Country Study'', Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, (2008)</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations">Minahan, James (2002) ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z'' (Volume 4 of ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World'') Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, Connecticut, [http://books.google.com/books?id=Zu5GpDby9H0C&pg=PA1765 page 1765], ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3</ref><ref>Price, Glanville (editor) (2000) ''Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe'' Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, England, [http://books.google.com/books?id=29BAeKHwvuoC&pg=PA21 page 21], ISBN 978-0-631-22039-8 </ref><ref>Shaffer, Brenda (2002) ''Borders and brethren: Iran and the challenge of Azarbaijani identity'', MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [http://books.google.com/books?id=sHKSh_XltKMC&pg=PA1 page 1], ISBN 978-0-262-69277-9</ref> <br>[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]<ref name="McLachlan-p55">McLachlan, Keith Stanley (1994) ''The Boundaries of Modern Iran'' UCL Press, London, page 55, ISBN 978-1-85728-125-5</ref> <br>[[Armenie leid|Armenie]] <br> [[Assirie Neo-Aramaic|Assirie]]<ref>Anderson, Bridget ''et al.'' (1997) ''World Directory of Minorities'' (2nd edition) Minority Rights Group International, London, page 338, ISBN 978-1-873194-36-2</ref><br>. | timezone1 = [[Iran Staundart Time|IRST]] | utc_offset1 = +03:30 | timezone1_DST = [[Iran Staundart Time|IRST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +04:30 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | footnotes = }} '''West Azarbaijan''' or '''West Azerbaijan''' ({{lang-fa|آذربایجان غربی}}, [[Azerbaijani leid|Azerbaijani]]: غربی آذربایجان, [[Kurdish leid|Kurdish]]:ئازەربایجانا رۆژاڤا ) is ane o the 31 [[provinces o Iran|provinces]] o [[Iran]]. It is locatit in the Northwast o the kintra, borderin [[Turkey]], [[Iraq]] an [[Nakhchivan]], an the provinces o [[East Azerbaijan Province|East Azerbaijan]], [[Zanjan Province|Zanjan]] an [[Kurdistan Province|Kurdistan]]. The province o Wast Azerbaijan covers an aurie o 39,487&nbsp;km², or 43,660&nbsp;km² includin [[Loch Urmia]]. In 2006 the province haed a population o 3,015,361 [http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1134803708&men=gpro&lng=en&gln=xx&des=gamelan&dat=200&geo=-1904&srt=epnn&col=aohdqcfbeimg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042749/http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1134803708&men=gpro&lng=en&gln=xx&des=gamelan&dat=200&geo=-1904&srt=epnn&col=aohdqcfbeimg |date=2007-09-30 }}. The caipital ceety o the province is [[Urmia]]. [[File:The ethnic composition of the population of West Azerbaijan Province.PNG|thumb|upright=1.7|left]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|West Azarbaijan province}} *[http://www.piranshahr-ag.ir/ Piranshahr-ag.ir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123081535/http://www.piranshahr-ag.ir/ |date=2011-01-23 }} *[http://www.ostan-ag.gov.ir/ Offeecial wabsteid o Wast Azarbaijan Govrenor’s Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226004445/http://ostan-ag.gov.ir/ |date=2011-02-26 }} *[http://www.portal-ag.ir/ Wast Azarbaijan’s Govrenment Portal]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605074317/http://portal-ag.ir/ |date=2023-06-05 }} *[http://www.urmia-sport.com/ Urmia sport news agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807102348/http://www.urmia-sport.com/ |date=2011-08-07 }} *[http://www.wampo.ir/ Wast Azarbaijan Provincial Management Organization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105094623/http://www.wampo.ir/ |date=2006-01-05 }} *[http://www.urmiamiras.org/ Wast Azarbaijan Cultural Heritage Organization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308103017/http://www.urmiamiras.org/ |date=2005-03-08 }} *[http://www.iranian.com/Travelers/2005/May/Trip/index.html Recent photos frae Azarbaijan] *[http://www2.unesco.org/mab/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=IRA+07 Lake Urmia UNESCO Biosphere Reserve] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521145428/http://www2.unesco.org/mab/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=IRA+07 |date=2006-05-21 }} *[http://www.travel-images.com/az-uromiyeh.html About Urmia] {{Geographic location |Centre = Wast Azerbaijan Province |North = {{flag|Turkey}}{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |Northeast = {{flag|Azerbaijan}} |East = [[East Azerbaijan Province]] |Southeast = [[Zanjan Province]] |South = [[Kurdistan Province]] |Southwest = {{flag|Iraq}} |West = {{flag|Turkey}} |Northwest = {{flag|Turkey}} }} {{West Azarbaijan Province}} {{Provinces o Iran}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West Azarbaijan Province}} [[Category:Wast Azerbaijan Province|*]] [[Category:Provinces o Iran]] [[Category:Dividit regions|Azarbaijan, Wast]] [[Category:Kurdish inhabitit regions]] 8i3u787gpqy6jr3n5awdmz8gtscrgdk 0 32445 918513 885813 2026-06-20T12:48:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|the crime syndicate|the video gemme series|Yakuza (series)}} {{Yakuza clans}} {{Nihongo|'''Yakuza'''|ヤクザ or やくざ }}, kent as {{Nihongo|'''gokudō'''|極道}} anaw, are members o traditional [[Organized crime|organised crime]] syndicates in [[Japan]]. The Japanese polis, an media bi request o the polis, caw them '''bōryokudan''' (暴力団), literally "violence group", while the yakuza caw themselves "'''ninkyō dantai'''" (任侠団体 or 仁侠団体), "chivalrous organisations". The yakuza are notoriously kent for thair strict codes o conduct an very organised naitur. Thay are very prevalent in the Japanese media an operate internationally wi an estimatit 102,400 members.<ref>Corkill, Edan, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20111106x1.html Ex-Tokyo cop speaks out on a life fighting gangs — and what you can do]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 6 November 2011, p. 7.</ref> == Divisions and origin == Despite uncertainty aboot the single origin o yakuza organisations, maist modren yakuza derive frae twa classifications which emerged in the mid-[[Edo Period]] (1603&ndash;1868): [[tekiya]], those who primarily peddled illicit, stolen or shoddy goods; an [[bakuto]], those who war involved in or participated in gambling.<ref name="kaplan_21">{{citation | last1 = Kaplan | first1 = David | last2 = Dubro | first2 = Alec | year = 2004 | pages = 18–21}}.</ref> Tekiya (peddlers) war considered ane o the lowest social groups in Edo. As thay began tae form organisations o thair ain, thay teuk ower some administrative duties relating tae commerce, sic as staw allocation an pertection o thair commercial activities. During Shinto festivals, thair peddlers opened stalls an some members war hired tae act as security. Each peddler peyed rent in exchange for a staw assignment an pertection during the fair. [[File:Japan Kyushu Region large.png|thumb|left|Thoroughoot history, especially syne the modren era, the [[Kyushu]] island haes been the lairgest soorce o the yakuza members, includin mony renouned bosses in the [[Yamaguchi-gumi]]. Isokichi Yoshida (1867–1936) wis frae the [[Kitakyushu]] aurie an considered the first renouned modren yakuza. Recently [[Shinobu Tsukasa]] an [[Kunio Inoue]], the bosses o the twa maist pouerful clans in the Yamaguchi-gumi, are frae Kyushu. [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]], the northmaist pairt o the island, haes the lairgest nummer o [[#Designatit boryokudan|designatit syndicates]] amang aw o the prefecturs.]] The Edo govrenment eventually formally recognised sic tekiya organisations an granted the ''oyabun'' (leaders) o tekiya a surname as well as permission tae cairy a swuird — the [[wakizashi]], or short samurai swuird (the right tae cairy the [[katana]], or full-sized samurai swuirds, remained the exclusive right o the nobility an samurai castes). This wis a major step forrit for the traders, as anly umwhile samurai an noblemen war allowed tae cairy swuirds. Bakuto (gamblers) haed a hintle lawer social staundin even than traders, as gambling wis illegal. Mony sma gambling houses cropped up in abandoned temples or shrines at the edge o towns an villages aw ower Japan. Most o thair gambling houses ran loan sharking businesses for clients, an thay uisually maintained thair ain security personnel. The places themselves, as well as the bakuto, war regarded wi disdain bi society at lairge, an hintle o the undesirable image o the yakuza oreeginates frae bakuto; this includes the name ''yakuza'' itself (''ya-ku-za'', or 8-9-3, is a losin haund in [[Oicho-Kabu]], a form o [[blackjack]]). Because o the economic situation during the mid-period an the predominance o the merchant class, developin yakuza groups war componed o misfits an delinquents that haed jynt or formed yakuza groups tae extort customers in local markets bi selling fake or shoddy goods.<ref name="kaplan_21" /> The rites o the yakuza can still be seen tae this day in [[initiation ceremony|initiation ceremonies]], which incorporate tekiya or bakuto [[rituals]]. Awtho the modren yakuza haes diversified, some gangs still identify wi ony group or the ither; for ensaumple, a gang whose primary soorce o income is illegal gambling mey refer tae themselves as bakuto. == Organization and activities == === Structure === [[Image:Yakuza hierarchy.png|right|thumb|Yakuza hierarchy]] During the formation o the yakuza, thay adoptit the traditional Japanese hierarchical structur o [[oyabun]]-kobun whaur ''kobun'' (子分; lit. foster bairn) owe thair allegiance tae the ''oyabun'' (親分; lit. foster parent). In a hintle later period, the code o ''[[jingi]]'' (仁義, juistice an duty) wis developed, whaur lealtie an respect are a wey o life. The oyabun-kobun relationship is formalised bi ceremonial sharin o [[sake]] frae a single cup. This ritual is nae exclusive tae the yakuza—it is an aw commonly performed in traditional Japanese [[Shinto]] weddings, an mey hae been a pairt o ''sworn brotherhood''<ref name="trutv.com">{{cite web|last=Bruno|first=Anthony|title=The Yakuza - Oyabun-Kobun, Father-Child|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/gang/yakuza/2.html|publisher=[[truTV]]|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> relationships. During the World War II period in Japan, the mair traditional tekiya/bakuto form o organisation declined as the entire population wis mobilised tae pairticipate in the war effort an society came unner strict military govrenment. Efter the war, houiver, the yakuza adoptit it again. Prospective yakuza come frae aw walks o life. The maist romantic tales tell how yakuza acceptit sons who haed been abandoned or exiled bi thair parents. Mony yakuza stairt oot in junior heich schuil or heich schuil as common street thugs or members o [[bōsōzoku]] gangs. Aiblins acause o its lawer socio-economic status, numerous yakuza members come frae [[Burakumin]] an ethnic Korean backgrounds. Yakuza groups are heidit bi an ''oyabun'' or ''kumichō'' (組長, faimily heid) who gies orders tae his subordinates, the ''kobun''. In this respect, the organisation is a variation o the traditional Japanese [[senpai]]-[[kohai|kōhai]] (senior-junior) model. Members o yakuza gangs cut thair faimily ties an transfer thair lealtie tae the gang boss. Thay refer tae ilk ither as faimily members - faithers an elder an younger brithers. The yakuza is populated awmaist entirely bi men, an thare are very few weemen involved, who are cried "nee-san" (姐さん aulder sister). When the third [[Yamaguchi-gumi]] boss ([[Kazuo Taoka]]) died in the early 1980s, his wife (Fumiko) teuk ower as boss o the Yamaguchi-gumi, albeit for a short time. The yakuza hae a very complex organisational structur. Thare is an oweraw boss o the syndicate, the ''kumicho'', an directly beneath him are the ''saiko komon'' (senior advisor) an ''so-honbucho '' (headquarters chief). The seicont in the chain o command is the ''wakagashira'', who governs several gangs in a region wi the help o a ''fuku-honbucho'' who is himsel responsible for several gangs. The regional gangs themselves are governed bi thair local boss, the ''shateigashira''.<ref>[http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/gang/yakuza/2.html The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia - The Crime Library - Crime Library on truTV.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Each members connection is ranked bi the hierarchy o sakazuki (sake sharin). Kumicho are at the tap, an control various ''saikō-komon'' (最高顧問, senior advisors). The saikō-komon control thair ain turfs in different auries or ceeties. Thay hae thair ain underlings, includin ither underbosses, advisors, accountants an enforcers. Those who hae received sake frae the oyabun are pairt o the immediate faimily an ranked in terms o elder or younger brithers. Houiver, each kobun, in turn, can offer sakazuki as oyabun tae his underling tae form an affiliated organisation, which much in turn form lawer ranked organisations. In the Yamaguchi-gumi, which controls some 2,500 businesses an 500 yakuza groups, thare are even 5t rank subsidiary organisations. ==== Rituals ==== [[Yubitsume]], or the cutting o ane's finger, is a form o penance or apology. Upon a first offence, the transgressor must cut off the tip o his left little finger an gie the severed portion tae his boss. While an underboss mey dae this in penance tae the [[oyabun]] if he wants tae spare a member o his ain gang frae faur retaliation. Its origin stems frae the traditional wey o holding a Japanese swuird. The bottom three fingers o each haund are uised tae grip the swuird tightly, wi the thumb an index fingers slichtly loose. The removal o deegits stairtin wi the little finger muivin up the haund tae the index finger progressively waikens a persons grip on the swuird. The idea is that a person wi a waik swuird grip then haes tae rely mair on the group for pertection—reducing individual action. In recent years, [[prosthetic]] fingertips hae been developed tae disguise this distinctive appearance.<ref name="trutv.com"/> Mony yakuza hae full-body tattoos. Thair tattoos, kent as [[irezumi]] in Japan, are still eften "hand-picked", that is, the ink is inserted beneath the skin uisin non-electrical, haund-made an haund held tuils wi needles or sharpened bamboo or steel. The procedure is expensive an painful an can tak years tae complete.<ref>''[[Japanorama]]'', [[BBC Three]], Series 2, Episode 3, first aired 21 September 2006</ref> When yakuza members play [[Oicho-Kabu]] cards wi ilk ither, thay eften remove thair shirts or open them up an drape them aroond thair waists. This allows them tae display thair full-body tattoos tae ilk ither. This is ane o the few times that yakuza members display thair tattoos tae others, as thay normally keep them concealed in public wi lang-sleeves an heich-necked shirts. When new members join, thay are eften required tae remove thair trousers as well an reveal anly lawer body tattoos. ==Syndicates== === The three largest syndicates === Awtho yakuza membership haes declined follaein an anti-gang law aimed specifically at yakuza an passed bi the Japanese govrenment in 1992, thair are thocht tae be mair nor 103,000 active yakuza members in Japan the day. Awtho thare are mony different yakuza groups, thegither thay form the lairgest organised crime group in the world.<ref>Johnston, Eric, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606083148/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070214i1.html From rackets to real estate, yakuza multifaceted]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 14 February 2007, p. 3.</ref> {| class=wikitable ! Principal families ! Description ! [[Mon (crest)]] |----- | {{Nihongo|'''[[Yamaguchi-gumi]]''' <br /> |六代目山口組|Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi}} | Creatit in 1915, the Yamaguchi-gumi is the biggest yakuza faimily, accoontin for 50% o aw yakuza in Japan, wi mair nor 55,000 members dividit intae 850 clans. Despite mair nor ane decade o polis repression, the Yamaguchi-gumi haes continued tae grow. Frae its heidquairters in [[Kobe]], it directs creeminal activities throughoot Japan. It is involvit in operations in Asie an the Unitit States an aw. [[Kenichi Shinoda]] is the Yamaguchi-gumi's current oyabun. He follaes an expansionist policy, an haes increased operations in [[Tokyo]] (which haes no tradeetionally been the territory o the Yamaguchi-gumi.) The Yamaguchi faimily is successfu tae the pynt whaur its name haes acome synonymous wh Japanese organizit creeme in mony pairts o Asie ootside o Japan. Mony Cheenese or Korean persons who dae no ken the name "Yakuza" wad ken the name "Yamaguchi-gumi", which is frequently portrayed in gangster movies. | [[Image:Yamabishi.svg|120px]] "The meanin o the samurai swuird is in the warrior an the swuird as ane it coud be a dangerous opponent" Yamabishi (山菱) |- | {{Nihongo|'''[[Sumiyoshi-kai]]''' <br /> |住吉会}} | The Sumiyoshi-rengo is the seicont lairgest yakuza faimily, wi 20,000 members dividit intae 277 clans. The Sumiyoshi-kai, as it is whiles cried, is a confederation o smawer yakuza groups. Its current oyabun is [[Shigeo Nishiguchi]]. Structurally, Sumiyoshi-kai differs frae its principal rival, the Yamaguchi-gumi, in that it functions lik a federation. The chain o command is mair lax, an awtho Shigeo Nishiguchi is aaways the supreme oyabun, its leadership is distributit amang several ither fowk. | [[Image:Sumiyoshi-kai.svg|120px]] |- | {{Nihongo|'''[[Inagawa-kai]]''' <br /> |稲川会}} | The Inagawa-kaï is the third lairgest yakuza faimily in Japan, wi roughly 15,000 members dividit intae 313 clans. It is based in the Tokyo-Yokohama aurie an wis ane o the first yakuza families tae expand its operations tae ootside o Japan. Its current oyabun is [[Yoshio Tsunoda]]. | [[Image:Inagawa-kai.svg|120px]] |} === Designated bōryokudan === A {{nihongo|designated boryokudan|指定暴力団|Shitei Bōryokudan}}<ref>[http://www.npa.go.jp/english/kokusai/20.pdf "Police of Japan 2011, Criminal Investigation : 2. Fight Against Organized Crime"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810212614/http://www.npa.go.jp/english/kokusai/20.pdf |date=2011-08-10 }}, December 2009, ''[[National Police Agency (Japan)|National Police Agency]]''</ref> is a "particularly harmful" yakuza group<ref>[http://www.fukuoka-boutui.or.jp/mob/index.html "The Organized Crime Countermeasures Law"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119010309/http://www.fukuoka-boutui.or.jp/mob/index.html |date=2012-01-19 }}, ''[[Fukuoka Prefecture|The Fukuoka Prefectural Center for the Elimination of Boryokudan]]'' {{Ja icon}}</ref> registered bi the [[Prefecturs o Japan|Prefectural]] [[Naitional Public Safety Commission (Japan)|Public Safety Commissions]] unner the {{nihongo|Organised Crime Countermeasures Law|暴力団対策法|Bōryokudan Taisaku Hō}} enactit in 1991.<ref>[http://www.police.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/info/keiji/bouryoku_taisaku/jyousei/bouryoku-jyousei.html "Boryokudan Comprehensive Measures — The Condition of the Boryokudan"], December 2010, ''[[Hokkaido Prefectur]]al [[:en:Law enforcement in Japan|Polis]]'' {{Ja icon}}</ref> Unner the Organised Crime Countermeasures Law, the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions haes registered 22 syndicates as the designated boryokudan groups.<ref>[http://www.police.pref.nagasaki.jp/a02index/bouryokudanlist.pdf "List of Designated Bōryokudan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527041222/http://www.police.pref.nagasaki.jp/a02index/bouryokudanlist.pdf |date=2013-05-27 }}, February 24, 2011, ''[[Nagasaki Prefecture|Nagasaki Prefectural Police]]'' {{Ja icon}}</ref> [[Fukuoka Prefectur]] haes the lairgest nummer o designated boryokudan groups amang ony o the prefectures, at 5; the [[Kudo-kai]], the [[Taishu-kai]], the [[Fukuhaku-kai]], the [[Dojin-kai]] an the [[Kyushu Seido-kai]].<ref>[http://www.npa.go.jp/keidai/keidai.files/tamurakouen.pdf "Retrospection and Outlook of Crime Measure", p.15] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927123804/http://www.npa.go.jp/keidai/keidai.files/tamurakouen.pdf |date=2011-09-27 }}, Masahiro Tamura, 2009, ''[[National Police Agency (Japan)|National Police Agency]]'' {{Ja icon}}</ref> Designated boryokudan groups are uisually lairge, auld-established organisations (maistly formed afore [[World War II|Warld War II]], some even formed afore the [[Meiji Revolution]] o the 19t century), houiver thare are some exceptions sic as the [[Kyushu Seido-kai]] which, wi it's blatant armed conflicts wi the [[Dojin-kai]], wis registered anly twa years efter its formation. The nummers which follae the names o boryokudan groups refer tae the group's leadership. For ensaumple, [[Yoshinori Watanabe]] heid the [[Yamaguchi-gumi]] ''fifth''; on his retirement, [[Shinobu Tsukasa]] became heid o the Yamaguchi-gumi ''sixth'', an "Yamaguchi-gumi VI" is the group's formal name. {| class=wikitable ! Name ! Heidquairters ! Reg. in ! Name ! Heidquairters ! Reg. in |----- | [[File:Yamabishi.svg|18px]] [[Yamaguchi-gumi]] VI | [[Hyōgo Prefectur|Hyogo]] | 1992 | [[File:道仁会.png|18px]] [[Dojin-kai]] | [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | 1992 |- | [[File:Inagawa-kai.svg|18px]] [[Inagawa-kai]] | [[Tokyo]] | 1992 | [[File:Shinwa-kai.png|18px]] [[Shinwa-kai]] II | [[Kagawa Prefectur|Kagawa]] | 1992 |- | [[File:住吉会.png|18px]] [[Sumiyoshi-kai]] | [[Tokyo]] | 1992 | [[File:双愛会.png|18px]] [[Soai-kai]] | [[Chiba Prefectur|Chiba]] | 1992 |- | [[File:Kudo-kai.png|18px]] [[Kudo-kai]] IV | [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | 1992 | [[File:Kyodo-kai.png|18px]] [[Kyodo-kai]] III | [[Hiroshima Prefectur|Hiroshima]] | 1993 |- | [[File:Kyokuryu-kai.png|18px]] [[Kyokuryu-kai]] IV | [[Okinawa Prefectur|Okinawa]] | 1992 | [[File:太州会.png|18px]] [[Taishu-kai]] | [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | 1993 |- | [[File:沖縄旭琉会.png|18px]] [[Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai]] | [[Okinawa Prefectur|Okinawa]] | 1992 | [[File:酒梅組.png|18px]] [[Sakaume-gumi]] VIII | [[Osaka Prefectur|Osaka]] | 1993 |- | [[File:Aizukotetsu-kai.png|11px]] [[Aizukotetsu-kai]] VI | [[Kyoto]] | 1992 | [[File:極東会.png|18px]] [[Kyokuto-kai]] | [[Tokyo]] | 1993 |- | [[File:共政会.png|18px]] [[Kyosei-kai]] V | [[Hiroshima Prefectur|Hiroshima]] | 1992 | [[File:東組.png|18px]] [[Azuma-gumi]] II | [[Osaka Prefectur|Osaka]] | 1993 |- | [[File:合田一家.png|18px]] [[Goda-ikka]] VII | [[Yamaguchi Prefectur|Yamaguchi]] | 1992 | [[File:松葉会.png|18px]] [[Matsuba-kai]] | [[Tokyo]] | 1994 |- | [[File:Aaasd.png|18px]] [[Kozakura-ikka]] IV | [[Kagoshima Prefectur|Kagoshima]] | 1992 | [[File:福博会.png|18px]] [[Fukuhaku-kai]] III | [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | 2000 |- | [[File:Asano-gumi.png|18px]] [[Asano-gumi]] IV | [[Okayama Prefectur|Okayama]] | 1992 | [[File:九州誠道会.png|18px]] [[Kyushu Seido-kai]] | [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | 2008 |} ===Other notable bōryokudan=== {| class=wikitable ! Name ! Japanese name ! Heidquairters ! Leader |----- |- |[[Tōkyō-Morishiro-Hoshi-ikka-Ōta]]　III |[[:ja:東京盛代星一家太田|東京盛代星一家太田]]三代目 |[[Iwate Prefectur|Iwate]] |[[Seigo Ōta]] |- |[[Genseida-Kōyū-kai]] |[[:ja:源清田交友会|源清田交友会]] |[[Ibaraki Prefectur|Ibaraki]] |[[Shiroo Tanabe]] |- |[[Yorii-bunke]] V |[[:ja:寄居分家|寄居分家]]五代目 |[[Gunma Prefectur|Gunma]] |[[Hiroshi Godai]] |- |[[Kameya-ikka]] V |五代目[[:ja:亀屋一家|亀屋一家]] |[[Saitama Prefectur|Saitama]] |[[Akira Shirahata]] |- |[[Yoshiha-kai]] VII |七代目[[:ja:吉羽会|吉羽会]] |[[Saitama Prefectur|Saitama]] |[[Kiyomasa Nakamura]] |- |[[Takezawa-kai]] |[[:ja:竹澤会|竹澤会]] |[[Chiba Prefectur|Chiba]] |[[Haruo Ōtawa]] |- |[[Anegasaki-kai]] |[[:ja:姉ヶ崎会|姉ヶ崎会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Shigetami Nakanome]] |- |[[Iijima-kai]] VIII |八代目[[:ja:飯島会|飯島会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Kanji Nishikawa]] |- |[[Okaniwa-kai]] |[[:ja:岡庭会|岡庭会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Seiichiro Okaniwa]] |- |[[Kanda-Takagi]] VII |[[:ja:神田高木|神田高木]]七代目 |[[Tokyo]] |[[Akira Nagamura]] |- |[[Shitaya-Hanajima-kai]] VII |[[:ja:下谷花島会|下谷花島会]]七代目 |[[Tokyo]] |[[Isamu Ōsaka]] |- |[[Jōshūya-kai]] |[[:ja:上州家会|上州家会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Katsuhiko Itō]] |- |[[Shinmon-rengōkai]] |[[:ja:新門連合会|新門連合会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Naoaki Kasama]] |- |[[Sugitō-kai]] |[[:ja:杉東会|杉東会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Tomoaki Nohara]] |- |[[Daigo-kai]] |[[:ja:醍醐会|醍醐会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Hideo Aoyama]] |- |[[Chōjiya-kai]] |[[:ja:丁字家会|丁字家会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Goro Yoshida]] |- |[[Toa-kai]] |[[:ja:東亜会|東亜会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Yoshio Kaneumi]] |- |[[Hashiya-kai]] |[[:ja:箸家会|箸家会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Hiroshi Minemura]] |- |[[Hanamata-kai]] |[[:ja:花又会|花又会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Akira Kiyono]] |- |[[Masuya-kai]] |[[:ja:桝屋会|桝屋会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Sotojiro Higashiura]] |- |[[Matsuzakaya-ikka]] V |五代目[[:ja:松坂屋一家|松坂屋一家]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Takiti Nishimura]] |- |[[Ametoku-rengōkai]] |[[:ja:飴徳連合会|飴德連合会]] |[[Kanagawa Prefectur|Kanagawa]] |[[Hideya Nagamochi]] |- |[[Yokohama-Kaneko-kai]] |[[:ja:横浜金子会|横浜金子会]] |[[Kanagawa Prefectur|Kanagawa]] |[[Takashi Terada]] |- |[[Sakurai-sōke]] |[[:ja:櫻井總家|櫻井總家]] |[[Shizuoka Prefectur|Shizuoka]] |[[Hiroyoshi Sano]] |- |[[Chūkyō-Shinnō-kai]] |[[:ja:中京神農会|中京神農会]] |[[Aichi Prefectur|Aichi]] |[[Eizō Yamagashira]] |- |[[Marutomi-rengōkai]] |[[:ja:丸富連合会|丸富連合会]] |[[Kyoto Prefectur|Kyōto]] |[[Hitoshi Kitabashi]] |- |[[Chūsei-kai]] |[[:ja:忠成会|忠成会]] |[[Hyōgo Prefectur|Hyōgo]] |[[Masaaki Ōmori]] |- |[[Matsuura-gumi]] II |二代目[[:ja:松浦組|松浦組]] |[[Hyōgo Prefectur|Hyōgo]] |[[Kazuo Kasaoka]] |- |[[Takenaka-gumi]] II |二代目[[:ja:竹中組 (岡山)|竹中組]] |[[Okayama Prefectur|Okayama]] |[[Masashi Takenaka]] |- |[[Chūgoku-Takagi-kai]] II |二代目[[:ja:中国高木会|中国高木会]] |[[Hiroshima Prefectur|Hiroshima]] |[[Akio Kitayama]] |- |[[Kumamoto-kai]] II |二代目[[:ja:熊本會|熊本會]] |[[Kumamoto Prefectur|Kumamoto]] |[[Yutaka Tozaki]] |- |[[Sanshin-kai]] |[[:ja:山心会|山心会]] |[[Kumamoto Prefectur|Kumamoto]] |[[Atsushi Inoue]] |- |[[Murakami-gumi]] III |九州三代目[[:ja:村上組|村上組]] |[[Ōita Prefectur|Ōita]] |[[Hajime Murakami]] |- |[[Shinjuku]] |[[:ja:桝屋会|桝屋会]] |[[Tokyo]] |[[Shou Sasaki]] |} == Fitmerks == <references/> [[Category:Japanese wirds an phrases]] [[Category:Gangs in Asie]] [[Category:Organisit crime groups in Japan]] [[Category:Organisit crime groups in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Secret societies relatit tae organisit crime]] [[Category:Transnaitional organisit crime]] [[Category:Yakuza| ]] fkgq8sthik9v2df846e8uzb74kzkqac 0 32447 918514 885803 2026-06-20T12:49:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox VG series |title = Yakuza |creator = [[Toshihiro Nagoshi]] |image = |caption = Logo o the series |developer = [[Sega]]<br>[[Syn Sophia]] |publisher = Sega<br>[[Deep Silver]] |genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Action-adventur gemme|Action-adventur]] * [[Beat 'em up]] * [[Open world]]}} |platforms = [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Wii U]], [[PlayStation 4]] |platform of origin = PlayStation 2 |first release version = ''[[Yakuza (video gemme)|Yakuza]]'' |first release date = {{vgrelease|JP|December 8, 2005|NA|September 5, 2006|EU|September 15, 2006}} |latest release version = ''[[Yakuza 6: The Song of Life]]'' |latest release date = {{vgrelease|JP|December 8, 2016}} }} '''''Yakuza''''', kent in Japan as {{nihongo|'''''Ryū ga Gotoku'''''|龍が如く||''Like a Dragon''}}, is an [[open world]] [[Action-adventure gemme|action-adventur]] [[beat 'em up]] [[video gemme]] franchise creatit, awned an published bi [[Sega]]. The series oreeginatit frae [[Toshihiro Nagoshi]]'s desire tae creaut a gemme that wad tell the wey o life of the ''[[yakuza]]''. Nagoshi initially struggled tae fynd a platform for the project, till [[Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony]] shawed interest in the prospect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-08-24-yakuza-unlikely-on-xbox-360|title=Yakuza unlikely on Xbox 360|author=Martin Robinson|work=[[Eurogamer]]|date=August 24, 2011|accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref> The series primarily focus on the ''[[yakuza]]'' [[Kazuma Kiryu]] frae the Tojo clan. Whilk Kazuma aften assists the Tojo clan, the series haes featurt him searchin for anither wey o life in the form o raisin orphans an aw. The gameplay of ''Yakuza'' haes the player controllin Kazuma (or anither chairacter dependin on the title) in a open warld whaur he can encoonter a enemy or perform an activity in the ceety tae obtain experience. The franchise haes acome a commercial an creetical success, an as o 2016, [[Sega Sammy Holdings]] haes reportit that the ''Yakuza'' franchise haes sauld a combined tot o 9.3 million units in pheesical an digital sales syne its debut in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.docdroid.net/RjsCAJM/sega-intellectual-properties-annual-report-2016.pdf.html|title=Sega Intellectual Properties - Annual Report 2016|publisher=Sega Sammy Holdings|date=2016|accessdate=14 February 2017}}</ref> Strang sales o the gemmes in its oreeginal Japanese mercat haes led tae the franchise's expansion tae ither middlins, includin film adaptations. ==Gemmes== The ''Yakuza'' series includes fower main gemmes; the gemmes wur released in chronological order, wi each new instalment follaein the events o the previous title. Thare are several spin-aff titles an aw. Ane relates Kazuma Kiryu's supposed ancestor, historic figur [[Miyamoto Musashi]] (a.k.a. [[Kazumanosuke Kiryu]]) frae the 16t an 17t centuries; anither follaes a zombie invasion o Kamurocho, the primary settin for the series; on the PSP, anither series is aboot a teenage street fechter frae Kamurocho that ends up in a fecht whaur he kills a Tojo Clan member. On 31 August 2011, twa new ''Yakuza'' gemmes wur annooncit: [[Yakuza 5]] (Ryū ga Gotoku 5) an a sequel tae the PSP gemme, [[Kurohyō 2]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4gamer.net/games/115/G011525/20110831023/|title=Ryū ga Gotoku 5 and Kurohyō 2 Announcement Coverage|date=2011-08-31|publisher=4Gamer.net|language=Japanese|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> ===Main series=== {{Main 2|Yakuza (video gemme)|Yakuza 2|Yakuza 3|Yakuza 4|Yakuza 5|Yakuza 6: The Song of Life}} ===Spin-affs=== {{Main|Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan!}} The success o the main ''Yakuza'' series haes spurred the creation o a [[Spin-aff (media)|spin-off]], ''[[Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan!]]'', which wis released in Japan an Asie on 6 Mairch 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ryu ga Gotoku 3 [Yakuza 3]|publisher=Sega|url=http://www.jeux-france.com/news21764_yakuza-3-annonce.html|accessdate=September 14, 2007}}</ref> {{Main|Kurohyō: Ryū ga Gotoku Shinshō}} Umwhile kent unner the wirkin title "Project K", Yakuza: Black Panther is a spin-aff on [[PlayStation Portable]] that wis released in Japan on 22 September 2010.<ref name="andriasang.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.andriasang.com/e/blog/2010/06/30/ps3_yakuza_game/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-18 |archive-date=2011-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208032440/http://www.andriasang.com/e/blog/2010/06/30/ps3_yakuza_game/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Main|Yakuza: Dead Souls}} ''Of the End'' involves a zombie ootbreak in Kamurocho. This spin-aff entry is bein localisit in the Wast as ''Yakuza: Dead Souls'', an is released in North Americae on 13 Mairch 2012. ==Production== ===Legacy=== The franchise's mixed gameplay is inheritit frae past Sega gemmes that series producer [[Toshihiro Nagoshi]] wirked on includin, the ''[[Shenmue]]'' series, the ''[[Virtua Fighter (series)|Virtua Fighter]]'' series, the ''[[Die Hard Arcade|Dynamite Deka]]'' series (ダイナマイト刑事 a.k.a. ''[[Dynamite Cop]]''), the ''[[SpikeOut]]'' series an the ''[[Jet Set Radio]]'' series. Explicit tribute is peyed tae thir gemmes throu product placement o ''[[Virtua Fighter 4]]'', ''[[Virtua Fighter 5]]'', ''[[SpikeOut]]'' an ''Dynamite Deka EX'' arcade cabinets in ''Yakuza'' Club Sega gemme centers (the latters wur first introducit in ''Shenmue'') an [[cameo appearance]]s (lik [[:en:Characters of the Yakuza series#Cameo characters|Goji Rokkaku frae ''Jet Grind Radio'']]). The ''Yakuza'' gameplay resembles the ane introducit in ''Shenmue'' in mony respects includin Event Mode, Adventure Mode, Battle Mode, [[:en:Minigames of the Yakuza series|minigames]] an [[QTE]]. ===Mercatin=== The series is kent for its expandin video gemme [[tie-in]] an [[product placement]] mercatin policy. Sic strategy allous tae support the gemme's costly production an in the same gies a realistic aspect tae the environs which are based on real locations in [[Tokyo]], [[Osaka]] an [[Naha]]. ===Cast=== The gemme's oreeginal vyce actors are Japanese celebrities which can be ''[[seiyū]]'', sangsters, ''[[tarento]]'', film or TV series actors, radio or telly [[Celebrity|celebrities]]. Cabaret girls an alike characters hae featurt models, [[gravure idol]]s an adult actresses as vyce actresses an likenesses. Syne the 2008 spin-aff, the gemme series' main chairacters hae thair face modeled in 3D efter thair vyce actors. As in the [[Virtua Fighter (series)|''Virtua Fighter'' series]], Wastren main an minor characters daena speak (an course) in Japanese but rather in Inglis. The PlayStation 3 instawments' realistic [[character design]] is based on [[Cyberware Inc.|Cyberware]] [[3D scanner]], [[Softimage XSI|Softimage XSI 6.5]] 3D models<ref name="HPworkstation">{{cite web|title=HP Workstation 導入事例紹介株式会社セガ 「龍が如く3」|author=Hewlett-Packard Japan|publisher=Hewlett-Packard|url=http://h50146.www5.hp.com/products/workstations/personal_ws/case_studies/sega_ryugagotoku.html|year=2009|accessdate=2010-01-17|archive-date=2009-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527121654/http://h50146.www5.hp.com/products/workstations/personal_ws/case_studies/sega_ryugagotoku.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an Sega's [[Magical V-Engine]]. ===Wastren localization chynges=== When the series wis [[Internaitionalization an localization|internaitionalizit an localizit]] tae fit the wastren mercat several chynges occurred. Thir include chyngin the title o the gemme (''Like a Dragon'' 龍が如く, ''ryū ga gotoku'' became ''Yakuza'') an the names o several characters (Shintaro Kazama is Shintaro Fuma, Akira Nishikiyama is Akira Nishiki, Futoshi Shimano is Futo Shimano, Sai no Hanaya is Kage). ''Yakuza 4'' adjustit several of thir localisation changes, follaein creeticism o the previous gemmes, an in pairticular the content excisit frae the Wastren release o ''Yakuza 3''. Producer Noguchi notit that thare wis an attempt tae "bring a mair complete localization that wis mair faithful to the source material". This included reversin several name chynges. In addition, some conventions wur chyngit; in previous Wastren localisations, protagonist Kazuma Kiryu haed been referred tae primarily bi his first name. In ''Yakuza 4'', he is referred tae primarily bi his surname, Kiryu, which mair closely reflects the oreeginal dialogue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2011/04/13/yakuza-4-producer-yasuhiro-noguchi-on-re-localizing-the-series/|title=Yakuza 4 Producer on Re-Localising the Series|date=13/03/2011|publisher=Joystiq|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> ==Music== The three ''Yakuza'' oreeginal soondtrack albums are componed bi [[Hidenori Shoji]], [[Hideki Sakamoto]] ''et alii'' an are published bi [[Wave Master]]. Additional soondtrack featurs sangs frae Japanese airtists [[Crazy Ken Band]], [[Zeebra]], [[Ketsumeishi]] an [[Eikichi Yazawa]]. ==Notes an references== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://ryu-ga-gotoku.com Ryu Ga Gotoku series Portal Steid] {{ja}} *[http://www.yakuza-games.com/ Yakuza series Portal Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040526033725/http://www.yakuza-games.com/ |date=2004-05-26 }} {{en}} *[http://twitter.com/ryugagotoku Ryu Ga Gotoku series Twitter Accoont] {{ja}} *[http://ameblo.jp/ryu-ga-gotoku-team Ryu Ga Gotoku series Offeecial Blog] {{ja}} {{Yakuza series}} {{Franchises bi Sega}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yakuza (Series)}} [[Category:Yazuka (series)|Series]] jujuhrdljuqh3wm6398j0gl0z4izxft 0 37805 918510 885787 2026-06-20T12:32:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{itheruises|White teeger}} {{Chinese |pic=Wadang-baihu.jpg|piccap=Bái Hǔ sculpture on the eaves tile |c=白虎|p=Bái Hǔ |j=baak6 fu2|y=baak6 fu2 |poj=pe̍h-hó͘ |kanji=白虎 |hiragana=びゃっこ |revhep=Byakko |kunrei=Byakko |hangul=백호|rr=Baek-ho |hanja=白虎 |qn=Bạch Hổ ||hantu=白虎 }} The '''White Teeger''' is ane o the [[Fower Seembols (Cheenese constellation)|Fower Seembols]] o the [[Cheenese constellations]]. It is whiles cried the '''White Tiger o the Wast''' (西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ), an is kent as '''Baihu''' in [[Cheena|Cheenese]], '''Byakko''' in [[Japan]]ese, '''Baekho''' in [[Korea]]n an '''Bạch Hổ''' in [[Vietnam]]ese. It represents the [[wast]] an the hairst saison. ==The Seiven Mansions o the White Tiger== As the ither three Seembols, thare are seiven "mansions", or poseetions, o the [[muin]] athin White Tiger. The names an determinative starns are:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://idp.bl.uk/education/astronomy/sky.html | title=The Chinese Sky | publisher=[[International Dunhuang Project]] | accessdate=2011-06-25 | archive-date=2015-11-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104154237/http://idp.bl.uk/education/astronomy/sky.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Sun | first=Xiaochun | editor=Helaine Selin | editor-link=Helaine Selin | title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA517 | year=1997 | page=517 | publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers | isbn=0-7923-4066-3| accessdate=2011-06-25}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mansion no. !! Name ([[pinyin]]) !! Translation !! Determinative star |- | 15 || 奎 (Kuí) || [[:en:Legs (Chinese constellation)|Legs]] || [[:en:Eta Andromedae|η And]] |- | 16 || 婁 (Lóu) || [[:en:Bond (Chinese constellation)|Bond]] || [[:en:35 Arietis|β Ari]] |- | 17 || 胃 (Wèi) || [[:en:Stomach (Chinese constellation)|Stomach]] || [[:en:Epsilon Arietis|35 Ari]] |- | 18 || 昴 (Mǎo) || [[:en:Hairy Head (Chinese constellation)|Hairy Head]] || [[:en:Electra (star)|17 Tau]] |- | 19 || 畢 (Bì) || [[:en:Net (Chinese constellation)|Net]] || [[:en:Epsilon Tauri|ε Tau]] |- | 20 || 觜 (Zī) || [[:en:Turtle Beak (Chinese constellation)|Turtle Beak]] || [[:en:Lambda Orionis|λ Ori]] |- | 21 || 參 (Shēn) || [[:en:Three Stars (Chinese constellation)|Three Stars]] || [[:en:Zeta Orionis|ζ Ori]] |} ==Oreegin== Durin the [[Han Dynasty]], fowk believit the [[tiger]] tae be the keeng o aw beasts. Accordin tae legend the tiger's tail wad turn intae white whan it reached the age o 500 years. In this wey, the [[white tiger]] became a kynd o meethological creatur. It wis said that the white tiger wad anerlie appear whan the [[Emperor o Cheenae|emperor]] ruled wi absolute virtue, or if thare wis peace throughout the warld. Acause the colour [[white]] o the [[Wu Xing|Cheenese five elements]] represents the wast an aw, the white tiger sicweys became a meethological guardian o the wast. In the novel [[Shuo Tang Yanyi]] (Tales o [[Tang Dynasty]]), the reincarnation o '''White Tiger'''{{'}}s Star is said tae be [[Li Shimin]]'s general [[Luo Cheng]] (羅成) an the reincarnation o '''Azure Dragon'''{{'}}s Starn is said tae be the rebellious general [[Shan Xiongxin]] (單雄信). Thay twa are sworn brithers o [[Qin Shubao]] (秦叔寶), [[Cheng Zhijie]] (程知節) an [[Yuchi Jingde]] (尉遲敬德). Thair souls efter daith are said tae possess the body o the new heroes o [[Tang Dynasty]] an [[Liao Dynasty]], [[Xue Rengui]] (薛仁貴) an He Suwen (郃苏文). In some legends o the Tang Dynasty's general [[Xue Rengui]], he is said tae be the reincarnation o the White Tiger's Starn, an his airchenemy, the Liao Dynasty's prince He Suwen is the reincarnation o the Azure Dragon's Starn. ==See an aw== *[[Fower Sauntly Beasts (Vietnam)]] *[[Teeger]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/charts.htm "Star Chairts an Muin Stations"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728152847/http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/charts.htm |date=2012-07-28 }} * [http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/fall.htm The White Tiger o the Wast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312210656/http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/fall.htm |date=2012-03-12 }} {{Cheenese constellations}} [[Category:Cheenese constellations]] [[Category:Cheenese leegendar craiturs]] [[Category:Meethological felines]] [[Category:Tigers]] 3i1m3flc8egfc1ypsug3cifxr9eklqb 0 41624 918515 893872 2026-06-20T12:50:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson |birth_date=29 Mey 1987 |birth_place=[[Cienfuegos]], [[Cuba]] |weight=51 kg (112 lb) |coach=Ronaldo Veitia |medaltemplates={{MedalSport | Weemen's [[Judo]]}} {{MedalCountry | {{flag|Cuba}} }} {{MedalOlympics}} {{MedalSilver |[[2008 Simmer Olympics|2008 Beijing]] | [[:en:Judo at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg|–48&nbsp;kg]]}} {{MedalSilver |[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]] | [[:en:Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 52 kg|–52&nbsp;kg]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Pan American Games]]}} {{MedalGold| [[:en:2007 Pan American Games|2007 Rio de Janeiro]] | [[:en:Judo at the 2007 Pan American Games|–48&nbsp;kg]]}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Pan American Judo Championships]]}} {{MedalGold| [[:en:2011 Pan American Judo Championships|2011 Guadalajara]] | –52 kg}} {{MedalSilver| [[:en:2010 Pan American Judo Championships|2010 San Salvador]] | –52 kg}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Central American an Caribbean Games]]}} {{MedalGold| [[:en:2006 Central American and Caribbean Games|2006 Cartagena]] | [[:en:Judo at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games|48&nbsp;kg]]}} {{MedalGold| [[:en:2006 Central American and Caribbean Games|2006 Cartagena]] | [[:en:Judo at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games|Tema]]}} }} '''Yanet Bermoy Acosta''' (born 29 Mey 1987 in [[Cienfuegos]]) is a [[Cuba]]n [[judo]]ka. She wan the siller medal in the [[:en:Judo at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg|Weemen's 48 kg]] at the [[2008 Simmer Olympics]] an the siller medal in the [[:en:Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 52 kg|Weemen's 52 kg]] at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]]. ==Freemit airtins== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080812051707/http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/BIO/Athlete/5/241175.shtml Bio at Beijing Olympics official site] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121030115535/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/bermoy-acosta-yanet-1079367/ Bio at London Olympics offeecial steid] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bermoy, Yanet}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cienfuegos]] [[Category:Cuban judoka]] [[Category:Judoka at the 2007 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Judoka at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Judoka at the 2011 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Judoka at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic judoka o Cuba]] [[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Cuba]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in judo]] 003dg1bax5npxdib0oerni57f5nbk2t 0 42812 918524 914506 2026-06-20T14:07:24Z 663highland 93180 918524 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Suminoe-ku in Osaka City.svg|thumb|Location o Suminoe-ku in Osaka Ceety]] {{nihongo|'''Suminoe-ku'''|住之江区}} is ane o 24 [[wairds o Japan|wards]] o [[Osaka]], [[Japan]]. Stretchin alang the sooth-wast border o Osaka, it is adjacent tae [[Minato-ku, Osaka|Minato-ku]], [[Taisho-ku, Osaka|Taisho-ku]] an [[Nishinari-ku, Osaka|Nishinari-ku]] tae the north an [[Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka|Sumiyoshi-ku]] tae the east. Harbourin hauf o the bay aurie, Suminoe-ku is host tae a nummer o attractions. [[File:Sakishima Cosmo Tower.jpg|thumb|right|[[Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building]]]] * [[Zepp|Zepp Osaka]] * [[Osaka Maritime Museum]] * Nanko [[Bird sanctuary]] * Asia & Pacific Trade Center * [[Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building]] * [[Wine Museum Osaka]] * [[Sportology Gallery]] * [[Intex Osaka]] * [[Kansai Electric Power Station]] ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category-inline}} *[http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/contents/wdu020/suminoe/english/ Suminoe Waird subpage o offeecial Osaka wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113094129/http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/contents/wdu020/suminoe/english/ |date=2013-01-13 }} {{en icon}} {{Osaka}} [[Category:Wairds o Osaka]] rlv2kaxrqq22tf4bypsh8k3uz6frzbw 0 43134 918520 885527 2026-06-20T12:58:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Yeongdeungpo-gu | official_name = 영등포구 · 永登浦區 | native_name = | native_name_lang = kr | settlement_type = [[Leet o destricts o Seoul|Destrict]] <!-- images, nickname, motto ---> | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Yeouido Skyline | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = <!-- maps and coordinates ------> | image_map = Seoul Yeongdeungpo-gu.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o Yeongdeungpo-gu in [[Seoul]] | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = |dot_y = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = &nbsp; | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> <!-- location ------------------> | subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Sooth Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Leet o regions o Korea|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Direct-controlled municipality#Sooth Korea|Special Ceety]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Seoul]] | subdivision_type3 = Admeenistrative dong | subdivision_name3 = 22 <!-- established ---------------> | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = <!-- seat, smaller parts -------> | seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat --> | seat = <!-- government type, leaders --> | government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --> <!-- display settings ---------> | total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --> <!-- area ----------------------> | area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> | area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_total_km2 = 24.56 | area_total_sq_mi = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --> | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_note = <!-- elevation -----------------> | elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- population ----------------> | population_footnotes = | population_total = 396,243 | population_as_of = 2010<ref name="kosispop">[http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) > Population and Household > Census Result (2010) > Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826055149/http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |date=2013-08-26 }}, Retrieved 2010-06-02.</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi= | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --> | population_note = <!-- time zone(s) --------------> | timezone1 = [[Korea Staundart Time]] | utc_offset1 = +9 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = <!-- postal codes, area code ---> | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> | area_code = <!-- website, footnotes --------> | website = [http://english.ydp.go.kr/ Yeongdeungpo-gu official website] | footnotes = }} '''Yeongdeungpo-gu''' is an admeenistrative destrict in soothwast [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. Awtho the oreegin o the name is uncertain, the first twa syllables are thocht tae be frae "''yeongdeung''" (靈登) or "divine ascent", a [[Korean shamanism|shamanic]] rite.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tour.ydp.go.kr/culture/culture_03_01.asp?cul_type=1&cul_id=10058|title=동 명칭 및 주요 옛지명 유래|work=Yeongdeungpo-gu government Korean-language tourism website|accessdate=2006-04-07}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The third syllable is "''po''", representin watter (浦), referrin tae the destrict's poseetion on the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]]. The 2006 population wis 408,819. The current magistrate is [[Kim Hyung-Su]]. Thare are 22 admeenistrative [[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea|"dong"]] an 34 legal [[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea|"dong"]]. [[Yeouido]] Dong is the lairgest in aurie an takes aboot 34% o the laund. The tot aurie is 24.56&nbsp;km² (2004), makkin up 4% o Seoul's laund. The annual budget is approximately 2 billion won. Yeongdeungpo-gu haes been hivily developit as an office, commercial, an residential destrict. Yeouido Dong is hame tae [[DLI 63 Building]], the heichest office biggin in [[Sooth Korea]] an currently the 3rd tawest biggin in the kintra. The [[Naitional Assembly Biggin]] is locatit in [[Yeouido|Yeouido-dong]]. Ither organisations, sic as the Financial Union o Korea are based in Yeongdeungpo an aw. Thare are mass-media corporations in the aurie an aw, includin; [[Kookmin Ilbo|Kookmin Newspaper Corporation]]; [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation]] an [[Korean Broadcasting System]]. ==History== On 1 Januar 1963, Some auries o [[Bucheon]] Coonty wur combined tae Yeongdeungpo Destrict as belaw. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan=2, style="width:50%"| Auld destrict !! colspan=2, style="width:50%"|New destrict |- | Ojeong myeon || Ogok-ri an Osoe-ri || rowspan=2| Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul || rowspan=2| Ogok-ri, Osoe-ri, Hang-ri, Onsu-ri, Gung-ri, Cheonwang-ri, Oryu-ri, Gaebong-ri an Gocheok-ri |- | Sosa-eup || Hang-ri, Onsu-ri, Gung-ri, Cheonwang-ri, Oryu-ri, Gaebong-ri an Gocheok-ri |} ==Economy== Amang the 291 heid offices o financial institutions locatit in Seoul, 93 are based in Yeouido, Yeongdeungpo. Notably, 42 oot o 68 asset management companies an 8 oot o 11 futurs companies hae thair heid offices in Yeouido.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yeouido International Finance Center|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/db/kcp/sez4.php|accessdate=28 Sep 2012|newspaper=Seoul Metropolitan Government Ilbo|archive-date=2013-04-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419052758/http://english.seoul.go.kr/db/kcp/sez4.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thir include [[Mirae Asset Group]], [[Korea Life Insurance]], [[Daewoo Securities|KDB]], [[Korea Investment Holdings]] an mony mair. [[Korea Exchange]] wis oreeginally locatit in Yeouido, but it muivit ae Busan in 2009. [[Korea Financial Investment Association]] is still based in Yeouido. Ither notable companies based in Yeongdeungpo include [[Lotte Confectionery]], [[Hanjin|Hanjin Shipping]],<ref>"[http://www.hanjin.co.kr/English_html/aboutus/hjgroup.jsp Company Info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019150843/http://www.hanjin.co.kr/English_html/aboutus/hjgroup.jsp |date=2014-10-19 }}." ''[[Hanjin]]''. Retrieved on November 19, 2008</ref> [[LG Corp.]],<ref>"[http://www.lg.com/global/about-lg/corporate-information/at-a-glance/overview.jsp Overview]." [[LG Corp.]] Retrieved on January 6, 2010. "Address: LG Twin Towers, 20 Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-721, KOREA"</ref> an [[Keoyang Shipping]] are heidquairtered in [[Yeouido-dong]] in Yeongdeungpo Destrict. The [[Korean Broadcasting System]] (KBS) New Wing Open Hall is locatit in Yeouido-dong. It is the broadcast an recordin centre o mony KBS programmes wi a [[studio audience]], namely the live weekly muisic shaw ''[[Music Bank (TV series)|Music Bank]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to apply for K-Pop Music Shows|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/CU/CU_EN_8_7_2_1.jsp|work=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=3 June 2012|archive-date=2015-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627191445/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/CU/CU_EN_8_7_2_1.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Yeongdeungpo-gu is dividit intae the follaein "''dong''"s. *[[Dangsan-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 당산동) (dividit in turn intae Dangsan 1 an 2 Dong) *[[Daerim-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 대림동) (dividit in turn intae Daerim 1, 2, an 3 Dong) *[[Dorim-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 도림동) (Dorim 1 an 2 Dong haed been combined in September 2008) *[[Mullae-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 문래동) (dividit in turn intae Mullae 1 an 2 Dong) *[[Singil-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 신길동) (dividit in turn intae Singil 1 tae 7 Dong) *[[Yangpyeong-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 양평동) (dividit in turn intae Yangpyeong 1 an 2 Dong) **[[Yanghwa-dong]] *[[Yeongdeungpo-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 영등포동) (dividit in turn intae Yeongdeungpo-dong an Yeongdeungpobon-dong) *[[Yeouido-dong]] ([[Hangul]]: 여의도동) ==Transportation== ===Railroad=== *[[Korail]] ;*[[Seoul Subway Line 1]] ;;;([[Dongjak-gu]]) ← [[Daebang Station|Daebang]] — [[Singil Station|Singil]] — [[Yeongdeungpo Station|Yeongdeungpo]] → ([[Guro-gu]]) *[[Seoul Metro]] ;*[[Seoul Subway Line 2]] Euljiro Circle Line ;;;([[Guro-gu]]) ← [[Mullae Station|Mullae]] — [[Yeongdeungpo-gu Office Station|Yeongdeungpo-gu Office]] — [[Dangsan Station|Dangsan]] → ([[Mapo-gu]]) *[[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]] ;*[[Seoul Subway Line 5]] ;;;([[Yangcheon-gu]]) ← [[Yangpyeong Station|Yangpyeong]] — [[Yeongdeungpo-gu Office Station|Yeongdeungpo-gu Office]] — [[Yeongdeungpo Market Station|Yeongdeungpo Market]] — [[Singil Station|Singil]] — [[Yeouido Station|Yeouido]] — [[Yeouinaru Station|Yeouinaru]] → ([[Mapo-gu]]) ;*[[Seoul Subway Line 7]] ;;;([[Dongjak-gu]]) ← [[Boramae Station|Boramae]] — [[Sinpung Station|Sinpung]] — [[Daerim Station|Daerim]] → ([[Guro-gu]]) *Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation ;*[[Seoul Subway Line 9]] ;;;([[Yangcheon-gu]]) ← [[Seonyudo Station|Seonyudo]] — [[Dangsan Station|Dangsan]] — [[National Assembly Station|National Assembly]] — [[Yeouido Station|Yeouido]] — [[Saetgang Station|Saetgang]] → ([[Dongjak-gu]]) ==Sister ceeties== *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Cheongyang]], [[Sooth Korea]] *{{flagicon|China}} [[Dezhou]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Goseong (Gyeongsangnam-do)|Goseong]], [[Sooth Korea]] *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kishiwada, Osaka|Kishiwada]], [[Japan]] *{{flagicon|China}} [[Mentougou Destrict]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Yeongam]], [[Sooth Korea]] ==See an aw== {{Portal|Seoul}} *[[Geografie o Sooth Korea]] *[[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea]] *[[Seoul#Admeenistrative diveesions|Admeenistrative diveesions o Seoul]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category-inline|Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul}} *[http://english.ydp.go.kr/ Offeecial wabsteid]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613192411/http://english.ydp.go.kr/ |date=2008-06-13 }} {{Destricts o Seoul}} [[Category:Yeongdeungpo-gu| ]] dxh0j7234w75t05rrwrog7vl2isvswv 0 48377 918509 885377 2026-06-20T12:30:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = West Valley City, Utah |official_name = City of West Valley City |settlement_type = [[Ceety]] |nickname = degla |motto = <!-- Images --> |image_skyline = E Center outside 2002.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = The [[Maverik Center]] in West Valley City, hame o the [[Utah Grizzlies]] ice hockey team. |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |image_map = Salt Lake County Utah incorporated and unincorporated areas West Valley City highlighted.svg |map_caption = Location in [[Salt Lake Coonty, Utah|Salt Lake Coonty]] an the state o [[Utah]]. <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Utah]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Leet o coonties in Utah|Coonty]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Salt Lake Coonty, Utah|Salt Lake]] <!-- Government --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = [[Ron C. Bigelow|Ron Bigelow]] |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 91.8 |area_land_km2 = 91.7 |area_water_km2 = 0.1 |area_total_sq_mi = 35.5 |area_land_sq_mi = 35.4 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.1 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = 2012 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 132434 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = auto <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]] |utc_offset = -7 |timezone_DST = MDT |utc_offset_DST = -6 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 1312 |elevation_ft = 4304 |coordinates = {{coord|40|41|21|N|111|59|38|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = [[Aurie codes 385 an 801|385, 801]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 49-83470<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] featur ID |blank1_info = 1437843<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref> |website = {{url|http://www.wvc-ut.gov/}} |footnotes = }} '''West Valley City''' is a ceety in [[Salt Lake Coonty, Utah|Salt Lake Coonty]] an a suburb o [[Salt Lake City]] in the [[U.S. state]] o [[Utah]]. The population wis 129,480 at the [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010 census]],<ref>[http://mcdc.missouri.edu/webrepts/pl94trends/Utah_stplace2.html Utah Trend Report 2: State and Complete Places (Sub-state 2010 Census Data).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201072452/http://mcdc.missouri.edu/webrepts/pl94trends/Utah_stplace2.html |date=2016-02-01 }} Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed 2011-02-26.</ref> makin it the [[Leet o ceeties in Utah (bi population)|seicont-lairgest ceety in Utah]]. Prior tae its incorporation as a ceety, it wis commonly kent bi the communities o Hunter, Granger, Chesterfield, an Redwood. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|West Valley City, Utah}} [[Category:West Valley City, Utah| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Utah]] [[Category:Salt Lake City metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1849]] [[Category:1980 establishments]] [[Category:Ceeties in Salt Lake Coonty, Utah]] [[Category:Wasatch Front]] ezfintajjbgjk0kkmfjzt2w3pnqhip9 0 70944 918516 885389 2026-06-20T12:51:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Yangjae-dong | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = {{linktext|양|재|동}} | hanja = {{linktext|良|才|洞}} | rr = Yangjae-dong | mr = Yangchae-tong | area_km2 = 13.34 | pop = 53783 | popyear = 2012 | popden_km2 = auto | popdennote = | divs = | map = Yangjaedong seochogu.png |mapcaption = Yangjae-dong athin Seocho-gu }} '''Yangjae-dong''' is a ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'', (neebourheid) o [[Seocho-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=732225&contentno=732225|title=양재동 (Yangjae-dong 良才洞)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-19|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Seocho-gu">{{cite web |url=http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/vf/page.jsp?code=vfe050000000 |publisher=Seocho-gu official site |title=The status quo of Yangjae-dong |accessdate=2008-04-19 |language=Korean |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100427/http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/vf/page.jsp?code=vfe050000000 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yangjae-dong is dividit intae 2 different dong which are Yangjae 1-dong an 2-dong. [[Torch Trinity Graduate Varsity]] is locatit in Yangjae-dong.<ref>"[http://www.ttgu.ac.kr/ttgst/eng/images/main/footer01.gif footer01.gif] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402083536/http://www.ttgu.ac.kr/ttgst/eng/images/main/footer01.gif |date=2012-04-02 }}." [[Torch Trinity Graduate University]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2013. "55 Yangjae-Dong, Sucho-Gu, Seoul 137-889, Korea"</ref> == History == * 1 Julie 1973 Chynge frae [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] tae [[Seongdong-gu]]. * 1 October 1975 Chynge frae Seongdong-gu tae [[Gangnam-gu]]. * 1 Januar 1988 Chynge frae Gangnam-gu tae [[Seocho-gu]] * 1992 Sudividit intae Yangjae 1 an 2-dong. == Education == * High Schools ** Yangjae High School ** Eonnam High School * Middle Schools ** Eonnam Middle School ** Rainbow International School * Elementary Schools ** Maeheon Elementary School ** Yangjae Elementary School ==Transportation== * [[Yangjae Station]] o {{SMS line links|s03}} an o {{SMS line links|sinl}} * [[Yangjae Citizen's Forest Station]] o {{SMS line links|sinl}} * [[Cheonggyesan Station]] o {{SMS line links|sinl}} == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://english.seocho.go.kr/ Seocho-gu offeecial wabsteid] *[http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/fe/page.jsp?code=fea040000000 Seocho-gu map]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100417/http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/fe/page.jsp?code=fea040000000 |date=2015-09-24 }} at the Seocho-gu offeecial wabsteid *{{ko}} [http://yangjae1.seocho.go.kr/ The Yangjae 1-dong Resident office] {{Seocho-gu}} {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Seocho-gu]] 4l62dzp3twzk0rpstmnkn8xi0llbv5p 0 73906 918518 885605 2026-06-20T12:56:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Yeomchang-dong | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = {{linktext|염|창|동}} | hanja = {{linktext|鹽|倉|洞}} | rr = Yeomchang-dong | mr = Yŏmch'ang-tong | area_km2 = 1.74 | pop = 35795 | popnote = <ref name="encyber" /> | popyear = 2001 | popden_km2 = 20572 | popdennote = | divs = | map = |mapcaption = }} '''Yeomchang-dong''' is a ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'', neebourheid o [[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=732179&contentno=732179|title=염창동 (Yeomchang-dong 鹽倉洞)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-19|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.gangseo.seoul.kr/english/index.html Gangseo-gu offeecial wabsteid]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{ko}} [http://www.gangseo.seoul.kr/portal/introduc/main4_map.jsp Gangseo-gu map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030041347/http://www.gangseo.seoul.kr/portal/introduc/main4_map.jsp |date=2004-10-30 }} at the Gangseo-gu offeecial wabsteid *{{ko}} [http://www.gangseo.seoul.kr/dong/index.jsp Resident offices o Gangseo-gu]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202140208/http://www.gangseo.seoul.kr/dong/index.jsp |date=2024-12-02 }} {{Gangseo-gu, Seoul}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Gangseo-gu, Seoul]] {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} 1sb28oc7t7lp0u8a2uqtcnyy9ksat78 0 75245 918519 885595 2026-06-20T12:58:00Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Yeomgok-dong | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = {{linktext|염|곡|동}} | hanja = {{linktext|廉|谷|洞}} | rr = Yeomgok-dong | mr = Yŏmkok-tong | divs = | map = |mapcaption = }} '''Yeomgok-dong''' is a ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'', neebourheid o [[Seocho-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. It is a legal dong (법정동 {{linktext|法|定|洞}}) admeenistered unner its admeenistrative dong (행정동 {{linktext|行|政|洞}}), [[Naegok-dong]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=763929&contentno=763929|title=염곡동 (Yeomgok-dong 廉谷洞)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-19|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://english.seocho.go.kr/ Seocho-gu offeecial wabsteid] *[http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/fe/page.jsp?code=fea040000000 Seocho-gu map]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100417/http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/fe/page.jsp?code=fea040000000 |date=2015-09-24 }} at the Seocho-gu offeecial wabsteid *{{ko}} [http://Naegok.seocho.go.kr/ The Naegok-dong Resident office] {{Seocho-gu}} {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Seocho-gu]] mvgat3zhlyv63hvgn5g5rp4nqjw1kab 0 75310 918511 885594 2026-06-20T12:43:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Wonji-dong | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = {{linktext|원|지|동}} | hanja = {{linktext|院|趾|洞}} | rr = Wonji-dong | mr = Wŏnji-tong | divs = | map = |mapcaption = }} '''Wonji-dong''' is a ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'', neebourheid o [[Seocho-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. It is a legal dong (법정동 {{linktext|法|定|洞}}) admeenistered unner its admeenistrative dong (행정동 {{linktext|行|政|洞}}), [[Yangjae-dong|Yangjae 2-dong]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=763931&contentno=763931|title=원지동 (Wonji-dong 院趾洞)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-19|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://english.seocho.go.kr/ Seocho-gu offeecial wabsteid] *[http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/fe/page.jsp?code=fea040000000 Seocho-gu map]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100417/http://www.seocho.go.kr/site/fe/page.jsp?code=fea040000000 |date=2015-09-24 }} at the Seocho-gu offeecial wabsteid *{{ko}} [http://yangjae2.seocho.go.kr/ The Yangjae 2-dong Resident office] {{Seocho-gu}} {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Seocho-gu]] 0c2hhrp619hleq08ffcdwx2wuxdw47e 0 75796 918512 885484 2026-06-20T12:44:35Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Wonseo-dong | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = 원서동 | hanja = {{linktext|苑|西|洞}} | rr = Wonseo dong | mr = Wonseo tong | divs = | map = |mapcaption = }} '''Wonseo-dong''' is a ''[[dong (neighbourhood)|dong]]'', neebourheid o [[Jongno-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. It is a legal dong (법정동 {{linktext|法|定|洞}}) admeenistered unner its admeenistrative dong (행정동 {{linktext|行|政|洞}}), [[Gahoe-dong]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=763386&contentno=763386|title=원서동 (Wonseo-dong 苑西洞)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-22|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=139888&contentno=139888|title=종로구 (Jongno-gu 鍾路區)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-22|language=Korean|archive-date=2012-12-04|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121204161724/http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=139888&contentno=139888|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web |url=http://www2.guro.go.kr/site/gu/page.jsp?code=guf040100010 |title=Chronicle of Beopjeong-dong and Haengjeong-dong |publisher=[[Guro-gu]] Official website |language=Korean |access-date=2014-06-09 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120702/http://www2.guro.go.kr/site/gu/page.jsp?code=guf040100010 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mapo.go.kr/Design/html_cms/e_ward/03_office_dong_law.jsp |title=Mapo Information |work=The chart of Beopjeong-dong assigned by Haengjeong-dong (행정동별 관할 법정동 일람표) |publisher=[[Mapo-gu]] Official website |language=Korean |access-date=2014-06-09 |archive-date=2007-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105043941/http://www.mapo.go.kr/Design/html_cms/e_ward/03_office_dong_law.jsp |url-status=dead }} ==Freemit airtin== * [http://www.jongno.go.kr/english/index.jsp Jongno-gu Offeecial steid in Inglis] *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/page?pageId=550302150 Status quo o Jongno-gu bi admeenistrative dong]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427054105/http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/page?pageId=550302150 |date=2005-04-27 }} *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/cvmp/ab_gahoe/index.jsp Gahoe-dong Resident office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110005832/http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/cvmp/ab_gahoe/index.jsp |date=2006-01-10 }} {{Jongno-gu}} {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Jongno-gu]] nqmgb6xh8g5a2ymv9szu4xnkgzv1drt 0 76795 918521 885490 2026-06-20T12:59:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Yeongeon-dong | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = 연건동 | hanja = {{linktext|蓮|建|洞}} | rr = Yeon geon dong | mr = Yon kon tong | divs = | map = |mapcaption = }} '''Yeongeon-dong''' is a ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'', neebourheid o [[Jongno-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. It is a legal dong (법정동 {{linktext|法|定|洞}}) admeenistered unner its admeenistrative dong (행정동 {{linktext|行|政|洞}}), [[Ihwa-dong, Seoul|Ihwa-dong]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=763380&contentno=763380|title=연건동 (Yeongeon-dong 蓮建洞)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-25|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=139888&contentno=139888|title=종로구 (Jongno-gu 鍾路區)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-22|language=Korean|archive-date=2012-12-04|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121204161724/http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=139888&contentno=139888|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web |url=http://www2.guro.go.kr/site/gu/page.jsp?code=guf040100010 |title=Chronicle of Beopjeong-dong and Haengjeong-dong |publisher=[[Guro-gu]] Official website |language=Korean |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120702/http://www2.guro.go.kr/site/gu/page.jsp?code=guf040100010 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mapo.go.kr/Design/html_cms/e_ward/03_office_dong_law.jsp |title=Mapo Information |work=The chart of Beopjeong-dong assigned by Haengjeong-dong (행정동별 관할 법정동 일람표) |publisher=[[Mapo-gu]] Official website |language=Korean |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2007-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105043941/http://www.mapo.go.kr/Design/html_cms/e_ward/03_office_dong_law.jsp |url-status=dead }} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.jongno.go.kr/english/index.jsp Jongno-gu Offeecial steid in Inglis] *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/index.jsp Jongno-gu Offeecial steid] *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/page?pageId=550302150 Status quo o Jongno-gu bi admeenistrative dong]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427054105/http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/page?pageId=550302150 |date=2005-04-27 }} *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/dong/index.jsp?dp=12 Ihwa-dong Resident office]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112013111/http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/dong/index.jsp?dp=12 |date=2006-11-12 }} {{Jongno-gu}} {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Jongno-gu]] o6wsobbjua17jcw8wv2sokfbpb1rgys 0 86268 918507 885283 2026-06-20T12:03:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Colombia - Cundinamarca - Viotá.svg|thumb|right|250px|Location o the toun an municipality o '''Viotá''' in [[Cundinamarca]].]] '''Viotá''' is a municipality an toun o [[Colombie]] in the [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Cundinamarca]]. ==Freemit airtins== *{{es icon}} [http://viota-cundinamarca.gov.co/nuestromunicipio.shtml?apc=m-f1--&m=f Viota offeecial website]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094549/http://viota-cundinamarca.gov.co/nuestromunicipio.shtml?apc=m-f1--&m=f |date=2007-09-29 }} * [http://www.colectivodeabogados.org/article.php3?id_article=1266 Viotá, 2003: Mere Coincidences?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202051701/http://www.colectivodeabogados.org/article.php3?id_article=1266 |date=2017-02-02 }} {{Municipalities cundinamarca depairtment}} {{coord|4|26|17|N|74|31|26|W|display=title|region:CO_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Viota}} [[Category:Municipalities o Cundinamarca]] [[Category:Populatit places in Cundinamarca]] 6xkcc8pslfs4l4ikoltxhbeunw09opj 0 127722 918529 917750 2026-06-20T17:53:56Z Hammill Ten 133182 918529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noscots}} {{Infobox television | show_name = SpongeBob SquarePants | image = SBSP logo.png | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * Comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref> *Slapstick *Surreal humor}} | runtime = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)<br />22 minutes (special episodes anly) | creautor = [[Stephen Hillenburg]] | developer = {{Plainlist| * [[Derek Drymon]] * [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]] * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] }} | creative_director = {{Plainlist| * Derek Drymon <small>(1999–2004)</small> * [[Vincent Waller]] <small>(2005–15)</small> }} | opentheme = "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme", performed by [[Patrick Pinney]] | endtheme = "SpongeBob Closing Theme", written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr | theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon<br />Mark Harrison<br />Stephen Hillenburg<br />Blaise Smith | composer = Steve Belfer<br />Nicolas Carr<br />Sage Guyton<br />Jeremy Wakefield<br />Brad Carow <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[The Blue Hawaiians]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />Eban Schletter <small>(2000–present)</small><br />Barry Anthony <small>(2006–15)</small> | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Kenny]] * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] * [[Rodger Bumpass]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * [[Mary Jo Catlett]] * [[Mr. Lawrence]] * [[Jill Talley]] }} | kintra = United States | leid = Inglis | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | picture_format = {{Plainlist| * [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | audio_format = {{Plainlist| * Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|05|01}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | num_seasons = 13 <!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--> | num_episodes = <onlyinclude>278</onlyinclude> | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Stephen Hillenburg * [[Paul Tibbitt]] <small>(2008–17)</small> * <small>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2006–08)</small> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Donna Castricone <small>(1999–2002)</small> * Helen Kafatic <small>(2002–04)</small> * Anne Michaud <small>(2001)</small> * Dina Buteyn <small>(2005–10)</small> * Jennie Monica Hammond <small>(2010–present)</small> * <small>'''Supervising Producers:'''</small> * Derek Drymon <small>(2002–04)</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2005–15)</small> * Marc Ceccarelli <small>(2015–present)</small> * Vincent Waller <small>(2015–present)</small> }} | list_episodes = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[United Plankton Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Rough Draft Korea (animation service) }} | distributor = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)<br />[[Paramount Television]] | relatit = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' | website = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants }} '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series chronicles the adventures an endeavors o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various friends in the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it mak a [[media franchise]], as well as the heichest rated series tae ever air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distributed property o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--> As of 2024, the media franchise haes generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> Mony of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which Hillenburg creatit in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}</ref> He began developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 upon the cancellation of ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny]], who haed worked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreeginally going tae be named ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'', but thir war baith changed, as the name wis already trademarked. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airing of the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards]]. The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes received warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its seicont season. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in theaters on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series began airing its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth season]], beginnin wi the episode "Whirly Brains". In Mey 2017, the show wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t season. The series haes won a variety of awards, includin six [[Annie Award]]s, aicht [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|Golden Reel Awards]], twa [[Emmy Award]]s, 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]], and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Awards]]. Despite its widespread popularity, the series haes been involved in several public controversies, includin ane centred on speculation over SpongeBob's intendit sexual orientation, an anither focusing on the perceived declining quality of the show's content syne the release of the first film. In 2011, a newly describit species of fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named efter the cartoon's title character. ==Characters== ===Main characters=== The series features an ensemble cast o ten main characters, consistin o SpongeBob an his aquatic friends wha live i the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom.<ref name="dhosford">{{cite web |date=July 22, 2016 |title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Character Guide Refresh |url=https://issuu.com/dhosford/docs/sb_character_guide |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807141336/https://issuu.com/dhosford/docs/sb_character_guide |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |work=Nickelodeon Consumer Products |publisher=[[Viacom International]] |page=3 |quote=The TV show features a colorful cast of ten main characters, headlined by SpongeBob and his best friend Patrick.}}</ref> *SpongeBob SquarePants (voicit bi [[Tom Kenny]]) *Patrick Star (voicit bi [[Bill Fagerbakke]]) *Squidward Tentacles (voicit bi [[Rodger Bumpass]]) *Mr. Krabs (voicit bi [[Clancy Brown]]) *Pearl Krabs (voicit bi [[Lori Alan]]) *Sandy Cheeks (voicit bi [[Carolyn Lawrence]]) *Mrs. Puff (voicit bi [[Mary Jo Catlett]]) *Sheldon J. Plankton (voicit bi [[Mr. Lawrence]]) *Karen Plankton (voicit bi [[Jill Talley]]) *Gary the Snail (voicit bi [[Tom Kenny]]) ===Other characters=== I addition tae the ten main characters, the series periodically features occasional guest stars. Most dooble-lenth episodes of the show are hosted by a [[live action]] pirate named [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Patchy|Patchy]] and his pet parrot [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Potty|Potty]], whose segments are presented in a [[dual narrative]] wi the animated stories.<ref>{{cite news|title=Critic's corner|author=Bianco, Robert|date=March 21, 2003|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|page=12E}}</ref> Ither occasional guest characters appear throughout the series, sic as the muscular lifeguard of Goo Lagoon, [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Larry the Lobster|Larry the Lobster]]; a pirate [[Ghost|specter]] kent as the [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#The Flying Dutchman|Flying Dutchman]]; and retired superheroes [[Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy]], who are idolized by SpongeBob and Patrick. ==Premise== [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|SpongeBob SquarePants]] is an energetic and optimistic [[sponge|sea sponge]] (awtho his appearance more closely resembles a [[sponge (material)|kitchen sponge]]) who lifes in a [[sea pineapple]]. He loves his job as a fry cook at the [[Krusty Krab]] restaurant an takes boat-drivin lessons from a pufferfish namit [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Mrs. Puff|Mrs. Puff]]. He haes a pet [[snail]], [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Gary the Snail|Gary]], who meows lik a cat. Livin twa houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend [[Patrick Star]], a dim-witted yet friendly pink [[starfish]] who lifes unner a rock. Despite his mental setbacks, Patrick still sees himsel as intelligent.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Squidtastic Voyage|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=75a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=October 6, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, Dani Michaeli}}</ref> [[Squidward Tentacles]] is SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-wirker at the Krusty Krab.<ref name=Brown/> Squidward is an arrogant and ill-tempered [[octopus]] who lifes in an Easter Island [[moai]] and dislikes his neighbors (especially SpongeBob) for thair childlike behaviour. He enjoys playin the [[clarinet]] and painting self-portraits, but hates his job as a [[cashier]]. Anither close friend of SpongeBob is [[Sandy Cheeks]], a [[squirrel]]<!-- Do nae put what kynd of squirrel Sandy is wioot a reliable source. --> from Texas.<ref name=Texas>{{cite episode|title=Texas|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=18a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 22, 2000|credits=Writers: [[Sherm Cohen]], [[Vincent Waller]], David Fain}}</ref> She is a scientist and an expert in [[karate]].<ref>{{cite episode|title=Chimps Ahoy|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=70b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 5, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, [[Steven Banks]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=Karate Choppers|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=14b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=December 31, 1999|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[Erik Wiese]], [[Merriwether Williams]]}}</ref> She lifes in an oak tree entrapped in a clear gless dome locked by an airtight, haund-turned seal. When ootside of her dwelling, she wears an [[astronaut]]-lik suit acause she canna breathe underwater.<ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Arthur|title=Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!|year=2008|publisher=Arthur Brown|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-oi8LiETHIC&pg=PA85&dq=Krusty+Krab#v=onepage&q=Krusty%20Krab&f=false}}</ref> [[Mr. Krabs]], a miserly [[crab]] obsessed wi money, is the ainer of the Krusty Krab restaurant and SpongeBob's boss.<ref name=Brown/> Krabs haes a teenage whale dochter named [[Mr. Krabs#Pearl|Pearl]], whom he values equally wi his riches.{{sfn|Beck|2013|page=84}} His rival, [[Plankton (character)|Plankton]], is a smaw green [[copepod]] who ains a law-rank [[fast-food]] restaurant cried the Chum Bucket, locatit across the street from the Krusty Krab.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Komputer Overload|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=6|number=118b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 19, 2009|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], Richard Pursel}}</ref> Plankton spends maist of his time planning to steal the secret recipe for Mr. Krabs's popular Krabby Patty burgers, sae as to gain the upper haund and put the Krusty Krab out of business.<ref name="Hist">{{cite episode|title=Krusty Krab Training Video|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=3|number=50b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 10, 2002|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[C. H. Greenblatt]], [[Kent Osborne]]}}</ref> The majority of Plankton's plans come from his intelligent yet sarcastic computer wife [[Plankton (character)#Karen|Karen]], who is more competent and less conceited than him. When SpongeBob is nae wirkin at the Krusty Krab, he can eften be foond at [[Mrs. Puff]]'s boating schuil (the underwater equivalent o a [[driver's education]] course). SpongeBob is perpetually unable to pass Mrs. Puff's exams, which is why he awmaist ayeweys walks aroond toun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/medien/spongebob-das-kind-im-schwamme/1209130.html|title=SpongeBob: Das Kind im Schwamme|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|publisher=[[Dieter von Holtzbrinck]]|date=December 4, 2008|last=Sichtermann|first=Barbara}}</ref> SpongeBoab Petrick Starn Saundy Erse Squeedward Mister Kruben Purl Kruben Wummin hae daes th boatin schuil ===Setting=== The series predominantly taks place in the [[benthic]] underwater city o Bikini Bottom which, accordin to some [[third-party source]]s, is locatit in the [[Pacific Ocean]] beneath the real-life [[coral reef]] kent as [[Bikini Atoll]].<ref>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=30 October 2013|date=8 March 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="QSR">{{Cite news|url=http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |title=Burger King SpongeBob SquarePants |accessdate=August 19, 2010 |work=QSR Magazone |date=June 7, 2001 |author=QSR Staff |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021075539/http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |archivedate=October 21, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In 2015, Tom Kenny confirmt that the fictitious city wis named efter Bikini Atoll, but deniet an Internet fan theory that connectit the series' characters to actual [[Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll|nuclear testing that occurred in the atoll]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bradley|first=Bill|date=10 Feb 2015|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Answers 7 Big Questions And Debunks 1 Popular Theory|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/07/spongebob-squarepants-theory_n_6627556.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref> The ceetizens live in maistly aquatic-themed buildings and uise "boatmobiles", amalgamations of cars and [[boat]]s, as a mode of transportation. Recurring establishments present in Bikini Bottom include twa competin restaurants, the Krusty Krab an the Chum Bucket; Mrs. Puff's Boating School; and Shady Shoals Rest Home. Goo Lagoon, a popular beach hangout, is within the vicinity of the city, as is Jellyfish Fields. Thare are an aa a few episodes wi businesses sic as the grocery store, joke store, an mattress store. When the crew began production on the pilot, thay war tasked wi designing the stock locations whaur "the show would return to again and again, and in which most of the action would take place, such as the Krusty Krab and SpongeBob's pineapple house".<ref name=PittengerHA>{{cite news | author = Pittenger, Kenny | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the series wis "to keep everything nautical", sae the crew uised a great amount of rope, widden planks, ships' wheels, netting, anchors, boilerplates, an rivets in creautin the show's setting. Bubbles filing up the screen is an aa a nautical technique uised to transition from scene to scene.<ref name=PittengerHA/> The series features "sky flowers" as a main setting material.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Thay first appeared in the pilot and hae syne acome a common featur throughout the series.<ref name=PittengerHA/> When series background designer Kenny Pittenger wis asked what thay war, he answered, "They function as clouds in a way, but since the show takes place underwater, they aren't really clouds".<ref name=PittengerHA/> Syne the series wis influenced by [[tiki]], the background painters hae to uise a lot of pattern.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Pittenger said that the sky flouers war meant to "evoke the look of a flower-print Hawaiian shirt".<ref name=PittengerHA/> ==Development== ===Early inspirations=== [[File:Ocean Institute, aerial shot, cropped.png|thumb|left|Afore creautin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', Stephen Hillenburg taught marine biology to visitors of the [[Ocean Institute]] (locatit in [[Dana Point, California]]).<ref name="Ocean Institute" />]] Series creautor [[Stephen Hillenburg]] first became fascinated wi the ocean as a bairn. An aa at a young age, he began developin his artistic abilities. Houiver, thir twa interests wad nae coincide for a lang time—the idea of drawing fish seemed boring to him. During college, he majored in [[marine biology]] and minored in airt. Efter graduatin in 1984, he jynt the [[Ocean Institute]], an organisation in [[Dana Point, California]], dedicated to educating the public about [[marine science]] and [[maritime history]].<ref name="Ocean Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocean-institute.org/|title=Welcome to the Ocean Institute|work=ocean-institute.org|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Big Pop Fun">{{cite interview |people = [[Thomas F. Wilson|Wilson, Thomas F.]](Interviewer); Hillenburg, Stephen (Interviewee) |date = May 29, 2012 |title = Big Pop Fun #28: Stephen Hillenburg, Artist and Animator–Interview |url = http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2&c_id=4560686 |format = mp3 |medium = Podcast |publisher = [[Nerdist Industries]] |accessdate = December 21, 2013 |archive-date = 2013-12-21 |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6M1QBJ1BZ?url=http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2 |url-status = dead }}</ref> While Hillenburg wis thare, he creatit a precursor to ''SpongeBob SquarePants'': a comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which wis uised by the institute to teach veesitin students about the [[Tide pool#Life in the tide pool|ainimal life of tide pools]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> The comic starred various [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] sea lifeforms, mony of which wad evolve intae ''SpongeBob'' characters.{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}} Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, but none of the companies to which he sent it war interested.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> ===Conception=== [[File:Stephen Hillenburg by Carlos Cazurro.jpg|250px|thumb|left| Stephen Hillenburg, creautor of SpongeBob SquarePants]] During his time o' employment at the Ocean Institute, Hillenburg attended an animation festival and determined that he wanted to pursue a career in that field. He haed already been planning on returning to college for a master's degree in airt. Insteid, he chose to study experimental animation at the [[California Institute of the Arts]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> His thesis film, ''Wormholes'', is about the theory of relativity.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants">{{cite AV media|last1=Hillenburg|first1=Stephen|last2=Murray|first2=Joe|last3=Drymon|first3=Derek|last4=Coleman|first4=Eric|last5=Hecht|first5=Albie|date=2003|title=The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It wis screened at festivals, an at ane of thir, Hillenburg met [[Joe Murray (animator)|Joe Murray]], creautor of the popular [[Nickelodeon]] animated series, ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Murray wis impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a job.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons">{{Harvard citation|Neuwirth|2003|page=50–51}}</ref> Hillenburg jynt the series as a director and later, during the [[List of Rocko's Modern Life episodes#Season 4 (1996)|fowert season]], he teuk on the roles of producer and [[creative director]].{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}}<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="TrainorMurray">{{cite interview|subject=Joe Murray|interviewer=Lisa Kiczuk Trainor|title=Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life|url=http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|work=The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ|access-date=2017-05-31|archive-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150420193919/http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Martin Olson]], ane of the writers for ''Rocko's Modern Life'', read ''The Intertidal Zone'' and encouraged Hillenburg to creaut a television series wi a seemilar concept. At that point, Hillenburg haed nae even considered creautin his ain series. Houiver, he realized that if he ever did, this wad be the best approach.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=10}} He began to faur develop some of the characters from ''The Intertidal Zone'', includin the comic's "announcer", Bob the Sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> He wanted his series to staund out from maist popular cartoons of the time, which he felt war exemplified by [[Buddy comedy|buddy comedies]] sic as ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]''. As a result, Hillenburg decidit to focus on ane main character: the weirdest sea creature that he coud think of. This led him tae the sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> Bob the Sponge resembles an actual sea sponge, an at first Hillenburg continued this design.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name= "Makin' Toons"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}} In determining the new character's personality, Hillenburg drew inspiration from innocent, childlike figures that he enjoyed, sic as [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[Laurel and Hardy]], [[Jerry Lewis]], and [[Pee-wee Herman]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="Banks pg. 30">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=30}}</ref><ref name=cartoonician>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Hogan's Alley|accessdate=August 28, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then considered modelin the character efter a kitchen sponge and realized that this idea wad perfectly match the character's square personality.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/> To vyce the central character of the series, Hillenburg turned to [[Tom Kenny]], whose career in animation haed stairtit alongside Hillenburg's on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Elements of Kenny's ain personality war employed in faur developin the character.<ref name="Excitable">{{cite news|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|newspaper=[[Tampa Bay Times|St Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=November 8, 2008|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Radio2">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=2008-11-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Initially, Hillenburg wanted to uise the name SpongeBoy&nbsp;— the character wad hae haed no last name, an the series wad hae been cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!''{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}}<ref name="Radio"/> Houiver, the Nickelodeon legal department discovered&nbsp;— efter vyce actin haed been completit for the oreeginal seiven-minute pilot episode&nbsp;— that the name "SpongeBoy" wis already in uise for a mop product.<ref name="Radio"/> ''[[Flaming Carrot Comics]]'' creautor [[Bob Burden]] an aa owned the trademark to a character of the same name.<ref name=OralHistory/> In choosing a replacement name, Hillenburg felt that he still haed to uise the wird "Sponge", sae that viewers wad nae mistake the character for a "Cheese Man". He settled on the name "SpongeBob". "SquarePants" wis then chosen as a faimily name efter Kenny saw a picture of the character and remarked, "Boy, look at this sponge in square pants, thinking he can get a job in a fast food place."<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/> Hillenburg loved the phrase upon hearing Kenny say it and felt that it wad reinforce the character's nerdiness.<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/><ref name="Neuwirth 2003, p. 51">{{harvnb|Neuwirth|2003|page=51}}</ref> ===Pitching=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=34em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The execs from Nickelodeon flew out to [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], and we [[pitch (filmmaking)|pitched]] it to them from the [[storyboard]]s. We had squeezy toys, wore Hawaiian shirts and used a boom box to play the [[Tiny Tim (musician)|Tiny Tim]] song ['[[Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight]]'] that comes on in the third act. We really went all out in that pitch because we knew the pilot lived or died by if the execs lauched. When it was over, they walked out of the room to discuss it. We figured they would fly back to New York and we'd hear in a few weeks. We were surprised when they came back in what seemed like minutes and said they wanted to make it". |source=— [[Derek Drymon]]<ref name="DrymonHA"/> }} In 1997, while pitching the cartoon to Nickelodeon executives, Hillenburg donned a Hawaiian sark, brocht alang an "underwater [[Vivarium|terrarium]] with models of the characters", and played Hawaiian music to set the theme. The setup wis describit by Nickelodeon executive [[Eric Coleman (producer)|Eric Coleman]] as "pretty amazing".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> When thay war gien money and twa weeks to write the pilot episode "[[Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Help Wanted]]",<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Derek Drymon]], Stephen Hillenburg, an [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] returned wi what wis describit by Nickelodeon offeecial [[Albie Hecht]] as, "a performance [he] wished [he] had on tape".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> Awtho executive producer Derek Drymon describit the pitch as stressful, he said it went "very well".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Kevin Kay]] and Hecht haed to step ootside acause thay war "exhausted from lauching", which worried the cartoonists.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> In an interview, [[Cyma Zarghami]], the current president of Nickelodeon, said, "their [Nickelodeon executives'] immediate reaction was to see it again, both because they liked it and it was unlike anything they'd ever seen before".<ref name="Huffington"/> Zarghami wis ane of fower executives in the room whan ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' wis screened for the first time.<ref name="Huffington"/> ==Production== ===Executive producers and showrunners=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=24em|style=max-width:40% |quote="It reached a point where I felt I'd contributed a lot and said what I wanted to say. At that point, the show needed new blood, and so I selected Paul [Tibbitt] to produce. I totally trusted him. I always enjoyed the way he captured the SpongeBob character's sense of humor. And as a writer, you have to move on—I'm developing new projects". |source=—[[Stephen Hillenburg]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=Childhood/> }} Series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haes served as the executive producer over the course of the series' entire history, an functioned as the [[showrunner]] from the series' debut in 1999 until 2004. The series went on [[hiatus (television)|hiatus]] in 2002, efter Hillenburg halted production to wirk on a featur film of the series, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''.<ref name=OralHistory>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|date=September 21, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2013|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]|author=Heintjes, Tom|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ance the film wis finalized an the third season finished, Hillenburg resigned as the series' showrunner. Awtho he no langer haes a direct role in the production of the series, he still maintains an advisory role and reviews each episode.<ref name=Huffington>{{cite news|last=Bauder|first=David|title=SpongeBob Turns 10 Valued At $8 Billion|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208163834/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|archivedate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Reaches A Milestone: 10 Years|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|work=Access Hollywood|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030154235/http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the film wis completit, Hillenburg intendit for it tae be the [[series finale]], "so [the show] wouldn't [[jump the shark]]." Houiver, Nickelodeon wanted more episodes,<ref name=OralHistory/> sae Hillenburg appyntit [[Paul Tibbitt]], who previously served on the show as a writer, director, an storyboard artist, to tak over his role as showrunner and produce faur seasons.<ref name=Tibbitt>{{cite web|last=Fletcher|first=Alex|title=Paul Tibbitt ('SpongeBob SquarePants')|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=April 3, 2011|archive-date=2013-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031235346/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hillenburg considered Tibbitt ane of his favorite members of the show's crew,<ref name=Hilleburg1>{{cite video | people=Hillenburg, Stephen|date=2009|title=The First 100 Episodes&nbsp;— Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants|medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> and "totally trusted him".<ref name=Childhood/> Tibbitt still holds the showrunner poseetion, an haes an aa functioned as a supervising producer syne 2005 and an executive producer syne 2008.<ref name="Tibbitt"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Rae|first=Fiona|title=Paul Tibbitt interview|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/television/paul-tibbitt-interview/|work=New Zealand Listener|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=September 26, 2009}}</ref> On December 13, 2014, it wis annoonced that Hillenburg wad return tae the series in an unspecified poseetion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/tv/spongebob-creator-stephen-hillenburg-returning-to-his-show-106935.html|author=Amid Amidi|title='SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg Returning to His Show|work=[[Cartoon Brew]]|date=December 13, 2014|accessdate=December 17, 2014}}</ref> ===Writing=== For ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' a team of five outline and premise writers creates the initial storylines. Writer [[Luke Brookshier]] said, "''SpongeBob'' is written differently than many television shows".<ref name=Producin>{{cite web|title=Interview with Luke Brookshier, SpongeBob SquarePants Storyboard Director|url=http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|publisher=4Mations|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=September 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323112314/http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|archivedate=March 23, 2012}}</ref> Writing for an episode of the series starts wi a twa-page outline. A storyboard director then takes the outline and develops it intae a full episode&nbsp;— jokes and dialogue are added during this stage.<ref name=Producin/><ref name=Williams>{{cite web|title=Writer Appreciation Day 2: Merriwether Williams|url=http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|work=The Round Stable|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=August 15, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622073845/http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anither writer for the series, [[Merriwether Williams]], describit in an interview that she and [[Mr. Lawrence]] wad write a draft for an episode in an afternoon and be done at 4 o'clock.<ref name=Williams/> Hillenburg decidit early on, prior to stairtin the production of the series, that he wanted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' tae be storyboard-driven, rather than [[screenplay|script]]-driven.<ref name=TomHA>{{cite news | author = Heintjes, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> This required an approach in which artists "would take a skeletal story outline and flesh it out with sight gags, dialogue and a structure that would strike a balance between narrative and whimsy".<ref name=TomHA/> Hillenburg oreeginally wanted "a team of young and hungry people" to wirk on the series.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The primary figures, who haed previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', consisted of [[Alan Smart]], Nick Jennings, an Derek Drymon.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Heid writer [[Steven Banks]] said, "The writers come up with an idea and write premises and outlines describing the story, and the storyboarders (who are also writers) write the dialogue while they draw the storyboard panels. Most other shows are script-driven. We don't write scripts and that has made all the difference!"<ref name=StevenB>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Bikini Bottom Confessions|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/bikini-bottom-confessions/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> The writing staff eften uised thair individual life experiences for inspirations to come up wi the storylines of the series' episodes.<ref name=DrymonHA/><ref name=Childhood>{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=The Interview: 'SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2012-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006111645/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For ensaumple, the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", in which SpongeBob and [[Patrick Star|Patrick]] learn [[profanity]],<ref name=Childhood/> wis inspired by [[creative director]] Derek Drymon's experience of getting in trouble as a bairn for uisin [[Fuck|the f-wird]] in front of his mither.<ref name=DrymonHA/> Drymon said, "The scene where Patrick is running to [[Mr. Krabs]] to tattle, with SpongeBob chasing him, is pretty much how it happened in real life".<ref name=DrymonHA/> The end of the episode, in which Mr. Krabs uses even more profanity than SpongeBob and Patrick, wis inspired "by the fact that my [Drymon's] mother has a sailor mouth herself".<ref name=DrymonHA>{{cite news | author = Drymon, Derek | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the episode "The Secret Box" an aa came from ane of Drymon's childhood experiences.<ref name=Childhood/><ref name=WilliamsHA>{{cite news | author = Williams, Merriwether | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Hillenburg explained, "Drymon had a secret box [as a kid] and started telling us about it. We wanted to make fun of him ''and'' use it."<ref name=Childhood/> Awmaist every episode is dividit intae twa 11-minute segments. Hillenburg explained that "[I] never really wanted to deliberately try to write a half-hour show".<ref name=Childhood/> He added, "I wrote the shows to where they felt right".<ref name=Childhood/> Each 11-minute segment takes about five month to produce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/639616200775888896|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/726440072145334273|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> ===Voice actors=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Steve described SpongeBob to me as childlike and naïve. He's not quite an adult, he's not quite a kid. Think a [[Stan Laurel]], [[Jerry Lewis]] kind of child-man. Kind of like a [[Munchkin]] but not quite, kind of like a kid, but not in a [[Charlie Brown]] child's voice on the TV shows". |source=— Tom Kenny<ref name=cartoonician/> }} ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' has nine main cast members wha voice the ten main characters: [[Tom Kenny]] as SpongeBob and Gary, [[Bill Fagerbakke]] as Patrick, [[Rodger Bumpass]] as Squidward, [[Clancy Brown]] as Mr. Krabs, [[Lori Alan]] as Pearl Krabs, [[Carolyn Lawrence]] as Sandy Cheeks, [[Mary Jo Catlett]] as Mrs. Puff, [[Mr. Lawrence]] as Plankton, and [[Jill Talley]] as Karen. Kenny provides the vyces of SpongeBob SquarePants, his pet snail Gary, the French Narrator, Harold SquarePants, Patchy the Pirate, an the Dirty Bubble. Kenny previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' and, whan Hillenburg creatit ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', he approached Kenny to vyce the character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The vyce of SpongeBob wis oreeginally uised by Kenny for a minor background character in ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=Radio /> Kenny says that SpongeBob's heich-pitched lauch wis specifically creatit tae be unique. Thay wanted an annoying lauch in the tradeetion of [[Popeye]] and [[Woody Woodpecker]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|title=SpongeBob's Alter Ego|date=December 30, 2002|publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220220843/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fagerbakke vyces Patrick Star<ref name=Star>{{cite web|last=Crump|first=Steve|title=COLUMN: Do you remember Bill Fagerbakke? He's a star|url=http://magicvalley.com/news/local/article_77dc5ce6-783d-5532-baf1-b09328b232db.html|work=Magic Valley|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 19, 2009}}</ref> and ither miscellaneous characters. At the same time whan Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, an Tim Hill war writing the pilot "Help Wanted", Hillenburg wis an aa conducting auditions to find vyces for the characters.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Fagerbakke auditioned for the role of Patrick efter Kenny haed been cast.<ref name=Fagerbakkevoice>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=Being Patrick Star: Toonzone Interviews Bill Fagerbakke on ''SpongeBob SquarePants''|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Toon Zone|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=November 11, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219000346/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|archivedate=December 19, 2013}}</ref> In an interview, Fagerbakke compared himsel tae the character and said, "It's extremely gratifying".<ref name=FagerbakkeInt>{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Patrick|title="Transformers:Animated"/"Spongebob Squarepants"/"Coach" – Bill Fagerbakke (2008)|url=http://www.thecultureshock.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=802&Itemid=44|work=The Culture Shock|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 14, 2008}}</ref> Fagerbakke modeled his performance whenever Patrick is angry efter that of American actress [[Shelley Winters]].<ref name="Banks, p. 33">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=33}}</ref> Bumpass performs the vyce of Squidward Tentacles and ither miscellaneous characters. Arthur Brown, author of ''Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!'', haes compared Squidward's vyce to that of [[Jack Benny]]'s,<ref name=Brown/> a similarity Bumpass says is maistly unintentional.<ref name=Bumpass>{{cite web|last=Reardon|first=Samantha|title=Rodger Bumpass is Squidward Tentacles|url=http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|work=[[The Signal (college newspaper)|The Signal]]|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 8, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328111302/http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|archivedate=March 28, 2014}}</ref> Hillenburg oreeginally haed Mr. Lawrence in mind for the role of voicing Squidward.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Clancy Brown provides the vyce of [[Mr. Krabs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clancy Brown: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/clancy-brown/credits/144992|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Carolyn Lawrence provides the vyce of [[Sandy Cheeks]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carolyn-lawrence/credits/212823|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Lawrence got the role of Sandy whan she wis in the [[Los Feliz, Los Angeles|Los Feliz]] neighborhood in Los Angeles. She met Donna Grillo, a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting director]], on a sidewalk. Lawrence wis wi a friend who knew Grillo, an she said Lawrence haed an interestin vyce. Grillo brocht in Lawrence to audeetion and she got the pairt of Sandy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence Exclusive Interview|url=http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|work=The Star Scoop|accessdate=June 14, 2013|date=September 17, 2009|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164232/http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REFANB Interview: Carolyn Lawrence, A.K.A. Ashley Graham|url=http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|work=Resident Evil Fan|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2005-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212032724/http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lawrence modeled her performance of Sandy efter that of American actress [[Holly Hunter]].<ref name="Banks, p. 32">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=32}}</ref> Mary Jo Catlett Mr. Lawrence and Jill Talley voice Plankton and Karen. Drymon said, "We knew Doug [Lawrence] from ''Rocko'', where he was a storyboard director and where he also did the voice of [[Filburt]]. We were showing Doug the storyboard, and he started reading back to us in his Tony the Tiger/Gregory Peck voice. It was really funny, and we wound up having SpongeBob use a deep voice when he entered the Krusty Krab for the first time".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Hillenburg loved the vyce and decidit to gie Lawrence the pairt of series villain, Plankton.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Aside from Plankton, Mr. Lawrence an aa vyces recurring characters lik Larry Lobster.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr. Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mr-lawrence/credits/185734|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Jill Talley, the wife o Tom Kenny, voices Karen, Plankton's sarcastic computer wife.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jill Talley: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jill-talley/credits/208596|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> The Flying Dutchman are voiced by Kenny's wife [[Jill Talley]], [[Mary Jo Catlett]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Mary Jo Catlett: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mary-jo-catlett/credits/190527|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[Lori Alan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lori Alan: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lori-alan/credits/216395|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Brian Doyle-Murray]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Brian Doyle-Murray: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/brian-doyle-murray/credits/142746|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> respectively.<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|last=Basile|first=Nancy|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Cast|url=http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|work=Animated TV|publisher=[[About.com]]|accessdate=March 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230115/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|archivedate=April 12, 2013}}</ref> Mr. Krabs' mither, Mama Krabs, who debuted in the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", wis voiced by writer Paul Tibbitt.<ref name="Wiese">{{cite video | people=Wiese, Erik|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Dohrn">{{cite video | people=Dohrn, Walt|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Overtoom">{{cite video | people=Overtoom, Andrew|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> Houiver, vyce actress [[Sirena Irwin]] owerteuk Tibbitt's role as the character reappeared in the fowert-season episode "Enemy In-Law" in 2005.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=September 12, 2006 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Season 4, Vol. 1 | medium=DVD |location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Tom Kenny portrays Patchy the Pirate, the president of the fictional ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' fan club, while series creautor Hillenburg voiced the character of Potty the Parrot.<ref name=S2>{{cite AV media | people= | date=October 19, 2004| title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 2nd Season|medium=DVD|location=United States | publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Efter Hillenburg's departure as showrunner in 2004, Tibbitt wis gien the role in voicing Potty the Parrot.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=April 17, 2007 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Friend or Foe ("[[Friend or Foe (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Friend or Foe]]" credits) | medium=DVD|location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> In addition tae the regular cast, episodes featur guest vyces from mony ranges of professions, includin actors, athletes, authors, musicians, an artists. Recurring guest vyces include: [[Ernest Borgnine]], who voiced Mermaid Man from 1999 until his daith in 2012;<ref>{{cite news|last=Lloyd|first=Robert|title=Ernest Borgnine: From Marty to McHale to Mermaid Man|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/09/entertainment/la-et-st-ernest-borgnine-from-marty-to-mchale-to-mermaid-man-20120709|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 2, 2013|date=July 9, 2012}}</ref> [[Tim Conway]] as the vyce of Barnacle Boy;<ref>{{cite web|title=Tim Conway: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tim-conway/credits/176843|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Marion Ross]] as Grandma SquarePants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marion Ross: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/marion-ross/credits/164469|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Notable guests who hae providit vocal cameo appearances includes [[David Bowie]] as Lord Royal Highness in the television film ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis|Atlantis SquarePantis]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=David Bowie goes out to sea for 'SpongeBob'|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-11-bowie-spongebob_x.htm?csp=27|work=USA Today|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bowie voices SpongeBob character|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6040098.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref> [[John Goodman]] as the vyce of Santa in the episode "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]", [[Johnny Depp]] as the vyce of the surf guru, Jack Kahuna Laguna, in the episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]]",<ref>{{cite web|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|url=http://www.awn.com/news/television/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|publisher=Animation World Network|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=April 1, 2009}}</ref> and [[Victoria Beckham]] as the vyce of Queen Amphitrite in the episode "[[The Clash of Triton]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Devon|title=Victoria Beckham Lends Her Voice to "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=June 17, 2010|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112081319/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Victoria Beckham to star in a new episode of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/victoria-beckham-to-star-in-a-new-episode-228859|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> Voice recording sessions ayeweys include a full cast of actors, which Kenny describes as "getting more unusual".<ref name=KennyHA>{{cite news | author = Kenny, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Kenny said, "That's another thing that's given ''SpongeBob'' its special feel. Everybody's in the same room, doing it old radio-show style. It's how the stuff we like was recorded".<ref name=KennyHA/> Series writer [[Jay Lender]] said, "The recording sessions were always fun ..."<ref name=LenderHA>{{cite news | author = Lender, Jay | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> For the first three seasons, Hillenburg and Drymon sat in on the record studio, an thay directed the actors.<ref name=HammondHA>{{cite news | author = Hammond, Jennie Monica | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the fowert season, [[Andrea Romano]] teuk over the role as the vyce director.<ref name=HammondHA/> Wednesday is recording day, the same schedule followed by the crew syne 1999.<ref name=HammondHA/> Casting supervisor Jennie Monica Hammond said, "I loved Wednesdays".<ref name=HammondHA/> ===Animation=== Approximately 50 fowk wirk thegither in animating and producin an episode of ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=Producin/> Throughout its run, production of the series haes been handled domestically at [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] in [[Burbank, California]], while the finished animation haes been creatit overseas at [[Rough Draft Studios]] in [[Sooth Korea]].<ref name=Childhood/><ref>{{cite web|last=Richmond|first=Ray|title=Special Report: Animation|url=http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 15, 2004|archive-date=2008-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310222309/http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Storyboarding for each episode is done by the crew in California. The storyboards are then uised as templates by the crew in Korea,<ref name=Childhood/> who animate by haund, colour [[cel]]s on computers, an paint backgrounds. Episodes are finished in California, whaur thay are edited and hae music added.<ref name=Producin/> Every season, character designs are updated or modified to solve technical issues in the animation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tibbitt |first=Paul |title=paultibbitt: @gozarfan chars r updated every ... |url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |publisher=Twitter |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=December 9, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LsVIk4v9?url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |archivedate=2013-12-15 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> During the first season, the series uised [[cel animation]].<ref name="Tibbitt" /> A shift wis made the follaein year to [[digital ink and paint]] animation.<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2009, executive producer [[Paul Tibbitt]] said "The first season of ''SpongeBob'' was done the old-fashioned way on cells, and every cell had to be part-painted, left to dry, paint some other colours. It's still a time-consuming aspect of the process now, but the digital way of doing things means it doesn't take long to correct".<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2008, the crew shifted to uisin [[Cintiq|Wacom Cintiqs]] for the drawings insteid of pencils.<ref name=OralHistory/> The [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|fift season]] episode "[[Pest of the West]]" wis the first episode in the series to which the crew applee'd this method.<ref name=OralHistory2>{{cite web|last=Heintjes|first=Tom|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17|publisher=Bull Moose Publishing Corporation|accessdate=September 23, 2013|date=September 21, 2013|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Series background designer Kenny Pittenger said, "The only real difference between the way we draw now and the way we drew then is that we abandoned pencil and paper during the fifth season".<ref name=OralHistory/> The crew began the shift while thay war wirkin on the episode. Pittenger said, "It was while we were working on 'Pest of the West', one of the half-hour specials, that we made the switch ... did you notice?"<ref name=OralHistory/> The shift to Wacom Cintiqs let the designers and animators draw on computer screens and mak immediate changes or undo mistakes. Pittenger said, "Many neo-Luddites—er ... I mean, many of my cohorts—don't like working on them, but I find them useful. There's no substitute for the immediacy of drawing on a piece of paper, of course, but digital nautical nonsense is still pretty fun".<ref name=OralHistory/> Syne 2004, the ''SpongeBob'' crew haes periodically collaborated wi the LA-based animation studio [[Screen Novelties]] to creaut [[stop motion|stop-motion]] sequences for special episodes. The studio produced a brief [[clay animation|claymation]] scene for the climax of the first theatrical film<ref name=Huff2>{{cite news|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants Song Urges Shoppers Not to Be Jerks This Holiday Season|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-hill/spongebob-christmas-album_b_2175828.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=November 23, 2012|first=Jim|last=Hill}}</ref> and wis re-enlisted in 2009 to creaut an exclusive openin for the series' [[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|tenth anniversary special]].<ref name="Production">{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Stop Motion Casts a Spell on SpongeBob|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/stop-motion-casts-a-spell-on-spongebob/|work=[[Animation (magazine)|Animation]]|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 21, 2012}}</ref>{{sfn|Priebe|2011|pages=61–66}} The abominable snaw mollusk, an octopus-lik creature made of clay who acts as the antagonist of the dooble-lenth episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)#ep156|Frozen Face-Off]]," wis an aa animated by the company.<ref name="AWN2012">{{cite web|last=Sarto|first=Dan|title=A Stop-Motion SpongeBob Special Means Christmas Comes Early This Year|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/stop-motion-spongebob-special-means-christmas-comes-early-year|work=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=December 5, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Animation World Network]]'' reportit that "within the ''SpongeBob'' creative team, there was always talk of doing a more involved project together" wi Screen Novelties.<ref name="AWN2012"/> As a result, the group wis asked to creaut an episode animated entirely in stop motion in 2011. This project became "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]”,<ref name=Goodman>{{cite news|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Christmas Special: Stop-Motion 'It's A SpongeBob Christmas' With John Goodman|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/14/spongebob-squarepants-christmas-special_n_1597975.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=December 14, 2012|date=June 14, 2012|first=Jaimie|last=Etkin}}</ref> which reimagined the show's characters as if thay war pairt o a [[Rankin/Bass Productions|Rankin/Bass]] holiday film.<ref name=DD>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Debuts First Full-Length Stop-Motion Special, It's A SpongeBob Christmas!, Dec. 9, At 7:30 p.m. (ET/PT)|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-debuts-first-full-length-stop-motion-special-its-a-spongebob-christmas-dec-9-at-730-pm-etpt-176667241.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 8, 2013|date=October 31, 2012}}</ref> Tom Kenny, who is nae normally involved in the writing process, contreibutit tae the episode's plot; he said in 2012 that he and Nickelodeon "wanted to dae something juist lik thae auld schuil, stop-motion Rankin-Bass holiday specials...which I watched over and over again when I wis a kid growin up in Syracuse."<ref name="Huff2"/> Unconventional materials sic as baking soda, glitter, wid chips and breakfast cereal war uised in mass quantities to creaut the special's sets.<ref name="Production2">{{cite web|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=It's A SpongeBob Stop-Mo Christmas|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/stop-motion/its-a-spongebob-stop-mo-christmas-72872.html|work=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> Members of the Screen Novelties crew received ane win and twa nominations at the [[30th Annie Awards]],<ref name=Annie40>{{cite web |title=40th Annual Annie Awards Winners |url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |work=Annie Award |publisher=[[ASIFA-Hollywood]] |accessdate=April 3, 2014 |year=2013 |author=Staff |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6OY3GYqrs?url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |archivedate=2014-04-03 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> a nomination at the 2013 [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Golden Reel Awards]],<ref name=GRA13a>{{cite web|last=Giardina|first=Carolyn|title=Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/golden-reel-nominees-413536|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 15, 2013|date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> and a nomination at the 2013 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] for animating the episode.<ref>{{cite web|title=TV series Official Selection |url=http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection:c8 |publisher=[[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141556/http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection%3Ac8 |archivedate=April 1, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The team biggit a dowphin puppet named Bubbles, voiced by [[Matt Berry]], for ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|title=Review: Off-The-Wall And Trippy Sequel 'The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out Of Water'|work=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Taylor|first=Drew|date=February 5, 2015|accessdate=April 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603003017/http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sequences involvin Bubbles included a blend of stop motion and traditional animation. A seicont special animated in stop motion, themed aroond Halloween and uisin the same Rankin/Bass-inspired character models, is currently bein produced for [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 11)|season 11]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413154646/http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archivedate=April 13, 2017|title=Nickelodeon Poland Sitemap|work=[[Nickelodeon (Poland)|Nickelodeon Poland]]|publisher=[[Viacom International|Viacom International, Inc.]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BSkU8kLgjOG/?taken-by=kazprapuolenis|title=Kaz Prapuolenis on Instagram|last=Prapuolenis|first=Kaz|author-link=Kaz Prapuolenis|date=April 6, 2017|accessdate=April 13, 2017}}</ref> ===Music=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="[The music haes gone] from maistly [[Sea shanty|sea shanties]] and Hawaiian music à la [[Roy Smeck]] meets [[Pee-wee Herman]]—still the main style for the show—in the early episodes, but it nou includes [[film noir]], ''[[West Side Story]]'' to [[Henry Mancini|[Henry] Mancini]], [[Jerry Goldsmith]] and [[Steven Spielberg|[Steven] Spielberg]]. Thare's Broadway-type scores and plain auld goofy, loopy, weird stuff. I try to push the envelope on this show wioot getting in the wey of the story, and I try to push it up and wey over the top when I can get away wi it, aw the time keepin it as funny and ridiculous as possible." |source=—Music editor Nicolas Carr<ref name=CarrHA>{{cite news | author = Carr, Nicolas | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} The [[theme song]] wis componed by Mark Harrison and Blaise Smith,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/spongebob-squarepants-theme-mt0033331163|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Theme|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=October 30, 2014}}</ref> while the lyrics tae the song war written by series creautor Stephen Hillenburg an the series' oreeginal creative director Derek Drymon. The melody wis inspired by the sea shanty "[[Blow the Man Down]]".<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> An auld [[oil painting]] o a pirate is uised in the openin sequence. It haes been dubbed "Painty the Pirate", and accordin to Tom Kenny, Hillenburg foond it in a thrift shop "years ago".<ref name=Radio/> [[Patrick Pinney]] gies vyce to Painty the Pirate, singing the theme song as the character.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> Hillenburg's lips war imposed onto the painting and muive alang wi the lyrics.<ref name=Radio/> Kenny joked that this is "about as close o a glimpse as maist ''SpongeBob'' fans are ever going to get of Steve Hillenburg", acause of Hillenburg's private naitur.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> A civer of the song by [[Avril Lavigne]] can be foond on the [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie&nbsp;– Music from the Movie and More...|''SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'' soundtrack]].<ref name=Bands>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Avril Lavigne on SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/avril_lavigne_on_spongebob_squarepants.html|publisher=Ultimate-Guitar|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> Anither civer by the [[Violent Femmes]] aired on Nickelodeon as a promotion for the series muivin to [[prime time]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Barker|first=Rayanna|title=A Conversation With Brian Ritchie|url=http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|work=Rock Zone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=June 22, 2001|archive-date=2013-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815213049/http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Steve Belfer, ane of Hillenburg's friends from CalArts, wrote and performed the music that is played over the end credits.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> This theme includes [[ukulele]] music, per Hillenburg's request.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Drymon said, "It's sae lang ago, it's haurd tae be sure, but I remember Hillenburg haein the Belfer music early on, maybe afore the pilot".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The series' [[Music editor (filmmaking)|music editor]] and main composer is Nicolas Carr.<ref name=CarrHA/> Efter wirkin wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', Carr struggled to find a new job in his field. He haed been considering a career chynge whan Hillenburg offered him the job. The first season's score primarily featurt selections from the [[APM Music|Associated Production Music Library]], which Carr haes said includes "lots of great auld corny Hawaiian music and big, full, dramatic orchestral scores."<ref name=CarrHA/> ''Rocko's Modern Life'' an aa uised music from this library. It wis Hillenburg's decision to adopt the approach. The selections for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' hae been describit by Carr as bein "more over-the-top" than those for ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=CarrHA/> Hillenburg an aa felt that it wis important for the series to develop its ain music library, consisting of scores that coud be reused and re-edited throughout the years. He wanted thir scores tae be componed by unknowns, an a group of twal wis assembled. Thay formed "The Sponge Divers Orchestra", which includes Carr and Belfer. This group went on to provide the majority of the music for later seasons, awtho Carr still draws from the Associated Production Music Library, as well as anither library that he foondit himsel&nbsp;— Animation Music Inc.<ref name=CarrHA/> ==Broadcast== ===Tenth anniversary=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Ten years. I never imagined wirkin on the show to this date and this lang...I really figured we might get a season and a cult follaein, and that might be it." |source=Stephen Hillenburg<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=Absorbent And Yellow And Beloved At 10 Is He|url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|accessdate=May 24, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073445/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} Nickelodeon began celebrating the 10t anniversary of the series on Januar 18, 2009 wi a live cast readin of the episode "SpongeBob vs. The Big One". The readin&nbsp;— a first for the series&nbsp;— wis held at [[2009 Sundance Film Festival|that year's Sundance Film Festival]].<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Taps Patrick Creadon and Christine O'Malley to Produce First-Ever SpongeBob... |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869+19-Jan-2009+PRN20090119 |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=January 19, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825100641/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869%2B19-Jan-2009%2BPRN20090119 |archivedate=August 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Goldman|first=Eric|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/943/943426p1.html |title=SpongeBob SquarePants Meets Johnny Depp&nbsp;– TV News at IGN|publisher=Tv.ign.com|date=January 9, 2009 |accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> The episode, which wad nae premiere on TV until Apryle 17, featurt Johnny Depp as a guest starn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|author=Annemarie Moody|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|work=Animation World Network|date=April 1, 2009|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}</ref> Ither celebratory actions taken by the network included the launching o a new website for the series (spongebob.com) an the introduction of new merchandising. A "SpongeBob and water conservation-themed element" wis an aa added to Nickelodeon's [[pro-social]] campaign ''[[The Big Green Help]]''.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> In an interview, [[Tom Kenny]] said, "What I'm maist proud of is that kids still really lik [''SpongeBob SquarePants''] and care about it ... Thay eagerly await new episodes. People who war young children when it stairtit 10 years ago are still watching it and digging it and think it's funny. That's the [[loving cup]] for me".<ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' celebrates 10 years of nautical nonsense|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|publisher=Pop Matters|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717003015/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Three nichts afore the offeecial anniversary date, an oor-lang documentary of the series, ''[[Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', premiered on [[VH1]].<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="UPI 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|title='SpongeBob' documentary on its way|url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/01/19/SpongeBob-documentary-on-its-way/UPI-79001232406610/|publisher=United Press International|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=January 19, 2009}}</ref> Critically acclaimed duo [[Patrick Creadon]] and Christine O'Malley creatit the film as a followup to ''[[I.O.U.S.A.]]'' – a documentary on America's financial situation. Creadon remarked, "Efter spendin twa years examining the financial heal of the United States, Christine and I war ready to tackle something a little more upbeat. Telling the SpongeBob story feels lik the perfect fit."<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> On Friday Julie 17, Nickelodeon merked the offeecial anniversary of the series, wi a 50-oor [[Marathon (television)|television marathon]] titled "The Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend". The marathon began wi a new episode, "[[To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants]]". Saturday saw a countdown of the tap ten episodes as picked by fans, as well as an airing of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. The marathon finished on Sunday, which saw a countdown of episodes as picked by celebrities, as well as the premiere of ten new episodes.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Celebrates 10 Years of Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-celebrates-10-years-of-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-61867637.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=June 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/11311.shtml|title=Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend&nbsp;– Raving Toy Maniac&nbsp;– The Latest News and Pictures from the World of Toys|publisher=Toymania.com |date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Nickelodeon continued celebrating the anniversary throu the rest of the year. An aicht-episode DVD set featurin "To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants" shortly followed the marathon, wi a Julie 21 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants Debuts in July's 100-ep Marathon, Then on DVD|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=April 21, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162005/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="First 100 Episodes article">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=SpongeBob SquarePants – 'First 100 Episodes' 5-Season DVD Set Arrives with New Extras this Autumn|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=April 28, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206075924/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|url-status=dead}}</ref> Next a 2,200 minute, 14-disc DVD set titled ''The First 100 Episodes'' wis released on September 22.<ref name="First 100 Episodes article"/><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— The First 100 Episodes (Seasons 1–5)|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101100209/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shaffer|first=R.L.|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The First 100 Episodes DVD Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/09/21/spongebob-squarepants-the-first-100-episodes-dvd-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 21, 2009}}</ref> Finally, on November 6, an oor-lang television film, titled ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|Truth or Square]]'', debuted on Nickelodeon. The film is narrated by [[Ricky Gervais]] and features [[live action]] cameo appearances by [[Rosario Dawson]], [[Craig Ferguson]], [[Will Ferrell]], [[Tina Fey]], [[LeBron James]], [[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]], [[Triumph the Insult Comic Dog]], and [[Robin Williams]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramid|title=Soaking in Festivities|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/soaking-in-the-festivities/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ricky Gervais, Will Ferrell and Robin Williams pay tribute to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/ricky-gervais-will-ferrell-and-robin-williams-403690|work=Mirror|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maclntyre|first=April|title=SpongeBob SquarePants ''Truth or Square'', Friday Nov. 6|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|work=Monsters and Critics|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073718/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis released as pairt o a five-episode DVD set on November 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— Truth or Square Officially Announced: Package Art, Extras & More!|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=August 11, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133819/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Ratings and run-length achievements=== Within its first month on air, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' owerteuk ''[[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]]'' as the heichest rated Saturday-morning children's series. It held an average national [[Nielsen rating]] of 4.9 amang children aged twa throu eleven, denoting 1.9 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|title=Nicklodeon.(rating of Nickelodeon's cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)|work=[[Multichannel News]]|date=August 23, 1999|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081516/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|title=Number 101|work=[[TV by the Numbers]]|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2015-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329031934/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Twa years later, the series haed firmly established itself as Nickelodeon's seicont heichest rated children's program, efter ''[[Rugrats]]''. It haed gained a significant adult audience by that point – nearly 40 percent of the series' 2.2 million viewers war aged 18 to 34.<ref name="The Stretch">{{cite web|title=THE STRETCH|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|work=Rocky Mountain News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=September 15, 2001|location=Denver, CO|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075355/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> That year, 2001, Nickelodeon teuk the "Saturday-morning ratings crown" for the fowert straucht season.<ref>{{cite web|title=NICK RETAINS SATURDAY CROWN|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|work=Broadcasting &Cable|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=June 18, 2001|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075359/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In response to this weekend-foond success, the studio gae ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' time slots at 6 PM and 8 PM, Monday throu Thursday, to increase exposure of the series.<ref name="The Stretch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|author=Frazier Moore|title=SPONGE SOAKS UP LAUGHS ON TV.(LIVING)|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|date=July 9, 2001|accessdate=April 4, 2015|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163424/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> By the end of that year ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' boasted the heichest ratings for ony children's series, nae anly on Nickelodeon, but on aw of television.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Amy|title=Stephen Hillenburg created the undersea world of SpongeBob.(The Orange County Register)|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|work=[[Knight Ridder]]/[[Tribune News Service]]|date=February 12, 2002|accessdate=June 30, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610060614/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="Stauffer">{{cite web|last=Stauffer|first=Cindy|title=Grown-ups embrace a wacky, square sponge; There's just something about this sweet kids' cartoon that's attracting an adult audience. Local fans can't get enough of SpongeBob|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|work=Lancaster New Era|accessdate=October 31, 2013|date=May 17, 2002|archive-date=2013-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108172353/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="peak of ratings">{{cite web|last=Moore|first=Frazier|title='SpongeBob' rises from sea to peak of ratings: Nickelodeon show top-rated among kids aged 2 to 11|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|work=Charleston Daily Mail|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 21, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081521/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Weekly viewership of the series haed reached aroond fifteen million, at least five million of which war adults.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit"/> In October 2002, anither Nickelodeon series titled ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' ranked as the No. 2 program for children atween 2 and 11 year auld.<ref name=FOP>{{cite web|last=Ryan|first=Suzanne C.|title='ODDPARENTS' IS SOAKING UP POPULARITY OF 'SPONGEBOB'|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=August 14, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081527/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Its ratings at that time war awmaist equal to ''SpongeBob SquarePants''' then-average of 2.2 million viewers per episode.<ref name=FOP/> ''The Fairly OddParents'' even briefly surpassed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', causing the latter series to drop into second place — at this time ''The Fairly OddParents'' had a 6.2 rating and nearly 2.5 million child viewers, while ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' had a 6.0 rating and 2.4 million kids 2–11.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oei|first=Lily|title='Fairly Odd' number puts 'SpongeBob' in second|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|work=Daily Variety|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 28, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081525/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Nickelodeon "recognised" ''The Fairly OddParents'' for its climbing ratings and installed it into a new 8 P.M. time slot, previously occupied by ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=FOP/> In an interview, Cyma Zarghami, then-[[general manager]] and [[executive vice president]] of Nickelodeon, said, "Are we banking on the fact that ''Fairly OddParents'' will be the next ''SpongeBob''? ... We are hoping. But ''SpongeBob'' is sae unique, it's haurd to say if it will ever be repeated".<ref name=FOP/> Houiver, in 2012, it wis reportit that the series' ratings war declining.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sorry, SpongeBob: Disney Channel Knocks Nick From Top Ratings Perch|url=http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612|work=The Wrap|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=2017-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823121926/http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lieberman|first=David|title=Nickelodeon's Ratings Decline Is No "Blip"; Is Viacom Or Nielsen To Blame?|url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/nickelodeons-ratings-decline-is-no-blip-is-viacom-or-nielsen-to-blame/|publisher=Deadline.com|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> The average nummer of viewers aged 2 to 11 watching ''SpongeBob'' at ony gien time dropped 29% in the first quarter from a year earlier, accordin to [[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]].<ref name=MSN/> ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' business writer [[John Jannarone]] suggestit that the age of the series and oversaturation of the series might be contributing tae the decline of the series' ratings, an might an aa be directly responsible for the decline in Nickelodeon's oweraw ratings.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|last=Jannarone|first=John|title=Viacom's SpongeBob Crisis|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303990604577370510139597158.html|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 2, 2012}}</ref> Media analyst Todd Juenger directly attributes the decline in Nickelodeon's ratings tae the availability of streaming video content on services lik [[Netflix]], a provider of [[video on demand|on-demand]] Internet [[streaming media]].<ref name=THRGardner>{{cite news|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|title=Analyst: Nickelodeon Might Be in Danger of Being Dropped by Some TV Distributors|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeon-viacom-336290|work=HollywoodReporter.com|accessdate=December 5, 2013|date=June 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Philippe Dauman]], the president and CEO of [[Viacom]], contradicted the notion, saying he did nae think "the leemitit amount of Nick library content on Netflix ... haes haed a significant impact".<ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO Defends Nickelodeon's Netflix Deal Again|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-philippe-dauman-defends-nickelodeons-netflix-ratings-319904|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> A Nickelodeon spokesman said ''SpongeBob'' is performing consistently well and remains the nummer ane rated animated series in aw of children's television.<ref name=WSJ/> He added, "Thare is nothing that we hae seen that pynts to ''SpongeBob'' as a problem".<ref name=WSJ/> Dauman blamed the drop on "some ratings systemic issues" at Nielsen, citing extensive set-top-box data that "daes in no wey reflect" the Nielsen data.<ref name=THR>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2012}}</ref> Juenger noted that ''SpongeBob'' coud affect the ratings of ither Nickelodeon programming acause children eften chynge channels to find thair favorite programs, then stay tuned intae that network.<ref name=WSJ/> Nickelodeon recently reduced its exposure in television. In the first quarter of 2012, the network cut back on the nummer of episodes it aired by 16% compared wi a year earlier.<ref name=WSJ/> On Apryle 22, 2013, Netflix CEO [[Reed Hastings]] annoonced thair intentions nae to renew thair existin deal wi Viacom.<ref name=NotRenew>{{cite news|last=Wallenstein|first=Andrew|title=Viacom and Netflix to Scale Down SVOD Deal|url=http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/viacom-and-netflix-to-scale-down-svod-deal-1200407086/|newspaper=Variety|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=April 22, 2013}}</ref> Syne then, Viacom's deal wi Netflix expired, an shows sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'' war removed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roettgers|first=Janko|title=Adios, Dora: Netflix is starting to take Viacom shows offline|url=http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|publisher=paidContent|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607183520/http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Juin 4, 2013, Viacom annoonced a multi-year licensing agreement which wad muive its programs, sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'', to [[Amazon.com]], Netflix's tap competitor.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dora, SpongeBob Swap Sides in Fickle Web-Video World|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324423904578525044270830934.html|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Moscariloto|first=Angela|title=Amazon Inks Streaming Deal for Viacom Shows Like Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2419901,00.asp|publisher=PCMag.com|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> Amazon agreed to pey mair nor $200 million to Viacom for the license, its lairgest subscription streaming transaction ever.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barr|first=Alistair|title=Amazon writes biggest streaming video check for Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.denverpost.com/technology/ci_23385278/amazon-writes-biggest-streaming-video-check-dora-spongebob|work=Denver Post|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon swipes SpongeBob from Netflix in most expensive deal yet|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_23385964/amazon-swipes-spongebob-from-netflix-most-expensive-deal|work=Mercury News|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is ane of the langest-running series on Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=December 14, 2009}}</ref> It became the Nickelodeon series wi the maist episodes, during its aicht season, surpassing the 172 episodes of ''Rugrats'' wi 178.<ref>{{cite web|title=5 of the best|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|work=Sunday Tribune|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 15, 2011|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050540/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|ninth season]], a tot of 26 episodes pushed the series over the 200th episode merk, reachin 204 produced episodes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Labrecque|first=Jeff|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' buckles up for ninth season|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2011-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106035133/http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" renewed for ninth season|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 8, 2013|author=Kit, Zorianna|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150606/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Stuart|title='SpongeBob' receives ninth season pickup|url=http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|work=Variety|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 4, 2011|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704070024/http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a statement, Brown Johnson, animation president for Nickelodeon, said, "''SpongeBob'''s success in reachin over 200 episodes is a testament to creautor Stephen Hillenburg's vision, comedic sensibility and his dynamic, lovable characters. The series nou joins the club of contemporary classic [[List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon|Nicktoons]] that hae hit this benchmark, sae we're incredibly proud".<ref name=TVG>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Adam|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2014-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020160127/http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ng|first=Philiana|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-renewed-ninth-67737|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ===Critical reception=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received generally positive reviews from critics, an it haes been noted for its appeal towards different age groups. [[James Poniewozik]] of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] describit the title character as "the anti-[[Bart Simpson]], temperamentally and physically: his head is as squared-off and neat as Bart's is unruly, and he has a personality to match—conscientious, optimistic and blind to the faults in the world and those around him".<ref>{{cite news|last=Poniewozik|first=James|title=Soaking Up Attention|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,187600,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=December 9, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229004630/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C187600%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin to Laura Fries of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'' magazine]], the series is "a thoughtful and inventive cartoon about a hopelessly optimistic and resilient sea sponge ... Devoid of the double entendres rife in today's animated TV shows, this is purely kid's stuff ... However, that's not to say that ''SpongeBob'' is simplistic or even juvenile. It's charming and whimsical, but clever enough to appeal to teens and college-aged kids, as well".<ref>{{cite news|last=Fries|first=Laura|title=Review: 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://variety.com/1999/tv/reviews/spongebob-squarepants-1200458428/|work=Variety|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 14, 1999}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' critic [[Joyce Millman]] said ''SpongeBob'' "is clever without being impenetrable to young viewers and goofy without boring grown-ups to tears. It's the most charming toon on television, and one of the weirdest. And it's also good, clean fun, which makes sense because it is, after all, about a sponge". Millman wrote, "His relentless good cheer would be irritating if he weren't so darned lovable and his world so excellently strange ... Like ''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', SpongeBob joyfully dances on the fine line between childhood and adulthood, guilelessness and camp, the warped and the sweet".<ref>{{cite news|last=Millman|first=Joyce|title=TELEVISION/RADIO; The Gentle World Of a Joyful Sponge|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/arts/television-radio-the-gentle-world-of-a-joyful-sponge.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 8, 2001}}</ref> [[Robert Thompson (media scholar)|Robert Thompson]], a professor of communications and director of the Center for the Study of Popular Television at [[Syracuse University]], told ''The New York Times'', "There is something kind of unique about [SpongeBob]. It seems to be a refreshing breath from the pre-irony era. There's no sense of the elbow-in-rib, tongue-in-cheek aesthetic that so permeates the rest of American culture–including kids' shows like the ''Rugrats''. I think what's subversive about it is it's so incredibly naive–deliberately. Because there's nothing in it that's trying to be hip or cool or anything else, hipness can be grafted onto it".<ref>{{cite news|title=How to Succeed Without Attitude|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/pop/20020722snapmonday.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 21, 2002|author=[[Tom Zeller, Jr.|Zeller, Tom Jr.]]}}</ref> In anither interview wi [[LA Times]], he commentated on the show's adult audience: "[On one hand] It's a kind of time machine that transports parents back to when they watched TV in their footie [pajamas]. On the other hand, it's very hip in the way it's presented. It is very edgy to adults who know how to read and listen between the frames."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Levine|first1=Bettijane|title=Adults Find Their Inner Sponge|url=http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|accessdate=December 6, 2016|work=LA Times|date=April 7, 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030302082942/http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|archivedate=March 2, 2003}}</ref> In a 2007 interview, [[Barack Obama]] named SpongeBob his favorite TV character and admitted that ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is "the show I watch with my daughters".<ref>{{cite web|last=Eng|first=Joyce|title=What's on Obama's Must-See TV List?|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=August 8, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411092515/http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=From Bikini Bottom to pop icon; SpongeBob turns 10|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022103450/http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barack Obama Is A SpongeBob Fan|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|publisher=Media Bistro|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=November 26, 2007|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615100916/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|url-status=dead}}</ref> British Prime Meenister [[Gordon Brown]] haes an aa said he watches the series wi his children.<ref name="Huffington" /> ===Awards and accolades=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received mony awards and nominations; amang thir are twa [[Emmy Award]]s ("Outstanding Special Class Animated Program" in 2010<ref name=DEA10>{{cite web|title=The 37th ANNUAL DAYTIME ENTERTAINMENT EMMY® AWARD NOMINATIONS |url=http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |work=[[Emmy Award]] |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |accessdate=December 5, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073407/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |archivedate=November 12, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> and "Outstanding Sound Editing – Animation" in 2014);<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Creative Arts Emmy® Awards|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|work=Emmy Award|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|accessdate=June 21, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705034232/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2014}}</ref> six [[Annie Award]]s;<ref name=Annie32>{{cite web|title=32nd Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2004) |url=http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 22, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509064634/http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |archivedate=May 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie371>{{cite web|title=37th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html#20 |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032256/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie372>{{cite web|last=Spring|first=Mike|title=Annie Awards Winners Announced|url=http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|publisher=Voice Coaches|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105120532/http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Annie38>{{cite web|title=38th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906082547/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=September 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie401>{{cite web|title=Annie Award Nominations&nbsp;— A Real Race For Once|url=http://thefilmexperience.net/blog/2012/12/4/annie-award-nominations-a-real-race-for-once.html|publisher=TheFilmExperience.net|accessdate=April 13, 2013|date=December 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Annie402>{{cite news|title=40th Annie Award nominees and winners list|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/02/entertainment/la-et-mn-40th-annie-award-nominations-winners-list-20130202|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2007|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2007/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2012|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2012/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Television critics [[Alan Sepinwall]] and [[Matt Zoller Seitz]] included the series in thair 2016 book ''TV'' as the 22nt [[List of television series considered the best|greatest American television series of aw time]], statin that "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is an [[Absurdism|absurdist]] masterpiece that [[Salvador Dalí]] and [[Groucho Marx]] would have watched together in their smoking jackets".<ref>{{cite web|author1=[[Alan Sepinwall]]|author2=[[Matt Zoller Seitz]]|title=Why 'Deadwood' Is a Top-10 TV Show of All Time|url=https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]|publisher=PERFECT PRIVACY, LLC|accessdate=2 September 2016|date=1 September 2016|archive-date=2016-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902021203/https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ashbrook|first1=Tom|title=The Greatest American Television Shows, Ranked|url=http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2016/09/09/the-greatest-american-television-shows-ranked|website=[[WBUR-FM|WBUR]]|publisher=WBUR|accessdate=10 September 2016|date=9 September 2016}}</ref> In 2006, [[IGN]] ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t on its leet, "Top 25 Animated Series of All Time",<ref>{{cite web|title=15. SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|publisher=IGN|accessdate=December 31, 2013|date=September 28, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923030609/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|archivedate=September 23, 2012}}</ref> an in 2013, it ranked the series 12t on its leet, "The Top 25 Animated Series for Adults".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/07/15/top-25-animated-shows-for-adults?page=3|title=The Top 25 Animated Shows for Adults|publisher=IGN|date=July 15, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> Additionally, the website's [[United Kingdom|UK]] division ran a "Top 100 Animated Series" leet, an lik its US counterpart, ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t.<ref name=IGN>{{cite web|url=http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html |title=Nickelodeon: SpongeBob SquarePants |publisher=IGN|date=|accessdate=2012-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620010829/http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html|archivedate=June 20, 2012}}</ref> The series is amang the "All-TIME 100 TV Shows" as chosen by ''Time'' television critic [[James Poniewozik]] in 2007. He said, "It's the most funny, surreal, inventive example of the explosion in creative kids' (and adult) entertainment that Nick, [[Cartoon Network]] and their ilk made possible".<ref name="alltime100">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|title=All-TIME 100 TV shows: SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Time|author=Poniewozik, James|accessdate=2013-05-11|date=August 14, 2007|archive-date=2014-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011204227/http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viewers of the UK television network [[Channel 4]] voted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the 28t "Greatest Cartoon" in a 2004 poll.<!--Awtho no date is directly gien for this poll, I feel that it is fair to caw it a 2004 poll, due tae the "TV Treats 2004" section in the left-haund box. When ane clicks on that, it indicates that the poll wis takkin place aroond Christmas time, which confirms that this haed tae be a year-end poll for 2004.--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520014452/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archivedate=May 20, 2009 |title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – Results |accessdate=2007-12-31 |publisher=[[Channel 4]].com |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – The Show|publisher=Channel 4.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422100525/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|archivedate=April 22, 2009}}</ref> ''[[TV Guide]]'' listed the character of SpongeBob SquarePants at No. 9 for its "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time".<ref>{{cite news|title=TV Guide's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404044955/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-date=April 4, 2005|work=TV Guide|date=July 30, 2002}}</ref> In 2013, the publication ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the aicht "Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/Greatest-Cartoons-TV-Guide-Magazine-1071203.aspx|title=TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time|work=TV Guide|date=September 24, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> In Juin 2010, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' named SpongeBob ane of the "100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years".<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years: Here's our full list!|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list/|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|accessdate=July 7, 2012|author=Adam B. Vary|date=June 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921234113/http://www.ew.com/article/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Legacy=== [[File:Wax Museum Plus (6344827249).jpg|250px|thumb|left|SpongeBob SquarePants wax statue, in [[National Wax Museum Plus]], in [[Dublin]], Ireland]] [[File:Tahrir Square during 8 February 2011.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion trend at the [[Tahrir Square]] ''(pictured)'' and led tae the creation o a [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile".]] In Julie 2009, [[Madame Tussauds]] wax museum in New York launched a wax sculpture of SpongeBob in celebration of the series' 10t anniversary. This made SpongeBob the first animated character to ever receive a statue made entirely out of wax.<ref>{{cite web|last=Snook|first=Raven|title=Yellow fever: SpongeBob figure to debut at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/tony-kids-blog/yellow-fever-spongebob-figure-to-debut-at-madame-tussauds|work=Timeout|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Bret|title=SpongeBob Debuts at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|work=Parent Dish|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 15, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719054354/http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Pendant/><ref>{{cite web|title=MADAME TUSSAUDS IS BONKERS FOR SPONGEBOB|url=http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|work=Mom Trends|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 11, 2009|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728231350/http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Mey 2011, a new species of mushroom, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis describit, named efter the series' title character.<ref name=Desjardin2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Desjardin DE, Peay KB, Bruns TD |title=''Spongiforma squarepantsii'', a new species of gasteroid bolete from Borneo |url=https://archive.org/details/mycologia_september-october-2011_103_5/page/1119 |journal=[[Mycologia]]|doi=10.3852/10-433 |date=May 10, 2011 |pmid=21558499 |volume=103|issue=5|pages=1119–23}}</ref> The character haes an aa acome a trend in Egyp at Cairo's [[Tahrir Square]].<ref name="Egypt Guardian">{{cite news|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|title=How SpongeBob SquarePants became massive in Egypt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/may/27/spongebob-squarepants-egypt-cartoon-fame|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 27, 2013|location=London}}</ref> Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion phenomenon, appearin on various items of merchandise from [[hijab]]s to boxer shorts.<ref name="Egypt Vice">{{cite web|last=Malsin|first=Jared|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants the New Che Guevara?|url=http://www.vice.com/read/spongebob-squarepants-egypts-new-revolutionary-symbol|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Egypt's unusual Tahrir icon: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|work=Al Aribya|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528173047/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|archivedate=May 28, 2013}}</ref> The phenomenon led tae the creation of the [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile". The project wis foondit by American students Andrew Leber and Elisabeth Jaquette and attempts to document every appearance of SpongeBob in Egyp.<ref name="Middle East Prospect">{{cite web|last=Cormack|first=Raphael|title=SpongeBob SquarePants takes over the Middle East|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|work=Prospect|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=March 26, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606164927/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sherief Elkeshta cited the phenomenon in an essay about the incoherent state of politics in Egyp in an independent monthly paper titled ''Midan Masr''. He wrote, "Why isn't he [SpongeBob] at least holding a Molotov cocktail? Or raising a fist?"<ref>{{cite web|title=Brooklyn, Egypt, And SpongeBob|url=http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|work=Midan Masr|accessdate=June 11, 2013|archive-date=2013-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121172006/http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|url-status=dead}}</ref> The phenomenon haes even spread to [[Libya]], whaur a Libyan rebel in SpongeBob dress wis photographed celebrating the revolution.<ref>{{cite web|title=The New Mascot of Egypt: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Tavern Keepers|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615083050/http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awtho ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' hae asserted that the trend haes little to no poleetical significance,<ref name="Egypt Guardian"/><ref name="Egypt Vice"/> "joke" presidential campaigns hae been undertaken for SpongeBob in Egyp and Sirie.<ref name="Egypt Vice"/><ref name="Middle East Prospect"/> A clip wis posted to YouTube in Februar 2013 that features soldiers in the Roushie airmy and navy singing the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' theme song as thay march.<ref name="Russia Metro">{{cite web|title=Russian soldiers march to SpongeBob SquarePants theme song|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/02/19/russian-soldiers-march-to-spongebob-squarepants-theme-song-3503968/|work=Metro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=February 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Russia Telegraph">{{cite news|title=Russian soldiers sing SpongeBob SquarePants theme tune as they march|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=May 23, 2013|location=London|date=February 18, 2013|archive-date=2017-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622143748/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin tae the website that uploaded the video, this is ane of the "most popular marching songs" in the Roushie military.<ref name="Russia Metro"/> The video garnered nearly 50,000 views within its first week.<ref name="Russia Telegraph"/> ===Criticism=== ====Controversies==== In 2005, an online video which showed clips from ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' and ither children's shows set tae the [[Sister Sledge]] song "[[We Are Family (song)|We Are Family]]" to promote [[cultural diversity|diversity]] and [[Toleration|tolerance]] wis attacked by an [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] group in the United States, acause thay saw SpongeBob bein uised to "advocate [[homosexuality]]".<ref name="US right attacks">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4190699.stm | title=US right attacks SpongeBob video | date=January 20, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=accuse>{{Cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2005-01-22-kids-video_x.htm | title=SpongeBob, Muppets and the Sister Sledge writer suffer criticism | date=January 22, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today }}</ref> [[James Dobson]] of [[Focus on the Family]] accused the video of promoting homosexuality, due to it bein sponsored by a pro-tolerance group.<ref name=accuse /> The incident accentuated questions as to whether or nae SpongeBob is gay. Awtho the character haes enjoyed popularity wi gay viewers, series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haed already denied the issue three years earlier, clarifying at the time that he considers the character tae be "somewhat [[Asexuality|asexual]]".<ref name="Camp Cartoon Star">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2313221.stm | title=Camp cartoon star 'is not gay' | date=October 9, 2002 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Efter Dobson's comments, Hillenburg reasserted his poseetion, statin that sexual preference daes nae play a pairt in what thay are "trying to do" wi the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | title=SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator | date=January 28, 2005 | accessdate=August 26, 2009 | first=Stephen M. | last=Silverman | work=[[People (magazine)|People]] | archive-date=2008-03-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320034827/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=22&art_id=vn20050129114540161C803463|title=SpongeBob isn't gay or straight, creator says |date=January 29, 2005|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 9, 2008}}</ref> Tom Kenny and ither production members war distraught that sic an issue haed arisen.<ref name="Radio">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Dobson later stated that his comments war taken out of context, an that his oreeginal complaints war nae wi SpongeBob, the video, or ony of the characters in the video, but rather wi the organisation that sponsored the video, the [[We Are Family Foundation]]. Dobson indicated that the We Are Family Foundation posted pro-gay material on thair website, but later removed it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|title=Dobson clarifies Pro-Gay SpongeBob Video Controversy|last=Chang|first=Pauline J.|date=January 28, 2005|publisher=[[The Christian Post]]|accessdate=June 11, 2007|archive-date=2007-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831200610/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter the controversy, John H. Thomas, the [[United Church of Christ]]'s general meenister and president, said thay wad welcome SpongeBob intae thair ministry. He said "Jesus didn't turn people away. Neither do we".<ref>{{cite web| title=Ministry celebrates SpongeBob: Gay, happy, yellow, orange, whatever, he's welcome | url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | date=February 4, 2005 | author=Till, Francis | work=National Business Review | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627121737/http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | archivedate=June 27, 2007 }}</ref> Jeffery P. Dennis, author of the journal article "Queertoons", argued that SpongeBob and Sandy are nae romantically in luve, while adding that he believed that SpongeBob and Patrick "are paired with arguably erotic intensity".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=June 2003|title=Queertoons|url=http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|journal=Soundscapes|volume=6|accessdate=December 17, 2014|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925124217/http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Martin Goodman of ''[[Animation World Network|Animation World Magazine]]'' describit Dennis' comments regarding SpongeBob and Patrick as "interesting".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|author=Martin Goodman|title=Deconstruction Zone – Part 2|work=[[Animation World Network]]|date=March 10, 2004|accessdate=October 28, 2009|archive-date=2010-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413110918/http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Jeffery's comments were also published by the ''[[Journal of Popular Film & Television]]'' in an article called "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=Fall 2003|title=The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01956050309603674#.VJH0CyvF-Cl|volume=31|issue=3|pages=132–140|accessdate=December 17, 2014|doi=10.1080/01956050309603674|journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television}}</ref> This is the article that is referred to by Goodman.}} Ukrainian website Family Unner the Protection of the Holy Virgin, which haes been describit as a "fringe Catholic" group by ''The Wall Street Journal'', levied criticism against ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' for its alleged "promotion of homosexuality".<ref name="Ukraine">{{cite news|last=Marson|first=James|title=Ukraine's Morality Police Probe 'Gay' SpongeBob|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2012/08/15/gay-spongebob-offends-ukraine-morality-commission/|accessdate=February 2, 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> The group sought to hae the series banned, alang wi several ither popular children's properties. The [[National Expert Commission of Ukraine on the Protection of Public Morality]] teuk up the matter for review in August 2012.<ref name="Ukraine"/> In Apryle 2009, [[Burger King]] released a SpongeBob-themed advertisement featurin a parody of [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]]'s song "[[Baby Got Back]]". The [[Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood]] protested the ad for bein sexist and inappropriately sexual, especially contemplating that SpongeBob's fan base includes young children.<ref>{{cite web|title=CCFC to Nickelodeon: Did You Approve the SpongeBob SquareButt Burger King Commercial?|url=http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|publisher=Common Dreams|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 9, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419205831/http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kelleher|first=Katy|title=SpongeBob Meets Sir Mix-A-Lot In New Burger King Ads|url=http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022518/http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Craig|title=Burger King pushes flat butts and SpongeBob to kids, hires buttheads to do it|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|work=Suntimes|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111003615/http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Douglas">{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Joanna|title=Is the Sir Mix-a-Lot Burger King commercial too much for kids?|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416202924/https://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|archivedate=April 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg">{{cite web|last=Ekberg|first=Aida|title=SpongeBob + Sir Mix-A-Lot + Burger King = Offensive Commercial?|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209042535/http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html?cat=33|archivedate=December 9, 2013}}</ref> In offeecial statements released by Burger King and Nickelodeon, baith companies claimed that the campaign wis aimed at parents.<ref name="Yahoo Douglas"/><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg"/> {{quote box|align=left|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The children who watched the cartoon were operating at half the capacity compared to other children." |source=— Angeline S. Lillard, University of Virginia<ref>{{cite news|last=Rabin|first=Roni Caryn|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants Bad for Children?|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/is-spongebob-squarepants-bad-for-children/|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref>}} A 2011 study conducted at the [[University of Virginia]] and published in the journal ''[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]'' suggestit that allouin preschool-aged audiences to watch the series caused short-term disruptions in mental function and attention span due to frequent shot changes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lillard | first1 = Angeline | last2 = Peterson | first2 = Jennifer | year = 2011 | title = The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/09/08/peds.2010-1919 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 128| issue = 4| pages = 644–649| doi = 10.1542/peds.2010-1919 | pmid=21911349}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rochman|first=Bonnie|title=Study: Fast-Moving Cartoons Like SpongeBob May Impair Kids' Focus|url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|work=Time|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420202450/http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Nickelodeon executive responded in an interview that the series wis nae intendit for an audience of that age and that the study uised "questionable methodology and could not possibly provide the basis for any valid findings that parents could trust".<ref>{{cite news|title=Study: Some cartoons are bad for children's brains|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525053636/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Eryn|title=SpongeBob impairs little kids' thinking, study finds|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/12/news/la-heb-spongebob-squarepants-children-brain-20110912|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> Several episodes of the series hae been subject to controversy as well. In a report titled ''Wolves in Sheep's Claedin'', which documents the increase in potentially violent, profane, an sexual content in children's programming, the [[Parents Television Council]], a [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] media group, claimed the [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|season 2]] ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]" wis an implicit attempt to promote and [[Satire|satirize]] uise of [[profanity]] amang children,<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kristen Fyfe| title = Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: A Content Analysis of Children's Television| publisher = [[Parents Television Council]]| date = March 2, 2006| url = http://www.parentstv.org/ptc/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| accessdate = August 5, 2007| journal = | archive-date = 2007-08-08| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070808140158/http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> while "[[SpongeBob's Last Stand]]" and "[[Selling Out (SpongeBob SquarePants episode)|Selling Out]]" hae been accused of promoting [[environmentalism]] and [[left-wing politics]] due to thair negative portrayal of [[big business]].<ref name="firing">{{cite web|last1=Bond|first1=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|website=Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=1 May 2017|quote=It's not the first time SpongeBob has waded into social commentary, though usually when it does, it bugs the right and supports the left. In episodes dubbed "SpongeBob's Last Stand" and "Selling Out," for example, environmentalism is glorified and large businesses are demonized.}}</ref> "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired]]", a 2013 [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|season 9]] episode, gained hivy controversy and sparked a poleetical debate over its portrayal of [[unemployment]];<ref name="firing"/> efter [[Fox News]] an the ''[[New York Post]]'' commented on the episode, [[Media Matters for America]] accused the twa organisations of uisin the episode to "attack the social safety net".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Weisman|first1=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|website=Chron|accessdate=1 May 2017}}</ref> This statement wis echoed by [[Al Sharpton]], who claimed [[Conservatism|conservatives]]' "new hero" tae be "a sponge who lives in a pineapple under the sea".<ref>{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}</ref> {{clear}} ====Declining quality==== Critics' reviews of early ''SpongeBob'' episodes praised the show for its wit, clever humour, an "uncanny brilliance".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Uncanny Brilliance of "SpongeBob SquarePants"|author=Zeus, Maxie|publisher=Toon Zone|date=January 28, 2005|accessdate=September 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105062259/http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Houiver, in 2007, aroond the airing of [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|season five]], the tone and emphasis of the show began to chynge. Some fans "began to turn away from the show",{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}} causin online [[fansite]]s to "[become] deserted".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name=MSN/> Thay pyntit to a shift from clever humour to what thay perceived as "boring, unfunny humor&nbsp;... geared ower muckle towards children".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name="shscourier">{{cite web |url=http://shscourier.com/10299/arts-and-entertainment/spongebob-sponge-out-of-water-to-sea-or-not-to-see/ |title=SpongeBob Sponge Out Of Water: To "Sea" Or Not To See |last1=Lilly |first1=Ally |date=January 29, 2015 |website= |publisher=''The Susquehannock Courier'' |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Paul Tibbitt]], showrunner from season fower tae the season 9 episode, "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired!]]" haes been the subject of criticism.<ref name="shscourier"/> While ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' wis generally well received by fans of the show, it is an aa considered a turning point in the show's history, as mony fans believe the decline occurred efter the film's release,<ref name=MSN>Berr, Jonathan (May 4, 2012). [http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 Viacom should pull the plug on SpongeBob] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505002658/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 |date=2012-05-05 }}. ''MSN Money''. Retrieved February 3, 2013.</ref> whan Stephen Hillenburg resigned as showrunner and Tibbitt wis appyntit to replace him. Episodes produced syne the movie hae been variously categorized as "kid-pandering attention-waster[s]",<ref name="news.toonzone">{{cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title="Whatever Happened to SpongeBob?": Good Question! |author=Zeus, Maxie |publisher=Toon Zone |date=October 12, 2008 |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |archivedate=December 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} {{Cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2008-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> "tedious",<ref name="dvdverdict">{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Who Bob What Pants?|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=November 13, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017060955/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> "boring" and "dreck",<ref>{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Great Patty Caper|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=March 13, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033808/http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> a "depressing plateau of mediocrity",<ref>{{cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Mina|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: To Love A Patty|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=February 6, 2008|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921113901/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and "lauch-skimpy".<ref name=Mavis>{{cite web|last=Mavis|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— WhoBob WhatPants?|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/35047/spongebob-squarepants-who-bob-what-pants/|publisher=DVD Talk|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=October 13, 2008}}</ref> ==Ither media== ===Home video=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="40%" style="text-align:center;" |+ ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD releases |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding:0 8px;"| Season ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" colspan="3"| [[DVD]] release date |- ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 1]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 2]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 4]] |- | style="width:1%; background:#469E37;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)|1]] | October 28, 2003<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725222026/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|url-status=dead}}</ref> | November 7, 2005 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 1|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308154448/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|archivedate=March 8, 2010}}</ref> |- | style="background:#E3641A;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|2]] | October 19, 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162408/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|url-status=dead}}</ref> | October 23, 2006 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 2|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712083116/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|archivedate=July 12, 2012|accessdate=October 29, 2013}}</ref> |- | style="background:#73B1B7;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 3)|3]] | September 27, 2005<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – 3rd Season Set Package: SpongeBob Is Cookin'!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=August 5, 2005|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022153558/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|url-status=dead}}</ref> | December 3, 2007< | style="padding:0 8px;"| November 8, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 3|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102174142/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#B02B11;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 4)|4]] | September 12, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022172024/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 3, 2008 | rowspan="2"| November 7, 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants''; S4|url=http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|publisher=Sanity|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062840/http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Januar 9, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162422/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#FAF75B;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|5]] | September 4, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022171442/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 16, 2009 | rowspan="2"| December 3, 2009<ref>{{cite wab|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5 (Complete) (DVD) |url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711052336/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|archivedate=July 11, 2012 }}</ref> |- | November 18, 2008<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Are Ya' Ready to Complete the 5th Season? Nick/Par Announces 'S5,V2' at Last!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 28, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220015/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#454683;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6)|6]] | December 8, 2009<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Season 6 and Other Announced Releases|url=http://www.tvguide.com/DVD-News/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1009539.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 9, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107151114/http://www.tvguide.com/dvd-news/spongebob-squarepants-season-1009539.aspx/|archivedate=November 7, 2012}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 29, 2010 | rowspan="2"| December 2, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6: The Complete Collection (3 Disc Set)|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065138/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | December 7, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112083819/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110064401/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#74E387;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)|7]] | December 6, 2011<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Nickelodeon/Paramount Announces a 'Complete 7th Season' 4-DVD Set|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142020/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|url-status=dead}}</ref> | September 17, 2012 | September 12, 2012<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062345/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#934C9C;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)|8]] | Mairch 12, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD news: Announcement for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8 |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |date=May 25, 2007 |accessdate=December 29, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214013249/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | October 28, 2013 | October 30, 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 8, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109021721/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#4DD4E8;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|9]] | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- | ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes#Season 10|10]]<ref name=S10>{{cite web|last=Maxwell|first=Erin|title=Shiver me timbers! A bearded Antonio Banderas gets his sea legs with a pirate makeover for ''SpongeBob SquarePants 2''|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2453291/Antonio-Banderas-gets-pirate-makeover-SpongeBob-SquarePants-2.html|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- |} ===Comic beuks=== In Februar 2011, creautor Hillenburg first annoonced the release of the 32-page bimonthly comic book series, ''[[SpongeBob Comics]]'', based on the show.<ref name=Comics1>{{cite web|title="SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS" COMIC DEBUTS IN FEBRUARY|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 25, 2011|archive-date=2011-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201210954/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Comics2>{{cite web|last=Boom |first=Richard |title=SpongeBob Comics #1 debuts from United Plankton Pictures |url=http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |publisher=[[Broken Frontier]] |accessdate=December 6, 2013 |date=January 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128020705/http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |archivedate=January 28, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The release merked the first time Hillenburg authored his ain beuks. He said, "I'm hoping that fans will enjoy finally having a ''SpongeBob'' comic book from me".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> The comic book series is published by Hillenburg's production company, [[United Plankton Pictures]], and distributed by [[Bongo Comics Group]].<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Awtho the characters of the series haed previously appeared in ''[[Nickelodeon Magazine]]'' an in ''[[List of Tokyopop publications#Cine-Manga|Cine-Manga]]'', the first issue of ''SpongeBob Comics'' merked the first time the characters hae appeared in thair ain comic beuks in the United States.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg describit the stories from the comic beuks as "original and always true to the humor, characters, and universe of the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' series".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Chris Duffy, the umwhile senior editor of ''Nickelodeon Magazine'', serves as managing editor of ''SpongeBob Comics''.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg and Duffy met wi various cartoonists—includin [[James Kochalka]], [[Hilary Barta]], [[Graham Annable]], Gregg Schigiel, an Jacob Chabot—to contribute to each issues.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Retired [[horror comics]] writer and artist [[Stephen R. Bissette]] returned to write a special Halloween issue in 2012, wi [[Tony Millionaire]] and [[Al Jaffee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Bissette Returns To Comics With SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2012/07/18/steve-bissette-returns-to-comics-with-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Bleeding Cool]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=July 18, 2012|author=[[Rich Johnston|Johnston, Rich]]}}</ref> In an interview wi [[Tom Spurgeon]], Bissette said, "I've even broken my retirement to do one work-for-hire gig [for ''SpongeBob Comics''] so I could share everything about that kind of current job".<ref>{{cite web|title=CR Holiday Interview #14 – Steve Bissette|url=http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/cr_holiday_interview_11_steve_bissette/|work=The Comics Reporter|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 3, 2012|author=[[Tom Spurgeon|Spurgeon, Tom]]}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, [[Titan Magazines]] publishes comics based on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' every fower weeks. Thir comics war first published on Februar 3, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Magazine 100th Issue|url=http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|publisher=Titan Magazines|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006050305/http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Titan Magazines teamed-up wi [[Lego]] to release a leemitit edition ''SpongeBob''-themed comic.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=SpongeBob LEGO limited edition magazine launches|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/10992/SpongeBob-Magazine-unites-with-LEGO|publisher=Licensing|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2017-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707123937/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/spongebob-lego-limited-edition-magazine-launches/027694|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Films=== [[Paramount Pictures]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]] produced ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', an animated film [[adaptation]] of the series that wis released on November 19, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-opens-nationwide-on-friday-november-19-75337557.html|title='The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie' Opens Nationwide on Friday, November 19|publisher=PR Newswire|date=November 10, 2004|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> The film wis directed by creautor Stephen Hillenburg, an wis written by lang-time series writers comprising Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, Tim Hill, [[Kent Osborne]], [[Aaron Springer]], and Paul Tibbitt. Hillenburg and Julia Pistor produced the film, while the [[film score]] wis componed by Gregor Narholz.<ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/apm-film-and-television-composer-gregor-narholz-signs-on-to-score-activisions-x-mentm-legends-sequel-54194902.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://investor.activision.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=157576|publisher=Activision|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gregor Narholz Scores X-Men|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/10/gregor-narholz-scores-x-men|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 10, 2005}}</ref> The film is about Plankton's evil plan to steal King Neptune's crown and send it to Shell City. SpongeBob and Patrick must retrieve it and save Mr. Krabs' life from Neptune's raft and thair home, Bikini Bottom, from Plankton's plan. The film features guest appearances by [[Jeffrey Tambor]] as King Neptune, [[Scarlett Johansson]] as the King's dochter Mindy, [[Alec Baldwin]] as Dennis, an [[David Hasselhoff]] as himsel.<ref name="Johansson">{{cite video | people=[[Scarlett Johansson|Johansson, Scarlett]]|date=2005|title= The Absorbing Tale Behind The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It received positive critical reception,<ref name="tomatoes">{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spongebob_squarepants_movie/ | title = The Spongebob Squarepants Movie (2004) | work =[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher = [[Flixster]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | title = SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, The | publisher = [[CBS]] | work = [[Metacritic]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010 | archive-date = 2010-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806001711/http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | url-status = dead }}</ref> and grossed over $140 million warldwide.<ref name=BOM>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spongebob.htm|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)|accessdate=July 20, 2009|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Twa [[television films]] war released. The twa television films are ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis]]'' released in 2007 and ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square]]'' released in 2009. A [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|sequel]] tae the 2004 film wis released in theaters on Februar 6, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Paramount Avoids ''Fifty Shades'' by Moving Up '''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Sequel|url=http://www.thewrap.com/paramount-avoids-fifty-shades-by-moving-up-spongebob-squarepants-sequel/|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=June 7, 2014|date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> The series' main cast members are reprise thair roles,<ref name=WN>{{cite web|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Film Planned for 2014|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/03/04/SpongeBob_SquarePants_Film_Planned_for_2014/#/related_news|publisher=WN.com|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=March 4, 2013}}</ref> an the underwater pairts are [[traditional animation|tradeetionally animated]] in the manner of the series an the live-action pairts uses [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI animation]] wi the SpongeBob characters.<ref>{{cite web|last=Webb|first=Charles|title=Is Paramount Prepping an Animated 'Legend of Korra' Movie?|url=http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|publisher=MTV|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=August 20, 2012|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512062513/http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Tradition>{{cite web|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|title=SpongeBob kicks off new Paramount Ani division|url=http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|publisher=Bill Desowitz|accessdate=March 31, 2013|date=February 29, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022015510/http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film haes a budget seemilar tae the previous film and did nae cost mair nor $100 million to produce.<ref name=Hundred>{{cite news|last=Chozik|first=Amy|title=Return to Big Screen for SpongeBob|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/return-to-big-screen-for-spongebob/|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=March 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goodwin|first=Liam|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants movie will be released in 2014|url=http://filmonic.com/spongebob-squarepants-movie-2014-release-date|publisher=Filmonic.com|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Paramount to Release 'SpongeBob' Movie in 2014|url=http://www.awn.com/news/people/paramount-release-spongebob-movie-2014|publisher=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> On Apryle 30, 2015, Viacom annoonced a third movie wis in development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Viacom/status/593762894103375872|title=Viacom on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> On August 3, 2015, via Twitter, [[Vincent Waller]] confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that [[Paul Tibbitt]] will ance again direct.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/628219039081324544|title=Vincent Waller|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> ===Music=== Collections of oreeginal music featurt in the series hae been released on the albums ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights]]'' (2001), ''[[SpongeBob's Greatest Hits]]'' (2009), and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: The Yellow Album|The Yellow Album]]'' (2005). The first twa charted on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], reachin nummer 171 and 122, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebob-squarepants-original-theme-highlights-mw0000012957/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob's Greatest Hits|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebobs-greatest-hits-mw0000810167/awards|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> Several sangs hae been recorded wi the purpose o a single or album release, an hae nae been featurt on the show. For ensaumple, the song "My Tidy Whities" written by Tom Kenny and [[Andy Paley]] wis released anly for the album ''[[The Best Day Ever]]'' (2006). Kenny's inspiration for the song wis "underwear humor".<ref name=Newsday>{{cite web|last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |title=FAST CHAT TOM KENNY |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05,0,4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |work=Newsday |accessdate=August 2, 2013 |date=November 5, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217024149/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05%2C0%2C4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |archivedate=February 17, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Kenny said, "Underwear humor is always a surefire lauch-getter with kids ... Just seeing a character that odd wearing really prosaic, normal, [[Kmart]], three-to-a-pack underwear is a funny drawing ... We thought it was funny to make a really lush, beautiful love song to his underwear".<ref name=Newsday/> ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie – Music from the Movie and More...]]'', a soundtrack album featurin the score of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', wis released alang wi the featur-lenth film in November 2004. Various artists includin [[the Flaming Lips]],<ref name=TFL1>{{cite web|title=Lips, Shins Kick Back With 'SpongeBob'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/65812/lips-shins-kick-back-with-spongebob|work=Billboard|accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> [[Wilco]],<ref name=WilcoLips>{{cite web|title=Flaming Lips and Wilco Featured on New SpongeBob Soundtrack|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|work=Paste|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 13, 2004|archive-date=2017-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710184925/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ween]],<ref name=MTV/> [[Motörhead]],<ref name=MTV2>{{cite web|last=D'Angelo|first=Joe|title=Flaming Lips, Wilco, 'Commercial Weirdo' Avril Lavigne Head Up 'SpongeBob' LP|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|publisher=MTV|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2011-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025195508/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[the Shins]],<ref name=Wierdo>{{cite web|last=Dufour|first=Matt|title=SpongeBob Soundtrack Boasts Shins, Wilco, And Flaming Lips Songs|url=http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|work=The Fader|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207145020/http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Avril Lavigne]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> contreibutit tae the soundtrack that reached nummer 76 on the US ''Billboard'' 200.<ref>{{cite web|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie: Music From the Movie and More|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-music-from-the-movie-and-more-mw0000674021/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> ===Theme park rides=== [[File:EF-Mall of America.jpg|230px|thumb|right|[[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]] ride at the [[Mall of America]].]] [[SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D]] film and ride opened in various locations, includin [[Six Flags Over Texas]], [[Flamingo Land Resort]], an the [[Shedd Aquarium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Chicago &#124; Plan a Visit &#124; Now Playing in 4-D |publisher=Shedd Aquarium |date= |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5urIgheCb?url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |archivedate=2010-12-09 |df= |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2010-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129122646/http://sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ride features water squirts, real bubbles, an ither sensory enhancements. In 2012, Nickelodeon teamed up again wi SimEx-Iwerks Entertainment and Super 78 to produce SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arrant|first=Chris|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" 4-D Attraction Coming Soon|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-attraction-coming-soon-70391.html|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> The attraction opened in early 2013 at the [[Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration]].<ref name=4DPlot>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob goes 4-D at the aquarium|url=http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|publisher=Mystic River Press|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=May 17, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211231455/http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction wis an aa released at the [[Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando]] in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue|url=http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|work=Eye on Orlando|accessdate=May 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503111622/http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brigante|first=Ricky|title=SpongeBob SquarePants makes a splash at Nick Hotel with new 4D movie, Bikini Bottom Breakfast, and more entertainment|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-makes-a-splash-at-nick-hotel-with-new-4d-movie-bikini-bottom-breakfast-and-more-entertainment/|publisher=Inside the Magic|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roseboom|first=Matt|title=Nick Hotel debuts new SpongeBob 4D movie and Bikini Bottom character breakfast|url=http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|work=Orlando Attractions Magazine|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423114753/http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The seiven-minute film follows SpongeBob, Patrick and Sandy to thair auld hijinks while rescuing the jellyfish of Jellyfish Fields from Plankton's evil clutches.<ref name=4DPlot/> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' appears at the [[Mall of America]]'s Nickelodeon theme park re-branded from the Mall of America's [[Park at MOA]], formerly Camp Snoopy, to [[Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Minneapolis-St. Paul]] suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota]]. The new theme park features a ''SpongeBob''-themed [[Gerstlauer]] Euro-Fighter custom [[roller coaster]], the [[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]], which haes replaced the Mystery Mine Ride and Olde Time Photo store on the wast end of the theme park, which opened Mairch 15, 2008.<ref name=TPI>{{cite web|last=Niles|first=Robert|title=New attraction spotlight: Nickelodeon Universe at Mall of America|url=http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/200803/642/|work=Theme Park Insider|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Jayne|title=Nick characters drop in mall Universe|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|work=USA Today|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 13, 2008|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024025306/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Mey 23, 2015, an interactive 3D show titled "SpongeBob SubPants Adventure" opened in Texas at [[Moody Gardens]]. Accordin to Moody Gardens President and CEO John Zendt, "Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moody Gardens|title=Moody Gardens Announces Launch of New One-of-a-Kind SpongeBob SubPants Interactive Experience|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moody-gardens-announces-launch-of-new-one-of-a-kind-spongebob-subpants-interactive-experience-300043050.html|website=PRNewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=9 March 2015|quote=Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=SpongeBob SquarePants|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook – "There's a new type of SpongeBob experience coming to Moody Gardens on Memorial Day!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/posts/10152666661991366|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob SquarePants|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook - "If you're heading to Texas be sure to check out the SpongeBob SubPants Adventure!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/timeline/story?ut=43&wstart=0&wend=1433141999&hash=-7897235326254608682&pagefilter=3|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> ===Video gemmes=== Numerous [[video game]]s based on the series hae been produced. Some of the early gemmes include ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Legend of the Lost Spatula|Legend of the Lost Spatula]]'' (2001)<ref>{{cite web|last=Antonucci|first=Mike|title=Triple Play Baseball has some annoying errors|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|work=Knight Ridder|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=March 20, 2001|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075840/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web|last=Ray|first=Roblin|title=Learning a lesson; Console games finally tap into educational content|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|work=The Boston Herald|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=December 7, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075829/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> The 2003 video game wis added tae the [[Greatest Hits (PlayStation range)|Greatest Hits]] by [[Sony]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sony Adds 'SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom' to Greatest Hits Collection|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|work=Wireless News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=September 30, 2004|archive-date=2014-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503175626/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The season's best bets for video-game enthusiasts|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|work=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=November 20, 2003|location=San Jose, CA|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075849/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> It an aa served as the ingine basis for [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game)|a video game]] based on ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. [[Heavy Iron Studios]], the game's developers, tweaked the graphics to gie the game a sharper and more imaginative leuk than that of ''Battle for Bikini Bottom''. Thay an aa increased the polygon count, added several racing levels, an incorporated mony of the creatures seen in the film.<ref name=VG>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Movie Update|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/08/25/spongebob-squarepants-the-movie-update|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=August 25, 2004|author=IGN Staff}}</ref> In 2013, Nickelodeon published and distributed ''[[SpongeBob Moves In!]]'', a [[freemium]] [[city-building game]] [[Application software|app]] developed by [[Kung Fu Factory]] for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stecker|first=Erin|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' debuts new app – EXCLUSIVE VIDEO|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=5 June 2013|archive-date=2013-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611120001/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches Building 'SpongeBob' App|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/gaming/nick-launches-city-building-spongebob-app/|work=Animation|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS 'City Building' App|url=http://tv.broadwayworld.com/article/Nickelodeon-Announces-SPONGEBOB-SQUAREPANTS-City-Building-App-20130606|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build Your Very Own Bikini Bottom Through Nickelodeon's Worldwide Release Of Brand-New Mobile Game, SpongeBob Moves In|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/build-your-very-own-bikini-bottom-through-nickelodeons-worldwide-release-of-brand-new-mobile-game-spongebob-moves-in-210383441.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> ===SpongeBob SquareShorts=== Nickelodeon launched the first global ''SpongeBob SquarePants''-themed [[film|short film]] competeetion, SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes, in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Nick Launches 2013 Short Film Contest|url=http://www.awn.com/news/call-entries/nick-launches-2013-short-film-contest|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Animation World Magazine|date=January 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches SpongeBob SquareShorts Contest|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/nick-launches-spongebob-squareshorts-contest/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The contest encourages fans and filmmakers aroond the world to creaut oreeginal short films inspired by SpongeBob for a chance to win a prize and a trip for fower fowk to a screening event in [[Hollywood]]. The contest opened on Mey 6 and ran throu Juin 28, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob Square Shorts Competition&nbsp;– $2,500 + Trip|url=http://www.filmthenext.com/2013/05/spongebob-square-shorts-competition-2500-trip/|publisher=FilmTheNext.com|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Contest>{{cite web|last=Kondolojy|first=Amanda|title=Nickelodeon Announces First-Ever SpongeBob SquarePants Global Film Competition, 'SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes'|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|publisher=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013|archive-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807084326/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Julie 19, 2013, Nickelodeon annoonced the finalists for the competeetion,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=Nickelodeon reveals finalists in SpongeBob Squareshorts film comp|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/11767/Nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-SpongeBob-Squareshorts-film-competition|publisher=Licensing.biz|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=22 July 2013|archive-date=2013-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024040444/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-spongebob-squareshorts-film-comp/026966|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces Finalists For First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts Global Short Film Competition|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/07/19/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-global-short-film-competition-92000/20130719nickelodeon01/|work=The Futon Critic|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Finalists for First-Ever "SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes"|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|work=Toonzone|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013|archive-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218233942/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, on August 13, 2013, the "under 18 years of age" category wis won by David of the United States for his "The Krabby Commercial", while the "Finally Home" short by Nicole of [[South Africa]] won the "18 and over" category.<ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Winners for First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|publisher=Toon Zone|accessdate=December 4, 2013|date=August 13, 2013|archive-date=2015-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227112543/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Merchandise== The popularity of ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' inspired merchandise from T-shirts to posters.<ref name=Star/> It wis reportit that the franchise generated an estimatit $8 billion merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref name=Billion>{{cite web|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=How SpongeBob Became an $8 Billion Franchise|url=http://adage.com/article/media/nickelodeon-s-spongebob-8b-kid-franchise/137866/|work=AdvertisingAge|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> It is an aa the maist distributed property of [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<ref name=MTV>{{cite web |url=http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |title=Nickelodeon Celebrates Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants decade |work=Media News International |first=Rosina |last=Stock |date=June 24, 2009 |accessdate=July 14, 2009 |archive-date=2009-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626060310/http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''SpongeBob'' is viewed in 170 countries speakin 24 leids, an haes an aa acome "a killer merchandising app".<ref>{{cite news|last=Hinckley|first=David|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' gets closer look on VH1 with 10th anniversary documentary on Nickelodeon hit|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-closer-vh1-10th-anniversary-documentary-nickelodeon-hit-article-1.426636|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> The title character and his friends hae been uised as a theme for special editions of well-kent faimily buird gemmes, includin [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Networks' Nickelodeon Kids and Family Group Puts a Digital Spin on Classic Hasbro Games Featuring Dora The Explorer and SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mtv-networks-nickelodeon-kids-and-family-group-puts-a-digital-spin-on-classic-hasbro-games-featuring-dora-the-explorer-and-spongebob-squarepants-58463892.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[The Game of Life|Life]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Onyett|first=Charles|title=The Game of Life -SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/10/the-game-of-life-spongebob-squarepants-edition-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 10, 2008}}</ref> and [[Operation (game)|Operation]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Ward|first=Kate|title=Hasbro lets us operate on SpongeBob. Which TV character would you like to get inside?|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=November 28, 2009|archive-date=2009-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204035456/http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as a ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' edition of [[Ants in the Pants]],<ref>{{cite web|title=ANTS IN THE SQUARE PANTS|url=http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622093031/http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Yahtzee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AHTZEE Jr. SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Card Game|url=http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620001213/http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' signed a marketing deal wi [[Target Corporation]] and Burger King, expanding its merchandising.<ref name="The Stretch"/> The popularity of SpongeBob haes translated well intae sales figures. In 2002, SpongeBob SquarePants dolls sauld at a rate of 75,000 per week, which wis faster than [[Tickle Me Elmo]] dolls war selling at the time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-spongebob.htm|title=Life's good for SpongeBob|last=Strauss|first=Gary|date=May 17, 2002|work=USA Today |accessdate=November 8, 2008|archiveurl=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-sponge-bob.htm|archivedate=May 21, 2013}}</ref> SpongeBob haes gained popularity in Japan, specifically wi Japanese weemen. Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom purposefully targeted marketing at weemen in the kintra. Skeptics initially doubted that SpongeBob coud be popular in Japan, as the character's design is very different from already popular designs for [[Hello Kitty]] and [[Pikachu]].<ref name="SFGate">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/01/24/entertainment/e091755S47.DTL |title=SpongeBob Goes Trendy to Win Japan Fans |last=Kageyama |first=Yuri |date=January 24, 2007 |publisher=''[[The San Francisco Chronicle]]'' |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405192838/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2007%2F01%2F24%2Fentertainment%2Fe091755S47.DTL |archivedate=April 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Ratings and merchandise sales showed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes caught on wi parents and wi college audiences.<ref name=LADN/> In a recent promotion, college-oriented website Music.com gae away 80,000 ''SpongeBob'' T-shirts, fower times mair nor during a seemilar promotion for [[Comedy Central]]'s ''[[South Park]]''.<ref name=LADN>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=March 8, 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Kids' meal tie-ins hae been released in snacks and [[fast food restaurant]]s in mony pairts of the world, includin Burger King in Europe and North America, as well as [[Wendy's]] in North America, an [[Hungry Jack's]] in Australie. A [[McDonald's]] [[Happy Meal]] tie-in wi SpongeBob-themed Happy Meal boxes and toys wis released in Europe and ither international markets in the simmer of 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.megamodo.com/200711368-spongebob-con-lhappy-meal-mcdonalds/&ei=RtliSsjdCceBtgf15oD6Dw&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSpongebob%2Bcon%2Bl%25E2%2580%2599Happy%2BMeal%2BMcDonald%25E2%2580%2599s%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1B2GGFB_enUS223US224 |title=SponbgeBob SquarePants Happy Meal |accessdate= |date= |work=Megamodo}}</ref> In Australie, the advertisement for the McDonald's ''SpongeBob'' Happy Meal won the [[Pester power|Pester Power]] Award acause the ads are entice young children to want its food acause of the free toy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stark|first=Jill|title=Maccas takes out 'pester power' prize|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/maccas-takes-out-pester-power-prize/2007/10/04/1191091281190.html|work=The Age|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 5, 2007|location=Melbourne}}</ref> As a tie-in beverage for the DVD release of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', [[7-Eleven]] released the leemitit edition "Under-the-Sea Pineapple [[Slurpee]]" in Mairch 2004.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meitner|first=Sarah Hale|title=Slurpee Galaxy Expands With Nod To 'Star Wars'|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2005-03-02/news/0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors|work=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 2, 2005|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.orlandosentinel.com%2F2005-03-02%2Fnews%2F0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors&date=2013-05-24|archivedate=2013-05-24|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pirate's Booty]] released leemitit edition ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Pirate's Booty snacks in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Pirates Booty $1 at Target|url=http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|publisher=Totally Target|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 30, 2013|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501235155/http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SplashPants Sweepstakes 5/31/13 1PPD4-14|url=http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|publisher=Sweetis Sweeps|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327205612/http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, heich-end ''SpongeBob''-themed electronics hae been introduced by [[Imation]] Electronics Products unner the Npower brand, includin MP3 players, digital cameras, a DVD player, an a [[flat panel display|flatscreen]] television.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Veneziani|first1=Vince|title=Nickelodeon's NPower Lineup Of Electronics|url=http://techcrunch.com/2007/09/27/nickelodeons-npower-lineup-of-electronics/|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=June 28, 2014|date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> Pictures of SpongeBob SquarePants an aa began to appear on the labels of 8 oz. cans of [[Green Giant]] cut green beans and frozen packages of Green Giant green beans and butter sauce, which featurt free stickers in 2007 as pairt of an initiative to encourage kids to eat thair vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |title=Nickelodeon Expands Healthy Food Initiative with Green Giant |publisher=Promomagazine.com |date=May 31, 2007 |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |archive-date=2010-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230024017/http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Simmons Jewelry Co. released a $75,000 diamond pendant as pairt o a ''SpongeBob'' collection.<ref name=Pendant>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=High Fashion Hits Bikini Bottom|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=''Viacom''|date=January 14, 2009|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024030133/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|url-status=dead}}</ref> In New Zealand, the UK-based Beechdean Group unveiled the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Vanilla Ice Cream character product as pairt o a licence deal wi Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Vanilla Ice Cream|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-vanilla-ice-cream#.UbcBjOcwe5J|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 22, 2013}}</ref> NZ Drinks launched the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' bottled water.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Spring Water|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-spring-water#.UbcBF-cwe5I|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=June 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Build-A-Bear Workshop]] introduced the new ''SpongeBob SqaurePants'' collection in stores and online in North America on Mey 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dedman|first=Christie|title=Build A Bear SpongeBob Square Pants coming May 17|url=http://blog.al.com/bargain-mom/2013/04/build_a_bear_spongebob_square.html|publisher=AL.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Makes a Splash with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130515005084/en/Build-A-Bear-Workshop-Splash-SpongeBob-SquarePants-Collection|publisher=BusinessWire|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear welcomes the SpongeBob gang|url=http://www.retailingtoday.com/article/build-bear-welcomes-spongebob-gang|work=Retailing Today|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> Shoppers can dress thair SpongeBob and Patrick plush in a variety of claedin and accessories. Sandy Cheeks and Gary the Snail are an aa available as pre-stuffed minis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Edel|first=Ray|title=Make a splash with new SpongeBob SquarePants Collection at Build-A-Bear|url=http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|publisher=NorthJersey.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001122705/http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Build-A-Bear Workshop stores nationwide celebrated the arrival of SpongeBob wi a series of special events from Mey 17 throu Mey 19.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mierzejewski|first=Ali|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Meets Bikini Bottom with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://toybook.com/build-a-bear-workshop-meets-bikini-bottom-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection/|publisher=Toy Book|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> On Julie 13, 2013, [[Toyota]], wi Nickelodeon, unveiled a ''SpongeBob''-inspired [[Toyota Highlander]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Burden|first=Melissa|title=Toyota creates one-of-a-kind SpongeBob Highlander|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|work=Detroit News|accessdate=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713100514/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2014 Toyota Highlander wis launched on SpongeBob Day at the [[2013 San Diego Padres season|San Diego's Giants v. Padres game]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Megan|title=Introducing the 2014 SpongeBob SquarePants Toyota Highlander|url=http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|publisher=Automotive.com|accessdate=16 July 2013|date=15 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717194545/http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Busis|first=Hillary|title=SpongeBob Square...Car? Check out the cartoon's new 'concept vehicle' – EXCLUSIVE|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714103855/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brindusescu|first=Gabriel|title=Toyota to Unveil 2014 Highlander SpongeBob Edition [Video]|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/toyota-blog/toyota-to-unveil-2014-highlander-spongebob-edition-video-63013.html|work=Auto Evolution|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013}}</ref> The ''SpongeBob'' Toyota Highlander visited seiven U.S. locations during its release, includin the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando in Florida.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barari|first=Arman|title=SpongeBob-Themed Toyota Highlander by Nickelodeon|url=http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|publisher=Motor Ward|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112340/http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Footnotes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Works cited=== * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Banks|first=Steven|others=Schigiel, Gregg (Illustrator)|title=SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=https://archive.org/details/spongebobexposed0000bank|publisher=Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon| date=September 24, 2004|isbn=978-0-689-86870-2}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Experience: A Deep Dive Into the World of Bikini Bottom|year=2013|publisher=Insight Editions|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPRymAEACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|ref=harv|title=Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies|url=https://archive.org/details/makintoonsinside0000neuw| publisher=Allworth Communications, Inc|last=Neuwirth |first=Allan|isbn=1-58115-269-8|year=2003}} * {{cite book|last=Priebe|first=Kenneth A.|title=The Advanced Art of Stop-Motion Animation|year=2011|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-4354-5704-8|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |ref=harv| last =Lenburg | first =Jeff | title =Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award Winning and Legendary Animators |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinanimate0000lenb| publisher =Hal Leonard | year =2006 | isbn = 1-55783-671-X}} ==External links== * {{Wikiquote-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title|id=0206512}} * {{TV.com show|spongebob-squarepants|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{dmoz|Kids_and_Teens/Entertainment/Animation/Cartoons/SpongeBob_SquarePants|''SpongeBob SquarePants''}} * [http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html ''SpongeBob SquarePants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209054354/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html |date=2012-12-09 }} at the [[Big Cartoon DataBase]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}} [[Category:1990s American televeesion series]] [[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]] [[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:Childer's televeesion series]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] [[Category:Unnerwatter feection]] a4wh6m70j8d9224kzyq92duatmwnnxg 918530 918529 2026-06-20T17:56:55Z Hammill Ten 133182 918530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noscots}} {{Infobox television | show_name = SpongeBob SquarePants | image = SBSP logo.png | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * Comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref> *Slapstick *Surreal humor}} | runtime = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)<br />22 minutes (special episodes anly) | creautor = [[Stephen Hillenburg]] | developer = {{Plainlist| * [[Derek Drymon]] * [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]] * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] }} | creative_director = {{Plainlist| * Derek Drymon <small>(1999–2004)</small> * [[Vincent Waller]] <small>(2005–15)</small> }} | opentheme = "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme", performed by [[Patrick Pinney]] | endtheme = "SpongeBob Closing Theme", written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr | theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon<br />Mark Harrison<br />Stephen Hillenburg<br />Blaise Smith | composer = Steve Belfer<br />Nicolas Carr<br />Sage Guyton<br />Jeremy Wakefield<br />Brad Carow <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[The Blue Hawaiians]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />Eban Schletter <small>(2000–present)</small><br />Barry Anthony <small>(2006–15)</small> | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Kenny]] * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] * [[Rodger Bumpass]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * [[Mary Jo Catlett]] * [[Mr. Lawrence]] * [[Jill Talley]] }} | kintra = United States | leid = Inglis | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | picture_format = {{Plainlist| * [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | audio_format = {{Plainlist| * Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|05|01}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | num_seasons = 13 <!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--> | num_episodes = <onlyinclude>278</onlyinclude> | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Stephen Hillenburg * [[Paul Tibbitt]] <small>(2008–17)</small> * <small>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2006–08)</small> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Donna Castricone <small>(1999–2002)</small> * Helen Kafatic <small>(2002–04)</small> * Anne Michaud <small>(2001)</small> * Dina Buteyn <small>(2005–10)</small> * Jennie Monica Hammond <small>(2010–present)</small> * <small>'''Supervising Producers:'''</small> * Derek Drymon <small>(2002–04)</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2005–15)</small> * Marc Ceccarelli <small>(2015–present)</small> * Vincent Waller <small>(2015–present)</small> }} | list_episodes = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[United Plankton Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Rough Draft Korea (animation service) }} | distributor = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)<br />[[Paramount Television]] | relatit = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' | website = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants }} '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series chronicles the adventures an endeavors o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various friends in the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it mak a [[media franchise]], as well as the heichest rated series tae ever air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distributed property o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--> As of 2024, the media franchise haes generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> Mony of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which Hillenburg creatit in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}</ref> He began developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 upon the cancellation of ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny]], who haed worked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreeginally going tae be named ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'', but thir war baith changed, as the name wis already trademarked. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airing of the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards]]. The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes received warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its seicont season. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in theaters on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series began airing its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth season]], beginnin wi the episode "Whirly Brains". In Mey 2017, the show wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t season. The series haes won a variety of awards, includin six [[Annie Award]]s, aicht [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|Golden Reel Awards]], twa [[Emmy Award]]s, 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]], and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Awards]]. Despite its widespread popularity, the series haes been involved in several public controversies, includin ane centred on speculation over SpongeBob's intendit sexual orientation, an anither focusing on the perceived declining quality of the show's content syne the release of the first film. In 2011, a newly describit species of fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named efter the cartoon's title character. ==Characters== ===Main characters=== The series features an ensemble cast o ten main characters, consistin o SpongeBob an his aquatic friends wha live i the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom.<ref name="dhosford">{{cite web |date=July 22, 2016 |title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Character Guide Refresh |url=https://issuu.com/dhosford/docs/sb_character_guide |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807141336/https://issuu.com/dhosford/docs/sb_character_guide |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |work=Nickelodeon Consumer Products |publisher=[[Viacom International]] |page=3 |quote=The TV show features a colorful cast of ten main characters, headlined by SpongeBob and his best friend Patrick.}}</ref> *SpongeBob SquarePants (voicit bi [[Tom Kenny]]) *Patrick Star (voicit bi [[Bill Fagerbakke]]) *Squidward Tentacles (voicit bi [[Rodger Bumpass]]) *Mr. Krabs (voicit bi [[Clancy Brown]]) *Pearl Krabs (voicit bi [[Lori Alan]]) *Sandy Cheeks (voicit bi [[Carolyn Lawrence]]) *Mrs. Puff (voicit bi [[Mary Jo Catlett]]) *Sheldon J. Plankton (voicit bi [[Mr. Lawrence]]) *Karen Plankton (voicit bi [[Jill Talley]]) *Gary the Snail (voicit bi [[Tom Kenny]]) ===Other characters=== I addition tae the ten main characters, the series periodically features occasional guest stars. Most dooble-lenth episodes of the show are hosted by a [[live action]] pirate named [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Patchy|Patchy]] and his pet parrot [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Potty|Potty]], whose segments are presented in a [[dual narrative]] wi the animated stories.<ref>{{cite news|title=Critic's corner|author=Bianco, Robert|date=March 21, 2003|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|page=12E}}</ref> Ither occasional guest characters appear throughout the series, sic as the muscular lifeguard of Goo Lagoon, [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Larry the Lobster|Larry the Lobster]]; a pirate [[Ghost|specter]] kent as the [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#The Flying Dutchman|Flying Dutchman]]; and retired superheroes [[Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy]], who are idolized by SpongeBob and Patrick. ==Premise== [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|SpongeBob SquarePants]] is an energetic and optimistic [[sponge|sea sponge]] (awtho his appearance more closely resembles a [[sponge (material)|kitchen sponge]]) who lifes in a [[sea pineapple]]. He loves his job as a fry cook at the [[Krusty Krab]] restaurant an takes boat-drivin lessons from a pufferfish namit [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Mrs. Puff|Mrs. Puff]]. He haes a pet [[snail]], [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Gary the Snail|Gary]], who meows lik a cat. Livin twa houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend [[Patrick Star]], a dim-witted yet friendly pink [[starfish]] who lifes unner a rock. Despite his mental setbacks, Patrick still sees himsel as intelligent.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Squidtastic Voyage|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=75a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=October 6, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, Dani Michaeli}}</ref> [[Squidward Tentacles]] is SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-wirker at the Krusty Krab.<ref name=Brown/> Squidward is an arrogant and ill-tempered [[octopus]] who lifes in an Easter Island [[moai]] and dislikes his neighbors (especially SpongeBob) for thair childlike behaviour. He enjoys playin the [[clarinet]] and painting self-portraits, but hates his job as a [[cashier]]. When SpongeBob is nae wirkin at the Krusty Krab, he can eften be foond at [[Mrs. Puff]]'s boating schuil (the underwater equivalent o a [[driver's education]] course). SpongeBob is perpetually unable to pass Mrs. Puff's exams, which is why he awmaist ayeweys walks aroond toun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/medien/spongebob-das-kind-im-schwamme/1209130.html|title=SpongeBob: Das Kind im Schwamme|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|publisher=[[Dieter von Holtzbrinck]]|date=December 4, 2008|last=Sichtermann|first=Barbara}}</ref> Anither close friend of SpongeBob is [[Sandy Cheeks]], a [[squirrel]]<!-- Do nae put what kynd of squirrel Sandy is wioot a reliable source. --> from Texas.<ref name=Texas>{{cite episode|title=Texas|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=18a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 22, 2000|credits=Writers: [[Sherm Cohen]], [[Vincent Waller]], David Fain}}</ref> She is a scientist and an expert in [[karate]].<ref>{{cite episode|title=Chimps Ahoy|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=70b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 5, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, [[Steven Banks]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=Karate Choppers|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=14b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=December 31, 1999|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[Erik Wiese]], [[Merriwether Williams]]}}</ref> She lifes in an oak tree entrapped in a clear gless dome locked by an airtight, haund-turned seal. When ootside of her dwelling, she wears an [[astronaut]]-lik suit acause she canna breathe underwater.<ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Arthur|title=Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!|year=2008|publisher=Arthur Brown|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-oi8LiETHIC&pg=PA85&dq=Krusty+Krab#v=onepage&q=Krusty%20Krab&f=false}}</ref> [[Mr. Krabs]], a miserly [[crab]] obsessed wi money, is the ainer of the Krusty Krab restaurant and SpongeBob's boss.<ref name=Brown/> Krabs haes a teenage whale dochter named [[Mr. Krabs#Pearl|Pearl]], whom he values equally wi his riches.{{sfn|Beck|2013|page=84}} His rival, [[Plankton (character)|Plankton]], is a smaw green [[copepod]] who ains a law-rank [[fast-food]] restaurant cried the Chum Bucket, locatit across the street from the Krusty Krab.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Komputer Overload|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=6|number=118b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 19, 2009|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], Richard Pursel}}</ref> Plankton spends maist of his time planning to steal the secret recipe for Mr. Krabs's popular Krabby Patty burgers, sae as to gain the upper haund and put the Krusty Krab out of business.<ref name="Hist">{{cite episode|title=Krusty Krab Training Video|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=3|number=50b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 10, 2002|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[C. H. Greenblatt]], [[Kent Osborne]]}}</ref> The majority of Plankton's plans come from his intelligent yet sarcastic computer wife [[Plankton (character)#Karen|Karen]], who is more competent and less conceited than him. ===Setting=== The series predominantly taks place in the [[benthic]] underwater city o Bikini Bottom which, accordin to some [[third-party source]]s, is locatit in the [[Pacific Ocean]] beneath the real-life [[coral reef]] kent as [[Bikini Atoll]].<ref>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=30 October 2013|date=8 March 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="QSR">{{Cite news|url=http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |title=Burger King SpongeBob SquarePants |accessdate=August 19, 2010 |work=QSR Magazone |date=June 7, 2001 |author=QSR Staff |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021075539/http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |archivedate=October 21, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In 2015, Tom Kenny confirmt that the fictitious city wis named efter Bikini Atoll, but deniet an Internet fan theory that connectit the series' characters to actual [[Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll|nuclear testing that occurred in the atoll]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bradley|first=Bill|date=10 Feb 2015|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Answers 7 Big Questions And Debunks 1 Popular Theory|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/07/spongebob-squarepants-theory_n_6627556.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref> The ceetizens live in maistly aquatic-themed buildings and uise "boatmobiles", amalgamations of cars and [[boat]]s, as a mode of transportation. Recurring establishments present in Bikini Bottom include twa competin restaurants, the Krusty Krab an the Chum Bucket; Mrs. Puff's Boating School; and Shady Shoals Rest Home. Goo Lagoon, a popular beach hangout, is within the vicinity of the city, as is Jellyfish Fields. Thare are an aa a few episodes wi businesses sic as the grocery store, joke store, an mattress store. When the crew began production on the pilot, thay war tasked wi designing the stock locations whaur "the show would return to again and again, and in which most of the action would take place, such as the Krusty Krab and SpongeBob's pineapple house".<ref name=PittengerHA>{{cite news | author = Pittenger, Kenny | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the series wis "to keep everything nautical", sae the crew uised a great amount of rope, widden planks, ships' wheels, netting, anchors, boilerplates, an rivets in creautin the show's setting. Bubbles filing up the screen is an aa a nautical technique uised to transition from scene to scene.<ref name=PittengerHA/> The series features "sky flowers" as a main setting material.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Thay first appeared in the pilot and hae syne acome a common featur throughout the series.<ref name=PittengerHA/> When series background designer Kenny Pittenger wis asked what thay war, he answered, "They function as clouds in a way, but since the show takes place underwater, they aren't really clouds".<ref name=PittengerHA/> Syne the series wis influenced by [[tiki]], the background painters hae to uise a lot of pattern.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Pittenger said that the sky flouers war meant to "evoke the look of a flower-print Hawaiian shirt".<ref name=PittengerHA/> ==Development== ===Early inspirations=== [[File:Ocean Institute, aerial shot, cropped.png|thumb|left|Afore creautin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', Stephen Hillenburg taught marine biology to visitors of the [[Ocean Institute]] (locatit in [[Dana Point, California]]).<ref name="Ocean Institute" />]] Series creautor [[Stephen Hillenburg]] first became fascinated wi the ocean as a bairn. An aa at a young age, he began developin his artistic abilities. Houiver, thir twa interests wad nae coincide for a lang time—the idea of drawing fish seemed boring to him. During college, he majored in [[marine biology]] and minored in airt. Efter graduatin in 1984, he jynt the [[Ocean Institute]], an organisation in [[Dana Point, California]], dedicated to educating the public about [[marine science]] and [[maritime history]].<ref name="Ocean Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocean-institute.org/|title=Welcome to the Ocean Institute|work=ocean-institute.org|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Big Pop Fun">{{cite interview |people = [[Thomas F. Wilson|Wilson, Thomas F.]](Interviewer); Hillenburg, Stephen (Interviewee) |date = May 29, 2012 |title = Big Pop Fun #28: Stephen Hillenburg, Artist and Animator–Interview |url = http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2&c_id=4560686 |format = mp3 |medium = Podcast |publisher = [[Nerdist Industries]] |accessdate = December 21, 2013 |archive-date = 2013-12-21 |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6M1QBJ1BZ?url=http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2 |url-status = dead }}</ref> While Hillenburg wis thare, he creatit a precursor to ''SpongeBob SquarePants'': a comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which wis uised by the institute to teach veesitin students about the [[Tide pool#Life in the tide pool|ainimal life of tide pools]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> The comic starred various [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] sea lifeforms, mony of which wad evolve intae ''SpongeBob'' characters.{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}} Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, but none of the companies to which he sent it war interested.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> ===Conception=== [[File:Stephen Hillenburg by Carlos Cazurro.jpg|250px|thumb|left| Stephen Hillenburg, creautor of SpongeBob SquarePants]] During his time o' employment at the Ocean Institute, Hillenburg attended an animation festival and determined that he wanted to pursue a career in that field. He haed already been planning on returning to college for a master's degree in airt. Insteid, he chose to study experimental animation at the [[California Institute of the Arts]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> His thesis film, ''Wormholes'', is about the theory of relativity.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants">{{cite AV media|last1=Hillenburg|first1=Stephen|last2=Murray|first2=Joe|last3=Drymon|first3=Derek|last4=Coleman|first4=Eric|last5=Hecht|first5=Albie|date=2003|title=The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It wis screened at festivals, an at ane of thir, Hillenburg met [[Joe Murray (animator)|Joe Murray]], creautor of the popular [[Nickelodeon]] animated series, ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Murray wis impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a job.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons">{{Harvard citation|Neuwirth|2003|page=50–51}}</ref> Hillenburg jynt the series as a director and later, during the [[List of Rocko's Modern Life episodes#Season 4 (1996)|fowert season]], he teuk on the roles of producer and [[creative director]].{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}}<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="TrainorMurray">{{cite interview|subject=Joe Murray|interviewer=Lisa Kiczuk Trainor|title=Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life|url=http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|work=The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ|access-date=2017-05-31|archive-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150420193919/http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Martin Olson]], ane of the writers for ''Rocko's Modern Life'', read ''The Intertidal Zone'' and encouraged Hillenburg to creaut a television series wi a seemilar concept. At that point, Hillenburg haed nae even considered creautin his ain series. Houiver, he realized that if he ever did, this wad be the best approach.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=10}} He began to faur develop some of the characters from ''The Intertidal Zone'', includin the comic's "announcer", Bob the Sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> He wanted his series to staund out from maist popular cartoons of the time, which he felt war exemplified by [[Buddy comedy|buddy comedies]] sic as ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]''. As a result, Hillenburg decidit to focus on ane main character: the weirdest sea creature that he coud think of. This led him tae the sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> Bob the Sponge resembles an actual sea sponge, an at first Hillenburg continued this design.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name= "Makin' Toons"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}} In determining the new character's personality, Hillenburg drew inspiration from innocent, childlike figures that he enjoyed, sic as [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[Laurel and Hardy]], [[Jerry Lewis]], and [[Pee-wee Herman]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="Banks pg. 30">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=30}}</ref><ref name=cartoonician>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Hogan's Alley|accessdate=August 28, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then considered modelin the character efter a kitchen sponge and realized that this idea wad perfectly match the character's square personality.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/> To vyce the central character of the series, Hillenburg turned to [[Tom Kenny]], whose career in animation haed stairtit alongside Hillenburg's on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Elements of Kenny's ain personality war employed in faur developin the character.<ref name="Excitable">{{cite news|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|newspaper=[[Tampa Bay Times|St Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=November 8, 2008|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Radio2">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=2008-11-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Initially, Hillenburg wanted to uise the name SpongeBoy&nbsp;— the character wad hae haed no last name, an the series wad hae been cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!''{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}}<ref name="Radio"/> Houiver, the Nickelodeon legal department discovered&nbsp;— efter vyce actin haed been completit for the oreeginal seiven-minute pilot episode&nbsp;— that the name "SpongeBoy" wis already in uise for a mop product.<ref name="Radio"/> ''[[Flaming Carrot Comics]]'' creautor [[Bob Burden]] an aa owned the trademark to a character of the same name.<ref name=OralHistory/> In choosing a replacement name, Hillenburg felt that he still haed to uise the wird "Sponge", sae that viewers wad nae mistake the character for a "Cheese Man". He settled on the name "SpongeBob". "SquarePants" wis then chosen as a faimily name efter Kenny saw a picture of the character and remarked, "Boy, look at this sponge in square pants, thinking he can get a job in a fast food place."<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/> Hillenburg loved the phrase upon hearing Kenny say it and felt that it wad reinforce the character's nerdiness.<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/><ref name="Neuwirth 2003, p. 51">{{harvnb|Neuwirth|2003|page=51}}</ref> ===Pitching=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=34em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The execs from Nickelodeon flew out to [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], and we [[pitch (filmmaking)|pitched]] it to them from the [[storyboard]]s. We had squeezy toys, wore Hawaiian shirts and used a boom box to play the [[Tiny Tim (musician)|Tiny Tim]] song ['[[Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight]]'] that comes on in the third act. We really went all out in that pitch because we knew the pilot lived or died by if the execs lauched. When it was over, they walked out of the room to discuss it. We figured they would fly back to New York and we'd hear in a few weeks. We were surprised when they came back in what seemed like minutes and said they wanted to make it". |source=— [[Derek Drymon]]<ref name="DrymonHA"/> }} In 1997, while pitching the cartoon to Nickelodeon executives, Hillenburg donned a Hawaiian sark, brocht alang an "underwater [[Vivarium|terrarium]] with models of the characters", and played Hawaiian music to set the theme. The setup wis describit by Nickelodeon executive [[Eric Coleman (producer)|Eric Coleman]] as "pretty amazing".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> When thay war gien money and twa weeks to write the pilot episode "[[Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Help Wanted]]",<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Derek Drymon]], Stephen Hillenburg, an [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] returned wi what wis describit by Nickelodeon offeecial [[Albie Hecht]] as, "a performance [he] wished [he] had on tape".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> Awtho executive producer Derek Drymon describit the pitch as stressful, he said it went "very well".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Kevin Kay]] and Hecht haed to step ootside acause thay war "exhausted from lauching", which worried the cartoonists.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> In an interview, [[Cyma Zarghami]], the current president of Nickelodeon, said, "their [Nickelodeon executives'] immediate reaction was to see it again, both because they liked it and it was unlike anything they'd ever seen before".<ref name="Huffington"/> Zarghami wis ane of fower executives in the room whan ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' wis screened for the first time.<ref name="Huffington"/> ==Production== ===Executive producers and showrunners=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=24em|style=max-width:40% |quote="It reached a point where I felt I'd contributed a lot and said what I wanted to say. At that point, the show needed new blood, and so I selected Paul [Tibbitt] to produce. I totally trusted him. I always enjoyed the way he captured the SpongeBob character's sense of humor. And as a writer, you have to move on—I'm developing new projects". |source=—[[Stephen Hillenburg]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=Childhood/> }} Series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haes served as the executive producer over the course of the series' entire history, an functioned as the [[showrunner]] from the series' debut in 1999 until 2004. The series went on [[hiatus (television)|hiatus]] in 2002, efter Hillenburg halted production to wirk on a featur film of the series, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''.<ref name=OralHistory>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|date=September 21, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2013|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]|author=Heintjes, Tom|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ance the film wis finalized an the third season finished, Hillenburg resigned as the series' showrunner. Awtho he no langer haes a direct role in the production of the series, he still maintains an advisory role and reviews each episode.<ref name=Huffington>{{cite news|last=Bauder|first=David|title=SpongeBob Turns 10 Valued At $8 Billion|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208163834/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|archivedate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Reaches A Milestone: 10 Years|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|work=Access Hollywood|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030154235/http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the film wis completit, Hillenburg intendit for it tae be the [[series finale]], "so [the show] wouldn't [[jump the shark]]." Houiver, Nickelodeon wanted more episodes,<ref name=OralHistory/> sae Hillenburg appyntit [[Paul Tibbitt]], who previously served on the show as a writer, director, an storyboard artist, to tak over his role as showrunner and produce faur seasons.<ref name=Tibbitt>{{cite web|last=Fletcher|first=Alex|title=Paul Tibbitt ('SpongeBob SquarePants')|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=April 3, 2011|archive-date=2013-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031235346/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hillenburg considered Tibbitt ane of his favorite members of the show's crew,<ref name=Hilleburg1>{{cite video | people=Hillenburg, Stephen|date=2009|title=The First 100 Episodes&nbsp;— Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants|medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> and "totally trusted him".<ref name=Childhood/> Tibbitt still holds the showrunner poseetion, an haes an aa functioned as a supervising producer syne 2005 and an executive producer syne 2008.<ref name="Tibbitt"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Rae|first=Fiona|title=Paul Tibbitt interview|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/television/paul-tibbitt-interview/|work=New Zealand Listener|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=September 26, 2009}}</ref> On December 13, 2014, it wis annoonced that Hillenburg wad return tae the series in an unspecified poseetion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/tv/spongebob-creator-stephen-hillenburg-returning-to-his-show-106935.html|author=Amid Amidi|title='SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg Returning to His Show|work=[[Cartoon Brew]]|date=December 13, 2014|accessdate=December 17, 2014}}</ref> ===Writing=== For ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' a team of five outline and premise writers creates the initial storylines. Writer [[Luke Brookshier]] said, "''SpongeBob'' is written differently than many television shows".<ref name=Producin>{{cite web|title=Interview with Luke Brookshier, SpongeBob SquarePants Storyboard Director|url=http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|publisher=4Mations|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=September 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323112314/http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|archivedate=March 23, 2012}}</ref> Writing for an episode of the series starts wi a twa-page outline. A storyboard director then takes the outline and develops it intae a full episode&nbsp;— jokes and dialogue are added during this stage.<ref name=Producin/><ref name=Williams>{{cite web|title=Writer Appreciation Day 2: Merriwether Williams|url=http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|work=The Round Stable|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=August 15, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622073845/http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anither writer for the series, [[Merriwether Williams]], describit in an interview that she and [[Mr. Lawrence]] wad write a draft for an episode in an afternoon and be done at 4 o'clock.<ref name=Williams/> Hillenburg decidit early on, prior to stairtin the production of the series, that he wanted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' tae be storyboard-driven, rather than [[screenplay|script]]-driven.<ref name=TomHA>{{cite news | author = Heintjes, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> This required an approach in which artists "would take a skeletal story outline and flesh it out with sight gags, dialogue and a structure that would strike a balance between narrative and whimsy".<ref name=TomHA/> Hillenburg oreeginally wanted "a team of young and hungry people" to wirk on the series.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The primary figures, who haed previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', consisted of [[Alan Smart]], Nick Jennings, an Derek Drymon.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Heid writer [[Steven Banks]] said, "The writers come up with an idea and write premises and outlines describing the story, and the storyboarders (who are also writers) write the dialogue while they draw the storyboard panels. Most other shows are script-driven. We don't write scripts and that has made all the difference!"<ref name=StevenB>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Bikini Bottom Confessions|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/bikini-bottom-confessions/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> The writing staff eften uised thair individual life experiences for inspirations to come up wi the storylines of the series' episodes.<ref name=DrymonHA/><ref name=Childhood>{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=The Interview: 'SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2012-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006111645/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For ensaumple, the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", in which SpongeBob and [[Patrick Star|Patrick]] learn [[profanity]],<ref name=Childhood/> wis inspired by [[creative director]] Derek Drymon's experience of getting in trouble as a bairn for uisin [[Fuck|the f-wird]] in front of his mither.<ref name=DrymonHA/> Drymon said, "The scene where Patrick is running to [[Mr. Krabs]] to tattle, with SpongeBob chasing him, is pretty much how it happened in real life".<ref name=DrymonHA/> The end of the episode, in which Mr. Krabs uses even more profanity than SpongeBob and Patrick, wis inspired "by the fact that my [Drymon's] mother has a sailor mouth herself".<ref name=DrymonHA>{{cite news | author = Drymon, Derek | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the episode "The Secret Box" an aa came from ane of Drymon's childhood experiences.<ref name=Childhood/><ref name=WilliamsHA>{{cite news | author = Williams, Merriwether | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Hillenburg explained, "Drymon had a secret box [as a kid] and started telling us about it. We wanted to make fun of him ''and'' use it."<ref name=Childhood/> Awmaist every episode is dividit intae twa 11-minute segments. Hillenburg explained that "[I] never really wanted to deliberately try to write a half-hour show".<ref name=Childhood/> He added, "I wrote the shows to where they felt right".<ref name=Childhood/> Each 11-minute segment takes about five month to produce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/639616200775888896|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/726440072145334273|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> ===Voice actors=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Steve described SpongeBob to me as childlike and naïve. He's not quite an adult, he's not quite a kid. Think a [[Stan Laurel]], [[Jerry Lewis]] kind of child-man. Kind of like a [[Munchkin]] but not quite, kind of like a kid, but not in a [[Charlie Brown]] child's voice on the TV shows". |source=— Tom Kenny<ref name=cartoonician/> }} ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' has nine main cast members wha voice the ten main characters: [[Tom Kenny]] as SpongeBob and Gary, [[Bill Fagerbakke]] as Patrick, [[Rodger Bumpass]] as Squidward, [[Clancy Brown]] as Mr. Krabs, [[Lori Alan]] as Pearl Krabs, [[Carolyn Lawrence]] as Sandy Cheeks, [[Mary Jo Catlett]] as Mrs. Puff, [[Mr. Lawrence]] as Plankton, and [[Jill Talley]] as Karen.<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|last=Basile|first=Nancy|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Cast|url=http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|work=Animated TV|publisher=[[About.com]]|accessdate=March 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230115/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|archivedate=April 12, 2013}}</ref> Kenny provides the vyces of SpongeBob SquarePants, his pet snail Gary, the French Narrator, Harold SquarePants, Patchy the Pirate, an the Dirty Bubble. Kenny previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' and, whan Hillenburg creatit ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', he approached Kenny to vyce the character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The vyce of SpongeBob wis oreeginally uised by Kenny for a minor background character in ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=Radio /> Kenny says that SpongeBob's heich-pitched lauch wis specifically creatit tae be unique. Thay wanted an annoying lauch in the tradeetion of [[Popeye]] and [[Woody Woodpecker]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|title=SpongeBob's Alter Ego|date=December 30, 2002|publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220220843/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fagerbakke vyces Patrick Star<ref name=Star>{{cite web|last=Crump|first=Steve|title=COLUMN: Do you remember Bill Fagerbakke? He's a star|url=http://magicvalley.com/news/local/article_77dc5ce6-783d-5532-baf1-b09328b232db.html|work=Magic Valley|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 19, 2009}}</ref> and ither miscellaneous characters. At the same time whan Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, an Tim Hill war writing the pilot "Help Wanted", Hillenburg wis an aa conducting auditions to find vyces for the characters.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Fagerbakke auditioned for the role of Patrick efter Kenny haed been cast.<ref name=Fagerbakkevoice>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=Being Patrick Star: Toonzone Interviews Bill Fagerbakke on ''SpongeBob SquarePants''|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Toon Zone|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=November 11, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219000346/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|archivedate=December 19, 2013}}</ref> In an interview, Fagerbakke compared himsel tae the character and said, "It's extremely gratifying".<ref name=FagerbakkeInt>{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Patrick|title="Transformers:Animated"/"Spongebob Squarepants"/"Coach" – Bill Fagerbakke (2008)|url=http://www.thecultureshock.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=802&Itemid=44|work=The Culture Shock|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 14, 2008}}</ref> Fagerbakke modeled his performance whenever Patrick is angry efter that of American actress [[Shelley Winters]].<ref name="Banks, p. 33">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=33}}</ref> Bumpass performs the vyce of Squidward Tentacles and ither miscellaneous characters. Arthur Brown, author of ''Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!'', haes compared Squidward's vyce to that of [[Jack Benny]]'s,<ref name=Brown/> a similarity Bumpass says is maistly unintentional.<ref name=Bumpass>{{cite web|last=Reardon|first=Samantha|title=Rodger Bumpass is Squidward Tentacles|url=http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|work=[[The Signal (college newspaper)|The Signal]]|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 8, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328111302/http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|archivedate=March 28, 2014}}</ref> Hillenburg oreeginally haed Mr. Lawrence in mind for the role of voicing Squidward.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Clancy Brown provides the vyce of [[Mr. Krabs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clancy Brown: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/clancy-brown/credits/144992|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Lori Alan provides the vyce of [[Pearl Krabs]], Mr. Krabs' dauchter wha is a whale. Carolyn Lawrence provides the vyce of [[Sandy Cheeks]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carolyn-lawrence/credits/212823|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Lawrence got the role of Sandy whan she wis in the [[Los Feliz, Los Angeles|Los Feliz]] neighborhood in Los Angeles. She met Donna Grillo, a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting director]], on a sidewalk. Lawrence wis wi a friend who knew Grillo, an she said Lawrence haed an interestin vyce. Grillo brocht in Lawrence to audeetion and she got the pairt of Sandy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence Exclusive Interview|url=http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|work=The Star Scoop|accessdate=June 14, 2013|date=September 17, 2009|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164232/http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REFANB Interview: Carolyn Lawrence, A.K.A. Ashley Graham|url=http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|work=Resident Evil Fan|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2005-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212032724/http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lawrence modeled her performance of Sandy efter that of American actress [[Holly Hunter]].<ref name="Banks, p. 32">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=32}}</ref> Mary Jo Catlett provides the vyce of Mrs. Puff. Mr. Lawrence and Jill Talley voice Plankton and Karen. Drymon said, "We knew Doug [Lawrence] from ''Rocko'', where he was a storyboard director and where he also did the voice of [[Filburt]]. We were showing Doug the storyboard, and he started reading back to us in his Tony the Tiger/Gregory Peck voice. It was really funny, and we wound up having SpongeBob use a deep voice when he entered the Krusty Krab for the first time".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Hillenburg loved the vyce and decidit to gie Lawrence the pairt of Plankton.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Aside from Plankton, Mr. Lawrence an aa vyces recurring characters lik Larry Lobster.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr. Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mr-lawrence/credits/185734|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Jill Talley, the wife o Tom Kenny, voices Karen, Plankton's sarcastic computer wife.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jill Talley: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jill-talley/credits/208596|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> The Flying Dutchman is voiced by [[Brian Doyle-Murray]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Brian Doyle-Murray: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/brian-doyle-murray/credits/142746|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Mr. Krabs' mither, Mama Krabs, who debuted in the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", wis voiced by writer Paul Tibbitt.<ref name="Wiese">{{cite video | people=Wiese, Erik|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Dohrn">{{cite video | people=Dohrn, Walt|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Overtoom">{{cite video | people=Overtoom, Andrew|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> Houiver, vyce actress [[Sirena Irwin]] owerteuk Tibbitt's role as the character reappeared in the fowert-season episode "Enemy In-Law" in 2005.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=September 12, 2006 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Season 4, Vol. 1 | medium=DVD |location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Tom Kenny portrays Patchy the Pirate, the president of the fictional ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' fan club, while series creautor Hillenburg voiced the character of Potty the Parrot.<ref name=S2>{{cite AV media | people= | date=October 19, 2004| title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 2nd Season|medium=DVD|location=United States | publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Efter Hillenburg's departure as showrunner in 2004, Tibbitt wis gien the role in voicing Potty the Parrot.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=April 17, 2007 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Friend or Foe ("[[Friend or Foe (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Friend or Foe]]" credits) | medium=DVD|location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> In addition tae the regular cast, episodes featur guest vyces from mony ranges of professions, includin actors, athletes, authors, musicians, an artists. Recurring guest vyces include: [[Ernest Borgnine]], who voiced Mermaid Man from 1999 until his daith in 2012;<ref>{{cite news|last=Lloyd|first=Robert|title=Ernest Borgnine: From Marty to McHale to Mermaid Man|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/09/entertainment/la-et-st-ernest-borgnine-from-marty-to-mchale-to-mermaid-man-20120709|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 2, 2013|date=July 9, 2012}}</ref> [[Tim Conway]] as the vyce of Barnacle Boy;<ref>{{cite web|title=Tim Conway: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tim-conway/credits/176843|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Marion Ross]] as Grandma SquarePants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marion Ross: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/marion-ross/credits/164469|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Notable guests who hae providit vocal cameo appearances includes [[David Bowie]] as Lord Royal Highness in the television film ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis|Atlantis SquarePantis]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=David Bowie goes out to sea for 'SpongeBob'|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-11-bowie-spongebob_x.htm?csp=27|work=USA Today|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bowie voices SpongeBob character|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6040098.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref> [[John Goodman]] as the vyce of Santa in the episode "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]", [[Johnny Depp]] as the vyce of the surf guru, Jack Kahuna Laguna, in the episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]]",<ref>{{cite web|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|url=http://www.awn.com/news/television/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|publisher=Animation World Network|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=April 1, 2009}}</ref> and [[Victoria Beckham]] as the vyce of Queen Amphitrite in the episode "[[The Clash of Triton]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Devon|title=Victoria Beckham Lends Her Voice to "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=June 17, 2010|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112081319/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Victoria Beckham to star in a new episode of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/victoria-beckham-to-star-in-a-new-episode-228859|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> Voice recording sessions ayeweys include a full cast of actors, which Kenny describes as "getting more unusual".<ref name=KennyHA>{{cite news | author = Kenny, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Kenny said, "That's another thing that's given ''SpongeBob'' its special feel. Everybody's in the same room, doing it old radio-show style. It's how the stuff we like was recorded".<ref name=KennyHA/> Series writer [[Jay Lender]] said, "The recording sessions were always fun ..."<ref name=LenderHA>{{cite news | author = Lender, Jay | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> For the first three seasons, Hillenburg and Drymon sat in on the record studio, an thay directed the actors.<ref name=HammondHA>{{cite news | author = Hammond, Jennie Monica | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the fowert season, [[Andrea Romano]] teuk over the role as the vyce director.<ref name=HammondHA/> Wednesday is recording day, the same schedule followed by the crew syne 1999.<ref name=HammondHA/> Casting supervisor Jennie Monica Hammond said, "I loved Wednesdays".<ref name=HammondHA/> ===Animation=== Approximately 50 fowk wirk thegither in animating and producin an episode of ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=Producin/> Throughout its run, production of the series haes been handled domestically at [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] in [[Burbank, California]], while the finished animation haes been creatit overseas at [[Rough Draft Studios]] in [[Sooth Korea]].<ref name=Childhood/><ref>{{cite web|last=Richmond|first=Ray|title=Special Report: Animation|url=http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 15, 2004|archive-date=2008-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310222309/http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Storyboarding for each episode is done by the crew in California. The storyboards are then uised as templates by the crew in Korea,<ref name=Childhood/> who animate by haund, colour [[cel]]s on computers, an paint backgrounds. Episodes are finished in California, whaur thay are edited and hae music added.<ref name=Producin/> Every season, character designs are updated or modified to solve technical issues in the animation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tibbitt |first=Paul |title=paultibbitt: @gozarfan chars r updated every ... |url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |publisher=Twitter |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=December 9, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LsVIk4v9?url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |archivedate=2013-12-15 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> During the first season, the series uised [[cel animation]].<ref name="Tibbitt" /> A shift wis made the follaein year to [[digital ink and paint]] animation.<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2009, executive producer [[Paul Tibbitt]] said "The first season of ''SpongeBob'' was done the old-fashioned way on cells, and every cell had to be part-painted, left to dry, paint some other colours. It's still a time-consuming aspect of the process now, but the digital way of doing things means it doesn't take long to correct".<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2008, the crew shifted to uisin [[Cintiq|Wacom Cintiqs]] for the drawings insteid of pencils.<ref name=OralHistory/> The [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|fift season]] episode "[[Pest of the West]]" wis the first episode in the series to which the crew applee'd this method.<ref name=OralHistory2>{{cite web|last=Heintjes|first=Tom|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17|publisher=Bull Moose Publishing Corporation|accessdate=September 23, 2013|date=September 21, 2013|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Series background designer Kenny Pittenger said, "The only real difference between the way we draw now and the way we drew then is that we abandoned pencil and paper during the fifth season".<ref name=OralHistory/> The crew began the shift while thay war wirkin on the episode. Pittenger said, "It was while we were working on 'Pest of the West', one of the half-hour specials, that we made the switch ... did you notice?"<ref name=OralHistory/> The shift to Wacom Cintiqs let the designers and animators draw on computer screens and mak immediate changes or undo mistakes. Pittenger said, "Many neo-Luddites—er ... I mean, many of my cohorts—don't like working on them, but I find them useful. There's no substitute for the immediacy of drawing on a piece of paper, of course, but digital nautical nonsense is still pretty fun".<ref name=OralHistory/> Syne 2004, the ''SpongeBob'' crew haes periodically collaborated wi the LA-based animation studio [[Screen Novelties]] to creaut [[stop motion|stop-motion]] sequences for special episodes. The studio produced a brief [[clay animation|claymation]] scene for the climax of the first theatrical film<ref name=Huff2>{{cite news|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants Song Urges Shoppers Not to Be Jerks This Holiday Season|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-hill/spongebob-christmas-album_b_2175828.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=November 23, 2012|first=Jim|last=Hill}}</ref> and wis re-enlisted in 2009 to creaut an exclusive openin for the series' [[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|tenth anniversary special]].<ref name="Production">{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Stop Motion Casts a Spell on SpongeBob|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/stop-motion-casts-a-spell-on-spongebob/|work=[[Animation (magazine)|Animation]]|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 21, 2012}}</ref>{{sfn|Priebe|2011|pages=61–66}} The abominable snaw mollusk, an octopus-lik creature made of clay who acts as the antagonist of the dooble-lenth episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)#ep156|Frozen Face-Off]]," wis an aa animated by the company.<ref name="AWN2012">{{cite web|last=Sarto|first=Dan|title=A Stop-Motion SpongeBob Special Means Christmas Comes Early This Year|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/stop-motion-spongebob-special-means-christmas-comes-early-year|work=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=December 5, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Animation World Network]]'' reportit that "within the ''SpongeBob'' creative team, there was always talk of doing a more involved project together" wi Screen Novelties.<ref name="AWN2012"/> As a result, the group wis asked to creaut an episode animated entirely in stop motion in 2011. This project became "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]”,<ref name=Goodman>{{cite news|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Christmas Special: Stop-Motion 'It's A SpongeBob Christmas' With John Goodman|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/14/spongebob-squarepants-christmas-special_n_1597975.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=December 14, 2012|date=June 14, 2012|first=Jaimie|last=Etkin}}</ref> which reimagined the show's characters as if thay war pairt o a [[Rankin/Bass Productions|Rankin/Bass]] holiday film.<ref name=DD>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Debuts First Full-Length Stop-Motion Special, It's A SpongeBob Christmas!, Dec. 9, At 7:30 p.m. (ET/PT)|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-debuts-first-full-length-stop-motion-special-its-a-spongebob-christmas-dec-9-at-730-pm-etpt-176667241.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 8, 2013|date=October 31, 2012}}</ref> Tom Kenny, who is nae normally involved in the writing process, contreibutit tae the episode's plot; he said in 2012 that he and Nickelodeon "wanted to dae something juist lik thae auld schuil, stop-motion Rankin-Bass holiday specials...which I watched over and over again when I wis a kid growin up in Syracuse."<ref name="Huff2"/> Unconventional materials sic as baking soda, glitter, wid chips and breakfast cereal war uised in mass quantities to creaut the special's sets.<ref name="Production2">{{cite web|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=It's A SpongeBob Stop-Mo Christmas|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/stop-motion/its-a-spongebob-stop-mo-christmas-72872.html|work=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> Members of the Screen Novelties crew received ane win and twa nominations at the [[30th Annie Awards]],<ref name=Annie40>{{cite web |title=40th Annual Annie Awards Winners |url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |work=Annie Award |publisher=[[ASIFA-Hollywood]] |accessdate=April 3, 2014 |year=2013 |author=Staff |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6OY3GYqrs?url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |archivedate=2014-04-03 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> a nomination at the 2013 [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Golden Reel Awards]],<ref name=GRA13a>{{cite web|last=Giardina|first=Carolyn|title=Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/golden-reel-nominees-413536|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 15, 2013|date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> and a nomination at the 2013 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] for animating the episode.<ref>{{cite web|title=TV series Official Selection |url=http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection:c8 |publisher=[[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141556/http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection%3Ac8 |archivedate=April 1, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The team biggit a dowphin puppet named Bubbles, voiced by [[Matt Berry]], for ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|title=Review: Off-The-Wall And Trippy Sequel 'The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out Of Water'|work=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Taylor|first=Drew|date=February 5, 2015|accessdate=April 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603003017/http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sequences involvin Bubbles included a blend of stop motion and traditional animation. A seicont special animated in stop motion, themed aroond Halloween and uisin the same Rankin/Bass-inspired character models, is currently bein produced for [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 11)|season 11]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413154646/http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archivedate=April 13, 2017|title=Nickelodeon Poland Sitemap|work=[[Nickelodeon (Poland)|Nickelodeon Poland]]|publisher=[[Viacom International|Viacom International, Inc.]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BSkU8kLgjOG/?taken-by=kazprapuolenis|title=Kaz Prapuolenis on Instagram|last=Prapuolenis|first=Kaz|author-link=Kaz Prapuolenis|date=April 6, 2017|accessdate=April 13, 2017}}</ref> ===Music=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="[The music haes gone] from maistly [[Sea shanty|sea shanties]] and Hawaiian music à la [[Roy Smeck]] meets [[Pee-wee Herman]]—still the main style for the show—in the early episodes, but it nou includes [[film noir]], ''[[West Side Story]]'' to [[Henry Mancini|[Henry] Mancini]], [[Jerry Goldsmith]] and [[Steven Spielberg|[Steven] Spielberg]]. Thare's Broadway-type scores and plain auld goofy, loopy, weird stuff. I try to push the envelope on this show wioot getting in the wey of the story, and I try to push it up and wey over the top when I can get away wi it, aw the time keepin it as funny and ridiculous as possible." |source=—Music editor Nicolas Carr<ref name=CarrHA>{{cite news | author = Carr, Nicolas | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} The [[theme song]] wis componed by Mark Harrison and Blaise Smith,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/spongebob-squarepants-theme-mt0033331163|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Theme|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=October 30, 2014}}</ref> while the lyrics tae the song war written by series creautor Stephen Hillenburg an the series' oreeginal creative director Derek Drymon. The melody wis inspired by the sea shanty "[[Blow the Man Down]]".<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> An auld [[oil painting]] o a pirate is uised in the openin sequence. It haes been dubbed "Painty the Pirate", and accordin to Tom Kenny, Hillenburg foond it in a thrift shop "years ago".<ref name=Radio/> [[Patrick Pinney]] gies vyce to Painty the Pirate, singing the theme song as the character.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> Hillenburg's lips war imposed onto the painting and muive alang wi the lyrics.<ref name=Radio/> Kenny joked that this is "about as close o a glimpse as maist ''SpongeBob'' fans are ever going to get of Steve Hillenburg", acause of Hillenburg's private naitur.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> A civer of the song by [[Avril Lavigne]] can be foond on the [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie&nbsp;– Music from the Movie and More...|''SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'' soundtrack]].<ref name=Bands>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Avril Lavigne on SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/avril_lavigne_on_spongebob_squarepants.html|publisher=Ultimate-Guitar|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> Anither civer by the [[Violent Femmes]] aired on Nickelodeon as a promotion for the series muivin to [[prime time]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Barker|first=Rayanna|title=A Conversation With Brian Ritchie|url=http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|work=Rock Zone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=June 22, 2001|archive-date=2013-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815213049/http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Steve Belfer, ane of Hillenburg's friends from CalArts, wrote and performed the music that is played over the end credits.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> This theme includes [[ukulele]] music, per Hillenburg's request.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Drymon said, "It's sae lang ago, it's haurd tae be sure, but I remember Hillenburg haein the Belfer music early on, maybe afore the pilot".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The series' [[Music editor (filmmaking)|music editor]] and main composer is Nicolas Carr.<ref name=CarrHA/> Efter wirkin wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', Carr struggled to find a new job in his field. He haed been considering a career chynge whan Hillenburg offered him the job. The first season's score primarily featurt selections from the [[APM Music|Associated Production Music Library]], which Carr haes said includes "lots of great auld corny Hawaiian music and big, full, dramatic orchestral scores."<ref name=CarrHA/> ''Rocko's Modern Life'' an aa uised music from this library. It wis Hillenburg's decision to adopt the approach. The selections for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' hae been describit by Carr as bein "more over-the-top" than those for ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=CarrHA/> Hillenburg an aa felt that it wis important for the series to develop its ain music library, consisting of scores that coud be reused and re-edited throughout the years. He wanted thir scores tae be componed by unknowns, an a group of twal wis assembled. Thay formed "The Sponge Divers Orchestra", which includes Carr and Belfer. This group went on to provide the majority of the music for later seasons, awtho Carr still draws from the Associated Production Music Library, as well as anither library that he foondit himsel&nbsp;— Animation Music Inc.<ref name=CarrHA/> ==Broadcast== ===Tenth anniversary=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Ten years. I never imagined wirkin on the show to this date and this lang...I really figured we might get a season and a cult follaein, and that might be it." |source=Stephen Hillenburg<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=Absorbent And Yellow And Beloved At 10 Is He|url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|accessdate=May 24, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073445/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} Nickelodeon began celebrating the 10t anniversary of the series on Januar 18, 2009 wi a live cast readin of the episode "SpongeBob vs. The Big One". The readin&nbsp;— a first for the series&nbsp;— wis held at [[2009 Sundance Film Festival|that year's Sundance Film Festival]].<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Taps Patrick Creadon and Christine O'Malley to Produce First-Ever SpongeBob... |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869+19-Jan-2009+PRN20090119 |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=January 19, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825100641/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869%2B19-Jan-2009%2BPRN20090119 |archivedate=August 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Goldman|first=Eric|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/943/943426p1.html |title=SpongeBob SquarePants Meets Johnny Depp&nbsp;– TV News at IGN|publisher=Tv.ign.com|date=January 9, 2009 |accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> The episode, which wad nae premiere on TV until Apryle 17, featurt Johnny Depp as a guest starn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|author=Annemarie Moody|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|work=Animation World Network|date=April 1, 2009|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}</ref> Ither celebratory actions taken by the network included the launching o a new website for the series (spongebob.com) an the introduction of new merchandising. A "SpongeBob and water conservation-themed element" wis an aa added to Nickelodeon's [[pro-social]] campaign ''[[The Big Green Help]]''.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> In an interview, [[Tom Kenny]] said, "What I'm maist proud of is that kids still really lik [''SpongeBob SquarePants''] and care about it ... Thay eagerly await new episodes. People who war young children when it stairtit 10 years ago are still watching it and digging it and think it's funny. That's the [[loving cup]] for me".<ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' celebrates 10 years of nautical nonsense|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|publisher=Pop Matters|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717003015/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Three nichts afore the offeecial anniversary date, an oor-lang documentary of the series, ''[[Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', premiered on [[VH1]].<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="UPI 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|title='SpongeBob' documentary on its way|url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/01/19/SpongeBob-documentary-on-its-way/UPI-79001232406610/|publisher=United Press International|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=January 19, 2009}}</ref> Critically acclaimed duo [[Patrick Creadon]] and Christine O'Malley creatit the film as a followup to ''[[I.O.U.S.A.]]'' – a documentary on America's financial situation. Creadon remarked, "Efter spendin twa years examining the financial heal of the United States, Christine and I war ready to tackle something a little more upbeat. Telling the SpongeBob story feels lik the perfect fit."<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> On Friday Julie 17, Nickelodeon merked the offeecial anniversary of the series, wi a 50-oor [[Marathon (television)|television marathon]] titled "The Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend". The marathon began wi a new episode, "[[To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants]]". Saturday saw a countdown of the tap ten episodes as picked by fans, as well as an airing of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. The marathon finished on Sunday, which saw a countdown of episodes as picked by celebrities, as well as the premiere of ten new episodes.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Celebrates 10 Years of Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-celebrates-10-years-of-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-61867637.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=June 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/11311.shtml|title=Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend&nbsp;– Raving Toy Maniac&nbsp;– The Latest News and Pictures from the World of Toys|publisher=Toymania.com |date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Nickelodeon continued celebrating the anniversary throu the rest of the year. An aicht-episode DVD set featurin "To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants" shortly followed the marathon, wi a Julie 21 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants Debuts in July's 100-ep Marathon, Then on DVD|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=April 21, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162005/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="First 100 Episodes article">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=SpongeBob SquarePants – 'First 100 Episodes' 5-Season DVD Set Arrives with New Extras this Autumn|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=April 28, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206075924/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|url-status=dead}}</ref> Next a 2,200 minute, 14-disc DVD set titled ''The First 100 Episodes'' wis released on September 22.<ref name="First 100 Episodes article"/><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— The First 100 Episodes (Seasons 1–5)|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101100209/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shaffer|first=R.L.|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The First 100 Episodes DVD Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/09/21/spongebob-squarepants-the-first-100-episodes-dvd-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 21, 2009}}</ref> Finally, on November 6, an oor-lang television film, titled ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|Truth or Square]]'', debuted on Nickelodeon. The film is narrated by [[Ricky Gervais]] and features [[live action]] cameo appearances by [[Rosario Dawson]], [[Craig Ferguson]], [[Will Ferrell]], [[Tina Fey]], [[LeBron James]], [[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]], [[Triumph the Insult Comic Dog]], and [[Robin Williams]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramid|title=Soaking in Festivities|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/soaking-in-the-festivities/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ricky Gervais, Will Ferrell and Robin Williams pay tribute to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/ricky-gervais-will-ferrell-and-robin-williams-403690|work=Mirror|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maclntyre|first=April|title=SpongeBob SquarePants ''Truth or Square'', Friday Nov. 6|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|work=Monsters and Critics|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073718/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis released as pairt o a five-episode DVD set on November 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— Truth or Square Officially Announced: Package Art, Extras & More!|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=August 11, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133819/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Ratings and run-length achievements=== Within its first month on air, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' owerteuk ''[[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]]'' as the heichest rated Saturday-morning children's series. It held an average national [[Nielsen rating]] of 4.9 amang children aged twa throu eleven, denoting 1.9 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|title=Nicklodeon.(rating of Nickelodeon's cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)|work=[[Multichannel News]]|date=August 23, 1999|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081516/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|title=Number 101|work=[[TV by the Numbers]]|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2015-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329031934/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Twa years later, the series haed firmly established itself as Nickelodeon's seicont heichest rated children's program, efter ''[[Rugrats]]''. It haed gained a significant adult audience by that point – nearly 40 percent of the series' 2.2 million viewers war aged 18 to 34.<ref name="The Stretch">{{cite web|title=THE STRETCH|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|work=Rocky Mountain News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=September 15, 2001|location=Denver, CO|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075355/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> That year, 2001, Nickelodeon teuk the "Saturday-morning ratings crown" for the fowert straucht season.<ref>{{cite web|title=NICK RETAINS SATURDAY CROWN|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|work=Broadcasting &Cable|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=June 18, 2001|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075359/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In response to this weekend-foond success, the studio gae ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' time slots at 6 PM and 8 PM, Monday throu Thursday, to increase exposure of the series.<ref name="The Stretch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|author=Frazier Moore|title=SPONGE SOAKS UP LAUGHS ON TV.(LIVING)|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|date=July 9, 2001|accessdate=April 4, 2015|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163424/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> By the end of that year ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' boasted the heichest ratings for ony children's series, nae anly on Nickelodeon, but on aw of television.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Amy|title=Stephen Hillenburg created the undersea world of SpongeBob.(The Orange County Register)|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|work=[[Knight Ridder]]/[[Tribune News Service]]|date=February 12, 2002|accessdate=June 30, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610060614/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="Stauffer">{{cite web|last=Stauffer|first=Cindy|title=Grown-ups embrace a wacky, square sponge; There's just something about this sweet kids' cartoon that's attracting an adult audience. Local fans can't get enough of SpongeBob|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|work=Lancaster New Era|accessdate=October 31, 2013|date=May 17, 2002|archive-date=2013-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108172353/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="peak of ratings">{{cite web|last=Moore|first=Frazier|title='SpongeBob' rises from sea to peak of ratings: Nickelodeon show top-rated among kids aged 2 to 11|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|work=Charleston Daily Mail|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 21, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081521/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Weekly viewership of the series haed reached aroond fifteen million, at least five million of which war adults.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit"/> In October 2002, anither Nickelodeon series titled ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' ranked as the No. 2 program for children atween 2 and 11 year auld.<ref name=FOP>{{cite web|last=Ryan|first=Suzanne C.|title='ODDPARENTS' IS SOAKING UP POPULARITY OF 'SPONGEBOB'|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=August 14, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081527/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Its ratings at that time war awmaist equal to ''SpongeBob SquarePants''' then-average of 2.2 million viewers per episode.<ref name=FOP/> ''The Fairly OddParents'' even briefly surpassed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', causing the latter series to drop into second place — at this time ''The Fairly OddParents'' had a 6.2 rating and nearly 2.5 million child viewers, while ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' had a 6.0 rating and 2.4 million kids 2–11.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oei|first=Lily|title='Fairly Odd' number puts 'SpongeBob' in second|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|work=Daily Variety|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 28, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081525/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Nickelodeon "recognised" ''The Fairly OddParents'' for its climbing ratings and installed it into a new 8 P.M. time slot, previously occupied by ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=FOP/> In an interview, Cyma Zarghami, then-[[general manager]] and [[executive vice president]] of Nickelodeon, said, "Are we banking on the fact that ''Fairly OddParents'' will be the next ''SpongeBob''? ... We are hoping. But ''SpongeBob'' is sae unique, it's haurd to say if it will ever be repeated".<ref name=FOP/> Houiver, in 2012, it wis reportit that the series' ratings war declining.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sorry, SpongeBob: Disney Channel Knocks Nick From Top Ratings Perch|url=http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612|work=The Wrap|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=2017-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823121926/http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lieberman|first=David|title=Nickelodeon's Ratings Decline Is No "Blip"; Is Viacom Or Nielsen To Blame?|url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/nickelodeons-ratings-decline-is-no-blip-is-viacom-or-nielsen-to-blame/|publisher=Deadline.com|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> The average nummer of viewers aged 2 to 11 watching ''SpongeBob'' at ony gien time dropped 29% in the first quarter from a year earlier, accordin to [[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]].<ref name=MSN/> ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' business writer [[John Jannarone]] suggestit that the age of the series and oversaturation of the series might be contributing tae the decline of the series' ratings, an might an aa be directly responsible for the decline in Nickelodeon's oweraw ratings.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|last=Jannarone|first=John|title=Viacom's SpongeBob Crisis|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303990604577370510139597158.html|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 2, 2012}}</ref> Media analyst Todd Juenger directly attributes the decline in Nickelodeon's ratings tae the availability of streaming video content on services lik [[Netflix]], a provider of [[video on demand|on-demand]] Internet [[streaming media]].<ref name=THRGardner>{{cite news|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|title=Analyst: Nickelodeon Might Be in Danger of Being Dropped by Some TV Distributors|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeon-viacom-336290|work=HollywoodReporter.com|accessdate=December 5, 2013|date=June 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Philippe Dauman]], the president and CEO of [[Viacom]], contradicted the notion, saying he did nae think "the leemitit amount of Nick library content on Netflix ... haes haed a significant impact".<ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO Defends Nickelodeon's Netflix Deal Again|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-philippe-dauman-defends-nickelodeons-netflix-ratings-319904|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> A Nickelodeon spokesman said ''SpongeBob'' is performing consistently well and remains the nummer ane rated animated series in aw of children's television.<ref name=WSJ/> He added, "Thare is nothing that we hae seen that pynts to ''SpongeBob'' as a problem".<ref name=WSJ/> Dauman blamed the drop on "some ratings systemic issues" at Nielsen, citing extensive set-top-box data that "daes in no wey reflect" the Nielsen data.<ref name=THR>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2012}}</ref> Juenger noted that ''SpongeBob'' coud affect the ratings of ither Nickelodeon programming acause children eften chynge channels to find thair favorite programs, then stay tuned intae that network.<ref name=WSJ/> Nickelodeon recently reduced its exposure in television. In the first quarter of 2012, the network cut back on the nummer of episodes it aired by 16% compared wi a year earlier.<ref name=WSJ/> On Apryle 22, 2013, Netflix CEO [[Reed Hastings]] annoonced thair intentions nae to renew thair existin deal wi Viacom.<ref name=NotRenew>{{cite news|last=Wallenstein|first=Andrew|title=Viacom and Netflix to Scale Down SVOD Deal|url=http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/viacom-and-netflix-to-scale-down-svod-deal-1200407086/|newspaper=Variety|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=April 22, 2013}}</ref> Syne then, Viacom's deal wi Netflix expired, an shows sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'' war removed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roettgers|first=Janko|title=Adios, Dora: Netflix is starting to take Viacom shows offline|url=http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|publisher=paidContent|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607183520/http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Juin 4, 2013, Viacom annoonced a multi-year licensing agreement which wad muive its programs, sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'', to [[Amazon.com]], Netflix's tap competitor.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dora, SpongeBob Swap Sides in Fickle Web-Video World|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324423904578525044270830934.html|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Moscariloto|first=Angela|title=Amazon Inks Streaming Deal for Viacom Shows Like Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2419901,00.asp|publisher=PCMag.com|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> Amazon agreed to pey mair nor $200 million to Viacom for the license, its lairgest subscription streaming transaction ever.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barr|first=Alistair|title=Amazon writes biggest streaming video check for Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.denverpost.com/technology/ci_23385278/amazon-writes-biggest-streaming-video-check-dora-spongebob|work=Denver Post|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon swipes SpongeBob from Netflix in most expensive deal yet|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_23385964/amazon-swipes-spongebob-from-netflix-most-expensive-deal|work=Mercury News|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is ane of the langest-running series on Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=December 14, 2009}}</ref> It became the Nickelodeon series wi the maist episodes, during its aicht season, surpassing the 172 episodes of ''Rugrats'' wi 178.<ref>{{cite web|title=5 of the best|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|work=Sunday Tribune|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 15, 2011|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050540/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|ninth season]], a tot of 26 episodes pushed the series over the 200th episode merk, reachin 204 produced episodes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Labrecque|first=Jeff|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' buckles up for ninth season|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2011-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106035133/http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" renewed for ninth season|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 8, 2013|author=Kit, Zorianna|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150606/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Stuart|title='SpongeBob' receives ninth season pickup|url=http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|work=Variety|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 4, 2011|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704070024/http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a statement, Brown Johnson, animation president for Nickelodeon, said, "''SpongeBob'''s success in reachin over 200 episodes is a testament to creautor Stephen Hillenburg's vision, comedic sensibility and his dynamic, lovable characters. The series nou joins the club of contemporary classic [[List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon|Nicktoons]] that hae hit this benchmark, sae we're incredibly proud".<ref name=TVG>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Adam|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2014-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020160127/http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ng|first=Philiana|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-renewed-ninth-67737|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ===Critical reception=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received generally positive reviews from critics, an it haes been noted for its appeal towards different age groups. [[James Poniewozik]] of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] describit the title character as "the anti-[[Bart Simpson]], temperamentally and physically: his head is as squared-off and neat as Bart's is unruly, and he has a personality to match—conscientious, optimistic and blind to the faults in the world and those around him".<ref>{{cite news|last=Poniewozik|first=James|title=Soaking Up Attention|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,187600,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=December 9, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229004630/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C187600%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin to Laura Fries of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'' magazine]], the series is "a thoughtful and inventive cartoon about a hopelessly optimistic and resilient sea sponge ... Devoid of the double entendres rife in today's animated TV shows, this is purely kid's stuff ... However, that's not to say that ''SpongeBob'' is simplistic or even juvenile. It's charming and whimsical, but clever enough to appeal to teens and college-aged kids, as well".<ref>{{cite news|last=Fries|first=Laura|title=Review: 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://variety.com/1999/tv/reviews/spongebob-squarepants-1200458428/|work=Variety|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 14, 1999}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' critic [[Joyce Millman]] said ''SpongeBob'' "is clever without being impenetrable to young viewers and goofy without boring grown-ups to tears. It's the most charming toon on television, and one of the weirdest. And it's also good, clean fun, which makes sense because it is, after all, about a sponge". Millman wrote, "His relentless good cheer would be irritating if he weren't so darned lovable and his world so excellently strange ... Like ''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', SpongeBob joyfully dances on the fine line between childhood and adulthood, guilelessness and camp, the warped and the sweet".<ref>{{cite news|last=Millman|first=Joyce|title=TELEVISION/RADIO; The Gentle World Of a Joyful Sponge|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/arts/television-radio-the-gentle-world-of-a-joyful-sponge.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 8, 2001}}</ref> [[Robert Thompson (media scholar)|Robert Thompson]], a professor of communications and director of the Center for the Study of Popular Television at [[Syracuse University]], told ''The New York Times'', "There is something kind of unique about [SpongeBob]. It seems to be a refreshing breath from the pre-irony era. There's no sense of the elbow-in-rib, tongue-in-cheek aesthetic that so permeates the rest of American culture–including kids' shows like the ''Rugrats''. I think what's subversive about it is it's so incredibly naive–deliberately. Because there's nothing in it that's trying to be hip or cool or anything else, hipness can be grafted onto it".<ref>{{cite news|title=How to Succeed Without Attitude|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/pop/20020722snapmonday.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 21, 2002|author=[[Tom Zeller, Jr.|Zeller, Tom Jr.]]}}</ref> In anither interview wi [[LA Times]], he commentated on the show's adult audience: "[On one hand] It's a kind of time machine that transports parents back to when they watched TV in their footie [pajamas]. On the other hand, it's very hip in the way it's presented. It is very edgy to adults who know how to read and listen between the frames."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Levine|first1=Bettijane|title=Adults Find Their Inner Sponge|url=http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|accessdate=December 6, 2016|work=LA Times|date=April 7, 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030302082942/http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|archivedate=March 2, 2003}}</ref> In a 2007 interview, [[Barack Obama]] named SpongeBob his favorite TV character and admitted that ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is "the show I watch with my daughters".<ref>{{cite web|last=Eng|first=Joyce|title=What's on Obama's Must-See TV List?|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=August 8, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411092515/http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=From Bikini Bottom to pop icon; SpongeBob turns 10|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022103450/http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barack Obama Is A SpongeBob Fan|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|publisher=Media Bistro|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=November 26, 2007|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615100916/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|url-status=dead}}</ref> British Prime Meenister [[Gordon Brown]] haes an aa said he watches the series wi his children.<ref name="Huffington" /> ===Awards and accolades=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received mony awards and nominations; amang thir are twa [[Emmy Award]]s ("Outstanding Special Class Animated Program" in 2010<ref name=DEA10>{{cite web|title=The 37th ANNUAL DAYTIME ENTERTAINMENT EMMY® AWARD NOMINATIONS |url=http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |work=[[Emmy Award]] |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |accessdate=December 5, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073407/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |archivedate=November 12, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> and "Outstanding Sound Editing – Animation" in 2014);<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Creative Arts Emmy® Awards|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|work=Emmy Award|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|accessdate=June 21, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705034232/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2014}}</ref> six [[Annie Award]]s;<ref name=Annie32>{{cite web|title=32nd Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2004) |url=http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 22, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509064634/http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |archivedate=May 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie371>{{cite web|title=37th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html#20 |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032256/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie372>{{cite web|last=Spring|first=Mike|title=Annie Awards Winners Announced|url=http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|publisher=Voice Coaches|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105120532/http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Annie38>{{cite web|title=38th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906082547/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=September 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie401>{{cite web|title=Annie Award Nominations&nbsp;— A Real Race For Once|url=http://thefilmexperience.net/blog/2012/12/4/annie-award-nominations-a-real-race-for-once.html|publisher=TheFilmExperience.net|accessdate=April 13, 2013|date=December 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Annie402>{{cite news|title=40th Annie Award nominees and winners list|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/02/entertainment/la-et-mn-40th-annie-award-nominations-winners-list-20130202|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2007|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2007/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2012|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2012/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Television critics [[Alan Sepinwall]] and [[Matt Zoller Seitz]] included the series in thair 2016 book ''TV'' as the 22nt [[List of television series considered the best|greatest American television series of aw time]], statin that "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is an [[Absurdism|absurdist]] masterpiece that [[Salvador Dalí]] and [[Groucho Marx]] would have watched together in their smoking jackets".<ref>{{cite web|author1=[[Alan Sepinwall]]|author2=[[Matt Zoller Seitz]]|title=Why 'Deadwood' Is a Top-10 TV Show of All Time|url=https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]|publisher=PERFECT PRIVACY, LLC|accessdate=2 September 2016|date=1 September 2016|archive-date=2016-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902021203/https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ashbrook|first1=Tom|title=The Greatest American Television Shows, Ranked|url=http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2016/09/09/the-greatest-american-television-shows-ranked|website=[[WBUR-FM|WBUR]]|publisher=WBUR|accessdate=10 September 2016|date=9 September 2016}}</ref> In 2006, [[IGN]] ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t on its leet, "Top 25 Animated Series of All Time",<ref>{{cite web|title=15. SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|publisher=IGN|accessdate=December 31, 2013|date=September 28, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923030609/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|archivedate=September 23, 2012}}</ref> an in 2013, it ranked the series 12t on its leet, "The Top 25 Animated Series for Adults".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/07/15/top-25-animated-shows-for-adults?page=3|title=The Top 25 Animated Shows for Adults|publisher=IGN|date=July 15, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> Additionally, the website's [[United Kingdom|UK]] division ran a "Top 100 Animated Series" leet, an lik its US counterpart, ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t.<ref name=IGN>{{cite web|url=http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html |title=Nickelodeon: SpongeBob SquarePants |publisher=IGN|date=|accessdate=2012-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620010829/http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html|archivedate=June 20, 2012}}</ref> The series is amang the "All-TIME 100 TV Shows" as chosen by ''Time'' television critic [[James Poniewozik]] in 2007. He said, "It's the most funny, surreal, inventive example of the explosion in creative kids' (and adult) entertainment that Nick, [[Cartoon Network]] and their ilk made possible".<ref name="alltime100">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|title=All-TIME 100 TV shows: SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Time|author=Poniewozik, James|accessdate=2013-05-11|date=August 14, 2007|archive-date=2014-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011204227/http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viewers of the UK television network [[Channel 4]] voted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the 28t "Greatest Cartoon" in a 2004 poll.<!--Awtho no date is directly gien for this poll, I feel that it is fair to caw it a 2004 poll, due tae the "TV Treats 2004" section in the left-haund box. When ane clicks on that, it indicates that the poll wis takkin place aroond Christmas time, which confirms that this haed tae be a year-end poll for 2004.--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520014452/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archivedate=May 20, 2009 |title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – Results |accessdate=2007-12-31 |publisher=[[Channel 4]].com |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – The Show|publisher=Channel 4.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422100525/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|archivedate=April 22, 2009}}</ref> ''[[TV Guide]]'' listed the character of SpongeBob SquarePants at No. 9 for its "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time".<ref>{{cite news|title=TV Guide's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404044955/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-date=April 4, 2005|work=TV Guide|date=July 30, 2002}}</ref> In 2013, the publication ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the aicht "Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/Greatest-Cartoons-TV-Guide-Magazine-1071203.aspx|title=TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time|work=TV Guide|date=September 24, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> In Juin 2010, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' named SpongeBob ane of the "100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years".<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years: Here's our full list!|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list/|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|accessdate=July 7, 2012|author=Adam B. Vary|date=June 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921234113/http://www.ew.com/article/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Legacy=== [[File:Wax Museum Plus (6344827249).jpg|250px|thumb|left|SpongeBob SquarePants wax statue, in [[National Wax Museum Plus]], in [[Dublin]], Ireland]] [[File:Tahrir Square during 8 February 2011.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion trend at the [[Tahrir Square]] ''(pictured)'' and led tae the creation o a [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile".]] In Julie 2009, [[Madame Tussauds]] wax museum in New York launched a wax sculpture of SpongeBob in celebration of the series' 10t anniversary. This made SpongeBob the first animated character to ever receive a statue made entirely out of wax.<ref>{{cite web|last=Snook|first=Raven|title=Yellow fever: SpongeBob figure to debut at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/tony-kids-blog/yellow-fever-spongebob-figure-to-debut-at-madame-tussauds|work=Timeout|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Bret|title=SpongeBob Debuts at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|work=Parent Dish|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 15, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719054354/http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Pendant/><ref>{{cite web|title=MADAME TUSSAUDS IS BONKERS FOR SPONGEBOB|url=http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|work=Mom Trends|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 11, 2009|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728231350/http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Mey 2011, a new species of mushroom, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis describit, named efter the series' title character.<ref name=Desjardin2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Desjardin DE, Peay KB, Bruns TD |title=''Spongiforma squarepantsii'', a new species of gasteroid bolete from Borneo |url=https://archive.org/details/mycologia_september-october-2011_103_5/page/1119 |journal=[[Mycologia]]|doi=10.3852/10-433 |date=May 10, 2011 |pmid=21558499 |volume=103|issue=5|pages=1119–23}}</ref> The character haes an aa acome a trend in Egyp at Cairo's [[Tahrir Square]].<ref name="Egypt Guardian">{{cite news|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|title=How SpongeBob SquarePants became massive in Egypt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/may/27/spongebob-squarepants-egypt-cartoon-fame|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 27, 2013|location=London}}</ref> Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion phenomenon, appearin on various items of merchandise from [[hijab]]s to boxer shorts.<ref name="Egypt Vice">{{cite web|last=Malsin|first=Jared|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants the New Che Guevara?|url=http://www.vice.com/read/spongebob-squarepants-egypts-new-revolutionary-symbol|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Egypt's unusual Tahrir icon: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|work=Al Aribya|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528173047/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|archivedate=May 28, 2013}}</ref> The phenomenon led tae the creation of the [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile". The project wis foondit by American students Andrew Leber and Elisabeth Jaquette and attempts to document every appearance of SpongeBob in Egyp.<ref name="Middle East Prospect">{{cite web|last=Cormack|first=Raphael|title=SpongeBob SquarePants takes over the Middle East|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|work=Prospect|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=March 26, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606164927/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sherief Elkeshta cited the phenomenon in an essay about the incoherent state of politics in Egyp in an independent monthly paper titled ''Midan Masr''. He wrote, "Why isn't he [SpongeBob] at least holding a Molotov cocktail? Or raising a fist?"<ref>{{cite web|title=Brooklyn, Egypt, And SpongeBob|url=http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|work=Midan Masr|accessdate=June 11, 2013|archive-date=2013-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121172006/http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|url-status=dead}}</ref> The phenomenon haes even spread to [[Libya]], whaur a Libyan rebel in SpongeBob dress wis photographed celebrating the revolution.<ref>{{cite web|title=The New Mascot of Egypt: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Tavern Keepers|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615083050/http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awtho ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' hae asserted that the trend haes little to no poleetical significance,<ref name="Egypt Guardian"/><ref name="Egypt Vice"/> "joke" presidential campaigns hae been undertaken for SpongeBob in Egyp and Sirie.<ref name="Egypt Vice"/><ref name="Middle East Prospect"/> A clip wis posted to YouTube in Februar 2013 that features soldiers in the Roushie airmy and navy singing the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' theme song as thay march.<ref name="Russia Metro">{{cite web|title=Russian soldiers march to SpongeBob SquarePants theme song|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/02/19/russian-soldiers-march-to-spongebob-squarepants-theme-song-3503968/|work=Metro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=February 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Russia Telegraph">{{cite news|title=Russian soldiers sing SpongeBob SquarePants theme tune as they march|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=May 23, 2013|location=London|date=February 18, 2013|archive-date=2017-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622143748/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin tae the website that uploaded the video, this is ane of the "most popular marching songs" in the Roushie military.<ref name="Russia Metro"/> The video garnered nearly 50,000 views within its first week.<ref name="Russia Telegraph"/> ===Criticism=== ====Controversies==== In 2005, an online video which showed clips from ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' and ither children's shows set tae the [[Sister Sledge]] song "[[We Are Family (song)|We Are Family]]" to promote [[cultural diversity|diversity]] and [[Toleration|tolerance]] wis attacked by an [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] group in the United States, acause thay saw SpongeBob bein uised to "advocate [[homosexuality]]".<ref name="US right attacks">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4190699.stm | title=US right attacks SpongeBob video | date=January 20, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=accuse>{{Cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2005-01-22-kids-video_x.htm | title=SpongeBob, Muppets and the Sister Sledge writer suffer criticism | date=January 22, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today }}</ref> [[James Dobson]] of [[Focus on the Family]] accused the video of promoting homosexuality, due to it bein sponsored by a pro-tolerance group.<ref name=accuse /> The incident accentuated questions as to whether or nae SpongeBob is gay. Awtho the character haes enjoyed popularity wi gay viewers, series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haed already denied the issue three years earlier, clarifying at the time that he considers the character tae be "somewhat [[Asexuality|asexual]]".<ref name="Camp Cartoon Star">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2313221.stm | title=Camp cartoon star 'is not gay' | date=October 9, 2002 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Efter Dobson's comments, Hillenburg reasserted his poseetion, statin that sexual preference daes nae play a pairt in what thay are "trying to do" wi the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | title=SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator | date=January 28, 2005 | accessdate=August 26, 2009 | first=Stephen M. | last=Silverman | work=[[People (magazine)|People]] | archive-date=2008-03-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320034827/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=22&art_id=vn20050129114540161C803463|title=SpongeBob isn't gay or straight, creator says |date=January 29, 2005|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 9, 2008}}</ref> Tom Kenny and ither production members war distraught that sic an issue haed arisen.<ref name="Radio">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Dobson later stated that his comments war taken out of context, an that his oreeginal complaints war nae wi SpongeBob, the video, or ony of the characters in the video, but rather wi the organisation that sponsored the video, the [[We Are Family Foundation]]. Dobson indicated that the We Are Family Foundation posted pro-gay material on thair website, but later removed it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|title=Dobson clarifies Pro-Gay SpongeBob Video Controversy|last=Chang|first=Pauline J.|date=January 28, 2005|publisher=[[The Christian Post]]|accessdate=June 11, 2007|archive-date=2007-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831200610/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter the controversy, John H. Thomas, the [[United Church of Christ]]'s general meenister and president, said thay wad welcome SpongeBob intae thair ministry. He said "Jesus didn't turn people away. Neither do we".<ref>{{cite web| title=Ministry celebrates SpongeBob: Gay, happy, yellow, orange, whatever, he's welcome | url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | date=February 4, 2005 | author=Till, Francis | work=National Business Review | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627121737/http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | archivedate=June 27, 2007 }}</ref> Jeffery P. Dennis, author of the journal article "Queertoons", argued that SpongeBob and Sandy are nae romantically in luve, while adding that he believed that SpongeBob and Patrick "are paired with arguably erotic intensity".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=June 2003|title=Queertoons|url=http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|journal=Soundscapes|volume=6|accessdate=December 17, 2014|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925124217/http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Martin Goodman of ''[[Animation World Network|Animation World Magazine]]'' describit Dennis' comments regarding SpongeBob and Patrick as "interesting".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|author=Martin Goodman|title=Deconstruction Zone – Part 2|work=[[Animation World Network]]|date=March 10, 2004|accessdate=October 28, 2009|archive-date=2010-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413110918/http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Jeffery's comments were also published by the ''[[Journal of Popular Film & Television]]'' in an article called "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=Fall 2003|title=The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01956050309603674#.VJH0CyvF-Cl|volume=31|issue=3|pages=132–140|accessdate=December 17, 2014|doi=10.1080/01956050309603674|journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television}}</ref> This is the article that is referred to by Goodman.}} Ukrainian website Family Unner the Protection of the Holy Virgin, which haes been describit as a "fringe Catholic" group by ''The Wall Street Journal'', levied criticism against ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' for its alleged "promotion of homosexuality".<ref name="Ukraine">{{cite news|last=Marson|first=James|title=Ukraine's Morality Police Probe 'Gay' SpongeBob|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2012/08/15/gay-spongebob-offends-ukraine-morality-commission/|accessdate=February 2, 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> The group sought to hae the series banned, alang wi several ither popular children's properties. The [[National Expert Commission of Ukraine on the Protection of Public Morality]] teuk up the matter for review in August 2012.<ref name="Ukraine"/> In Apryle 2009, [[Burger King]] released a SpongeBob-themed advertisement featurin a parody of [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]]'s song "[[Baby Got Back]]". The [[Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood]] protested the ad for bein sexist and inappropriately sexual, especially contemplating that SpongeBob's fan base includes young children.<ref>{{cite web|title=CCFC to Nickelodeon: Did You Approve the SpongeBob SquareButt Burger King Commercial?|url=http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|publisher=Common Dreams|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 9, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419205831/http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kelleher|first=Katy|title=SpongeBob Meets Sir Mix-A-Lot In New Burger King Ads|url=http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022518/http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Craig|title=Burger King pushes flat butts and SpongeBob to kids, hires buttheads to do it|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|work=Suntimes|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111003615/http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Douglas">{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Joanna|title=Is the Sir Mix-a-Lot Burger King commercial too much for kids?|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416202924/https://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|archivedate=April 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg">{{cite web|last=Ekberg|first=Aida|title=SpongeBob + Sir Mix-A-Lot + Burger King = Offensive Commercial?|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209042535/http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html?cat=33|archivedate=December 9, 2013}}</ref> In offeecial statements released by Burger King and Nickelodeon, baith companies claimed that the campaign wis aimed at parents.<ref name="Yahoo Douglas"/><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg"/> {{quote box|align=left|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The children who watched the cartoon were operating at half the capacity compared to other children." |source=— Angeline S. Lillard, University of Virginia<ref>{{cite news|last=Rabin|first=Roni Caryn|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants Bad for Children?|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/is-spongebob-squarepants-bad-for-children/|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref>}} A 2011 study conducted at the [[University of Virginia]] and published in the journal ''[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]'' suggestit that allouin preschool-aged audiences to watch the series caused short-term disruptions in mental function and attention span due to frequent shot changes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lillard | first1 = Angeline | last2 = Peterson | first2 = Jennifer | year = 2011 | title = The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/09/08/peds.2010-1919 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 128| issue = 4| pages = 644–649| doi = 10.1542/peds.2010-1919 | pmid=21911349}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rochman|first=Bonnie|title=Study: Fast-Moving Cartoons Like SpongeBob May Impair Kids' Focus|url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|work=Time|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420202450/http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Nickelodeon executive responded in an interview that the series wis nae intendit for an audience of that age and that the study uised "questionable methodology and could not possibly provide the basis for any valid findings that parents could trust".<ref>{{cite news|title=Study: Some cartoons are bad for children's brains|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525053636/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Eryn|title=SpongeBob impairs little kids' thinking, study finds|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/12/news/la-heb-spongebob-squarepants-children-brain-20110912|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> Several episodes of the series hae been subject to controversy as well. In a report titled ''Wolves in Sheep's Claedin'', which documents the increase in potentially violent, profane, an sexual content in children's programming, the [[Parents Television Council]], a [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] media group, claimed the [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|season 2]] ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]" wis an implicit attempt to promote and [[Satire|satirize]] uise of [[profanity]] amang children,<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kristen Fyfe| title = Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: A Content Analysis of Children's Television| publisher = [[Parents Television Council]]| date = March 2, 2006| url = http://www.parentstv.org/ptc/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| accessdate = August 5, 2007| journal = | archive-date = 2007-08-08| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070808140158/http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> while "[[SpongeBob's Last Stand]]" and "[[Selling Out (SpongeBob SquarePants episode)|Selling Out]]" hae been accused of promoting [[environmentalism]] and [[left-wing politics]] due to thair negative portrayal of [[big business]].<ref name="firing">{{cite web|last1=Bond|first1=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|website=Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=1 May 2017|quote=It's not the first time SpongeBob has waded into social commentary, though usually when it does, it bugs the right and supports the left. In episodes dubbed "SpongeBob's Last Stand" and "Selling Out," for example, environmentalism is glorified and large businesses are demonized.}}</ref> "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired]]", a 2013 [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|season 9]] episode, gained hivy controversy and sparked a poleetical debate over its portrayal of [[unemployment]];<ref name="firing"/> efter [[Fox News]] an the ''[[New York Post]]'' commented on the episode, [[Media Matters for America]] accused the twa organisations of uisin the episode to "attack the social safety net".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Weisman|first1=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|website=Chron|accessdate=1 May 2017}}</ref> This statement wis echoed by [[Al Sharpton]], who claimed [[Conservatism|conservatives]]' "new hero" tae be "a sponge who lives in a pineapple under the sea".<ref>{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}</ref> {{clear}} ====Declining quality==== Critics' reviews of early ''SpongeBob'' episodes praised the show for its wit, clever humour, an "uncanny brilliance".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Uncanny Brilliance of "SpongeBob SquarePants"|author=Zeus, Maxie|publisher=Toon Zone|date=January 28, 2005|accessdate=September 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105062259/http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Houiver, in 2007, aroond the airing of [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|season five]], the tone and emphasis of the show began to chynge. Some fans "began to turn away from the show",{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}} causin online [[fansite]]s to "[become] deserted".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name=MSN/> Thay pyntit to a shift from clever humour to what thay perceived as "boring, unfunny humor&nbsp;... geared ower muckle towards children".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name="shscourier">{{cite web |url=http://shscourier.com/10299/arts-and-entertainment/spongebob-sponge-out-of-water-to-sea-or-not-to-see/ |title=SpongeBob Sponge Out Of Water: To "Sea" Or Not To See |last1=Lilly |first1=Ally |date=January 29, 2015 |website= |publisher=''The Susquehannock Courier'' |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Paul Tibbitt]], showrunner from season fower tae the season 9 episode, "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired!]]" haes been the subject of criticism.<ref name="shscourier"/> While ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' wis generally well received by fans of the show, it is an aa considered a turning point in the show's history, as mony fans believe the decline occurred efter the film's release,<ref name=MSN>Berr, Jonathan (May 4, 2012). [http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 Viacom should pull the plug on SpongeBob] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505002658/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 |date=2012-05-05 }}. ''MSN Money''. Retrieved February 3, 2013.</ref> whan Stephen Hillenburg resigned as showrunner and Tibbitt wis appyntit to replace him. Episodes produced syne the movie hae been variously categorized as "kid-pandering attention-waster[s]",<ref name="news.toonzone">{{cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title="Whatever Happened to SpongeBob?": Good Question! |author=Zeus, Maxie |publisher=Toon Zone |date=October 12, 2008 |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |archivedate=December 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} {{Cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2008-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> "tedious",<ref name="dvdverdict">{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Who Bob What Pants?|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=November 13, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017060955/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> "boring" and "dreck",<ref>{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Great Patty Caper|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=March 13, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033808/http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> a "depressing plateau of mediocrity",<ref>{{cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Mina|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: To Love A Patty|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=February 6, 2008|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921113901/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and "lauch-skimpy".<ref name=Mavis>{{cite web|last=Mavis|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— WhoBob WhatPants?|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/35047/spongebob-squarepants-who-bob-what-pants/|publisher=DVD Talk|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=October 13, 2008}}</ref> ==Ither media== ===Home video=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="40%" style="text-align:center;" |+ ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD releases |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding:0 8px;"| Season ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" colspan="3"| [[DVD]] release date |- ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 1]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 2]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 4]] |- | style="width:1%; background:#469E37;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)|1]] | October 28, 2003<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725222026/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|url-status=dead}}</ref> | November 7, 2005 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 1|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308154448/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|archivedate=March 8, 2010}}</ref> |- | style="background:#E3641A;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|2]] | October 19, 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162408/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|url-status=dead}}</ref> | October 23, 2006 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 2|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712083116/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|archivedate=July 12, 2012|accessdate=October 29, 2013}}</ref> |- | style="background:#73B1B7;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 3)|3]] | September 27, 2005<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – 3rd Season Set Package: SpongeBob Is Cookin'!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=August 5, 2005|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022153558/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|url-status=dead}}</ref> | December 3, 2007< | style="padding:0 8px;"| November 8, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 3|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102174142/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#B02B11;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 4)|4]] | September 12, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022172024/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 3, 2008 | rowspan="2"| November 7, 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants''; S4|url=http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|publisher=Sanity|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062840/http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Januar 9, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162422/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#FAF75B;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|5]] | September 4, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022171442/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 16, 2009 | rowspan="2"| December 3, 2009<ref>{{cite wab|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5 (Complete) (DVD) |url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711052336/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|archivedate=July 11, 2012 }}</ref> |- | November 18, 2008<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Are Ya' Ready to Complete the 5th Season? Nick/Par Announces 'S5,V2' at Last!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 28, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220015/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#454683;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6)|6]] | December 8, 2009<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Season 6 and Other Announced Releases|url=http://www.tvguide.com/DVD-News/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1009539.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 9, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107151114/http://www.tvguide.com/dvd-news/spongebob-squarepants-season-1009539.aspx/|archivedate=November 7, 2012}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 29, 2010 | rowspan="2"| December 2, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6: The Complete Collection (3 Disc Set)|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065138/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | December 7, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112083819/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110064401/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#74E387;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)|7]] | December 6, 2011<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Nickelodeon/Paramount Announces a 'Complete 7th Season' 4-DVD Set|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142020/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|url-status=dead}}</ref> | September 17, 2012 | September 12, 2012<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062345/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#934C9C;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)|8]] | Mairch 12, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD news: Announcement for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8 |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |date=May 25, 2007 |accessdate=December 29, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214013249/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | October 28, 2013 | October 30, 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 8, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109021721/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#4DD4E8;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|9]] | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- | ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes#Season 10|10]]<ref name=S10>{{cite web|last=Maxwell|first=Erin|title=Shiver me timbers! A bearded Antonio Banderas gets his sea legs with a pirate makeover for ''SpongeBob SquarePants 2''|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2453291/Antonio-Banderas-gets-pirate-makeover-SpongeBob-SquarePants-2.html|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- |} ===Comic beuks=== In Februar 2011, creautor Hillenburg first annoonced the release of the 32-page bimonthly comic book series, ''[[SpongeBob Comics]]'', based on the show.<ref name=Comics1>{{cite web|title="SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS" COMIC DEBUTS IN FEBRUARY|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 25, 2011|archive-date=2011-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201210954/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Comics2>{{cite web|last=Boom |first=Richard |title=SpongeBob Comics #1 debuts from United Plankton Pictures |url=http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |publisher=[[Broken Frontier]] |accessdate=December 6, 2013 |date=January 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128020705/http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |archivedate=January 28, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The release merked the first time Hillenburg authored his ain beuks. He said, "I'm hoping that fans will enjoy finally having a ''SpongeBob'' comic book from me".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> The comic book series is published by Hillenburg's production company, [[United Plankton Pictures]], and distributed by [[Bongo Comics Group]].<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Awtho the characters of the series haed previously appeared in ''[[Nickelodeon Magazine]]'' an in ''[[List of Tokyopop publications#Cine-Manga|Cine-Manga]]'', the first issue of ''SpongeBob Comics'' merked the first time the characters hae appeared in thair ain comic beuks in the United States.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg describit the stories from the comic beuks as "original and always true to the humor, characters, and universe of the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' series".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Chris Duffy, the umwhile senior editor of ''Nickelodeon Magazine'', serves as managing editor of ''SpongeBob Comics''.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg and Duffy met wi various cartoonists—includin [[James Kochalka]], [[Hilary Barta]], [[Graham Annable]], Gregg Schigiel, an Jacob Chabot—to contribute to each issues.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Retired [[horror comics]] writer and artist [[Stephen R. Bissette]] returned to write a special Halloween issue in 2012, wi [[Tony Millionaire]] and [[Al Jaffee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Bissette Returns To Comics With SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2012/07/18/steve-bissette-returns-to-comics-with-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Bleeding Cool]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=July 18, 2012|author=[[Rich Johnston|Johnston, Rich]]}}</ref> In an interview wi [[Tom Spurgeon]], Bissette said, "I've even broken my retirement to do one work-for-hire gig [for ''SpongeBob Comics''] so I could share everything about that kind of current job".<ref>{{cite web|title=CR Holiday Interview #14 – Steve Bissette|url=http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/cr_holiday_interview_11_steve_bissette/|work=The Comics Reporter|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 3, 2012|author=[[Tom Spurgeon|Spurgeon, Tom]]}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, [[Titan Magazines]] publishes comics based on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' every fower weeks. Thir comics war first published on Februar 3, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Magazine 100th Issue|url=http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|publisher=Titan Magazines|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006050305/http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Titan Magazines teamed-up wi [[Lego]] to release a leemitit edition ''SpongeBob''-themed comic.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=SpongeBob LEGO limited edition magazine launches|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/10992/SpongeBob-Magazine-unites-with-LEGO|publisher=Licensing|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2017-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707123937/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/spongebob-lego-limited-edition-magazine-launches/027694|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Films=== [[Paramount Pictures]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]] produced ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', an animated film [[adaptation]] of the series that wis released on November 19, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-opens-nationwide-on-friday-november-19-75337557.html|title='The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie' Opens Nationwide on Friday, November 19|publisher=PR Newswire|date=November 10, 2004|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> The film wis directed by creautor Stephen Hillenburg, an wis written by lang-time series writers comprising Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, Tim Hill, [[Kent Osborne]], [[Aaron Springer]], and Paul Tibbitt. Hillenburg and Julia Pistor produced the film, while the [[film score]] wis componed by Gregor Narholz.<ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/apm-film-and-television-composer-gregor-narholz-signs-on-to-score-activisions-x-mentm-legends-sequel-54194902.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://investor.activision.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=157576|publisher=Activision|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gregor Narholz Scores X-Men|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/10/gregor-narholz-scores-x-men|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 10, 2005}}</ref> The film is about Plankton's evil plan to steal King Neptune's crown and send it to Shell City. SpongeBob and Patrick must retrieve it and save Mr. Krabs' life from Neptune's raft and thair home, Bikini Bottom, from Plankton's plan. The film features guest appearances by [[Jeffrey Tambor]] as King Neptune, [[Scarlett Johansson]] as the King's dochter Mindy, [[Alec Baldwin]] as Dennis, an [[David Hasselhoff]] as himsel.<ref name="Johansson">{{cite video | people=[[Scarlett Johansson|Johansson, Scarlett]]|date=2005|title= The Absorbing Tale Behind The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It received positive critical reception,<ref name="tomatoes">{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spongebob_squarepants_movie/ | title = The Spongebob Squarepants Movie (2004) | work =[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher = [[Flixster]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | title = SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, The | publisher = [[CBS]] | work = [[Metacritic]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010 | archive-date = 2010-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806001711/http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | url-status = dead }}</ref> and grossed over $140 million warldwide.<ref name=BOM>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spongebob.htm|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)|accessdate=July 20, 2009|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Twa [[television films]] war released. The twa television films are ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis]]'' released in 2007 and ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square]]'' released in 2009. A [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|sequel]] tae the 2004 film wis released in theaters on Februar 6, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Paramount Avoids ''Fifty Shades'' by Moving Up '''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Sequel|url=http://www.thewrap.com/paramount-avoids-fifty-shades-by-moving-up-spongebob-squarepants-sequel/|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=June 7, 2014|date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> The series' main cast members are reprise thair roles,<ref name=WN>{{cite web|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Film Planned for 2014|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/03/04/SpongeBob_SquarePants_Film_Planned_for_2014/#/related_news|publisher=WN.com|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=March 4, 2013}}</ref> an the underwater pairts are [[traditional animation|tradeetionally animated]] in the manner of the series an the live-action pairts uses [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI animation]] wi the SpongeBob characters.<ref>{{cite web|last=Webb|first=Charles|title=Is Paramount Prepping an Animated 'Legend of Korra' Movie?|url=http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|publisher=MTV|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=August 20, 2012|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512062513/http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Tradition>{{cite web|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|title=SpongeBob kicks off new Paramount Ani division|url=http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|publisher=Bill Desowitz|accessdate=March 31, 2013|date=February 29, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022015510/http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film haes a budget seemilar tae the previous film and did nae cost mair nor $100 million to produce.<ref name=Hundred>{{cite news|last=Chozik|first=Amy|title=Return to Big Screen for SpongeBob|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/return-to-big-screen-for-spongebob/|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=March 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goodwin|first=Liam|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants movie will be released in 2014|url=http://filmonic.com/spongebob-squarepants-movie-2014-release-date|publisher=Filmonic.com|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Paramount to Release 'SpongeBob' Movie in 2014|url=http://www.awn.com/news/people/paramount-release-spongebob-movie-2014|publisher=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> On Apryle 30, 2015, Viacom annoonced a third movie wis in development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Viacom/status/593762894103375872|title=Viacom on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> On August 3, 2015, via Twitter, [[Vincent Waller]] confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that [[Paul Tibbitt]] will ance again direct.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/628219039081324544|title=Vincent Waller|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> ===Music=== Collections of oreeginal music featurt in the series hae been released on the albums ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights]]'' (2001), ''[[SpongeBob's Greatest Hits]]'' (2009), and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: The Yellow Album|The Yellow Album]]'' (2005). The first twa charted on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], reachin nummer 171 and 122, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebob-squarepants-original-theme-highlights-mw0000012957/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob's Greatest Hits|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebobs-greatest-hits-mw0000810167/awards|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> Several sangs hae been recorded wi the purpose o a single or album release, an hae nae been featurt on the show. For ensaumple, the song "My Tidy Whities" written by Tom Kenny and [[Andy Paley]] wis released anly for the album ''[[The Best Day Ever]]'' (2006). Kenny's inspiration for the song wis "underwear humor".<ref name=Newsday>{{cite web|last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |title=FAST CHAT TOM KENNY |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05,0,4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |work=Newsday |accessdate=August 2, 2013 |date=November 5, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217024149/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05%2C0%2C4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |archivedate=February 17, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Kenny said, "Underwear humor is always a surefire lauch-getter with kids ... Just seeing a character that odd wearing really prosaic, normal, [[Kmart]], three-to-a-pack underwear is a funny drawing ... We thought it was funny to make a really lush, beautiful love song to his underwear".<ref name=Newsday/> ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie – Music from the Movie and More...]]'', a soundtrack album featurin the score of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', wis released alang wi the featur-lenth film in November 2004. Various artists includin [[the Flaming Lips]],<ref name=TFL1>{{cite web|title=Lips, Shins Kick Back With 'SpongeBob'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/65812/lips-shins-kick-back-with-spongebob|work=Billboard|accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> [[Wilco]],<ref name=WilcoLips>{{cite web|title=Flaming Lips and Wilco Featured on New SpongeBob Soundtrack|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|work=Paste|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 13, 2004|archive-date=2017-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710184925/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ween]],<ref name=MTV/> [[Motörhead]],<ref name=MTV2>{{cite web|last=D'Angelo|first=Joe|title=Flaming Lips, Wilco, 'Commercial Weirdo' Avril Lavigne Head Up 'SpongeBob' LP|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|publisher=MTV|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2011-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025195508/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[the Shins]],<ref name=Wierdo>{{cite web|last=Dufour|first=Matt|title=SpongeBob Soundtrack Boasts Shins, Wilco, And Flaming Lips Songs|url=http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|work=The Fader|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207145020/http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Avril Lavigne]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> contreibutit tae the soundtrack that reached nummer 76 on the US ''Billboard'' 200.<ref>{{cite web|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie: Music From the Movie and More|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-music-from-the-movie-and-more-mw0000674021/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> ===Theme park rides=== [[File:EF-Mall of America.jpg|230px|thumb|right|[[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]] ride at the [[Mall of America]].]] [[SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D]] film and ride opened in various locations, includin [[Six Flags Over Texas]], [[Flamingo Land Resort]], an the [[Shedd Aquarium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Chicago &#124; Plan a Visit &#124; Now Playing in 4-D |publisher=Shedd Aquarium |date= |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5urIgheCb?url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |archivedate=2010-12-09 |df= |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2010-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129122646/http://sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ride features water squirts, real bubbles, an ither sensory enhancements. In 2012, Nickelodeon teamed up again wi SimEx-Iwerks Entertainment and Super 78 to produce SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arrant|first=Chris|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" 4-D Attraction Coming Soon|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-attraction-coming-soon-70391.html|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> The attraction opened in early 2013 at the [[Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration]].<ref name=4DPlot>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob goes 4-D at the aquarium|url=http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|publisher=Mystic River Press|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=May 17, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211231455/http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction wis an aa released at the [[Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando]] in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue|url=http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|work=Eye on Orlando|accessdate=May 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503111622/http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brigante|first=Ricky|title=SpongeBob SquarePants makes a splash at Nick Hotel with new 4D movie, Bikini Bottom Breakfast, and more entertainment|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-makes-a-splash-at-nick-hotel-with-new-4d-movie-bikini-bottom-breakfast-and-more-entertainment/|publisher=Inside the Magic|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roseboom|first=Matt|title=Nick Hotel debuts new SpongeBob 4D movie and Bikini Bottom character breakfast|url=http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|work=Orlando Attractions Magazine|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423114753/http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The seiven-minute film follows SpongeBob, Patrick and Sandy to thair auld hijinks while rescuing the jellyfish of Jellyfish Fields from Plankton's evil clutches.<ref name=4DPlot/> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' appears at the [[Mall of America]]'s Nickelodeon theme park re-branded from the Mall of America's [[Park at MOA]], formerly Camp Snoopy, to [[Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Minneapolis-St. Paul]] suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota]]. The new theme park features a ''SpongeBob''-themed [[Gerstlauer]] Euro-Fighter custom [[roller coaster]], the [[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]], which haes replaced the Mystery Mine Ride and Olde Time Photo store on the wast end of the theme park, which opened Mairch 15, 2008.<ref name=TPI>{{cite web|last=Niles|first=Robert|title=New attraction spotlight: Nickelodeon Universe at Mall of America|url=http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/200803/642/|work=Theme Park Insider|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Jayne|title=Nick characters drop in mall Universe|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|work=USA Today|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 13, 2008|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024025306/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Mey 23, 2015, an interactive 3D show titled "SpongeBob SubPants Adventure" opened in Texas at [[Moody Gardens]]. Accordin to Moody Gardens President and CEO John Zendt, "Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moody Gardens|title=Moody Gardens Announces Launch of New One-of-a-Kind SpongeBob SubPants Interactive Experience|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moody-gardens-announces-launch-of-new-one-of-a-kind-spongebob-subpants-interactive-experience-300043050.html|website=PRNewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=9 March 2015|quote=Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=SpongeBob SquarePants|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook – "There's a new type of SpongeBob experience coming to Moody Gardens on Memorial Day!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/posts/10152666661991366|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob SquarePants|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook - "If you're heading to Texas be sure to check out the SpongeBob SubPants Adventure!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/timeline/story?ut=43&wstart=0&wend=1433141999&hash=-7897235326254608682&pagefilter=3|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> ===Video gemmes=== Numerous [[video game]]s based on the series hae been produced. Some of the early gemmes include ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Legend of the Lost Spatula|Legend of the Lost Spatula]]'' (2001)<ref>{{cite web|last=Antonucci|first=Mike|title=Triple Play Baseball has some annoying errors|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|work=Knight Ridder|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=March 20, 2001|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075840/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web|last=Ray|first=Roblin|title=Learning a lesson; Console games finally tap into educational content|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|work=The Boston Herald|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=December 7, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075829/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> The 2003 video game wis added tae the [[Greatest Hits (PlayStation range)|Greatest Hits]] by [[Sony]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sony Adds 'SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom' to Greatest Hits Collection|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|work=Wireless News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=September 30, 2004|archive-date=2014-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503175626/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The season's best bets for video-game enthusiasts|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|work=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=November 20, 2003|location=San Jose, CA|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075849/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> It an aa served as the ingine basis for [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game)|a video game]] based on ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. [[Heavy Iron Studios]], the game's developers, tweaked the graphics to gie the game a sharper and more imaginative leuk than that of ''Battle for Bikini Bottom''. Thay an aa increased the polygon count, added several racing levels, an incorporated mony of the creatures seen in the film.<ref name=VG>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Movie Update|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/08/25/spongebob-squarepants-the-movie-update|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=August 25, 2004|author=IGN Staff}}</ref> In 2013, Nickelodeon published and distributed ''[[SpongeBob Moves In!]]'', a [[freemium]] [[city-building game]] [[Application software|app]] developed by [[Kung Fu Factory]] for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stecker|first=Erin|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' debuts new app – EXCLUSIVE VIDEO|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=5 June 2013|archive-date=2013-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611120001/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches Building 'SpongeBob' App|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/gaming/nick-launches-city-building-spongebob-app/|work=Animation|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS 'City Building' App|url=http://tv.broadwayworld.com/article/Nickelodeon-Announces-SPONGEBOB-SQUAREPANTS-City-Building-App-20130606|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build Your Very Own Bikini Bottom Through Nickelodeon's Worldwide Release Of Brand-New Mobile Game, SpongeBob Moves In|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/build-your-very-own-bikini-bottom-through-nickelodeons-worldwide-release-of-brand-new-mobile-game-spongebob-moves-in-210383441.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> ===SpongeBob SquareShorts=== Nickelodeon launched the first global ''SpongeBob SquarePants''-themed [[film|short film]] competeetion, SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes, in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Nick Launches 2013 Short Film Contest|url=http://www.awn.com/news/call-entries/nick-launches-2013-short-film-contest|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Animation World Magazine|date=January 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches SpongeBob SquareShorts Contest|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/nick-launches-spongebob-squareshorts-contest/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The contest encourages fans and filmmakers aroond the world to creaut oreeginal short films inspired by SpongeBob for a chance to win a prize and a trip for fower fowk to a screening event in [[Hollywood]]. The contest opened on Mey 6 and ran throu Juin 28, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob Square Shorts Competition&nbsp;– $2,500 + Trip|url=http://www.filmthenext.com/2013/05/spongebob-square-shorts-competition-2500-trip/|publisher=FilmTheNext.com|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Contest>{{cite web|last=Kondolojy|first=Amanda|title=Nickelodeon Announces First-Ever SpongeBob SquarePants Global Film Competition, 'SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes'|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|publisher=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013|archive-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807084326/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Julie 19, 2013, Nickelodeon annoonced the finalists for the competeetion,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=Nickelodeon reveals finalists in SpongeBob Squareshorts film comp|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/11767/Nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-SpongeBob-Squareshorts-film-competition|publisher=Licensing.biz|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=22 July 2013|archive-date=2013-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024040444/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-spongebob-squareshorts-film-comp/026966|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces Finalists For First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts Global Short Film Competition|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/07/19/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-global-short-film-competition-92000/20130719nickelodeon01/|work=The Futon Critic|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Finalists for First-Ever "SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes"|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|work=Toonzone|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013|archive-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218233942/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, on August 13, 2013, the "under 18 years of age" category wis won by David of the United States for his "The Krabby Commercial", while the "Finally Home" short by Nicole of [[South Africa]] won the "18 and over" category.<ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Winners for First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|publisher=Toon Zone|accessdate=December 4, 2013|date=August 13, 2013|archive-date=2015-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227112543/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Merchandise== The popularity of ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' inspired merchandise from T-shirts to posters.<ref name=Star/> It wis reportit that the franchise generated an estimatit $8 billion merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref name=Billion>{{cite web|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=How SpongeBob Became an $8 Billion Franchise|url=http://adage.com/article/media/nickelodeon-s-spongebob-8b-kid-franchise/137866/|work=AdvertisingAge|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> It is an aa the maist distributed property of [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<ref name=MTV>{{cite web |url=http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |title=Nickelodeon Celebrates Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants decade |work=Media News International |first=Rosina |last=Stock |date=June 24, 2009 |accessdate=July 14, 2009 |archive-date=2009-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626060310/http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''SpongeBob'' is viewed in 170 countries speakin 24 leids, an haes an aa acome "a killer merchandising app".<ref>{{cite news|last=Hinckley|first=David|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' gets closer look on VH1 with 10th anniversary documentary on Nickelodeon hit|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-closer-vh1-10th-anniversary-documentary-nickelodeon-hit-article-1.426636|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> The title character and his friends hae been uised as a theme for special editions of well-kent faimily buird gemmes, includin [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Networks' Nickelodeon Kids and Family Group Puts a Digital Spin on Classic Hasbro Games Featuring Dora The Explorer and SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mtv-networks-nickelodeon-kids-and-family-group-puts-a-digital-spin-on-classic-hasbro-games-featuring-dora-the-explorer-and-spongebob-squarepants-58463892.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[The Game of Life|Life]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Onyett|first=Charles|title=The Game of Life -SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/10/the-game-of-life-spongebob-squarepants-edition-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 10, 2008}}</ref> and [[Operation (game)|Operation]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Ward|first=Kate|title=Hasbro lets us operate on SpongeBob. Which TV character would you like to get inside?|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=November 28, 2009|archive-date=2009-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204035456/http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as a ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' edition of [[Ants in the Pants]],<ref>{{cite web|title=ANTS IN THE SQUARE PANTS|url=http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622093031/http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Yahtzee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AHTZEE Jr. SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Card Game|url=http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620001213/http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' signed a marketing deal wi [[Target Corporation]] and Burger King, expanding its merchandising.<ref name="The Stretch"/> The popularity of SpongeBob haes translated well intae sales figures. In 2002, SpongeBob SquarePants dolls sauld at a rate of 75,000 per week, which wis faster than [[Tickle Me Elmo]] dolls war selling at the time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-spongebob.htm|title=Life's good for SpongeBob|last=Strauss|first=Gary|date=May 17, 2002|work=USA Today |accessdate=November 8, 2008|archiveurl=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-sponge-bob.htm|archivedate=May 21, 2013}}</ref> SpongeBob haes gained popularity in Japan, specifically wi Japanese weemen. Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom purposefully targeted marketing at weemen in the kintra. Skeptics initially doubted that SpongeBob coud be popular in Japan, as the character's design is very different from already popular designs for [[Hello Kitty]] and [[Pikachu]].<ref name="SFGate">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/01/24/entertainment/e091755S47.DTL |title=SpongeBob Goes Trendy to Win Japan Fans |last=Kageyama |first=Yuri |date=January 24, 2007 |publisher=''[[The San Francisco Chronicle]]'' |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405192838/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2007%2F01%2F24%2Fentertainment%2Fe091755S47.DTL |archivedate=April 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Ratings and merchandise sales showed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes caught on wi parents and wi college audiences.<ref name=LADN/> In a recent promotion, college-oriented website Music.com gae away 80,000 ''SpongeBob'' T-shirts, fower times mair nor during a seemilar promotion for [[Comedy Central]]'s ''[[South Park]]''.<ref name=LADN>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=March 8, 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Kids' meal tie-ins hae been released in snacks and [[fast food restaurant]]s in mony pairts of the world, includin Burger King in Europe and North America, as well as [[Wendy's]] in North America, an [[Hungry Jack's]] in Australie. A [[McDonald's]] [[Happy Meal]] tie-in wi SpongeBob-themed Happy Meal boxes and toys wis released in Europe and ither international markets in the simmer of 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.megamodo.com/200711368-spongebob-con-lhappy-meal-mcdonalds/&ei=RtliSsjdCceBtgf15oD6Dw&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSpongebob%2Bcon%2Bl%25E2%2580%2599Happy%2BMeal%2BMcDonald%25E2%2580%2599s%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1B2GGFB_enUS223US224 |title=SponbgeBob SquarePants Happy Meal |accessdate= |date= |work=Megamodo}}</ref> In Australie, the advertisement for the McDonald's ''SpongeBob'' Happy Meal won the [[Pester power|Pester Power]] Award acause the ads are entice young children to want its food acause of the free toy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stark|first=Jill|title=Maccas takes out 'pester power' prize|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/maccas-takes-out-pester-power-prize/2007/10/04/1191091281190.html|work=The Age|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 5, 2007|location=Melbourne}}</ref> As a tie-in beverage for the DVD release of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', [[7-Eleven]] released the leemitit edition "Under-the-Sea Pineapple [[Slurpee]]" in Mairch 2004.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meitner|first=Sarah Hale|title=Slurpee Galaxy Expands With Nod To 'Star Wars'|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2005-03-02/news/0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors|work=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 2, 2005|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.orlandosentinel.com%2F2005-03-02%2Fnews%2F0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors&date=2013-05-24|archivedate=2013-05-24|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pirate's Booty]] released leemitit edition ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Pirate's Booty snacks in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Pirates Booty $1 at Target|url=http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|publisher=Totally Target|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 30, 2013|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501235155/http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SplashPants Sweepstakes 5/31/13 1PPD4-14|url=http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|publisher=Sweetis Sweeps|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327205612/http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, heich-end ''SpongeBob''-themed electronics hae been introduced by [[Imation]] Electronics Products unner the Npower brand, includin MP3 players, digital cameras, a DVD player, an a [[flat panel display|flatscreen]] television.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Veneziani|first1=Vince|title=Nickelodeon's NPower Lineup Of Electronics|url=http://techcrunch.com/2007/09/27/nickelodeons-npower-lineup-of-electronics/|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=June 28, 2014|date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> Pictures of SpongeBob SquarePants an aa began to appear on the labels of 8 oz. cans of [[Green Giant]] cut green beans and frozen packages of Green Giant green beans and butter sauce, which featurt free stickers in 2007 as pairt of an initiative to encourage kids to eat thair vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |title=Nickelodeon Expands Healthy Food Initiative with Green Giant |publisher=Promomagazine.com |date=May 31, 2007 |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |archive-date=2010-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230024017/http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Simmons Jewelry Co. released a $75,000 diamond pendant as pairt o a ''SpongeBob'' collection.<ref name=Pendant>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=High Fashion Hits Bikini Bottom|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=''Viacom''|date=January 14, 2009|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024030133/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|url-status=dead}}</ref> In New Zealand, the UK-based Beechdean Group unveiled the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Vanilla Ice Cream character product as pairt o a licence deal wi Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Vanilla Ice Cream|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-vanilla-ice-cream#.UbcBjOcwe5J|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 22, 2013}}</ref> NZ Drinks launched the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' bottled water.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Spring Water|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-spring-water#.UbcBF-cwe5I|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=June 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Build-A-Bear Workshop]] introduced the new ''SpongeBob SqaurePants'' collection in stores and online in North America on Mey 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dedman|first=Christie|title=Build A Bear SpongeBob Square Pants coming May 17|url=http://blog.al.com/bargain-mom/2013/04/build_a_bear_spongebob_square.html|publisher=AL.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Makes a Splash with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130515005084/en/Build-A-Bear-Workshop-Splash-SpongeBob-SquarePants-Collection|publisher=BusinessWire|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear welcomes the SpongeBob gang|url=http://www.retailingtoday.com/article/build-bear-welcomes-spongebob-gang|work=Retailing Today|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> Shoppers can dress thair SpongeBob and Patrick plush in a variety of claedin and accessories. Sandy Cheeks and Gary the Snail are an aa available as pre-stuffed minis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Edel|first=Ray|title=Make a splash with new SpongeBob SquarePants Collection at Build-A-Bear|url=http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|publisher=NorthJersey.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001122705/http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Build-A-Bear Workshop stores nationwide celebrated the arrival of SpongeBob wi a series of special events from Mey 17 throu Mey 19.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mierzejewski|first=Ali|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Meets Bikini Bottom with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://toybook.com/build-a-bear-workshop-meets-bikini-bottom-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection/|publisher=Toy Book|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> On Julie 13, 2013, [[Toyota]], wi Nickelodeon, unveiled a ''SpongeBob''-inspired [[Toyota Highlander]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Burden|first=Melissa|title=Toyota creates one-of-a-kind SpongeBob Highlander|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|work=Detroit News|accessdate=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713100514/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2014 Toyota Highlander wis launched on SpongeBob Day at the [[2013 San Diego Padres season|San Diego's Giants v. Padres game]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Megan|title=Introducing the 2014 SpongeBob SquarePants Toyota Highlander|url=http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|publisher=Automotive.com|accessdate=16 July 2013|date=15 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717194545/http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Busis|first=Hillary|title=SpongeBob Square...Car? Check out the cartoon's new 'concept vehicle' – EXCLUSIVE|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714103855/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brindusescu|first=Gabriel|title=Toyota to Unveil 2014 Highlander SpongeBob Edition [Video]|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/toyota-blog/toyota-to-unveil-2014-highlander-spongebob-edition-video-63013.html|work=Auto Evolution|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013}}</ref> The ''SpongeBob'' Toyota Highlander visited seiven U.S. locations during its release, includin the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando in Florida.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barari|first=Arman|title=SpongeBob-Themed Toyota Highlander by Nickelodeon|url=http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|publisher=Motor Ward|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112340/http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Footnotes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Works cited=== * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Banks|first=Steven|others=Schigiel, Gregg (Illustrator)|title=SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=https://archive.org/details/spongebobexposed0000bank|publisher=Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon| date=September 24, 2004|isbn=978-0-689-86870-2}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Experience: A Deep Dive Into the World of Bikini Bottom|year=2013|publisher=Insight Editions|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPRymAEACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|ref=harv|title=Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies|url=https://archive.org/details/makintoonsinside0000neuw| publisher=Allworth Communications, Inc|last=Neuwirth |first=Allan|isbn=1-58115-269-8|year=2003}} * {{cite book|last=Priebe|first=Kenneth A.|title=The Advanced Art of Stop-Motion Animation|year=2011|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-4354-5704-8|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |ref=harv| last =Lenburg | first =Jeff | title =Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award Winning and Legendary Animators |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinanimate0000lenb| publisher =Hal Leonard | year =2006 | isbn = 1-55783-671-X}} ==External links== * {{Wikiquote-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title|id=0206512}} * {{TV.com show|spongebob-squarepants|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{dmoz|Kids_and_Teens/Entertainment/Animation/Cartoons/SpongeBob_SquarePants|''SpongeBob SquarePants''}} * [http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html ''SpongeBob SquarePants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209054354/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html |date=2012-12-09 }} at the [[Big Cartoon DataBase]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}} [[Category:1990s American televeesion series]] [[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]] [[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:Childer's televeesion series]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] [[Category:Unnerwatter feection]] 5p6004wk5ymclt52zdex3oy2cy3yanb 918531 918530 2026-06-20T18:20:58Z CiphriusKane 74958 Rv; garbled owersettin incluidin non-Scots text an mishanterins wi the owersettins, disna leuk lik ony soorcin wis gien aither 918531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noscots}} {{Infobox television | show_name = SpongeBob SquarePants | image = SBSP logo.png | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * Comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref> *Slapstick *Surreal humor}} | runtime = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)<br />22 minutes (special episodes anly) | creautor = [[Stephen Hillenburg]] | developer = {{Plainlist| * [[Derek Drymon]] * [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]] * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] }} | creative_director = {{Plainlist| * Derek Drymon <small>(1999–2004)</small> * [[Vincent Waller]] <small>(2005–15)</small> }} | opentheme = "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme", performed by [[Patrick Pinney]] | endtheme = "SpongeBob Closing Theme", written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr | theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon<br />Mark Harrison<br />Stephen Hillenburg<br />Blaise Smith | composer = Steve Belfer<br />Nicolas Carr<br />Sage Guyton<br />Jeremy Wakefield<br />Brad Carow <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[The Blue Hawaiians]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />Eban Schletter <small>(2000–present)</small><br />Barry Anthony <small>(2006–15)</small> | vyces = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Kenny]] * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] * [[Rodger Bumpass]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Mr. Lawrence]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * ([[List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members|Complete list]]) }} | kintra = United States | leid = Inglis | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | picture_format = {{Plainlist| * [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | audio_format = {{Plainlist| * Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|05|01}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | num_seasons = 13 <!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--> | num_episodes = <onlyinclude>278</onlyinclude> | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Stephen Hillenburg * [[Paul Tibbitt]] <small>(2008–17)</small> * <small>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2006–08)</small> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Donna Castricone <small>(1999–2002)</small> * Helen Kafatic <small>(2002–04)</small> * Anne Michaud <small>(2001)</small> * Dina Buteyn <small>(2005–10)</small> * Jennie Monica Hammond <small>(2010–present)</small> * <small>'''Supervising Producers:'''</small> * Derek Drymon <small>(2002–04)</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2005–15)</small> * Marc Ceccarelli <small>(2015–present)</small> * Vincent Waller <small>(2015–present)</small> }} | list_episodes = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[United Plankton Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Rough Draft Korea (animation service) }} | distributor = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)<br />[[Paramount Television]] | relatit = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' | website = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants }} '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series chronicles the adventures an endeavors o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various friends in the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it mak a [[media franchise]], as well as the heichest rated series tae ever air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distributed property o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--> As of 2024, the media franchise haes generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> Mony of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which Hillenburg creatit in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}</ref> He began developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 upon the cancellation of ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny]], who haed worked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreeginally going tae be named ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'', but thir war baith changed, as the name wis already trademarked. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airing of the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards]]. The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes received warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its seicont season. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in theaters on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series began airing its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth season]], beginnin wi the episode "Whirly Brains". In Mey 2017, the show wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t season. The series haes won a variety of awards, includin six [[Annie Award]]s, aicht [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|Golden Reel Awards]], twa [[Emmy Award]]s, 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]], and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Awards]]. Despite its widespread popularity, the series haes been involved in several public controversies, includin ane centred on speculation over SpongeBob's intendit sexual orientation, an anither focusing on the perceived declining quality of the show's content syne the release of the first film. In 2011, a newly describit species of fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named efter the cartoon's title character. ==Premise== ===Characters=== {{Main article|List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters}} The series revolves aroond its title character and his various friends. [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|SpongeBob SquarePants]] is an energetic and optimistic [[sponge|sea sponge]] (awtho his appearance more closely resembles a [[sponge (material)|kitchen sponge]]) who lifes in a [[sea pineapple]] and loves his job as a fry cook at the [[Krusty Krab]]. He haes a pet [[snail]], [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Gary the Snail|Gary]], who meows lik a cat. Livin twa houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend [[Patrick Star]], a dim-witted yet friendly pink [[starfish]] who lifes unner a rock. Despite his mental setbacks, Patrick still sees himsel as intelligent.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Squidtastic Voyage|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=75a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=October 6, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, Dani Michaeli}}</ref> [[Squidward Tentacles]] is SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-wirker at the Krusty Krab.<ref name=Brown/> Squidward is an arrogant and ill-tempered [[octopus]] who lifes in an Easter Island [[moai]] and dislikes his neighbors (especially SpongeBob) for thair childlike behaviour. He enjoys playin the [[clarinet]] and painting self-portraits, but hates his job as a [[cashier]]. Anither close friend of SpongeBob is [[Sandy Cheeks]], a [[squirrel]]<!-- Do nae put what kynd of squirrel Sandy is wioot a reliable source. --> from Texas.<ref name=Texas>{{cite episode|title=Texas|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=18a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 22, 2000|credits=Writers: [[Sherm Cohen]], [[Vincent Waller]], David Fain}}</ref> She is a scientist and an expert in [[karate]].<ref>{{cite episode|title=Chimps Ahoy|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=70b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 5, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, [[Steven Banks]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=Karate Choppers|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=14b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=December 31, 1999|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[Erik Wiese]], [[Merriwether Williams]]}}</ref> She lifes in an oak tree entrapped in a clear gless dome locked by an airtight, haund-turned seal. When ootside of her dwelling, she wears an [[astronaut]]-lik suit acause she canna breathe underwater.<ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Arthur|title=Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!|year=2008|publisher=Arthur Brown|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-oi8LiETHIC&pg=PA85&dq=Krusty+Krab#v=onepage&q=Krusty%20Krab&f=false}}</ref> [[Mr. Krabs]], a miserly [[crab]] obsessed wi money, is the ainer of the Krusty Krab restaurant and SpongeBob's boss.<ref name=Brown/> Krabs haes a teenage whale dochter named [[Mr. Krabs#Pearl|Pearl]], whom he values equally wi his riches.{{sfn|Beck|2013|page=84}} His rival, [[Plankton (character)|Plankton]], is a smaw green [[copepod]] who ains a law-rank [[fast-food]] restaurant cried the Chum Bucket, locatit across the street from the Krusty Krab.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Komputer Overload|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=6|number=118b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 19, 2009|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], Richard Pursel}}</ref> Plankton spends maist of his time planning to steal the secret recipe for Mr. Krabs's popular Krabby Patty burgers, sae as to gain the upper haund and put the Krusty Krab out of business.<ref name="Hist">{{cite episode|title=Krusty Krab Training Video|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=3|number=50b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 10, 2002|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[C. H. Greenblatt]], [[Kent Osborne]]}}</ref> The majority of Plankton's plans come from his intelligent yet sarcastic computer wife [[Plankton (character)#Karen|Karen]], who is more competent and less conceited than him. When SpongeBob is nae wirkin at the Krusty Krab, he can eften be foond at [[Mrs. Puff]]'s boating schuil (the underwater equivalent o a [[driver's education]] course). SpongeBob is perpetually unable to pass Mrs. Puff's exams, which is why he awmaist ayeweys walks aroond toun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/medien/spongebob-das-kind-im-schwamme/1209130.html|title=SpongeBob: Das Kind im Schwamme|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|publisher=[[Dieter von Holtzbrinck]]|date=December 4, 2008|last=Sichtermann|first=Barbara}}</ref> Ither recurring characters appear throughout the series, sic as the muscular lifeguard of Goo Lagoon, [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Larry the Lobster|Larry the Lobster]]; a pirate [[Ghost|specter]] kent as the [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#The Flying Dutchman|Flying Dutchman]]; and retired superheroes [[Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy]], who are idolized by SpongeBob and Patrick. Most dooble-lenth episodes of the show are hosted by a [[live action]] pirate named [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Patchy|Patchy]] and his pet parrot [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Potty|Potty]], whose segments are presented in a [[dual narrative]] wi the animated stories.<ref>{{cite news|title=Critic's corner|author=Bianco, Robert|date=March 21, 2003|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|page=12E}}</ref> SpongeBoab Petrick Starn Saundy Erse Squeedward Mister Kruben Purl Kruben Wummin hae daes th boatin schuil ===Setting=== The series predominantly taks place in the [[benthic]] underwater city o Bikini Bottom which, accordin to some [[third-party source]]s, is locatit in the [[Pacific Ocean]] beneath the real-life [[coral reef]] kent as [[Bikini Atoll]].<ref>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=30 October 2013|date=8 March 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="QSR">{{Cite news|url=http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |title=Burger King SpongeBob SquarePants |accessdate=August 19, 2010 |work=QSR Magazone |date=June 7, 2001 |author=QSR Staff |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021075539/http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |archivedate=October 21, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In 2015, Tom Kenny confirmt that the fictitious city wis named efter Bikini Atoll, but deniet an Internet fan theory that connectit the series' characters to actual [[Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll|nuclear testing that occurred in the atoll]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bradley|first=Bill|date=10 Feb 2015|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Answers 7 Big Questions And Debunks 1 Popular Theory|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/07/spongebob-squarepants-theory_n_6627556.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref> The ceetizens live in maistly aquatic-themed buildings and uise "boatmobiles", amalgamations of cars and [[boat]]s, as a mode of transportation. Recurring establishments present in Bikini Bottom include twa competin restaurants, the Krusty Krab an the Chum Bucket; Mrs. Puff's Boating School; and Shady Shoals Rest Home. Goo Lagoon, a popular beach hangout, is within the vicinity of the city, as is Jellyfish Fields. Thare are an aa a few episodes wi businesses sic as the grocery store, joke store, an mattress store. When the crew began production on the pilot, thay war tasked wi designing the stock locations whaur "the show would return to again and again, and in which most of the action would take place, such as the Krusty Krab and SpongeBob's pineapple house".<ref name=PittengerHA>{{cite news | author = Pittenger, Kenny | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the series wis "to keep everything nautical", sae the crew uised a great amount of rope, widden planks, ships' wheels, netting, anchors, boilerplates, an rivets in creautin the show's setting. Bubbles filing up the screen is an aa a nautical technique uised to transition from scene to scene.<ref name=PittengerHA/> The series features "sky flowers" as a main setting material.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Thay first appeared in the pilot and hae syne acome a common featur throughout the series.<ref name=PittengerHA/> When series background designer Kenny Pittenger wis asked what thay war, he answered, "They function as clouds in a way, but since the show takes place underwater, they aren't really clouds".<ref name=PittengerHA/> Syne the series wis influenced by [[tiki]], the background painters hae to uise a lot of pattern.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Pittenger said that the sky flouers war meant to "evoke the look of a flower-print Hawaiian shirt".<ref name=PittengerHA/> ==Development== ===Early inspirations=== [[File:Ocean Institute, aerial shot, cropped.png|thumb|left|Afore creautin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', Stephen Hillenburg taught marine biology to visitors of the [[Ocean Institute]] (locatit in [[Dana Point, California]]).<ref name="Ocean Institute" />]] Series creautor [[Stephen Hillenburg]] first became fascinated wi the ocean as a bairn. An aa at a young age, he began developin his artistic abilities. Houiver, thir twa interests wad nae coincide for a lang time—the idea of drawing fish seemed boring to him. During college, he majored in [[marine biology]] and minored in airt. Efter graduatin in 1984, he jynt the [[Ocean Institute]], an organisation in [[Dana Point, California]], dedicated to educating the public about [[marine science]] and [[maritime history]].<ref name="Ocean Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocean-institute.org/|title=Welcome to the Ocean Institute|work=ocean-institute.org|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Big Pop Fun">{{cite interview |people = [[Thomas F. Wilson|Wilson, Thomas F.]](Interviewer); Hillenburg, Stephen (Interviewee) |date = May 29, 2012 |title = Big Pop Fun #28: Stephen Hillenburg, Artist and Animator–Interview |url = http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2&c_id=4560686 |format = mp3 |medium = Podcast |publisher = [[Nerdist Industries]] |accessdate = December 21, 2013 |archive-date = 2013-12-21 |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6M1QBJ1BZ?url=http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2 |url-status = dead }}</ref> While Hillenburg wis thare, he creatit a precursor to ''SpongeBob SquarePants'': a comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which wis uised by the institute to teach veesitin students about the [[Tide pool#Life in the tide pool|ainimal life of tide pools]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> The comic starred various [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] sea lifeforms, mony of which wad evolve intae ''SpongeBob'' characters.{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}} Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, but none of the companies to which he sent it war interested.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> ===Conception=== [[File:Stephen Hillenburg by Carlos Cazurro.jpg|250px|thumb|left| Stephen Hillenburg, creautor of SpongeBob SquarePants]] During his time o' employment at the Ocean Institute, Hillenburg attended an animation festival and determined that he wanted to pursue a career in that field. He haed already been planning on returning to college for a master's degree in airt. Insteid, he chose to study experimental animation at the [[California Institute of the Arts]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> His thesis film, ''Wormholes'', is about the theory of relativity.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants">{{cite AV media|last1=Hillenburg|first1=Stephen|last2=Murray|first2=Joe|last3=Drymon|first3=Derek|last4=Coleman|first4=Eric|last5=Hecht|first5=Albie|date=2003|title=The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It wis screened at festivals, an at ane of thir, Hillenburg met [[Joe Murray (animator)|Joe Murray]], creautor of the popular [[Nickelodeon]] animated series, ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Murray wis impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a job.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons">{{Harvard citation|Neuwirth|2003|page=50–51}}</ref> Hillenburg jynt the series as a director and later, during the [[List of Rocko's Modern Life episodes#Season 4 (1996)|fowert season]], he teuk on the roles of producer and [[creative director]].{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}}<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="TrainorMurray">{{cite interview|subject=Joe Murray|interviewer=Lisa Kiczuk Trainor|title=Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life|url=http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|work=The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ|access-date=2017-05-31|archive-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150420193919/http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Martin Olson]], ane of the writers for ''Rocko's Modern Life'', read ''The Intertidal Zone'' and encouraged Hillenburg to creaut a television series wi a seemilar concept. At that point, Hillenburg haed nae even considered creautin his ain series. Houiver, he realized that if he ever did, this wad be the best approach.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=10}} He began to faur develop some of the characters from ''The Intertidal Zone'', includin the comic's "announcer", Bob the Sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> He wanted his series to staund out from maist popular cartoons of the time, which he felt war exemplified by [[Buddy comedy|buddy comedies]] sic as ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]''. As a result, Hillenburg decidit to focus on ane main character: the weirdest sea creature that he coud think of. This led him tae the sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> Bob the Sponge resembles an actual sea sponge, an at first Hillenburg continued this design.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name= "Makin' Toons"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}} In determining the new character's personality, Hillenburg drew inspiration from innocent, childlike figures that he enjoyed, sic as [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[Laurel and Hardy]], [[Jerry Lewis]], and [[Pee-wee Herman]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="Banks pg. 30">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=30}}</ref><ref name=cartoonician>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Hogan's Alley|accessdate=August 28, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then considered modelin the character efter a kitchen sponge and realized that this idea wad perfectly match the character's square personality.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/> To vyce the central character of the series, Hillenburg turned to [[Tom Kenny]], whose career in animation haed stairtit alongside Hillenburg's on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Elements of Kenny's ain personality war employed in faur developin the character.<ref name="Excitable">{{cite news|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|newspaper=[[Tampa Bay Times|St Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=November 8, 2008|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Radio2">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=2008-11-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Initially, Hillenburg wanted to uise the name SpongeBoy&nbsp;— the character wad hae haed no last name, an the series wad hae been cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!''{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}}<ref name="Radio"/> Houiver, the Nickelodeon legal department discovered&nbsp;— efter vyce actin haed been completit for the oreeginal seiven-minute pilot episode&nbsp;— that the name "SpongeBoy" wis already in uise for a mop product.<ref name="Radio"/> ''[[Flaming Carrot Comics]]'' creautor [[Bob Burden]] an aa owned the trademark to a character of the same name.<ref name=OralHistory/> In choosing a replacement name, Hillenburg felt that he still haed to uise the wird "Sponge", sae that viewers wad nae mistake the character for a "Cheese Man". He settled on the name "SpongeBob". "SquarePants" wis then chosen as a faimily name efter Kenny saw a picture of the character and remarked, "Boy, look at this sponge in square pants, thinking he can get a job in a fast food place."<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/> Hillenburg loved the phrase upon hearing Kenny say it and felt that it wad reinforce the character's nerdiness.<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/><ref name="Neuwirth 2003, p. 51">{{harvnb|Neuwirth|2003|page=51}}</ref> ===Pitching=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=34em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The execs from Nickelodeon flew out to [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], and we [[pitch (filmmaking)|pitched]] it to them from the [[storyboard]]s. We had squeezy toys, wore Hawaiian shirts and used a boom box to play the [[Tiny Tim (musician)|Tiny Tim]] song ['[[Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight]]'] that comes on in the third act. We really went all out in that pitch because we knew the pilot lived or died by if the execs lauched. When it was over, they walked out of the room to discuss it. We figured they would fly back to New York and we'd hear in a few weeks. We were surprised when they came back in what seemed like minutes and said they wanted to make it". |source=— [[Derek Drymon]]<ref name="DrymonHA"/> }} In 1997, while pitching the cartoon to Nickelodeon executives, Hillenburg donned a Hawaiian sark, brocht alang an "underwater [[Vivarium|terrarium]] with models of the characters", and played Hawaiian music to set the theme. The setup wis describit by Nickelodeon executive [[Eric Coleman (producer)|Eric Coleman]] as "pretty amazing".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> When thay war gien money and twa weeks to write the pilot episode "[[Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Help Wanted]]",<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Derek Drymon]], Stephen Hillenburg, an [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] returned wi what wis describit by Nickelodeon offeecial [[Albie Hecht]] as, "a performance [he] wished [he] had on tape".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> Awtho executive producer Derek Drymon describit the pitch as stressful, he said it went "very well".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Kevin Kay]] and Hecht haed to step ootside acause thay war "exhausted from lauching", which worried the cartoonists.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> In an interview, [[Cyma Zarghami]], the current president of Nickelodeon, said, "their [Nickelodeon executives'] immediate reaction was to see it again, both because they liked it and it was unlike anything they'd ever seen before".<ref name="Huffington"/> Zarghami wis ane of fower executives in the room whan ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' wis screened for the first time.<ref name="Huffington"/> ==Production== ===Executive producers and showrunners=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=24em|style=max-width:40% |quote="It reached a point where I felt I'd contributed a lot and said what I wanted to say. At that point, the show needed new blood, and so I selected Paul [Tibbitt] to produce. I totally trusted him. I always enjoyed the way he captured the SpongeBob character's sense of humor. And as a writer, you have to move on—I'm developing new projects". |source=—[[Stephen Hillenburg]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=Childhood/> }} Series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haes served as the executive producer over the course of the series' entire history, an functioned as the [[showrunner]] from the series' debut in 1999 until 2004. The series went on [[hiatus (television)|hiatus]] in 2002, efter Hillenburg halted production to wirk on a featur film of the series, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''.<ref name=OralHistory>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|date=September 21, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2013|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]|author=Heintjes, Tom|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ance the film wis finalized an the third season finished, Hillenburg resigned as the series' showrunner. Awtho he no langer haes a direct role in the production of the series, he still maintains an advisory role and reviews each episode.<ref name=Huffington>{{cite news|last=Bauder|first=David|title=SpongeBob Turns 10 Valued At $8 Billion|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208163834/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|archivedate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Reaches A Milestone: 10 Years|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|work=Access Hollywood|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030154235/http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the film wis completit, Hillenburg intendit for it tae be the [[series finale]], "so [the show] wouldn't [[jump the shark]]." Houiver, Nickelodeon wanted more episodes,<ref name=OralHistory/> sae Hillenburg appyntit [[Paul Tibbitt]], who previously served on the show as a writer, director, an storyboard artist, to tak over his role as showrunner and produce faur seasons.<ref name=Tibbitt>{{cite web|last=Fletcher|first=Alex|title=Paul Tibbitt ('SpongeBob SquarePants')|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=April 3, 2011|archive-date=2013-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031235346/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hillenburg considered Tibbitt ane of his favorite members of the show's crew,<ref name=Hilleburg1>{{cite video | people=Hillenburg, Stephen|date=2009|title=The First 100 Episodes&nbsp;— Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants|medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> and "totally trusted him".<ref name=Childhood/> Tibbitt still holds the showrunner poseetion, an haes an aa functioned as a supervising producer syne 2005 and an executive producer syne 2008.<ref name="Tibbitt"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Rae|first=Fiona|title=Paul Tibbitt interview|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/television/paul-tibbitt-interview/|work=New Zealand Listener|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=September 26, 2009}}</ref> On December 13, 2014, it wis annoonced that Hillenburg wad return tae the series in an unspecified poseetion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/tv/spongebob-creator-stephen-hillenburg-returning-to-his-show-106935.html|author=Amid Amidi|title='SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg Returning to His Show|work=[[Cartoon Brew]]|date=December 13, 2014|accessdate=December 17, 2014}}</ref> ===Writing=== For ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' a team of five outline and premise writers creates the initial storylines. Writer [[Luke Brookshier]] said, "''SpongeBob'' is written differently than many television shows".<ref name=Producin>{{cite web|title=Interview with Luke Brookshier, SpongeBob SquarePants Storyboard Director|url=http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|publisher=4Mations|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=September 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323112314/http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|archivedate=March 23, 2012}}</ref> Writing for an episode of the series starts wi a twa-page outline. A storyboard director then takes the outline and develops it intae a full episode&nbsp;— jokes and dialogue are added during this stage.<ref name=Producin/><ref name=Williams>{{cite web|title=Writer Appreciation Day 2: Merriwether Williams|url=http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|work=The Round Stable|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=August 15, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622073845/http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anither writer for the series, [[Merriwether Williams]], describit in an interview that she and [[Mr. Lawrence]] wad write a draft for an episode in an afternoon and be done at 4 o'clock.<ref name=Williams/> Hillenburg decidit early on, prior to stairtin the production of the series, that he wanted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' tae be storyboard-driven, rather than [[screenplay|script]]-driven.<ref name=TomHA>{{cite news | author = Heintjes, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> This required an approach in which artists "would take a skeletal story outline and flesh it out with sight gags, dialogue and a structure that would strike a balance between narrative and whimsy".<ref name=TomHA/> Hillenburg oreeginally wanted "a team of young and hungry people" to wirk on the series.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The primary figures, who haed previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', consisted of [[Alan Smart]], Nick Jennings, an Derek Drymon.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Heid writer [[Steven Banks]] said, "The writers come up with an idea and write premises and outlines describing the story, and the storyboarders (who are also writers) write the dialogue while they draw the storyboard panels. Most other shows are script-driven. We don't write scripts and that has made all the difference!"<ref name=StevenB>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Bikini Bottom Confessions|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/bikini-bottom-confessions/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> The writing staff eften uised thair individual life experiences for inspirations to come up wi the storylines of the series' episodes.<ref name=DrymonHA/><ref name=Childhood>{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=The Interview: 'SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2012-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006111645/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For ensaumple, the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", in which SpongeBob and [[Patrick Star|Patrick]] learn [[profanity]],<ref name=Childhood/> wis inspired by [[creative director]] Derek Drymon's experience of getting in trouble as a bairn for uisin [[Fuck|the f-wird]] in front of his mither.<ref name=DrymonHA/> Drymon said, "The scene where Patrick is running to [[Mr. Krabs]] to tattle, with SpongeBob chasing him, is pretty much how it happened in real life".<ref name=DrymonHA/> The end of the episode, in which Mr. Krabs uses even more profanity than SpongeBob and Patrick, wis inspired "by the fact that my [Drymon's] mother has a sailor mouth herself".<ref name=DrymonHA>{{cite news | author = Drymon, Derek | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the episode "The Secret Box" an aa came from ane of Drymon's childhood experiences.<ref name=Childhood/><ref name=WilliamsHA>{{cite news | author = Williams, Merriwether | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Hillenburg explained, "Drymon had a secret box [as a kid] and started telling us about it. We wanted to make fun of him ''and'' use it."<ref name=Childhood/> Awmaist every episode is dividit intae twa 11-minute segments. Hillenburg explained that "[I] never really wanted to deliberately try to write a half-hour show".<ref name=Childhood/> He added, "I wrote the shows to where they felt right".<ref name=Childhood/> Each 11-minute segment takes about five month to produce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/639616200775888896|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/726440072145334273|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> ===Voice actors=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Steve described SpongeBob to me as childlike and naïve. He's not quite an adult, he's not quite a kid. Think a [[Stan Laurel]], [[Jerry Lewis]] kind of child-man. Kind of like a [[Munchkin]] but not quite, kind of like a kid, but not in a [[Charlie Brown]] child's voice on the TV shows". |source=— Tom Kenny<ref name=cartoonician/> }} ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes six main cast members: [[Tom Kenny]], [[Bill Fagerbakke]], [[Rodger Bumpass]], [[Clancy Brown]], [[Carolyn Lawrence]], and [[Mr. Lawrence]]. Kenny provides the vyces of SpongeBob SquarePants, his pet snail Gary, the French Narrator, Harold SquarePants, Patchy the Pirate, an the Dirty Bubble. Kenny previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' and, whan Hillenburg creatit ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', he approached Kenny to vyce the character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The vyce of SpongeBob wis oreeginally uised by Kenny for a minor background character in ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=Radio /> Kenny says that SpongeBob's heich-pitched lauch wis specifically creatit tae be unique. Thay wanted an annoying lauch in the tradeetion of [[Popeye]] and [[Woody Woodpecker]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|title=SpongeBob's Alter Ego|date=December 30, 2002|publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220220843/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fagerbakke vyces Patrick Star<ref name=Star>{{cite web|last=Crump|first=Steve|title=COLUMN: Do you remember Bill Fagerbakke? He's a star|url=http://magicvalley.com/news/local/article_77dc5ce6-783d-5532-baf1-b09328b232db.html|work=Magic Valley|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 19, 2009}}</ref> and ither miscellaneous characters. At the same time whan Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, an Tim Hill war writing the pilot "Help Wanted", Hillenburg wis an aa conducting auditions to find vyces for the characters.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Fagerbakke auditioned for the role of Patrick efter Kenny haed been cast.<ref name=Fagerbakkevoice>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=Being Patrick Star: Toonzone Interviews Bill Fagerbakke on ''SpongeBob SquarePants''|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Toon Zone|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=November 11, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219000346/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|archivedate=December 19, 2013}}</ref> In an interview, Fagerbakke compared himsel tae the character and said, "It's extremely gratifying".<ref name=FagerbakkeInt>{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Patrick|title="Transformers:Animated"/"Spongebob Squarepants"/"Coach" – Bill Fagerbakke (2008)|url=http://www.thecultureshock.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=802&Itemid=44|work=The Culture Shock|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 14, 2008}}</ref> Fagerbakke modeled his performance whenever Patrick is angry efter that of American actress [[Shelley Winters]].<ref name="Banks, p. 33">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=33}}</ref> Bumpass performs the vyce of Squidward Tentacles and ither miscellaneous characters. Arthur Brown, author of ''Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!'', haes compared Squidward's vyce to that of [[Jack Benny]]'s,<ref name=Brown/> a similarity Bumpass says is maistly unintentional.<ref name=Bumpass>{{cite web|last=Reardon|first=Samantha|title=Rodger Bumpass is Squidward Tentacles|url=http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|work=[[The Signal (college newspaper)|The Signal]]|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 8, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328111302/http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|archivedate=March 28, 2014}}</ref> Hillenburg oreeginally haed Mr. Lawrence in mind for the role of voicing Squidward.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Clancy Brown provides the vyce of [[Mr. Krabs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clancy Brown: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/clancy-brown/credits/144992|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Carolyn Lawrence provides the vyce of [[Sandy Cheeks]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carolyn-lawrence/credits/212823|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Lawrence got the role of Sandy whan she wis in the [[Los Feliz, Los Angeles|Los Feliz]] neighborhood in Los Angeles. She met Donna Grillo, a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting director]], on a sidewalk. Lawrence wis wi a friend who knew Grillo, an she said Lawrence haed an interestin vyce. Grillo brocht in Lawrence to audeetion and she got the pairt of Sandy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence Exclusive Interview|url=http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|work=The Star Scoop|accessdate=June 14, 2013|date=September 17, 2009|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164232/http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REFANB Interview: Carolyn Lawrence, A.K.A. Ashley Graham|url=http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|work=Resident Evil Fan|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2005-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212032724/http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lawrence modeled her performance of Sandy efter that of American actress [[Holly Hunter]].<ref name="Banks, p. 32">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=32}}</ref> Mr. Lawrence vyces Plankton. Drymon said, "We knew Doug [Lawrence] from ''Rocko'', where he was a storyboard director and where he also did the voice of [[Filburt]]. We were showing Doug the storyboard, and he started reading back to us in his Tony the Tiger/Gregory Peck voice. It was really funny, and we wound up having SpongeBob use a deep voice when he entered the Krusty Krab for the first time".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Hillenburg loved the vyce and decidit to gie Lawrence the pairt of series villain, Plankton.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Aside from Plankton, Mr. Lawrence an aa vyces recurring characters lik Larry Lobster.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr. Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mr-lawrence/credits/185734|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Karen, Mrs. Puff, Pearl, an the Flying Dutchman are voiced by Kenny's wife [[Jill Talley]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Jill Talley: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jill-talley/credits/208596|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[Mary Jo Catlett]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Mary Jo Catlett: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mary-jo-catlett/credits/190527|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[Lori Alan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lori Alan: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lori-alan/credits/216395|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Brian Doyle-Murray]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Brian Doyle-Murray: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/brian-doyle-murray/credits/142746|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> respectively.<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|last=Basile|first=Nancy|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Cast|url=http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|work=Animated TV|publisher=[[About.com]]|accessdate=March 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230115/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|archivedate=April 12, 2013}}</ref> Mr. Krabs' mither, Mama Krabs, who debuted in the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", wis voiced by writer Paul Tibbitt.<ref name="Wiese">{{cite video | people=Wiese, Erik|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Dohrn">{{cite video | people=Dohrn, Walt|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Overtoom">{{cite video | people=Overtoom, Andrew|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> Houiver, vyce actress [[Sirena Irwin]] owerteuk Tibbitt's role as the character reappeared in the fowert-season episode "Enemy In-Law" in 2005.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=September 12, 2006 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Season 4, Vol. 1 | medium=DVD |location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Tom Kenny portrays Patchy the Pirate, the president of the fictional ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' fan club, while series creautor Hillenburg voiced the character of Potty the Parrot.<ref name=S2>{{cite AV media | people= | date=October 19, 2004| title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 2nd Season|medium=DVD|location=United States | publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Efter Hillenburg's departure as showrunner in 2004, Tibbitt wis gien the role in voicing Potty the Parrot.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=April 17, 2007 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Friend or Foe ("[[Friend or Foe (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Friend or Foe]]" credits) | medium=DVD|location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> In addition tae the regular cast, episodes featur guest vyces from mony ranges of professions, includin actors, athletes, authors, musicians, an artists. Recurring guest vyces include: [[Ernest Borgnine]], who voiced Mermaid Man from 1999 until his daith in 2012;<ref>{{cite news|last=Lloyd|first=Robert|title=Ernest Borgnine: From Marty to McHale to Mermaid Man|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/09/entertainment/la-et-st-ernest-borgnine-from-marty-to-mchale-to-mermaid-man-20120709|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 2, 2013|date=July 9, 2012}}</ref> [[Tim Conway]] as the vyce of Barnacle Boy;<ref>{{cite web|title=Tim Conway: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tim-conway/credits/176843|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Marion Ross]] as Grandma SquarePants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marion Ross: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/marion-ross/credits/164469|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Notable guests who hae providit vocal cameo appearances includes [[David Bowie]] as Lord Royal Highness in the television film ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis|Atlantis SquarePantis]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=David Bowie goes out to sea for 'SpongeBob'|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-11-bowie-spongebob_x.htm?csp=27|work=USA Today|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bowie voices SpongeBob character|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6040098.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref> [[John Goodman]] as the vyce of Santa in the episode "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]", [[Johnny Depp]] as the vyce of the surf guru, Jack Kahuna Laguna, in the episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]]",<ref>{{cite web|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|url=http://www.awn.com/news/television/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|publisher=Animation World Network|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=April 1, 2009}}</ref> and [[Victoria Beckham]] as the vyce of Queen Amphitrite in the episode "[[The Clash of Triton]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Devon|title=Victoria Beckham Lends Her Voice to "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=June 17, 2010|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112081319/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Victoria Beckham to star in a new episode of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/victoria-beckham-to-star-in-a-new-episode-228859|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> Voice recording sessions ayeweys include a full cast of actors, which Kenny describes as "getting more unusual".<ref name=KennyHA>{{cite news | author = Kenny, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Kenny said, "That's another thing that's given ''SpongeBob'' its special feel. Everybody's in the same room, doing it old radio-show style. It's how the stuff we like was recorded".<ref name=KennyHA/> Series writer [[Jay Lender]] said, "The recording sessions were always fun ..."<ref name=LenderHA>{{cite news | author = Lender, Jay | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> For the first three seasons, Hillenburg and Drymon sat in on the record studio, an thay directed the actors.<ref name=HammondHA>{{cite news | author = Hammond, Jennie Monica | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the fowert season, [[Andrea Romano]] teuk over the role as the vyce director.<ref name=HammondHA/> Wednesday is recording day, the same schedule followed by the crew syne 1999.<ref name=HammondHA/> Casting supervisor Jennie Monica Hammond said, "I loved Wednesdays".<ref name=HammondHA/> ===Animation=== Approximately 50 fowk wirk thegither in animating and producin an episode of ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=Producin/> Throughout its run, production of the series haes been handled domestically at [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] in [[Burbank, California]], while the finished animation haes been creatit overseas at [[Rough Draft Studios]] in [[Sooth Korea]].<ref name=Childhood/><ref>{{cite web|last=Richmond|first=Ray|title=Special Report: Animation|url=http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 15, 2004|archive-date=2008-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310222309/http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Storyboarding for each episode is done by the crew in California. The storyboards are then uised as templates by the crew in Korea,<ref name=Childhood/> who animate by haund, colour [[cel]]s on computers, an paint backgrounds. Episodes are finished in California, whaur thay are edited and hae music added.<ref name=Producin/> Every season, character designs are updated or modified to solve technical issues in the animation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tibbitt |first=Paul |title=paultibbitt: @gozarfan chars r updated every ... |url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |publisher=Twitter |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=December 9, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LsVIk4v9?url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |archivedate=2013-12-15 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> During the first season, the series uised [[cel animation]].<ref name="Tibbitt" /> A shift wis made the follaein year to [[digital ink and paint]] animation.<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2009, executive producer [[Paul Tibbitt]] said "The first season of ''SpongeBob'' was done the old-fashioned way on cells, and every cell had to be part-painted, left to dry, paint some other colours. It's still a time-consuming aspect of the process now, but the digital way of doing things means it doesn't take long to correct".<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2008, the crew shifted to uisin [[Cintiq|Wacom Cintiqs]] for the drawings insteid of pencils.<ref name=OralHistory/> The [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|fift season]] episode "[[Pest of the West]]" wis the first episode in the series to which the crew applee'd this method.<ref name=OralHistory2>{{cite web|last=Heintjes|first=Tom|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17|publisher=Bull Moose Publishing Corporation|accessdate=September 23, 2013|date=September 21, 2013|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Series background designer Kenny Pittenger said, "The only real difference between the way we draw now and the way we drew then is that we abandoned pencil and paper during the fifth season".<ref name=OralHistory/> The crew began the shift while thay war wirkin on the episode. Pittenger said, "It was while we were working on 'Pest of the West', one of the half-hour specials, that we made the switch ... did you notice?"<ref name=OralHistory/> The shift to Wacom Cintiqs let the designers and animators draw on computer screens and mak immediate changes or undo mistakes. Pittenger said, "Many neo-Luddites—er ... I mean, many of my cohorts—don't like working on them, but I find them useful. There's no substitute for the immediacy of drawing on a piece of paper, of course, but digital nautical nonsense is still pretty fun".<ref name=OralHistory/> Syne 2004, the ''SpongeBob'' crew haes periodically collaborated wi the LA-based animation studio [[Screen Novelties]] to creaut [[stop motion|stop-motion]] sequences for special episodes. The studio produced a brief [[clay animation|claymation]] scene for the climax of the first theatrical film<ref name=Huff2>{{cite news|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants Song Urges Shoppers Not to Be Jerks This Holiday Season|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-hill/spongebob-christmas-album_b_2175828.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=November 23, 2012|first=Jim|last=Hill}}</ref> and wis re-enlisted in 2009 to creaut an exclusive openin for the series' [[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|tenth anniversary special]].<ref name="Production">{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Stop Motion Casts a Spell on SpongeBob|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/stop-motion-casts-a-spell-on-spongebob/|work=[[Animation (magazine)|Animation]]|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 21, 2012}}</ref>{{sfn|Priebe|2011|pages=61–66}} The abominable snaw mollusk, an octopus-lik creature made of clay who acts as the antagonist of the dooble-lenth episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)#ep156|Frozen Face-Off]]," wis an aa animated by the company.<ref name="AWN2012">{{cite web|last=Sarto|first=Dan|title=A Stop-Motion SpongeBob Special Means Christmas Comes Early This Year|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/stop-motion-spongebob-special-means-christmas-comes-early-year|work=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=December 5, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Animation World Network]]'' reportit that "within the ''SpongeBob'' creative team, there was always talk of doing a more involved project together" wi Screen Novelties.<ref name="AWN2012"/> As a result, the group wis asked to creaut an episode animated entirely in stop motion in 2011. This project became "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]”,<ref name=Goodman>{{cite news|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Christmas Special: Stop-Motion 'It's A SpongeBob Christmas' With John Goodman|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/14/spongebob-squarepants-christmas-special_n_1597975.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=December 14, 2012|date=June 14, 2012|first=Jaimie|last=Etkin}}</ref> which reimagined the show's characters as if thay war pairt o a [[Rankin/Bass Productions|Rankin/Bass]] holiday film.<ref name=DD>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Debuts First Full-Length Stop-Motion Special, It's A SpongeBob Christmas!, Dec. 9, At 7:30 p.m. (ET/PT)|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-debuts-first-full-length-stop-motion-special-its-a-spongebob-christmas-dec-9-at-730-pm-etpt-176667241.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 8, 2013|date=October 31, 2012}}</ref> Tom Kenny, who is nae normally involved in the writing process, contreibutit tae the episode's plot; he said in 2012 that he and Nickelodeon "wanted to dae something juist lik thae auld schuil, stop-motion Rankin-Bass holiday specials...which I watched over and over again when I wis a kid growin up in Syracuse."<ref name="Huff2"/> Unconventional materials sic as baking soda, glitter, wid chips and breakfast cereal war uised in mass quantities to creaut the special's sets.<ref name="Production2">{{cite web|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=It's A SpongeBob Stop-Mo Christmas|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/stop-motion/its-a-spongebob-stop-mo-christmas-72872.html|work=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> Members of the Screen Novelties crew received ane win and twa nominations at the [[30th Annie Awards]],<ref name=Annie40>{{cite web |title=40th Annual Annie Awards Winners |url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |work=Annie Award |publisher=[[ASIFA-Hollywood]] |accessdate=April 3, 2014 |year=2013 |author=Staff |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6OY3GYqrs?url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |archivedate=2014-04-03 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> a nomination at the 2013 [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Golden Reel Awards]],<ref name=GRA13a>{{cite web|last=Giardina|first=Carolyn|title=Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/golden-reel-nominees-413536|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 15, 2013|date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> and a nomination at the 2013 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] for animating the episode.<ref>{{cite web|title=TV series Official Selection |url=http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection:c8 |publisher=[[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141556/http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection%3Ac8 |archivedate=April 1, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The team biggit a dowphin puppet named Bubbles, voiced by [[Matt Berry]], for ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|title=Review: Off-The-Wall And Trippy Sequel 'The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out Of Water'|work=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Taylor|first=Drew|date=February 5, 2015|accessdate=April 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603003017/http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sequences involvin Bubbles included a blend of stop motion and traditional animation. A seicont special animated in stop motion, themed aroond Halloween and uisin the same Rankin/Bass-inspired character models, is currently bein produced for [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 11)|season 11]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413154646/http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archivedate=April 13, 2017|title=Nickelodeon Poland Sitemap|work=[[Nickelodeon (Poland)|Nickelodeon Poland]]|publisher=[[Viacom International|Viacom International, Inc.]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BSkU8kLgjOG/?taken-by=kazprapuolenis|title=Kaz Prapuolenis on Instagram|last=Prapuolenis|first=Kaz|author-link=Kaz Prapuolenis|date=April 6, 2017|accessdate=April 13, 2017}}</ref> ===Music=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="[The music haes gone] from maistly [[Sea shanty|sea shanties]] and Hawaiian music à la [[Roy Smeck]] meets [[Pee-wee Herman]]—still the main style for the show—in the early episodes, but it nou includes [[film noir]], ''[[West Side Story]]'' to [[Henry Mancini|[Henry] Mancini]], [[Jerry Goldsmith]] and [[Steven Spielberg|[Steven] Spielberg]]. Thare's Broadway-type scores and plain auld goofy, loopy, weird stuff. I try to push the envelope on this show wioot getting in the wey of the story, and I try to push it up and wey over the top when I can get away wi it, aw the time keepin it as funny and ridiculous as possible." |source=—Music editor Nicolas Carr<ref name=CarrHA>{{cite news | author = Carr, Nicolas | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} The [[theme song]] wis componed by Mark Harrison and Blaise Smith,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/spongebob-squarepants-theme-mt0033331163|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Theme|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=October 30, 2014}}</ref> while the lyrics tae the song war written by series creautor Stephen Hillenburg an the series' oreeginal creative director Derek Drymon. The melody wis inspired by the sea shanty "[[Blow the Man Down]]".<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> An auld [[oil painting]] o a pirate is uised in the openin sequence. It haes been dubbed "Painty the Pirate", and accordin to Tom Kenny, Hillenburg foond it in a thrift shop "years ago".<ref name=Radio/> [[Patrick Pinney]] gies vyce to Painty the Pirate, singing the theme song as the character.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> Hillenburg's lips war imposed onto the painting and muive alang wi the lyrics.<ref name=Radio/> Kenny joked that this is "about as close o a glimpse as maist ''SpongeBob'' fans are ever going to get of Steve Hillenburg", acause of Hillenburg's private naitur.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> A civer of the song by [[Avril Lavigne]] can be foond on the [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie&nbsp;– Music from the Movie and More...|''SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'' soundtrack]].<ref name=Bands>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Avril Lavigne on SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/avril_lavigne_on_spongebob_squarepants.html|publisher=Ultimate-Guitar|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> Anither civer by the [[Violent Femmes]] aired on Nickelodeon as a promotion for the series muivin to [[prime time]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Barker|first=Rayanna|title=A Conversation With Brian Ritchie|url=http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|work=Rock Zone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=June 22, 2001|archive-date=2013-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815213049/http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Steve Belfer, ane of Hillenburg's friends from CalArts, wrote and performed the music that is played over the end credits.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> This theme includes [[ukulele]] music, per Hillenburg's request.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Drymon said, "It's sae lang ago, it's haurd tae be sure, but I remember Hillenburg haein the Belfer music early on, maybe afore the pilot".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The series' [[Music editor (filmmaking)|music editor]] and main composer is Nicolas Carr.<ref name=CarrHA/> Efter wirkin wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', Carr struggled to find a new job in his field. He haed been considering a career chynge whan Hillenburg offered him the job. The first season's score primarily featurt selections from the [[APM Music|Associated Production Music Library]], which Carr haes said includes "lots of great auld corny Hawaiian music and big, full, dramatic orchestral scores."<ref name=CarrHA/> ''Rocko's Modern Life'' an aa uised music from this library. It wis Hillenburg's decision to adopt the approach. The selections for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' hae been describit by Carr as bein "more over-the-top" than those for ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=CarrHA/> Hillenburg an aa felt that it wis important for the series to develop its ain music library, consisting of scores that coud be reused and re-edited throughout the years. He wanted thir scores tae be componed by unknowns, an a group of twal wis assembled. Thay formed "The Sponge Divers Orchestra", which includes Carr and Belfer. This group went on to provide the majority of the music for later seasons, awtho Carr still draws from the Associated Production Music Library, as well as anither library that he foondit himsel&nbsp;— Animation Music Inc.<ref name=CarrHA/> ==Broadcast== ===Tenth anniversary=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Ten years. I never imagined wirkin on the show to this date and this lang...I really figured we might get a season and a cult follaein, and that might be it." |source=Stephen Hillenburg<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=Absorbent And Yellow And Beloved At 10 Is He|url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|accessdate=May 24, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073445/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} Nickelodeon began celebrating the 10t anniversary of the series on Januar 18, 2009 wi a live cast readin of the episode "SpongeBob vs. The Big One". The readin&nbsp;— a first for the series&nbsp;— wis held at [[2009 Sundance Film Festival|that year's Sundance Film Festival]].<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Taps Patrick Creadon and Christine O'Malley to Produce First-Ever SpongeBob... |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869+19-Jan-2009+PRN20090119 |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=January 19, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825100641/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869%2B19-Jan-2009%2BPRN20090119 |archivedate=August 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Goldman|first=Eric|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/943/943426p1.html |title=SpongeBob SquarePants Meets Johnny Depp&nbsp;– TV News at IGN|publisher=Tv.ign.com|date=January 9, 2009 |accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> The episode, which wad nae premiere on TV until Apryle 17, featurt Johnny Depp as a guest starn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|author=Annemarie Moody|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|work=Animation World Network|date=April 1, 2009|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}</ref> Ither celebratory actions taken by the network included the launching o a new website for the series (spongebob.com) an the introduction of new merchandising. A "SpongeBob and water conservation-themed element" wis an aa added to Nickelodeon's [[pro-social]] campaign ''[[The Big Green Help]]''.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> In an interview, [[Tom Kenny]] said, "What I'm maist proud of is that kids still really lik [''SpongeBob SquarePants''] and care about it ... Thay eagerly await new episodes. People who war young children when it stairtit 10 years ago are still watching it and digging it and think it's funny. That's the [[loving cup]] for me".<ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' celebrates 10 years of nautical nonsense|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|publisher=Pop Matters|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717003015/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Three nichts afore the offeecial anniversary date, an oor-lang documentary of the series, ''[[Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', premiered on [[VH1]].<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="UPI 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|title='SpongeBob' documentary on its way|url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/01/19/SpongeBob-documentary-on-its-way/UPI-79001232406610/|publisher=United Press International|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=January 19, 2009}}</ref> Critically acclaimed duo [[Patrick Creadon]] and Christine O'Malley creatit the film as a followup to ''[[I.O.U.S.A.]]'' – a documentary on America's financial situation. Creadon remarked, "Efter spendin twa years examining the financial heal of the United States, Christine and I war ready to tackle something a little more upbeat. Telling the SpongeBob story feels lik the perfect fit."<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> On Friday Julie 17, Nickelodeon merked the offeecial anniversary of the series, wi a 50-oor [[Marathon (television)|television marathon]] titled "The Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend". The marathon began wi a new episode, "[[To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants]]". Saturday saw a countdown of the tap ten episodes as picked by fans, as well as an airing of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. The marathon finished on Sunday, which saw a countdown of episodes as picked by celebrities, as well as the premiere of ten new episodes.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Celebrates 10 Years of Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-celebrates-10-years-of-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-61867637.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=June 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/11311.shtml|title=Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend&nbsp;– Raving Toy Maniac&nbsp;– The Latest News and Pictures from the World of Toys|publisher=Toymania.com |date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Nickelodeon continued celebrating the anniversary throu the rest of the year. An aicht-episode DVD set featurin "To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants" shortly followed the marathon, wi a Julie 21 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants Debuts in July's 100-ep Marathon, Then on DVD|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=April 21, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162005/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="First 100 Episodes article">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=SpongeBob SquarePants – 'First 100 Episodes' 5-Season DVD Set Arrives with New Extras this Autumn|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=April 28, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206075924/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|url-status=dead}}</ref> Next a 2,200 minute, 14-disc DVD set titled ''The First 100 Episodes'' wis released on September 22.<ref name="First 100 Episodes article"/><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— The First 100 Episodes (Seasons 1–5)|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101100209/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shaffer|first=R.L.|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The First 100 Episodes DVD Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/09/21/spongebob-squarepants-the-first-100-episodes-dvd-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 21, 2009}}</ref> Finally, on November 6, an oor-lang television film, titled ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|Truth or Square]]'', debuted on Nickelodeon. The film is narrated by [[Ricky Gervais]] and features [[live action]] cameo appearances by [[Rosario Dawson]], [[Craig Ferguson]], [[Will Ferrell]], [[Tina Fey]], [[LeBron James]], [[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]], [[Triumph the Insult Comic Dog]], and [[Robin Williams]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramid|title=Soaking in Festivities|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/soaking-in-the-festivities/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ricky Gervais, Will Ferrell and Robin Williams pay tribute to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/ricky-gervais-will-ferrell-and-robin-williams-403690|work=Mirror|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maclntyre|first=April|title=SpongeBob SquarePants ''Truth or Square'', Friday Nov. 6|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|work=Monsters and Critics|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073718/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis released as pairt o a five-episode DVD set on November 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— Truth or Square Officially Announced: Package Art, Extras & More!|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=August 11, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133819/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Ratings and run-length achievements=== Within its first month on air, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' owerteuk ''[[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]]'' as the heichest rated Saturday-morning children's series. It held an average national [[Nielsen rating]] of 4.9 amang children aged twa throu eleven, denoting 1.9 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|title=Nicklodeon.(rating of Nickelodeon's cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)|work=[[Multichannel News]]|date=August 23, 1999|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081516/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|title=Number 101|work=[[TV by the Numbers]]|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2015-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329031934/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Twa years later, the series haed firmly established itself as Nickelodeon's seicont heichest rated children's program, efter ''[[Rugrats]]''. It haed gained a significant adult audience by that point – nearly 40 percent of the series' 2.2 million viewers war aged 18 to 34.<ref name="The Stretch">{{cite web|title=THE STRETCH|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|work=Rocky Mountain News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=September 15, 2001|location=Denver, CO|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075355/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> That year, 2001, Nickelodeon teuk the "Saturday-morning ratings crown" for the fowert straucht season.<ref>{{cite web|title=NICK RETAINS SATURDAY CROWN|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|work=Broadcasting &Cable|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=June 18, 2001|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075359/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In response to this weekend-foond success, the studio gae ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' time slots at 6 PM and 8 PM, Monday throu Thursday, to increase exposure of the series.<ref name="The Stretch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|author=Frazier Moore|title=SPONGE SOAKS UP LAUGHS ON TV.(LIVING)|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|date=July 9, 2001|accessdate=April 4, 2015|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163424/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> By the end of that year ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' boasted the heichest ratings for ony children's series, nae anly on Nickelodeon, but on aw of television.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Amy|title=Stephen Hillenburg created the undersea world of SpongeBob.(The Orange County Register)|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|work=[[Knight Ridder]]/[[Tribune News Service]]|date=February 12, 2002|accessdate=June 30, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610060614/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="Stauffer">{{cite web|last=Stauffer|first=Cindy|title=Grown-ups embrace a wacky, square sponge; There's just something about this sweet kids' cartoon that's attracting an adult audience. Local fans can't get enough of SpongeBob|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|work=Lancaster New Era|accessdate=October 31, 2013|date=May 17, 2002|archive-date=2013-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108172353/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="peak of ratings">{{cite web|last=Moore|first=Frazier|title='SpongeBob' rises from sea to peak of ratings: Nickelodeon show top-rated among kids aged 2 to 11|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|work=Charleston Daily Mail|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 21, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081521/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Weekly viewership of the series haed reached aroond fifteen million, at least five million of which war adults.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit"/> In October 2002, anither Nickelodeon series titled ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' ranked as the No. 2 program for children atween 2 and 11 year auld.<ref name=FOP>{{cite web|last=Ryan|first=Suzanne C.|title='ODDPARENTS' IS SOAKING UP POPULARITY OF 'SPONGEBOB'|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=August 14, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081527/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Its ratings at that time war awmaist equal to ''SpongeBob SquarePants''' then-average of 2.2 million viewers per episode.<ref name=FOP/> ''The Fairly OddParents'' even briefly surpassed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', causing the latter series to drop into second place — at this time ''The Fairly OddParents'' had a 6.2 rating and nearly 2.5 million child viewers, while ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' had a 6.0 rating and 2.4 million kids 2–11.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oei|first=Lily|title='Fairly Odd' number puts 'SpongeBob' in second|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|work=Daily Variety|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 28, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081525/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Nickelodeon "recognised" ''The Fairly OddParents'' for its climbing ratings and installed it into a new 8 P.M. time slot, previously occupied by ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=FOP/> In an interview, Cyma Zarghami, then-[[general manager]] and [[executive vice president]] of Nickelodeon, said, "Are we banking on the fact that ''Fairly OddParents'' will be the next ''SpongeBob''? ... We are hoping. But ''SpongeBob'' is sae unique, it's haurd to say if it will ever be repeated".<ref name=FOP/> Houiver, in 2012, it wis reportit that the series' ratings war declining.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sorry, SpongeBob: Disney Channel Knocks Nick From Top Ratings Perch|url=http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612|work=The Wrap|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=2017-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823121926/http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lieberman|first=David|title=Nickelodeon's Ratings Decline Is No "Blip"; Is Viacom Or Nielsen To Blame?|url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/nickelodeons-ratings-decline-is-no-blip-is-viacom-or-nielsen-to-blame/|publisher=Deadline.com|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> The average nummer of viewers aged 2 to 11 watching ''SpongeBob'' at ony gien time dropped 29% in the first quarter from a year earlier, accordin to [[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]].<ref name=MSN/> ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' business writer [[John Jannarone]] suggestit that the age of the series and oversaturation of the series might be contributing tae the decline of the series' ratings, an might an aa be directly responsible for the decline in Nickelodeon's oweraw ratings.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|last=Jannarone|first=John|title=Viacom's SpongeBob Crisis|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303990604577370510139597158.html|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 2, 2012}}</ref> Media analyst Todd Juenger directly attributes the decline in Nickelodeon's ratings tae the availability of streaming video content on services lik [[Netflix]], a provider of [[video on demand|on-demand]] Internet [[streaming media]].<ref name=THRGardner>{{cite news|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|title=Analyst: Nickelodeon Might Be in Danger of Being Dropped by Some TV Distributors|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeon-viacom-336290|work=HollywoodReporter.com|accessdate=December 5, 2013|date=June 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Philippe Dauman]], the president and CEO of [[Viacom]], contradicted the notion, saying he did nae think "the leemitit amount of Nick library content on Netflix ... haes haed a significant impact".<ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO Defends Nickelodeon's Netflix Deal Again|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-philippe-dauman-defends-nickelodeons-netflix-ratings-319904|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> A Nickelodeon spokesman said ''SpongeBob'' is performing consistently well and remains the nummer ane rated animated series in aw of children's television.<ref name=WSJ/> He added, "Thare is nothing that we hae seen that pynts to ''SpongeBob'' as a problem".<ref name=WSJ/> Dauman blamed the drop on "some ratings systemic issues" at Nielsen, citing extensive set-top-box data that "daes in no wey reflect" the Nielsen data.<ref name=THR>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2012}}</ref> Juenger noted that ''SpongeBob'' coud affect the ratings of ither Nickelodeon programming acause children eften chynge channels to find thair favorite programs, then stay tuned intae that network.<ref name=WSJ/> Nickelodeon recently reduced its exposure in television. In the first quarter of 2012, the network cut back on the nummer of episodes it aired by 16% compared wi a year earlier.<ref name=WSJ/> On Apryle 22, 2013, Netflix CEO [[Reed Hastings]] annoonced thair intentions nae to renew thair existin deal wi Viacom.<ref name=NotRenew>{{cite news|last=Wallenstein|first=Andrew|title=Viacom and Netflix to Scale Down SVOD Deal|url=http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/viacom-and-netflix-to-scale-down-svod-deal-1200407086/|newspaper=Variety|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=April 22, 2013}}</ref> Syne then, Viacom's deal wi Netflix expired, an shows sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'' war removed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roettgers|first=Janko|title=Adios, Dora: Netflix is starting to take Viacom shows offline|url=http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|publisher=paidContent|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607183520/http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Juin 4, 2013, Viacom annoonced a multi-year licensing agreement which wad muive its programs, sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'', to [[Amazon.com]], Netflix's tap competitor.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dora, SpongeBob Swap Sides in Fickle Web-Video World|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324423904578525044270830934.html|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Moscariloto|first=Angela|title=Amazon Inks Streaming Deal for Viacom Shows Like Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2419901,00.asp|publisher=PCMag.com|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> Amazon agreed to pey mair nor $200 million to Viacom for the license, its lairgest subscription streaming transaction ever.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barr|first=Alistair|title=Amazon writes biggest streaming video check for Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.denverpost.com/technology/ci_23385278/amazon-writes-biggest-streaming-video-check-dora-spongebob|work=Denver Post|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon swipes SpongeBob from Netflix in most expensive deal yet|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_23385964/amazon-swipes-spongebob-from-netflix-most-expensive-deal|work=Mercury News|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is ane of the langest-running series on Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=December 14, 2009}}</ref> It became the Nickelodeon series wi the maist episodes, during its aicht season, surpassing the 172 episodes of ''Rugrats'' wi 178.<ref>{{cite web|title=5 of the best|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|work=Sunday Tribune|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 15, 2011|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050540/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|ninth season]], a tot of 26 episodes pushed the series over the 200th episode merk, reachin 204 produced episodes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Labrecque|first=Jeff|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' buckles up for ninth season|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2011-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106035133/http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" renewed for ninth season|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 8, 2013|author=Kit, Zorianna|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150606/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Stuart|title='SpongeBob' receives ninth season pickup|url=http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|work=Variety|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 4, 2011|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704070024/http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a statement, Brown Johnson, animation president for Nickelodeon, said, "''SpongeBob'''s success in reachin over 200 episodes is a testament to creautor Stephen Hillenburg's vision, comedic sensibility and his dynamic, lovable characters. The series nou joins the club of contemporary classic [[List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon|Nicktoons]] that hae hit this benchmark, sae we're incredibly proud".<ref name=TVG>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Adam|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2014-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020160127/http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ng|first=Philiana|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-renewed-ninth-67737|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ===Critical reception=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received generally positive reviews from critics, an it haes been noted for its appeal towards different age groups. [[James Poniewozik]] of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] describit the title character as "the anti-[[Bart Simpson]], temperamentally and physically: his head is as squared-off and neat as Bart's is unruly, and he has a personality to match—conscientious, optimistic and blind to the faults in the world and those around him".<ref>{{cite news|last=Poniewozik|first=James|title=Soaking Up Attention|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,187600,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=December 9, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229004630/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C187600%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin to Laura Fries of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'' magazine]], the series is "a thoughtful and inventive cartoon about a hopelessly optimistic and resilient sea sponge ... Devoid of the double entendres rife in today's animated TV shows, this is purely kid's stuff ... However, that's not to say that ''SpongeBob'' is simplistic or even juvenile. It's charming and whimsical, but clever enough to appeal to teens and college-aged kids, as well".<ref>{{cite news|last=Fries|first=Laura|title=Review: 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://variety.com/1999/tv/reviews/spongebob-squarepants-1200458428/|work=Variety|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 14, 1999}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' critic [[Joyce Millman]] said ''SpongeBob'' "is clever without being impenetrable to young viewers and goofy without boring grown-ups to tears. It's the most charming toon on television, and one of the weirdest. And it's also good, clean fun, which makes sense because it is, after all, about a sponge". Millman wrote, "His relentless good cheer would be irritating if he weren't so darned lovable and his world so excellently strange ... Like ''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', SpongeBob joyfully dances on the fine line between childhood and adulthood, guilelessness and camp, the warped and the sweet".<ref>{{cite news|last=Millman|first=Joyce|title=TELEVISION/RADIO; The Gentle World Of a Joyful Sponge|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/arts/television-radio-the-gentle-world-of-a-joyful-sponge.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 8, 2001}}</ref> [[Robert Thompson (media scholar)|Robert Thompson]], a professor of communications and director of the Center for the Study of Popular Television at [[Syracuse University]], told ''The New York Times'', "There is something kind of unique about [SpongeBob]. It seems to be a refreshing breath from the pre-irony era. There's no sense of the elbow-in-rib, tongue-in-cheek aesthetic that so permeates the rest of American culture–including kids' shows like the ''Rugrats''. I think what's subversive about it is it's so incredibly naive–deliberately. Because there's nothing in it that's trying to be hip or cool or anything else, hipness can be grafted onto it".<ref>{{cite news|title=How to Succeed Without Attitude|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/pop/20020722snapmonday.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 21, 2002|author=[[Tom Zeller, Jr.|Zeller, Tom Jr.]]}}</ref> In anither interview wi [[LA Times]], he commentated on the show's adult audience: "[On one hand] It's a kind of time machine that transports parents back to when they watched TV in their footie [pajamas]. On the other hand, it's very hip in the way it's presented. It is very edgy to adults who know how to read and listen between the frames."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Levine|first1=Bettijane|title=Adults Find Their Inner Sponge|url=http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|accessdate=December 6, 2016|work=LA Times|date=April 7, 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030302082942/http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|archivedate=March 2, 2003}}</ref> In a 2007 interview, [[Barack Obama]] named SpongeBob his favorite TV character and admitted that ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is "the show I watch with my daughters".<ref>{{cite web|last=Eng|first=Joyce|title=What's on Obama's Must-See TV List?|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=August 8, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411092515/http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=From Bikini Bottom to pop icon; SpongeBob turns 10|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022103450/http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barack Obama Is A SpongeBob Fan|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|publisher=Media Bistro|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=November 26, 2007|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615100916/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|url-status=dead}}</ref> British Prime Meenister [[Gordon Brown]] haes an aa said he watches the series wi his children.<ref name="Huffington" /> ===Awards and accolades=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received mony awards and nominations; amang thir are twa [[Emmy Award]]s ("Outstanding Special Class Animated Program" in 2010<ref name=DEA10>{{cite web|title=The 37th ANNUAL DAYTIME ENTERTAINMENT EMMY® AWARD NOMINATIONS |url=http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |work=[[Emmy Award]] |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |accessdate=December 5, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073407/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |archivedate=November 12, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> and "Outstanding Sound Editing – Animation" in 2014);<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Creative Arts Emmy® Awards|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|work=Emmy Award|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|accessdate=June 21, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705034232/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2014}}</ref> six [[Annie Award]]s;<ref name=Annie32>{{cite web|title=32nd Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2004) |url=http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 22, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509064634/http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |archivedate=May 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie371>{{cite web|title=37th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html#20 |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032256/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie372>{{cite web|last=Spring|first=Mike|title=Annie Awards Winners Announced|url=http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|publisher=Voice Coaches|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105120532/http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Annie38>{{cite web|title=38th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906082547/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=September 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie401>{{cite web|title=Annie Award Nominations&nbsp;— A Real Race For Once|url=http://thefilmexperience.net/blog/2012/12/4/annie-award-nominations-a-real-race-for-once.html|publisher=TheFilmExperience.net|accessdate=April 13, 2013|date=December 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Annie402>{{cite news|title=40th Annie Award nominees and winners list|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/02/entertainment/la-et-mn-40th-annie-award-nominations-winners-list-20130202|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2007|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2007/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2012|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2012/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Television critics [[Alan Sepinwall]] and [[Matt Zoller Seitz]] included the series in thair 2016 book ''TV'' as the 22nt [[List of television series considered the best|greatest American television series of aw time]], statin that "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is an [[Absurdism|absurdist]] masterpiece that [[Salvador Dalí]] and [[Groucho Marx]] would have watched together in their smoking jackets".<ref>{{cite web|author1=[[Alan Sepinwall]]|author2=[[Matt Zoller Seitz]]|title=Why 'Deadwood' Is a Top-10 TV Show of All Time|url=https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]|publisher=PERFECT PRIVACY, LLC|accessdate=2 September 2016|date=1 September 2016|archive-date=2016-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902021203/https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ashbrook|first1=Tom|title=The Greatest American Television Shows, Ranked|url=http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2016/09/09/the-greatest-american-television-shows-ranked|website=[[WBUR-FM|WBUR]]|publisher=WBUR|accessdate=10 September 2016|date=9 September 2016}}</ref> In 2006, [[IGN]] ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t on its leet, "Top 25 Animated Series of All Time",<ref>{{cite web|title=15. SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|publisher=IGN|accessdate=December 31, 2013|date=September 28, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923030609/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|archivedate=September 23, 2012}}</ref> an in 2013, it ranked the series 12t on its leet, "The Top 25 Animated Series for Adults".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/07/15/top-25-animated-shows-for-adults?page=3|title=The Top 25 Animated Shows for Adults|publisher=IGN|date=July 15, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> Additionally, the website's [[United Kingdom|UK]] division ran a "Top 100 Animated Series" leet, an lik its US counterpart, ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t.<ref name=IGN>{{cite web|url=http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html |title=Nickelodeon: SpongeBob SquarePants |publisher=IGN|date=|accessdate=2012-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620010829/http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html|archivedate=June 20, 2012}}</ref> The series is amang the "All-TIME 100 TV Shows" as chosen by ''Time'' television critic [[James Poniewozik]] in 2007. He said, "It's the most funny, surreal, inventive example of the explosion in creative kids' (and adult) entertainment that Nick, [[Cartoon Network]] and their ilk made possible".<ref name="alltime100">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|title=All-TIME 100 TV shows: SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Time|author=Poniewozik, James|accessdate=2013-05-11|date=August 14, 2007|archive-date=2014-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011204227/http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viewers of the UK television network [[Channel 4]] voted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the 28t "Greatest Cartoon" in a 2004 poll.<!--Awtho no date is directly gien for this poll, I feel that it is fair to caw it a 2004 poll, due tae the "TV Treats 2004" section in the left-haund box. When ane clicks on that, it indicates that the poll wis takkin place aroond Christmas time, which confirms that this haed tae be a year-end poll for 2004.--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520014452/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archivedate=May 20, 2009 |title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – Results |accessdate=2007-12-31 |publisher=[[Channel 4]].com |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – The Show|publisher=Channel 4.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422100525/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|archivedate=April 22, 2009}}</ref> ''[[TV Guide]]'' listed the character of SpongeBob SquarePants at No. 9 for its "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time".<ref>{{cite news|title=TV Guide's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404044955/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-date=April 4, 2005|work=TV Guide|date=July 30, 2002}}</ref> In 2013, the publication ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the aicht "Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/Greatest-Cartoons-TV-Guide-Magazine-1071203.aspx|title=TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time|work=TV Guide|date=September 24, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> In Juin 2010, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' named SpongeBob ane of the "100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years".<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years: Here's our full list!|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list/|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|accessdate=July 7, 2012|author=Adam B. Vary|date=June 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921234113/http://www.ew.com/article/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Legacy=== [[File:Wax Museum Plus (6344827249).jpg|250px|thumb|left|SpongeBob SquarePants wax statue, in [[National Wax Museum Plus]], in [[Dublin]], Ireland]] [[File:Tahrir Square during 8 February 2011.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion trend at the [[Tahrir Square]] ''(pictured)'' and led tae the creation o a [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile".]] In Julie 2009, [[Madame Tussauds]] wax museum in New York launched a wax sculpture of SpongeBob in celebration of the series' 10t anniversary. This made SpongeBob the first animated character to ever receive a statue made entirely out of wax.<ref>{{cite web|last=Snook|first=Raven|title=Yellow fever: SpongeBob figure to debut at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/tony-kids-blog/yellow-fever-spongebob-figure-to-debut-at-madame-tussauds|work=Timeout|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Bret|title=SpongeBob Debuts at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|work=Parent Dish|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 15, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719054354/http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Pendant/><ref>{{cite web|title=MADAME TUSSAUDS IS BONKERS FOR SPONGEBOB|url=http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|work=Mom Trends|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 11, 2009|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728231350/http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Mey 2011, a new species of mushroom, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis describit, named efter the series' title character.<ref name=Desjardin2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Desjardin DE, Peay KB, Bruns TD |title=''Spongiforma squarepantsii'', a new species of gasteroid bolete from Borneo |url=https://archive.org/details/mycologia_september-october-2011_103_5/page/1119 |journal=[[Mycologia]]|doi=10.3852/10-433 |date=May 10, 2011 |pmid=21558499 |volume=103|issue=5|pages=1119–23}}</ref> The character haes an aa acome a trend in Egyp at Cairo's [[Tahrir Square]].<ref name="Egypt Guardian">{{cite news|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|title=How SpongeBob SquarePants became massive in Egypt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/may/27/spongebob-squarepants-egypt-cartoon-fame|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 27, 2013|location=London}}</ref> Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion phenomenon, appearin on various items of merchandise from [[hijab]]s to boxer shorts.<ref name="Egypt Vice">{{cite web|last=Malsin|first=Jared|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants the New Che Guevara?|url=http://www.vice.com/read/spongebob-squarepants-egypts-new-revolutionary-symbol|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Egypt's unusual Tahrir icon: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|work=Al Aribya|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528173047/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|archivedate=May 28, 2013}}</ref> The phenomenon led tae the creation of the [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile". The project wis foondit by American students Andrew Leber and Elisabeth Jaquette and attempts to document every appearance of SpongeBob in Egyp.<ref name="Middle East Prospect">{{cite web|last=Cormack|first=Raphael|title=SpongeBob SquarePants takes over the Middle East|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|work=Prospect|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=March 26, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606164927/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sherief Elkeshta cited the phenomenon in an essay about the incoherent state of politics in Egyp in an independent monthly paper titled ''Midan Masr''. He wrote, "Why isn't he [SpongeBob] at least holding a Molotov cocktail? Or raising a fist?"<ref>{{cite web|title=Brooklyn, Egypt, And SpongeBob|url=http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|work=Midan Masr|accessdate=June 11, 2013|archive-date=2013-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121172006/http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|url-status=dead}}</ref> The phenomenon haes even spread to [[Libya]], whaur a Libyan rebel in SpongeBob dress wis photographed celebrating the revolution.<ref>{{cite web|title=The New Mascot of Egypt: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Tavern Keepers|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615083050/http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awtho ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' hae asserted that the trend haes little to no poleetical significance,<ref name="Egypt Guardian"/><ref name="Egypt Vice"/> "joke" presidential campaigns hae been undertaken for SpongeBob in Egyp and Sirie.<ref name="Egypt Vice"/><ref name="Middle East Prospect"/> A clip wis posted to YouTube in Februar 2013 that features soldiers in the Roushie airmy and navy singing the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' theme song as thay march.<ref name="Russia Metro">{{cite web|title=Russian soldiers march to SpongeBob SquarePants theme song|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/02/19/russian-soldiers-march-to-spongebob-squarepants-theme-song-3503968/|work=Metro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=February 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Russia Telegraph">{{cite news|title=Russian soldiers sing SpongeBob SquarePants theme tune as they march|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=May 23, 2013|location=London|date=February 18, 2013|archive-date=2017-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622143748/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin tae the website that uploaded the video, this is ane of the "most popular marching songs" in the Roushie military.<ref name="Russia Metro"/> The video garnered nearly 50,000 views within its first week.<ref name="Russia Telegraph"/> ===Criticism=== ====Controversies==== In 2005, an online video which showed clips from ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' and ither children's shows set tae the [[Sister Sledge]] song "[[We Are Family (song)|We Are Family]]" to promote [[cultural diversity|diversity]] and [[Toleration|tolerance]] wis attacked by an [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] group in the United States, acause thay saw SpongeBob bein uised to "advocate [[homosexuality]]".<ref name="US right attacks">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4190699.stm | title=US right attacks SpongeBob video | date=January 20, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=accuse>{{Cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2005-01-22-kids-video_x.htm | title=SpongeBob, Muppets and the Sister Sledge writer suffer criticism | date=January 22, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today }}</ref> [[James Dobson]] of [[Focus on the Family]] accused the video of promoting homosexuality, due to it bein sponsored by a pro-tolerance group.<ref name=accuse /> The incident accentuated questions as to whether or nae SpongeBob is gay. Awtho the character haes enjoyed popularity wi gay viewers, series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haed already denied the issue three years earlier, clarifying at the time that he considers the character tae be "somewhat [[Asexuality|asexual]]".<ref name="Camp Cartoon Star">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2313221.stm | title=Camp cartoon star 'is not gay' | date=October 9, 2002 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Efter Dobson's comments, Hillenburg reasserted his poseetion, statin that sexual preference daes nae play a pairt in what thay are "trying to do" wi the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | title=SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator | date=January 28, 2005 | accessdate=August 26, 2009 | first=Stephen M. | last=Silverman | work=[[People (magazine)|People]] | archive-date=2008-03-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320034827/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=22&art_id=vn20050129114540161C803463|title=SpongeBob isn't gay or straight, creator says |date=January 29, 2005|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 9, 2008}}</ref> Tom Kenny and ither production members war distraught that sic an issue haed arisen.<ref name="Radio">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Dobson later stated that his comments war taken out of context, an that his oreeginal complaints war nae wi SpongeBob, the video, or ony of the characters in the video, but rather wi the organisation that sponsored the video, the [[We Are Family Foundation]]. Dobson indicated that the We Are Family Foundation posted pro-gay material on thair website, but later removed it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|title=Dobson clarifies Pro-Gay SpongeBob Video Controversy|last=Chang|first=Pauline J.|date=January 28, 2005|publisher=[[The Christian Post]]|accessdate=June 11, 2007|archive-date=2007-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831200610/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter the controversy, John H. Thomas, the [[United Church of Christ]]'s general meenister and president, said thay wad welcome SpongeBob intae thair ministry. He said "Jesus didn't turn people away. Neither do we".<ref>{{cite web| title=Ministry celebrates SpongeBob: Gay, happy, yellow, orange, whatever, he's welcome | url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | date=February 4, 2005 | author=Till, Francis | work=National Business Review | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627121737/http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | archivedate=June 27, 2007 }}</ref> Jeffery P. Dennis, author of the journal article "Queertoons", argued that SpongeBob and Sandy are nae romantically in luve, while adding that he believed that SpongeBob and Patrick "are paired with arguably erotic intensity".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=June 2003|title=Queertoons|url=http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|journal=Soundscapes|volume=6|accessdate=December 17, 2014|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925124217/http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Martin Goodman of ''[[Animation World Network|Animation World Magazine]]'' describit Dennis' comments regarding SpongeBob and Patrick as "interesting".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|author=Martin Goodman|title=Deconstruction Zone – Part 2|work=[[Animation World Network]]|date=March 10, 2004|accessdate=October 28, 2009|archive-date=2010-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413110918/http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Jeffery's comments were also published by the ''[[Journal of Popular Film & Television]]'' in an article called "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=Fall 2003|title=The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01956050309603674#.VJH0CyvF-Cl|volume=31|issue=3|pages=132–140|accessdate=December 17, 2014|doi=10.1080/01956050309603674|journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television}}</ref> This is the article that is referred to by Goodman.}} Ukrainian website Family Unner the Protection of the Holy Virgin, which haes been describit as a "fringe Catholic" group by ''The Wall Street Journal'', levied criticism against ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' for its alleged "promotion of homosexuality".<ref name="Ukraine">{{cite news|last=Marson|first=James|title=Ukraine's Morality Police Probe 'Gay' SpongeBob|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2012/08/15/gay-spongebob-offends-ukraine-morality-commission/|accessdate=February 2, 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> The group sought to hae the series banned, alang wi several ither popular children's properties. The [[National Expert Commission of Ukraine on the Protection of Public Morality]] teuk up the matter for review in August 2012.<ref name="Ukraine"/> In Apryle 2009, [[Burger King]] released a SpongeBob-themed advertisement featurin a parody of [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]]'s song "[[Baby Got Back]]". The [[Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood]] protested the ad for bein sexist and inappropriately sexual, especially contemplating that SpongeBob's fan base includes young children.<ref>{{cite web|title=CCFC to Nickelodeon: Did You Approve the SpongeBob SquareButt Burger King Commercial?|url=http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|publisher=Common Dreams|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 9, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419205831/http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kelleher|first=Katy|title=SpongeBob Meets Sir Mix-A-Lot In New Burger King Ads|url=http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022518/http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Craig|title=Burger King pushes flat butts and SpongeBob to kids, hires buttheads to do it|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|work=Suntimes|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111003615/http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Douglas">{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Joanna|title=Is the Sir Mix-a-Lot Burger King commercial too much for kids?|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416202924/https://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|archivedate=April 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg">{{cite web|last=Ekberg|first=Aida|title=SpongeBob + Sir Mix-A-Lot + Burger King = Offensive Commercial?|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209042535/http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html?cat=33|archivedate=December 9, 2013}}</ref> In offeecial statements released by Burger King and Nickelodeon, baith companies claimed that the campaign wis aimed at parents.<ref name="Yahoo Douglas"/><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg"/> {{quote box|align=left|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The children who watched the cartoon were operating at half the capacity compared to other children." |source=— Angeline S. Lillard, University of Virginia<ref>{{cite news|last=Rabin|first=Roni Caryn|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants Bad for Children?|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/is-spongebob-squarepants-bad-for-children/|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref>}} A 2011 study conducted at the [[University of Virginia]] and published in the journal ''[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]'' suggestit that allouin preschool-aged audiences to watch the series caused short-term disruptions in mental function and attention span due to frequent shot changes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lillard | first1 = Angeline | last2 = Peterson | first2 = Jennifer | year = 2011 | title = The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/09/08/peds.2010-1919 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 128| issue = 4| pages = 644–649| doi = 10.1542/peds.2010-1919 | pmid=21911349}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rochman|first=Bonnie|title=Study: Fast-Moving Cartoons Like SpongeBob May Impair Kids' Focus|url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|work=Time|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420202450/http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Nickelodeon executive responded in an interview that the series wis nae intendit for an audience of that age and that the study uised "questionable methodology and could not possibly provide the basis for any valid findings that parents could trust".<ref>{{cite news|title=Study: Some cartoons are bad for children's brains|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525053636/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Eryn|title=SpongeBob impairs little kids' thinking, study finds|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/12/news/la-heb-spongebob-squarepants-children-brain-20110912|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> Several episodes of the series hae been subject to controversy as well. In a report titled ''Wolves in Sheep's Claedin'', which documents the increase in potentially violent, profane, an sexual content in children's programming, the [[Parents Television Council]], a [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] media group, claimed the [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|season 2]] ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]" wis an implicit attempt to promote and [[Satire|satirize]] uise of [[profanity]] amang children,<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kristen Fyfe| title = Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: A Content Analysis of Children's Television| publisher = [[Parents Television Council]]| date = March 2, 2006| url = http://www.parentstv.org/ptc/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| accessdate = August 5, 2007| journal = | archive-date = 2007-08-08| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070808140158/http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> while "[[SpongeBob's Last Stand]]" and "[[Selling Out (SpongeBob SquarePants episode)|Selling Out]]" hae been accused of promoting [[environmentalism]] and [[left-wing politics]] due to thair negative portrayal of [[big business]].<ref name="firing">{{cite web|last1=Bond|first1=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|website=Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=1 May 2017|quote=It's not the first time SpongeBob has waded into social commentary, though usually when it does, it bugs the right and supports the left. In episodes dubbed "SpongeBob's Last Stand" and "Selling Out," for example, environmentalism is glorified and large businesses are demonized.}}</ref> "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired]]", a 2013 [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|season 9]] episode, gained hivy controversy and sparked a poleetical debate over its portrayal of [[unemployment]];<ref name="firing"/> efter [[Fox News]] an the ''[[New York Post]]'' commented on the episode, [[Media Matters for America]] accused the twa organisations of uisin the episode to "attack the social safety net".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Weisman|first1=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|website=Chron|accessdate=1 May 2017}}</ref> This statement wis echoed by [[Al Sharpton]], who claimed [[Conservatism|conservatives]]' "new hero" tae be "a sponge who lives in a pineapple under the sea".<ref>{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}</ref> {{clear}} ====Declining quality==== Critics' reviews of early ''SpongeBob'' episodes praised the show for its wit, clever humour, an "uncanny brilliance".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Uncanny Brilliance of "SpongeBob SquarePants"|author=Zeus, Maxie|publisher=Toon Zone|date=January 28, 2005|accessdate=September 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105062259/http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Houiver, in 2007, aroond the airing of [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|season five]], the tone and emphasis of the show began to chynge. Some fans "began to turn away from the show",{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}} causin online [[fansite]]s to "[become] deserted".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name=MSN/> Thay pyntit to a shift from clever humour to what thay perceived as "boring, unfunny humor&nbsp;... geared ower muckle towards children".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name="shscourier">{{cite web |url=http://shscourier.com/10299/arts-and-entertainment/spongebob-sponge-out-of-water-to-sea-or-not-to-see/ |title=SpongeBob Sponge Out Of Water: To "Sea" Or Not To See |last1=Lilly |first1=Ally |date=January 29, 2015 |website= |publisher=''The Susquehannock Courier'' |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Paul Tibbitt]], showrunner from season fower tae the season 9 episode, "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired!]]" haes been the subject of criticism.<ref name="shscourier"/> While ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' wis generally well received by fans of the show, it is an aa considered a turning point in the show's history, as mony fans believe the decline occurred efter the film's release,<ref name=MSN>Berr, Jonathan (May 4, 2012). [http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 Viacom should pull the plug on SpongeBob] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505002658/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 |date=2012-05-05 }}. ''MSN Money''. Retrieved February 3, 2013.</ref> whan Stephen Hillenburg resigned as showrunner and Tibbitt wis appyntit to replace him. Episodes produced syne the movie hae been variously categorized as "kid-pandering attention-waster[s]",<ref name="news.toonzone">{{cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title="Whatever Happened to SpongeBob?": Good Question! |author=Zeus, Maxie |publisher=Toon Zone |date=October 12, 2008 |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |archivedate=December 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} {{Cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2008-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> "tedious",<ref name="dvdverdict">{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Who Bob What Pants?|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=November 13, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017060955/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> "boring" and "dreck",<ref>{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Great Patty Caper|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=March 13, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033808/http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> a "depressing plateau of mediocrity",<ref>{{cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Mina|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: To Love A Patty|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=February 6, 2008|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921113901/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and "lauch-skimpy".<ref name=Mavis>{{cite web|last=Mavis|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— WhoBob WhatPants?|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/35047/spongebob-squarepants-who-bob-what-pants/|publisher=DVD Talk|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=October 13, 2008}}</ref> ==Ither media== ===Home video=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="40%" style="text-align:center;" |+ ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD releases |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding:0 8px;"| Season ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" colspan="3"| [[DVD]] release date |- ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 1]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 2]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 4]] |- | style="width:1%; background:#469E37;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)|1]] | October 28, 2003<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725222026/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|url-status=dead}}</ref> | November 7, 2005 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 1|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308154448/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|archivedate=March 8, 2010}}</ref> |- | style="background:#E3641A;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|2]] | October 19, 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162408/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|url-status=dead}}</ref> | October 23, 2006 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 2|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712083116/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|archivedate=July 12, 2012|accessdate=October 29, 2013}}</ref> |- | style="background:#73B1B7;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 3)|3]] | September 27, 2005<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – 3rd Season Set Package: SpongeBob Is Cookin'!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=August 5, 2005|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022153558/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|url-status=dead}}</ref> | December 3, 2007< | style="padding:0 8px;"| November 8, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 3|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102174142/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#B02B11;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 4)|4]] | September 12, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022172024/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 3, 2008 | rowspan="2"| November 7, 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants''; S4|url=http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|publisher=Sanity|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062840/http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Januar 9, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162422/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#FAF75B;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|5]] | September 4, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022171442/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 16, 2009 | rowspan="2"| December 3, 2009<ref>{{cite wab|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5 (Complete) (DVD) |url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711052336/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|archivedate=July 11, 2012 }}</ref> |- | November 18, 2008<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Are Ya' Ready to Complete the 5th Season? Nick/Par Announces 'S5,V2' at Last!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 28, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220015/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#454683;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6)|6]] | December 8, 2009<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Season 6 and Other Announced Releases|url=http://www.tvguide.com/DVD-News/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1009539.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 9, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107151114/http://www.tvguide.com/dvd-news/spongebob-squarepants-season-1009539.aspx/|archivedate=November 7, 2012}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 29, 2010 | rowspan="2"| December 2, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6: The Complete Collection (3 Disc Set)|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065138/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | December 7, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112083819/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110064401/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#74E387;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)|7]] | December 6, 2011<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Nickelodeon/Paramount Announces a 'Complete 7th Season' 4-DVD Set|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142020/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|url-status=dead}}</ref> | September 17, 2012 | September 12, 2012<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062345/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#934C9C;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)|8]] | Mairch 12, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD news: Announcement for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8 |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |date=May 25, 2007 |accessdate=December 29, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214013249/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | October 28, 2013 | October 30, 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 8, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109021721/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#4DD4E8;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|9]] | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- | ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes#Season 10|10]]<ref name=S10>{{cite web|last=Maxwell|first=Erin|title=Shiver me timbers! A bearded Antonio Banderas gets his sea legs with a pirate makeover for ''SpongeBob SquarePants 2''|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2453291/Antonio-Banderas-gets-pirate-makeover-SpongeBob-SquarePants-2.html|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- |} ===Comic beuks=== In Februar 2011, creautor Hillenburg first annoonced the release of the 32-page bimonthly comic book series, ''[[SpongeBob Comics]]'', based on the show.<ref name=Comics1>{{cite web|title="SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS" COMIC DEBUTS IN FEBRUARY|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 25, 2011|archive-date=2011-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201210954/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Comics2>{{cite web|last=Boom |first=Richard |title=SpongeBob Comics #1 debuts from United Plankton Pictures |url=http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |publisher=[[Broken Frontier]] |accessdate=December 6, 2013 |date=January 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128020705/http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |archivedate=January 28, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The release merked the first time Hillenburg authored his ain beuks. He said, "I'm hoping that fans will enjoy finally having a ''SpongeBob'' comic book from me".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> The comic book series is published by Hillenburg's production company, [[United Plankton Pictures]], and distributed by [[Bongo Comics Group]].<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Awtho the characters of the series haed previously appeared in ''[[Nickelodeon Magazine]]'' an in ''[[List of Tokyopop publications#Cine-Manga|Cine-Manga]]'', the first issue of ''SpongeBob Comics'' merked the first time the characters hae appeared in thair ain comic beuks in the United States.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg describit the stories from the comic beuks as "original and always true to the humor, characters, and universe of the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' series".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Chris Duffy, the umwhile senior editor of ''Nickelodeon Magazine'', serves as managing editor of ''SpongeBob Comics''.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg and Duffy met wi various cartoonists—includin [[James Kochalka]], [[Hilary Barta]], [[Graham Annable]], Gregg Schigiel, an Jacob Chabot—to contribute to each issues.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Retired [[horror comics]] writer and artist [[Stephen R. Bissette]] returned to write a special Halloween issue in 2012, wi [[Tony Millionaire]] and [[Al Jaffee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Bissette Returns To Comics With SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2012/07/18/steve-bissette-returns-to-comics-with-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Bleeding Cool]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=July 18, 2012|author=[[Rich Johnston|Johnston, Rich]]}}</ref> In an interview wi [[Tom Spurgeon]], Bissette said, "I've even broken my retirement to do one work-for-hire gig [for ''SpongeBob Comics''] so I could share everything about that kind of current job".<ref>{{cite web|title=CR Holiday Interview #14 – Steve Bissette|url=http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/cr_holiday_interview_11_steve_bissette/|work=The Comics Reporter|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 3, 2012|author=[[Tom Spurgeon|Spurgeon, Tom]]}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, [[Titan Magazines]] publishes comics based on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' every fower weeks. Thir comics war first published on Februar 3, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Magazine 100th Issue|url=http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|publisher=Titan Magazines|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006050305/http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Titan Magazines teamed-up wi [[Lego]] to release a leemitit edition ''SpongeBob''-themed comic.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=SpongeBob LEGO limited edition magazine launches|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/10992/SpongeBob-Magazine-unites-with-LEGO|publisher=Licensing|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2017-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707123937/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/spongebob-lego-limited-edition-magazine-launches/027694|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Films=== [[Paramount Pictures]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]] produced ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', an animated film [[adaptation]] of the series that wis released on November 19, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-opens-nationwide-on-friday-november-19-75337557.html|title='The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie' Opens Nationwide on Friday, November 19|publisher=PR Newswire|date=November 10, 2004|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> The film wis directed by creautor Stephen Hillenburg, an wis written by lang-time series writers comprising Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, Tim Hill, [[Kent Osborne]], [[Aaron Springer]], and Paul Tibbitt. Hillenburg and Julia Pistor produced the film, while the [[film score]] wis componed by Gregor Narholz.<ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/apm-film-and-television-composer-gregor-narholz-signs-on-to-score-activisions-x-mentm-legends-sequel-54194902.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://investor.activision.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=157576|publisher=Activision|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gregor Narholz Scores X-Men|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/10/gregor-narholz-scores-x-men|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 10, 2005}}</ref> The film is about Plankton's evil plan to steal King Neptune's crown and send it to Shell City. SpongeBob and Patrick must retrieve it and save Mr. Krabs' life from Neptune's raft and thair home, Bikini Bottom, from Plankton's plan. The film features guest appearances by [[Jeffrey Tambor]] as King Neptune, [[Scarlett Johansson]] as the King's dochter Mindy, [[Alec Baldwin]] as Dennis, an [[David Hasselhoff]] as himsel.<ref name="Johansson">{{cite video | people=[[Scarlett Johansson|Johansson, Scarlett]]|date=2005|title= The Absorbing Tale Behind The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It received positive critical reception,<ref name="tomatoes">{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spongebob_squarepants_movie/ | title = The Spongebob Squarepants Movie (2004) | work =[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher = [[Flixster]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | title = SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, The | publisher = [[CBS]] | work = [[Metacritic]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010 | archive-date = 2010-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806001711/http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | url-status = dead }}</ref> and grossed over $140 million warldwide.<ref name=BOM>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spongebob.htm|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)|accessdate=July 20, 2009|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Twa [[television films]] war released. The twa television films are ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis]]'' released in 2007 and ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square]]'' released in 2009. A [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|sequel]] tae the 2004 film wis released in theaters on Februar 6, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Paramount Avoids ''Fifty Shades'' by Moving Up '''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Sequel|url=http://www.thewrap.com/paramount-avoids-fifty-shades-by-moving-up-spongebob-squarepants-sequel/|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=June 7, 2014|date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> The series' main cast members are reprise thair roles,<ref name=WN>{{cite web|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Film Planned for 2014|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/03/04/SpongeBob_SquarePants_Film_Planned_for_2014/#/related_news|publisher=WN.com|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=March 4, 2013}}</ref> an the underwater pairts are [[traditional animation|tradeetionally animated]] in the manner of the series an the live-action pairts uses [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI animation]] wi the SpongeBob characters.<ref>{{cite web|last=Webb|first=Charles|title=Is Paramount Prepping an Animated 'Legend of Korra' Movie?|url=http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|publisher=MTV|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=August 20, 2012|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512062513/http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Tradition>{{cite web|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|title=SpongeBob kicks off new Paramount Ani division|url=http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|publisher=Bill Desowitz|accessdate=March 31, 2013|date=February 29, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022015510/http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film haes a budget seemilar tae the previous film and did nae cost mair nor $100 million to produce.<ref name=Hundred>{{cite news|last=Chozik|first=Amy|title=Return to Big Screen for SpongeBob|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/return-to-big-screen-for-spongebob/|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=March 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goodwin|first=Liam|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants movie will be released in 2014|url=http://filmonic.com/spongebob-squarepants-movie-2014-release-date|publisher=Filmonic.com|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Paramount to Release 'SpongeBob' Movie in 2014|url=http://www.awn.com/news/people/paramount-release-spongebob-movie-2014|publisher=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> On Apryle 30, 2015, Viacom annoonced a third movie wis in development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Viacom/status/593762894103375872|title=Viacom on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> On August 3, 2015, via Twitter, [[Vincent Waller]] confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that [[Paul Tibbitt]] will ance again direct.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/628219039081324544|title=Vincent Waller|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> ===Music=== Collections of oreeginal music featurt in the series hae been released on the albums ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights]]'' (2001), ''[[SpongeBob's Greatest Hits]]'' (2009), and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: The Yellow Album|The Yellow Album]]'' (2005). The first twa charted on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], reachin nummer 171 and 122, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebob-squarepants-original-theme-highlights-mw0000012957/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob's Greatest Hits|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebobs-greatest-hits-mw0000810167/awards|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> Several sangs hae been recorded wi the purpose o a single or album release, an hae nae been featurt on the show. For ensaumple, the song "My Tidy Whities" written by Tom Kenny and [[Andy Paley]] wis released anly for the album ''[[The Best Day Ever]]'' (2006). Kenny's inspiration for the song wis "underwear humor".<ref name=Newsday>{{cite web|last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |title=FAST CHAT TOM KENNY |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05,0,4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |work=Newsday |accessdate=August 2, 2013 |date=November 5, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217024149/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05%2C0%2C4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |archivedate=February 17, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Kenny said, "Underwear humor is always a surefire lauch-getter with kids ... Just seeing a character that odd wearing really prosaic, normal, [[Kmart]], three-to-a-pack underwear is a funny drawing ... We thought it was funny to make a really lush, beautiful love song to his underwear".<ref name=Newsday/> ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie – Music from the Movie and More...]]'', a soundtrack album featurin the score of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', wis released alang wi the featur-lenth film in November 2004. Various artists includin [[the Flaming Lips]],<ref name=TFL1>{{cite web|title=Lips, Shins Kick Back With 'SpongeBob'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/65812/lips-shins-kick-back-with-spongebob|work=Billboard|accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> [[Wilco]],<ref name=WilcoLips>{{cite web|title=Flaming Lips and Wilco Featured on New SpongeBob Soundtrack|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|work=Paste|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 13, 2004|archive-date=2017-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710184925/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ween]],<ref name=MTV/> [[Motörhead]],<ref name=MTV2>{{cite web|last=D'Angelo|first=Joe|title=Flaming Lips, Wilco, 'Commercial Weirdo' Avril Lavigne Head Up 'SpongeBob' LP|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|publisher=MTV|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2011-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025195508/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[the Shins]],<ref name=Wierdo>{{cite web|last=Dufour|first=Matt|title=SpongeBob Soundtrack Boasts Shins, Wilco, And Flaming Lips Songs|url=http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|work=The Fader|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207145020/http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Avril Lavigne]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> contreibutit tae the soundtrack that reached nummer 76 on the US ''Billboard'' 200.<ref>{{cite web|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie: Music From the Movie and More|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-music-from-the-movie-and-more-mw0000674021/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> ===Theme park rides=== [[File:EF-Mall of America.jpg|230px|thumb|right|[[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]] ride at the [[Mall of America]].]] [[SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D]] film and ride opened in various locations, includin [[Six Flags Over Texas]], [[Flamingo Land Resort]], an the [[Shedd Aquarium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Chicago &#124; Plan a Visit &#124; Now Playing in 4-D |publisher=Shedd Aquarium |date= |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5urIgheCb?url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |archivedate=2010-12-09 |df= |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2010-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129122646/http://sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ride features water squirts, real bubbles, an ither sensory enhancements. In 2012, Nickelodeon teamed up again wi SimEx-Iwerks Entertainment and Super 78 to produce SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arrant|first=Chris|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" 4-D Attraction Coming Soon|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-attraction-coming-soon-70391.html|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> The attraction opened in early 2013 at the [[Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration]].<ref name=4DPlot>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob goes 4-D at the aquarium|url=http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|publisher=Mystic River Press|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=May 17, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211231455/http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction wis an aa released at the [[Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando]] in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue|url=http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|work=Eye on Orlando|accessdate=May 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503111622/http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brigante|first=Ricky|title=SpongeBob SquarePants makes a splash at Nick Hotel with new 4D movie, Bikini Bottom Breakfast, and more entertainment|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-makes-a-splash-at-nick-hotel-with-new-4d-movie-bikini-bottom-breakfast-and-more-entertainment/|publisher=Inside the Magic|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roseboom|first=Matt|title=Nick Hotel debuts new SpongeBob 4D movie and Bikini Bottom character breakfast|url=http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|work=Orlando Attractions Magazine|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423114753/http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The seiven-minute film follows SpongeBob, Patrick and Sandy to thair auld hijinks while rescuing the jellyfish of Jellyfish Fields from Plankton's evil clutches.<ref name=4DPlot/> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' appears at the [[Mall of America]]'s Nickelodeon theme park re-branded from the Mall of America's [[Park at MOA]], formerly Camp Snoopy, to [[Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Minneapolis-St. Paul]] suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota]]. The new theme park features a ''SpongeBob''-themed [[Gerstlauer]] Euro-Fighter custom [[roller coaster]], the [[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]], which haes replaced the Mystery Mine Ride and Olde Time Photo store on the wast end of the theme park, which opened Mairch 15, 2008.<ref name=TPI>{{cite web|last=Niles|first=Robert|title=New attraction spotlight: Nickelodeon Universe at Mall of America|url=http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/200803/642/|work=Theme Park Insider|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Jayne|title=Nick characters drop in mall Universe|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|work=USA Today|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 13, 2008|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024025306/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Mey 23, 2015, an interactive 3D show titled "SpongeBob SubPants Adventure" opened in Texas at [[Moody Gardens]]. Accordin to Moody Gardens President and CEO John Zendt, "Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moody Gardens|title=Moody Gardens Announces Launch of New One-of-a-Kind SpongeBob SubPants Interactive Experience|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moody-gardens-announces-launch-of-new-one-of-a-kind-spongebob-subpants-interactive-experience-300043050.html|website=PRNewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=9 March 2015|quote=Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=SpongeBob SquarePants|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook – "There's a new type of SpongeBob experience coming to Moody Gardens on Memorial Day!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/posts/10152666661991366|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob SquarePants|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook - "If you're heading to Texas be sure to check out the SpongeBob SubPants Adventure!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/timeline/story?ut=43&wstart=0&wend=1433141999&hash=-7897235326254608682&pagefilter=3|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> ===Video gemmes=== Numerous [[video game]]s based on the series hae been produced. Some of the early gemmes include ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Legend of the Lost Spatula|Legend of the Lost Spatula]]'' (2001)<ref>{{cite web|last=Antonucci|first=Mike|title=Triple Play Baseball has some annoying errors|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|work=Knight Ridder|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=March 20, 2001|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075840/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web|last=Ray|first=Roblin|title=Learning a lesson; Console games finally tap into educational content|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|work=The Boston Herald|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=December 7, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075829/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> The 2003 video game wis added tae the [[Greatest Hits (PlayStation range)|Greatest Hits]] by [[Sony]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sony Adds 'SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom' to Greatest Hits Collection|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|work=Wireless News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=September 30, 2004|archive-date=2014-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503175626/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The season's best bets for video-game enthusiasts|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|work=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=November 20, 2003|location=San Jose, CA|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075849/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> It an aa served as the ingine basis for [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game)|a video game]] based on ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. [[Heavy Iron Studios]], the game's developers, tweaked the graphics to gie the game a sharper and more imaginative leuk than that of ''Battle for Bikini Bottom''. Thay an aa increased the polygon count, added several racing levels, an incorporated mony of the creatures seen in the film.<ref name=VG>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Movie Update|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/08/25/spongebob-squarepants-the-movie-update|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=August 25, 2004|author=IGN Staff}}</ref> In 2013, Nickelodeon published and distributed ''[[SpongeBob Moves In!]]'', a [[freemium]] [[city-building game]] [[Application software|app]] developed by [[Kung Fu Factory]] for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stecker|first=Erin|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' debuts new app – EXCLUSIVE VIDEO|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=5 June 2013|archive-date=2013-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611120001/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches Building 'SpongeBob' App|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/gaming/nick-launches-city-building-spongebob-app/|work=Animation|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS 'City Building' App|url=http://tv.broadwayworld.com/article/Nickelodeon-Announces-SPONGEBOB-SQUAREPANTS-City-Building-App-20130606|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build Your Very Own Bikini Bottom Through Nickelodeon's Worldwide Release Of Brand-New Mobile Game, SpongeBob Moves In|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/build-your-very-own-bikini-bottom-through-nickelodeons-worldwide-release-of-brand-new-mobile-game-spongebob-moves-in-210383441.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> ===SpongeBob SquareShorts=== Nickelodeon launched the first global ''SpongeBob SquarePants''-themed [[film|short film]] competeetion, SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes, in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Nick Launches 2013 Short Film Contest|url=http://www.awn.com/news/call-entries/nick-launches-2013-short-film-contest|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Animation World Magazine|date=January 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches SpongeBob SquareShorts Contest|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/nick-launches-spongebob-squareshorts-contest/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The contest encourages fans and filmmakers aroond the world to creaut oreeginal short films inspired by SpongeBob for a chance to win a prize and a trip for fower fowk to a screening event in [[Hollywood]]. The contest opened on Mey 6 and ran throu Juin 28, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob Square Shorts Competition&nbsp;– $2,500 + Trip|url=http://www.filmthenext.com/2013/05/spongebob-square-shorts-competition-2500-trip/|publisher=FilmTheNext.com|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Contest>{{cite web|last=Kondolojy|first=Amanda|title=Nickelodeon Announces First-Ever SpongeBob SquarePants Global Film Competition, 'SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes'|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|publisher=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013|archive-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807084326/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Julie 19, 2013, Nickelodeon annoonced the finalists for the competeetion,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=Nickelodeon reveals finalists in SpongeBob Squareshorts film comp|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/11767/Nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-SpongeBob-Squareshorts-film-competition|publisher=Licensing.biz|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=22 July 2013|archive-date=2013-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024040444/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-spongebob-squareshorts-film-comp/026966|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces Finalists For First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts Global Short Film Competition|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/07/19/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-global-short-film-competition-92000/20130719nickelodeon01/|work=The Futon Critic|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Finalists for First-Ever "SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes"|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|work=Toonzone|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013|archive-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218233942/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, on August 13, 2013, the "under 18 years of age" category wis won by David of the United States for his "The Krabby Commercial", while the "Finally Home" short by Nicole of [[South Africa]] won the "18 and over" category.<ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Winners for First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|publisher=Toon Zone|accessdate=December 4, 2013|date=August 13, 2013|archive-date=2015-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227112543/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Merchandise== The popularity of ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' inspired merchandise from T-shirts to posters.<ref name=Star/> It wis reportit that the franchise generated an estimatit $8 billion merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref name=Billion>{{cite web|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=How SpongeBob Became an $8 Billion Franchise|url=http://adage.com/article/media/nickelodeon-s-spongebob-8b-kid-franchise/137866/|work=AdvertisingAge|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> It is an aa the maist distributed property of [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<ref name=MTV>{{cite web |url=http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |title=Nickelodeon Celebrates Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants decade |work=Media News International |first=Rosina |last=Stock |date=June 24, 2009 |accessdate=July 14, 2009 |archive-date=2009-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626060310/http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''SpongeBob'' is viewed in 170 countries speakin 24 leids, an haes an aa acome "a killer merchandising app".<ref>{{cite news|last=Hinckley|first=David|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' gets closer look on VH1 with 10th anniversary documentary on Nickelodeon hit|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-closer-vh1-10th-anniversary-documentary-nickelodeon-hit-article-1.426636|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> The title character and his friends hae been uised as a theme for special editions of well-kent faimily buird gemmes, includin [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Networks' Nickelodeon Kids and Family Group Puts a Digital Spin on Classic Hasbro Games Featuring Dora The Explorer and SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mtv-networks-nickelodeon-kids-and-family-group-puts-a-digital-spin-on-classic-hasbro-games-featuring-dora-the-explorer-and-spongebob-squarepants-58463892.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[The Game of Life|Life]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Onyett|first=Charles|title=The Game of Life -SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/10/the-game-of-life-spongebob-squarepants-edition-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 10, 2008}}</ref> and [[Operation (game)|Operation]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Ward|first=Kate|title=Hasbro lets us operate on SpongeBob. Which TV character would you like to get inside?|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=November 28, 2009|archive-date=2009-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204035456/http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as a ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' edition of [[Ants in the Pants]],<ref>{{cite web|title=ANTS IN THE SQUARE PANTS|url=http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622093031/http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Yahtzee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AHTZEE Jr. SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Card Game|url=http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620001213/http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' signed a marketing deal wi [[Target Corporation]] and Burger King, expanding its merchandising.<ref name="The Stretch"/> The popularity of SpongeBob haes translated well intae sales figures. In 2002, SpongeBob SquarePants dolls sauld at a rate of 75,000 per week, which wis faster than [[Tickle Me Elmo]] dolls war selling at the time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-spongebob.htm|title=Life's good for SpongeBob|last=Strauss|first=Gary|date=May 17, 2002|work=USA Today |accessdate=November 8, 2008|archiveurl=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-sponge-bob.htm|archivedate=May 21, 2013}}</ref> SpongeBob haes gained popularity in Japan, specifically wi Japanese weemen. Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom purposefully targeted marketing at weemen in the kintra. Skeptics initially doubted that SpongeBob coud be popular in Japan, as the character's design is very different from already popular designs for [[Hello Kitty]] and [[Pikachu]].<ref name="SFGate">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/01/24/entertainment/e091755S47.DTL |title=SpongeBob Goes Trendy to Win Japan Fans |last=Kageyama |first=Yuri |date=January 24, 2007 |publisher=''[[The San Francisco Chronicle]]'' |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405192838/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2007%2F01%2F24%2Fentertainment%2Fe091755S47.DTL |archivedate=April 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Ratings and merchandise sales showed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes caught on wi parents and wi college audiences.<ref name=LADN/> In a recent promotion, college-oriented website Music.com gae away 80,000 ''SpongeBob'' T-shirts, fower times mair nor during a seemilar promotion for [[Comedy Central]]'s ''[[South Park]]''.<ref name=LADN>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=March 8, 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Kids' meal tie-ins hae been released in snacks and [[fast food restaurant]]s in mony pairts of the world, includin Burger King in Europe and North America, as well as [[Wendy's]] in North America, an [[Hungry Jack's]] in Australie. A [[McDonald's]] [[Happy Meal]] tie-in wi SpongeBob-themed Happy Meal boxes and toys wis released in Europe and ither international markets in the simmer of 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.megamodo.com/200711368-spongebob-con-lhappy-meal-mcdonalds/&ei=RtliSsjdCceBtgf15oD6Dw&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSpongebob%2Bcon%2Bl%25E2%2580%2599Happy%2BMeal%2BMcDonald%25E2%2580%2599s%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1B2GGFB_enUS223US224 |title=SponbgeBob SquarePants Happy Meal |accessdate= |date= |work=Megamodo}}</ref> In Australie, the advertisement for the McDonald's ''SpongeBob'' Happy Meal won the [[Pester power|Pester Power]] Award acause the ads are entice young children to want its food acause of the free toy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stark|first=Jill|title=Maccas takes out 'pester power' prize|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/maccas-takes-out-pester-power-prize/2007/10/04/1191091281190.html|work=The Age|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 5, 2007|location=Melbourne}}</ref> As a tie-in beverage for the DVD release of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', [[7-Eleven]] released the leemitit edition "Under-the-Sea Pineapple [[Slurpee]]" in Mairch 2004.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meitner|first=Sarah Hale|title=Slurpee Galaxy Expands With Nod To 'Star Wars'|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2005-03-02/news/0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors|work=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 2, 2005|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.orlandosentinel.com%2F2005-03-02%2Fnews%2F0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors&date=2013-05-24|archivedate=2013-05-24|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pirate's Booty]] released leemitit edition ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Pirate's Booty snacks in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Pirates Booty $1 at Target|url=http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|publisher=Totally Target|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 30, 2013|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501235155/http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SplashPants Sweepstakes 5/31/13 1PPD4-14|url=http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|publisher=Sweetis Sweeps|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327205612/http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, heich-end ''SpongeBob''-themed electronics hae been introduced by [[Imation]] Electronics Products unner the Npower brand, includin MP3 players, digital cameras, a DVD player, an a [[flat panel display|flatscreen]] television.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Veneziani|first1=Vince|title=Nickelodeon's NPower Lineup Of Electronics|url=http://techcrunch.com/2007/09/27/nickelodeons-npower-lineup-of-electronics/|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=June 28, 2014|date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> Pictures of SpongeBob SquarePants an aa began to appear on the labels of 8 oz. cans of [[Green Giant]] cut green beans and frozen packages of Green Giant green beans and butter sauce, which featurt free stickers in 2007 as pairt of an initiative to encourage kids to eat thair vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |title=Nickelodeon Expands Healthy Food Initiative with Green Giant |publisher=Promomagazine.com |date=May 31, 2007 |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |archive-date=2010-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230024017/http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Simmons Jewelry Co. released a $75,000 diamond pendant as pairt o a ''SpongeBob'' collection.<ref name=Pendant>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=High Fashion Hits Bikini Bottom|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=''Viacom''|date=January 14, 2009|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024030133/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|url-status=dead}}</ref> In New Zealand, the UK-based Beechdean Group unveiled the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Vanilla Ice Cream character product as pairt o a licence deal wi Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Vanilla Ice Cream|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-vanilla-ice-cream#.UbcBjOcwe5J|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 22, 2013}}</ref> NZ Drinks launched the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' bottled water.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Spring Water|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-spring-water#.UbcBF-cwe5I|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=June 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Build-A-Bear Workshop]] introduced the new ''SpongeBob SqaurePants'' collection in stores and online in North America on Mey 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dedman|first=Christie|title=Build A Bear SpongeBob Square Pants coming May 17|url=http://blog.al.com/bargain-mom/2013/04/build_a_bear_spongebob_square.html|publisher=AL.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Makes a Splash with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130515005084/en/Build-A-Bear-Workshop-Splash-SpongeBob-SquarePants-Collection|publisher=BusinessWire|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear welcomes the SpongeBob gang|url=http://www.retailingtoday.com/article/build-bear-welcomes-spongebob-gang|work=Retailing Today|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> Shoppers can dress thair SpongeBob and Patrick plush in a variety of claedin and accessories. Sandy Cheeks and Gary the Snail are an aa available as pre-stuffed minis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Edel|first=Ray|title=Make a splash with new SpongeBob SquarePants Collection at Build-A-Bear|url=http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|publisher=NorthJersey.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001122705/http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Build-A-Bear Workshop stores nationwide celebrated the arrival of SpongeBob wi a series of special events from Mey 17 throu Mey 19.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mierzejewski|first=Ali|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Meets Bikini Bottom with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://toybook.com/build-a-bear-workshop-meets-bikini-bottom-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection/|publisher=Toy Book|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> On Julie 13, 2013, [[Toyota]], wi Nickelodeon, unveiled a ''SpongeBob''-inspired [[Toyota Highlander]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Burden|first=Melissa|title=Toyota creates one-of-a-kind SpongeBob Highlander|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|work=Detroit News|accessdate=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713100514/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2014 Toyota Highlander wis launched on SpongeBob Day at the [[2013 San Diego Padres season|San Diego's Giants v. Padres game]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Megan|title=Introducing the 2014 SpongeBob SquarePants Toyota Highlander|url=http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|publisher=Automotive.com|accessdate=16 July 2013|date=15 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717194545/http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Busis|first=Hillary|title=SpongeBob Square...Car? Check out the cartoon's new 'concept vehicle' – EXCLUSIVE|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714103855/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brindusescu|first=Gabriel|title=Toyota to Unveil 2014 Highlander SpongeBob Edition [Video]|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/toyota-blog/toyota-to-unveil-2014-highlander-spongebob-edition-video-63013.html|work=Auto Evolution|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013}}</ref> The ''SpongeBob'' Toyota Highlander visited seiven U.S. locations during its release, includin the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando in Florida.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barari|first=Arman|title=SpongeBob-Themed Toyota Highlander by Nickelodeon|url=http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|publisher=Motor Ward|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112340/http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Footnotes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Works cited=== * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Banks|first=Steven|others=Schigiel, Gregg (Illustrator)|title=SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=https://archive.org/details/spongebobexposed0000bank|publisher=Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon| date=September 24, 2004|isbn=978-0-689-86870-2}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Experience: A Deep Dive Into the World of Bikini Bottom|year=2013|publisher=Insight Editions|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPRymAEACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|ref=harv|title=Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies|url=https://archive.org/details/makintoonsinside0000neuw| publisher=Allworth Communications, Inc|last=Neuwirth |first=Allan|isbn=1-58115-269-8|year=2003}} * {{cite book|last=Priebe|first=Kenneth A.|title=The Advanced Art of Stop-Motion Animation|year=2011|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-4354-5704-8|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |ref=harv| last =Lenburg | first =Jeff | title =Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award Winning and Legendary Animators |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinanimate0000lenb| publisher =Hal Leonard | year =2006 | isbn = 1-55783-671-X}} ==External links== * {{Wikiquote-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title|id=0206512}} * {{TV.com show|spongebob-squarepants|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{dmoz|Kids_and_Teens/Entertainment/Animation/Cartoons/SpongeBob_SquarePants|''SpongeBob SquarePants''}} * [http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html ''SpongeBob SquarePants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209054354/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html |date=2012-12-09 }} at the [[Big Cartoon DataBase]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}} [[Category:1990s American televeesion series]] [[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]] [[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:Childer's televeesion series]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] [[Category:Unnerwatter feection]] bq0100xcveyfq28uz9lngb1zjz70zz2 918532 918531 2026-06-20T20:13:10Z CiphriusKane 74958 Actual jist gauna TNT iss 918532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noscots}} {{Infobox television | show_name = SpongeBob SquarePants | image = SBSP logo.png | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * Comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref> *Slapstick *Surreal humor}} | runtime = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)<br />22 minutes (special episodes anly) | creautor = [[Stephen Hillenburg]] | developer = {{Plainlist| * [[Derek Drymon]] * [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]] * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] }} | creative_director = {{Plainlist| * Derek Drymon <small>(1999–2004)</small> * [[Vincent Waller]] <small>(2005–15)</small> }} | opentheme = "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme", performed by [[Patrick Pinney]] | endtheme = "SpongeBob Closing Theme", written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr | theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon<br />Mark Harrison<br />Stephen Hillenburg<br />Blaise Smith | composer = Steve Belfer<br />Nicolas Carr<br />Sage Guyton<br />Jeremy Wakefield<br />Brad Carow <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[The Blue Hawaiians]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />Eban Schletter <small>(2000–present)</small><br />Barry Anthony <small>(2006–15)</small> | vyces = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Kenny]] * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] * [[Rodger Bumpass]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Mr. Lawrence]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * ([[List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members|Complete list]]) }} | kintra = United States | leid = Inglis | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | picture_format = {{Plainlist| * [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | audio_format = {{Plainlist| * Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|05|01}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | num_seasons = 13 <!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--> | num_episodes = <onlyinclude>278</onlyinclude> | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Stephen Hillenburg * [[Paul Tibbitt]] <small>(2008–17)</small> * <small>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2006–08)</small> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Donna Castricone <small>(1999–2002)</small> * Helen Kafatic <small>(2002–04)</small> * Anne Michaud <small>(2001)</small> * Dina Buteyn <small>(2005–10)</small> * Jennie Monica Hammond <small>(2010–present)</small> * <small>'''Supervising Producers:'''</small> * Derek Drymon <small>(2002–04)</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2005–15)</small> * Marc Ceccarelli <small>(2015–present)</small> * Vincent Waller <small>(2015–present)</small> }} | list_episodes = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[United Plankton Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Rough Draft Korea (animation service) }} | distributor = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)<br />[[Paramount Television]] | relatit = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' | website = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants }} '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series chronicles the adventures an endeavors o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various friends in the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it mak a [[media franchise]], as well as the heichest rated series tae ever air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distributed property o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--> As of 2024, the media franchise haes generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> Mony of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which Hillenburg creatit in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}</ref> He began developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 upon the cancellation of ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny]], who haed worked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreeginally going tae be named ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'', but thir war baith changed, as the name wis already trademarked. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airing of the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards]]. The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes received warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its seicont season. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in theaters on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series began airing its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth season]], beginnin wi the episode "Whirly Brains". In Mey 2017, the show wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t season. The series haes won a variety of awards, includin six [[Annie Award]]s, aicht [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|Golden Reel Awards]], twa [[Emmy Award]]s, 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]], and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Awards]]. Despite its widespread popularity, the series haes been involved in several public controversies, includin ane centred on speculation over SpongeBob's intendit sexual orientation, an anither focusing on the perceived declining quality of the show's content syne the release of the first film. In 2011, a newly describit species of fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named efter the cartoon's title character. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}} [[Category:1990s American televeesion series]] [[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]] [[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:Childer's televeesion series]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] [[Category:Unnerwatter feection]] gmtjb7rw848faxu3eodxs4gsbxwms5q 4 223455 918533 918128 2026-06-20T22:58:36Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 918533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-31 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-28 | [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-25 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-29 | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-19 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-04-02 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George Reid MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-04 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-12 | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-25 | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Jackie Baillie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-08 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-07-04 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-18 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-06 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[David Whitton]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-26 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-31 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-03 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-31 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-28 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-03-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-29 | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[John Young]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Christine May]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[David Davidson]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-10 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-07 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir|Stennie]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-10-19 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-20 | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Purvis of Tweed crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[John McAllion]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-05 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-21 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-18 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-08 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-26 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:AlexRowleyMSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Harry Cavanagh meeting Graham Simpson MSP, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Alex Cole-Hamilton]] | | [[File:AlexCole-HamiltonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-22 | | [[Hertfordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Ash Regan]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-26 | | [[St Mary's Hospital]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1976 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Minister for Housing Paul McLennan (52781732883) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967<br/>1968 | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-22 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-21 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969<br/>1970 | | [[Girvan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s<br/>1962 | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Alex Kerr]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Laura Mitchell]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Kate Nevens]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Roz McCall]] | | [[File:Roz Mccall In Dunfermline.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Douglas Lumsden 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[Thomas Kerr]] | | [[File:Thomas Kerr Official MSP portrait 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[Mark Simpson]] | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[Laura Moodie]] | | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Colm Merrick]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Julie MacDougall]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[Katherine Sangster]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Tim Eagle]] | | [[File:Tim eagle 24.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[David Kirkwood]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Holly Bruce]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[Irshad Ahmed]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Irshad Ahmed MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[Michelle Campbell]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Michelle Campbell (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Adam Harley]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[Simita Kumar]] | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[Iris Duane]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Iris Duane MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Duncan Dunlop]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[Cara McKee]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[Helen McDade]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[David Smith]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[Q Manivannan]] | | [[File:Q Manivannan (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996<br/>1997 | | [[Tamil Nadu]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[Katie Hagmann]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[Jack Middleton]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[Zen Ghani]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[Sanne Dijkstra-Downie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Sanne Dijkstra-Downie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[Duncan Massey]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[Yi-pei Chou Turvey]] | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill]] | | [[File:Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[Angela Ross]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Angela Ross MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[Amanda Bland]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Amanda Bland (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[Hannah Mary Goodlad]] | | [[File:Hannah Mary Goodlad Scottish Parliament Portrait 2026.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[Jamie Langan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Kim Schmulian]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Lloyd Melville]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[Senga Beresford]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Senga Beresford (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[Mandy Lindsay]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[Max Bannerman]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Max Bannerman MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[Kristopher Leask]] | | [[File:Kristopher Leask, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[Vic Currie]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[Morven-May MacCallum]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[Dawn Black]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[Kate Campbell]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[David Barratt]] | | [[File:Official portrait of David Barratt MSP 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[Gary Bouse]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[Andrew Baxter]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[Donald MacKinnon]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[Joe Fagan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[David Green]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[Joe Long]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[Pauline Stafford]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[Jenny Young]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[Calum Kerr]] | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-05 | | [[Gallae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[Heather Anderson]] | | [[File:Heather Anderson official portrait as an MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-01-31 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[Malcolm Offord]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Offord of Garvel crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-05 | | [[Greenock]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 4ucef2mw9vp5kwclmd8uo7dq64i8jbt 2 225865 918528 918127 2026-06-20T16:07:43Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 918528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item (wdt:P495)* wd:Q22 } |sort=label |columns=label:label,P31,P18,P571,P577,P136 |thumb=128 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! label ! instance o ! eemage ! date o foondation or creation ! date o publication ! genre |- | ''[[:d:Q16323131|100 Pipers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:100 Pipers bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4638043|44 Scotland Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48814513|5 Star Wrestling]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130348409|A Bear Named Wojtek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17517379|animated short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202866|animatit film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656103|A Cool Head]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30638714|A Dark so Deadly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q347332|A Disaffection]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656829|A Foot in the Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107680425|A frog he would a-wooing go]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1549" | 1549 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4657112|A Good Hanging and Other Stories]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3549611|A Legend of Montrose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Walter Scott Legend of Montrose Illustration.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q120097613|A little child the Saviour came]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408011|A Lost Lady of Old Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55081833|A Practical Guide to a Spectacular Suicide]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4659095|A Question of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659137|A Ramble Round the Globe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q103296523|A Rooster, "Gallas Furcatus," Forked Tail Wild Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103296534|A Rooster, "Gallus Oeneus," Wild Golden Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4359779|A Song of Stone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[Science fiction|science feection]]<br/>''[[:d:Q197949|post-apocalyptic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659839|A Stranger Came Ashore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-07 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''<br/>[[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4660121|A Thread of Scarlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4646807|A' Cleachdadh na Gàidhlig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137165572|Abaire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113336119|Abandoned Stars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5741069|rock baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-15 | | [[Progressive metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q212348|Aberdeen Angus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Angus cattle 10.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Abernethy biscuit]] | | [[File:Abernethy Biscuits..jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138880137|Ablutions]]'' | ''[[:d:Q580807|albumen print]]'' | [[File:Ablutions (2015.67.61).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96192714|Accidents and disasters on land]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Accidents and disasters on land.pdf|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4691060|Against a Dark Background]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399495|Ah, Chloris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11019883|Air ais air an Ran Dan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q13484144|Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013<br/>2020 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53866684|Aironauts]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q10299630|Amélia II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia II (3º) croped.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4749698|An Account of Capers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16821450|An Account of Corsica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:An Account of Corsica, title page.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138179461|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135529092|Analecta Graeca Minora]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790s | |- | ''[[:d:Q4751170|Anam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30590462|Ancestor Stones]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4753430|And the Land Lay Still]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104791679|Andrina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2851345|Anne of Geierstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Anne of G 1829.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108856925|Aon Teanga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4784939|Arbroath smokie]]'' | | [[File:Arbroath Smokies - geograph.org.uk - 481678.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121628098|Argyll aircraft engine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1753786|sleeve valve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Argyll aircraft engine.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2600426|Arms of Mary]]'' | ''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1992 | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2047814|Palingsound]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104099453|Art and archaeology papers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399249|Auld Gudeman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102961830|Autumn River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:Autumn River - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1979.0303P.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q793281|Ayrshire cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Biggle cow book (Plate III) (6835787694).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30646489|Bad Hotel]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q687397|Ballantine's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]'' | [[File:Scotch Whisky (aka).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56275857|Band of the Royal Regiment of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1078286|military band]]'' | [[File:The Band of The Royal Regiment of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q86752397|Bannan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108472340|Battalion of Flies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Bay City Rollers]] | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:BayCityRollers1976RobBogaerts.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]]<br/>''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837837|power pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76092|glam rock]]''<br/>[[Pop muisic|pop]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89285051|Beach Bounce]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q37619|Bearded Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Bearded Collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61642181|Beats]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-01-24<br/>2019-05-17<br/>2019-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4880450|Beggars Banquet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4883072|Bell's whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:BellScotch.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816198|Belted Galloway]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4885960|Ben Jonson Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399616|Bess the Gawkie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122310744|Big Crown: Showdown]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-14 | |- | ''[[:d:Q51756400|Big Gold Dream]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q26492705|Bird Magic No. 10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[abstract airt]] |- | ''[[:d:Q471241|Bis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3612973|Black & Blue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4920219|Black & White]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black & White (whisky) bottle 04.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Black bun]] | | [[File:Black bun cut open.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16971600|Black Dog Scotch Whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black Dog Scotch Whisky Logo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4922585|Blackbird]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q21010853|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25635147|Blas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11483816|annual event]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4925907|Bleeding Hearts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4927621|Blood Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q24256086|Bloons TD 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q885603|Blue Angels Motorcycle Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q182391|motorcycle club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849110|outlaw motorcycle club]]'' | [[File:Blue Angels Erpe-Mere.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399465|Blue bonnets over the border]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297548|Blue Flower]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38450|Blue Paul Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4929839|Blue Shoes and Happiness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137649426|Blàrag a' Bhò]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4934527|Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-12 | ''[[:d:Q1153173|educational entertainment]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34222620|Bonnie Chirsty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37710|border collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Argentine border collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407754|Border Life]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326445|Boreray sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Boreray Ewes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16845069|Bothy band]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3066180|bouncy techno]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106648058|Bowie family of Maryland]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4952596|Boyracers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q223945|Bildungsroman]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21997425|Break the Chains]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109923688|Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q108611897|horse racing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q63610141|Breve Historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03 | |- | [[Bridie]] | | [[File:Bridie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16846610|Brighton Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4975393|Brose]]'' | [[fuid]] | [[File:Atholl brose.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138773600|Brothers Reid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297846|Brount]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q32094891|Brut@l]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-09 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106511534|Bubba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15632617|feectional human]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569167|gemme character]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4982543|Buchanan's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4984149|Buddha Da]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20200837|Bunessan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16954518|Bunkered]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20638877|Butcher's Broom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | [[Butterie]] | | [[File:Aberdeen Buttery.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Caber toss]] | | [[File:Caber 2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5016556|Cado Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37888|Cairn Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Cairn-Terrier-Garten1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136001349|Cala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5019561|calf's liver and bacon]]'' | | [[File:Calf's liver, bacon and mash at Staplefield, West Sussex, England 1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128969|Calimero]]'' | ''[[:d:Q63952888|anime television series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5027077|Camp Coffee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle, essence (AM 629460).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5030993|Canal Dreams]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q131303582|Canty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q617216|caramel shortbread]]'' | | [[File:Millionaire's shortbread.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3221381|Castle Dangerous]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-11 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5050556|Castlemilk Moorit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Borris the ram shorn.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2277829|Catriona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Catriona (novel).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107537699|Chaotic Youth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621198|Chick's Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5098501|Children of This Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1069502|Chivas Regal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:Chivas regal 12yo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4021847|Christmas Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105702790|Christmas video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17352486|Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Chronicles of the Canongate 1st series.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | |- | [[Clapshot]] | | [[File:Clapshot and oatcakes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q463230|claymore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]'' | [[File:Scottish claymore replica (Albion Chieftain)2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Clootie dumplin]] | | [[File:Clootie dumpling.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25217364|Close to the Bone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5136184|Club Cupid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[reality telly]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115740539|Club Life]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-04-13 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | [[Clydesdale horse]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:3 Clydesdale horses.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Cock-a-leekie]] | | [[File:Cock-a-leekie Soup.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124851344|Come, Holy Spirit , descend on us]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585929|Come, Labor On]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q122378424|Commands & Colors: Ancients]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28945174|CommonSpace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1153191|online newspaper]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156663|Complicity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156775|composite rules shinty–hurling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5158085|Conall Cra Bhuidhe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827781|Conquer the Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5163254|Consolevania]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q747339|contra dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | [[File:Glen Echo Park contra dance.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139023201|Conversations in Gaelic and English]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q1346592|bitext]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410671|Corryvreckan]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3436601|Count Robert of Paris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133224168|Countrywoman's Calendar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16952451|Crabbie's]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383629|Crabbit Granny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5180351|Cracked]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] |- | [[cranachan]] | ''[[:d:Q182940|dessert]]'' | [[File:Cranachan (4332953688).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002602|Crime]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109620644|Crimond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5188589|Crossfire]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57705951|Cruinn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136001121|Culla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Cullen skink]] | [[soup]] | [[File:Cullen Skink.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849873|Cunningham]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | [[Curlin]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]'' | [[File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3007961|Cutty Sark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle of Cutty Sark Scotch Whisky with box.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-03-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126477332|Cygni: All Guns Blazing]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-08-06 | ''[[:d:Q1044478|shoot 'em up]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410399|Côr Harmony]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38336|Dandie Dinmont Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4037031|Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q208189|real-time strategy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18350426|Dateline Scotland]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585958|Day is Done]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5243100|Daybreak Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245078|Dead Air]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112031241|Dead Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Dead Pony (52072572184).jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3617562|Dead Souls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245442|Dead Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5247573|Death of a Ladies' Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-07-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80657151|Debate Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q181761|deep-fried Mars bar]]'' | | [[File:DeepFriedMarsBar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3301197|deep-fried pizza]]'' | ''[[:d:Q116392487|type of pizza]]'' | [[File:Deep Fried Pizza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251004|Deeside]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251821|Degrassi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | [[Dewar's]] | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:DewarsLogo.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846 | | |- | [[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]] | ''[[:d:Q3327521|online dictionary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131344705|dictionary of the Scots language]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9207544|Dimple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5280892|Dirk dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66456966|Discovery and Excavation in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q21834496|archaeology journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5296225|Donkey Punch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5297243|Doors Open]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q115803710|Doughnuts and Doom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q725377|graphic novel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2561438|slice of life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18150777|Downfall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | [[Drambuie]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:New drambuie bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109405060|Dujanah]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17505244|Dumfries Courier]]'' | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | | |- | [[Dundee cake]] | | [[File:Dundee cake.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1266163|Dunlop cheese]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire's Dunlop Cheese.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56279760|Dàin do Eimhir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5325340|Eagleowl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Eagleowl promo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1317816|indie folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q959914|Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002812|Edinburgh Crystal]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338215|Edinburgh Law Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746654|law review]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338306|Edinburgh rock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]'' | [[File:Edinburgh Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137360821|Eemis Stane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5357317|Electric Brae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q83742490|Enough of Him]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | ''[[:d:Q25372|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31970514|Epic Battle Fantasy 4]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q112132374|Epic Battle Fantasy 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q5923834|Japanese role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2246627|Eriskay Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Eriskay pony beinn sciathan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398772|Espedair Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5399160|Espresso Tales]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q1347298|serialized fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5399414|Essays on Philosophical Subjects]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524602|Ettrick Banks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22075098|Even Dogs in the Wild]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-11-05 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5420395|Exit Music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-09-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q102964839|Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1980.013.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107529619|External Menace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621188|Fantasmagoria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102964931|Far from the Sea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5435395|Farl]]'' | [[breid]] | [[File:Ben W Bell Soda Bread Farl 05 June 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q92480206|Fast & Furious: Adrenaline]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5437606|Father Hilary's Holiday]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437626|Father Malachy's Miracle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524785|Fee him, Father]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20012196|FFS]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:FFS (Franz Ferdinand & Sparks) @ Albert Hall, Manchester 25-8-2015 (20284011824).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15749735|Film-Philosophy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1256352|Filth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | [[Finnan haddie]] | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965122|Five Colours]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3797845|Fleshmarket Close]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5464691|Follow Follow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244114|For ever, Fortune]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25171666|Forward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5479814|Francie and Josie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5493518|Fraochy Bay]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q411924|Frazier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5504828|fritter roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83450990|From Scenes Like These]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18611377|From The Doctor to my son Thomas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110879246|video work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q471839|science feection film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3088307|Fromage d'Ayrshire]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506087|Frontline]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506409|fruit pudding]]'' | | [[File:Scottish breakfast pack.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5511555|Féillire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7832290|Gaelic folk music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q106537557|music by ethnic group]]''<br/>[[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16148439|Gaelic music]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5516932|Gahn family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>''[[:d:Q62274319|Swedish unintroduced noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66760350|Galaxy Girls]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q505149|Gallagher and Lyle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]'' | [[File:Gallagher and Lyle On Stage In Greenock.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q613408|country rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5519004|Gallery Whispers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124609645|Galloway Adriatic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1148385|straight-six]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Galloway Adriatic.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12018056|Galloway Atlantic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q245272|V12]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Paired Galloway Atlantic engines in a Handley Page V1500.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q935155|Galloway cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Galloway.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126326631|Galloway News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1868552|local newspaper]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138645059|Gangsta Bang - Introduction]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3414877|quest]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5523709|Garnock Way]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5564471|Girl in May]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q19765983|romantic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5416645|Glasgow Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1110794|daily newspaper]]''<br/>[[wabsteid]] | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382842|Glasgow's Docklands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | [[Glayva]] | | [[File:Glayva.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q154306|glen plaid]]'' | | [[File:Glen Plaid aka Prince of Wales check pattern.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840s | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5567537|Glen's Vodka]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2262510|Glue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125700841|Gnoss]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q125027573|Go, labor on; spend, and be spent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38686|Golden Retriever]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Golden Retriever Dukedestiny01 drvd.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5582797|Good Morning Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131538174|Good Words for the Young]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11780435|monthly magazine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1029418|children's magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584773|Gordon & MacPhail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38301|Gordon Setter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Orrvilas enska w800px.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Gowf]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212434|Olympic sport]]''<br/>[[habby]] | [[File:Golfer swing.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94830|Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-17 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | [[File:GTA The Ballad of Gay Tony at Igromir 2009 (4081942358).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-29 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85422949|video game with LGBT character]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4039669|Grant's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Full Range Grant's Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122362135|Grants Whisky Price in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]'' | [[File:Grant's Whisky 01.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100414305|Greazy Puzzy Fuckerz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:GPF on The Black stage Defqon1 - 2024-06-30.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q388906|hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34523520|Gree, bairnies, gree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1546243|Grice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18786396|pig breed]]'' | [[File:Grice reconstructed.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17778527|Grieg]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q84224774|Guilt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-24<br/>2019-10-30<br/>2019-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q2101714|police film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136384475|Gun Ghaol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[metalcore]] |- | [[haggis]] | | [[File:Haggis Mo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[haggis hurlin]] | [[sport]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877220|haggis pakora]]'' | | [[File:Haggis pakora.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5639068|Haig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle Haig Whiskey.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965929|Half Mile Walk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5642753|Hallam Foe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q184865|hammer throw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:John Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85234272|Hatted kit]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Hawick News]] | [[newspaper]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587139|Head for the Edge, Keep Walking]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109566683|Heavy Events]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1816033|competitive sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21654660|traditional sport]]'' | | data-sort-value="-1829" | -1829 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12059770|Hebridean]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean ram.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10518891|Hebridean pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean pony 1905.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q58903|Heelain cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:HighlandCow.01.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124357837|Heisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q116792313|Henderson family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5713678|Hendrick's Gin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>[[gin]] | [[File:Hendrick's gin 001.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600178|Hey, my bonnie wee lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5752197|Hide and Seek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[Hieland gemmes]] | ''[[:d:Q18608583|recurring sporting event]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82821|tradition]]'' | [[File:2006 Highland Games (4000821702).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Hieland pownie]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Platier oye poney highland bis.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q165704|high jump]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Yelena Slesarenko jumping 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5757308|High Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4345100|Highland Laddie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q211025|march]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599840|Highland Minstrel Boy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5759100|Highland River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Kenn and the Salmon.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5759332|Highlands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q7603925|documentary television program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5774258|Historical fencing in Scotland]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138950054|Hoagie]]'' | | [[File:Hoagie wrap - interior.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979295|hodden]]'' | | [[File:Hodden Grey.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5883004|Hollywood Undercover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1951776|Hooper Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59557805|unreleased album]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2076441|How Late It Was, How Late]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q120784241|iBomber Defense Pacific]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5990951|If You Liked School You'll Love Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6008981|In Another Light]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22251966|In the Cold Dark Ground]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4171155|In the Company of Cheerful Ladies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16994870|In:Demand Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108784923|Industria]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-30<br/>2022-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6035751|Innes Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6052728|International Research in Children's Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121320619|Introduction to Data Mining]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107495778|Inyal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827651|Iomain]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635039|Iomall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | [[Irn-Bru]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Barr IRN-BRU Sugar Free (3 of 3).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60594312|Iron]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1676212|I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6168304|Jazz Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408003|John Burnet of Barns]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386474|John Macnab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1232629|John Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2085381|publisher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1320047|book publisher]]'' | [[File:Murray John First.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | | |- | [[Johnnie Walker]] | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2424752|product]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Johnnie Walker Red Label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127273724|Johnstone Pipe Band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877127|Joseph Knight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6294829|Journal of Beckett Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15709992|Journal of Scottish Historical Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6296188|Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131749566|Jules and Greg's Wild Swim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326476|Kailyard school]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3326717|literary movement]]'' | | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6375447|Kate Crackernuts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 210 illustration in English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6383736|Keiller's marmalade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1252971|food manufacturer]]'' | [[File:Keillers marmalade cropped.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114051611|Kelvingrove]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6407655|Killie pie]]'' | | [[File:Killie Pies and Peas.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83455708|Kinnaris Quintet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102966954|Knackers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Knackers - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1971-070.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6423081|Knots and Crosses]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16871486|Knox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18344787|Lady Agnew of Lochnaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:John Singer Sargent - Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1892).jpeg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | | ''[[:d:Q134307|portrait]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q96278979|Lagavulin 16 years whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q902887|Islay single malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Single Islay Malt Whisky 16 years old.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q280|Lagavulin distillery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Destillery.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6473776|Laidlaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6474100|Laird of Burnbrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q355567|ryal or noble rank]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5737899|hereditary title]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6482902|Lanark: A Life in Four Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | [[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q102967917|Laughing - Crying]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16932445|Legit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6532725|Let It Bleed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113022702|LF System]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]'' | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | | ''[[:d:Q20502|house]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138798492|Liberty City Chapter 1: Gangsta Bang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q133296086|video game chapter]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6545063|Life and Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | [[Limmy's Show]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6552852|Lindsay of Evelix]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18759100|baronetcy]]''<br/>[[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635047|Linne Dhomhain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48699803|Live at Five]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126364793|Locomotive No. 10 El Esla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q785745|tank locomotive]]'' | [[File:Locomotive No. 10 El Esla - Sabero 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52243731|Logan Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244260|Logan Water]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17015965|London Calling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q263673|lorne sausage]]'' | | [[File:Cooked Scottish square sausage.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3823287|Lot No. 249]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Doyle - Une momie qui ressuscite.djvu|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9103398|Love Fist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6619719|fictional musical ensemble]]'' | | | | [[Heavy metal muisic|heavy metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3265916|Luckenbooth brooch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q499916|brooch]]'' | [[File:Luckenbooth brooches .jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386804|Luckypenny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1720712|Luing cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208989|beef cattle]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235797|Machair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108829896|Mackenzie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6724904|Maconochie]]'' | | [[File:Maconochie army ration, Musée Somme 1916, pic-110.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6726755|Made in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134585656|Manual Of Bacteriological Technique and Special Bacteriology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3992409|Marabou Stork Nightmares]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q109581872|experimental novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q919929|Marmion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Marmion 1st ed.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1808" | 1808 | ''[[:d:Q474090|narrative poetry]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114390692|Martyrdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386904|Marx the First]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25390447|Master Rallye]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | [[Maud]] | | [[File:Sir John Watson Gordon - James Hogg, 1770 - 1835. Poet; 'The Ettrick Shepherd' - Google Art Project.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Mealie]] | | [[File:Irish black and white pudding slices.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102320800|Mediaeval Scandinavia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112001238|Medicine Cabinet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6942541|musical collective]]'' | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6807652|Meeow!]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-05 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6815614|Memories and Portraits]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q135512349|Men in Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q787667|Middle of the Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Middle Of The Road 925-3455.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q997481|bubblegum music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6843484|Midwinter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923 | |- | ''[[:d:Q343749|Milligan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1936983|Miniature Shetland pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96393620|Modern Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3860275|Molly's Lips]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21030926|Monkey Shoulder]]'' | ''[[:d:Q944887|blended malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Monkey Shoulder Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148560|Morality for Beautiful Girls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3222487|More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Le dynamiteur.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6914355|Mortal Causes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6915172|Morvern Callar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6918341|Motormark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | ''[[:d:Q861823|electroclash]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56580|digital hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6935684|munchy box]]'' | | [[File:Munchy Box.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106306552|Murderous Pursuits]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-26 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6938794|Murmuring the Judges]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q62067286|Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82799|name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599929|My Highland home]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600031|My Nannie, O]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q61447836|My Romantic History]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599707|My wife has ta'en the gee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16998421|Nae Danger]]'' | | [[File:Nae Danger Brosef.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106584188|Neon Podcast Evangelion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011790|anime and manga podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105885182|science fiction podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105908617|film and television podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55114857|Night Kaleidoscope]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126834917|No Scotland No Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2489759|football chant]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114909458|sports anthem]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35734131|Nora's Vow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | [[North Ronaldsay sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:North ron sheep.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406327|North Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7062764|Nothing Human Left]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7065883|Now You See It]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114105442|NRP Albéria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]'' | [[File:Patrulha Albéria.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112920258|NRP Açor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202527|minesweeper]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3308902|naval trawler]]'' | [[File:Caça-Minas Açor (2º) (1916-1918).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113866724|NRP Tomás Andrea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2074370|minehunter]]'' | [[File:Caça-minas Thomáz Andréa (Tomás Andréa).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4320515|oatmeal raisin cookie]]'' | | [[File:Oatmeal Cookies with orange zest, golden raisins, and chocolate chips.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62604270|Observation]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27670585|science fiction video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16874548|Ochiltree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587083|Of the Balance of Trade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1752" | 1752 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7078954|Off the Ball]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140090056|Off The Boat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q98528277|Celtic folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q42967802|Ogilvie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16880666|Ogilvy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q844519|Oh No! More Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3234969|Old Mortality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales of My Landlord 1st series 1st edition.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102969297|On Imaginative Space]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7094173|Only Fade Away]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7095381|Ooops!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q725120|OpenTTD]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>[[free saftware]] | [[File:Cardhill Transport, 2000-06-25.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q1198141|business simulation game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106580670|Orphans of the Tide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-18<br/>2020-02-20 | ''[[:d:Q111984153|young adult fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7107453|Ossian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28452476|Out of Bounds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1646194|oxford]]'' | | [[File:Oxford cloth.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38980|Paisley Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Paisley1903.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7134646|Paragraph]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7140169|Partan bree]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102969608|Pastoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382671|Petrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q65197873|Philp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | [[File:00 1953 Folklore - bagpipe player.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816195|plaid]]'' | | [[File:GrantPiper.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Plain laif]] | | [[File:Plain bread.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225175|Politics Now]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225719|Pollok, Gilmour and Company]]'' | [[Business|buisiness]] | | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7228828|Poor Things]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123322|Porno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7232652|Portuguese Irregular Verbs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7234119|Postcode Challenge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7239029|Prayer for the Living]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q21803247|military fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2068990|Prince Otto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Prince Otto (first edition) (title page).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47074303|Pringle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3409032|unisex gien name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7246044|Private Angelo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | ''[[:d:Q128758|satire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908667|war novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q97356280|Project Moonbase]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105580963|music podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105011645|comedy podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124356748|Psychoanalytic studies of personality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20540385|non-fiction literary work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-01 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018459|Publications of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q953459|quaich]]'' | | [[File:Robinwoodquaich.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2469230|Quentin Durward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q134717368|Quentin Durward (1912 edition)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135209247|Quick As Thieves]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7283174|Ragnarawk]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q584105|music video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q28127686|Rather Be the Devil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7296891|Raw Spirit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | |- | [[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1366112|drama television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018559|Recent advances in surgery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018570|Records of the Scottish Church History Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | [[Red Kola]] | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | |- | [[Reestit mutton]] | | [[File:Reestit mutton in butcher's window, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1590613.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130975239|Reforj]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q116278106|survival sandbox video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7309799|Reheated Cabbage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7312846|Rendition: Guantanamo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61475894|cancelled/unreleased video game]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7316544|Resurrection Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q99630482|rivlin]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383631|Robot Three]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135656125|Roll of the Baronage of Scotland]]'' | [[wabsteid]]<br/>''[[:d:Q33270056|genealogy database]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7094076|online database]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9312094|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Time Twister]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11835185|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Wacky Worlds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-18 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9312099|RollerCoaster Tycoon: Corkscrew Follies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362712|Romanno Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362837|Romanticism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64632119|Rosa ‘Alec’s Red’]]'' | ''[[:d:Q26817508|rose cultivar]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1825420|Rose's lime juice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Rose's Lime Juice.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018832|Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh publication]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7374788|Royal Salute whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Chivas38years.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116609986|Rumahoy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Rumahoy.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | | ''[[:d:Q3389124|pirate metal]]''<br/>[[Fowk metal]]<br/>[[Pouer metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7380801|Rushen Coatie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 150 illustration in More English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132175284|Saber Came to Tea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48811805|Sacred Paws]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Sacred Paws at Rough Trade.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399865|Sae flaxen were her ringlets]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7398517|Safe as Houses]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17017964|Saints of the Shadow Bible]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q88296934|Saor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Saor Dark Troll 2023 02.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | ''[[:d:Q65937017|atmospheric black metal]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7420877|Saorsa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q56289964|Sarah's Room]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q110941133|Scathe]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27902416|Schaw Statutes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q234460|text]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34221604|Scornfu' Nancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scot Squad]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scotch ale]] | ''[[:d:Q1998962|beer style]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896374|Scotch broth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18697490|lamb dish]]'' | [[File:Lunch at Inveraray Castle - Scotch broth (14342541740).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3476136|Scotch Fancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20011823|canary breed]]'' | [[File:Our canaries (18960100635).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotch pie]] | | [[File:Scotch pie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]'' | | [[File:The World of Scotch Whisky.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotland]] | [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|constituent kintra o the Unitit Kinrick]] | [[File:Scotland from satellite.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="843" | 843 | | |- | [[Scotland the Brave]] | [[Naitional anthem]] | [[File:Scotland the Brave.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406251|Scotland Today]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435657|Scotland Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15607891|Scotland's Future]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107473448|Scotland's Home of the Year]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125471642|Scotland's National]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125471605|national tartan]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1125192|Scots Confession]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183770|Christian creed]]'' | [[File:Scots Confession.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1560" | 1560 | |- | [[Scots Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Scotish terrier burleska 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435802|Scotsmac]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Scotsport]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2878361|Scottish Backhold]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37929|Scottish Deerhound]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Deerhound 305.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437707|Scottish Dunface]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42636|Scottish Fold]]'' | ''[[:d:Q43577|cat breed]]'' | [[File:Purple-scottish-fold.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3094259|Scottish Gaelic punk]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28820001|musical scene]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762641|The Scottish Historical Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437800|Scottish Journal of Theology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437854|Scottish Medical Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q73897617|toll-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5953270|hybrid open access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24993955|Scottish Morning Roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1970833|Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69502940|polar expedition]]'' | [[File:Scotia on Laurie Island.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437943|Scottish Review of Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163546|Secret of the Sands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124643088|Seeds of Desolation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Daith metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113539840|Sena]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Sena (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10605137|Set in Darkness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q633547|sgian-dubh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15142889|weapon family]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland (TV series)|Shetland]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17019069|Shetland cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495670|Shetland duck]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110536225|duck breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495662|Shetland Goose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59453852|goose breed]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland pownie|Shetland pony]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland pony (2).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shetland sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland sheep moorit.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shinty]] | | [[File:CabersGlasgow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106586985|Shipwreck Island]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-04 | ''[[:d:Q1233720|young adult literature]]'' |- | [[shortbreid]] | | [[File:Shortbread fingers.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q180935|shot put]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Remigius Machura senior CZ championships in athletics Kladno 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7504321|Shrug]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Shrug - December 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q20713615|SIA Scotch Whisky]]'' | | [[File:SIA Scotch Whisky Bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019022|Sidewalk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q179221|Silly Wizard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Silly Wizard2007.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748836|Simple Minds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:-NIMES -170618 Nimes SM2018 mk2 MG 9308-Edit.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | ''[[:d:Q187760|new wave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q379033|arena rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399972|Sing on, sing on]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407918|Sir Quixote of the Moors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q205234|siren]]'' | | [[File:Pneumatic siren.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117743230|Six Four]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3486108|Skagboys]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535484|Skinner's Ghosts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535486|Skinner's Mission]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535488|Skinner's Ordeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535492|Skinner's Round]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535490|Skinner's Rules]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535493|Skinner's Trail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535893|skirlie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746549|dish]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q152532|Skol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | |- | [[Skye Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Skye terrier 800.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124313941|Sleep, Dearie, Sleep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1229479|lamentation]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114842527|Slow Roads]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>''[[:d:Q178285|freeware]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-10-22 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38790|Smooth Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Smooth Collie 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135016000|Snake Venom Beer]]'' | [[beer]]<br/>''[[:d:Q687737|Bock]]'' | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q188407|Snow Patrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Snow Patrol Band.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q502330|Soay sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Horned Soay ram close-up.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109647834|Solar Flux]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-10-24<br/>2013-12-19<br/>2018-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48700473|Soldier's Dream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7560123|Something Leather]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7562723|Soor ploom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7571846|sowans]]'' | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122196512|Spalding family]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108412167|Spinning Coin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7579584|Sporting Lucas Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7581984|SquareGo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08 | ''[[:d:Q69662460|video game magazine]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7582190|Squeak!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4675044|St. Ives]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ives - frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232270|St. Ronan's Well]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ronan 1824.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-12-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16545107|Standing in Another Man's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-11-08 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7601283|starrie]]'' | | [[File:Star Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q283638|Stealers Wheel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stealers Wheel - TopPop 1973 9.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | ''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31797868|STEALL]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7615983|Stewart of Balquhidder]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7619276|Stonemouth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107570722|Stories of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011823|history podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106625351|society and culture podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106462625|places and travel podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7620316|Stornoway black pudding]]'' | | [[File:Stornoway Black Pudding.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Stovies]] | [[fuid]] | [[File:Stovies.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7623883|Striking and Picturesque Delineations of the Grand, Beautiful, Wonderful, and Interesting Scenery Around Loch-Earn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3976065|String Driven Thing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q649634|progressive folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7624072|Strip Jack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7628082|Studies in World Christianity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394864|STV Appeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-09-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394869|STV News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1358344|news program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7394875|STV Rugby]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394876|STV Sports Centre]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4050322|Suffocate Me]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169930|Extended play]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7639411|Sunday Herald]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2302208|Sunday newspaper]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7639435|Sunday Live]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3655833|Sunset Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | |- | ''[[:d:Q138772740|SVR-Baureihe G4]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20650761|tender locomotive]]'' | [[File:SVR G4 Nr. 186 Lieferfoto.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16884098|Swanston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112039696|Swim School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Swim School (52074599463).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65958455|Sword of Asumi]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3502845|tablet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110220935|Sinterklaas candy]]'' | [[File:Butter tablet.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60754147|Talisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:"Talisk and Gardiner Brothers presents Unleashed" concert 04.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q140088849|Tanzana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Tanzana - 482.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | | |- | [[Tartan]] | | [[File:Three tartans.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q944307|Tartan Noir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1328330|hardboiled]]'' |- | [[Tattie scone]] | | [[File:Scone varieties.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7691104|Tea Time for the Traditionally Built]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7691183|Teacher's Highland Cream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Teacher's Highland Cream 20cl bottle 1.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148516|Tears of the Giraffe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q54868317|Teenage Superstars]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q93204|documentarie film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113539814|Tete]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Tete (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7711289|That Summer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2717772|The Abbot]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:The Abbot 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7712228|The Accounting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7712251|The Acid House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7714323|The Arran Banner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q743137|The Associates]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Billy-Mackenzie-Dundee-Scotland-1985.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | ''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3791280|The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232591|The Betrothed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Betrothed 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7718176|The Bishop]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7718257|The Black Book]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224969|The Black Dwarf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Sir Walter Scott - Elshie, The Black Dwarf.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1217958|The Blue Afternoon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2411893|The Body Snatcher]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Wrong Box and The Body-Snatcher book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-12 | ''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34521753|The Book of Scottish Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7719471|The Botanist]]'' | | [[File:The Botanist Islay Dry Gin 03.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q896059|The Boys of the Lough]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43343|fowk muisic]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35600286|The Bridal Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2659725|The Bride of Lammermoor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Charles Robert Leslie - Sir Walter Scott - Ravenswood and Lucy at the Mermaiden's Well - Bride of Lammermoor.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4304488|The Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34523326|The Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16849669|The Busconductor Hines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600393|The Bush aboon Traquair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720737|The Business]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720943|The Cairngorms]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20617543|The Celtic Monthly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7721856|The Celtic View]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727087|The Complaints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7727319|The Cone Gatherers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19902801|The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909 | [[cuikin]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85806850|The Cotter's Saturday Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The toil-worn cottar....engraving by William Miller after Faed.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727846|The Course of Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727866|The Courts of the Morning]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16241321|The Crow Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7728533|The Cutting Room]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7728834|The Dancing Floor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926<br/>1926-07 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48799259|The Dark Horse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | [[File:The Dark Horse Issue 17.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30078025|The Devil That Danced on the Water: A Daughter's Quest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730406|The Divided Lady]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730727|The Double Comfort Safari Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19362881|The dress]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2927074|internet meme]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123261191|optical illusion image]]'' | [[File:Wikipe-tan wearing The Dress reduced.svg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4674957|The Ebb-Tide. A Trio and a Quartette]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson's new story, The ebb-tide.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q52243476|The Emigrant's Farewell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3209885|The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Fair Maid of Perth Illustration 1859.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7733256|The Falls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16062387|The Field of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85807163|The Fire Gospel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734296|The Five Thirty Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734499|The Flood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3230799|The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Nigel 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-05-29 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q69780430|The Fourth Sacrifice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7735651|The Gallovidian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106877405|The ghost]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7736610|The Girl on the Stairs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7960828|The Good Husband of Zebra Drive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7738170|The Green Isle of the Great Deep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7738755|The Hanging Garden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2091094|The Heart of Midlothian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Whistler James Arrangement in Yellow and Grey Effie Deans 1877.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109622189|The Hermit of Treig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11578774|broadcasting program]]''<br/>[[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-05 | |- | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739651|The Highlander]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30598561|The Hired Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739797|The History of Orkney Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q76780872|The Home of a Naturalist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q112983|memoir]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7740720|The House with the Green Shutters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386409|The Island of Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7743629|The Journal of Sir Walter Scott]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Journal of Sir Walter Scott.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4148524|The Kalahari Typing School for Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7744522|The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50400004|The Laird o' Cockpen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38063812|The Laird o' Lamington]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q39071320|The Late Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7746381|The Law]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Law.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7747260|The Light Princess]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16386716|The Little Friend]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7748150|The Loner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-03-31 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20664530|crime literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3521717|The Mackenzies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7749994|The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2615930|The Master of Ballantrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Themasterofballantreacover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q29830265|The Memory of Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232887|The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Merrymencover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362964|The Minstrel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1771" | 1771<br/>1774 | [[Poetry]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7751631|The Miracle at Speedy Motors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25171819|The Missing and the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224650|The Monastery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Monastery 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7752117|The Month of the Falling Leaves]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125415042|The monthly record of the Free Church of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102974587|The Mountains of Holland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136468173|The Munros]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753075|The Naming of the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[The National]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753227|The National Youth Pipe Band of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21997676|The Natural History of Aleppo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | |- | ''[[:d:Q89554752|The Nest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7754192|The Nightshift]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65121308|The Nine]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7754620|The Oban Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399414|The Old Scottish Gentleman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30504|The Pastels]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Pastels.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3225628|The Pirate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Pirate 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111143082|pirate fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133225145|The Place-Names of Dumfriesshire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7757907|The Power-House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2992437|The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | ''[[:d:Q110540276|satirical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20737414|philosophical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16259578|The Quarry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7759357|The Rajah's Diamond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Rajah's Diamond Cover.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878<br/>1878-06 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27887393|The Red Chair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | | ''[[:d:Q170571|still life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7760409|The Return of John MacNab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399585|The Rose of Allandale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762300|The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762630|The Scots Independent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3522619|The Scots Magazine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1739" | 1739-02-09 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713036|The Scots Peerage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q277759|book series]]'' | [[File:The Scots Peerage book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019566|The Scottish educational journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762640|The Scottish Golf Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762742|The Sea-Maiden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Celtic Fairy Tales - Frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18153910|The Sex Lives of Siamese Twins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7763696|The Sharp Grey Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Thomas Barker (1769-1847) (style of) - A Shepherdess and Sheep - 960240 - National Trust.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[The Shetland Times]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235628|The Silverado Squatters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Silveradosquatters.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7764640|The Skinny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399516|The Soldier's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163405|The Spook School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Spook School (band).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7766351|The Stars in the Bright Sky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q151337|The State of the Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7766457|The Steep Approach to Garbadale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7766664|The Stooping Venus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713321|The Strange Death of Labour Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2468419|The Suicide Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Image taken from page 296 of 'The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond. (Extracted from “New Arabian Nights.)' (11230166996).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7767999|The Tale of the Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17022016|The Tales of Para Handy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q952340|The Talisman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Talisman 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1438448|The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193495|monograph]]'' | [[File:Adam Smith Moral Sentiments 1759.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1759" | 1759 | ''[[:d:Q742609|human naitur]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7769008|The Three Hostages]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97823855|The Tourists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2537887|The Two Babylons]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Two-babylons.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853 | ''[[:d:Q18536349|polemical lampoon]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019665|The Unicorn review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3230605|The Valorous Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7772590|The View from Daniel Pike]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600464|The Widow's Lament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7775906|The World, the Flesh, and Father Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2753955|The Wrecker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson, 1885.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3548866|The Wrong Box]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Thewrongboxcover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q53094|black comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15015194|Theory of the Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Trans Royal Society of Edinburgh cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q65580287|There Grows a Bonnie Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599554|There lives a young lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7785209|Thirty-five years in the Punjab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7797011|Thoughts of My Cats]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7801277|tiffin]]'' | | [[File:Scottish Tiffin.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7802867|Tilllate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7810921|To Every Man a Penny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | |- | ''[[:d:Q130442608|Tongues.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7824261|Tooth and Nail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7824470|Top Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110363629|Torridon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10700627|Tottie family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | [[File:Tottieska malmgården 2009b.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105722111|Towers of Everland]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q10915891|TRA Class BT40]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832486|locomotive class]]'' | [[File:Taiwan Railway Steam Locomotive No. 71.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]] | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q7834250|transgressive fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019751|Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3997517|Transition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7834524|Translation and Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124720713|Transport Tycoon: World Editor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q848362|Tremulous]]'' | [[video gemme]] | [[File:Tremulous - alien base grenade.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748677|Turtlehead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399436|Two Original Songs by Tannahill]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17104407|Two Wings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56244892|Tytler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3965250|Under the Skin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7897476|Unsolved]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-01-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34223348|Up amang yon cliffy rocks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7899993|Urban Realm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7900177|Urban the Ninth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7875683|USS Yacona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q331795|patrol vessel]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia III.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1518444|Vat 69]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:Whisky VAT69.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124045104|Verdict Guilty - 유죄 평결]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-06-13<br/>2023-02-16<br/>2023-03-15<br/>2023-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q846224|fechtin gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7923296|Vespers in Vienna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96414055|Vistas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1342485|Von Wright]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4349149|nobility of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q808113|Walking on Glass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-03-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q115046742|Walmer Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12859788|steamship]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127032002|WARD (Scottish)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q87712836|Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | [[Wast Hieland White Tarrie|Wast Hieland White Terrier]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:West Highland White Terrier Krakow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7973169|Watchman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7977735|We See Lights]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:We See Lights at the Leith Dockers Club.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q42201|independent music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1213386|Weir of Hermiston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Stevenson - Weir of Hermiston (1896).title.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7989828|Westwind]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17066530|When They Lay Bare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | [[Whisky]] | | [[File:A Glass of Whiskey on the Rocks.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7887604|Whisky Galore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | ''[[:d:Q193979|farce]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7994093|Whit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7995483|White Trash]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Pop muisic|pop]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60421981|Who's That Lady With My Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134556|single]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | ''[[:d:Q517415|Europop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58339|disco]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55642686|Wigilia]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q28026639|Christmas film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16531882|William Lawson's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399803|Willie was a wanton wag]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17039057|Witch Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8027856|Witch Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135975528|Without Permission]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8028891|Wknd@stv]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2257155|Wolfstone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stuart et Colin.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | ''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q606060|women's association football]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10708051|competition class]]'' | [[File:Pepi Piazza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3003796|women's lacrosse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Womens lacrosse1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569843|Woodstock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Frontispiece 1863 Woodstock-neat.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-04-28 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8036851|Worm of Linton]]'' | [[draigon]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130777372|Wrest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8038539|Writing on the Wall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q206159|psychedelic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113301675|Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q113644471|Ye Banks and Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80133851|Young Hunting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20714233|Your Cheatin' Heart]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1259759|miniseries]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5839193|Éire Óg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27962852|Étrangers au paradis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97587415|Ímar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771297|English folk music]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} 4pk82cwztzmlc6gm3snjpjbrpq63tgb 0 233526 918525 917613 2026-06-20T14:36:23Z ~2026-36109-45 133175 /* */ 918525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |birth_name= Clara Stack |birth_date= {{Birth date and age|2010|10|19}} |birth_place= [[New York Ceety]], U.S. |occupation= Actress |years active= 2019-present }} '''Clara Stack''' (born 19 October 2010)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clara Stack|url=https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/clara-stack.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=[[Famous Birthdays]]|language=en}}</ref> is an American actress. She began her career as a child actress and is best known for her role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It - Welcome to Derry]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-23|title=Clara Stack|url=https://www.tvinsider.com/people/clara-stack/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=TV Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Clara Stack wis born in the Unitit States. At a yung age, she becam interestit in actin an performed in local theatre productions. Her early stage experience formit the basis fur her later wirk in telly an film. == Career == Stack makkit her telly debut wi guest roles in American drama series, includin ''[[Madam Secretary (TV series)|Madam Secretary]]'', ''Bull'', an ''Almost Family''. In 2021, she gained wider recogneetion fur her appearance as the yung version o [[Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)|Kate Bishop]] in the [[Disney+]] series ''[[Hawkeye (miniseries)|Hawkeye]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawkeye Season 1 (2021) {{!}} Cast, Characters, Release Date|url=https://www.marvel.com/tv-shows/hawkeye/1|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=[[Marvel]]|language=en}}</ref> In 2023, she pleyed the role o Rose in the Disney Oreeginal Film ''The Naughty Nine''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clara Stack Biography|url=https://www.detpress.com/disneybrandedtelevision/bios/clara-stack/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=Disney Branded Television Press|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Palmer|first=Roger|date=2023-09-16|title=First Look At Disney Christmas Film "The Naughty Nine"|url=https://whatsondisneyplus.com/first-look-at-disney-christmas-film-the-naughty-nine/|access-date=2026-06-02|website=What's On Disney Plus|language=en-us}}</ref> In 2025, she laundit a starnin role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'', a [[prequel]] athin [[Stephen King]]'s ''It'' universe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aeron Mer Eclarinal|first=|date=2025-11-01|title='Welcome to Derry' Reveals What Happened to Lilly's Dad In Episode 1|url=https://thedirect.com/article/welcome-to-derry-lilly-dad-what-happened|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=The Direct|language=en}}</ref> == Filmografie == === Film === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Naughty Nine]]'' || Rose |} === Televeesion === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Serie !! Role !! Notes |- | 2019 || ''[[Madam Secretary]]'' || Corra || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Bull (TV series)|Bull]]'' || Hannah Kelly || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Almost Family]]'' || Esther || Guest role |- | 2021 || ''[[Hawkeye (TV series)|Hawkeye]]'' || Yung Kate Bishop || Supportin role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel]]'' || Francesca || Guest role |- | 2025 || ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'' || Lilly Bainbridge || Lead role |} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q136695815|q=no|c=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stack, Clara}} [[Category:2010 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York Ceety]] [[Category:Actresses frae New York Ceety]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] m8e2m8sv6mjsiy8il4u9ebnlct2mtow 918526 918525 2026-06-20T14:45:34Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-36109-45, chynged back tae last version bi Mr.Murdoch78 917613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |birth_name= Clara Stack |birth_date= {{Birth date and age|2010|10|19}} |birth_place= [[New York Ceety]], U.S. |occupation= Actress |years active= 2019-present }} '''Clara Stack''' (born 19 October 2010)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clara Stack|url=https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/clara-stack.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=[[Famous Birthdays]]|language=en}}</ref> is an American actress. She begound her career as a bairn actress an is best kent fur her role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It - Welcome to Derry]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-23|title=Clara Stack|url=https://www.tvinsider.com/people/clara-stack/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=TV Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Clara Stack wis born in the Unitit States. At a yung age, she becam interestit in actin an performed in local theatre productions. Her early stage experience formit the basis fur her later wirk in telly an film. == Career == Stack makkit her telly debut wi guest roles in American drama series, includin ''[[Madam Secretary (TV series)|Madam Secretary]]'', ''Bull'', an ''Almost Family''. In 2021, she gained wider recogneetion fur her appearance as the yung version o [[Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)|Kate Bishop]] in the [[Disney+]] series ''[[Hawkeye (miniseries)|Hawkeye]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawkeye Season 1 (2021) {{!}} Cast, Characters, Release Date|url=https://www.marvel.com/tv-shows/hawkeye/1|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=[[Marvel]]|language=en}}</ref> In 2023, she pleyed the role o Rose in the Disney Oreeginal Film ''The Naughty Nine''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clara Stack Biography|url=https://www.detpress.com/disneybrandedtelevision/bios/clara-stack/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=Disney Branded Television Press|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Palmer|first=Roger|date=2023-09-16|title=First Look At Disney Christmas Film "The Naughty Nine"|url=https://whatsondisneyplus.com/first-look-at-disney-christmas-film-the-naughty-nine/|access-date=2026-06-02|website=What's On Disney Plus|language=en-us}}</ref> In 2025, she laundit a starnin role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'', a [[prequel]] athin [[Stephen King]]'s ''It'' universe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aeron Mer Eclarinal|first=|date=2025-11-01|title='Welcome to Derry' Reveals What Happened to Lilly's Dad In Episode 1|url=https://thedirect.com/article/welcome-to-derry-lilly-dad-what-happened|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-02|website=The Direct|language=en}}</ref> == Filmografie == === Film === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Naughty Nine]]'' || Rose |} === Televeesion === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Serie !! Role !! Notes |- | 2019 || ''[[Madam Secretary]]'' || Corra || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Bull (TV series)|Bull]]'' || Hannah Kelly || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Almost Family]]'' || Esther || Guest role |- | 2021 || ''[[Hawkeye (TV series)|Hawkeye]]'' || Yung Kate Bishop || Supportin role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel]]'' || Francesca || Guest role |- | 2025 || ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'' || Lilly Bainbridge || Lead role |} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q136695815|q=no|c=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stack, Clara}} [[Category:2010 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York Ceety]] [[Category:Actresses frae New York Ceety]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] mkklo14iwdgsw36qd4oy0r6wapp8ivc 0 233587 918517 917949 2026-06-20T12:53:11Z GrimRob 128952 link 918517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pape Leo XIV''' (born Robert Francis Prevost, 14 September 1955) is tha 267t Pape o the Catholic Kirk. He becam Pape on Mey 8t 2025 efter his predecessor, [[Pape Francis]] deed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pope Leo XIV|url=https://www.dioceseofmeath.ie/about-9|access-date=2026-06-06|website=Diocese of Meath|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} ttqawp4v6sptgquucz95vare7jwmm0e 2 233624 918522 918151 2026-06-20T13:21:49Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 918522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | native_name = {{native name|pl|Śląsk}}<br />{{native name|szl|Ślōnsk}}<br />{{native name|cs|Slezsko}}<br />{{native name|de|Schlesien}}<br />{{native name|sli|Schläsing}} | settlement_type = [[Historical Region]] | image_shield = [[File:Generic Silesia CoA.svg|150px]] | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Ślůnsk 1335-1675.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1335-1675|[[File:Ślůnsk apx 1815 -1945.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1815-1939|default=1}} | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Ducheries & Province of Silesia on kairt of Mid Europe | coordinates = {{coord|51.6|N|17.2|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{plainlist| *[[Poland]] *[[Czech Republic]] *[[Germany]]}} | seat_type = Mucklest ceity | seat = [[Wrocław]] | area_total_km2 = 40400 | population_total = c. 8000000 | population_density_km2 = 200 | population_demonym = [[Silesians|Silesian]] | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 }} '''Silesia'''{{Efn|{{IPAc-en|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʒ|ə|,_|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʃ|i|ə}} {{respell|sy|LEE|zhə|,_|sy|LEE|shee|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|UKalso|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|z|i|ə}} {{respell|sy|LEE|zee|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʒ|i|ə|,_|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʃ|ə|,_|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|iː|-}} {{respell|sy|LEE|zhee|ə|,_|sy|LEE|shə|,_|sil|EE|-}}.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Silesia|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/silesia|title=Silesia|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Silesia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723000000/http://www.lexico.com/definition/Silesia |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-07-23 |title=Silesia |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Silesia|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>}} (tak a scance till the names ablow) is a historical pairt of Mid Europe that nou liggs maistly intil [[Poland]], wi smaa pairts in the Czech Republic an [[Germany]]. Its area is about {{Convert|40000|km2|-2}}, an the populace is upcuissen at 8,000,000. Silesia is riven intae twa maist subregions, Nether Silesia wastle an Iver Silesia eastle. Situate alang the [[Oder]] River, wi the [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] raxin athort the southren mairch, Silesia is a heichly industrialised region rife of mineral an naitural resources. The mucklest toun an Nether Silesia's capital is [[Wrocław]]; the historic capital of Iver Silesia is [[Opole]]. The mucklest metropolitan airt is the Katowice metropolitan airt, the hert of whilk is Katowice. Pairts of the Czech toun of Ostrava an the German toun of Görlitz are situate intil Silesia's historic mairches. Silesia’s culture reflecks its wimpled history an diverse influences, takin in Polish, Czech, an German swatches. The region is kent for its unique Silesian langidge (spoken yet bi a smaa feck of fowk bidin in Iver Silesia), brawlie decored hamelt graith, hairty regional cuisine, an a mixter-maxter of [[Gothic airchitectur|Gothic]], Baroque, an industrial-era architectur seen in its ceities an touns. The region conteens mony historical meiths an [[Warld Heritage Steid|UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids]]. Silesia's mairches an national affiliation haes chyngit throu time, baith whan it wis a heirship aucht of [[Feudalism|noble housses]] an efter the rise of our ain day [[Naition state|nation-states]], resultin in a rowth of castles an stranghauds, mairbetoken in the Jelenia Góra vailley. First heild bi Great Moravia in the back end of the 9t century an Bohemia in the early 10t century, Silesia wis taen intae the ear Polish state, an efter its feudal dividin in the 12t century it creatit the Duchery of Silesia. As a result of farrer division, it wis daled intae individual ducheries, ruled bi diverse lines of the Polish Piast dynasty. In the 14t century, it haed become ane of the territories belanging the Bohemian Croun Launds unner the [[Halie Romane Rik|Halie Roman Empire]], the whilk wis gien the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526; housomever, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of Polish dukes (Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]], Sobieski) as feu'd Bohemian [[Feudalism|feus]]. As a result of the Silesian Weirs, the region wis annexed wi [[Kinrick o Proushie|Prussia]] frae Austria in 1742 an syne became pairt of the [[German Empire]] in 1871. Efter [[Warld War I|Warld Weir I]], whan the Poles an Czechs haed wun back their independence, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia became pairt of Poland bi the decision of the Entente Pouers efter upsets bi Poles an the Iver Silesian plebiscite, while the lave of the umwhile Austrian pairts of Silesia wir daled atween [[Czechoslovakie|Czechoslovakia]] an Poland. Durin [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]], as a result of German occupation the haill region wis unner the maistry of [[Nazi Germany]]. In 1945, efter Warld Weir II, maist of the German-heild Silesia wis transferred tae Polish jurisdiction wi the Potsdam Greement atween the victorious Allies and became pairt of Poland. The smaa Lusatian skelp bewast the Oder–Neisse line, the whilk haed belanged Silesia sin 1815, became pairt of [[East Germany]]. Ower the heids of the forced popular shifts in 1945–48, the day's indwallers of Silesia speaks the national leids of their respective kintras. Umwhile German-speakin Nether Silesia haes developed a new mell'd Polish dialeck an new-farrant graith. There is ongaun debate anent whither the Silesian leid, commonly spoken in Iver Silesia, shid be consithert a dialeck of [[Pols leid|Polish]] or a sindry langidge. The Nether Silesian German dialeck is aweers of deein out ower the heids of its speakers' gettin herriet out. == Etymology == The names of Silesia in different leids maist likely skairs their etymology—the Polish: Śląsk {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔ̃sk||Pl-Śląsk.ogg}}; the German: Schlesien {{IPA|de|ˈʃleːzi̯ən||De-Schlesien.ogg}}; the Czech: Slezsko {{IPA|cs|ˈslɛsko|}}; the Nether Silesian: Schläsing; the Silesian: Ślōnsk {{IPA|szl|ɕlonsk|}}; the Nether Sorbian: Šlazyńska {{IPA|dsb|ˈʃlazɨnʲska|}}; the Iver Sorbian: Šleska {{IPA|hsb|ˈʃlɛska|}}; the Slovak: Sliezsko; [[Laitin|the Laitin]], the Spainish an the English: ''Silesia''; the French: Silésie; the Dutch: Silezië; the Italian: Slesia. The names aa effeir tae the name of a river (nou kent as Ślęza) an ben (Ben Ślęża) in mid-southren Silesia, the whilk sair'd as a releigious steid for pagans afore Christianization. ''Ślęża'' is listed as ane of the num'rous Pre-Indo-European topographic names in the region (tak a scance till [[:en:Old_European_hydronymy|auld European hydronymy]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zbigniew|first=Babik|date=2001|title=Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny|journal=Uniwersitas, Kraków}}</ref> Frae the wittins of a puckle Polonists, the name ''Ślęża'' {{IPA|pl|ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa|}} or ''Ślęż'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛ̃ʂ|}} is sib tae the Auld Polish wirds ''ślęg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛŋk|}} or ''śląg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔŋk|}}, meanin dunkieness, moister, or humidity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fischer|first=Rudolf|date=2007|title=Onomastica slavogermanica|journal=Uniwersytet Wrocławski|volume=|pages=}}</ref> They differ wi the hypothesis that the name ''Śląsk'' haes its ruits in the name of the Silings tribe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jankuhn|first=Herbert|last2=Beck|first2=Heinrich|date=2006|others=et. al.|title=Wandalen|journal=Germanische Altertumskunde Online|language=the German|edition=2t|volume=33|quote="Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen [...] – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben [...]"}}</ref> In Polish day-tae-day speech, "Śląsk" refers tae traditionally Polish Iver Silesia an the day's Silesian Voivodeship, but less tae Nether Silesia, whilk is unalike frae Iver Silesia in mony pairts sin the feck of its popular spoke German frae roun about the mid-19t century up ontill 1945–48.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Andreas Lawaty, Hubert Orłowski|title=Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte, Kultur, Politik|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2003|page=183|language=the German}}</ref> == History == [[File:Polska_960_-_992.svg|left|thumb|200x200px|Kairt of Poland wi Silesia (''Śląsk'') in the year 992 durin the maistry of Mieszko I]] In the fowert century BC frae the south, throu the Kłodzko Vailley, the Celts made ingangins intil Silesia, an made hame around Ben Ślęża nearhaund our ain day [[Wrocław]], Oława an Strzelin. Germanic Lugii tribes wir first recordit athin Silesia in the 1t century BC. [[Wast Slavs]] an Lechites wan till the pairt roun about the 7t century,<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=37-38}}</ref> an bi the ear ninth century, their colonies haed become stabilised. Local Wast Slavs stertit upsettin boundary structures like the Silesian Przesieka an the Silesia Waws. The easten mairch of Silesian sattlement wis situate bewast the Bytom, an be-east [[Racibórz]] an Cieszyn. East of this line wonned a sib Lechitic tribe kent as the Vistulans. Their northern mairch wis in the howe of the Barycz River, an abuin this bedd the Wastren Polans tribe that gied Poland its name.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> The first kent states in Silesia wis Greater Moravia an Bohemia. In the 10t century, the Polish ruler Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty haed taen Silesia intae the newly foundit Polish state. In 1000, the Diocie of Wrocław wis foundit as the auldest [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] diocie in the region, an ane of the auldest diocies in Poland, thirled tae the Roman Catholic Airchdiocie of Gniezno. Poland repelled German invasions of Silesia in 1017 at Niemcza an in 1109 at Głogów. Durin the Feudal Dividin of Poland, Silesia and the lave of the kintra wis pairtit intae mony smawer ducheries ruled bi sindry Silesian dukes. In 1178, pairts of the Duchery of Kraków roun about Bytom, Oświęcim, [[Chrzanów]], an Siewierz were transferred tae the Silesian Piasts, even tho their popular wis feckly Vistulan an nae of Silesian stock.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> [[File:Silesia_1172-1177.jpg|thumb|226x226px|Silesia in the fore-end of Poland's feudal division, 1172–1177, Nether Silesia wi Lubusz Laund in orange, Iver Silesia in green an yella]] Walloons came tae Silesia as ane of the foremaist fremmit incomer wheens in [[Poland]], maist likely makin hame in Wrocław syne the 12th century, wi farrer Walloon incomers invited bi Duke Henry the Bairdit in the ear 13t century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zientara|first=Benedykt|title=Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku|publisher=Przegląd Historyczny|year=1975|volume=66/3|pages=353, 357|language=the Polish}}</ref> Sin the 13t century, German cultural an ethnic influence gaed up as a result of incomers frae German-speakin states of the [[Halie Romane Rik|Holy Roman Empire]]. The foremaist designin of municipal privileges in Poland haed taen place in the toun of [[Złotoryja]] bi Henry the Bairdit. Medieval municipal richts modelled efter Lwówek Śląski an Środa Śląska, baith foundit bi Henry the Bairdit, haed become the founds of the municipal form of government for a curnie ceities an touns in Poland, an twa of five local Polish forms of medieval toun richts. The Beuk of Henryków, the whilk conteens the earest kent sentence written in the Polish leid, as weel as a writ conteenin the auldest prented text in the Polish, wis creatit in Henryków an Wrocław in Silesia, respectively. In 1241, the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] cairried out their first invasion of Poland, creatin rife pilget an mass flicht. They reived the feck of the region an defaitit the jyned Polish, Moravian an German forces heidit bi Duke Henry II the Pious at the Stour of Legnica, whilk haed taen place at Legnickie Pole nearhaund [[Legnica]]. Straicht efter the daith of Orda Khan, the Mongols decidit nae to bensel farrer intae Europe, but gaed back east tae tak pairt in the election of a new Grand Khan (heid yin). Atween 1289 an 1292, Bohemian king Wenceslaus II became ''suzerain'' of a puckle of the Iver Silesian ducheries. Polish monarchs haedna gien ower their heirship richts tae Silesia ontill 1335.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=81}}</ref> The province became pairt of the Bohemian Croun whilk wis pairt of the Hailie Roman Empire; houaniver, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of the Polish dukes frae the housses of Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] and Sobieski as feu'd Bohemian feus (a puckle ontill the 17t–18t centuries). Atween 1469 an 1490, the pairt was unner the maistry of Matthias Corvinus, wha mountit the Bohemian throne. In 1526 Silesia wis haundit ower wi the Bohemian Crown tae the Habsburg monarchy. In the 15t century, a curnie chynges wir made tae Silesia's mairches. Pairts of the territories that haed gotten transferred tae the Silesian Piasts in 1178 wir coff't wi the Polish kings in the saicont hauf of the 15t century (the Duchery of Oświęcim in 1457; the Duchery of Zator in 1494). The Bytom airt bedd in the aucht of the Silesian Piasts, tho it wis a pairt of the Diocie of Kraków.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> The Duchery of Krosno Odrzańskie ({{Lang|de|Crossen}}) wis heired bi the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1476 and wi the renunciation of King [[Ferdinand I, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and the estates of Bohemia in 1538, it became pairt an pertinent of Brandenburg. Atween 1645 an 1666, the Duchery of Opole an Racibórz was hauden in wad wi the Polish Houss of Vasa in tocher of the Polish queen Cecylia Renata. [[File:Crown_of_Bohemia_1648.png|thumb|Launds of the Bohemian Croun atween 1635 an 1742, afore the maist of Silesia was gien ower tae [[Kinrick o Proushie|Prussia]]]] [[File:Silesia-map.svg|left|thumb|Kairt of Austrian an Prussian Silesia wi modren national mairches: {{Legend|#00ffff|[[Austrian Silesia]], 1740}}{{Legend|#ffffff|[[Prussian Silesia]], 1871}}{{Legend|#0000ff|[[Oder]]}}]] In 1742, maist of Silesia wis claucht wi King [[Frederick the Great|Frederick II of Prussia]] in the Weir of the Austrian Succession, at the hinner end becomin the Prussian Province of Silesia in 1815; ower the heids of this, Silesia became pairt of the [[German Empire]] whan it wis latten wit in 1871. The Silesian capital Breslau became than ane of the big ceities in Germany. Breslau wis a centre of Jewish life in Germany an a wechty steid of science (college) an industry (manufacturin of steam-ingines). German mass tourism stertit in the Silesian hielaunds (Hirschberg, Schneekoppe). [[File:Wrocław_Rynek_18_sm.jpg|left|thumb|279x279px|Teipical Silesian baroque architectur in [[Wrocław]]]] Efter Warld Weir I, a pairt of Silesia, kent as Iver Silesia, wis quarreled wi Germany an the newly independent Saicont Polish Republic. The League of Nations organised a plebiscite tae sattle the maitter in 1921. It haed resultit in 60% of votes gettin cuissen for Germany an 40% for Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Provinz Oberschlesien Volksabstimmungen 1920 und 1922|url=https://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Preussen/Oberschlesien/Volksentscheide.html|url-status=live|language=the German}}</ref> Efter the third Silesian raibblin (1921), houaniver, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia (as weel as Katowice), wi a feckly ethnic Polish populace, wis gien Poland, becomin the Silesian Voivodeship. The Prussian Province of Silesia intil Germany wis than dividit intae the provinces of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia. Meantime, Austrian Silesia, the smaa pairt of Silesia keppit bi Austria efter the Silesian Weirs, wis maistly gien tae the new Czechoslovakia (at the hinner-end kent as Czech Silesia an Trans-Olza), awtho maist of Cieszyn an laund be-east of it gaed tae Poland. Polish Silesia wis amang the foremaist regions invadit durin Germany's 1939 sailyie on Poland, the whilk stertit [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]]. Ane of the claimed ettles of Nazi German occupation, mairbetoken in Iver Silesia, wis the extermination of thaim wham the Nazis thocht tae be "subhuman", viz Jews an ethnic Poles. The Polish an Jewish fowk of the than Polish pairt of Silesia wis subjectit tae genocide involvin herryin outs, mass murther an transportation till Nazi concentration camps an forced lawbour camps, while Germans war sattled seekin for [[:en:Lebensraum|Lebensraum]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Piotr Eberhardt|title=Political Migrations in Poland 1939-1948|year=2006|location=Warsaw|pages=25}}</ref> Twa thousan Polish intellectuals, politicians, an businessmen wir murthered durin the Intelligenzaktion Schlesien<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|year=2009|location=Warszawa|language=the Polish}}</ref> in 1940 as pairt of a Germanization program aa ower the kintra. Silesia alsae houssed ane of the twa maist weirtime centres whaur medical pratticks wir conductit on kidnappit Polish bairns wi Nazis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Uzarczyk|first=Kamila|title=Podstawy ideologiczne higieny ras i ich realizacja na przykładzie Śląska w latach 1924-1944|date=2002|publisher=Wydawn. Adam Marszałek|isbn=978-83-7322-287-8|location=Toruń}}</ref> Czech Silesia wis occupied bi Germany as pairt of Sudetenland. In Silesia, [[Nazi Germany]] operate the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, a curnie prisoner-of-weir camps for Allied POWs (amang thaim wis the maist Stalag VIII-A, Stalag VIII-B, Stalag VIII-C camps), num'rous Nazi wards an thousans of forced lawbour camps — amang thaim wis a netwark of forced lawbour camps allanerly for Poles ({{Lang|de|[[Polenlager]]}}), sub-camps of wards, POW camps and the Gross-Rosen an [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] concentration camps. The [[Potsdam Conference|Potsdam Collogue]] of 1945 haed estaiblish't the Oder-Neisse line as the mairch atween Germany an Poland ontil a hindmaist peace collogue wi Germany cuid be hauden (the whilk niver teuk place).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q40tDwAAQBAJ|title=The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781847790323|page=50}}</ref> In the back end of WWII, Germans in Silesia teuk leg bail frae the battle grund, thinkin they wad be able tae come back whan the weir wis by-wi. Housomever, they cuidna come back, an thaim that haed steyed wir herried out an a new Polish popular, amang thaim wis fowk that wir herried out frae umwhile Easten Poland annexed wi the Soviet Union an frae Mid Poland, jyned the lave of the native Polish indwallers frae the region. Efter 1945 an in 1946, nearhaund aa of the 4.5 meillion Silesians wi German ruits flichtit, or wir steekit in camps an herried out, amang thaim a wheen thousan German Jews that haed pitten ower the Holocaust an haed come back tae Silesia. The newly foundit Polish Unitit Wirkers' Pairty creatit a Ministry of the Recovered Territories that owned the hauf of the plou-grund (that cuid be gotten) for state-run collectivized fairms. Mony of the new Polish Silesians wha murned the Germans for their invasion in 1939 an fellness in occupation nou murned the newly foundit Polish communist government for their populace shiftin an makin an messin wi fairmin an industrial affairs.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lukowski, Zawadski|first=Jerzy, Hubert|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278|title=A Concise History of Poland|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-61857-1|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=[https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278 278–280]|url-access=registration}}</ref> The admeinistrative division of Silesia intil Poland haes chyngit a curnie times sin 1945. Syne 1999, it haes been daled atween Lubusz Voivodeship, Nether Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship, an Silesian Voivodeship. Czech Silesia is nou pairt of the Czech Republic, formin pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Airt an the northern pairt of the Olomouc Airt. Germany keps the Silesia-Lusatia airt ({{Lang|de|Niederschlesien-Oberlausitz}} or {{Lang|de|Schlesische Oberlausitz}}) bewast the Neisse, the whilk is pairt of the federal state of [[Saxony]]. The region wis prejudged wi the 1997, 2010 an 2024 Mid European fluids. === Ethnic history === [[File:Silesia_Language_Map_1905.png|thumb|Mither Tungs of Silesia, frae the wittins of the 1905 Census]] Our ain day Silesia is inhaibitit bi [[Poles]], Silesians, [[Germans]], and Czechs. Germans first came till Silesia durin the Late Medieval Ostsiedlung.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weinhold|first=Karl|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CqpCAAAAIAAJ|title=Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien|publisher=J. Engelhorn|year=1887|location=Stuttgart|language=the German|trans-title=The Spread and the Origin of Germans in Silesia}}</ref> The lest Polish census in 2011 shawed that the Silesians are the mucklest ethnic or national minority in Poland, an Germans the saicont; baith groups bide maistly in Iver Silesia. The Czech pairt of Silesia is inhaibitit bi Czechs, Moravians, Silesians, and Poles. In the ear 19t century the popular of the Prussian pairt of Silesia wis atween 2/3 an 3/4 German-speakin, atween 1/5 an 1/3 Polish-speakin, wi Sorbs, Czechs, Moravians an Jews makin up the ither smawer minorities (tak a scance till Table 1. ablow). Afore the Saicont Warld Weir, Silesia wis inhaibitit maistly bi Germans, whereas Poles wir a muckle minority, formin a plurality in Iver Silesia.<ref name="Gumpert">{{Cite book|last=Jobst Gumpert|title=Polen, Deutschland|publisher=Callwey|year=1966|pages=138|language=the German}}</ref> Silesia wis alsae the hame of a smaw feck of Czech an Jewish fowk. The German populace wis maistly wonnin in the urban pairts an in the laundward airts fund in the north an wast, whereas the Polish popular wis maistly laundward an cuid be fund in the east an in the south.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hunt Tooley|first=T|date=1997|title=National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922|journal=University of Nebraska Press|language=the English|pages=17}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Table 1. Ethno-leid structure of Prussian Silesia in years 1787–1823 !Ethnic group !frae. G. Hassel in 1819<ref name="Georg Hassel">{{Cite book|last=Georg Hassel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31DMAJgQV28C&pg=PA34|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=33–34|language=the German|quote=}}</ref> !% !frae. S. Plater in 1823{{Sfn|Plater|1825}} !% !frae. T. Ładogórski in 1787<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ładogórski|first=Tadeusz|title=Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806|publisher=edited by W. Długoborski|year=1966|location=Wrocław|pages=150|language=the Polish}}</ref> !% |- |'''Germans''' |1,561,570 |'''75.6''' |1,550,000 |'''70.5''' |1,303,300 |'''74.6''' |- |'''Poles''' |444,000 |'''21.5''' |600,000 |'''27.3''' |401,900 |'''23.0''' |- |'''Sorbs''' |24,500 |'''1.2''' |30,000 |'''1.4''' |900 |'''0.1''' |- |'''Czechs''' |5,500 |'''0.3''' | | |32,600 |'''1.9''' |- |'''Moravians''' |12,000 |'''0.6''' | | | | |- |'''Jews''' |16,916 |'''0.8''' |20,000 |'''0.9''' |8,900 |'''0.5''' |- |'''Popular''' |'''c. 2.1&nbsp;meillion''' |'''100''' |'''c. 2.2&nbsp;meillion''' |'''100''' |'''c. 1.8&nbsp;meillion''' |'''100''' |} Ethnic structure of Prussian Iver Silesia ([[Opole]] regency) durin the 19t century an the ear 20t century can be fund in Table 2.: {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! colspan="18" |Table 2. Nummers of Polish, German an ither indwallers (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)<ref name="Georg Hassel">{{Cite book|last=Georg Hassel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31DMAJgQV28C&pg=PA34|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=33–34|language=de|quote=}}</ref><ref name="Paul Weber1">{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kalisch|first=Johannes|last2=Bochinski|first2=Hans|date=1958|title=Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882|url=http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|location=Leipzig|volume=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201215644/http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> |- !Year !1819 !1831 !1834 !1837 !1840 !1843 !1846 !1852 !1855 !1858 !1861 !1867 !1890 !1900 !1905 !1910 |- |'''''Polish''''' |377,100 '''(67.2%)''' |418,837 '''(62.0%)''' |468,691 '''(62.6%)''' |495,362 '''(62.1%)''' |525,395 '''(58.6%)''' |540,402 '''(58.1%)''' |568,582 '''(58.1%)''' |584,293 '''(58.6%)''' |590,248 '''(58.7%)''' |612,849 '''(57.3%)''' |665,865 '''(59.1%)''' |742,153 '''(59.8%)''' |918,728 '''(58.2%)''' |1,048,230 '''(56.1%)''' |1,158,805 '''(57.0%)''' |Census, monolingual Polish: '''1,169,340''' '''(53.0%)'''<ref name="Paul Weber2">{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|page=27|language=de}}</ref> '''or up tae''' '''1,560,000''' thegither wi bilinguals |- |'''''German''''' |162,600 '''(29.0%)''' |257,852 '''(36.1%)''' |266,399 '''(35.6%)''' |290,168 '''(36.3%)''' |330,099 '''(36.8%)''' |348,094 '''(37.4%)''' |364,175 '''(37.2%)''' |363,990 '''(36.5%)''' |366,562 '''(36.5%)''' |406,950 '''(38.1%)''' |409,218 '''(36.3%)''' |457,545 '''(36.8%)''' |566,523 '''(35.9%)''' |684,397 '''(36.6%)''' |757,200 '''(37.2%)''' |'''884,045''' '''(40.0%)''' |- |'''''Ither''''' |21,503 '''(3.8%)''' |13,254 '''(1.9%)''' |13,120 '''(1.8%)''' |12,679 '''(1.6%)''' |41,570 '''(4.6%)''' |42,292 '''(4.5%)''' |45,736 '''(4.7%)''' |49,445 '''(4.9%)''' |48,270 '''(4.8%)''' |49,037 '''(4.6%)''' |51,187 '''(4.6%)''' |41,611 '''(3.4%)''' |92,480 '''(5.9%)''' |135,519 '''(7.3%)''' |117,651 '''(5.8%)''' |Populace: 2,207,981 |} The Austrian pairt of Silesia haed a mixter-maxter of German, Polish and Czech fowk, wi speakers of the Polish makin a plurality in Cieszyn Silesia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chromik|first=Grzegorz|title=Geschichte des deutsch-slawischen Sprachkontaktes im Teschener Schlesien|isbn=978-3-88246-398-9|pages=258–322|language=de}}</ref> ==== Releigion ==== [[File:Verbreitung_der_Konfessionen_im_deutschen_Reich.jpg|thumb|Confessions in the German Empire (Catholic/Protestant; {{Circa|1890}}). Nether Silesia wis maistly Protestant, while Glatz (Kłodzko) an Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic.]] Historically, Silesia wis about aqual spleit atween [[Catholic Kirk|Catholics]] an [[Protestantism|Protestants]] (feckly Lutherans). In an 1890 census taen in the German pairt, Catholics made up a slicht plurality of 53%, while the ither 47% wis maist haund Lutheran.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Meyers Konversationslexikon|volume=5. Ausgabe}}</ref> Geographically speakin, Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic binna for a puckle of pairts in the nort-wast, the whilk wir feckly Lutheran. Nether Silesia wis maistly Lutheran binna for the Glatzer Laund (nou kent as Kłodzko County). Generally speakin, the popular wis maistly Protestant in the wastern pairts, an it wad maistly get mair Catholic the farrer east a body gaed. In Iver Silesia, Protestants wir thranged in muckler ceities, an aften conseidered theirsells German. Efter Warld Weir II, the releigious demographics haed chyngit muckle sin Germans, wha made up the feck of the Protestant fowk, wir forcibly herried out. Poles, wha wir maistly Catholic, haed made hame again here in their steid. The day, Silesia bides feckly Catholic. Extant syne the 12t century,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Demshuk|first=A|title=The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|pages=40}}</ref> Silesia's Jewish commonty wis thranged around Wrocław an Iver Silesia, an nummered at 48,003 (1.1% of the popular) in 1890, gaein doun tae 44,985 bodies (0.9%) bi 1910.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kamusella|first=T|title=Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=2007|pages=173}}</ref> In Polish East Iver Silesia, the nummer of Jews wis roun about 90,000–100,000.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Christopher R.|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511665301|title=Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers|date=2000-02-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77299-0}}</ref> Historically, the commonty haed dree'd a nummer of localised herryin outs, for ensample their 1453 herryin out frae [[Wrocław]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=van Straten|first=J|title=The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry: The Controversy Unravelled|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|pages=58}}</ref> Atween 1712 an 1820 a tring of chiels heild the teitle Heid Rabbi of Silesia ("Landesrabbiner"): Naphtali ha-Kohen (1712–16); Samuel ben Naphtali (1716–22); Ḥayyim Jonah Te'omim (1722–1727); Baruch b. Reuben Gomperz (1733–54); Joseph Jonas Fränkel (1754–93); Jeremiah Löw Berliner (1793–99); Lewin Saul Fränkel (1800–7); Aaron Karfunkel (1807–16); an Abraham ben Gedaliah Tiktin (1816–20).<ref>{{Cite web|last=<!--Not stated-->|title=Silesia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7747-hirschberg|access-date=6 December 2017|website=1906 Jewish Encyclopedia|publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com}}</ref> ==== Eftercasts of Warld Weir II ==== Efter the Germans invadit Poland in 1939, efter the Nazi racial policy, the Jewish fowk of Silesia wis subjectit tae genocide wi executions cairried out wi Einsatzgruppe z. B.V. heidit bi Udo von Woyrsch an Einsatzgruppe I heidit bi Bruno Streckenbach,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Olkuśnik|first=Magdalena|title=Popularna encyklopedia powszechna|last2=Wójcik|first2=Elżbieta|year=2001|volume=10|pages=660}}</ref> wardin in ghettos, an ethnic cleansing of the General Government. In their ettles tae exterminate the Jews throu murther an ethnic cleansin, the Germans foundit the Auschwitz an Gross-Rosen camps in the province of Silesia. Herryin outs wir cairried out apenly an souched in the local press.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Steinbacher|first=S|title=The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004) Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=110-138}}</ref> Thaim sent tae ghettos wad frae 1942 be herried out till concentration an wark camps.<ref name=":0" /> Atween 5 Mey an 17 Juin, 20,000 Silesian Jews wir sent till Birkenau till gas chaumers an aa throu August 1942, atween 10,000 an 13,000 Silesian Jews wir murthert wi gassin at the Auschwitz.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Stanley|last2=Browning|first2=Christopher R.|date=2005|title=The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20034240|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=84|issue=1|pages=188|doi=10.2307/20034240|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> Maist Jews in Silesia wir exterminated wi the Nazis. Efter the weir Silesia became a heidmaist steid till repatriation of the Jewish fowk in Poland that haed pitten ower Nazi German extermination<ref>{{Cite book|last=Slucki|first=David|url=https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813552255|title=The International Jewish Labor Bund after 1945|date=2019-09-03|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-5225-5|pages=63}}</ref> an in the hairst of 1945, 15,000 Jews wir in Nether Silesia, maistly Polish Jews that cam back frae territories that nou belanged the Soviet Union,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belah Guṭerman|first=|date=2011-03-01|title=A Narrow Bridge to Life: Jewish Forced Labor and Survival in the Gross-Rosen Camp System|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcr012|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|volume=25|issue=1|pages=229|doi=10.1093/hgs/dcr012|issn=8756-6583}}</ref> risin in 1946 tae seiventy thousan<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kochavi|first=AJ|date=2001|title=Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948|journal=University of North Carolina Press|pages=176}}</ref> as Jewish survivors frae ither pairts of Poland wir relocate.<ref name=":2" /> The feck of Germans flichtit or wir herried out frae the day's Polish an Czech pairts of Silesia durin an efter Warld Weir II. Atween Juin 1945 an Januar 1947, 1.77&nbsp;meillion Germans wir herried out frae Nether Silesia, an 310,000 frae Iver Silesia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Klusmeyer|first=Douglas B.|url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781845459697|title=Immigration Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany|last2=Papademetriou|first2=Demetrios G.|date=2022-09-29|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-969-7}}</ref> The day, maist German Silesians an their descendants bides in the Federal Republic of Germany, mony of thaim in the [[Ruhr]] pairt wirkin as miners, like their forebeirs in Silesia. Ane of its maist namely but controversial presses wis the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] politician Herbert Hupka. The herryin out of Germans haed resultit in rife unnerpopulation. The populace of the toun of Głogów fell frae 33,500 tae 5,000, an atween 1939 an 1966 the populace of Wrocław fell bi 25%. Ettles tae re-people Silesia didna come muckle speed in the 1940s and 1950s,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fessenden|first=Helen|last2=Mazower|first2=Mark|date=1999|title=Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20049489|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=78|issue=5|pages=223|doi=10.2307/20049489|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> an Silesia's popular didna rax tae pre-weir levels ontill the hint-end of the 1970s. The Polish sattlers that re-peopled Silesia wir pairtly frae the umwhile Polish Easten Mairchlaunds, the whilk wis annexed wi the [[Soviet Union]] in 1939. Wrocław wis pairtly re-peopled wi bield-seekers frae the umwhile Polish ceity of [[Lviv|Lwów]]. == Geography == [[File:Landkarte_von_Schlesien.jpg|thumb|First kairt of Silesia bi Martin Helwig, 1561; north at the bottom]] [[File:Silesia_Physical_Map.png|thumb|Physical kairt of Silesia in 1905]] The maist of Silesia is affeirin flet, awtho its southren mairch is maistly montanous. It is feckly locate in a swathe rinnin alang baith braes of the iver an mid [[Oder|Oder (Odra)]] River, but it raxes eastle tae the iver Vistula River. The pairt alsae taks in mony leaders of the Oder, amang thaim is the Bóbr (an its leader the Kwisa), the Barycz an the Nysa Kłodzka. The [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] rins alang the maist of the southren rind of the region, tho at its south-eastern extreme it raxes tae the Silesian Beskids an Moravian-Silesian Beskids, the whilk belang the [[Carpathie Moontains|Carpathian Bens]]. Historically, Silesia wis boundit wastle bi the Kwisa an Bóbr Rivers, while the laund bewast the Kwisa wis in Iver Lusatia (earlier ''Milsko''). Housomever, because pairt of Iver Lusatia wis taen in the Province of Silesia in 1815, in Germany Görlitz, Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis an neebourin airts are conseidered pairts of historical Silesia. Thon destricks, alang wi Poland's Nether Silesian Voivodeship an pairts of Lubusz Voivodeship, mak up the geographic region of Nether Silesia. Silesia haes unnergaen a siclike notional raxin at its eastern extreme. Historically, it raxed anelie as faur as the Brynica River, whilk sinders it frae Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in Nether Poland. Houaniver, tae mony Poles the day, Silesia (''Śląsk)'' is unnerstuid tae kiver aa the area roun about Katowice, includin Zagłębie. This interpretation is gien offeicial ratihabitation in the yuise of the name Silesian Voivodeship ({{lang|pl|województwo śląskie}}) for the province kiverin this area. In fack, the wird {{lang|pl|Śląsk}} in the Polish (whan yuised athout qualification) nou commonly refers alanerlie tae this area (alsae cried {{lang|pl|Górny Śląsk}} or Iver Silesia). As weel as the Katowice airt, historical Iver Silesia alsae taks in the [[Opole]] region (Poland's Opole Voivodeship) an Czech Silesia. Czech Silesia is made up of a pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Region an the Jeseník Destrick in the Olomouc Region. === Naitural resources === Silesia is an airt rife of resources an fowk. Syne the mid-18t century, coal haes gotten mined here. The industry haed grown while Silesia wis pairt of Germany, an peaked in the 1970s unner the Fowk's Republic of Poland. Durin this time, Silesia became ane of the warld's mucklest producers of coal, wi a record tonnage in 1979.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> The coal minin dwined durin the nixt twa decades, but haes gaen up again follaein the end of Communist maistry. [[File:KWK_Bolesław_Śmiały_01.jpg|thumb|Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine, Łaziska Górne]] The 41 coal mines in Silesia are maistly pairt of the Iver Silesian Coal Basin, whilk liggs in the Silesian Braes. The coalfield haes an area of about {{Convert|4,500|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> Deposits in Nether Silesia hae kyth'd tae be a trauchle tae mak yuise of an the area's onprofitable mines wir steekit in 2000.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl" /> In 2008, an upcuissen 35&nbsp;billion tonnes of lignite fordels wir fund near Legnica, makin thaim some of the mucklest in the warld.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mamy największe złoża węgla brunatnego na świecie|url=http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,82244,4820533.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120503194935/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,4820533.html|archive-date=2012-05-03|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Gazetawyborcza.pl|language=the Polish|url-status=live}}</ref> Frae the fowerth century BC, airn ore haes been mined in the braes of Silesia.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> The samen while haed leid, capper, siller, an gowd minin. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic,<ref>{{Citation|last=Mikulski|first=S.Z.|title=Late-Hercynian gold-bearing arsenic-polymetallic mineralization within Saxothuringian zone in the Polish Sudetes, Northeast Bohemian Massif|date=2022-04-28|url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003077503-200|work=Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century|pages=787–790|place=London|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-003-07750-3|access-date=2026-06-20}}</ref> an [[uranium]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wise International &#124; World Information Service on Energy|url=http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/439-440/poland.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053346/http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww10.antenna.nl%2Fwise%2F439-440%2Fpoland.html|archive-date=10 October 2007|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=0.antenna.nl}}</ref> hev been mined in the region forbye. Nether Silesia features lairge capper minin an processing atween the ceities of [[Legnica]], Głogów, Lubin, and Polkowice. In the Middle Ages, gowd (Polish: złoto) an siller (Polish: srebro) wir mined in the region, whilk is refleckit in the names of the umwhile minin touns of [[Złotoryja]], Złoty Stok an Srebrna Góra. The region is kent for stane quarrying tae produce limestane, marl, mairble, an basalt.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> {| class="wikitable col2right" |+'''Annwal throu-pit of minerals in Silesia''' !Mineral name !Throu-pit (tonnes) !Ref. |- |Bituminous coal |95,000,000 | |- |Capper |571,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2011|title=Copper: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/copper/copper_t21.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Zinc |160,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2004|title=Zinc: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/zinc/zinc_table18.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Siller |1,200 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2004|title=Silver: World Mine Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/silver/silver_table08.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Cadmium |500 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2012|title=Cadmium: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/cadmium/cadmium_t5.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Leid |70,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 June 2005|title=Lead: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/lead/lead_t16.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |} The region alsae haes a weel-daein lawbourage sector, whilk produces cereals (white, rye, barley, aits, stuff), tatties, rapeseed, succar beets and siclike. Milk throu-pit is weel developed. The Opole Silesia haes for decades taen the tap spat in Poland for their indices of effective yuise of pleu laund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samorząd Województwa Opolskiego|url=http://umwo.opole.pl/serwis/index.php?id=2009|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Umwo.opole.pl}}</ref> Montanous pairts of southren Silesia features mony particular an hertsome tourism destinations (e.g., Karpacz, Szczyrk, Wisła). Silesia is maistly weel forestit. This is because greenness is maistly heichly socht efter bi the locals, mairbetoken in the heichly industrialized pairts of Silesia. == Demographics == Silesia haes been historically diverse in aa pairts. Nouadays, the mucklest pairt of Silesia is locate in Poland; it is aften cried ane of the maist diverse pairts in thon kintra. The Unitit States Immigration Commission, in its ''Dictionary of Races or Fowk'' (published in 1911, whan gey muckle nummers of fowk frae Silesia wir flittin till the Unitit States), consithert Silesian as a geographical (nae ethnic) term, beirin the inhaibitants of Silesia. The existence of baith Polish Silesian an German Silesian dialecks thereawa wis mintioned forbye.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/128/mode/1up/search/Silesian|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=128}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/105/mode/1up|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|others=United States. Immigration Commission (1907–1910)|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=105, 128}}</ref> === Ceities an touns === The follaein table taks in the ceities and touns in Silesia with a popular greater nor 20,000 (2026).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-29|title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2025. As of 31 December (table IV)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2025-as-of-31-december,3,39.html|access-date=2026-06-04|publisher=[[Statistics Poland]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-18|title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|website=DataStat|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:1%;" | ! style="width:1%;" | !Name ! style="width:6%;" |Popular ! style="width:11%;" |Area ! style="width:4%;" |Kintra !Admeinistrative ! style="width:15%;" |Historic subregion |- style="text-align:center;" |1 |[[File:Herb_wroclaw.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Wrocław]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |672,601 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|293|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |2 |[[File:Ostrava_CoA_CZ.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Ostrava'''* | style="text-align:center;" |280,853 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|214|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia/[[Moravie|Moravia]] |- style="text-align:center;" |3 |[[File:Katowice_Herb.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Katowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |277,415 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|165|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |4 |[[File:Gliwice_herb.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Gliwice''' | style="text-align:center;" |166,942 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|134|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |5 |[[File:POL_Bielsko-Biała_COA.svg|center|48x48px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bielsko-Biała'''* | style="text-align:center;" |163,164 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|125|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia/Lesser Poland |- style="text-align:center;" |6 |[[File:POL_Zabrze_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zabrze''' | style="text-align:center;" |150,780 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|80|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |7 |[[File:Bytom_herb.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bytom''' | style="text-align:center;" |144,598 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|69|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |8 |[[File:POL_Zielona_Góra_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zielona Góra''' | style="text-align:center;" |138,476 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|58|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |9 |[[File:POL_Rybnik_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Rybnik]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |128,788 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|148|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |10 |[[File:POL_Ruda_Śląska_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Ruda Śląska''' | style="text-align:center;" |127,601 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|78|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |11 |[[File:POL_Opole_COA.svg|center|34x34px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Opole]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |126,623 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|97|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |12 |[[File:POL_Tychy_COA.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Tychy''' | style="text-align:center;" |120,081 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|82|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |13 |[[File:Chorzów_herb.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Chorzów''' | style="text-align:center;" |98,418 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|33|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |14 |[[File:POL_Wałbrzych_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Wałbrzych]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |97,546 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |15 |[[File:Legnica_herb.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Legnica]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |89,919 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|56|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |16 |[[File:POL_Jastrzębie-Zdrój_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Jastrzębie-Zdrój''' | style="text-align:center;" |80,527 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |17 |[[File:POL_Jelenia_Góra_COA_1.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Jelenia Góra''' | style="text-align:center;" |73,470 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|109|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |18 |[[File:POL_Mysłowice_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Mysłowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |70,160 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|66|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |19 |[[File:Havirov_CoA.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Havířov''' | style="text-align:center;" |67,998 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|32|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |20 |[[File:POL_Lubin_COA.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Lubin''' | style="text-align:center;" |65,961 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|41|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |21 |[[File:POL_Siemianowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Siemianowice Śląskie''' | style="text-align:center;" |62,311 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|25|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |22 |[[File:POL_Żory_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Żory''' | style="text-align:center;" |61,857 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|65|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |23 |[[File:Herb_TarnowskieGory.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Tarnowskie Góry''' | style="text-align:center;" |61,001 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|84|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |24 |[[File:POL_Głogów_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Głogów''' | style="text-align:center;" |60,605 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|35|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |25 |[[File:Wappen_Goerlitz_vector.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Görlitz'''** | style="text-align:center;" |55,186 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|68|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|GER}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} [[Saxony]] |Nether Silesia{{Efn|Historically pairt of [[Lusatia]], Görlitz an Zgorzelec wir conseidered pairt of Nether Silesia in the years 1319–1329 an 1815–1945.|reference="lus"}} |- style="text-align:center;" |26 |[[File:Opava_CoA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Opava''' | style="text-align:center;" |54,881 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|91|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |27 |[[File:Frýdek_Místek_CoA_CZ.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Frýdek-Místek'''* | style="text-align:center;" |53,164 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|52|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia/Moravia |- style="text-align:center;" |28 |[[File:POL_Kędzierzyn-Koźle_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Kędzierzyn-Koźle''' | style="text-align:center;" |53,140 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|124|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |29 |[[File:POL_Świdnica_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świdnica''' | style="text-align:center;" |51,357 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|22|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |30 |[[File:POL_Piekary_Śląskie_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Piekary Śląskie''' | style="text-align:center;" |51,030 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|40|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |31 |[[File:POL_Racibórz_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Racibórz]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |48,750 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|75|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |32 |[[File:Karwina_herb.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Karviná]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |48,684 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|58|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |33 |[[File:POL_Świętochłowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świętochłowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |44,621 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|13|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |34 |[[File:POL_Wodzisław_Śląski_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Wodzisław Śląski''' | style="text-align:center;" |44,017 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|50|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |35 |[[File:POL_Mikołów_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Mikołów''' | style="text-align:center;" |41,478 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|79|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |36 |[[File:POL_Nysa_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Nysa''' | style="text-align:center;" |39,887 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|27|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |37 |[[File:POL_Bolesławiec_COA_1.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bolesławiec''' | style="text-align:center;" |36,642 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|24|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |38 |[[File:POL_Nowa_Sól_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Nowa Sól''' | style="text-align:center;" |35,230 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|22|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |39 |[[File:Herb_Knurów-2018.png|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Knurów''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,919 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|34|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |40 |[[File:POL_Oleśnica_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Oleśnica''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,676 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|21|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |41 |[[File:POL_Czechowice-Dziedzice_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Czechowice-Dziedzice''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,564 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|33|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |42 |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Třinec.svg|center|34x34px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Třinec''' | style="text-align:center;" |33,523 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |43 |[[File:POL_Oława_COA.svg|center|33x33px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Oława''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,928 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|27|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |44 |[[File:POL_Brzeg_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Brzeg''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,724 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|15|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |45 |[[File:POL_Cieszyn_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Cieszyn''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,217 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|29|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |46 |[[File:Wappen_Hoyerswerda.PNG|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Hoyerswerda'''** | style="text-align:center;" |30,759 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|96|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|GER}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} Saxony |Nether Silesia{{Efn|Historically pairt of Lusatia, Hoyerswerda wis conseidered pairt of Nether Silesia in the years 1825–1945.}} |- style="text-align:center;" |47 |[[File:POL_Dzierżoniów_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Dzierżoniów''' | style="text-align:center;" |30,014 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|20|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |48 |[[File:POL_Zgorzelec_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zgorzelec'''** | style="text-align:center;" |28,095 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|16|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia{{efn|name="lus"}} |- style="text-align:center;" |49 |[[File:POL_Bielawa_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bielawa''' | style="text-align:center;" |27,480 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|36|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |50 |[[File:Orlová_znak.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Orlová''' | style="text-align:center;" |27,383 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|25|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |51 |[[File:POL_Lubliniec_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Lubliniec''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,931 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|89|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |52 |[[File:Cesky_Tesin_CoA.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Český Těšín''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,870 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|34|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |53 |[[File:POL_Żagań_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Żagań''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,800 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|40|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |54 |[[File:Krnov_znak.png|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Krnov''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,303 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|44|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |55 |[[File:POL_Orzesze_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Orzesze''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,242 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|84|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |56 |[[File:POL_Świebodzice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świebodzice''' | style="text-align:center;" |21,469 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|30|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |57 |[[File:POL_Kluczbork_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Kluczbork''' | style="text-align:center;" |21,232 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|12|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |58 |[[File:POL_Polkowice_COA_2022.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Polkowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,832 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|24|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |59 |[[File:POL_Łaziska_Górne_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Łaziska Górne''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,826 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|21|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |60 |[[File:POL_Świebodzin_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świebodzin''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,480 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|11|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |61 |[[File:Bohumin_CoA_CZ.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bohumín''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,234 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|31|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Anelie pairt in Silesia<gallery> File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wrocław,_September_2022_07.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wroc%C5%82aw,_September_2022_07.jpg|[[:en:Wrocław|Wrocław]] File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|[[:en:Ostrava|Ostrava]] File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|[[:en:Katowice|Katowice]] File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|[[:en:Gliwice|Gliwice]] File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Biała.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a.JPG|[[:en:Bielsko-Biała|Bielsko-Biała]] File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|[[:en:Zabrze|Zabrze]] File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|[[:en:Bytom|Bytom]] File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_Górze.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_G%C3%B3rze.jpg|[[:en:Zielona_Góra|Zielona Góra]] File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|[[:en:Rybnik|Rybnik]] File:Plac_Jana_Pawła_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plac_Jana_Paw%C5%82a_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|[[:en:Ruda_Śląska|Ruda Śląska]] File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|[[:en:Opole|Opole]] File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|[[:en:Tychy|Tychy]] File:Chorzów_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chorz%C3%B3w_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|[[:en:Chorzów|Chorzów]] File:Wałbrzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wa%C5%82brzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|[[:en:Wałbrzych|Wałbrzych]] File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|[[:en:Legnica|Legnica]] File:Pałac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pa%C5%82ac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|[[:en:Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Jastrzębie-Zdrój]] File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|[[:en:Opava|Opava]] File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|[[:en:Brzeg|Brzeg]] </gallery> == Flags an blasouns == The signs of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia hae their founds in the signs of the Piasts of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia. The blasoun of Iver Silesia depicts the gowden earn on the blue shiel. The blasoun of Nether Silesia depicts a black earn on a gowden (yella) shiel.<gallery> File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|Blasoun of the Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Upper_Silesia|province of Iver Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_śląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Silesian_Voivodeship|Blasoun of the Silesian Voivodeship]] File:POL_województwo_opolskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Opole_Voivodeship|The blasoun of the Opolskie Voivodeship]] File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|Blasoun of Duke [[:en:Henry_Probus|Henry Probus]] File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|Blasoun of [[:en:Austrian_Silesia|Austrian Silesia]] (1742–1918) File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Lower_Silesia|province of Nether Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|Blasoun of the [[:en:Lower_Silesia_Voivodeship|Nether Silesia Voivodeship]] File:Znak_Slezska.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Znak_Slezska.svg|Blasoun of [[:en:Czech_Silesia|Czech Silesia]] </gallery>Flags wi their colors refer tae the blasoun of Silesia.<gallery> File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Upper_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Iver Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Silesia Voivodeship File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|Flag of the Austrian Silesia (1742–1918), an Czech Silesia File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Silesia_and_Lower_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Nether Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Nether Silesia Voivodeship </gallery> == Warld Heritage Steids == <gallery mode="packed-hover" widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|Kirks of Peace, Świdnica an Jawor File:Wrocław_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wroc%C5%82aw_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|Centennial Haa, [[Wrocław]] File:SZTOLNIA_GŁĘBOKA_FRYDERYK_-_część_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastrąga.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SZTOLNIA_G%C5%81%C4%98BOKA_FRYDERYK_-_cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastr%C4%85ga.jpg|Historic Siller Mine, Tarnowskie Góry File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|Muskau Pairk, Łęknica an Bad Muskau<ref>Łęknica and Bad Muskau were considered part of Silesia in years 1815–1945.</ref> </gallery> * == Notes == == Sources == * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Silesia|volume=25|pages=90–92}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Czapliński|editor1-first=Marek|editor2-last=Wiszewski|editor2-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Region Divided - Times of Nation-States (1918-1945)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/64229/Cuius_regio_vol_4.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=en|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=4|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-8-9}} * {{Cite book|last=Długajczyk|first=Edward|title=Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939|publisher=Śląsk|year=1993|isbn=83-85831-03-7|location=[[Katowice]]|author-link=Edward Długajczyk}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Wąs|editor2-first=Gabriela|encyclopedia=The Strengthening of Silesian Regionalism (1526-1740)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/73766/Cuius_regio_vol_2.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=en|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=2|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-6-5}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Kulak|editor2-first=Teresa|encyclopedia=Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/79021/Cuius_regio_vol_3.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=en|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=3|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-3-7}} * {{Cite book|last=Plater|first=Stanisław|url=https://obc.opole.pl/Content/8541/download/|title=Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę|publisher=Wilhelm Bogumił Korn|year=1825|location=Wrocław|language=pl|trans-title=Geography of the Eastern Part of Europe, or Description of the Countries inhabited by Various Slavic Nations: Including Prussia, the Duchy of Posen, Prussian Silesia, Galicia, the Republic of Cracow, the Kingdom of Poland, and Lithuania|author-link=Stanisław Plater}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Przemysław|editor-first=Wiszewski|encyclopedia=The Long Formation of the Region (c. 1000–1526)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/49790/Cuius_regio_vol_1.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=en|year=2013|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=1|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-1-0}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Wiszewski|editor-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Permanent Change - The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/76597/Cuius_regio_vol_5.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=en|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=5|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-2-0}} * {{Cite book|last=Zahradnik|first=Stanisław|title=Korzenie Zaolzia|last2=Marek Ryczkowski|publisher=PAI-press|year=1992|location=Warszawa - Praga - Trzyniec|oclc=177389723}} == Wabsteid links == * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727142251/http://brws.silesia-region.pl/indexang.php|date=27 July 2007|title=Silesia in Europe page}} * [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/silesia.htm Map of Silesia in 1763] * [http://www.vogel-soya.de/bilder/Schlesphoto.html Old postcards from Silesian towns] * [http://www.schlesierland.de/index.html Photos from Silesian towns, villages and communities before 1946] * [http://culture.pl/en/article/what-is-silesia What is Silesia?] * [https://mapy.com/en/zakladni?q=Slezsko%20-%20s%20moravsk%C3%BDmi%20enkl%C3%A1vami&source=area&id=191266&ds=1&x=17.1035242&y=50.7247522&z=7 Borders of Silesia with Moravian enclaves] on Mapy.com == References == ip93glzywbnt6dvm3d4iwvafnz0fbil 3 233635 918527 2026-06-20T14:46:05Z CiphriusKane 74958 /* Juin 2026 */ new section 918527 wikitext text/x-wiki == Juin 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36109-45|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:CiphriusKane|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:46, 20 Juin 2026 (UTC) d90g4b9hewcjtvon0qis1s5abg16z55