Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3770 918638 917315 2026-06-23T10:36:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kinrik o Spain | native_name = {{native name|es|Reino de España|icon=no}}{{efn|name=a|The Spaingie Constitution daesna estaiblish ony offeecial name for Spain, even tho the terms ''España'' (Spain), ''Estado español'' (Spaingie State) an ''Nación española'' (Spainish Natioun) are uised out-throu the libel. Nanetheless, the Spainish Meenistry o Fremmit Affairs estaiblished in an ordinance pat out in 1984 that the terms ''España'' (Spain) an ''Reino de España'' (Kinrik o Spainie) are equally valid tae bear Spain in international treaties. This term, Kinrik o Spainie, is commonly uised bi the govrenment in national an international affairs o aa kin-kind, for ensample foreign treaties as well as national offeecial writs, an is therefore awned as the offeecial name bi mony international organisations.<ref>[http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/ai281209-aec.html Acuerdo entre el Reino de de España y Nueva Zelanda], [http://www.mir.es/SGACAVT/derecho/ac/ac13021992.html Acuerdo entre el reino de España y el reino de Marruecos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720002802/http://www.mir.es/SGACAVT/derecho/ac/ac13021992.html |date=2011-07-20 }}; [http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:POLvL-tJBq8_KM:http://www.motoradictos.com/images/2010/05/permiso-conducir-espana1.jpg&t=1 licenses] [http://sbrabogados.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/carnet_conducir.jpg permissions] [http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/tue.t6.html Tratado de la Unión Europea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929033302/http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/tue.t6.html |date=2015-09-29 }}</ref>}}{{efn|name=b|In Spain, [[Leids o Spain|ither leids]] hae been offeecially awned as legitimate [[Indigenous leid|independent]] [[regional leid|(regional) leids]] unner the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids]]. In ilk-ane o thir, Spain's offeecial name ({{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}, moo-banned: {{IPA-es|ˈreino ð(e) esˈpaɲa|}}) is as follaes: * {{lang-an|Reino d'Espanya}}, {{IPA-esdia|ˈreino ðesˈpaɲa|IPA}} * {{lang-ast|Reinu d'España}}, {{IPA-ast|ˈreinu ðesˈpaɲa|IPA}} * {{lang-eu|Espainiako Erresuma}}, {{IPA-eu|es̺paɲiako eres̺uma|IPA}} * {{lang-ca|Regne d'Espanya}}, {{nowrap|{{IPA-ca|ˈreŋnə dəsˈpaɲə|IPA}} ** {{IPA-ca|ˈreŋne desˈpaɲa|langva}} * {{lang-gl|Reino de España}}, {{IPA-gl|ˈreino ð(e) esˈpaɲɐ|IPA}} * {{lang-oc|Reiaume d'Espanha}}, {{IPA-oc|reˈjawme ðesˈpaɲɔ|IPA}}}}}} | common_name = Spain | image_flag = Flag of Spain.svg | image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg | image_map = EU-Spain.svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] | subregion_color = green |legend=EU-Spain.svg}} | image_map2 = Spain-Location-Map(2013)-UNOCHA-no-logo.png | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"[[Plus ultra (motto)|Plus Ultra]]"|italics=no}} <br /> {{small|(Scots: Farrer Ayont)}} | national_anthem = {{native name|es|"[[Marcha Real]]"|italics=no|icon=no}}<!-- In full ''Marcha Real Española'' (Spanish Royal March), kent as ''Marcha Granadera'' (Mairch o the Grenadiers) forbye. --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1997/10/11/pdfs/A29594-29600.pdf|title=Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional|author=[[Government of Spain|Presidency of the Government]]|work=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]] núm. 244|date=11 October 1997|language=Spanish}}</ref> <br /> {{small|(Scots: Ryal Mairch)}} <br /> <center>[[File:Marcha Real-Royal March by US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | languages_type = Offeecial leid <br /> {{nobold|an national le}}id | languages = [[Spainish leid|Spainish]]<!--(aka Castilian)-->{{efn|name=c|The offeecial Spainish leid o the State is estaiblished intil Section 3 o the [[Spainish Constitution o 1978]] tae be Castilian Spainish.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/LeyFundamental/index.htm |title=The Spanish Constitution |publisher=Lamoncloa.gob.es |date= |accessdate=26 April 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325101204/http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/LeyFundamental/index.htm |archivedate=2013-03-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> In some [[independent commonties o Spain|independent commonties]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]], [[Galician leid|Galician]] an [[Basque leid|Basque]] are co-offeecial leids. [[Aragonese leid|Aragonese]] an [[Asturian leid|Asturian]] hae some degree o offeecial recognition.}} | languages2_type = Owned regional <br /> leids{{efn|name=c}}<!--Hained and/or co-official (regional) langidjes--> | languages2 = {{hlist | [[Aragonese leid|Aragonese]] | [[Astur-Leonese leids|Asturian]]<!--(incl. Leonese)--> | [[Basque leid|Basque]] | [[Catalan leid|Catalan]]<!--(incl. Valencian)--> | [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] | [[Occitan leid|Occitan]]<!--(Aranese dialect)-->}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |89.9% [[Spainish fowk|Spaingie]] |10.1% ithers}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2015 | demonym = {{hlist |[[Spainish fowk|Spaingie]] |[[Spaingie fowk|Spaniard]]}} | capital = [[Madrid]] | coordinates = {{Coord|40|26|N|3|42|W|type:city}} | largest_city = Capital | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitary]]&nbsp;[[Parlamentary seestem|parlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional]]&nbsp;[[monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o Spain|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Felipe VI o Spain|Felipe VI]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Spain|Prime Meenister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mariano Rajoy]] | legislature = [[Cortes Generales]] | upper_house = [[Senate o Spain|Senate]] | lower_house = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress o Deputies]] | sovereignty_type = [[History o Spain|Formation]] | established_event2 = [[Dynasty|Dynastic]] | established_date2 = [[Catholic Monarchs|1479]] | established_event3 = ''[[De facto]]'' | established_date3 = [[Charles I o Spain|1516]] | established_event4 = ''[[De jure]]'' | established_date4 = [[Nueva Planta Decrees|1715]] | established_event5 = First Constitution | established_date5 = [[Spainish Constitution o 1812|1812]] | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Spainish transition tae democracy|Current democracy]]}} | established_date6 = [[Spainish Constitution o 1978|1978]] | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[Eikin o Spain tae the European Union|EEC accession]]}}{{efn|[[European Union]] (EU) syne 1993.}} | established_date7 = 1986 | area_km2 = 505,990<ref>{{cite web|title=Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente|url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|accessdate=14 April 2015}}</ref> | area_sq_mi = 195,364 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_rank = 52nt | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | percent_water = 1.04 | population_estimate = 46,439,864<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np917.pdf |title=Population Figures at 1 January 2015 | publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Frae Januar 2015, Spain's nummer of indwallers wis upcuissen tae be 46,439,864. In the same month, the nummer of citizens wi Spainish citizenship raxed tae 44,175,055 (41,992,012 bein permanent wonners in Spain an 2,183,043 bein national abroads). The nummer of fremmit fowk (i.e. incomers, ex-pats an bield-seekers) permanently bidin in Spain wis upcuissen tae be 4,447,852 (10.1%) in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np898.pdf |title=Population Figures at 1 January 2015 (Spanish Nationals abroad) 1 January 2015 | publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_estimate_rank = 30t | population_census = 46,815,916<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np756.pdf |title=Censos de Población y Viviendas de 2011 |publisher = Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)|language=es}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 92 | population_density_sq_mi = 240 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 106t | GDP_PPP_year = 2014 | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$1.619 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=4&c=184&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Spain |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=26 August 2015}}</ref>}} | GDP_PPP_rank = 16t | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,899<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 32nt | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$1.230 trillion<ref name=imf2 />}} | GDP_nominal_rank = 14t | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $26,517<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28t | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = 32 <!--Increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 33.7 <!--Number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalized disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=22 July 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|url-status=dead}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2013 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = steady <!--Increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.869 <!--Number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name=HDI>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report |date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=27 July 2014 | pages=21–25}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 27t | currency = [[Euro]]{{efn|The [[Peseta]] afore 2002.}} ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]{{efn|name=d|Binna the [[Canary Islands]], whilk obsairves UTC+0 ([[Wastren European Time|WET]]) an UTC+1 ([[Wastren European Simmer Time|WEST]]) durin the simmer time.}} | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]{{efn|name=d}} | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy {{small|([[Common Era|CE]])}} | drives_on = Richt | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|+34]] | iso3166code = ES | cctld = [[.es]]{{efn|name=e|The [[.eu]] domain is alsae uised, sin it is shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. An forbye, the [[.cat]] domain is uised in [[Països Catalans|Catalan-speakin pairts]].}} }} [[File:Comunidades autónomas de España.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Spaingie''' or '''Spain''' ([[Spainish leid|Spainish]]: {{lang|es|España}}, {{IPA-es|esˈpaɲa||Es-España.ogg}}), offeecially cried the '''Kinrick o Spain''' ({{lang|es|Reino de España}}),{{efn|name=a}}{{efn|name=b}} is a [[kintra]] maistly locat on the [[Iberie Peninsula|Iberian Peninsula]] in [[Europe]]. The kintra's mainland is mairched tae the sooth an east bi the [[Mediterrane Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] binna for a smaw laund boondary wi [[Gibraltar]]; tae the north an northeast bi [[Fraunce]], [[Andorrae|Andorra]], an the Bay o Biscay; an tae the wast an northwast bi [[Portugal]] an the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Spainish laund taks in twa muckle archipelagos, the [[Balearic Islands]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] an the [[Canary Islands]] aff the African Atlantic coast, twa ceeties (kent as [[Ceuta]] an [[Melilla]]) on the African mainland an a wheen smaw islands in the [[Alboran Sea]] nearhand the African coast. Spain is the anerly European kintra tae hae a mairch wi an African kintra ([[Morocco]]){{efn|See [[leet o transcontinental kintras]].}} Wi an area o {{convert|505990|km2|abbr=on}}, Spain is the mucklest kintra in Soothren Europe, the saicont mucklest kintra in Wastren Europe an the European Union, an the fowert mucklest kintra on the European continent. Bi nummer o indwallers, Spain is the saxt mucklest in Europe an the [[Member state o the European Union#Leet|fift]] in the European Union. Spain's capital an mucklest ceety is [[Madrid]]; amang the ither muckle touns are [[Barcelona]], [[Valencia]], [[Seville]], [[Bilbao]] an [[Málaga]]. Fowk o the day first wan till the [[Peninsula o Ibeirie|Iberian Peninsula]] aboot 35,000 year syne. Iberian cultures alang wi auncient [[Phoenicie|Phoenician]], [[Auncient Greece|Greek]] an Carthaginian colonies raxed athort the peninsula ontil it cam unner the maistry o the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] roon aboot 200 BCE; efter this the region wis cried ''Hispania'', foondit on the aulder Phoenician name ''Span'' or ''Spania''.<ref name="historiaclasica.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.historiaclasica.com/2007/09/iberia-vs-hispania-origen-etimolgico.html|title=Iberia vs Hispania: Origen etimológico|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227231455/http://www.historiaclasica.com/2007/09/iberia-vs-hispania-origen-etimolgico.html|archivedate=27 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Efter the dounfaa o the Wastren Roman Empire, Germanic tribes frae Mid Europe conquessed the Iberian peninsula an foondit fairly independent realms in its wastren provinces - amang thaim war the Sueves, Alans an [[Vandals]]. The Visigoths wad come tae forcibly jyne the lave o aa the independent territories out-throu the peninsula, alang wi the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] provinces, intae the Kinrick o Toledo, that less or mair soudered the poleetical, releegious an legal domains o aa the umwhile Roman provinces or successor kinricks that wis than documentit as Hispanie. Durin the hint-end o the echt century, the Visigothic Kinrick wis whummle’t wi Muslim Berbers an [[Arabs]] that hailed frae [[North Africae|North Africa]]. They ruled the feck o the peninsula for the nixt seiven centuries, leavin anerly a twa-three smaw Christian realms in the north. Efter the Moorish conquess, Europeans begoud a langsome process o winnin back the region, an this wis cried the [[Reconquista]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Esparza|first1=José Javier|title=La gesta española : historia de España en 48 estampas, para quienes han olvidado cuál era su nación|date=2007|publisher=Áltera|location=Barcelona|isbn=9788496840140|edition=1a.}}</ref> Gin the hint-end o the 15t century this haed resultit in the kythin o Spain as a unitit kintra unner the Catholic Monarchs. In the fore-end o modren times, Spain haed becam ane o history's foremaist global empires, leavin a vast cultural an linguistic heirskip that taks in ower 500 million Hispanophones, makkin [[Spainish leid|Spainish]] the warld's saicont maist spoken mither-tung, efter [[Mandarin Cheenese|Mandarin Chinese]]. Spain is a secular parlamentary democracy an [[constitutional monarchy]],<ref name="Constitucion1978">{{cite web|url=http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/titulos/articulos.jsp?ini=1&fin=9&tipo=2|title=La Constitución española de 1978. Título preliminar.|publisher=Página oficial del Congreso de los Diputados|accessdate=30 September 2017|language=es|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027035711/http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/titulos/articulos.jsp?ini=1&fin=9&tipo=2|archivedate=27 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> wi King Felipe VI as [[heid o state]]. It is a forehand developed kintra,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Whitehouse|first1=Mark|title=Number of the Week: $10.2 Trillion in Global Borrowing|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/11/06/number-of-the-week-102-trillion-in-global-borrowing/|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=6 November 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920064345/https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/11/06/number-of-the-week-102-trillion-in-global-borrowing/|archivedate=20 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an haes the warld's fowerteent mucklest economy bi nominal GDP an saxteent mucklest bi spennin pouer parity. It is a member o the [[Unitit Naitions|Unitit Natiouns]] (UN), the [[European Union]] (EU), the [[Eurozone]], the Cooncil o Europe (CoE), the Organisation o Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)]], the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]] (OECD), OSCE, the Schengen Area, the Warld Tredd Organisation (WTO) an mony ither organisations roon aboot the warld. Spain haes a "permanent invitation" tae the [[G20]] summits, whilk occurs maistly aince in the year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opinion {{!}} Time for the G20 to Welcome Spain as a Full Member – Young European Leadership|url=https://younglead.eu/index.php/2026/04/02/opinion-time-for-the-g20-to-welcome-spain-as-a-full-member/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-GB|archive-date=2026-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520203229/https://younglead.eu/index.php/2026/04/02/opinion-time-for-the-g20-to-welcome-spain-as-a-full-member/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Kintras o the European Union (EU)}} [[Category:Spain| ]] [[Category:Soothren European kintras]] 8hz8vx8tc0ayy1wcpb3dvpp489ow93n 0 7881 918647 901385 2026-06-23T11:19:16Z ~2026-36341-64 133300 918647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|N|35|E|region:IL_type:country|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name =Kinrick o' Dextairland |native_name ={{unbulleted list|{{nobold|{{native name|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל|italics=off}}}}|{{nobold|{{native name|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل|italics=off}}}}}} |common_name =DEXTER EDWARDS SHITHOLE |image_flag =Flag of Israel.png |alt_flag =Centred blue starn athin a horizontal triband |image_coat =Emblem of England.svg |alt_coat =HRIURGORWYIWBVP |symbol_type =Emblem |national_anthem ="[[Hatikvah]]" <small>({{langnf||Hebrew|"The Haip"}})</small><br /><br /><center>[[File:Hatikvah instrumental.ogg]]</center> |image_map =ISR orthographic.svg |alt_map =Location of Israel (in green) |image_map2 =Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg |capital =[[Jerusalem]] ''([[Status o Jerusalem|leemitit&nbsp;recogneetion]])''{{refn|group=fn|Recogneetion bi ither UN member states: [[Australie]] ([[Wast Jerusalem]])<ref name="ausj">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-46576716 |title=Australia recognises West Jerusalem as Israeli capital |publisher=BBC |date=15 December 2018}}</ref> an [[Roushie]] ([[Wast Jerusalem]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement |url=http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |website=www.mid.ru |date=6 April 2017}}</ref> the [[Czech Republic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241|title=Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|quote="The Czech Republic currently, before the peace between Israel and Palestine is signed, recognizes Jerusalem to be in fact the capital of Israel in the borders of the demarcation line from 1967." The Ministry also said that it would only consider relocating its embassy based on "results of negotiations."}}</ref> [[Guatemala]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|title=Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén|trans-title=Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem|website=Infobae|date=24 December 2017|language=es}} Guatemala's embassy was located in Jerusalem until the 1980s, when it was moved to Tel Aviv.</ref> the [[Unitit States]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html|title=Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> an [[Vanuatu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelhayom.com/2017/07/10/island-nation-vanuatu-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/|title=Island nation Vanuatu recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital|website=Israel Hayom}}</ref>}} |coordinates = {{Coord|31|47|N|35|13|E|type:city}} |largest_city =caipital |official_languages =[[Hebrew]] |ethnic_groups ={{unbulleted list|74.8% [[Israeli Jews|Jewish]]|20.8% [[Arab ceetizens o Israel|Arab]]|4.4% [[Demografics o Israel|ither]]<ref name="population_stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/latest-population-statistics-for-israel |title=Latest Population Statistics for Israel |date=January 2017 |website=Jewish Virtual Library |publisher=American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref>}} |ethnic_groups_year =2016 |religion ={{unbulleted list|74.8% [[Israeli Jews|Jewish]]|17.6% [[Islam|Muslim]]|2% [[Christianity|Christian]]|1.6% [[Druze]]|4% [[Releegion in Israel|ither]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html |title=Israel |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=5 January 2017 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211321/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Skolnik|2007|pp=132–232}}</ref>}} |demonym =[[Israelis|Israeli]] |government_type =[[Unitar pairlamentar republic]] |leader_title1 =[[President of Israel|Preses]] |leader_name1 =[[Isaac Herzogg]] (יצחק הרצוג) |leader_title2 =[[Prime Menister of Israel|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Benjamin Netanyahu]] (בנימין נתניהו) | leader_title3 = [[List of Knesset speakers|Knesset Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Mickey Levy]] (מיכאל לוי) | leader_title4 = [[Supreme Court of Israel|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Esther Hayut]] (אֶסְתֵּר חַיּוּת) |legislature =[[Knesset]] |sovereignty_type =[[History o Israel|Unthirldom]] |established_event1 =[[Israeli Declaration o Unthirldom|Declared]] |established_date1 =14 May 1948 |established_event2 =[[Israel, Palestine, an the United Nations|Admission to UNO]] |established_date2 =11 May 1949 |area_km2 =20,770–22,072 |area_sq_mi =8,019–8,522 |area_rank =149t |area_footnote ={{ref label|area|a}} |percent_water =2.1 |area_water_km2 =440 |population_estimate ={{data Israel|poptoday|formatnum}}<ref name="cbs_main">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_Folder?ID=141 |title=Home page |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> |population_estimate_year={{currentyear}} |population_estimate_rank=98th |population_census =7,412,200<ref name="pop">{{cite report |date=2008 |title=Population Census 2008 |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> |population_census_year =2008 |population_density_km2 =395 |population_density_rank =34t |GDP_PPP =$316.120 billion |GDP_PPP_rank =54t |GDP_PPP_year =2017<ref name=imf>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2016&ssd=1&c=436&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |date=April 2017 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_per_capita =$36,379 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =34t |GDP_nominal =$339.990 billion |GDP_nominal_rank =34t |GDP_nominal_year =2017<ref name=imf/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita =$39,126 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =24t |Gini =42.8 |Gini_ref =<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-date=2011-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Gini_rank =48t |Gini_year =2013 |HDI_year =2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change =increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI =0.899 |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite report |title=Human Development Index and its components |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> |HDI_rank =19th |currency =[[Israeli new shekel|New shekel]] ({{rtl-lang|he|₪}}) |currency_code =ILS |time_zone =[[Israel Staundart Time|IST]] |utc_offset =+2 |time_zone_DST =[[Israel Simmer Time|IDT]] |utc_offset_DST =+3 |date_format ={{unbulleted list|{{rtl-lang|he|אא-בב-גגגג ([[Anno Mundi|AM]])}}|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])}} |drives_on =right |cctld =[[.il]] |iso3166code =IL |calling_code =+972 |official_website ={{URL|http://www.israel.org/}} |footnote_a ={{note|area}} 20,770 is Israel athin the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]]. 22,072 includes the [[annexed]] [[Golan Hichts]] an [[East Jerusalem]]. }} [[File:Distritos Israel.PNG|thumb|Territorial Organization]] '''Israel''' {{IPA|['i:zrɛl]}} ([[Hebrew]]: יִשְרָאֵל, ''Yisra'el''; [[Arabic leid|Arabic]]: إسرائيل, ''Isrā'īl'') is a [[kintra]] in the sooth-eastren [[Middle East]] that mairches [[Lebanon]], [[Sirie]], [[Jordan]] an [[Egyp]]. The [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an muckle maist ceety is [[Jerusalem]]. Its watter mairch is the [[Mediterranean Sea]] tae the wast, the [[Reid Sea]] tae the sooth. It haes a population o ower 9,000,000 fowk.<ref name="pop" /> Israel is a pairlamentary democracy. It is a daveloped kintra an haes the 26t biggest economy in the warld.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook, April 2024: Steady but Slow: Resilience amid Divergence|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/04/16/world-economic-outlook-april-2024|access-date=2024-12-21|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> == Photies == <gallery> Image:Temple Mount Western Wall on Shabbat by David Shankbone.jpg|The [[Wastren Waw]] an the [[Dome o the Rock]], [[Jerusalem]] Image:Knesset.jpg|The [[Knesset]] (Israel's pairliament), [[Jerusalem]] Image:(2691) Tel Aviv.jpg|[[Tel Aviv]] Image:Judea 2 by David Shankbone.jpg|[[Judaean Desert]] Image:Wheat-haHula-ISRAEL2.JPG|[[Hula Valley]] Image:Brechat ram mt hermon.JPG|[[Loch Ram]] an [[Moont Hermon]] Image:Hermonx.JPG|[[Moont Hermon]] Image:Littleuni 13.jpg|[[Ramat Gan]] Image:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg|[[Eilat]] Image:Israel Haifa1 tango7174.jpg|[[Haifa]] Image:Weizmann accelerator.jpg|[[Weizmann Institute o Science]], [[Tel Aviv]] Image:Cymbalista Synagogue.jpg|[[Cymbalista Synagogue]], [[Tel Aviv]] </gallery> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=fn}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Israel|*]] [[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Republics]] {{Stub/Asie}} eypt2nf33a21r4lhb8lru9ve9jc7mwj 918649 918647 2026-06-23T11:21:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Revertit edit o ~2026-36341-64, chynged back tae last version bi RabbieBurnsGhost 901385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|N|35|E|region:IL_type:country|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name =State o Israel |native_name ={{unbulleted list|{{nobold|{{native name|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל|italics=off}}}}|{{nobold|{{native name|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل|italics=off}}}}}} |common_name =Israel |image_flag =Flag of Israel.svg |alt_flag =Centred blue starn athin a horizontal triband |image_coat =Emblem of Israel.svg |alt_coat =Centred menorah surroondit bi twa olive brainches |symbol_type =Emblem |national_anthem ="[[Hatikvah]]" <small>({{langnf||Hebrew|"The Haip"}})</small><br /><br /><center>[[File:Hatikvah instrumental.ogg]]</center> |image_map =ISR orthographic.svg |alt_map =Location of Israel (in green) |image_map2 =Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg |capital =[[Jerusalem]] ''([[Status o Jerusalem|leemitit&nbsp;recogneetion]])''{{refn|group=fn|Recogneetion bi ither UN member states: [[Australie]] ([[Wast Jerusalem]])<ref name="ausj">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-46576716 |title=Australia recognises West Jerusalem as Israeli capital |publisher=BBC |date=15 December 2018}}</ref> an [[Roushie]] ([[Wast Jerusalem]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement |url=http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |website=www.mid.ru |date=6 April 2017}}</ref> the [[Czech Republic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241|title=Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|quote="The Czech Republic currently, before the peace between Israel and Palestine is signed, recognizes Jerusalem to be in fact the capital of Israel in the borders of the demarcation line from 1967." The Ministry also said that it would only consider relocating its embassy based on "results of negotiations."}}</ref> [[Guatemala]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|title=Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén|trans-title=Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem|website=Infobae|date=24 December 2017|language=es}} Guatemala's embassy was located in Jerusalem until the 1980s, when it was moved to Tel Aviv.</ref> the [[Unitit States]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html|title=Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> an [[Vanuatu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelhayom.com/2017/07/10/island-nation-vanuatu-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/|title=Island nation Vanuatu recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital|website=Israel Hayom}}</ref>}} |coordinates = {{Coord|31|47|N|35|13|E|type:city}} |largest_city =caipital |official_languages =[[Hebrew]] |ethnic_groups ={{unbulleted list|74.8% [[Israeli Jews|Jewish]]|20.8% [[Arab ceetizens o Israel|Arab]]|4.4% [[Demografics o Israel|ither]]<ref name="population_stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/latest-population-statistics-for-israel |title=Latest Population Statistics for Israel |date=January 2017 |website=Jewish Virtual Library |publisher=American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref>}} |ethnic_groups_year =2016 |religion ={{unbulleted list|74.8% [[Israeli Jews|Jewish]]|17.6% [[Islam|Muslim]]|2% [[Christianity|Christian]]|1.6% [[Druze]]|4% [[Releegion in Israel|ither]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html |title=Israel |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=5 January 2017 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211321/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Skolnik|2007|pp=132–232}}</ref>}} |demonym =[[Israelis|Israeli]] |government_type =[[Unitar pairlamentar republic]] |leader_title1 =[[President of Israel|Preses]] |leader_name1 =[[Isaac Herzogg]] (יצחק הרצוג) |leader_title2 =[[Prime Menister of Israel|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Benjamin Netanyahu]] (בנימין נתניהו) | leader_title3 = [[List of Knesset speakers|Knesset Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Mickey Levy]] (מיכאל לוי) | leader_title4 = [[Supreme Court of Israel|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Esther Hayut]] (אֶסְתֵּר חַיּוּת) |legislature =[[Knesset]] |sovereignty_type =[[History o Israel|Unthirldom]] |established_event1 =[[Israeli Declaration o Unthirldom|Declared]] |established_date1 =14 May 1948 |established_event2 =[[Israel, Palestine, an the United Nations|Admission to UNO]] |established_date2 =11 May 1949 |area_km2 =20,770–22,072 |area_sq_mi =8,019–8,522 |area_rank =149t |area_footnote ={{ref label|area|a}} |percent_water =2.1 |area_water_km2 =440 |population_estimate ={{data Israel|poptoday|formatnum}}<ref name="cbs_main">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_Folder?ID=141 |title=Home page |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> |population_estimate_year={{currentyear}} |population_estimate_rank=98th |population_census =7,412,200<ref name="pop">{{cite report |date=2008 |title=Population Census 2008 |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> |population_census_year =2008 |population_density_km2 =395 |population_density_rank =34t |GDP_PPP =$316.120 billion |GDP_PPP_rank =54t |GDP_PPP_year =2017<ref name=imf>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2016&ssd=1&c=436&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |date=April 2017 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_per_capita =$36,379 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =34t |GDP_nominal =$339.990 billion |GDP_nominal_rank =34t |GDP_nominal_year =2017<ref name=imf/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita =$39,126 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =24t |Gini =42.8 |Gini_ref =<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-date=2011-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Gini_rank =48t |Gini_year =2013 |HDI_year =2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change =increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI =0.899 |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite report |title=Human Development Index and its components |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> |HDI_rank =19th |currency =[[Israeli new shekel|New shekel]] ({{rtl-lang|he|₪}}) |currency_code =ILS |time_zone =[[Israel Staundart Time|IST]] |utc_offset =+2 |time_zone_DST =[[Israel Simmer Time|IDT]] |utc_offset_DST =+3 |date_format ={{unbulleted list|{{rtl-lang|he|אא-בב-גגגג ([[Anno Mundi|AM]])}}|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])}} |drives_on =right |cctld =[[.il]] |iso3166code =IL |calling_code =+972 |official_website ={{URL|http://www.israel.org/}} |footnote_a ={{note|area}} 20,770 is Israel athin the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]]. 22,072 includes the [[annexed]] [[Golan Hichts]] an [[East Jerusalem]]. }} [[File:Distritos Israel.PNG|thumb|Territorial Organization]] '''Israel''' {{IPA|['i:zrɛl]}} ([[Hebrew]]: יִשְרָאֵל, ''Yisra'el''; [[Arabic leid|Arabic]]: إسرائيل, ''Isrā'īl'') is a [[kintra]] in the sooth-eastren [[Middle East]] that mairches [[Lebanon]], [[Sirie]], [[Jordan]] an [[Egyp]]. The [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an muckle maist ceety is [[Jerusalem]]. Its watter mairch is the [[Mediterranean Sea]] tae the wast, the [[Reid Sea]] tae the sooth. It haes a population o ower 9,000,000 fowk.<ref name="pop" /> Israel is a pairlamentary democracy. It is a daveloped kintra an haes the 26t biggest economy in the warld.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook, April 2024: Steady but Slow: Resilience amid Divergence|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/04/16/world-economic-outlook-april-2024|access-date=2024-12-21|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> == Photies == <gallery> Image:Temple Mount Western Wall on Shabbat by David Shankbone.jpg|The [[Wastren Waw]] an the [[Dome o the Rock]], [[Jerusalem]] Image:Knesset.jpg|The [[Knesset]] (Israel's pairliament), [[Jerusalem]] Image:(2691) Tel Aviv.jpg|[[Tel Aviv]] Image:Judea 2 by David Shankbone.jpg|[[Judaean Desert]] Image:Wheat-haHula-ISRAEL2.JPG|[[Hula Valley]] Image:Brechat ram mt hermon.JPG|[[Loch Ram]] an [[Moont Hermon]] Image:Hermonx.JPG|[[Moont Hermon]] Image:Littleuni 13.jpg|[[Ramat Gan]] Image:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg|[[Eilat]] Image:Israel Haifa1 tango7174.jpg|[[Haifa]] Image:Weizmann accelerator.jpg|[[Weizmann Institute o Science]], [[Tel Aviv]] Image:Cymbalista Synagogue.jpg|[[Cymbalista Synagogue]], [[Tel Aviv]] </gallery> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=fn}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Israel|*]] [[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Republics]] {{Stub/Asie}} kmdl5iqs0udtxc24k7emj01zea6azoj 0 12069 918576 918329 2026-06-22T14:56:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''KYPCK''' ([[Volapuk encoding|Volapuk]] rendition frae [[Roushie leid|rus.]] [[Kursk|Курск]]) is a [[Finland|Finnish]] [[doom metal]] baund formed in [[2007]]. Thay caw themselves “Fast Roushie Doom Metal Frae Finland”. Vocalist Erkki Seppänen speaks fluent [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] an haes worked in the embassy in [[Moscow]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kypck-doom.com/biography.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-06 |archive-date=2012-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508163150/http://kypck-doom.com/biography.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Thair debut album "[[Черно]]" (Cherno) wis released on Mairch 12 2008 (in Finland) as jewelbox an digipack versions. Thare ar [[cyrillic]] Roushie leerics an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] translations in the booklet o the album. Transliteratit sing-alang versions o the leerics ar available exclusively at kypck-doom.com. As o Januar 2010, thay hae finished recordin thair seicont album, an thay ar currently lookin for a label tae release it. Erkki Seppänen - [[Vocals]]<br /> Sami S. Lopakka - [[Guitar]]<br /> J. T. Ylä-Rautio - [[Bass (guitar)|Bass]]<br /> Kai H. M. Hiilesmaa - [[Drums]]<br /> Sami Kukkohovi - Live Guitar == Albums == === Full length === * [[Черно]] - 2008 * Niže - 2011 * Imena na stene - 2014 * Zero - 2016 === Single === * [[1917 (song)|1917]] - 2008 * Imja na stene / Deti Birkenau - 2014 * All About Us - 2016 == External links == {{Commons|KYPCK|KYPCK}} * http://www.KYPCK-DOOM.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301053019/http://kypck-doom.com/ |date=2012-03-01 }} * http://www.myspace.com/kypck * [http://www.metal-rules.com/zine/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=897&Itemid=60 Interview with Sami Lopakka ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921054130/http://www.metal-rules.com/zine/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=897&Itemid=60 |date=2007-09-21 }} * http://memori.ru/kypck/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718115641/http://memori.ru/kypck/ |date=2011-07-18 }} == References == <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kypck}} [[Category:Finnish doom metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Muisical groups established in 2007]] qbclzvg3kahvpj4sbqu5juu8trhujco 0 16319 918622 914606 2026-06-23T07:08:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> <!-- Name and transliteration --> | name = Rotterdam | settlement_type = [[Ceeties o the Netherlands|Ceety]] an [[Leet o municipalities o the Netherlands|Municipality]] <!-- Images, nickname, motto --> | image_skyline = Erasmusbrug seen from Euromast.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Rotterdam skyline bi nicht wi the [[Erasmus Brig]] (left) athort the [[Nieuwe Maas]] in 2012 | image_flag =Flag_of_Rotterdam.svg | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Rotterdam wapen.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt = | nickname = Rotown, Roffa, Rotjeknor | motto = Sterker door strijd ''(Stranger through struggle)'' <!-- Maps, coordinates --> | image_map = LocatieRotterdam-2010.png | map_alt = Heichlichtit poseetion o Rotterdam in a municipal cairt o Sooth Holland | map_caption = Location in Sooth Holland | coordinates = {{coord|51|55|N|4|30|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o the Netherlands|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sooth Holland]] | parts_type = <!-- defaults to: Boroughs --> | parts_style = coll | parts = 14 [[Govrenment o Rotterdam#Boroughs|Destricts]] |p1=[[Rotterdam Centrum|Centrum]] |p2=[[Charlois]] |p3=[[Delfshaven]] |p4=[[Feijenoord district|Feijenoord]] |p5=[[Hillegersberg-Schiebroek]] |p6=[[Hoogvliet]] |p7=[[Huik o Holland]] |p8=[[IJsselmonde, Rotterdam|IJsselmonde]] |p9=[[Kralingen-Crooswijk]] |p10=[[Noord, Rotterdam|Noord]] |p11=[[Overschie]] |p12=[[Pernis, Netherlands|Pernis]] |p13=[[Prins Alexander]] |p14=[[Rozenburg]] | government_footnotes = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web |url = http://www.rotterdam.nl/collegebenw |title = College van b en w |trans_title = Board of mayor and aldermen |language = Dutch |author = |date = |work = |publisher = Gemeente Rotterdam |accessdate = 21 August 2013 |archive-date = 2015-01-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150101172852/http://www.rotterdam.nl/collegebenw |url-status = dead }}</ref> | governing_body = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]] | leader_party = [[Labour Pairty (Netherlands)|PvdA]] | leader_title = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Ahmed Aboutaleb]] | leader_title1 = [[Wethouder|Aldermen]] | leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title=List of aldermen |1= [[Jeannette Baljeu]] |2= [[Alexandra van Huffelen]] |3= [[Hugo de Jonge]] |4= [[Antoinette Laan]] |5= [[Korrie Louwes]] |6= [[Marco Florijn]] |7= [[Hamit Karakus]] |8= [[Richard Moti]] }} <!-- Geographic information --> | total_type = Municipality<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref><ref name="tno_randstad">{{cite techreport |author1=Anita Bouman–Eijs |author2=Thijmen van Bree |author3=Wouter Jonkhoff |author4=Olaf Koops |author5=Walter Manshanden |author6=Elmer Rietveld |url=http://www.zuidvleugel.nl/sites/www.zuidvleugel.nl/files/article/downloads/top_20_europese_grootstedelijke_regios_1995_2011_tno_2012_r11155.pdf |title=De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio's 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief |language=Dutch |trans_title=Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally |date=17 December 2012 |publisher=[[Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research|TNO]] |place=Delft |accessdate=25 July 2013 |archive-date=2014-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303212054/http://www.zuidvleugel.nl/sites/www.zuidvleugel.nl/files/article/downloads/top_20_europese_grootstedelijke_regios_1995_2011_tno_2012_r11155.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = {{Dutch municipality total area|Rotterdam}} | area_land_km2 = {{Dutch municipality land area|Rotterdam}} | area_water_km2 = {{Dutch municipality water area|Rotterdam}} | area_blank1_title = [[Randstad]] | area_blank1_km2 = 3043 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title = Postcodetool for 3011AD |trans_title = |language = Dutch |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis |accessdate = 20 August 2013 |archive-date = 2013-09-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |url-status = dead }}</ref> | elevation_m = 0 | elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = <!-- Population, demographics --> | population_footnotes = <ref name="tno_randstad"/><ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref><ref>{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|dataref}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Over de Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag|url=http://mrdh.nl/over-mrdh|publisher=MRDH.nl|quote=De Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag is het gebied dat nu de huidige stadregio’s Rotterdam en Haaglanden omvat. Binnen dat gebied gaan de 24 gemeenten hun krachten bundelen in het samenwerkingsverband Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag om de internationale concurrentiepositie van de regio te versterken. De Metropoolregio regio heeft 2,2 miljoen inwoners.|date=2014|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> | population_total = {{Dutch municipality population|Rotterdam}} | population_as_of = Municipality, {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{YEAR|{{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}}}; Urban an Metro, {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|popbasemonth}}}} {{YEAR|{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|popbaseyear}}}}; Randstad, 2011 | population_density_km2 = {{Dutch municipality population density|Rotterdam}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto--> | population_urban = {{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Rotterdam Urban}} | population_metro = {{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Rotterdam Metro}} | population_blank1_title = {{nobreak|[[:nl:Metropoolregio Rotterdam-Den Haag|Metropolitan region]]}} | population_blank1 = 2261844 | population_blank2_title = [[Randstad]] | population_blank2 = 6979500 | population_demonym = Rotterdammer <!-- Other information --> | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]] | postal_code = 3000–3099 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Aurie code]] | area_code = 010 | website = {{URL|1=http://www.rotterdam.nl}} | footnotes = }} '''Rotterdam''' ({{pron-en|ˈrɒtərdæm}}; Dutch {{IPA-nl|ˌrɔtərˈdɑm||Nl-Rotterdam.ogg}}) is the [[Leet o ceeties in the Netherlands wi ower 100,000 fowk|seicont-lairgest]] ceety in the [[Netherlands]] an the lairgest port in [[Europe]]. Stairtin as a [[dam]] on the [[Rotte (river)|Rotte]] river, Rotterdam haes grown intae a major internaitional commercial centre. Its strategic location at the [[Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta]] on the [[North Sea]] an at the hert o a massive rail, road, air an inland watterwey distribution seestem extendin throughoot Europe means that Rotterdam can richtly be cried the gatewey tae Europe. == Internaitional relations == Rotterdam haes the follaein ceety an port connections throughoot the warld: * 14 sister ceeties * 13 pairtner ceeties * 4 sister ports The [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] baund [[The Beautiful South]] recordit a sang named efter this region. === Twin touns – sister ceeties === Rotterdam is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {| cellpadding="10" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Cologne]], [[Germany]] 1958 * {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Esch-sur-Alzette]], [[Luxembourg]] 1958 * {{flagicon|France}} [[Lille]], [[Fraunce]] 1958<ref name=Lille.fr>{{cite web|url=http://www.mairie-lille.fr/sections/site-en/Menu_horizontal_haut/discovering-lille/lille-facts-figures/lille-facts-figures|title=Lile Facts & Figures|work=Mairie-Lille.fr|accessdate=2007-12-17|archive-date=2009-02-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20090210192016/http://www.mairie-lille.fr/sections/site-en/Menu_horizontal_haut/discovering-lille/lille-facts-figures/lille-facts-figures|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Turin]], [[Italy]] 1958 <ref name="ct-tc">[http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/index.shtml Turin City Hall – International Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226083647/http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/index.shtml |date=2009-02-26 }} {{en icon}} Retrieved on 2008-01-26.</ref> || * {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Liège]], [[Belgium]] 1958 * {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Burgas]], [[Bulgarie]] 1976 * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Constanţa|Constanta]], [[Romanie]] 1976 * {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], [[Poland]] 1977<ref name="Gdańsk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad,62,733.html|title=Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie'|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2009 [http://www.gdansk.pl/ Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku]|language=Polish & English|accessdate=2009-07-11|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723091807/http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad%2C62%2C733.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> || * {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] 1979 * {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] 1983<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090115072746/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2008/marzo/mar11/rotterdam.html Granma – En La Habana vicealcalde de la ciudad de Rotterdam] -La delegación visitante hará la entrega oficial de una donación de implementos deportivos, en momentos en que se celebra el aniversario 25 de las relaciones entre ambas urbes</ref> * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Roushie]] 1966<ref name="saint_petersburg">{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |accessdate=2008-03-23 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] [[Unitit States|USA]] 1985<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimorecity.gov/government/intl/sistercities.php|title=Baltimore City Mayor's Office of International and Immigrant Affairs – Sister Cities Program|accessdate=2008-10-16|archive-date=2008-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807173931/http://www.baltimorecity.gov/government/intl/sistercities.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> || * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Dresden]], [[Germany]] 1988 <ref name="Dresden">{{cite web|url=http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php|title=''Dresden – Partner Cities''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Landeshauptstadt Dresden|accessdate=2008-12-29|archive-date=2008-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016001550/http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2007-09-08|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=2003-11-03|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya]], [[Indonesie]] * {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Szeged]], [[Hungary]] * {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuching]], [[Malaysie]] |} === Pairtner ceeties === {| cellpadding="10" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] 1936<ref name="Hull">{{cite web|url = http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/hullinprint/archive/dec2006/christmas_around_the_world.php|title = Christmas around the world|work = Hull in print|accessdate = 2007-09-30|year = 2003|publisher = Kingston upon Hull City Council|archive-date = 2008-05-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516112628/http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/hullinprint/archive/dec2006/christmas_around_the_world.php|url-status = dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]] 1940 * {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Basel]], [[Swisserland]] 1945 * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]], [[Norawa]] 1945<ref name="int_coop">[http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/ Partners – Oslo kommune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102135652/http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/ |date=2009-01-02 }}</ref> || * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Duisburg]], [[Germany]] 1950 * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Nuremberg]], [[Germany]] 1961 * {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesie]] 1983 * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Osaka]], [[Japan]] 1984 || * {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] 1991 * {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakie]] 1991 <ref name="Bratislava">{{cite web|url=http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns|title=''Bratislava City – Twin Towns''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2003–2008 Bratislava-City.sk|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> * {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Durban]], [[Sooth Africae]] 1991 * {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]] 1991<ref name="Prague">{{cite web| author =www.praha-mesto.cz| title =Partner cities| url =http://magistrat.praha-mesto.cz/72647_Partnerska-mesta| accessdate = 2008-10-09}}</ref> || * {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]] 1990 |} === Sister ports === {| cellpadding="10" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe]], [[Japan]] 1967<ref>[http://www.city.kobe.jp/cityoffice/17/020/en/international/worldmap.htm City of Kobe] – "Sister City, Friendly City, Friendship & Cooperation City". Retrieved February 15, 2007.</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] [[Unitit States|USA]] 1969 ^{[[Leet o Seattle sister ceeties#Sister Ports|Seattle Leet]]} * {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Busan]], [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] 1987<ref>[http://www.busanport.com/service?id=en_sister_01 Port of Busan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203230001/http://www.busanport.com/service?id=en_sister_01 |date=2010-12-03 }}, Sister Ports, Busan</ref> * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] 1989 |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Rotterdam| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Municipalities o Sooth Holland]] [[Category:Populatit places in Sooth Holland]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the North Sea]] {{Stub/LawK}} {{Stub/Ceety}} 75ph3zhvop8xdxw5d4dkw3j7nipy4d6 10 20757 918624 839499 2026-06-23T09:51:31Z CommonsDelinker 411 Replacin' Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg wi' [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 918624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Peru | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825–1950).svg | flag alias-state = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Peruvian Army.svg | flag alias-naval = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Peruvian Air Force.svg | flag alias-marines = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | flag alias-navy = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-army = Peruvian Army | link alias-air force = Peruvian Air Force | link alias-naval = Peruvian Navy | link alias-marines = Peruvian Naval Infantry | link alias-navy = Peruvian Navy | flag alias-football = War flag of Peru.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1825 | var2 = state | redir1 = PER </noinclude> }} 23id91vt4foz0idxkcwiszxljr1y8l2 0 22128 918581 676751 2026-06-22T19:28:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918581 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="260" |+ <big>'''Pembrokeshire'''</big> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"|[[File:UnofficialFlagofPembrokeshire.svg|100px|Flag of Pembrokeshire]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"|[[File:Wales Pembrokeshire locator map.svg|250px]] |- | colspan="2" style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Geography |- ! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Surface area|Area]]'''<br />- Total<br>- % Water | [[List of Welsh principal areas by area|Ranked 5th]]<br />1,590&nbsp;km²<br />? % |- ! Admin HQ | [[Haverfordwest]] |- ! [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]] | GB-PEM |- ! [[ONS coding system|ONS code]] | 00NS |- | colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Demographics |- ! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''Population''':<br />- ({{Welsh council population|TXT=Year}})<br />- [[Population density|Density]]<br />&nbsp; |[[List of Welsh principal areas by population|Ranked {{Welsh council population|RNK=00NS}}]]<br />{{Welsh council population|POP=00NS}}<br />[[List of Welsh principal areas by population density|Ranked {{Welsh council population|DRK=00NS}}]]<br />{{Welsh council population|DEN=00NS}} / km² |- ! Ethnicity | 99.2% White |- ! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Welsh leid]]'''<br />- Any skills | [[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi percentage Welsh leid|Ranked 8t]]<br />29.4% |- | colspan="2" style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Politics |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Image:Pembrokeshire County Council Logo.svg|80px|Arms of Pembrokeshire]]<br>[[Pembrokeshire County Council|Pembrokeshire Council]]<br>http://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040607204636/http://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/ |date=2004-06-07 }} |- ! Control |{{Welsh council control|ONS=00NS}} |- ! [[MPs electit in the UK general election, 2010|MPs]] | *[[Simon Hart]] ([[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Con]]) *[[Stephen Crabb]] ([[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Con]]) |- ![[Members o the Naitional Assembly for Wales|AMs]] | *[[Angela Burns]] *[[Paul Davies (Welsh politeecian)|Paul Davies]]<br />(Constituency) *[[Mid and West Wales National Assembly for Wales Electoral Region|Mid and West Wales]]<br />(Regional) |- ! [[Member o the European Parliament|MEPs]] | [[European Pairlament Election, 2004 (UK)#Wales|Wales]] |} '''Pembrokeshire''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|p|ɛ|m|b|r|ʊ|k|ʃ|ɪər}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɛ|m|b|r|ʊ|k|ʃ|ər}}, or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɛ|m|b|r|oʊ|k|ʃ|ɪər}}; {{lang-cy|Sir Benfro}} {{IPA-cy|ˈsiːr ˈbɛnvrɔ|}}) is a coonty in the [[Sooth Wast Wales|sooth wast]] o [[Wales]]. It borders [[Carmarthenshire]] tae the east an [[Ceredigion]] tae the north east. The coonty toun is [[Haverfordwest]] where Pembrokeshire Coonty Cooncil is heidquartered. The coonty is hame tae [[Pembrokeshire Coast Naitional Pairk]], the anerlie coastal naitional pairk o its kynd in the Unitit Kinrick an ane o three naitional pairks in Wales, the ithers being [[Snowdonia Naitional Pairk|Snowdonia]] an [[Brecon Beacons Naitional Pairk|Brecon Beacons]] national pairks. Ower the years Pembrokeshire's beaches hae been awairdit 41 [[Blue Flag Award]]s (13 in 2011), 47 [[Green Coast Award]]s (15 in 2011) an 106 [[Seaside Award]]s (31 in 2011.<ref>[http://www.visitwales.co.uk/regions-of-wales/coast-wales-coastline-beaches-and-islands/ VisitWales.co.uk - Pembrokeshire beaches] Retrieved 19 December 2011</ref><ref>''Pembrokeshire (Annual Guide)'', Pembrokeshire Tourism, 2011</ref> In 2011 it haed 39 beaches recommendit bi the [[Marine Conservation Society]] an aw. Hintle o Pembrokeshire, especially the sooth, haes been Inglis in leid an cultur for mony centuries. The bundary atween the Inglis an Welsh speakers is kent as the ''[[Landsker Line]]''. Sooth Pembrokeshire is kent as [[Little Ingland Ayond Wales]]. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Wales/Pembrokeshire}} *[http://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/ Pembrokeshire coonty cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040607204636/http://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/ |date=2004-06-07 }} *[http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com Visit Pembrokeshire] (offeecial cooncil tourism wabsteid) *[http://www.pcnpa.org.uk Pembrokeshire Coast Naitional Pairk] {{Wales subdiveesions}} [[Category:1138 establishments]] [[Category:Coonties o Wales]] [[Category:Historic coonties o Wales]] [[Category:Principal auries o Wales]] [[Category:Pembrokeshire| ]] [[Category:Film shuitin locations]] tgsaef3gze579df7dbamd7zvqx7lll1 0 36266 918629 881033 2026-06-23T10:16:47Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Ingland coonty | name = Somerset | image = | motto = Sumorsǣte ealle <br />''(''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Aw The Fowk o Somerset<nowiki>'</nowiki>'') | map = [[File:Somerset UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Somerset within England]] | alt=Map of England and Wales showing the position of Somerset, shaded in red, in the northern area of the south west peninsula. | status = [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial]] an (smawer) [[Metropolitan an nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|nan-metropolitan]] coonty | origin = [[Historical coonties o Ingland|Historic]] | region = [[Sooth Wast Ingland]] | arearank = [[Leet o ceremonial coonties o Ingland bi aurie|Rankit 7t]] | area_km2 = 4171 | adminarearank = [[Leet o admeenistrative shire coonties o Ingland bi aurie|Rankit 12t]] | adminarea_km2 = 3451 | adminhq = [[Taunton]] | iso = GB-SOM | ons = 40 | nuts3 = UKK23 | poprank = [[Leet o ceremonial coonties o Ingland bi population|Rankit {{English cerem counties|RNK=Somerset}}]] | popestdate = {{English statistics year}} | pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Somerset}} | density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Somerset}} | adminpoprank = [[Leet o nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland bi population|Rankit {{English admin counties|RNK=Somerset}}]] | adminpop = {{English admin counties|POP=Somerset}} | ethnicity = 98.5% White | council = Somerset County Council<br />http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/public | exec = {{English county control|CTY=Somerset}} | mps = *[[Jeremy Browne]] [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|(LD)]] * [[Donald Foster (politeecian)|Don Foster]] (LD) * [[Liam Fox]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]] * [[David Heath (politeecian)|David Heath]] (LD) * [[David Laws]] (LD) * [[Ian Liddell-Grainger]] (C) * [[Tessa Munt]] (LD) * [[Jacob Rees-Mogg]] (C) * [[John Penrose (politeecian)|John Penrose]] (C) | subdivmap = [[File:Somerset Ceremonial Numbered2.gif]] |alt=map o the five nan metropolitan destricts an twa unitary authorities in the ceremonial coonty | subdivs = #[[South Somerset]] # [[Taunton Deane]] (Burgh) # [[West Somerset]] # [[Sedgemoor]] # [[Mendip]] # [[Bath an North East Somerset]] (Unitary) # [[North Somerset]] (Unitary) }} The [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|ceremonial]] an [[Metropolitan an nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|nan-metropolitan]] coonty o '''Somerset''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Somerset.ogg|ˈ|s|ʌ|m|ɚ|s|ɛ|t}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ʌ|m|ɚ|s|ɨ|t}}) in [[Sooth Wast Ingland]] borders [[Bristol]] an [[Gloucestershire]] tae the north, [[Wiltshire]] tae the east, [[Dorset]] tae the sooth-east, an [[Devon]] tae the sooth-wast. It is partly boondit tae the north an wast bi the [[Bristol Channel]] an the [[estuary]] o the [[River Severn]]. Its traditional northren border is the [[River Avon (Bristol)|River Avon]], but the admeenistrative boondary haes crept soothwairds wi the creation an expansion o the [[Bristol|Ceety o Bristol]], an latterly the coonty o [[Avon (coonty)|Avon]] an its successor [[Unitary authority|unitary authorities]] tae the north.<ref name="rajan">{{cite news |first=Amal |last=Rajan |title=Around a county in 40 facts: A (very) brief history of Somerset |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/around-a-county-in-40-facts-a-very-brief-history-of-somerset-462828.html |work=Independent on Sunday |date=24 August 2007 |accessdate=21 October 2007 |location=London |archive-date=2009-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214141911/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/around-a-county-in-40-facts-a-very-brief-history-of-somerset-462828.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Somerset's [[coonty toun]], [[Taunton]], is in the sooth. == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.visitsomerset.co.uk Offeecial Somerset Tourism wabsteid] * [http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/public Somerset Coonty Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005223238/http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/public |date=2011-10-05 }} * {{dmoz|/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Somerset/|Somerset}} * {{Gutenberg|no=12287|name=Somerset}} * [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/ Somerset] at [[GENUKI]] {{Commons category|Somerset}} {{Geographic location |title = '''Neebourin coonties''' |Centre = Somerset |North = [[Bristol]], Gloucestershire |Northeast = [[Wiltshire]] |East = [[Wiltshire]] |Southeast = [[Dorset]] |South = [[Devon]], Dorset |Southwest = [[Devon]] |West = ''[[Bristol Channel]]''<br />[[Devon]] |Northwest = ''[[Severn Estuary]]''<br />''[[Bristol Channel]]'' }} {{Somerset}} {{Ingland coonties}} {{Coord|51.18|-3.00|region:GB-SOM_type:adm2nd|display=title}} [[Category:Somerset| ]] [[Category:Nan-metropolitan coonties]] {{Stub/Ingland}} 48rgqdv761z8x48k4pliizfrvx59w6n 10 36904 918625 347991 2026-06-23T09:54:43Z CommonsDelinker 411 Replacin' Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg wi' [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 918625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{navbox | name = Regions o Peru | title = * [[File:War flag of Peru.svg|25px|border|State flag of Peru]] * [[Regions o Peru|Regions o]] [[Peru]] | bodyclass = hlist | list1 = * [[Amazonas Region|Amazonas]] * [[Ancash Region|Ancash]] * [[Apurímac Region|Apurímac]] * [[Arequipa Region|Arequipa]] * [[Ayacucho Region|Ayacucho]] * [[Cajamarca Region|Cajamarca]] * [[Callao]] * [[Cuzco Region|Cusco]] * [[Huancavelica Region|Huancavelica]] * [[Huánuco Region|Huánuco]] * [[Ica Region|Ica]] * [[Junín Region|Junín]] * [[La Libertad Region|La Libertad]] * [[Lambayeque Region|Lambayeque]] * [[Lima Region|Lima]] * [[Loreto Region|Loreto]] * [[Madre de Dios Region|Madre de Dios]] * [[Moquegua Region|Moquegua]] * [[Pasco Region|Pasco]] * [[Piura Region|Piura]] * [[Puno Region|Puno]] * [[San Martín Region|San Martín]] * [[Tacna Region|Tacna]] * [[Tumbes Region|Tumbes]] * [[Ucayali Region|Ucayali]] | below = Peru's [[Lima Province]] is no pairt o ony region. }}<noinclude> [[Category:Peru subdiveesion templates|Regions]] </noinclude> m2giyi41u409lgaoplmciwesqtlnvgy 10 38905 918626 367160 2026-06-23T09:55:28Z CommonsDelinker 411 Replacin' Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg wi' [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 918626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{navbox | name = Lairge ceeties o Peru | title = [[File:War flag of Peru.svg|25px|border|State flag o Peru]] [[Peru]]vian ceeties wi a population o ower 100,000 | bodyclass = hlist | list1 = * [[Arequipa]] * [[Ayacucho]] * [[Cajamarca]] * [[Callao]] * [[Chiclayo]] * [[Chimbote]] * [[Chincha Alta]] * [[Cusco]] * [[Huancayo]] * [[Huánuco]] * [[Huaraz]] * [[Ica (city)|Ica]] * [[Iquitos]] * [[Juliaca]] * [[Lima]] * [[Piura]] * [[Pucallpa]] * [[Puno]] * [[Sullana]] * [[Tacna]] * [[Talara]] * [[Tarapoto]] * [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]] }}[[Category:Ceeties in Peru<noinclude> |τ </noinclude>]] <noinclude> [[Category:Peru templates|Cities]] [[Category:Peru subdivision templates|Cities]] </noinclude> 511fkp1ksn0fkakknmbjftqy0etrumo 10 43673 918594 724359 2026-06-22T21:22:59Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918594 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox | italic title = {{{italic title|<noinclude>no</noinclude>}}} | bodyclass = vevent | bodystyle = font-size:90%; | aboveclass = summary | abovestyle = font-size:110%;font-style:italic; | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |image={{{image|}}} |size={{{image_size|{{{image size|}}}}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright=1 |alt={{{alt|}}} |border={{{border|yes}}} }} | captionstyle = font-size:95%;padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em; | caption = {{{caption|}}} | labelstyle = white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em<!--(to ensure gap between any long/nonwrapped label and subsequent data on same line-->; | class1 = description | data1 = {{{film_name|{{{film name|}}}}}} | label2 = Directit bi | data2 = {{{director|{{{directors|}}}}}} | label3 = Produced bi | data3 = {{{producer|{{{producers|}}}}}} | label4 = Written bi | data4 = {{{writer|{{{writers|}}}}}} | label5 = Screenplay bi | data5 = {{{screenplay|}}} | label6 = Story bi | data6 = {{{story|}}} | label7 = Based on | data7 = {{{based_on|{{{based on|}}}}}} | label8 = Starnin | data8 = {{{starring|}}} | label9 = Narratit bi | data9 = {{{narrator|{{{narrators|}}}}}} | label10 = Muisic bi | data10 = {{{music|}}} | label11 = Cinematography | data11 = {{{cinematography|}}} | label12 = Editit bi | data12 = {{{editing|}}} | label13 = Ainimation bi | data13 = {{{animator|}}} | label14 = Layoots bi | data14 = {{{layout_artist|}}} | label15 = Backgrunds bi | data15 = {{{background_artist|}}} | label16 = Colour process | data16 = {{{color_process|}}} | label17 = {{longitem |Production<br/>compan{{#if: {{{production companies|{{{production_companies|}}} }}} |ies |y}} }} | data17 = {{#if:{{{production companies|{{{production_companies|{{{studio|}}} }}} }}} |<div style="vertical-align:middle;">{{{production companies|{{{production_companies|{{{studio|}}} }}} }}}</div>}} | label18 = Distributit bi | data18 = {{{distributor|{{{distributors|}}}}}} | label19 = {{longitem|style=white-space:normal; |Release date}} | data19 = {{{released|}}} | label20 = {{longitem|style=white-space:normal; |Rinnin time}} | data20 = {{{runtime|}}} | label21 = Kintra | data21 = {{{country|}}} | label22 = Leid | data22 = {{#if:{{{language|}}} | {{#switch:{{lc:{{{language|}}}}} | english = Inglis {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}} | |[[Category:Inglis-leid films]]}} | silent (english intertitles) |silent(english intertitles) |silent film (english intertitles) |silent film(english intertitles) |silent with english intertitles |silent |silent film = Silent {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}} | |[[Category:Seelent films]]}} | #default = {{{language|}}} {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}} | |{{#ifexist:Category:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{language}}}|%[%[([^%[%]]*) [%(]?language[%)]?{{!}}[^%[%]]*%]%]|%1|plain=false}}-leid films |[[Category:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{language}}}|%[%[([^%[%]]*) [%(]?language[%)]?{{!}}[^%[%]]*%]%]|%1|plain=false}}-leid films]]}} }} }} }} | label23 = Budget | data23 = {{{budget|}}} | label24 = Box office | data24 = {{{gross|}}} }}<!-- Tracking categories: -->{{#if:{{{image_size|}}}{{{image size|}}} |[[Category:Film airticles uisin image size parameter]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{preceded by|}}}{{{preceded_by|}}}{{{followed by|}}}{{{followed_by|}}}|[[Category:Film airticles uisin infobox succession]]}}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages uisin infobox film wi unkent parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page uisin [[:Template:Infobox film]] wi unkent parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | animator | background_artist | based on | based_on | border | budget | caption | cinematography | color_process | country | director | directors | distributor | distributors | editing | film name | film_name | gross | italic title | image | image size | image_size | language | layout_artist | music | name | narrator | narrators | producer | producers | production companies | production_companies | released | runtime | screenplay | starring | story | studio | writer | writers }}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1qb9kpa42t3es9rfts5frrhe3sfjj2u 0 48449 918573 826930 2026-06-22T13:35:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Istmo de Tehuantepec | settlement_type = Region | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = Oaxaca regions and districts.svg | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Oaxaca regions - Istmo de Tehuantepec tae the east | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|16|10|57|N|95|11|45|W|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Mexico}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Oaxaca]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 19977 | area_total_sq_mi = | population_total = | population_as_of = }} '''Istmo de Tehuantepec''' is the lairgest region in the state o [[Oaxaca]], [[Mexico]]. It covers the soothren pairt o the [[Isthmus o Tehuantepec]], the shortest route atween the Guwf o Mexico an the Paceefic Ocean afore the [[Panama Canal]] wis opened. The region haes twa destricts, [[Juchitán Destrict, Oaxaca|Juchitán]] an [[Tehuantepec Destrict, Oaxaca|Tehuantepec]], wi a tot o 41 municipalities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/oaxaca/20reg05.html |title=Región Papaloapam |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |accessdate=2010-07-06 |archive-date=2011-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616190754/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/oaxaca/20reg05.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Salinacruz centro.jpg|thumb|left|Salina Cruz is the lairgest ceety in the Istmo region]] The region haes cement an lime plants, but the main industrie is the [[Pemex]] refinery in the port o [[Salina Cruz]] on the Paceefic coast. The isthmus haes extensive livestock production. Crops include sesame, coffee, rice, sorghum, pineapple, bananae, coconut, melon an sugarcane. Fishin cooperatives hairst shrimp an ither seafuid frae the Paceefic. The govrenment haes plans tae develop the trans-isthmus corridor, includin impruivin transportation routes, developin an industrial zone alang the heich-gate an expandin the petroleum an petrochemical industries in [[Salina Cruz]]. Ither plans include creatin coffee plantations an cattle corridors, expandin production o beans, maize an chili an exploitin the bio-genetic resoorces o native medicinal plants.<ref name=gomez>{{cite journal |url=http://www.biodiversidadla.org/content/view/full/5520 |title=El futuro de la Selva Zoque |author=Emanuel Gómez |language=Spanish |journal=La Jornada, Suplemento Ojarasca N&ordm; 59, |date=marzo 2002 |accessdate=2010-06-27 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135339/http://www.biodiversidadla.org/content/view/full/5520 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The region contains the lairgest pairt o the [[Selva Zoque]], or [[Zoque]] Forest, an aurie o great ecological importance includin the lairgest intact tropical rain forest in Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwf.org.mx/wwfmex/prog_bosques_fs_sz_en.php |title=Selva Zoque |publisher=WWF Mexico |accessdate=2010-06-28 |archive-date=2010-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117110704/http://www.wwf.org.mx/wwfmex/prog_bosques_fs_sz_en.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Oaxaca}} {{Regions an destricts o Oaxaca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Istmo de Tehuantepec}} [[Category:Regions o Oaxaca]] f7p2f1871fdv6gpye2hvivd6l1n3z9i 0 61944 918575 858023 2026-06-22T14:38:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Juchitán Destrict |settlement_type = Destrict |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Oaxaca regions and districts.svg |mapsize = 300px |map_caption = Oaxaca regions an destricts: Istmo tae the east |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position =above |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Mexico}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Mexico|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Oaxaca]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2005 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |coordinates = {{coord|16|26|N|95|01|W|region:MX|display=inline}} }} '''Juchitán Destrict''' is locatit in the east o the [[Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca|Istmo de Tehuantepec region]] o the State o [[Oaxaca]], [[Mexico]], coverin the soohren pairt o a law lyin corridor throu the muntains that separates the [[Guwf o Mexico]] frae the [[Paceefic Ocean]]. The destrict haes a aurie o 13,300&nbsp;km² an a population as o 2005 o 339,445. [[File:Istmo de Tehuantepec transportes.png|200px|thumb|left|Isthmus o Tehuantepec road an railweys. Juchitán in the sooth]] ==Environs== The climate is wairm. The destrict is relatively flat in the soothren coastal plain, boondit bi lagoons an then the ocean. Inland tae the north it is hillier, risin tae the crest o the isthmus an then descendin towards the [[Veracruz]] coastal plain o the Guwf o Mexico. The laund rises tae muntains tae the Wast ([[Sierra Madre de Oaxaca]]) an the East ([[Sierra Madre de Chiapas]]).<ref name=localgob>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/oaxaca/ |title=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México: Estado de Oaxaca |accessdate=2010-07-08 |archive-date=2013-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110091824/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/oaxaca/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The municipalities o [[Santa María Chimalapa]] an [[San Miguel Chimalapa]] contain a lairge pairt o the [[Selva Zoque]], the lairgest tract o [[tropical rainforest]] in Mexico, which contains the majority o terrestrial biodiversity in the kintra.<ref name=gulfbird>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcbo.org/html/selva.pdf |title=Selva Zoque |publisher=Gulf Coast Bird Observatory |accessdate=2010-06-28 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Economy== Ither than in the touns o the trans-isthmus corridor in the wast o the destrict, maist fowk are engagit in agricultur. Near the coast, there is fishin activity, an in some inland auries fine lumber is extractit for uise in furnitur makkin.<ref name=localgob/> The govrenment haes plans tae develop the trans-isthmus corridor. This includes impruivin transportation routes athort the isthmus atween the Caribbean an the Paceefic, an developin a industrial zone alang the heich-gate. Ither plans include creatin coffee plantations an cattle corridors, expandin production o beans, maize an chili an exploitin the bio-genetic resources o native medicinal plants.<ref name=gomez>{{cite journal |url=http://www.biodiversidadla.org/content/view/full/5520 |title=El futuro de la Selva Zoque |author=Emanuel Gómez |language=Spanish |journal=La Jornada, Suplemento Ojarasca N&ordm; 59, |date=marzo 2002 |accessdate=2010-06-27 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135339/http://www.biodiversidadla.org/content/view/full/5520 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:La venta - Mexico.jpg|thumb|400px|La Venta wind ferm]] The isthmus haes reliable, dominant north-sooth winds. Some pilot wind ferms hae been built, notably at La Venta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conae.gob.mx/work/sites/CONAE/resources/LocalContent/2181/1/images/cferct.pdf |title=3er. Cologuio Internacional Sobre Oportunidades para el Desarrollo de la Ventosa, Oaxaca, Mexico |publisher=Comisión Nacional para el Uso Eficiente de la Energía |accessdate=2010-07-16 |archive-date=2010-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821150355/http://www.conae.gob.mx/work/sites/CONAE/resources/LocalContent/2181/1/images/cferct.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thare are plans tae build mair, awtho thare haes been local resistance due tae the communal awnership o laund and concerns that the annual rental prices affered are too law<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lapress.org/articles.asp?art=5683 |title=Wind parks take over indigenous lands |author=Karen Trejo |date=2008-08-14 |work=Latinamerica Press |accessdate=2010-07-15 |archive-date=2011-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107104145/http://lapress.org/articles.asp?art=5683 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/6331/wind-farms-in-mexico-to-generate-green-power-for-cemex-cement-company-and-the-walmart-retail-chain/ |title=Wind farms in Mexico to generate green power for Cemex cement company and the Wal-Mart retail chain |date=11 January 2010 |accessdate=2010-07-15 |publisher=Elsevier Ltd}}</ref> A plan first proponit in 1977 for a dam in the Chimalapas haes been stawed due tae environmental concerns.<ref name=gomez/> In Juin 2008 the State o Oaxaca wis again proponin construction o a storage dam in the Rio El Corte Basin in the Chimalapa sub-region, wi the potential tae irrigate 100,000 hectares o the Isthmus o Tehuantepec an tae supplee watter tae the Salina Cruz Refinery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://transparencia.senado.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_respuestas&date=20080625 |title=Respuestas de las solicitudes de información recibidas el día 25 de de 2008: Folio: UE/LX/0670/2008 |publisher=SENADO DE LA REPÚBLICA DE MEXICO |accessdate=2010-06-26 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225432/http://transparencia.senado.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_respuestas&date=20080625 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Municipalities== [[File:Juchitán District, Oaxaca.svg|400px|thumb|Municipalities in Juchitán Diestrict]] The destrict includes the follaein municipalities:<ref name=localgob/> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |- !Municipality !Aurie km² !2005<br>Population !Indigenous<br>Population |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Asunción Ixtaltepec]] || 547|| 14,438 || 6,583 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Chahuites]] ||161 || 9,929 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Ciudad Ixtepec]] || 230 || 24,181 || 4,667 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[El Barrio de La Soledad]] || 233 || 13,439 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[El Espinal]] || 83 || 8,219 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Juchitán de Zaragoza]] || 415 || 85,869 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Matías Romero, Oaxaca|Matías Romero]] || 1,460 ||38,421 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Reforma de Pineda]] || 194 || 2,691 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[San Dionisio del Mar]] || 237 || 5,165 || 2,639 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[San Francisco del Mar]] || 401 || 6,874 || 926 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[San Francisco Ixhuatán]] || 407 || 9,050 || |- |style="text-align:left"|[[San Juan Guichicovi]] || 564 || 27,646 || 19,367 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[San Miguel Chimalapa]] || 1,593 || 6,541 || 1,988 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[San Pedro Tapanatepec]] || 545 || 13,647 || 609 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santa María Chimalapa]] || 3,572 || 8,643 || 3,381 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santa María Petapa]] || 145 || 13,867 || 3,294 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santa María Xadani]] || 89 || 7,283 || 6,114 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santiago Niltepec]] || 680 || 4,961 || 56 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santo Domingo Ingenio]] || 355 || 7,299 || 465 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santo Domingo Petapa]] || 232 || 7,583 || 2,696 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Santo Domingo Zanatepec]] || 1,024 || 10,716 || 211 |- |style="text-align:left"|[[Unión Hidalgo]] || 133 || 12,983 || 7,230 |} ==Gallery== <gallery widths=180px> File:Ixtaltepec Iglesia.jpg|Kirk o the Virgin o Asunción File:Ixtaltepec el palacio.jpg|Municipal Palace o Asunción File:Ixtaltepec parque jesus rasgado.jpg|Kiosk in the Jesus Rasgado pairk, o Asunción File:Elespinalsan.JPG|Kirk in Espinal File:Palacio ixtepec.jpg|Palacio Municipal in [[Ciudad Ixtepec]] File:Juchitán.jpg|[[Juchitán de Zaragoza|Juchitán]] Municipal Palace File:Carretoneros en Juchitan.jpg| Graffiti in Juchitán File:Estacion de Matias Romero.jpg|Railwey Station, the landmark o Matias Romero File:Zanatepec.jpg|Street in Santo Domingo Zanatepec |Kiosk in Unión Hidalgo |Kirk o Saunt Peter the Apostle in Unión Hidalgo |Bus terminal in Unión Hidalgo </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Regions an destricts o Oaxaca}} {{Juchitán Destrict, Oaxaca}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juchitan District, Oaxaca}} [[Category:Destricts o Oaxaca]] leb9md211u0yx04fc7lojmxq993m9cx 0 62629 918617 726667 2026-06-23T04:59:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other uses}} {{wiktionarypar|pinto}} '''Pinto''' is a common Portuguese surname, sometimes occurrin in Spaingie an Italian leids. Some Indies, specially fowk whose faimily oreeginatit frae [[Goa]], bear this name an aw. It can be foond amang the [[Sephardi]] Jews stryndants o the Jews expelled frae Portugal that settled in [[Arab]] kintras an the [[Netherlands]] an aw. In [[Ingland]], the spellin wis sometimes chyngit tae Pinter. "Pinto" is a [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] wird leeterally meanin 'pentit' an 'dappled' or 'spottit' an aw.<ref>{{cite web|title=pinto|url=http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=pinto|work=WordReference.com Spanish-English Dictionary|accessdate=2012-10-27|archive-date=2023-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906153730/https://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=pinto|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==See an aw== *[[Pinter (surname)]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Surname|Pinto}} [[Category:Portuguese-leid surnames]] [[Category:Spaingie-leid surnames]] [[Category:Italian-leid surnames]] [[Category:Sephardic surnames]] jz6edn3glkz97vo3jiu92gnmyttsglh 0 65422 918619 832065 2026-06-23T05:51:28Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Partido Argentina |name= Punta Indio |official name= Partido de Punta Indio |coat of arms= Sin escudo.svg |map= Argentina - Buenos Aires - Punta Indio.svg |location= location o Punta Indio Partido in Buenos Aires Province |capital= [[Verónica, Buenos Aires|Verónica]] |foundation= 6 Dizember 1994 |founder= provincial law |pop= 9,362 |density= 5.75 Inhabitants/km² |pop change= +8.97% (1991-2001) |resident= puntaindiense |tel= 02221 |post= B1917 |coor= {{coord|35|16|S|57|13|W}} |area= 1,610 km² |dist1= 140km |dist2= 100km |patron= |mayor= Héctor Equiza, [[Radical Ceevic Union|UCR]]| web= http://www.puntaindio.gov.ar |ifam= BUE100 }} '''Punta Indio Partido''' is a ''[[Depairtments o Argentinae|partido]]'' locatit on the Atlantic coast o [[Buenos Aires Province]] in [[Argentinae]]. It wis creatit in 1994, as a excision frae the auld [[Magdalena Partido]]. The provincial subdiveesion haes a population o aboot 9,000 inhabitants in a aurie o {{convert|1,610|km²}}, an its caipital ceety is [[Verónica, Buenos Aires|Verónica]], which is locatit aroond {{convert|140|km|abbr=on}} frae [[Buenos Aires]]. ==Dounsets== *[[Alvarez Jonte]] *[[Pipinas]] *'''[[Verónica, Buenos Aires|Verónica]]''' *[[Punta Indio]] ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Punta Indio (partido)}} *[http://www.puntaindio.gov.ar Municipal Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803175319/http://puntaindio.gov.ar/ |date=2021-08-03 }} *[http://www.p-indio.com.ar Ither] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128031836/http://www.p-indio.com.ar/ |date=2007-01-28 }} *{{es}} [http://www.puntaindioweb.com/ puntaindioweb.com]. {{Partidos o Buenos Aires Province}} [[Category:1994 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Partidos o Buenos Aires Province]] rpde04f17rbxdt3yvg1xo92017kd9jl 0 66167 918620 829433 2026-06-23T06:23:37Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}} {{Infobox pharaoh |Name=Ramesses II |Image=RamsesIIEgypt.jpg |Caption=Ramesses II: ane o fower freemit seatit statues at [[Abu Simbel]] |Reign=1279&ndash;1213 BC |Predecessor=[[Seti I]] |Successor=[[Merneptah]] |Spouse=[[Nefertari]], [[Isetnofret]], [[Maathorneferure]], [[Meritamen]], [[Bintanath]], [[Nebettawy]], [[Henutmire]] |Children=[[Amun-her-khepeshef|Amun-her-khepsef]]<br/>[[Ramesses (prince)|Prince Ramesses]]<br>[[Pareherwenemef]]<br>[[Khaemweset]]<br/> [[Merneptah]]<br/> [[Meryatum]]<br> [[Bintanath]]<br>[[Meritamen]]<br> [[Nebettawy]]<br/> See [[Leet o childer o Ramesses II]] an aw |Dynasty=[[Nineteent Dynasty o Egypt|19t&nbsp;Dynasty]] |Father=[[Seti I]] |Mother=[[Queen Tuya]] |Born=c. 1300s BC |Died=1213 BC |Burial=[[KV7]] |Monuments=[[Abu Simbel]], [[Abydos, Egyp|Abydos]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philae.nu/akhet/ARamsTempl.html|title=Mortuary temple of Ramesses II at Abydos|accessdate=2008-10-28|archive-date=2008-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222024716/http://www.philae.nu/akhet/ARamsTempl.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ramesseum]], [[Luxor]] an [[Karnak]] temples<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euler.slu.edu/Dept/Faculty/bart/egyptianhtml/kings%20and%20Queens/Temples_of_Ramesses_II.html|title=Temples of Ramesses II|author=Anneke Bart|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2008-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428001908/http://euler.slu.edu/Dept/Faculty/bart/egyptianhtml/kings%20and%20Queens/Temples_of_Ramesses_II.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Alt='''Ramesses the Great''' |HorusHiero= <hiero>E1:D44-C10-mr</hiero> |Horus= ''Kanakht Merymaat'' <br /> The strang bull, beloved o richt, truth.<ref name="Tyldeslyxxiv">Tyldesly (2001) p. xxiv</ref> |NebtyHiero= <hiero>G20-V31-I6-t:O49-G45-f:Z7</hiero><br><hiero>D44-N25-t:Z2</hiero> |Nebty= ''Mekkemetwafkhasut ''<br /> Pertector o Egyp who curbs foreign lands.<ref name="Tyldeslyxxiv"/> |GoldenHiero=<hiero>wsr-s-M4-M4-M4-O29:D44:Z2</hiero> |Golden=''Userrenput-aanehktu''<br /> Rich in years, great in victories.<ref name="Tyldeslyxxiv"/> |PrenomenHiero=<hiero>ra-wsr-mAat-ra*stp:n-</hiero> |Prenomen= ''Usermaatre-setepenre'' <br /> The justice o [[Rê]] is powerful, chosen o Rê.<ref name="Clayton146">Clayton (1994) p. 146</ref> |NomenHiero=<hiero>i-mn:n:N36-ra:Z1-ms-s-sw</hiero> |Nomen=''Ramesses meryamun'' <br /> Ramesses (Rê haes fashioned him), beloved o [[Amun]].<ref name="Clayton146"/> }} '''Ramesses II''' (variously [[Transleeteration o Auncient Egyptian|spelt]] '''Rameses'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Rameses |encyclopedia=Webster's New World College Dictionary |publisher=Wiley Publishing |location= |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/Rameses}}</ref> or '''Ramses''' an aw;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Ramses |encyclopedia=Webster's New World College Dictionary |publisher=Wiley Publishing |location= |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/Ramses}}</ref> born {{nowrap|{{circa}} 1303 BCE}}; dee'd Julie or August 1213&nbsp;BCE; ringed 1279–1213<ref>Or 1276–1210, accordin tae http://www.9news.com.au/world/2017/10/31/12/35/bible-eclipse-egypt-study-cambridge {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031050340/http://www.9news.com.au/world/2017/10/31/12/35/bible-eclipse-egypt-study-cambridge |date=2017-10-31 }}</ref> BCE), kent as '''Ramesses the Great''' an aw, wis the third [[pharaoh]] o the [[Nineteent Dynasty o Egyp]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramesses 02}} [[Category:1300s BC births]] [[Category:1213 BC daiths]] [[Category:Pharaohs o the Nineteent Dynasty o Egyp]] [[Category:Auncient Egyptian mummies]] [[Category:Ramesses II| ]] {{stub/Egyp}} k0oom8lnj22mmfuhvkjjwb0n766lp2i 0 74949 918608 903459 2026-06-23T01:13:20Z ~2026-36305-74 133284 fg 918608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}{{Infobox person|name=Bryan Cranston|image=BryanCranston2022.jpg|caption=Cranston in 2022|birth_name=Bryan Lee Cranston|birth_date={{birth date and age|1956|3|7}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.|alma_mater=Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science)|occupation={{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}}|years_active=1980–present|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}}|children=Taylor Dearden|father=Joseph Cranston|works=|awards=|known for=Breaking Bad, Malcom in the Middle}}[[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born [[7 Mairch]], [[1956]]) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an [[Unitit States|American]] actor, producer, writer, writer, writer, writer, writer, writer, writer, writer, writer, writer, and writer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent for his roles as Hallejuah in ''Malcolm on the left'' an as Walter green in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes won baith Emmy an Saturn Awards for his role in Break Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] rvg1km6vgej2auf474tn394tbsyl8hs 918618 918608 2026-06-23T05:14:10Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-36305-74, chynged back tae last version bi Lirazelf 903459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}{{Infobox person|name=Bryan Cranston|image=BryanCranston2022.jpg|caption=Cranston in 2022|birth_name=Bryan Lee Cranston|birth_date={{birth date and age|1956|3|7}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.|alma_mater=Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science)|occupation={{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}}|years_active=1980–present|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}}|children=Taylor Dearden|father=Joseph Cranston|works=|awards=|known for=Breaking Bad, Malcom in the Middle}}[[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born [[7 Mairch]], [[1956]]) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an [[Unitit States|American]] actor, producer, writer, an movie director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent for his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes won baith Emmy an Saturn Awards for his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] hkm4z2boz0288xvqflnpr4lce6c9bdl 918630 918618 2026-06-23T10:28:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}{{Infobox person|name=Bryan Cranston|image=BryanCranston2022.jpg|caption=Cranston in 2022|birth_name=Bryan Lee Cranston|birth_date={{birth date and age|1956|3|7}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.|alma_mater=Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science)|occupation={{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}}|years_active=1980–present|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}}|children=Taylor Dearden|father=Joseph Cranston|works=|awards=|known for=Breaking Bad, Malcom in the Middle}}[[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born 7 Mairch, 1956) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an American actor, producer, writer, an movie director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent for his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes won baith Emmy an Saturn Awards for his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] dpx014lq1c6a40bytzukfc56tgkeq3i 918631 918630 2026-06-23T10:28:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}{{Infobox person|name=Bryan Cranston|image=BryanCranston2022.jpg|caption=Cranston in 2022|birth_name=Bryan Lee Cranston|birth_date={{birth date and age|1956|3|7}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.|alma_mater=Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science)|occupation={{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}}|years_active=1980–present|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}}|children=Taylor Dearden|father=Joseph Cranston|works=|awards=|known for=Breaking Bad, Malcom in the Middle}}[[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born 7 Mairch 1956) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an American actor, producer, writer, an movie director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent for his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes won baith Emmy an Saturn Awards for his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] hos731p54d9suxpou6f7yckyn13tjvm 918632 918631 2026-06-23T10:29:12Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}{{Infobox person|name=Bryan Cranston|image=BryanCranston2022.jpg|caption=Cranston in 2022|birth_name=Bryan Lee Cranston|birth_date={{birth date and age|1956|3|7}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.|alma_mater=Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science)|occupation={{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}}|years_active=1980–present|spouse={{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}}|children=Taylor Dearden|father=Joseph Cranston|works=|awards=|known for=Breaking Bad, Malcom in the Middle}}[[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born 7 Mairch 1956) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an American actor, producer, writer, an film director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent fur his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes wan baith Emmy an Saturn Awairds fur his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] 2yqmzqdceenomeai51k595yz57ii98g 918633 918632 2026-06-23T10:30:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox person |name= Bryan Cranston |image= BryanCranston2022.jpg |caption= Cranston in 2022 |birth_name= Bryan Lee Cranston |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1956|3|7}} |birth_place= [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. |alma_mater= Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science) |occupation= {{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}} |years_active= 1980–present |spouse= {{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}} |children= Taylor Dearden |father= Joseph Cranston |works= |awards= |known for= Breaking Bad, Malcom in the Middle}} [[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born 7 Mairch 1956) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an American actor, producer, writer, an film director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent fur his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes wan baith Emmy an Saturn Awairds fur his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] 0klqli5nmbifwh7gpy507kbtm7gzfmv 918634 918633 2026-06-23T10:32:16Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American actor (born 1956)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox bodie |name= Bryan Cranston |image= BryanCranston2022.jpg |caption= Cranston in 2022 |birth_name= Bryan Lee Cranston |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1956|3|7}} |birth_place= [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. |alma_mater= Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science) |occupation= {{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}} |years_active= 1980–present |spouse= {{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}} |children= Taylor Dearden |father= Joseph Cranston |known for= ''[[Breaking Bad]]''<br/>''Malcom in the Middle''}} [[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born 7 Mairch 1956) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an American actor, producer, writer, an film director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent fur his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes wan baith Emmy an Saturn Awairds fur his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] gmvnwmraq4j8c4riwvc9ctvfozug3pp 918635 918634 2026-06-23T10:32:42Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name= Bryan Cranston |image= BryanCranston2022.jpg |caption= Cranston in 2022 |birth_name= Bryan Lee Cranston |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1956|3|7}} |birth_place= [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. |alma_mater= Los Angeles Valley College (Associate o Science) |occupation= {{flatlist| * Actor * filmmaker}} |years_active= 1980–present |spouse= {{ubl|{{marriage|Mickey Middleton|1977|1982|end=divorced}} |{{marriage|Robin Dearden|1989|}}}} |children= Taylor Dearden |father= Joseph Cranston |known for= ''[[Breaking Bad]]''<br/>''Malcom in the Middle''}} [[File:Bryan Cranston by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cranston in Julie 2013]] '''Bryan Lee Cranston''' (born 7 Mairch 1956) or '''Lee Stone'''; is an American actor, producer, writer, an film director.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webmaster|date=2025-01-17|title=Actor Profile: Bryan Cranston|url=https://actingmagazine.com/2025/01/actor-profile-bryan-cranston/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Acting Magazine|language=en}}</ref> He is best kent fur his roles as Hal in ''Malcolm in the Middle'' an as Walter White in ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. He haes wan baith Emmy an Saturn Awairds fur his role in Breaking Bad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2014 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2014/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series 2010 - Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-drama-series|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2012)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2012/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA (2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000004/2013/1/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub/USActor}} == References == <references /> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cranston, Bryan}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American televeesion directors]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Drama Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Film directors frae Californie]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winners]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Los Angeles Valley College fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Canoga Park, Los Angeles]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] 8ysc6xeggyc1cgwckq2856uejbifxwx 0 76948 918646 829989 2026-06-23T11:17:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airline | airline = Swissair | logo = | logo_size = 175 | destinations = 157 | headquarters = [[Zurich Airport]]<br>[[Kloten]], [[Swisserland]] | IATA = SR | ICAO = SWR | callsign = SWISSAIR | founded = 26 Mairch 1931 | ceased = 31 Mairch 2002 (operation transferred tae [[Crossair]] which became [[Swiss International Air Lines]]) | key_people = [[Mario Corti (manager)|Mario Corti]], ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) | hubs = [[Zurich Airport]]<br>[[Geneva Cointrin Internaitional Airport|Geneva Cointrin]]<br>[[EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg]] | focus_cities = | frequent_flyer = [[Qualiflyer]] | lounge = Swissair Lounges, Qualiflyer Lounges | alliance = | parent = SAirGroup | fleet_size = 76 (2002) <ref>[http://www.sr692.com/fleet/allfleet/index.html Fleet - Overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829040321/http://www.sr692.com/fleet/allfleet/index.html |date=2016-08-29 }}. Sr692.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.</ref> | website = [http://www.swissair.com/ swissair.com] }} '''Swissair, S.A./AG''' wis the naitional [[airline]] o [[Swisserland]]. It wis formit frae a merger atween [[Balair]] an [[Ad Astra Aero]] (''To the Stars''), in 1931.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=About Swissair Facts and Figures: | url=http://www.swissair.com/aboutus/swissair/facts.htm | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990219220801/http://www.swissair.com/aboutus/swissair/facts.htm | publisher=Swissair | year=1999 | archivedate=1999-02-19 | accessdate=2008-08-30 | url-status=live }}</ref> For maist o its 71 years, Swissair wis ane o the major internaitional airlines an kent as the "Fleeing Bank" due tae the financial stability o the airline, causin it tae be regardit as a Swiss [[naitional seembol]] an icon. The airline thrived into the 1980s, when it wis ane o the "big four" Wastren European airlines. It wis heidquairtered at [[Zurich Airport]] an in [[Kloten]].<!--Sourced below--> == References == {{Reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category|Swissair}} [[Category:Swissair| ]] [[Category:Airlines established in 1931]] [[Category:Airlines disestablished in 2002]] [[Category:Defunct airlines o Swisserland]] [[Category:Umwhile IATA members]] poaw0ltbpcr0o5ceia64x2is9g9ekrp 0 78064 918577 917123 2026-06-22T15:16:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ither uises|Karlsruhe (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox German location |Name = <small>Ceety o Karlsruhe</small> |German_name = Karlsruhe |Art = Stadt |image_photo = Aerial image of the Karlsruhe Schlossgarten (view from the south).jpg |image_caption = View ower Karlsruhe |image_flag = Flagge Karlsruhe.svg |Wappen = DEU Karlsruhe COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49.00920970|8.40395140|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |Karte = Karlsruhe-Position.png |Bundesland = Baden-Württemberg |Regierungsbezirk = Karlsruhe |Landkreis = [[Urban destricts o Germany|Urban destrict]] |Höhe = 115 |Fläche = 173.46 |Einwohner = 288917 |Stand = 2007-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/SRDB/Tabelle.asp?99025010GE212000 |title=Landesinformationssystem (LIS) - Übersichts- und Vergleichsdaten I (Gebiet, Bevölkerung) Karlsruhe, Stadt |publisher=Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg |year=2009 |accessdate=2009-03-27 |language=German }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |PLZ = 76131–76229 <!-- keine Postfächer/Großempfänger --> |PLZ-alt = 7500 |Vorwahl = 0721 |Kfz = KA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 12 000 |NUTS = DE122 |LOCODE = DE KAE |Gliederung = 27 [[Quarter (country subdivision)|quarters]] |Website = [http://www.karlsruhe.de www.karlsruhe.de] |Bürgermeister = Frank Mentrup |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister |Partei = SPD |year = 1715 }} '''Karlsruhe''' ({{IPA-de|ˈkaʁlsˌʁuːə}}; umwhile '''Carlsruhe''') is the seicont-lairgest [[Ceeties o Germany|ceety]] in the [[States o Germany|state]] o [[Baden-Württemberg]], in soothwast [[Germany]], near the Franco-German border. It haes a population o 296,033. [[Karlsruhe Pailace]] wis biggit in 1715 an the ceety is nou the seat o twa o the heichest courts in Germany, the [[Federal Constitutional Court o Germany|Federal Constitutional Court]] an the [[Federal Court o Juistice o Germany|Federal Court o Juistice]].<ref>History o the German Reichsgericht http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgericht</ref><ref>Karlsruhe considers itsel the ''Residence o the Law'' http://ka.stadtwiki.net/Residenz_des_Rechts {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911101443/http://ka.stadtwiki.net/Residenz_des_Rechts |date=2014-09-11 }}</ref> It haes been speculatit that Karlsruhe wis a model for [[Washington, D.C.]] as baith ceeties hae a centre frae which the streets radiate ootwaird.<ref>V.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;Ihle, Karlsruhe und die USA (an the United States), p. 15.</ref> ==Geografie== [[File:49th Parallel Karlsruhe.JPG|thumb|left|The [[49th parallel north]] in the Karlsruhe Stadtgarten]] The ceety lees at an altitude atween 100&nbsp;m (on the eastren shore o the river [[Rhine]]) an 322&nbsp;m (near the communications touer. In the suburb o Wettersbach). Its geographical coordinates are {{Coord|49|00|N|8|24|E|type:ceety(282595)_region:DE-BW}}; the 49th [[Circle o latitude|parallel]] rins throuch the ceety centre. Its course is merked bi a stane an painted line in the ''Stadtgarten'' ("ceety park"). [[File:MiRO8.jpg|thumb|MiRO oil refinery]] The ceety wis planned wi the palace touer (''Schloss'') at the centre an 32&nbsp;streets radiating oot frae it lik the [[spokes]] o a [[wheel]], or the ribs o a [[fan (implement)|folding fan]], sae that ane [[nickname]] for Karlsruhe in German is the "fan ceety" (''Fächerstadt''). Naur aw o thir streets survived til the day. Acause o this ceety layout, in [[metric geometry]], [[Karlsruhe metric]] refers tae a meisur o distance that assumes traivel is anerly possible alang radial streets an alang circular avenues aroon the centre.<ref>{{cite web |author=Rashid Bin Muhammad |url=http://ƒpala//www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/Compgeometry/MyCG/CG-Applets/VoroKarlsruhe/karlcli.htm |title=Karlsruhe-Metric Voronoi Diagram |publisher=Personal.kent.edu |accessdate=2011-04-07 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The ceety centre is the auldest pairt o toun an lees sooth o the palace in the quadrant defined bi nine o the radial streets. The central pairt o the palace rins east-wast, wi twa wings, ilk o thaim at a 45°&nbsp;angle, direckit southeast an southwest (i.e.,&nbsp;parallel wi the streets markin the boundaries o the quadrant definin the ceety centre). The [[mercat square]] lees on the street rinnin sooth frae the palace tae [[Ettlingen]]. The mercat square haes the [[town hall]] (''Rathaus'') tae the wast, the main [[Lutheran]] [[Kirk (biggin)|kirk]] (''Evangelische Stadtkirche'') tae the east, an the tomb o [[Charles III William, Margrave o Baden-Durlach|Margrave Charles III William]] in [[Karlsruhe Pyramid|a pyramid]] in the buildings, resultin in Karlsruhe bein ane o anerly three muckle cities in Germany whaur buildings are laid oot in the [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] style. The aurie north o the palace is a [[park]] an [[forest]]. Oreeginally the aurie tae the east o the palace consisted o [[gardens]] an wids, some o it remainin, but the [[Karlsruhe Institute o Technology]] (foundit in 1825), [[Wildparkstadion]], an residential auries hae been biggit thare. The aurie wast o the palace is nou maistly residential. [[File:Karlsruhe 180 panorama.JPG|thumb|centre|700 px|Panorama o Karlsruhe, leukin sooth frae the palace touer. The Institute o Technology is on the left, the Market square in the centre, the Federal Constitutional Court on the right. Note wings o the palace alignin wi streets, aw radiatin oot frae the centre o toun (i.e.,&nbsp;the palace touer).]] [[File:Karlsruher Schloss 180 degrees south panorama.jpg|thumb|center|700px|180 degree panorama frae atop [[Karlsruhe Palace|the palace]] touer, facin north.]] ===Climate=== Karlsruhe experiences an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb'') seemilar tae a fair bit o Germany. In comparison, Karlsruhe features het simmers an average tae mild winters. The ceety is ane o the warmest an sunniest in Germany. Precipitation is awmaist evenly spread atouer the year. In 2008, the mair nor 130 year-auld wather station in Karlsruhe wis closed, that is replaced bi a wather station in [[Rheinstetten]], sooth o Karlsruhe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wetter.im-licht-der-natur.de/Wetterstation.htm |title=Die Wetterstationen in Karlsruhe |publisher=Wetter.im-licht-der-natur.de |accessdate=2013-03-26 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Karlsruhe/Rheinstetten, Germany for 1981–2010 (Source: DWD) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 17.5 |Feb record high C = 22.0 |Mar record high C = 26.7 |Apr record high C = 29.2 |May record high C = 33.3 |Jun record high C = 37.2 |Jul record high C = 38.5 |Aug record high C = 40.2 |Sep record high C = 32.8 |Oct record high C = 29.5 |Nov record high C = 21.8 |Dec record high C = 19.2 |year record high C = 40.2 |Jan high C = 4.7 |Feb high C = 6.8 |Mar high C = 11.7 |Apr high C = 16.4 |May high C = 20.9 |Jun high C = 24.0 |Jul high C = 26.6 |Aug high C = 26.5 |Sep high C = 21.6 |Oct high C = 15.8 |Nov high C = 9.1 |Dec high C = 5.5 |year high C = 15.8 |Jan mean C = 2.0 |Feb mean C = 3.0 |Mar mean C = 6.9 |Apr mean C = 10.7 |May mean C = 15.2 |Jun mean C = 18.3 |Jul mean C = 20.6 |Aug mean C = 20.1 |Sep mean C = 15.6 |Oct mean C = 10.9 |Nov mean C = 5.8 |Dec mean C = 2.9 |year mean C = 11.0 |Jan low C = -0.7 |Feb low C = -0.3 |Mar low C = 2.7 |Apr low C = 5.3 |May low C = 9.6 |Jun low C = 12.8 |Jul low C = 14.9 |Aug low C = 14.6 |Sep low C = 10.9 |Oct low C = 7.2 |Nov low C = 2.9 |Dec low C = 0.4 |year low C = 6.7 |Jan record low C = -20.0 |Feb record low C = -15.0 |Mar record low C = -14.6 |Apr record low C = -5.3 |May record low C = -0.3 |Jun record low C = 3.6 |Jul record low C = 6.9 |Aug record low C = 6.3 |Sep record low C = 2.5 |Oct record low C = -2.8 |Nov record low C = -9.3 |Dec record low C = -18.7 |year record low C = -20.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 58.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 55.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 59.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 52.7 |May precipitation mm = 77.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 76.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 75.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 58.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 57.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 73.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 63.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 75.2 |year precipitation mm = 783.4 |Jan sun = 56.7 |Feb sun = 87.8 |Mar sun = 131.2 |Apr sun = 182.7 |May sun = 218.4 |Jun sun = 232.1 |Jul sun = 253.9 |Aug sun = 237.3 |Sep sun = 174.4 |Oct sun = 110.9 |Nov sun = 65.5 |Dec sun = 45.6 |year sun = 1796.43 |source 1 = Data derived from [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue |title=Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte |accessdate=}}</ref> |date=April 2013 }} ==History== Accordin tae legend, the name Karlsruhe, that translates as Charles’ repose, wis gien tae the new ceety efter a huntin trip whan [[Charles&nbsp;III William, Margrave o Baden-Durlach]], woke frae a dream in that he dreamt o foundin his new ceety. Charles William foundit the ceety on Juin 17, 1715, efter a dispute wi the ceetizens o his previous caipital, [[Durlach]]. The foundin o the ceety is close linkit tae the construction o the [[Karlsruhe Palace|palace]]. Karlsruhe became the caipital o [[Baden-Durlach]] an in 1771 o the unitit [[Baden]] til 1945. Biggit in 1822, the "Ständehaus" wis the first parliament biggin in a German State. In the eftercome o the democratic revolution o 1848, a republican govrenment wis elect here. In 1860, the first-ever international professional convention, the [[Karlsruhe Congress]], wis held in the ceety.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} A fair bit o the central aurie, includin the palace, wis reduced tae rubble bi Allied bombing durin Warld War II but wis biggit again efter the war. Locate in the American zone o the [[Allied-occupied Germany|post-war Allied occupation]], Karlsruhe wis hame tae an [[United States Armed Forces|American military]] base, established in 1945. In 1995, the bases [[List o Unitit States Army installations in Germany#Former installations|closed]] an thair facilities war turned ower tae the ceety o Karlsruhe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.ka.stadtwiki.net/U.S._Military_Installations |title=U.S. Military Installations |publisher=Stadtwiki Karlsruhe |accessdate=21 July 2012 |archive-date=2014-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029154209/http://en.ka.stadtwiki.net/U.S._Military_Installations |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Walter |last=Elkins |url=http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com/USAREUR_ceety_Karlsruhe.htm |title=U.S. Army Installations - Karlsruhe |publisher=U.S. Army in Germany |accessdate=21 July 2012}}</ref> ==Main sights== The ''Stadtgarten'' is a recreational aurie naur the main railwey station (''Hauptbahnhof'') an wis biggit again in 1967 durin the 'Federal Garden Shaw' (''Bundesgartenschau''). It is the site o [[Karlsruhe Zoo]] an aa. The ''[[Durlach]]er [[Turmberg]]'' haes a leuk-oot touer (hence its name). It is a umwhile [[keep]] datin back tae the 13t century. The ceety haes twa botanical gardens: the municipal ''[[Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe]]'' that forms pairt o the Palace complex, an the ''[[Botanischer Garten der Universität Karlsruhe]]'' which is maintained bi the varsity. [[File:Karlsruhe Orangerie garden panorama.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Panorama o the close o [[Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe]].]] The ''Marktplatz'' haes a [[Karlsruhe Pyramid|stane pyramid]] markin the grave o the ceety's founder. Biggit in 1825, it is the emblem o Karlsruhe. The ceety is eiknamed ''the fan ceety'' (''Die Fächerstadt'') acause o its design layout, wi straucht streets radiating fan-lik frae the Palace. The [[Karlsruhe Palace]] (''Schloss'') is a interestin piece o airchitectur; the adjacent ''Schlossgarten'' includes the Botanical Garden wi a palm, cactus an orchid hoose, an walkin paths throuch the wid tae the north. The sic-cried ''Kleine Kirche'' (Little Kirk), biggit atween 1773 an 1776, is the auldest kirk o Karlsruhe's ceety centre. The architect [[Friedrich Weinbrenner]] designed mony o the ceety's maist important sights. Anither sicht is the ''Rondellplatz'' wi its 'Constitution Building Columns' (1826). It is dedicate tae Baden's first constitution in 1818, that wis ane o the maist liberal o its time. The ''Münze'' (mint), erected in 1826/27, wis an aa biggit bi Weinbrenner. [[File:Karlsruhe StStephan.jpg|thumb|St. Stephan parish kirk]] The St. Stephan parish kirk is ane o the masterpieces o neoclassical kirk airchitectur in Southern Germany. Weinbrenner, wha biggit this kirk atween 1808 an 1814, orientated it tae the [[Pantheon, Rome]]. [[File:Karlsruhe Grabkapelle.jpg|thumb|Grand Ducal burial chapel]] The neo-gothic ''Grand Ducal burial chapel'', biggit atween 1889 an 1896, is a [[mausoleum]] rather than a kirk, an is locatit in the middle o the forest. The main cemetery o Karlsruhe is the auldest park-lik cemetery in Germany. The [[cremation|crematorium]] wis the first tae be biggit in the style o a kirk. Karlsruhe is hame tae a Museum o Natural History an aa, an opera hoose (the '[[Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe|Baden State Theatre]]'), in addition tae a nummer o independent theatres an art galleries. The [[Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe|State Art Gallery]], biggit in 1846 bi [[Heinrich Hübsch]], displays pentins an sculptures frae sax centuries, parteecularly frae France, Germany an Holland. Karlsruhe's newly renovated art museum is ane o the maist important art museums in [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Further cultural attractions are scattered atouer Karlsruhe's various incorporated suburbs. The ''Scheffel Association'' or literary society (established in 1924), is the mucklest literary organisation in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Thir days the ''Prinz-Max-Palais'', biggit atween 1881 an 1884 in neoclassical style, houses the organisation an includes its museum. [[File:Karlsruhe Moninger Jugendstil.jpg|thumb|Breweries an biggins in art nouveau style war predominant in the wastren ceety]] Due tae population growthe in the late 19t century, Karlsruhe developed several suburban auries (''[[Vorstadt]]'') in the ''[[Gründerzeit]]'' an inspecially [[art nouveau]] styles o airchitectur, wi mony preserved examples. Karlsruhe is home tae the ''Majolika-Manufaktur'' an aa,<ref>{{cite web |author=Staatliche Majolika Manufaktur Karlsruhe GmbH |url=http://www.majolika-karlsruhe.com/ |title=Majolika-Manufaktur |publisher=Majolika-karlsruhe.com |accessdate=2011-04-07 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> the anly art-ceramics pottery studio in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} Foundit in 1901, it is locatit in the ''Schlossgarten''. A 'blue streak' (''Blauer Strahl'') consisting o 1,645 ceramic tiles, connecks the studio wi the Palace. It is the warld's mucklest ceramic artwork.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} Anither tourist attraction is the [[Center for Art an Media Karlsruhe|Centre for Art an Media]] (''Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie'', or ZKM), that is locatit in a converted ammunition factory. ==Government== ===Justice=== [[File:Karlsruhe bundesverfassungsgericht.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The [[Federal Constitutional Court o Germany]]]] Karlsruhe is the seat o the German [[Federal Constitutional Court o Germany|Federal Constitutional Court]] ''(Bundesverfassungsgericht)'' an the heichest [[Court o Appeals]] in civil an criminal cases, the ''[[Bundesgerichtshof]]''. The courts came tae Karlsruhe efter Warld War II, whan the provinces o [[Baden Germany|Baden]] an [[Württemberg]] war merged. [[Stuttgart]], caipital o Württemberg, became the caipital o the new province ([[Württemberg-Baden]] in 1945 an [[Baden-Württemberg]] in 1952). In compensation for the state authorities relocated tae Stuttgart, Karlsruhe applied tae acome the seat o the heich court.<ref>Stadt Karlsruhe Stadtarchiv (ed.): ''Karlsruhe. Die Stadtgeschichte.'' Badenia, Karlsruhe 1998, ISBN 3-7617-0353-8, p. 591–594</ref> ===Public health=== Thare fower hospitals: The municipal ''Klinikum Karlsruhe'' provides the maximum level o medical services, the ''St. Vincentius-Kliniken'' an the ''[[Deaconess|Diakonissen]]<nowiki /> krankenhaus'', conneckit tae the Catholic an Protestant kirks, respectively, offer central services, an the private ''Paracelsus-Klinik'' basic medical care, accordin tae state hospital demand planning.{{Citation needed|date=June 2012}} ==Economy== Germany's mucklest [[oil refinery]] is locatit in Karlsruhe, at the wastren rand o the ceety, directly on the river [[Rhine]]. The ''Technologieregion Karlsruhe'' is a loose confederation o the region's cities for tae promote heich tech industries; the day, aboot 20% o the region's jobs are in research an development. [[EnBW]], ane o Germany's muckle maist [[electric utility]] companies an a revenue o 19.2 billion € in 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Report 2012|url=https://www.enbw.com/media/konzern/docs/integrierte-berichterstattung/bericht-2012/enbw-finanzbericht-2012.pdf|publisher=EnBW|page=3}}</ref> is headquartered in the ceety. ===Internet activities=== Due tae the [[University o Karlsruhe]] providin services til the late 1990, Karlsruhe became kent as the ''internet capital'' o Germany.{{Citation needed|date=June 2012}} The [[DENIC]] itsel, Germany's [[Network Information Centre]], haes syne muived tae Frankfurt, whaur [[DE-CIX]] is locatit. Twa major [[internet service provider]]s, [[WEB.DE]] an [[schlund+partner]]/[[1&1 Internet|1&1]], nou baith owned bi [[United Internet]]&nbsp;AG, are locatit at Karlsruhe. The {{lang|de|[[Stadtwiki Karlsruhe]]}} is the mucklest [[ceety wiki]] in the warld. The leebrar o the [[Karlsruhe Institute o Technology]] developed the [[Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog]], the first internet site that alloued researchers warldwide (for free) tae search multiple leebrar catalogues warldwide. In the year 2000 the regional online "newspaper" ''ka&#8209;news.de'' wis creatit. As a daily newspaper, it disnae jist provides the news, but an aa informs readers aboot upcoming events in Karlsruhe an surroondin auries. [[File:Karlsruhe Rbf Einfahrgruppe.jpg|thumb|[[Rail yard]], [[bypass (road)|bypass road]] Südtangente]] ==Transport== The [[Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe]] (VBK) operates the ceety's urban public transport network, comprising seiven [[tram]] routes an a network o bus routes. This network is weel developed an aw ceety auries can be reaked roun the clock bi tram an a nicht bus seestem. The [[Turmbergbahn]] [[funicular|funicular railwey]], tae the east o the ceety centre, is operated bi the VBK an aa. The VBK is a partner, wi the [[Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft]] an [[Deutsche Bahn]], in the operation o the [[Karlsruhe Stadtbahn]], the rail seestem that serves a lairger aurie aroond the ceety. This seestem maks it possible tae reak ither towns in the region, lik [[Ettlingen]], [[Wörth am Rhein]], [[Pforzheim]], [[Bad Wildbad]], [[Bretten]], [[Bruchsal]], [[Heilbronn]], [[Baden-Baden]], an even [[Freudenstadt]] in the [[Black Forest]] right frae the ceety centre. The Stadtbahn is weel kent in transport circles aroond the warld for pioneering the concept o operating trams on train tracks, tae achieve a mair effective an attractive [[public transport]] seestem, tae the extent that this is aften kent as the [[Karlsruhe model]] [[tram-train]] seestem. Karlsruhe is weel-connected via road an rail, wi [[Autobahn]] an [[InterCityExpress]] connections gaun tae [[Frankfurt]], [[Stuttgart]]/[[Munich]] an [[Freiburg]]/[[Basel]]. Syne Juin 2007 it haes been connected tae the [[TGV]] network, reducin traivel time tae [[Paris]] tae anly three oors (previously it haed takken five oors). [[File:Karlsruhe OElhafen.jpg|thumb|Oil port]] Twa [[port]]s on the [[Rhine]] provide transport capacity on [[cargo ship]]s, especially for [[petroleum products]]. The nearest airport is pairt o the [[Baden Airpark]] (offeecially ''Flughafen Karlsruhe/[[Baden-Baden]]'') aboot {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest o Karlsruhe, wi regular connections tae airports in Germany an Europe in general. [[Frankfurt International Airport]] can be reakit in aboot an oor an a hauf bi car (ane oor bi [[InterCityExpress]]); [[Stuttgart Airport]] can be reakit in aboot ane oor (aboot an oor an a hauf bi train an [[S-Bahn|S&#8209;Bahn]]). Twa interestin facts in transportation history are that baith [[Karl Drais]], the inventor o the [[bicycle]], in addition tae [[Karl Benz]], the inventor o the [[automobile]] war born in Karlsruhe. Benz wis born in Mühlburg, that later became a borough o Karlsruhe (in 1886). Benz studied at the Karlsruhe varsity an aw. It is interestin that Benz’s wife [[Bertha Benz|Bertha]] teuk the warld's first lang distance-drive wi a car frae [[Mannheim]] tae Karlsruhe-Grötzingen an [[Pforzheim]] (see [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]]). Thair professional lifes led baith men tae the neibourin ceety o Mannheim, whaur thay first applied thair maist famous inventions. [[File:Karlsruhe Leibgrenadierdenkmal.jpg|thumb|Memorial for Baden Life Grenadiers in several wars, 1803–1918]] [[File:Karlsruhe Durlach Karlsburg.jpg|thumb|[[Karlsburg Castle]] in Durlach]] ==Jewish community== [[File:Juedischer Friedhof Groetzingen.jpg|thumb|Jewish cemetery o Grötzingen]] Jews settled in Karlsruhe syne its foundation. Thay war attracted bi the numerous privileges granted bi its founder tae settlers, athout discrimination as tae creed. offeecial documents attest the presence o several Jewish families at Karlsruhe in 1717. A year later, the ceety council addressed tae the margrave a report whaur a quaisten wis raised as tae the proportion o municipal charges tae be borne bi the newly arrived Jews, wha formed an organized congregation in that year, wi Rabbi Nathan Uri Kohen o Metz at its heid. A document dated 1726 gies the names o twenty-fower Jews wha haed takken pairt in an election o municipal officers. As the ceety grew permission tae settle thare became less easy obtained bi Jews, an the community developed mair slowly. A 1752 Jewry ordinance stated Jews war forbidden tae lae the ceety on Sundays an Christian halidays, or tae gang oot o thair houses durin kirk services, but thay war exempted frae service bi court summonses on Sabbaths. Thay coud sell wine anerly in inns awned bi Jews an graze thair nowt, no on the commons, but anerly on the wayside. Karlsruhe wis the seat o the central council o Baden Jewry. The first chief rabbi o the kitnra Rabbi Asher Lowe wis frae (Durlach) Karlsruhe, [[Nethaneel Weil]] wis a rabbi in Karlsruhe frae 1750 til his deith. [[File:Karlsruhe Synagoge 1810.jpg|thumb|[[Karlsruhe Synagogue]], biggit bi [[Friedrich Weinbrenner]] in 1798, existit until 1871]] In 1783, bi a decree issued bi Margrave [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke o Baden|Charles Frederick o Baden]], the Jews ceased tae be serfs, an consequently coud settle in whitever place thay pleased. The same decree freed thaim frae the "Todfall" tax, paid tae the clergy for ilk Jewish burial. In commemoration o thir chynges special prayers war prepared bi the actin rabbi Jedidiah Tiah Weill, wha, succeeding his faither in 1770, held the office til 1805. In 1808 the govrenment issued regulations anent the admeenistration o the spiritual affairs o the Jewish community; bi that, the chief rabbi o Karlsruhe became the spiritual heid o the Jews o the country. Complete emancipation wis gien in 1862, Jews war elected tae ceety council an Baden parliament, an frae 1890 war appyntit judges. Jews war persecuted in riots occurring in 1819 an anti-Jewish demonstrations war held in 1843, 1848, an the 1880s. The weel-kent German-Israeli airtist [[Leo Kahn]] studied in Karlsruhe afore leaing for France an Israel in the 1920s an 1930s. [[File:Chanukka Karlsruhe 3.jpg|thumb|Public [[hanukkah]] on the ''Schlossplatz'']] The day, thare are aboot 900 members in the Jewish community; mony o thaim are recent immigrants frae Roushie, an an orthodox rabbi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jg-karlsruhe.de |title=Jewish Community Karlsruhe - Karlsruhe, Germany }}</ref> Karlsruhe haes memorialized its Jewish community an notable pre-war synagogues wi a memorial park.<ref>http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/images/Images%2021/ka%20syn.jpg</ref> ===Karlsruhe an the Holocaust=== [[File:Karlsruhe Synagoge Luftbild.jpg|thumb|The new synagogue]] In 1933, 3,358 Jews stayed in Karlsruhe. The community awned buildings an property, lik twa [[synagogue]]s, ane on Karl-Friedrich-Straße an ane on Kronenstraße, twa elderly ceetizens' hames, a Jewish scuil, a hospital, welfare institutions, an several Jewish cemeteries. Durin the first years o the Nazi regime, the community continued tae function, parteecularly tae prepare Jews for emigration. On October 28, 1938, aw male Pols Jews livin in Karlsruhe war deported tae Poland. Synagogues war destroyed on [[Kristallnacht]], 9–10 November 1938. Maist o the men war arrested an sent tae [[Dachau concentration camp]], but war released efter thay haed furnished proof that thay intendit tae emigrate. In October 1940, 895 Jews war expelled during [[Operation Wagner-Bürckel]] an interned bi the French [[Vichy France|Vichy]] authorities in [[Camp Gurs|Gurs]] in soothren France. Maist o thaim war then deported frae thare tae [[Auschwitz]] (via the [[Drancy deportation camp]], on the outskirts o [[Paris]]) atween August an November 1942. Maist o the 429 remainin Jews an ither sae‑cried "non-[[Aryan race|Aryans]]" war deported tae the east atween 1941 an 1944. In 1945 thare war anerly 18 Jews in Karlsruhe. Mair nor 1,000 o thaim haed been killt atween 1933 an 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.karlsruhe.de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/gedenkbuch.de |title=Karlsruhe condolence book |publisher=Karlsruhe.de |date=2006-12-20 |accessdate=2011-04-07 |archive-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805011005/http://www.karlsruhe.de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/gedenkbuch.de |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Baden Central Jewish Council wis reorganized in 1948. A new synagogue wis biggit in 1969. Some 113 holocaust victims are commemorated bi brass plaques on Karlsruhe's sidewalks, the sae-cried [[Stolperstein]]e.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ka.stadtwiki.net/Stolpersteine_Karlsruhe |title=Stadtwiki Karlsruhe |access-date=2014-07-10 |archive-date=2014-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412172503/http://ka.stadtwiki.net/Stolpersteine_Karlsruhe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Historical population== {|class="wikitable" |- !Year !Inhabitants |- | 1719 || 2,000<ref name='karlsruhe_history'>{{cite web | url = http://www.karlsruhe.de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/stadtarchiv/kurzestadtgeschichte.de | title = Kurze Karlsruher Stadt­ge­schichte | accessdate = 2011-01-05 | last = Dr. Bräunche | first = Ernst Otto | coauthors = Dr. Koch, Manfred | date = 2003-11-17 | work = Stadtarchiv & Historische Museen | publisher = Stadt Karlsruhe | language = German | archive-date = 2010-06-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100623104929/http://www.karlsruhe.de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/stadtarchiv/kurzestadtgeschichte.de | url-status = dead }}</ref> |- | 1750 || 2,500<ref name='karlsruhe_history' /> |- | 1815 || >15,000<ref name='karlsruhe_history' /> |- | 1901 || 100,000<ref name='karlsruhe_history' /> |- | 1933 || 155,000<ref name='karlsruhe_history' /> |- | 1973 || 264,249<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www1.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/afsta/Statistik/Index.htm | title = Eingliederung ehemals selbständiger Gemeinden | accessdate = 2011-01-05 | date = 2010-06-07 | work = Amt für Stadtentwicklung | publisher = Stadt Karlsruhe | language = German | archive-date = 2011-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111222043210/http://www1.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/afsta/Statistik/Index.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> |- | 2003 || 282,595 |- | 2007 || 288,917 |- | 2012 || 296,033 |} ==Eddication== Karlsruhe is a renowned research an study centre, wi ane o Germany's finest institutions o heicher education. ===Technology, ingineerin, an business=== The [[Karlsruhe University]] (''Universität Karlsruhe-TH'') is the auldest technical varsity in Germany in addition tae the home o the ''[[Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe]]'' (Research Center Karlsruhe), at which ingineerin an scienteefic research is performed in the auries o heal, earth, an environmental sciences. The [[Karlsruhe University o Applied Sciences]] (''Hochschule Karlsruhe-HS'') is the lairgest varsity o technology in the state o [[Baden-Württemberg]], offerin baith professional an academic education in [[ingineerin]] sciences an business. On October 1, 2009, the [[University o Karlsruhe]] joined the ''[[Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe]]'' tae form the [[Karlsruhe Institute o Technology]](KIT). ===The arts=== The [[State Academy o Fine Arts Karlsruhe]] is ane o the weeest varsities in Germany wi average 300 students, but it is kent as ane o the maist significant Academies o Fine Arts. The [[Karlsruhe University o Arts an Design]] (HfG) wis foondit tae the same time as its sister institution, the Center for Art an Media Karlsruhe (''[[Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie]]''). The HfG teaching an research focuses on [[new media]] an [[media art]]. The [[Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe]] is a muisic [[Music school|conservatory]] that offers degrees in [[Musical composition|composition]], music performance, education, an radio [[jurnalism]]. Syne 1989 it haes locatit in the Gottesaue Palace (see picture). ===International education=== The [[Karlshochschule International University]] (formerly kent as ''Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule'') wis foundit in 2004. As a foundation owned state approved [[Management School]] Karlshochschule offers [[undergraduate education]] in baith German an Inglis focusin on international an [[intercultural]] [[management]] in addition tae service- an cultur-relatit industries. Mair outouer an international consecutive [[Master o Arts (postgraduate)]] in [[leadership studies]] is offered in Inglish. ===European Institute o Innovation an Technology (EIT)=== {{Main|European Institute o Innovation an Technology}} Karlsruhe hosts ane o the [[European Institute o Innovation an Technology]]'s Knawledge an Innovation Communities (KICs) focussin on [[sustainable energy]]. Ither co‑centres are based in [[Grenoble]], France (CC Alps Valleys); [[Eindhoven]], the [[Netherlands]], an [[Leuven]], [[Belgium]] (CC [[Benelux]]); [[Barcelona]], Spain (CC Iberia); [[Kraków]], Poland (CC PolandPlus); an [[Stockholm]], Swaden (CC Swaden).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eit.europa.eu/fileadmin/Content/Downloads/PDF/news_items/Summary_InnoEnergy.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-10 |archive-date=2010-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529160533/http://eit.europa.eu/fileadmin/Content/Downloads/PDF/news_items/Summary_InnoEnergy.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Culture== In 1999 the [[Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie|ZKM]] (''Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie'', Centre for Art an Media) wis opened. Athin a short time, it biggit up a warldwide reputation as a cultural institution. Linking new media theory an practice, the ZKM is locatit in a umwhile wappens factory. Amang the institutes relatit tae the ZKM are the ''[[Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung]]'' (State University o Design), whase preses is philosopher [[Peter Sloterdijk]] an the Museum for Contemporary Art. [[File:Karlsruhe Nancybrunnen.jpg|thumb|Nancy fountain]] ==International relations== {{See also|List o twin towns an sister cities in Germany}} ===Twin towns / Sister cities=== Karlsruhe is [[Twin towns an sister cities|twinned]] wi:<ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.karlsruhe.de/stadt/international/partnerstaedte.de|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724221530/http://www.karlsruhe.de/stadt/international/partnerstaedte.de|archivedate=2010-07-24|title=Städte­partnerschaften|accessdate=2011-01-05|date=2010-12-16|publisher=Stadt Karlsruhe|language=German|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|UK}} '''[[Nottingham]]''', [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]<ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings"/><ref name="Nottingham twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16599|title=European networks an ceety partnerships|publisher=Nottingham ceety Council|date=11 March|accessdate=2013-07-20|archive-date=2012-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625072955/http://nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16599|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Nancy, France|Nancy]]''', [[France]]<ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Krasnodar]]''', [[Roushie]]<ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|ROU}} '''[[Timişoara]]''', [[Romania]]<ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]]''', [[Germany]]<ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings"/> ===Partnerships=== The ceety is an aa in a partnership relationship wi: *{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Oulu]]<ref name="Oulu Partnership an twinning cities">{{cite web|url=http://www.ouka.fi/oulu/kansainvalisyys/partneri-ja-kummikaupungit|title=Partneri- ja kummikaupungit (Partnership an twinning cities)|accessdate=2013-07-27|work=Oulun kaupunki (Ceety o Oulu)|language=Finnish|archive-date=2013-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928010526/http://www.ouka.fi/oulu/kansainvalisyys/partneri-ja-kummikaupungit|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Karlsruhe Gottesaue3.jpg|thumb|Gottesau Palace (nou music college).]] ==Events== Ilka year in Julie, thare a muckle open air festival lastin three days cried ''Das Fest'' ("The Festival").<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dasfest.net/ | title = das FEST | accessdate = 2011-01-05 | language = German | archive-date = 2010-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101231223432/http://www.dasfest.net/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Baden State Theatre haes sponsored the ''[[Händel]] festival'' syne 1978. The ceety hosted the 23rd an 31st [[European Juggling Convention]]s (EJC) in 2000 an 2008. In Julie, the African Simmer Festival is held in the ceety's Nordstadt. Markets, drumming workshops, exhibitions, a varied childer's programme, an musical performances tak place durin the three days festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africansummerfestival.de |title=Karlsruhe Afrikamarkt & Festival 2011 |publisher=Africansummerfestival.de |accessdate=2011-04-07}}</ref> In the past, Karlsruhe haes been the host o [[LinuxTag]] (the mucklest Linux event in Europe) an til 2006 hosted the annual Linux Audio Conference.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lac.zkm.de/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-10 |archive-date=2015-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012140355/http://lac.zkm.de/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Visitors an locals watched the tot [[solar eclipse]] at noon on August 11, 1999. The ceety wisnae jist locatit athin the eclipse path but wis ane o the few athin Germany no plagued bi bad wather. ==Sport== '''Fitbaa (Soccer)''' [[Karlsruher SC]] (KSC), [[2. Bundesliga]] (seicont diveesion) '''Basketball''' [[BG Karlsruhe]], [[Basketball-Pro-Liga A]] (seicont diveesion) '''Tennis''' [[TC Rueppurr]] (TCR), [Tennis-Bundesliga] (weemen's first diveesion) '''Basebaw''' an '''Softbaw''' [[Karlsruhe Cougars]], Regional League South-East (men's basebaw), 1st Bundesliga South (weemen's softbaw I) an State League South (weemen's softbaw II) '''American Fitbaa''' [[Badener Greifs]], currently competin in the Regional League Central but umwhile a member o the [[GFL]]'s 1st Bundesliga, lost tae the [[Berlin Adler]] in the 1987 [[German Bowl]] (see: [[German Football League]]) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Karlsruhe}} * [http://geodaten.karlsruhe.de/stadtplan/ Map o Karlsruhe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126232031/http://geodaten.karlsruhe.de/stadtplan/ |date=2011-01-26 }} * [http://ikar.us/KAzilla/English List o Inglis-leid wabsteids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927074901/http://ikar.us/KAzilla/English |date=2014-09-27 }} *{{Official website|http://www.karlsruhe.de}} (in German) * [[Karlsruhe:en:Main Page|Ceety wiki o Karlsruhe (German an Inglis)]] *{{Wikivoyage-inline}} * [http://www.KarlsruheNuclideChart.net Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225201624/http://www.karlsruhenuclidechart.net/ |date=2010-12-25 }} {{Germany destricts baden-württemberg}} {{Ceeties in Germany}} [[Category:Karlsruhe| ]] [[Category:Karlsruhe (region)]] [[Category:Ceeties in Baden-Württemberg]] [[Category:Planned caipitals]] [[Category:Caipitals o umwhile naitions]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1715]] [[Category:Populatit places on the Rhine]] [[Category:Varsity touns in Germany]] 3680p8qcg4iy72ori1stdk7ac3m9miz 0 80069 918621 918433 2026-06-23T07:05:59Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Airline |airline = Rotana Jet |logo = |logo_size = |fleet_size = 5 |destinations = 12 |IATA = RG |ICAO = RJD |callsign = ROTANA |parent = |company_slogan = |founded = 2010 |headquarters = [[Al Bateen Executive Airport]]<br>[[Abu Dhabi]], [[UAE]] |key_people = [[Ahmed bin Saif Al Nahyan]] <small>(Chairman)</small>, [[Saif M. A. Al Mughairy]] <small>(CEO)</small> , [[Rajendran Vellapalath]] <small>(CCO)</small> |hubs = [[Al Bateen Executive Airport]] |secondary_hubs = |focus_cities = [[Sir Bani Yas|Sir Bani Yas Island]], [[Dalma (island)|Dalma Island]], [[Al Ain]], [[Fujairah]]. |website = {{URL|www.rotanajet.com}} }} '''Rotana Jet''' ({{lang-ar|روتانا جت}}) is a airline wi its corporate heid office at [[Al Bateen Executive Airport]],<ref>"[http://rotanajet.com/index.php/contact-us Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323215015/http://rotanajet.com/index.php/contact-us |date=2015-03-23 }}." () Rotana Jet. Retrieved on 30 July 2013.</ref> in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/routes-abu-dhabis-rotana-grows-domestic-operations-377084/|accessdate=1 October 2012|title=ROUTES: Abu Dhabi's Rotana grows domestic operations|work=[[Flightglobal]]}}</ref> While it initially operatit anerly executive chairter flichts; Rotana stairtit scheduled flichts tae [[Sir Bani Yas]] island in Juin 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rotana Jet moves into scheduled local flights|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/aviation/rotana-jet-moves-into-scheduled-local-flights|accessdate=1 October 2012|date=6 June 2012|archive-date=2012-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231005722/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/aviation/rotana-jet-moves-into-scheduled-local-flights|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its flichts tae Fujairah made it the first domestic airline tae connect twa emirates.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rotana Jet claims spoils for first route between emirates|url=http://www.zawya.com/story/Rotana_Jet_claims_spoils_for_first_route_between_emirates-ZAWYA20120920151926/|accessdate=1 October 2012|newspaper=Zawya|date=20 September 2012}}</ref> On 6 Apryle 2014, the airline annooncit [[Colombo]] and [[Mattala Rajapaksa Internaitional Airport|Mattala]] as its first internaitional destinations ootside the [[Gulf Cooperation Cooncil]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rotana Jet to begin flights to Colombo and Mattala|url=http://www.arabiangazette.com/rotana-jet-begin-flights-colombo-mattala-20140406/|accessdate=7 April 2014|date=6 April 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024144/http://www.arabiangazette.com/rotana-jet-begin-flights-colombo-mattala-20140406/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|group=nb}} {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Rotana Jet}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Portal|Abu Dhabi|Companies|Aviation}} * [http://rotanajet.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] [[Category:2010 establishments]] [[Category:Companies based in Abu Dhabi]] [[Category:Airlines o the Unitit Arab Emirates]] jtd5m01uergqgovckwvxk03mb92uzel 0 80704 918580 885149 2026-06-22T18:42:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Moncloa-Aravaca |settlement_type = [[Destricts o Madrid|Destrict o Madrid]] |image_map= Maps - ES - Madrid - Moncloa-Aravaca.PNG |image_skyline = Madrid - Plaza de Moncloa - 20050220.jpg |image_caption = Plaza de Moncloa |area_total_km2= 32.89 |population= 116.531 |population_density_km2= |postal_code= 28008, 28015, 28023, 28035, 28039, 28040 | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Aut. commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[File:Flag of the Community of Madrid.svg|20px|border]] [[Commonty o Madrid|Madrid]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | subdivision_name2 = [[File:Escudo de Madrid.svg|15px]] [[Madrid]] | leader_title =Concejal | leader_name = | blank_name_sec1 = Madrid destrict nummer | blank_info_sec1 = 9 | blank_name_sec2 = Address o cooncil | blank_info_sec2 = |website= }} '''Moncloa-Aravaca''' (namit '''Moncloa''' an aw) is ane o the 21 [[Destricts o Madrid|destricts]] o the ceety o [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. ==Geografie== ===Subdiveesion=== The destrict is admeenistratively dividit intae 7 wairds (''Barrios''): *[[Aravaca]] *[[Argüelles (Madrid)|Argüelles]] *[[Casa de Campo]] *[[Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid|Ciudad Universitaria]] *[[El Plantío]] *[[Valdemarín]] *[[Valdezarza]] <!-- ==History== --> ==Eddication== The ''[[Colegio Japonés de Madrid]]'', the [[Nihonjin gakko|Japanese internaitional schuil]] in Madrid, is locatit in the [[El Plantío]] aurie.<ref>"[http://www.cjmspain.com/contacts/ Como llegar]." () ''[[Colegio Japonés de Madrid]]''. Retrieved on 5 January 2014. "Avda. de la Victoria, 98, El Plantio 28023 Madrid Spain"</ref> ==See an aw== *[[Faro de Moncloa]] *[[Palacio de la Moncloa]] ==References== {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{commonscat-inline}} {{Destricts o Madrid}} [[Category:Destricts o Madrid]] mvrclwkymbm3maeukl8l7tg2idjhbsf 0 83474 918623 918449 2026-06-23T08:06:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sant Cugat del Vallès | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Monestir de Sant Cugat.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut de Sant Cugat del Vallès.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain | coordinates = {{coord|41|28|N|2|05|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Community]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonia}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province of Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques of Catalonia|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Vallès Occidental]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Mercè Conesa i Pagès ([[Convergence and Union|CiU]]) | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 48.32 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 124 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 84946 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Santcugatenc | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 08172-08174 | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = {{URL|www.santcugat.cat}} | footnotes = }} '''Sant Cugat del Vallès''' ({{IPA-ca|ˈsaŋ kuˈɣad dəɫ βəˈʎɛs|IPA}}) (pop. 81,745 in 2010) is a toun an [[municipality]] north o [[Barcelona]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. Kent as ''Castrum Octavianum'' in antiquity, it is namit efter [[Saunt Cucuphas]], that is seyed tae hae been mairtert on the spot nou occupee'd bi its [[Monastery o Sant Cugat|medieval monastery]]. ==Description== The toun's ither biggins include the Schuil o Airchitectur o the Vallès an the Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR, [[Transliteration|translit.]]&nbsp;Heich Performance Centre), a famous centre for profeesional sport trainin. Sant Cugat haes become an [[affluent]] suburb o Barcelona due tae its location (anerly 20 kilometres frae the ceety), its naitural surroondins, an its pedestrian shoppin airt. Sant Cugat offers restaurants, a concert venue, twa cinemas, an ae muckle shoppin centre an aw. It is a poleetical stranghud for [[conservative]] [[Catalan naitionalism]] an aw, wi [[Convergència i Unió]] dominatin the toun's politics. The toun haes its [[Sant Cugat (FGC)|ain train station]] wi a direct [[Barcelona Metro|metro]] connection intae Barcelona ceety centre an the nearbi industrial ceeties o [[Terrassa]] an [[Sabadell]]. [[File:Monestir de Sant Cugat (Sant Cugat del Vallès) - 23.jpg|thumbnail]] ==Main sichts== *[[Monasterio de Sant Cugat|Monastery o Sant Cugat]] *Hermitage o Sant Medir (10t hunderyear) *Hermitage o Sant Adjutori (10t hunderyear) *''Torre Negra'' (12t hunderyear) *Gothic brig o Can Vernet (14t hunderyear) == Demographie == {{infobox catalan municipio demography | pop_1900=2120 | pop_1930=5190 | pop_1950=6992 | pop_1970=20,490 | pop_1986=35,302 | pop_2000=52,654 | pop_latest=84,946<ref>http://www.idescat.cat/poblacioestrangera/?b=0&res=e203&lang=es</ref> | latest_year=2012}} ==Eddication== The ''[[Colegio Japonés de Barcelona]]'', a [[Nihonjin gakko|Japanese internaitional schuil]], is locatit in the commune.<ref>"[http://www.colegiojaponesbcn.org/fpcj/access.html バルセロナ日本人学校地図] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112111727/http://www.colegiojaponesbcn.org/fpcj/access.html |date=2015-01-12 }}" () ''[[Colegio Japonés de Barcelona]]''. Retrieved on 4 January 2014. "Can Graells 61, 08174, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain"</ref> ==Sister ceeties== *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alba, Piemont|Alba]], Italy ==References== {{reflist}} * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spaingie). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Sant Cugat del Vallès, Sapin}} *[http://www.museu.santcugat.cat Museum Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109095349/http://www.museu.santcugat.cat/ |date=2006-11-09 }} {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Sant Cugat del Vallès |N = [[Sant Quirze del Vallès]] |NE = |E = [[Cerdanyola del Vallès]] |SE = [[Barcelona]] |S = [[Sant Feliu de Llobregat]] |SW = [[Molins de Rei]] |W = [[Castellbisbal]]<br>[[El Papiol]] |NW = [[Rubí, Barcelona|Rubí]] }} {{Valles Occidental}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sant Cugat Del Valles}} [[Category:Sant Cugat del Vallès| ]] [[Category:Municipalities in Vallès Occidental]] pngmo2ul7z34hymbi9dxox55eium59y 0 88072 918659 906545 2026-06-23T11:32:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 918659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Lil Wayne in Concert.jpg | caption = Lil Wayne performin in March 2011 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1982|09|27}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 20–27, 2013|year=2013|issue=1277/1278|page=36}}</ref> | alias = Shrimp Daddy,<ref name="complexlil">{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |title=He went by the names Shrimp Daddy and Baby D before Lil Wayne. — 40 Things You Didn't Know About Lil Wayne |publisher=Complex |date=2013-01-03 |accessdate=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208225051/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theboombox.com/lil-wayne-reveals-initial-rap-name-was-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne Reveals Initial Rap Name Was Shrimp Daddy |publisher=Theboombox.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2011/04/lil-wayne-as-the-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne as the Shrimp Daddy - XXL |publisher=Xxlmag.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> Baby D<ref name="complexlil"/> | origin = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], U.S. | genre = [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] | occupation = {{flatlist | * Rapper * songwriter * producer * entrepreneur }} | years_active = 1994–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[The B.G.'z]] * [[Cash Money Millionaires]] * [[Hot Boys]] * Squad Up * [[Young Money]] * [[2 Chainz]] * [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] * [[Drake (rapper)|Drake]] * [[Chris Brown]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Juelz Santana]] * [[Nicki Minaj]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[T.I.]] * [[T-Pain]] * [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] }} | website = }} '''Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr.''' (born 27 September 1982), kent bi his [[stage name]] '''Lil Wayne''', is an American [[rappin|rapper]], sangwriter, producer, an entrepreneur frae [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. == Albums == * Tha Block Is Hot (1999) * Lights Out (2000) * 500 Degreez (2002) * Tha Carter (2004) * Tha Carter II (2005) * Tha Carter III (2008) * Rebirth (2010) * I Am Not a Human Being (2010) * Tha Carter IV (2011) * I Am Not a Human Being II (2013) * Free Weezy Album (2015) * Tha Carter V (2018) * Funeral (2020) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lil Wayne}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:African-American business executives]] [[Category:African-American Catholics]] [[Category:African-American male actors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangwriters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:American businessfowk convictit o crimes]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o drug offenses]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American shuitin survivors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Award-winnin airtists]] [[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]] [[Category:Rappers frae New Orleans, Louisiana]] [[Category:Republic Records airtists]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Soothern hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Varsity o Phoenix alumni]] [[Category:Warld Muisic Awairds winners]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] frn4ibfhjf2iq28ixe1fr7hlagfqgra 918660 918659 2026-06-23T11:33:42Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Lil Wayne in Concert.jpg | caption = Lil Wayne performin in March 2011 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1982|09|27}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 20–27, 2013|year=2013|issue=1277/1278|page=36}}</ref> | alias = Shrimp Daddy,<ref name="complexlil">{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |title=He went by the names Shrimp Daddy and Baby D before Lil Wayne. — 40 Things You Didn't Know About Lil Wayne |publisher=Complex |date=2013-01-03 |accessdate=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208225051/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theboombox.com/lil-wayne-reveals-initial-rap-name-was-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne Reveals Initial Rap Name Was Shrimp Daddy |publisher=Theboombox.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2011/04/lil-wayne-as-the-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne as the Shrimp Daddy - XXL |publisher=Xxlmag.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> Baby D<ref name="complexlil"/> | origin = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], U.S. | genre = [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] | occupation = {{flatlist | * Rapper * songwriter * producer * entrepreneur }} | years_active = 1994–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[The B.G.'z]] * [[Cash Money Millionaires]] * [[Hot Boys]] * Squad Up * [[Young Money]] * [[2 Chainz]] * [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] * [[Drake (rapper)|Drake]] * [[Chris Brown]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Juelz Santana]] * [[Nicki Minaj]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[T.I.]] * [[T-Pain]] * [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] }} | website = }} '''Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr.''' (born 27 September 1982), kent bi his [[stage name]] '''Lil Wayne''', is an American [[rappin|rapper]], sangwriter, producer, an entrepreneur frae [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. == Discography == * ''Tha Block Is Hot'' (1999) * ''Lights Out'' (2000) * ''500 Degreez'' (2002) * ''Tha Carter'' (2004) * ''Tha Carter II'' (2005) * ''Tha Carter III'' (2008) * ''Rebirth'' (2010) * ''I Am Not a Human Being'' (2010) * ''Tha Carter IV'' (2011) * ''I Am Not a Human Being II'' (2013) * ''Free Weezy Album'' (2015) * ''Tha Carter V'' (2018) * ''Funeral'' (2020) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lil Wayne}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:African-American business executives]] [[Category:African-American Catholics]] [[Category:African-American male actors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangwriters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:American businessfowk convictit o crimes]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o drug offenses]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American shuitin survivors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Award-winnin airtists]] [[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]] [[Category:Rappers frae New Orleans, Louisiana]] [[Category:Republic Records airtists]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Soothern hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Varsity o Phoenix alumni]] [[Category:Warld Muisic Awairds winners]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] k7vq7y17qziok7vc7vj10oktt7llxgx 918661 918660 2026-06-23T11:34:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Lil Wayne in Concert.jpg | caption = Lil Wayne performin in Mairch 2011 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1982|09|27}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 20–27, 2013|year=2013|issue=1277/1278|page=36}}</ref> | alias = Shrimp Daddy,<ref name="complexlil">{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |title=He went by the names Shrimp Daddy and Baby D before Lil Wayne. — 40 Things You Didn't Know About Lil Wayne |publisher=Complex |date=2013-01-03 |accessdate=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208225051/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theboombox.com/lil-wayne-reveals-initial-rap-name-was-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne Reveals Initial Rap Name Was Shrimp Daddy |publisher=Theboombox.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2011/04/lil-wayne-as-the-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne as the Shrimp Daddy - XXL |publisher=Xxlmag.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> Baby D<ref name="complexlil"/> | origin = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], U.S. | genre = [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] | occupation = {{flatlist | * Rapper * sangwriter * producer * entrepreneur }} | years_active = 1994–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[The B.G.'z]] * [[Cash Money Millionaires]] * [[Hot Boys]] * Squad Up * [[Young Money]] * [[2 Chainz]] * [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] * [[Drake (rapper)|Drake]] * [[Chris Brown]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Juelz Santana]] * [[Nicki Minaj]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[T.I.]] * [[T-Pain]] * [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] }} | website = }} '''Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr.''' (born 27 September 1982), kent bi his [[stage name]] '''Lil Wayne''', is an American [[rappin|rapper]], sangwriter, producer, an entrepreneur frae [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. == Discography == * ''Tha Block Is Hot'' (1999) * ''Lights Out'' (2000) * ''500 Degreez'' (2002) * ''Tha Carter'' (2004) * ''Tha Carter II'' (2005) * ''Tha Carter III'' (2008) * ''Rebirth'' (2010) * ''I Am Not a Human Being'' (2010) * ''Tha Carter IV'' (2011) * ''I Am Not a Human Being II'' (2013) * ''Free Weezy Album'' (2015) * ''Tha Carter V'' (2018) * ''Funeral'' (2020) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lil Wayne}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:African-American business executives]] [[Category:African-American Catholics]] [[Category:African-American male actors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangwriters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:American businessfowk convictit o crimes]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o drug offenses]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American shuitin survivors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Award-winnin airtists]] [[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]] [[Category:Rappers frae New Orleans, Louisiana]] [[Category:Republic Records airtists]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Soothern hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Varsity o Phoenix alumni]] [[Category:Warld Muisic Awairds winners]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] 3xebscuaf4a4031ke3jpk8e2kgo2pdj 0 88795 918599 914948 2026-06-22T22:09:57Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenits<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the second instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham City. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the city frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] fsmpeqdg78klq5sce0axbg8fl0xhz57 918600 918599 2026-06-22T22:32:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenits<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} to {{abbr|R|right}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] gqy4kam7kvti0akkwuaooi8jhf6okde 918601 918600 2026-06-22T22:33:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenits<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] czcedw8plgsr5y1js7w58d4h9sehxev 918602 918601 2026-06-22T22:34:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] em2lbw76r26eqdpedlgmi25zsqe6ixh 918603 918602 2026-06-22T23:00:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. == Plot == A gang o criminals rob a mafia-awned bank in Gotham Ceety, betrayin an killin ilk ither till the sole survivor, the Joker, reveals himsel as the mastermynd an escapes wi the money. The vigilante Batman, destrict attorney Harvey Dent, an polis lieutenant Jim Gordon ally tae eliminate Gotham's organised crime. Batman's true identity, the billionaire Bruce Wayne, publicly supports Dent as Gotham's legitimate protector, believin Dent's success will allou him tae retire as Batman an romantically pursue his bairnheid freend Rachel Dawes—in maugre o her bein wi Dent. Gotham's mafia bosses gaither tae discuss protectin thair organisations frae the Joker, the polis, an Batman. The Joker interrupts the meetin an offers tae kill Batman fur hauf o the fortune thair accoontant, Lau, concealed afore fleein tae Hong Kong tae avoid extradition. Wi the help o Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox, Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong an returns him tae the custody o the Gotham polis. His testimony enables Dent tae apprehend the crime faimilies. The bosses accept the Joker's offer, an he kills heich-profile targets involvit in the trial, includin the judge an polis commissioner Gillian Loeb. Awthou Gordon saves the mayor, the Joker threatens that his attacks will continue till Batman reveals his identity. He targets Dent at a fundraisin dinner an throws Rachel oot o a windae, but Batman rescues her. Bruce struggles tae unnerstaund the Joker's motives, tae that his butler Alfred Pennyworth says that "sum men jist want tae watch the warld burn." Dent claims he is Batman tae lure the Joker oot, wha attacks the polis convoy transportin Dent. Batman an Gordon apprehend the Joker, an Gordon is promotit tae commissioner. At the polis station, Batman interrogates the Joker, wha says he finds Batman entertainin an haes nae intention o killin him. Haein deducit Batman's feelins fur Rachel, the Joker reveals she an Dent are bein held separately in biggins riggit tae explode. Batman races tae rescue Rachel whiles Gordon an the ither officers gae efter Dent, but thay diskiver the Joker haes gien thair poseetions in reverse. The explosives detonate, killin Rachel an severely burnin Dent's face on ane side. The Joker escapes custody, extracts the fortune's location frae Lau, an burns it, killin Lau in the process. Coleman Reese, a consultant fur Wayne Enterprises, deduces an tries tae expose Batman's identity, but the Joker threatens tae blow up a hospital unless Reese is killt. Whiles the polis evacuate hospitals an Gordon struggles tae keep Reese alive, the Joker meets wi a disillusioned Dent, persuadin him tae tak the law intae his awn haunds an avenge Rachel. Dent defers his decision-makin tae his nou hauf-scarred, twa-heidit coin, killin the corrupt officers an the mafia involvit in Rachel's daith. As panic grips the ceety, the Joker reveals that twa evacuation ferries, ane carryin ceevilians an the ither prisoners, are riggit tae explode at midnicht unless ane group sacrifices the ither. Tae the Joker's disbelief, the passengers refuse tae kill ane anither. Batman subdues the Joker but refuses tae kill him. Afore the polis arrest the Joker, he says that awthou Batman proved incorruptible, his plan tae corrupt Dent haes succeedit. Dent taks Gordon's faimily hostage, blamin his negligence fur Rachel's daith. He flips his coin tae decide thair fates, but Batman tackles him tae save Gordon's son, an Dent faws tae his daith. Believin Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the truith o his corruption will hairm Gotham, Batman taks the blame fur his daith an actions, persuadin Gordon tae conceal the truith. Alfred burns an undelivered letter frae Rachel tae Bruce that says she chose Dent, an Fox destroys the invasive surveillance netwirk that helped Batman find the Joker. The city mourns Dent as a hero, an the polis launch a manhunt fur Batman. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] lk2gea3gsqujlqu8jtj8fgbxssrd2kp 918604 918603 2026-06-22T23:25:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. == Plot == A gang o criminals rob a mafia-awned bank in Gotham Ceety, betrayin an killin ilk ither till the sole survivor, the Joker, reveals himsel as the mastermynd an escapes wi the money. The vigilante Batman, destrict attorney Harvey Dent, an polis lieutenant Jim Gordon ally tae eliminate Gotham's organised crime. Batman's true identity, the billionaire Bruce Wayne, publicly supports Dent as Gotham's legitimate protector, believin Dent's success will allou him tae retire as Batman an romantically pursue his bairnheid freend Rachel Dawes—in maugre o her bein wi Dent. Gotham's mafia bosses gaither tae discuss protectin thair organisations frae the Joker, the polis, an Batman. The Joker interrupts the meetin an offers tae kill Batman fur hauf o the fortune thair accoontant, Lau, concealed afore fleein tae Hong Kong tae avoid extradition. Wi the help o Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox, Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong an returns him tae the custody o the Gotham polis. His testimony enables Dent tae apprehend the crime faimilies. The bosses accept the Joker's offer, an he kills heich-profile targets involvit in the trial, includin the judge an polis commissioner Gillian Loeb. Awthou Gordon saves the mayor, the Joker threatens that his attacks will continue till Batman reveals his identity. He targets Dent at a fundraisin dinner an throws Rachel oot o a windae, but Batman rescues her. Bruce struggles tae unnerstaund the Joker's motives, tae that his butler Alfred Pennyworth says that "sum men jist want tae watch the warld burn." Dent claims he is Batman tae lure the Joker oot, wha attacks the polis convoy transportin Dent. Batman an Gordon apprehend the Joker, an Gordon is promotit tae commissioner. At the polis station, Batman interrogates the Joker, wha says he finds Batman entertainin an haes nae intention o killin him. Haein deducit Batman's feelins fur Rachel, the Joker reveals she an Dent are bein held separately in biggins riggit tae explode. Batman races tae rescue Rachel whiles Gordon an the ither officers gae efter Dent, but thay diskiver the Joker haes gien thair poseetions in reverse. The explosives detonate, killin Rachel an severely burnin Dent's face on ane side. The Joker escapes custody, extracts the fortune's location frae Lau, an burns it, killin Lau in the process. Coleman Reese, a consultant fur Wayne Enterprises, deduces an tries tae expose Batman's identity, but the Joker threatens tae blow up a hospital unless Reese is killt. Whiles the polis evacuate hospitals an Gordon struggles tae keep Reese alive, the Joker meets wi a disillusioned Dent, persuadin him tae tak the law intae his awn haunds an avenge Rachel. Dent defers his decision-makin tae his nou hauf-scarred, twa-heidit coin, killin the corrupt officers an the mafia involvit in Rachel's daith. As panic grips the ceety, the Joker reveals that twa evacuation ferries, ane carryin ceevilians an the ither prisoners, are riggit tae explode at midnicht unless ane group sacrifices the ither. Tae the Joker's disbelief, the passengers refuse tae kill ane anither. Batman subdues the Joker but refuses tae kill him. Afore the polis arrest the Joker, he says that awthou Batman proved incorruptible, his plan tae corrupt Dent haes succeedit. Dent taks Gordon's faimily hostage, blamin his negligence fur Rachel's daith. He flips his coin tae decide thair fates, but Batman tackles him tae save Gordon's son, an Dent faws tae his daith. Believin Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the truith o his corruption will hairm Gotham, Batman taks the blame fur his daith an actions, persuadin Gordon tae conceal the truith. Alfred burns an undelivered letter frae Rachel tae Bruce that says she chose Dent, an Fox destroys the invasive surveillance netwirk that helped Batman find the Joker. The city mourns Dent as a hero, an the polis launch a manhunt fur Batman. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. == Production == === Development === Follaein the creetical an financial success o ''Batman Begins'' (2005), the film studio Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel. Awthou ''Batman Begins'' ends wi a scene in that Batman is presentit wi a joker pleyin caird, teasin the introduction o his archenemy, the Joker, Christopher Nolan did nae intend tae makkit a sequel an wis unsure ''Batman Begins'' wad be successfu eneuch tae warrant ane. Nolan, alangside his wife an langtime producer Emma Thomas, haed niver wirkit on a sequel film but he an co-writer David Goyer discussed ideas fur a sequel durin filmin. Goyer developit an ootline fur twa sequels, but Nolan remeened unsure hou tae continue the ''Batman Begins'' narrative whiles keepin it consistent an relevant, thou he wis interestit in uisin the Joker in ''Begins''<nowiki/>'s groondit, realistic style. Collogues atween Warner Bros. Pictures an Nolan begoud shortly efter ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>'s theatrical lowse, an development begoud follaein the production o Nolan's ''The Prestige'' (2006). === Writin === Goyer an Christopher Nolan collaboratit fur three month tae develop ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s core plot pynts. Thay wantit tae splore the theme o escalation an the idea that Batman's extraordinary efforts tae combat common crimes wad lead tae an opposin escalation bi criminals, attractin the Joker, wha uises terrorism as a wappen. The joker pleyin caird scene in ''Batman Begins'' wis intendit tae convey the fallacy o Batman's belief his war on crime wad be temporary. Goyer an Nolan did nae intentionally include real-warld parallels tae terrorism, the war on terror, an laws enactit tae combat terrorists bi the Unitit States govrenment acause thay believed makin owertly poleetical statements wad detract frae the story. Thay wantit it tae resonate wi an refleck contemporary audiences. Nolan descrieved ''The Dark Knight'' as representative o his awn "fear o anarchy" an Joker represents "somebody wha wants tae jist tear doun the warld aroond him." Awthou he wis a fan o ''Batman'' (1989), starnin Jack Nicholson as the Joker, Goyer did nae consider Nicholson's portrayal scary an wantit ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s Joker tae be an unkenable, awready-formit chairacter, seemilar tae the shairk in ''Jaws'' (1975), wioot a "cliché" oreegin story. Nolan an Goyer did nae gie thair Joker an oreegin story or a narrative arc, believin it makkit the chairacter scarier; Nolan descrieved thair film as the "rise o the Joker". Thay felt the threat o cinematic villains sic as Hannibal Lecter an Darth Vader haed been unnermined bi subsequent films depictin thair oreegins. Wi the help o his brither Christopher, Jonathan Nolan spent sax month developin the story intae a draucht screenpley. Efter submittin the draucht tae Warner Bros., Jonathan spent a further twa month refinin it till Christopher haed finished directin ''The Prestige''. The brithers collaboratit on the final script ower the nixt sax month durin pre-production fur ''The Dark Knight''. Jonathan foond the "poignant" endin tae be the script's maist interestin aspect; it haed always depictit Batman fleein frae polis but wis chynged frae him leapin across ruiftaps tae escapin on the Batpod, his motorcycle-lik vehicle. The dialogue Jonathan considered maist important, "ye aither dee a hero or ye live lang eneuch tae see yersel become the villain", cam late in development. Influenced bi films sic as ''The Godfather'' (1972) an ''Heat'' (1995), an maintainin the tone o ''Batman Begins'', thair finished script bore mair resemblance tae a crime drama nor a tradeetional superhero film. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] 4f30u28qo6idcz6wgwf82jrf9914tuu 918605 918604 2026-06-22T23:36:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. == Plot == A gang o criminals rob a mafia-awned bank in Gotham Ceety, betrayin an killin ilk ither till the sole survivor, the Joker, reveals himsel as the mastermynd an escapes wi the money. The vigilante Batman, destrict attorney Harvey Dent, an polis lieutenant Jim Gordon ally tae eliminate Gotham's organised crime. Batman's true identity, the billionaire Bruce Wayne, publicly supports Dent as Gotham's legitimate protector, believin Dent's success will allou him tae retire as Batman an romantically pursue his bairnheid freend Rachel Dawes—in maugre o her bein wi Dent. Gotham's mafia bosses gaither tae discuss protectin thair organisations frae the Joker, the polis, an Batman. The Joker interrupts the meetin an offers tae kill Batman fur hauf o the fortune thair accoontant, Lau, concealed afore fleein tae Hong Kong tae avoid extradition. Wi the help o Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox, Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong an returns him tae the custody o the Gotham polis. His testimony enables Dent tae apprehend the crime faimilies. The bosses accept the Joker's offer, an he kills heich-profile targets involvit in the trial, includin the judge an polis commissioner Gillian Loeb. Awthou Gordon saves the mayor, the Joker threatens that his attacks will continue till Batman reveals his identity. He targets Dent at a fundraisin dinner an throws Rachel oot o a windae, but Batman rescues her. Bruce struggles tae unnerstaund the Joker's motives, tae that his butler Alfred Pennyworth says that "sum men jist want tae watch the warld burn." Dent claims he is Batman tae lure the Joker oot, wha attacks the polis convoy transportin Dent. Batman an Gordon apprehend the Joker, an Gordon is promotit tae commissioner. At the polis station, Batman interrogates the Joker, wha says he finds Batman entertainin an haes nae intention o killin him. Haein deducit Batman's feelins fur Rachel, the Joker reveals she an Dent are bein held separately in biggins riggit tae explode. Batman races tae rescue Rachel whiles Gordon an the ither officers gae efter Dent, but thay diskiver the Joker haes gien thair poseetions in reverse. The explosives detonate, killin Rachel an severely burnin Dent's face on ane side. The Joker escapes custody, extracts the fortune's location frae Lau, an burns it, killin Lau in the process. Coleman Reese, a consultant fur Wayne Enterprises, deduces an tries tae expose Batman's identity, but the Joker threatens tae blow up a hospital unless Reese is killt. Whiles the polis evacuate hospitals an Gordon struggles tae keep Reese alive, the Joker meets wi a disillusioned Dent, persuadin him tae tak the law intae his awn haunds an avenge Rachel. Dent defers his decision-makin tae his nou hauf-scarred, twa-heidit coin, killin the corrupt officers an the mafia involvit in Rachel's daith. As panic grips the ceety, the Joker reveals that twa evacuation ferries, ane carryin ceevilians an the ither prisoners, are riggit tae explode at midnicht unless ane group sacrifices the ither. Tae the Joker's disbelief, the passengers refuse tae kill ane anither. Batman subdues the Joker but refuses tae kill him. Afore the polis arrest the Joker, he says that awthou Batman proved incorruptible, his plan tae corrupt Dent haes succeedit. Dent taks Gordon's faimily hostage, blamin his negligence fur Rachel's daith. He flips his coin tae decide thair fates, but Batman tackles him tae save Gordon's son, an Dent faws tae his daith. Believin Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the truith o his corruption will hairm Gotham, Batman taks the blame fur his daith an actions, persuadin Gordon tae conceal the truith. Alfred burns an undelivered letter frae Rachel tae Bruce that says she chose Dent, an Fox destroys the invasive surveillance netwirk that helped Batman find the Joker. The city mourns Dent as a hero, an the polis launch a manhunt fur Batman. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. == Production == === Development === Follaein the creetical an financial success o ''Batman Begins'' (2005), the film studio Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel. Awthou ''Batman Begins'' ends wi a scene in that Batman is presentit wi a joker pleyin caird, teasin the introduction o his archenemy, the Joker, Christopher Nolan did nae intend tae makkit a sequel an wis unsure ''Batman Begins'' wad be successfu eneuch tae warrant ane. Nolan, alangside his wife an langtime producer Emma Thomas, haed niver wirkit on a sequel film but he an co-writer David Goyer discussed ideas fur a sequel durin filmin. Goyer developit an ootline fur twa sequels, but Nolan remeened unsure hou tae continue the ''Batman Begins'' narrative whiles keepin it consistent an relevant, thou he wis interestit in uisin the Joker in ''Begins''<nowiki/>'s groondit, realistic style. Collogues atween Warner Bros. Pictures an Nolan begoud shortly efter ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>'s theatrical lowse, an development begoud follaein the production o Nolan's ''The Prestige'' (2006). === Writin === Goyer an Christopher Nolan collaboratit fur three month tae develop ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s core plot pynts. Thay wantit tae splore the theme o escalation an the idea that Batman's extraordinary efforts tae combat common crimes wad lead tae an opposin escalation bi criminals, attractin the Joker, wha uises terrorism as a wappen. The joker pleyin caird scene in ''Batman Begins'' wis intendit tae convey the fallacy o Batman's belief his war on crime wad be temporary. Goyer an Nolan did nae intentionally include real-warld parallels tae terrorism, the war on terror, an laws enactit tae combat terrorists bi the Unitit States govrenment acause thay believed makin owertly poleetical statements wad detract frae the story. Thay wantit it tae resonate wi an refleck contemporary audiences. Nolan descrieved ''The Dark Knight'' as representative o his awn "fear o anarchy" an Joker represents "somebody wha wants tae jist tear doun the warld aroond him." Awthou he wis a fan o ''Batman'' (1989), starnin Jack Nicholson as the Joker, Goyer did nae consider Nicholson's portrayal scary an wantit ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s Joker tae be an unkenable, awready-formit chairacter, seemilar tae the shairk in ''Jaws'' (1975), wioot a "cliché" oreegin story. Nolan an Goyer did nae gie thair Joker an oreegin story or a narrative arc, believin it makkit the chairacter scarier; Nolan descrieved thair film as the "rise o the Joker". Thay felt the threat o cinematic villains sic as Hannibal Lecter an Darth Vader haed been unnermined bi subsequent films depictin thair oreegins. Wi the help o his brither Christopher, Jonathan Nolan spent sax month developin the story intae a draucht screenpley. Efter submittin the draucht tae Warner Bros., Jonathan spent a further twa month refinin it till Christopher haed finished directin ''The Prestige''. The brithers collaboratit on the final script ower the nixt sax month durin pre-production fur ''The Dark Knight''. Jonathan foond the "poignant" endin tae be the script's maist interestin aspect; it haed aye depictit Batman fleein frae polis but wis chynged frae him leapin across ruiftaps tae escapin on the Batpod, his motorcycle-lik vehicle. The dialogue Jonathan considered maist important, "ye aither dee a hero or ye live lang eneuch tae see yersel become the villain", cam late in development. Influenced bi films sic as ''The Godfather'' (1972) an ''Heat'' (1995), an maintainin the tone o ''Batman Begins'', thair finished script bore mair resemblance tae a crime drama nor a tradeetional superhero film. Comic-beuk influences includit writer Frank Miller's 1980s wirks, that portray chairacters in a serious tone, an the limitit series ''Batman: The Long Halloween'' (1996–1997), that splores the relationship atween Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Dent wis written as ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s central chairacter, servin as the centre o the battle atween Batman, wha believes Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the Joker, wha wants tae prove even the maist richteous fowk can be corruptit. Christopher said the title refers tae Dent as muckle as Batman. He considered Dent as haein a duality seemilar tae Batman's, providin interestin dramatic potential. Focusin on Dent meant Bruce Wayne / Batman wis written as a generally static chairacter wha did nae unnergo drastic chairacter development. Christopher foond writin the Joker the easiest aspect o the script. The Nolans identifee'd the traits common tae his media incarnations an wur influenced bi the character's comic-beuk appearances as weel as the villain Dr. Mabuse frae the films o Fritz Lang. Writer Alan Moore's graphic novelle, ''Batman: The Killing Joke'' (1988), did nae influence the main narrative but Christopher believed his interpretation o the Joker as someane pairtially driven tae prove anyone can become lik him whan pushed far eneuch helped the Nolans gie purpose tae an "inherently purposeless" chairacter. The Joker wis written as a purely evil psychopath an anarchist wha lacks raison, logic, an fear, an coud test the moral an ethical limits o Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Christopher an Jonathan later realised thay haed inadvertently written thair version seemilarly tae Joker's furst appearance in ''Batman'' #1 (1940). The final scene, in that the Joker states he ad Batman are destined tae battle forever, wis nae intendit tae tease a sequel but tae convey that the diametrically opponed pair wur in an endless conflict acause thay will nae kill ilk ither. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] eet5w9skba5lbwhbpfm4hitbel9utpu 918606 918605 2026-06-22T23:39:12Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 /* Writin */ 918606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. == Plot == A gang o criminals rob a mafia-awned bank in Gotham Ceety, betrayin an killin ilk ither till the sole survivor, the Joker, reveals himsel as the mastermynd an escapes wi the money. The vigilante Batman, destrict attorney Harvey Dent, an polis lieutenant Jim Gordon ally tae eliminate Gotham's organised crime. Batman's true identity, the billionaire Bruce Wayne, publicly supports Dent as Gotham's legitimate protector, believin Dent's success will allou him tae retire as Batman an romantically pursue his bairnheid freend Rachel Dawes—in maugre o her bein wi Dent. Gotham's mafia bosses gaither tae discuss protectin thair organisations frae the Joker, the polis, an Batman. The Joker interrupts the meetin an offers tae kill Batman fur hauf o the fortune thair accoontant, Lau, concealed afore fleein tae Hong Kong tae avoid extradition. Wi the help o Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox, Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong an returns him tae the custody o the Gotham polis. His testimony enables Dent tae apprehend the crime faimilies. The bosses accept the Joker's offer, an he kills heich-profile targets involvit in the trial, includin the judge an polis commissioner Gillian Loeb. Awthou Gordon saves the mayor, the Joker threatens that his attacks will continue till Batman reveals his identity. He targets Dent at a fundraisin dinner an throws Rachel oot o a windae, but Batman rescues her. Bruce struggles tae unnerstaund the Joker's motives, tae that his butler Alfred Pennyworth says that "sum men jist want tae watch the warld burn." Dent claims he is Batman tae lure the Joker oot, wha attacks the polis convoy transportin Dent. Batman an Gordon apprehend the Joker, an Gordon is promotit tae commissioner. At the polis station, Batman interrogates the Joker, wha says he finds Batman entertainin an haes nae intention o killin him. Haein deducit Batman's feelins fur Rachel, the Joker reveals she an Dent are bein held separately in biggins riggit tae explode. Batman races tae rescue Rachel whiles Gordon an the ither officers gae efter Dent, but thay diskiver the Joker haes gien thair poseetions in reverse. The explosives detonate, killin Rachel an severely burnin Dent's face on ane side. The Joker escapes custody, extracts the fortune's location frae Lau, an burns it, killin Lau in the process. Coleman Reese, a consultant fur Wayne Enterprises, deduces an tries tae expose Batman's identity, but the Joker threatens tae blow up a hospital unless Reese is killt. Whiles the polis evacuate hospitals an Gordon struggles tae keep Reese alive, the Joker meets wi a disillusioned Dent, persuadin him tae tak the law intae his awn haunds an avenge Rachel. Dent defers his decision-makin tae his nou hauf-scarred, twa-heidit coin, killin the corrupt officers an the mafia involvit in Rachel's daith. As panic grips the ceety, the Joker reveals that twa evacuation ferries, ane carryin ceevilians an the ither prisoners, are riggit tae explode at midnicht unless ane group sacrifices the ither. Tae the Joker's disbelief, the passengers refuse tae kill ane anither. Batman subdues the Joker but refuses tae kill him. Afore the polis arrest the Joker, he says that awthou Batman proved incorruptible, his plan tae corrupt Dent haes succeedit. Dent taks Gordon's faimily hostage, blamin his negligence fur Rachel's daith. He flips his coin tae decide thair fates, but Batman tackles him tae save Gordon's son, an Dent faws tae his daith. Believin Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the truith o his corruption will hairm Gotham, Batman taks the blame fur his daith an actions, persuadin Gordon tae conceal the truith. Alfred burns an undelivered letter frae Rachel tae Bruce that says she chose Dent, an Fox destroys the invasive surveillance netwirk that helped Batman find the Joker. The city mourns Dent as a hero, an the polis launch a manhunt fur Batman. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. == Production == === Development === Follaein the creetical an financial success o ''Batman Begins'' (2005), the film studio Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel. Awthou ''Batman Begins'' ends wi a scene in that Batman is presentit wi a joker pleyin caird, teasin the introduction o his archenemy, the Joker, Christopher Nolan did nae intend tae makkit a sequel an wis unsure ''Batman Begins'' wad be successfu eneuch tae warrant ane. Nolan, alangside his wife an langtime producer Emma Thomas, haed niver wirkit on a sequel film but he an co-writer David Goyer discussed ideas fur a sequel durin filmin. Goyer developit an ootline fur twa sequels, but Nolan remeened unsure hou tae continue the ''Batman Begins'' narrative whiles keepin it consistent an relevant, thou he wis interestit in uisin the Joker in ''Begins''<nowiki/>'s groondit, realistic style. Collogues atween Warner Bros. Pictures an Nolan begoud shortly efter ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>'s theatrical lowse, an development begoud follaein the production o Nolan's ''The Prestige'' (2006). === Writin === {{multiple image | total_width = 350 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = Director an writer [[Christopher Nolan]] (2018), an co-writer [[Jonathan Nolan]] (2019) | image1 = Christopher Nolan Cannes 2018.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christopher Nolan | image2 = Jonathan Nolan by Gage Skidmore.jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Jonathan Nolan }} Goyer an Christopher Nolan collaboratit fur three month tae develop ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s core plot pynts. Thay wantit tae splore the theme o escalation an the idea that Batman's extraordinary efforts tae combat common crimes wad lead tae an opposin escalation bi criminals, attractin the Joker, wha uises terrorism as a wappen. The joker pleyin caird scene in ''Batman Begins'' wis intendit tae convey the fallacy o Batman's belief his war on crime wad be temporary. Goyer an Nolan did nae intentionally include real-warld parallels tae terrorism, the war on terror, an laws enactit tae combat terrorists bi the Unitit States govrenment acause thay believed makin owertly poleetical statements wad detract frae the story. Thay wantit it tae resonate wi an refleck contemporary audiences. Nolan descrieved ''The Dark Knight'' as representative o his awn "fear o anarchy" an Joker represents "somebody wha wants tae jist tear doun the warld aroond him." Awthou he wis a fan o ''Batman'' (1989), starnin Jack Nicholson as the Joker, Goyer did nae consider Nicholson's portrayal scary an wantit ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s Joker tae be an unkenable, awready-formit chairacter, seemilar tae the shairk in ''Jaws'' (1975), wioot a "cliché" oreegin story. Nolan an Goyer did nae gie thair Joker an oreegin story or a narrative arc, believin it makkit the chairacter scarier; Nolan descrieved thair film as the "rise o the Joker". Thay felt the threat o cinematic villains sic as Hannibal Lecter an Darth Vader haed been unnermined bi subsequent films depictin thair oreegins. Wi the help o his brither Christopher, Jonathan Nolan spent sax month developin the story intae a draucht screenpley. Efter submittin the draucht tae Warner Bros., Jonathan spent a further twa month refinin it till Christopher haed finished directin ''The Prestige''. The brithers collaboratit on the final script ower the nixt sax month durin pre-production fur ''The Dark Knight''. Jonathan foond the "poignant" endin tae be the script's maist interestin aspect; it haed aye depictit Batman fleein frae polis but wis chynged frae him leapin across ruiftaps tae escapin on the Batpod, his motorcycle-lik vehicle. The dialogue Jonathan considered maist important, "ye aither dee a hero or ye live lang eneuch tae see yersel become the villain", cam late in development. Influenced bi films sic as ''The Godfather'' (1972) an ''Heat'' (1995), an maintainin the tone o ''Batman Begins'', thair finished script bore mair resemblance tae a crime drama nor a tradeetional superhero film. Comic-beuk influences includit writer Frank Miller's 1980s wirks, that portray chairacters in a serious tone, an the limitit series ''Batman: The Long Halloween'' (1996–1997), that splores the relationship atween Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Dent wis written as ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s central chairacter, servin as the centre o the battle atween Batman, wha believes Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the Joker, wha wants tae prove even the maist richteous fowk can be corruptit. Christopher said the title refers tae Dent as muckle as Batman. He considered Dent as haein a duality seemilar tae Batman's, providin interestin dramatic potential. Focusin on Dent meant Bruce Wayne / Batman wis written as a generally static chairacter wha did nae unnergo drastic chairacter development. Christopher foond writin the Joker the easiest aspect o the script. The Nolans identifee'd the traits common tae his media incarnations an wur influenced bi the character's comic-beuk appearances as weel as the villain Dr. Mabuse frae the films o Fritz Lang. Writer Alan Moore's graphic novelle, ''Batman: The Killing Joke'' (1988), did nae influence the main narrative but Christopher believed his interpretation o the Joker as someane pairtially driven tae prove anyone can become lik him whan pushed far eneuch helped the Nolans gie purpose tae an "inherently purposeless" chairacter. The Joker wis written as a purely evil psychopath an anarchist wha lacks raison, logic, an fear, an coud test the moral an ethical limits o Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Christopher an Jonathan later realised thay haed inadvertently written thair version seemilarly tae Joker's furst appearance in ''Batman'' #1 (1940). The final scene, in that the Joker states he ad Batman are destined tae battle forever, wis nae intendit tae tease a sequel but tae convey that the diametrically opponed pair wur in an endless conflict acause thay will nae kill ilk ither. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] kwmsdtdro1mv1crpoe39ie9oq84k0s9 918607 918606 2026-06-22T23:59:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. == Plot == A gang o criminals rob a mafia-awned bank in Gotham Ceety, betrayin an killin ilk ither till the sole survivor, the Joker, reveals himsel as the mastermynd an escapes wi the money. The vigilante Batman, destrict attorney Harvey Dent, an polis lieutenant Jim Gordon ally tae eliminate Gotham's organised crime. Batman's true identity, the billionaire Bruce Wayne, publicly supports Dent as Gotham's legitimate protector, believin Dent's success will allou him tae retire as Batman an romantically pursue his bairnheid freend Rachel Dawes—in maugre o her bein wi Dent. Gotham's mafia bosses gaither tae discuss protectin thair organisations frae the Joker, the polis, an Batman. The Joker interrupts the meetin an offers tae kill Batman fur hauf o the fortune thair accoontant, Lau, concealed afore fleein tae Hong Kong tae avoid extradition. Wi the help o Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox, Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong an returns him tae the custody o the Gotham polis. His testimony enables Dent tae apprehend the crime faimilies. The bosses accept the Joker's offer, an he kills heich-profile targets involvit in the trial, includin the judge an polis commissioner Gillian Loeb. Awthou Gordon saves the mayor, the Joker threatens that his attacks will continue till Batman reveals his identity. He targets Dent at a fundraisin dinner an throws Rachel oot o a windae, but Batman rescues her. Bruce struggles tae unnerstaund the Joker's motives, tae that his butler Alfred Pennyworth says that "sum men jist want tae watch the warld burn." Dent claims he is Batman tae lure the Joker oot, wha attacks the polis convoy transportin Dent. Batman an Gordon apprehend the Joker, an Gordon is promotit tae commissioner. At the polis station, Batman interrogates the Joker, wha says he finds Batman entertainin an haes nae intention o killin him. Haein deducit Batman's feelins fur Rachel, the Joker reveals she an Dent are bein held separately in biggins riggit tae explode. Batman races tae rescue Rachel whiles Gordon an the ither officers gae efter Dent, but thay diskiver the Joker haes gien thair poseetions in reverse. The explosives detonate, killin Rachel an severely burnin Dent's face on ane side. The Joker escapes custody, extracts the fortune's location frae Lau, an burns it, killin Lau in the process. Coleman Reese, a consultant fur Wayne Enterprises, deduces an tries tae expose Batman's identity, but the Joker threatens tae blow up a hospital unless Reese is killt. Whiles the polis evacuate hospitals an Gordon struggles tae keep Reese alive, the Joker meets wi a disillusioned Dent, persuadin him tae tak the law intae his awn haunds an avenge Rachel. Dent defers his decision-makin tae his nou hauf-scarred, twa-heidit coin, killin the corrupt officers an the mafia involvit in Rachel's daith. As panic grips the ceety, the Joker reveals that twa evacuation ferries, ane carryin ceevilians an the ither prisoners, are riggit tae explode at midnicht unless ane group sacrifices the ither. Tae the Joker's disbelief, the passengers refuse tae kill ane anither. Batman subdues the Joker but refuses tae kill him. Afore the polis arrest the Joker, he says that awthou Batman proved incorruptible, his plan tae corrupt Dent haes succeedit. Dent taks Gordon's faimily hostage, blamin his negligence fur Rachel's daith. He flips his coin tae decide thair fates, but Batman tackles him tae save Gordon's son, an Dent faws tae his daith. Believin Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the truith o his corruption will hairm Gotham, Batman taks the blame fur his daith an actions, persuadin Gordon tae conceal the truith. Alfred burns an undelivered letter frae Rachel tae Bruce that says she chose Dent, an Fox destroys the invasive surveillance netwirk that helped Batman find the Joker. The city mourns Dent as a hero, an the polis launch a manhunt fur Batman. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (in 2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), and [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. == Production == === Development === Follaein the creetical an financial success o ''Batman Begins'' (2005), the film studio Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel. Awthou ''Batman Begins'' ends wi a scene in that Batman is presentit wi a joker pleyin caird, teasin the introduction o his archenemy, the Joker, Christopher Nolan did nae intend tae makkit a sequel an wis unsure ''Batman Begins'' wad be successfu eneuch tae warrant ane. Nolan, alangside his wife an langtime producer Emma Thomas, haed niver wirkit on a sequel film but he an co-writer David Goyer discussed ideas fur a sequel durin filmin. Goyer developit an ootline fur twa sequels, but Nolan remeened unsure hou tae continue the ''Batman Begins'' narrative whiles keepin it consistent an relevant, thou he wis interestit in uisin the Joker in ''Begins''<nowiki/>'s groondit, realistic style. Collogues atween Warner Bros. Pictures an Nolan begoud shortly efter ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>'s theatrical lowse, an development begoud follaein the production o Nolan's ''The Prestige'' (2006). === Writin === {{multiple image | total_width = 350 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = Director an writer [[Christopher Nolan]] (2018), an co-writer [[Jonathan Nolan]] (2019) | image1 = Christopher Nolan Cannes 2018.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christopher Nolan | image2 = Jonathan Nolan by Gage Skidmore.jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Jonathan Nolan }} Goyer an Christopher Nolan collaboratit fur three month tae develop ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s core plot pynts. Thay wantit tae splore the theme o escalation an the idea that Batman's extraordinary efforts tae combat common crimes wad lead tae an opposin escalation bi criminals, attractin the Joker, wha uises terrorism as a wappen. The joker pleyin caird scene in ''Batman Begins'' wis intendit tae convey the fallacy o Batman's belief his war on crime wad be temporary. Goyer an Nolan did nae intentionally include real-warld parallels tae terrorism, the war on terror, an laws enactit tae combat terrorists bi the Unitit States govrenment acause thay believed makin owertly poleetical statements wad detract frae the story. Thay wantit it tae resonate wi an refleck contemporary audiences. Nolan descrieved ''The Dark Knight'' as representative o his awn "fear o anarchy" an Joker represents "somebody wha wants tae jist tear doun the warld aroond him." Awthou he wis a fan o ''Batman'' (1989), starnin Jack Nicholson as the Joker, Goyer did nae consider Nicholson's portrayal scary an wantit ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s Joker tae be an unkenable, awready-formit chairacter, seemilar tae the shairk in ''Jaws'' (1975), wioot a "cliché" oreegin story. Nolan an Goyer did nae gie thair Joker an oreegin story or a narrative arc, believin it makkit the chairacter scarier; Nolan descrieved thair film as the "rise o the Joker". Thay felt the threat o cinematic villains sic as Hannibal Lecter an Darth Vader haed been unnermined bi subsequent films depictin thair oreegins. Wi the help o his brither Christopher, Jonathan Nolan spent sax month developin the story intae a draucht screenpley. Efter submittin the draucht tae Warner Bros., Jonathan spent a further twa month refinin it till Christopher haed finished directin ''The Prestige''. The brithers collaboratit on the final script ower the nixt sax month durin pre-production fur ''The Dark Knight''. Jonathan foond the "poignant" endin tae be the script's maist interestin aspect; it haed aye depictit Batman fleein frae polis but wis chynged frae him leapin across ruiftaps tae escapin on the Batpod, his motorcycle-lik vehicle. The dialogue Jonathan considered maist important, "ye aither dee a hero or ye live lang eneuch tae see yersel become the villain", cam late in development. Influenced bi films sic as ''The Godfather'' (1972) an ''Heat'' (1995), an maintainin the tone o ''Batman Begins'', thair finished script bore mair resemblance tae a crime drama nor a tradeetional superhero film. Comic-beuk influences includit writer Frank Miller's 1980s wirks, that portray chairacters in a serious tone, an the limitit series ''Batman: The Long Halloween'' (1996–1997), that splores the relationship atween Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Dent wis written as ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s central chairacter, servin as the centre o the battle atween Batman, wha believes Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the Joker, wha wants tae prove even the maist richteous fowk can be corruptit. Christopher said the title refers tae Dent as muckle as Batman. He considered Dent as haein a duality seemilar tae Batman's, providin interestin dramatic potential. Focusin on Dent meant Bruce Wayne / Batman wis written as a generally static chairacter wha did nae unnergo drastic chairacter development. Christopher foond writin the Joker the easiest aspect o the script. The Nolans identifee'd the traits common tae his media incarnations an wur influenced bi the character's comic-beuk appearances as weel as the villain Dr. Mabuse frae the films o Fritz Lang. Writer Alan Moore's graphic novelle, ''Batman: The Killing Joke'' (1988), did nae influence the main narrative but Christopher believed his interpretation o the Joker as someane pairtially driven tae prove anyone can become lik him whan pushed far eneuch helped the Nolans gie purpose tae an "inherently purposeless" chairacter. The Joker wis written as a purely evil psychopath an anarchist wha lacks raison, logic, an fear, an coud test the moral an ethical limits o Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Christopher an Jonathan later realised thay haed inadvertently written thair version seemilarly tae Joker's furst appearance in ''Batman'' #1 (1940). The final scene, in that the Joker states he ad Batman are destined tae battle forever, wis nae intendit tae tease a sequel but tae convey that the diametrically opponed pair wur in an endless conflict acause thay will nae kill ilk ither. ===Castin=== [[File:Maggie Gyllenhaal at the 82nd Academy Awards (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A photograph of Maggie Gyllenhaal|Maggie Gyllenhaal (2010) replaced Katie Holmes in the role of assistant district attorney Rachel Dawes.]] Descrievin hou his chairacter haed evolved frae ''Batman Begins'', Christian Bale said Wayne haed chynged frae a yung, naive, an angry man seekin purpose tae a hero wha is burdened bi the realisation his war against crime is seemingly endless. Acause the new Batsuit alloued him tae be mair agile, Bale did nae increase his muscle mass as muckle as he haed fur ''Batman Begins''. Nolan haed deliberately obscured combat in the aulder film acause it wis intendit tae portray Batman frae the criminals' pynt o view. The impruived Batsuit design let him shaw mair o Bale's Keysi-fechtin method trainin. Nolan wis aware that Nicholson's popular portrayal o the Joker wad invite comparisons tae his version, an wantit an actor wha coud cope wi the associatit scrutiny. Ledger's castin in August 2006 wis creeticised bi some industrie professionals an memmers o the public wha considered him inappropriate fur the role; executive producer Charles Roven said Ledger wis the anly person seriously considered, an that ''Batman Begins''{{'s}} positive reception wad help alleviate ony concerns. Nolan wis confident in the castin acause collogues atween himsel an Ledger haed demonstratit thay skared seemilar ideas regardin the Joker's portrayal. Ledger said he haed some trepidation in succeedin Nicholson in the role but that the challenge excitit him. He descrieved his interpretation as a "psychopathic, mass-murtherin, schizophrenic cloun wi zero empathy". He wis influenced bi Alex frae the crime film ''A Clockwork Orange'' (1971), an Breetish muisickers Johnny Rotten an Sid Vicious. Ledger spent aboot a month secludin himsel in a hottle ruim whiles readin relevant comic beuks. He developit the chairacter's vyce bi mixin a heich-pitch an low-pitch, that wis inspired bi ventriloquist performances. His fechtin style wis designed tae appear improvised an erratic. Ledger spent a further fower month creatin a "Joker diary" conteenin images an elements he believed wad resonate wi his chairacter, sic as findin the dishailth AIDS humorous. Descrievin his performance, Ledger said: "It's the maist fun a'v haed wi a chairacter an probably will iver hae{{nbsp}}... It wis an exhaustin process. At the end o the day, a couldna muive. A coulda tauk. A wis absolutely wreckit." In a November 2007 interview, Ledger said whan committin himsel tae ony role, he haed difficulty sleepin acause he coud nae relax his mynd, an aften slept anly twa oors a nicht durin filmin. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] ha5rjuasdkr52bra3svh653y2f183y1 918652 918607 2026-06-23T11:24:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name= The Dark Knight |image= Dark Knight.jpg |caption= Theatrical release poster |director= [[Christopher Nolan]] |producer= [[Emma Thomas]]<br/>[[Charles Roven]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |screenplay= [[Jonathan Nolan]]<br/>Christopher Nolan |story= Christopher Nolan<br/>[[David S. Goyer]] |based on= Chairacters appearin in comic beuks published bi [[DC Comics]] |starring= [[Christian Bale]]<br/>[[Michael Caine]]<br/>[[Heath Ledger]]<br/>[[Gary Oldman]]<br/>[[Aaron Eckhart]]<br/>[[Maggie Gyllenhaal]]<br/>[[Morgan Freeman]] |music= [[Hans Zimmer]]<br/>[[James Newton Howard]] |cinematography= [[Wally Pfister]] |editing= [[Lee Smith (editor)|Lee Smith]] |production companies= Warner Bros. Pictures<br/>[[Legendary Pictures]]<br/>[[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]] |distributor= [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |released= 14 Julie 2008 (New York Ceety)<br/>18 Julie 2008 (Unitit States)<br/>25 Julie 2008 (Unitit Kinrick) |runtime= 152 meenit<ref>{{cite news |title=THE DARK KNIGHT |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=December 13, 2014 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213154414/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/dark-knight-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |country= Unitit States<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55498 |title=The Dark Knight |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |accessdate= January 25, 2015}}</ref><br/>Unitit Kinrick<ref name="BFI">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |accessdate=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027190452/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c51eb38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |language= Inglis |budget= $185 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=The Dark Knight (2008) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=darkknight.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 19, 2009}}</ref> |gross= $1.005 billion<ref name="BOM"/> }} '''''The Dark Knight''''' (''{{lang-sco|The Derk Knicht}}'') is a 2008 [[superhero film]] directit bi [[Christopher Nolan]], frae a screenpley co-scrieved wi his brither [[Jonathan Nolan|Jonathan]]. Based on the [[DC Comics]] superhero [[Batman]], it is the sequel tae ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005), an the seicont instaament in [[The Dark Knight trilogy|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]. The plot follaes the vigilante [[Batman]], polis lieutenant James Gordon, an destrict attorney Harvey Dent, wha form an alliance tae dismantle [[organised crime]] in Gotham Ceety. Thair efforts are derailed bi the Joker, an anarchistic mastermind wha seeks tae test hou far Batman will gae tae hain the ceety frae chaos. The ensemble cast includes [[Christian Bale]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Heath Ledger]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]], an [[Morgan Freeman]]. Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel follaein the successfu reinvention o the ''Batman'' film series wi ''Batman Begins''. Christopher Nolan an ''Batman Begins'' co-writer David S. Goyer developit the story elements, makin Dent the central protagonist caucht up in the battle atween Batman an the Joker. In writin the screenpley, the Nolans wur influenced bi 1980s ''Batman'' comics an crime drama films, an soucht tae continue ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>' hichtened sense o realism. Frae Aprile tae November 2007, filmin teuk place wi a $185 million budget in Chicago an Hong Kong, an on sets in Ingland. ''The Dark Knight'' wis the furst major motion pictur tae be filmed wi heich-resolution IMAX cameras. Nolan avoidit uisin computer-generatit imagery unless necessary, insistin on practical stunts sic as flippin an 18-wheel larrie an blawin up a factory. ''The Dark Knight'' wis mercatit wi an innovative interactive viral campaign that initially focused on coonterin creeticism o Ledger's castin bi thaim wha believed he wis a peer chyce tae portray the Joker. Ledger dee'd frae an accidental prescription drog owerdose in Januar 2008, leadin tae widespreid interest frae the press an public regardin his performance. Whan it wis lowsed in Julie, ''The Dark Knight'' received acclaim fur its matur tone an themes, veesual style, an performances—pairticulairly that o Ledger, wha received mony posthumous awairds includin Academy, BAFTA, an Gowden Globe awairds fur Best Supportin Actor. This makkit ''The Dark Knight'' the furst comic-beuk film tae receive major actin awairds. It broke seevral box-office records an becam the heichest-grossin 2008 film, the fowert-heichest-grossin film tae that time, an the heichest-grossin superhero film o the time. Syne its lowse, ''The Dark Knight'' haes been assessed as ane o the mucklest superhero films iver, ane o the best films o the 2000s, an ane o the best films iver makkit. It is considered the "blueprent" fur mony modren superhero films, pairticulairly fur its rejection o a teepical comic-beuk film style in favor o a crime film that featurs comic-beuk chairacters. Mony filmmakers attemptit tae replicate its success bi adoptin a seemilarly gritty, realistic tone, thou wi uneven results. ''The Dark Knight'' haes been analysed fur its themes o terrorism an the limitations o morality an ethics. The Unitit States Librar o Congress selectit it fur preservation in the Naitional Film Registry in 2020. A sequel, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', concludit ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy in 2012. == Plot == A gang o criminals rob a mafia-awned bank in Gotham Ceety, betrayin an killin ilk ither till the sole survivor, the Joker, reveals himsel as the mastermynd an escapes wi the money. The vigilante Batman, destrict attorney Harvey Dent, an polis lieutenant Jim Gordon ally tae eliminate Gotham's organised crime. Batman's true identity, the billionaire Bruce Wayne, publicly supports Dent as Gotham's legitimate protector, believin Dent's success will allou him tae retire as Batman an romantically pursue his bairnheid freend Rachel Dawes—in maugre o her bein wi Dent. Gotham's mafia bosses gaither tae discuss protectin thair organisations frae the Joker, the polis, an Batman. The Joker interrupts the meetin an offers tae kill Batman fur hauf o the fortune thair accoontant, Lau, concealed afore fleein tae Hong Kong tae avoid extradition. Wi the help o Wayne Enterprises CEO Lucius Fox, Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong an returns him tae the custody o the Gotham polis. His testimony enables Dent tae apprehend the crime faimilies. The bosses accept the Joker's offer, an he kills heich-profile targets involvit in the trial, includin the judge an polis commissioner Gillian Loeb. Awthou Gordon saves the mayor, the Joker threatens that his attacks will continue till Batman reveals his identity. He targets Dent at a fundraisin dinner an throws Rachel oot o a windae, but Batman rescues her. Bruce struggles tae unnerstaund the Joker's motives, tae that his butler Alfred Pennyworth says that "sum men jist want tae watch the warld burn." Dent claims he is Batman tae lure the Joker oot, wha attacks the polis convoy transportin Dent. Batman an Gordon apprehend the Joker, an Gordon is promotit tae commissioner. At the polis station, Batman interrogates the Joker, wha says he finds Batman entertainin an haes nae intention o killin him. Haein deducit Batman's feelins fur Rachel, the Joker reveals she an Dent are bein held separately in biggins riggit tae explode. Batman races tae rescue Rachel whiles Gordon an the ither officers gae efter Dent, but thay diskiver the Joker haes gien thair poseetions in reverse. The explosives detonate, killin Rachel an severely burnin Dent's face on ane side. The Joker escapes custody, extracts the fortune's location frae Lau, an burns it, killin Lau in the process. Coleman Reese, a consultant fur Wayne Enterprises, deduces an tries tae expose Batman's identity, but the Joker threatens tae blow up a hospital unless Reese is killt. Whiles the polis evacuate hospitals an Gordon struggles tae keep Reese alive, the Joker meets wi a disillusioned Dent, persuadin him tae tak the law intae his awn haunds an avenge Rachel. Dent defers his decision-makin tae his nou hauf-scarred, twa-heidit coin, killin the corrupt officers an the mafia involvit in Rachel's daith. As panic grips the ceety, the Joker reveals that twa evacuation ferries, ane carryin ceevilians an the ither prisoners, are riggit tae explode at midnicht unless ane group sacrifices the ither. Tae the Joker's disbelief, the passengers refuse tae kill ane anither. Batman subdues the Joker but refuses tae kill him. Afore the polis arrest the Joker, he says that awthou Batman proved incorruptible, his plan tae corrupt Dent haes succeedit. Dent taks Gordon's faimily hostage, blamin his negligence fur Rachel's daith. He flips his coin tae decide thair fates, but Batman tackles him tae save Gordon's son, an Dent faws tae his daith. Believin Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the truith o his corruption will hairm Gotham, Batman taks the blame fur his daith an actions, persuadin Gordon tae conceal the truith. Alfred burns an undelivered letter frae Rachel tae Bruce that says she chose Dent, an Fox destroys the invasive surveillance netwirk that helped Batman find the Joker. The city mourns Dent as a hero, an the polis launch a manhunt fur Batman. ==Cast== {{multiple image | total_width = 500 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = ({{abbr|L|Left}} tae {{abbr|R|richt}}) [[Christian Bale]] (2019), [[Gary Oldman]] (2014), an [[Aaron Eckhart]] (2016) | image1 = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christian Bale | image2 = Gary Oldman (13925515511) (cropped).jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Gary Oldman | image3 = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | alt3 = A photograph o Aaron Eckhart }} * [[Christian Bale]] as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne / Batman]]: A wealthy socialite wha as a bairn wis traumatized bi his parents' murther. Wayne secretly operates as the heroic vigilante Batman. * [[Michael Caine]] as [[Alfred Pennyworth]]: Wayne's faither-feegur, trustit butler, an confidant. * [[Heath Ledger]] as the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]]: A criminal mastermynd an anarchist wha is determined tae sow chaos an corruption throuoot Gotham. * [[Gary Oldman]] as [[Commissioner Gordon|James Gordon]]: Ane o the honest officers in the [[Gotham Ceety Polis Depairtment]] (GCPD) wha assists Batman's war on crime. * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]]: Gotham's destrict attorney-turned-violent vigilante. * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as [[Rachel Dawes]]: Gotham's assistant destrict attorney an Wayne's bairnheid freend, wha is dividit atween her feelins fur him an fur Dent. * [[Morgan Freeman]] as [[Lucius Fox]]: Wayne Enterprises' CEO wha supplies technologie an equipment fur Batman's campaign. Addeetionally, [[Eric Roberts]], [[Michael Jai White]], an [[Ritchie Coster]] appear as [[crime boss]]es [[Sal Maroni]], Gambol, an the Chechen, respectively; whiles [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]] portrays Lau, a Cheenese criminal banker. The GCPD cast includes [[Colin McFarlane]] as commissioner [[Gillian B. Loeb]], [[Keith Szarabajka]] an [[Ron Dean]] as detectives Stephens an Wuertz, [[Monique Gabriela Curnen]] as detective Anna Ramirez an [[Philip Bulcock]] as Murphy. The cast forby featurs [[Joshua Harto]] as Coleman Reese, [[Anthony Michael Hall]] as news reporter Mike Engel, [[Néstor Carbonell]] as mayor Anthony Garcia, [[William Fichtner]] as a bank manager, Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Surrillo, [[Tommy Lister Jr.|Tom "Tiny" Lister Jr.]] as a prisoner, [[Beatrice Rosen]] as Wayne's Roushie ballerina date, an [[David Dastmalchian]] as the Joker's [[paranoid schizophrenic]] henchman Thomas Schiff. [[Melinda McGraw]], [[Nathan Gamble]], an Hannah Gunn portray Gordon's wife Barbara, his son [[James Gordon Jr.|James Jr.]], an his dochter, respectively. ''The Dark Knight'' featurs seevral cameo appearances frae [[Cillian Murphy]], wha reprises his role as [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow]] frae ''[[Batman Begins]]''; muisical performer [[Matt Skiba]]; as weel as [[Unitit States Senator]] an Batman fan [[Patrick Leahy]], wha haes kythed in or vyced chairacters in ither ''Batman'' media. == Production == === Development === Follaein the creetical an financial success o ''Batman Begins'' (2005), the film studio Warner Bros. Pictures prioritized a sequel. Awthou ''Batman Begins'' ends wi a scene in that Batman is presentit wi a joker pleyin caird, teasin the introduction o his archenemy, the Joker, Christopher Nolan did nae intend tae makkit a sequel an wis unsure ''Batman Begins'' wad be successfu eneuch tae warrant ane. Nolan, alangside his wife an langtime producer Emma Thomas, haed niver wirkit on a sequel film but he an co-writer David Goyer discussed ideas fur a sequel durin filmin. Goyer developit an ootline fur twa sequels, but Nolan remeened unsure hou tae continue the ''Batman Begins'' narrative whiles keepin it consistent an relevant, thou he wis interestit in uisin the Joker in ''Begins''<nowiki/>'s groondit, realistic style. Collogues atween Warner Bros. Pictures an Nolan begoud shortly efter ''Batman Begins''<nowiki/>'s theatrical lowse, an development begoud follaein the production o Nolan's ''The Prestige'' (2006). === Writin === {{multiple image | total_width = 350 | direction = horizontal | align = right | footer = Director an writer [[Christopher Nolan]] (2018), an co-writer [[Jonathan Nolan]] (2019) | image1 = Christopher Nolan Cannes 2018.jpg | alt1 = A photograph o Christopher Nolan | image2 = Jonathan Nolan by Gage Skidmore.jpg | alt2 = A photograph o Jonathan Nolan }} Goyer an Christopher Nolan collaboratit fur three month tae develop ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s core plot pynts. Thay wantit tae splore the theme o escalation an the idea that Batman's extraordinary efforts tae combat common crimes wad lead tae an opposin escalation bi criminals, attractin the Joker, wha uises terrorism as a wappen. The joker pleyin caird scene in ''Batman Begins'' wis intendit tae convey the fallacy o Batman's belief his war on crime wad be temporary. Goyer an Nolan did nae intentionally include real-warld parallels tae terrorism, the war on terror, an laws enactit tae combat terrorists bi the Unitit States govrenment acause thay believed makin owertly poleetical statements wad detract frae the story. Thay wantit it tae resonate wi an refleck contemporary audiences. Nolan descrieved ''The Dark Knight'' as representative o his awn "fear o anarchy" an Joker represents "somebody wha wants tae jist tear doun the warld aroond him." Awthou he wis a fan o ''Batman'' (1989), starnin Jack Nicholson as the Joker, Goyer did nae consider Nicholson's portrayal scary an wantit ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s Joker tae be an unkenable, awready-formit chairacter, seemilar tae the shairk in ''Jaws'' (1975), wioot a "cliché" oreegin story. Nolan an Goyer did nae gie thair Joker an oreegin story or a narrative arc, believin it makkit the chairacter scarier; Nolan descrieved thair film as the "rise o the Joker". Thay felt the threat o cinematic villains sic as Hannibal Lecter an Darth Vader haed been unnermined bi subsequent films depictin thair oreegins. Wi the help o his brither Christopher, Jonathan Nolan spent sax month developin the story intae a draucht screenpley. Efter submittin the draucht tae Warner Bros., Jonathan spent a further twa month refinin it till Christopher haed finished directin ''The Prestige''. The brithers collaboratit on the final script ower the nixt sax month durin pre-production fur ''The Dark Knight''. Jonathan foond the "poignant" endin tae be the script's maist interestin aspect; it haed aye depictit Batman fleein frae polis but wis chynged frae him leapin across ruiftaps tae escapin on the Batpod, his motorcycle-lik vehicle. The dialogue Jonathan considered maist important, "ye aither dee a hero or ye live lang eneuch tae see yersel become the villain", cam late in development. Influenced bi films sic as ''The Godfather'' (1972) an ''Heat'' (1995), an maintainin the tone o ''Batman Begins'', thair finished script bore mair resemblance tae a crime drama nor a tradeetional superhero film. Comic-beuk influences includit writer Frank Miller's 1980s wirks, that portray chairacters in a serious tone, an the limitit series ''Batman: The Long Halloween'' (1996–1997), that splores the relationship atween Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Dent wis written as ''The Dark Knight''<nowiki/>'s central chairacter, servin as the centre o the battle atween Batman, wha believes Dent is the hero the ceety needs, an the Joker, wha wants tae prove even the maist richteous fowk can be corruptit. Christopher said the title refers tae Dent as muckle as Batman. He considered Dent as haein a duality seemilar tae Batman's, providin interestin dramatic potential. Focusin on Dent meant Bruce Wayne / Batman wis written as a generally static chairacter wha did nae unnergo drastic chairacter development. Christopher foond writin the Joker the easiest aspect o the script. The Nolans identifee'd the traits common tae his media incarnations an wur influenced bi the character's comic-beuk appearances as weel as the villain Dr. Mabuse frae the films o Fritz Lang. Writer Alan Moore's graphic novelle, ''Batman: The Killing Joke'' (1988), did nae influence the main narrative but Christopher believed his interpretation o the Joker as someane pairtially driven tae prove anyone can become lik him whan pushed far eneuch helped the Nolans gie purpose tae an "inherently purposeless" chairacter. The Joker wis written as a purely evil psychopath an anarchist wha lacks raison, logic, an fear, an coud test the moral an ethical limits o Batman, Dent, an Gordon. Christopher an Jonathan later realised thay haed inadvertently written thair version seemilarly tae Joker's furst appearance in ''Batman'' #1 (1940). The final scene, in that the Joker states he ad Batman are destined tae battle forever, wis nae intendit tae tease a sequel but tae convey that the diametrically opponed pair wur in an endless conflict acause thay will nae kill ilk ither. ===Castin=== [[File:Maggie Gyllenhaal at the 82nd Academy Awards (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A photograph of Maggie Gyllenhaal|Maggie Gyllenhaal (2010) replaced Katie Holmes in the role o assistant destrict attorney Rachel Dawes.]] Descrievin hou his chairacter haed evolved frae ''Batman Begins'', Christian Bale said Wayne haed chynged frae a yung, naive, an angry man seekin purpose tae a hero wha is burdened bi the realisation his war against crime is seemingly endless. Acause the new Batsuit alloued him tae be mair agile, Bale did nae increase his muscle mass as muckle as he haed fur ''Batman Begins''. Nolan haed deliberately obscured combat in the aulder film acause it wis intendit tae portray Batman frae the criminals' pynt o view. The impruived Batsuit design let him shaw mair o Bale's Keysi-fechtin method trainin. Nolan wis aware that Nicholson's popular portrayal o the Joker wad invite comparisons tae his version, an wantit an actor wha coud cope wi the associatit scrutiny. Ledger's castin in August 2006 wis creeticised bi some industrie professionals an memmers o the public wha considered him inappropriate fur the role; executive producer Charles Roven said Ledger wis the anly person seriously considered, an that ''Batman Begins''{{'s}} positive reception wad help alleviate ony concerns. Nolan wis confident in the castin acause collogues atween himsel an Ledger haed demonstratit thay skared seemilar ideas regardin the Joker's portrayal. Ledger said he haed some trepidation in succeedin Nicholson in the role but that the challenge excitit him. He descrieved his interpretation as a "psychopathic, mass-murtherin, schizophrenic cloun wi zero empathy". He wis influenced bi Alex frae the crime film ''A Clockwork Orange'' (1971), an Breetish muisickers Johnny Rotten an Sid Vicious. Ledger spent aboot a month secludin himsel in a hottle ruim whiles readin relevant comic beuks. He developit the chairacter's vyce bi mixin a heich-pitch an low-pitch, that wis inspired bi ventriloquist performances. His fechtin style wis designed tae appear improvised an erratic. Ledger spent a further fower month creatin a "Joker diary" conteenin images an elements he believed wad resonate wi his chairacter, sic as findin the dishailth AIDS humorous. Descrievin his performance, Ledger said: "It's the maist fun a'v haed wi a chairacter an probably will iver hae{{nbsp}}... It wis an exhaustin process. At the end o the day, a couldna muive. A coulda tauk. A wis absolutely wreckit." In a November 2007 interview, Ledger said whan committin himsel tae ony role, he haed difficulty sleepin acause he coud nae relax his mynd, an aften slept anly twa oors a nicht durin filmin. ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/dark-knight Offeecial wabsteid] (Warner Bros.) * [https://www.dc.com/movies/the-dark-knight-2008 Offeecial wabsteid] (DC Comics) * ''[[imdbtitle:0468569|The Dark Knight]]'' at [[IMDb]] * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_dark_knight The Dark Knight]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]] * ''[https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1275896 The Dark Knight]'' at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Knight (Film), The}} [[Category:2008 films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime drama films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:American superhero films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Best Film Empire Awaird winners]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Films aboot psychopaths]] [[Category:Films aboot terrorism]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Films shot in Chicago]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films uisin computer-generatit eemagery]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] laqwd7olhoxf8qwdc5w1kjm6dnazdu5 0 93629 918574 894998 2026-06-22T13:52:30Z Makenzis 43742 918574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Dinamo Zagreb | current = | image = | fullname = Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo | nickname = ''Modri'', ''Plavi'' (The Blues) | founded = 26 Aprile 1911 | ground = [[Stadion Maksimir]] | capacity = 35,123<ref name=stadion>{{cite web|url=http://gnkdinamo.hr/hr/stadion-maksimir.html|title=Stadion Maksimir|publisher=GNK Dinamo Zagreb|language=Croatian|accessdate=2014-03-17|archive-date=2013-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627085420/http://gnkdinamo.hr/hr/stadion-maksimir.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | chairman = [[Zdravko Mamić]] | manager = ? | league = Superliga | season = 2025–26 | position = 1st | website = http://www.gnkdinamo.hr |pattern_la1= |pattern_b1= |pattern_ra1= |pattern_so1= |leftarm1=0004fc |body1=0004fc |rightarm1=0004fc |shorts1=0004fc |socks1=0004fc |pattern_so2= |pattern_la2= |pattern_b2= |pattern_ra2= |pattern_sh2= |leftarm2=FFFF00 |body2=FFFF00 |rightarm2=FFFF00 |shorts2=FFFF00 |socks2=FFFF00 |pattern_so3= |pattern_la3= |pattern_b3= |pattern_ra3= |pattern_sh3= |leftarm3=1D2951 |body3=1D2951 |rightarm3 =1D2951 |shorts3=1D2951 |socks3=1D2951 |}} '''Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zgsport.hr/report_1.php?sport_id=31|title=Članovi sportskog savez grada Zagreba|trans_title=Members of the Sports Association of Zagreb|publisher=Sportski savez Grada Zagreba|language=Croatian|accessdate=2014-11-12|archive-date=2014-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218130617/http://www.zgsport.hr/report_1.php?sport_id=31|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zgportal.com/aktualno/vijesti/arhiva/2011/nk-dinamo-ponovo-promijenio-ime/|title=NK Dinamo ponovo promijenio ime|trans_title=NK Dinamo changed its name again|publisher=ZGportal Zagreb|language=Croatian|date=2011-04-13|accessdate=2014-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://metro-portal.hr/dinamo-od-danas-ima-novo-ime-gradjanski-nogometni-klub-dinamo/57651/|title=Dinamo od danas ima novo ime - Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo|trans_title=Dinamo from today has a new name - Citizens' Football Club Dinamo|publisher=Metro Portal|language=Croatian|date=2011-04-12|accessdate=2014-11-12}}</ref> commonly referred tae as '''GNK Dinamo Zagreb''' or simply '''Dinamo Zagreb''' ({{IPA-sh|dinamo ˈzâːɡreb|pron}}) is a [[Croatie]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Zagreb]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dinamo Zagreb}} [[Category:GNK Dinamo Zagreb| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Croatie]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Yugoslavie]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Zagreb]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in the 1940s]] [[Category:1945 establishments]] [[Category:1940s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:20t-century establishments in Croatie]] lraal28fghxnphlqnih678ogkvzxyhm 0 93631 918572 881158 2026-06-22T13:29:32Z Makenzis 43742 918572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Hajduk Split | current = 2016–17 HNK Hajduk Split saison | image = [[Image:HNK Hajduk Split.svg|Hajduk's Logo|180px]] | fullname = Hrvatski nogometni klub Hajduk Split, Š.D.D. | nickname = ''Bijeli'' (The Whites)<br />''Majstori s mora'' (The Masters frae the Sea) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1911|2|13}} | ground = [[Stadion Poljud]] | capacity = 35.000 | chairman = Marin Brbić | manager = | league = [[Croatie First Fitbaa League|Croatie First League]] | season = 2025–26 | position = 2:d | pattern_la1=_coloint11h |pattern_b1=_coloint11h |pattern_ra1=_coloint11h | leftarm1=FBFAFA|body1=FBFAFA|rightarm1=FBFAFA|shorts1=0540A0|socks1=0540A0 | pattern_la2=_hajduk1112a|pattern_b2=_hajduk1112a|pattern_ra2=_hajduk1112a | leftarm2=0540A0|body2=0540A0|rightarm2=0540A0|shorts2=0540A0|socks2=0540A0| | website = http://www.hajduk.hr/ }} '''HNK Hajduk Split Š.D.D.''', commonly referred tae as '''Hajduk Split''' ({{IPA-sh|xǎjduːk splît|pron}})<ref>{{cite book|first = Max | last = Mangold | title = Aussprachewörterbuch |url = https://archive.org/details/dudenaussprachew0000unse_s9z1 | language = German | year = 2005 | publisher = Dudenverlag |edition = 6th | location = Mannheim | isbn = 9783411040667 | pp=[https://archive.org/details/dudenaussprachew0000unse_s9z1/page/385 385] and 740}}</ref> or simply '''Hajduk''', is a [[Croatie]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club foondit in 1911 an based in the ceety o [[Split, Croatie|Split]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hajduk Split}} [[Category:HNK Hajduk Split| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Croatie]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Split-Dalmatia Coonty]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Yugoslavie]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1911]] [[Category:Fan-ained fitbaw clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Split, Croatie]] [[Category:1911 establishments in Croatie]] [[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]] hjl55rzppgf13xldmig4992waj855fp 0 93662 918570 855490 2026-06-22T13:09:20Z Makenzis 43742 /* First-team squad */ As o 14 Mey 2015.[ 918570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Rijeka | current= 2014–15 HNK Rijeka saison | image = | fullname = Hrvatski Nogometni Klub Rijeka | nickname = ''Riječki bijeli''<br />([[Rijeka]]'s [[White]]s) | founded = 29 July 1904 (as CS Olimpia) | ground = [[Stadion Kantrida]], [[Rijeka]] | capacity = 10,261 (seating) | owner = Social Sport Foondation (70%), Ceety o [[Rijeka]] (30%) | chairman = Damir Mišković | manager = [[Matjaž Kek]] | league = [[Prva HNL|1. HNL]] | season = 2019/20 | position = 1. HNL, 3. | pattern_la1 = _skyblueborder | pattern_b1 = _Rijeka2122h | pattern_ra1 = _skyblueborder | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _skyblueborder | pattern_b2 = _Rijeka2122a | pattern_ra2 = _skyblueborder | leftarm2 = AA0000 | body2 = AA0000 | rightarm2 = AA0000 | shorts2 = AA0000 | socks2 = AA0000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _Rijeka2122t | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 | website = http://www.nk-rijeka.hr }} '''Hrvatski Nogometni Klub Rijeka''' ({{lang-sco|Croatie Fitbaa Club Rijeka}}), commonly referred tae as '''HNK Rijeka''' or simply '''Rijeka''', is a [[Croatie]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club, frae the coastal ceety o [[Rijeka]], founded in 1904 as CS Olimpia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Povijest|url=https://nk-rijeka.hr/klub/povijest/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=HNK RIJEKA|language=hr}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rijeka}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Croatie]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Primorje-Gorski Kotar Coonty]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Yugoslavie]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in the 1940s]] [[Category:Sport in Rijeka|HNK Rijeka]] [[Category:HNK Rijeka| ]] [[Category:1946 establishments in Croatie]] 26w6ye64dk3hv0j5t712h7wa9q4u10g 918571 918570 2026-06-22T13:09:38Z Makenzis 43742 918571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Rijeka | current= 2014–15 HNK Rijeka saison | image = | fullname = Hrvatski Nogometni Klub Rijeka | nickname = ''Riječki bijeli''<br />([[Rijeka]]'s [[White]]s) | founded = 29 July 1904 (as CS Olimpia) | ground = [[Stadion Kantrida]], [[Rijeka]] | capacity = 10,261 (seating) | owner = Social Sport Foondation (70%), Ceety o [[Rijeka]] (30%) | chairman = Damir Mišković | manager = [[Matjaž Kek]] | league = [[Prva HNL|1. HNL]] | season = 2025–26 | position = 4-t. | pattern_la1 = _skyblueborder | pattern_b1 = _Rijeka2122h | pattern_ra1 = _skyblueborder | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _skyblueborder | pattern_b2 = _Rijeka2122a | pattern_ra2 = _skyblueborder | leftarm2 = AA0000 | body2 = AA0000 | rightarm2 = AA0000 | shorts2 = AA0000 | socks2 = AA0000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _Rijeka2122t | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 | website = http://www.nk-rijeka.hr }} '''Hrvatski Nogometni Klub Rijeka''' ({{lang-sco|Croatie Fitbaa Club Rijeka}}), commonly referred tae as '''HNK Rijeka''' or simply '''Rijeka''', is a [[Croatie]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club, frae the coastal ceety o [[Rijeka]], founded in 1904 as CS Olimpia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Povijest|url=https://nk-rijeka.hr/klub/povijest/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=HNK RIJEKA|language=hr}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rijeka}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Croatie]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Primorje-Gorski Kotar Coonty]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Yugoslavie]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in the 1940s]] [[Category:Sport in Rijeka|HNK Rijeka]] [[Category:HNK Rijeka| ]] [[Category:1946 establishments in Croatie]] sli441pyfqn64pegm2hxyqkumg86jlh 0 123651 918578 918357 2026-06-22T17:24:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918578 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a '''leet o wather records''', a leet o the maist extreme occurrences o wather phenomena for various categories. ==Temperatur== ===Measurin condeetions=== The staundart measurin condeetions for temperatur are in the air, 1.5 meters abuin the grund, an shielded frae direct sunlicht (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade").<ref name=running2011 /> The follaein leets include aw offeecially confirmed claims measurt bi those methods. Temperaturs measured directly on the grund mey exceed air temperaturs bi 30 tae 50&nbsp;°C.<ref name=running2011>p. 855-857, [http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2011BAMS3067.1 Satellite Finds Highest Land Skin Temperatures on Earth], David J. Mildrexler, Maosheng Zhao, and Steven W. Running, ''Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society'', July 2011, pp. 855-860, {{doi|10.1175/2011BAMS3067.1}}.</ref> A grund temperature o 84&nbsp;°C (183.2&nbsp;°F) haes been recordit in Port Sudan, Sudan.<ref>Table 9.2, p. 158, ''Dryland Climatology'', Sharon E. Nicholson, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 1139500244.</ref> A grund temperatur o 93.9&nbsp;°C (201&nbsp;°F) wis recordit in [[Furnace Creek, Californie|Furnace Creek]], [[Death Valley]], [[Californie]], [[USA]] on 15 Julie 1972; this mey be the heichest naitural grund surface temperatur ever recordit.<ref>A possible warld record maximum naitural grund surface temperatur, Paul Kubecka, ''Weather'', '''56''', #7 (July 2001), ''Weather'', pp. 218-221, {{doi|10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06577.x}}.</ref> The theoretical maximum possible grund surface temperatur haes been estimatit tae be atween 90 and 100&nbsp;°C for dry, darkish siles o law thermal conductivity.<ref>[http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0450%281992%29031%3C1096%3AEMLST%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Extreme Maximum Land Surface Temperatures], J. R. Garratt, Journal of Applied Meteorology, '''31''', #9 (September 1992), pp. 1096–1105, {{doi|10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1096:EMLST>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Satellite measurements o grund temperature taken atween 2003 an 2009, taken wi the [[MODIS]] [[infrared]] spectroradiometer on the [[Aqua (satellite)|Aqua]] satellite, foond a maximum temperatur o 70.7&nbsp;°C (159.3&nbsp;°F), which wis recorded in 2005 in the [[Lut Desert]], [[Iran]]. The Lut Desert wis an aa foond tae hae the heichest maximum temperatur in 5 o the 7 years measurt (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 an 2009.) Thir measurements reflect averages ower a lairge region an sae are lawer than the maximum pynt surface temperatur.<ref name=running2011 /> Satellite measurements o the surface temperatur o Antarctica, taken atween 1982 an 2013, foond a cauldest temperatur o −93.2&nbsp;°C (−136&nbsp;°F) on 10 August 2010, at {{Coord|81.8|S|59.3|E}}. Althou this is nae comparable tae an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperatur at this location wad hae been lawer than the offeecial record lawest air temperatur o −89.2&nbsp;°C.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-25287806 Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite], Jonathan Amos, BBC News, 9 December 2013.</ref><ref>[http://fallmeeting.agu.org/2013/files/2013/12/ColdestPlaceOnEarth.pdf The Coldest Place on Earth: -90°C and below from Landsat 8 and other satellite thermal sensors], Ted Scambos, Allen Pope, Garrett Campbell, and Terry Haran, [[American Geophysical Union]] fall meeting, 9 December 2013.</ref> ===Heat=== ====Heichest temperaturs ever recordit bi continent==== [[File:Koppen World Map BWh.png|280px|thumb|A warld cairt shawin auries wi [[Köppen climate clessification|Köppen]] ''BWh'' (het desert climate). The temperaturs in thir regions hae the potential tae exceed 50&nbsp;&deg;C (122&nbsp;°F) during the hettest saisons.]] ==== Africae{{refn |group="notes"|Accordin tae Christopher Burt, Africae's hettest reliably measured temperatur is 50.7°C (123.3°F) at [[Semara]], [[Wastren Sahara]] on 13 Julie 1961.<ref name="reliably">{{cite web|last=Burt|first=Christopher C.|title=Hottest Reliably Measured Air Temperatures on Earth: PART TWO|url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/hottest-reliably-measured-air-temperatures-on-earth-part-two.html|publisher=Weather Underground|date=19 August 2016|accessdate=2 October 2016}}</ref> This vailyie wis surpassed on 5 Julie 2018 whan {{convert|51.3|C|F}} wis recordit at [[Ouargla]], [[Algerie]] on 5 Julie 2018.<ref name=watts2018/>}} ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Algerie}} |{{convert|51.3|C|F}} |[[El Bayadh]], [[El Bayadh Province]] / [[Ouargla]], [[Ouargla Province]] |{{Dts|2 September 1979}}<ref name=AlgeriaCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/algnc2.pdf |title=Seconde Communication Nationale de L'Algerie Sur Les Changements Climatiques a la CCNUCC |publisher=Ministere de L'Amenagement du Territoire et de L'Environnement |year=2010 |language=French |page=27 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>/{{Dts| 5 Julie 2018}}<ref name=watts2018>{{cite web |last1=Watts |first1=Jonathan |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731151105/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/13/heatwave-sees-record-high-temperatures-set-around-world-this-week |archivedate=31 July 2018 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/13/heatwave-sees-record-high-temperatures-set-around-world-this-week |title=Heatwave sees record high temperatures around world this week |publisher=The Guardian |date=13 July 2018 |accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Botswana}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |[[Maun, Botswana|Maun]] |{{Dts|7 Januar 2016}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601112526.html|title=Botswana: Heat Wave Breaks Maximum Temperature Records}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}} |{{convert|47.2|C|F}} |[[Dori, Burkina Faso|Dori]] |{{Dts|1984}}<ref name=burkinaclimatechange>{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bfa01f.pdf |title=Programme D'Action National D'Adaptation a la Variabilite et aux Changements Climatiques (Pana du Burkina Faso) |publisher=Ministere de L'Environnnement et du Cadre de Vie |language=French |page=11 |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chad}} |{{convert|47.6|C|F}} |[[Faya-Largeau]] |{{Dts|22 Juin 2010}}<ref name="wu">{{cite web|url=https://www.cyprus-weather.org/temperature-breaks-all-records/|title=Temperature breaks all records in Cyprus|author=|first=|date=7 August 2010|website=|publisher=Weather Underground|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{convert|36.0|C|F}} |[[Prince Said Ibrahim Internaitional Airport|Hahaya Internaitional Airport]] |{{Dts|15 November 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/noaa-earth-had-its-third-warmest-year-record-2017 |title=NOAA: Earth Had Its Third Warmest Year on Record in 2017 |publisher=Wunderground |date=18 January 2018 |accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Eswatini|name=Eswatini (Swaziland)}} |{{convert|47.4|°C|°F}} |[[Lavumisa]] | ?<ref name=swazilandrecords>{{cite web|url=http://resources.bgs.ac.uk/sadcreports/swaziland1991cidagroundwaterresourcesa.pdf |title=Groundwater Resources of Swaziland |publisher=Swaziland Ministry of Natural Resources, Land Use and Energy |page=6 |date=December 1992 |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ghana}} |{{convert|43.8|C|F}} |[[Navrongo]] |{{Dts|26 Mairch 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Guinea}} |{{convert|45|C|F}} |[[Koundara]], [[Boké Region]] |{{Dts|29 Mairch 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Niger}} |{{convert|49.5|C|F}} |[[Diffa]] |{{Dts|7 September 1978}}<ref name=nigerCC>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506213909/https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/nernc3.pdf |archivedate=6 May 2018 |url=https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/nernc3.pdf |title=Troisieme Communication Nationale A La Conference Des Parties De La Conventioncadre Des Nations Unies Sur Les Changements Climatiques |publisher=Republique de Niger |page=8 |accessdate=6 May 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nigerie}} |{{convert|46.4|C|F}} |[[Yola, Nigerie|Yola]] |{{Dts|3 Apryle 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Réunion}} |{{convert|36.9|C|F}} |[[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]] |{{Dts|6 Mairch 2004}}<ref name=reunionrecords>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101020215/http://www.meteofrance.re/climat/description-du-climat |archivedate=1 January 2019 | url=http://www.meteofrance.re/climat/description-du-climat |title=Climat de la Réunion |publisher=Météo-France |language=French |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sooth Africae}} |{{convert|50|C|F}} |[[Dunbrody, Eastren Cape|Dunbrody]], [[Eastren Cape]] |{{Dts|3 November 1918}}<ref name="saws">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517132011/http://www.weathersa.co.za/learning/climate-questions/39-what-are-the-temperature-rainfall-and-wind-extremes-in-sa |archivedate=17 May 2017|url=http://www.weathersa.co.za/learning/climate-questions/39-what-are-the-temperature-rainfall-and-wind-extremes-in-sa |title=What are the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes in SA? | publisher=[[South African Weather Service]]|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{convert|49.7|C|F}} |[[Dongola]] |{{Dts|25 Juin 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Tunisie}} |{{convert|55|C|F}} |[[Kebili]] |{{Dts|7 Julie 1931}}<ref name=bams>{{cite journal|author1=Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli |author2=Randall S. Cerveny |author3=Christopher C. Burt |author4=Philip Eden |author5=David Parker |author6=Manola Brunet |author7=Thomas C. Peterson |author8=Gianpaolo Mordacchini |author9=Vinicio Pelino |author10=Pierre Bessemoulin |author11=José Luis Stella |author12=Fatima Driouech |author13=M.M Abdel wahab |author14=Matthew B. Pace |title=World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|year=2012|doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1|volume=94|issue=2 |pages=199–204|bibcode=2013BAMS...94..199E}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Wastren Sahara}} |{{convert|50.7|C|F}} |[[Semara]] |{{Dts|13 Julie 1961}}<ref name=reliably/> |- |{{flag|Zambie}} |{{convert|42.4|C|F}} |[[Mfuwe]], [[Eastren Province, Zambie|Eastren Province]] |{{Dts|13 October 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |} ==== Antarcticae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperature !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Antarcticae}} (aw laund/ice sooth o 60°S) | {{convert|19.8|C|F}} | [[Signy Resairch Station]], [[Sooth Orkney Islands]] |{{Dts|30 Januar 1982}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature |title=WMO Region VII (Antarctica): Highest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=1 March 2017 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106025041/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Antarcticae}} (mainland an adjynin islands) |{{convert|17.5|C|F}} |[[Esperanza Base]], [[Trinity Peninsula]] |{{Dts|24 Mairch 2015}}<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/mar/31/potential-record-high-temperature-in-antarctica-alarms-scientists | title = Antarctica records unprecedented high temperatures in two new readings | last = Mccarthy | first = Tom | work = The Guardian | date = 31 March 2015 | accessdate = 8 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature-continent |title=WMO Region VII (Antarctica mainland & adjoining islands): Highest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=1 March 2017 |archive-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302030128/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature-continent |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Antarcticae}} ([[Antarctic Plateau]] > {{convert|2,500|m|ft|0}}) |{{convert|-7.0|C|F}} | Automatit Wather Station D-80 (coordinates: 70°6'S, 134°53'W, elevation: {{convert|2,500|m|ft|0}}) |{{Dts|28 December 1989}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature-plateau |title=WMO Region VII (Antarctica plateau>2500m): Highest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=29 April 2018 |archive-date=2018-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430113958/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature-plateau |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Sooth Pole]] |{{convert|-12.3|C|F}} |[[Amundsen–Scott Sooth Pole Station]] |{{Dts|25 December 2011}}<ref name="Antarctic Sun">{{cite web |url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contenthandler.cfm?id=2563 |title=Heat wave: South Pole hits record high temperature on Christmas Day |publisher=United States Antarctic Program |date=29 December 2011 |accessdate=1 February 2012 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523025538/http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contenthandler.cfm?id=2563 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ==== Asie ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Afghanistan}} |{{convert|49.9|C|F}} |[[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]] |{{Dts|August 2009}}<ref name="afghan record">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVGaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|title=Afghanistan Constitution and Citizenship Law Handboook – Strategic Information and Basic Laws|last=inc|first=Ibp|date=2013|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=978-1-4387-7835-8|page=48}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Armenie}} |{{convert|43.7|C|F}} |[[Meghri]] |{{Dts|1 August 2011}}<ref name=ArmeniaCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/armnc3.pdf |title=Republic of Armenia Third National Communication on Climate Change |publisher=Ministry of Nature Protection |year=2015 |page=3 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=Armeniarecordhigh>{{cite web |url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/3377/hottest-day-on-record---437-celsius.html |title=Hottest Day on Record – 43.7 Celsius |publisher=Hetq Online |date=3 August 2011 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{convert|46.0|C|F}} |[[Julfa, Azerbaijan (ceety)|Julfa]] an [[Ordubad]] |?<ref name=azhydromet>{{cite web |last1=Mahmudov |first1=Rza |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524005453/http://www.azhydromet.com/SRIH/Water%20Resurs.html |archivedate=24 May 2007 |url=http://www.azhydromet.com/SRIH/Water%20Resurs.html |title=Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic |publisher=Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic |accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bangladesh}} |{{convert|45.1|C|F}} |[[Rajshahi]] |{{Dts|30 Mey 1972}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asiantribune.com/node/17080 |title=Bangladesh records highest temperature 42.2 degree Celsius in last 14 years |work=Asian Tribune |date=27 April 2009 |accessdate=7 November 2016 |archive-date=2015-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618065730/http://asiantribune.com/node/17080 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bhutan}} |{{convert|40|C|F}} |[[Phuentsholing]] |{{Dts|27 August 1997}}<ref>{{cite news|author1=Passang Norbu|title=The heat has got into the Himalayas|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/the-heat-has-got-to-the-himalayas/#.VPR-x9KUdA0|accessdate=2 March 2015|work=Kuensel|date=14 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095043/http://www.kuenselonline.com/the-heat-has-got-to-the-himalayas/#.VPR-x9KUdA0|archivedate=2 April 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cambodie}} |{{convert|42.6|C|F}} |[[Preah Vihear Province|Preah Vihear]] |{{Dts|15 Apryle 2016}}<ref name="meteofranceasia">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/35905150-asie-vague-de-chaleur-exceptionnelle |title=Exceptional Heat Wave 2016 |work=[[Meteo France]] |accessdate=29 April 2016 |archive-date=2016-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428202234/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/35905150-asie-vague-de-chaleur-exceptionnelle |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cheenae}} |{{convert|50.5|C|F}} |[[Erbao Tounship]], [[Turpan]], [[Xinjiang]] |{{Dts|10 Julie 2017}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1572543886818701&wfr=spider&for=pc|title=50.5℃！全国最高气温问世 未来或将再创新纪录|work=baijiahao.baidu.com}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Hong Kong}} |{{convert|39.0|C|F}} |[[Hong Kong Wetland Park|Wetland Park]] |{{Dts|22 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Macau}} |{{convert|39.0|C|F}} |[[Coloane]] |{{Dts|22 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Indie}} |{{convert|51.0|C|F}} |[[Phalodi]], [[Rajasthan]] |{{Dts|19 May 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/indian-summer-makes-history-phalodi-in-rajasthan-boils-at-51c/|title=Indian summer makes history, Phalodi in Rajasthan boils at 51°C|work=Skymet Weather}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Indonesie}} |{{convert|39.5|C|F}} |[[Jatiwangi]], [[Majalengka Regency]], [[Wast Java]] /<br>[[Semarang]], [[Central Java]] |{{Dts|December 2006}} /<br>27 October 2015<ref name=wu20151027>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=3169|title=Indonesia ties all-time national heat record|accessdate=31 October 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109200547/https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=3169|archivedate=9 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iran}} |{{convert|54|C|F}} |[[Ahvaz]] Airport (OIAW) |{{Dts|29 Juin 2017}}.<ref name=reliably/><ref name="Samenow2016">{{cite web |last1=Samenow |first1=Jason |title=Two Middle East locations hit 129 degrees, hottest ever in Eastern Hemisphere, maybe the world|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/07/22/two-middle-east-locations-hit-129-degrees-hottest-ever-in-eastern-hemisphere-maybe-the-world/|publisher=The Washington Post|date=22 July 2016|accessdate=23 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/Weather/iran-ahvaz-hottest-temperature-ever-recorded-world-record-extreme-death-valley-california-a7815771.html |title=Temperatures in Iranian city of Ahvaz hit 129.2F (54C), near hottest on Earth in modern measurements |publisher=independent.com |date=30 June 2017 |accessdate=30 June 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{convert|53.8|C|F}} |[[Basra]] |{{Dts|22 Julie 2016}}<ref name=Samenow2016/><ref name=Tapper2016>{{cite web |last1=Tapper |first1=James |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jul/23/think-youre-hot-spare-a-thought-for-kuwait-as-mercury-hits-record-54c |title=Think you're hot? Spare a thought for Kuwait, as mercury hits record 54C |publisher=The Guardian |date=23 July 2016 |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Israel}} |{{convert|54|C|F}} |[[Tirat Zvi]] |{{Dts|21 Juin 1942}}<ref name="ims">{{cite web|url=http://ims.gov.il/IMSEng/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/ |title=Climate Extremes in Israel |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |date=21 June 1942 |accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>{{refn |group="notes"|The temperature has been reported as {{convert|54|C|F}}, however weather historian Christopher Burt argues that the thermograph trace was misread.<ref name="htoe">{{cite web|last=Burt|first=Christopher C.|title=Hottest air temperatures reported on Earth|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=3|website=Weather Underground|date=October 22, 2010|accessdate=7 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103200557/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=3|archivedate=3 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} |- |{{flag|Japan}} |{{convert|41.1|C|F}} |[[Kumagaya, Saitama|Kumagaya]], [[Saitama Prefectur|Saitama]] |{{Dts|23 Julie 2018}}<ref name="JMA">{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rankall.php?prec_no=&block_no=&year=&month=&day=&view=|title=former National Rankings|accessdate=13 August 2013 |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{convert|50|C|F}} |Jordan University Agriculture Research Center |{{Dts|6 September 2002}}<ref name=Jordanrecords>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127213759/http://jometeo.gov.jo/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9 |archivedate=27 November 2016 |url=http://jometeo.gov.jo/معلومات-مناخية-وزراعية/القيم-المتطرفة |script-title=ar:القيم المتطرفة |publisher=Jordanian Meteorological Department |language=Arabic |accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{convert|53.9|C|F}} |[[Mitribah]] |{{Dts|21 Julie 2016}}<ref name=WMOJune2019>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618130839/https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-verifies-3rd-and-4th-hottest-temperature-recorded-earth |archivedate=18 June 2019 |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-verifies-3rd-and-4th-hottest-temperature-recorded-earth |title=WMO verifies 3rd and 4th hottest temperature recorded on Earth |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=18 June 2019}}</ref>{{refn |group="notes"|According to the World Meteorological Organization, the reported temperature is the highest recorded in Asia.<ref name=WMOJune2019/>}} |- |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |? |?<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://mineconom.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2055:country-profile&lang=kg |title=Country profile |website=mineconom.gov.kg |publisher=Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic |accessdate=13 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220074546/http://mineconom.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2055:country-profile&lang=kg |archivedate=20 December 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Laos}} |{{convert|42.3|C|F}} |[[Seno, Laos|Seno]] |{{Dts|12 Apryle 2016}}<ref name=meteofranceasia/> |- |{{flag|Malaysie}} |{{convert|40.1|C|F}} |[[Chuping]] |{{Dts|9 Apryle 1998}}<ref name="climate stats 01">{{cite news| title=General Climate Information| url=http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/education/climate/generalclimateinformation| publisher=Malaysia Meteorological Department| accessdate=30 June 2010| archive-date=2015-11-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116010753/http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/education/climate/generalclimateinformation| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Maldives}} |{{convert|34.9|C|F}} |[[Hanimaadhoo (Haa Dhaalu Atoll)|Hanimaadhoo]] |{{Dts|16 Apryle 2016}}<ref name="meteofranceasia"/> |- |{{flag|Mongolia}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |[[Khongor, Darkhan-Uul|Khongor]], [[Darkhan-Uul Province]] |{{Dts|24 Julie 1999}}<ref name=MARCC>{{cite web |url=http://www.unep.org/pdf/MARCC2009_BOOK.pdf |title=Mongolia: Assessment Report on Climate Change 2009 |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Nature and Tourism, Mongolia |pages=36–37 |date=September 2009 |accessdate=23 October 2016 |archive-date=2015-12-09 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20151209053717/http://www.unep.org/pdf/MARCC2009_BOOK.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Myanmar}} |{{convert|47.2|C|F}} |[[Myinmu]] |{{Dts|14 Mey 2010}}<ref name=Myint2016>{{cite web |last1=Myint |first1=Yee |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/yangon/20063-heat-takes-its-toll.html |title=Heat takes its toll |publisher=Myanmar Times |date=2 May 2016 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=Soe2016>{{cite web |last1=Soe |first1=Kyaw |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/mandalay-upper-myanmar/19170-warnings-of-strong-el-nino-through-june.html |title=Warnings of strong El Niño through June |publisher=Myanmar Times |date=25 February 2016 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nepal}} |{{convert|46.0|°C|°F}} |[[Chisapani, Bardiya|Chisapani]] | ?<ref name=faoNepal>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Nepal/Nepal.htm |title=Nepal |work=Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=24 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024140133/http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/Counprof/Nepal/nepal.htm |archivedate=24 October 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Oman}} |{{convert|50.8|C|F}} |[[Buraimi]],<br>[[Sohar]], <br>[[Qurayyat, Oman|Qurayyat]] |{{Dts|Julie 1990}}, <br>{{Dts|Mey 2009}}, <br>{{Dts|30 Mey 2017}}<ref name=jfwu17>Jeff Masters, [https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/historic-heat-wave-sweeps-asia-middle-east-and-europe Historic Heat Wave Sweeps Asia, the Middle East and Europe], 6 June 2017</ref> |- |{{flag|Pakistan}} |{{convert|53.7|C|F}} |[[Turbat]] |{{Dts|28 Mey 2017}}<ref name=WMOJune2019/> |- |{{flag|Philippines}} |{{convert|42.2|C|F}} |[[Tuguegarao]], [[Cagayan Valley]] |{{Dts|12 Apryle 1912}}, 11 Mey 1969<ref name=PhilippinesCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/phlnc2.pdf |title=Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |publisher=Government of the Philippines |date=29 December 2014 |page=6 |accessdate=24 October 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{convert|50.4|C|F}} |[[Doha]] |{{Dts|14 Julie 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Roushie}} (Siberie) |{{convert|42.3|C|F}} |[[Belogorsk, Amur Oblast|Belogorsk]], [[Amur Oblast]] |{{Dts|12 Julie 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1546 |title=Wunder Blog |publisher=Weather Underground |date=19 July 2010 |accessdate=28 January 2011 |archive-date=2010-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722041822/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1546 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Saudi Arabie}} |{{convert|52.0|C|F}} |[[Jeddah]] |{{Dts|23 Juin 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2010062476182 |deadurl=yes |title=saudigazette|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930232945/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2010062476182 |archivedate=30 September 2015 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Singapore}} |{{convert|37.0|C|F}} |[[Tengah, Singapore|Tengah]] |{{Dts|17 Apryle 1983}}<ref name=MSSrecords>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.sg/climate-historical-extremes-temperature |title=Historical Extremes |publisher=[[Meteorological Service Singapore]] |accessdate=8 December 2016 |archive-date=2016-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127224631/http://www.weather.gov.sg/climate-historical-extremes-temperature/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sooth Korea}} |{{convert|41.0|C|F}} |[[Hongcheon]], [[Gangwon Province (Sooth Korea)|Gangwon Province]] |{{Dts|1 August 2018}}<ref name="news1">{{cite web|url=https://m.news.naver.com/read.nhn?mode=LSD&sid1=103&sid2=248&oid=421&aid=0003514221|title=한반도 폭염 신기원…서울 39.6도·홍천 41.0도 |publisher=[[news1]]|accessdate=1 August 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sirie}} |{{convert|49.4|C|F}} | ? | ?<ref name=SyriaCC>{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/syrnc1.pdf |title=Initial National Communication of the Syrian Arab Republic |publisher=Ministry of state for Environmental Affairs |pages=18–20 |date=April 2010|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Taiwan}} |{{convert|40.3|C|F}} |[[Tianxiang]], [[Hualien Coonty]] |{{Dts|9 Julie 2018}}<ref name=watts2018/><ref name="Wunderground">{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Heat-Records-Falling-Around-World-2018|title=Heat Records Falling Around the World in 2018|work=[[Wunderground]]|accessdate=20 September 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Thailand}} |{{convert|44.6|C|F}} |[[Mae Hong Son]] |{{Dts|28 Apryle 2016}}<ref name="meteofranceasia"/> |- |{{flag|Turkey}} |{{convert|49.0|C|F}} |[[Cizre]], [[Şırnak Province]] |{{Dts|27 August 1961}}<ref name="DMIGM">{{cite web|url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/genel/sss.aspx?s=sicaklikenleri2|title=Türkiye'de ve Dünyada Kaydedilen En Düşük ve En Yüksek Değerler |publisher=Turkish State Meteorological Service |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |{{convert|50.1|C|F}} |[[Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]], [[Karakum Desert]] |{{Dts|28 Julie 1983}}<ref name=TurmenistanCC>{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/tkmnc3.pdf |title=Third National Communication of Turkmenistan Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |publisher=Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan |pages=12–13 |year=2015 |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=TurkmenistanUNCCD>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118145252/http://www.unccd-prais.com/Uploads/GetReportPdf/300703d5-c6bc-416b-8aeb-a0fa014a4a8f |archivedate=18 November 2016 |url=http://www.unccd-prais.com/Uploads/GetReportPdf/300703d5-c6bc-416b-8aeb-a0fa014a4a8f |title=Report on implementation of the UNCCD in Turkmenistan |publisher=Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan |year=2000 |page=7 |accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Unitit Arab Emirates}} |{{convert|52.1|C|F}} |[[Al Jazeera Mairch Gate]] |{{Dts|Julie 2002}}<ref name=Leon>{{cite news |last1=Ponce de Leon |first1=Janice |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/weather/debunking-weather-myths-in-the-uae-1.1877541 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118143949/http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/weather/debunking-weather-myths-in-the-uae-1.1877541 |archivedate=18 November 2016 |title=Debunking weather myths in the UAE |publisher=Gulf News |date=11 August 2016 |accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=UAErecordhigh>{{cite news |last1=Croucher |first1=Martin |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-weather-temperature-soars-to-near-record-level |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118144107/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-weather-temperature-soars-to-near-record-level |archivedate=18 November 2016 |title=UAE weather: Temperature soars to near record level |publisher=The National |date=12 July 2013 |accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Vietnam}} |{{convert|43.4|C|F}} |[[Huong Khe Destrict]] |{{Dts|20 Apryle 2019}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cappucci |first1=Matthew |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/04/22/vietnam-just-observed-its-highest-temperature-ever-recorded-degrees-april/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505153741/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/04/22/vietnam-just-observed-its-highest-temperature-ever-recorded-degrees-april/ |archivedate=2019-05-05 |title=Vietnam just observed its highest temperature ever recorded: 110 degrees, in April |publisher=The Washington Post |date=22 April 2019 |accessdate=5 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==== Europe ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Albanie}} |{{convert|43.9|C|F}} |[[Tirana]] |{{Dts|1973}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knoema.com/gbpfred/extreme-temperatures-across-the-world?tsId=1000890|title=Extreme Temperatures across the World|publisher=[[knoema.com|knoema]]|accessdate=26 July 2019 |date=26 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Austrick}} |{{convert|40.5|C|F}} |[[Bad Deutsch-Altenburg]] |{{Dts|8 August 2013}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/klima/news/neuer-hitze-rekord-40-5deg-c-in-bad-deutsch-altenburg|title=Neuer Hitze-Rekord: 40,5°C in Bad Deutsch-Altenburg|publisher=[[Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics|ZAMG]]|accessdate=9 August 2013 |date=9 August 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Belaroushie}} |{{convert|38.9|C|F}} |[[Gomel]] |{{Dts|7 August 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Belgium}} |{{convert|41.8|C|F}} |[[Begijnendijk]], [[Flemish Brabant]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"|Part of the [[July 2019 European heat wave]]}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref name=Belgium1>{{cite web |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/07/26/hitte-zo-uitzonderlijk-was-het-gisteren |title=Zo uitzonderlijk was het gisteren: 41,8 graden in Begijnendijk |publisher=VRTNWS|language=Dutch|accessdate=25 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |{{convert|46.2|C|F}} |[[Mostar]] |{{Dts|31 Julie 1901}}<ref name="Federal Hydrometeorological Institute">{{cite web |url=http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Mostarstanica.php |title=Federal Hydrometeorological Institute |accessdate=28 July 2016 |archive-date=2016-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009021245/http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Mostarstanica.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="meteofrance"/> |- |{{flag|Bulgarie}} |{{convert|45.2|C|F}} |[[Sadovo]], [[Plovdiv Province]] |{{Dts|5 August 1916}}<ref name="unfccc">{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/bulnc2.pdf |title=Bulgaria Second National Communication |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Croatie}} |{{convert|42.8|C|F}} |[[Ploče]] |{{Dts|5 August 1981}}<ref name="cro">{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom_/application/pdf/hrv_nc6.pdf#page=23 |title=Croatia Sixth National Communication |format=PDF |accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cyprus}} |{{convert|45.6|C|F}} |[[Nicosia]] |{{Dts|1 August 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Czech Republic}} |{{convert|40.4|C|F}} |[[Dobřichovice]], [[Prague-Wast Destrict]] |{{Dts|20 August 2012}}<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasceska.cz/ceska-republika/ceska-nej/ |title=Česká republika – Česká nej |publisher=atlasceska.cz |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Denmark}} |{{convert|36.4|C|F}} |[[Holstebro]], [[Midtjylland]] |{{Dts|10 August 1975}}<ref name="dmi">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426034355/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/ |archivedate=26 April 2017 |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/ |title=Vejrekstremer i Danmark |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |language=Danish |accessdate=25 April 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Estonie}} |{{convert|35.6|C|F}} |[[Võru]] |{{Dts|11 August 1992}}<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/rekordid/ohutemperatuur/?lang=en |title=Weather records |publisher=Estonian Weather Services |accessdate=28 September 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Finland}} |{{convert|37.2|C|F}} |[[Joensuu Airport]], [[Liperi]] |{{Dts|29 Julie 2010}}<ref name=fmirecords>{{cite web|url=http://ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/lampotilaennatyksia |title=Lämpötilaennätyksiä |publisher=Finnish Meteorological Institute |language=Finnish |accessdate=3 January 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Fraunce}} |{{convert|46.0|C|F}} |[[Vérargues]], [[Hérault]] |{{Dts|28 Juin 2019}}<ref name="meteofrance">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721010727/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/74345599-c-est-officiel-on-a-atteint-les-46-c-en-france-en-juin |archivedate=2019-07-21 |url=http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/74345599-c-est-officiel-on-a-atteint-les-46-c-en-france-en-juin |title=C'est officiel : on a atteint les 46 °C en France en juin |publisher=Météo France |language=French |accessdate=19 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Germany}} |{{convert|42.6|C|F|abbr=}} |[[Lingen, Germany|Lingen]], [[Lawer Saxony]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www1.wdr.de/nachrichten/wetter-sammlung-100.html|title=Hitzewelle: Lingen mit 42,6 Grad heißester Ort|website=www1.wdr.de|date=25 July 2019|accessdate=25 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Greece}} |{{convert|48.0|C|F}} |[[Athens]] {{refn |group="notes"|A temperatur o {{convert|48.7|C|F}} haes an aw been meisurt on the same day in [[Tatoi]], houiver it is nae conseedert tae be the offeecial temperatur record for Greece.<ref name="meteoclub1">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/1468-rekor-thermokrasias |title=Τα χαμηλότερα και υψηλότερα ρεκόρ θερμοκρασίας στην Ελλάδα |publisher=Meteoclub.gr |date= |accessdate=22 February 2019 |archive-date=2018-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702024059/http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/1468-rekor-thermokrasias |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} |{{Dts|10 Julie 1977}}<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/world-meteorological-organization-global-weather-climate-extremes-archive|title=Global Weather & Climate Extremes|publisher=[[World Meteorological Organisation]]|accessdate=2 January 2019|archive-date=2013-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Hungary}} |{{convert|41.9|C|F}} |[[Kiskunhalas]] |{{Dts|20 Julie 2007}}<ref name="met.hu">{{cite web|url=http://owww.met.hu/eghajlat/Magyarorszag/rekordok/ |title=Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service |publisher=Met.hu |accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iceland}} | {{convert|30.5|C|F}} | Teigarhorn, [[Djúpivogur]] |{{Dts|22 Juin 1939}}<ref name="iceland">Einarsson, Markús. [http://en.vedur.is/media/loftslag/myndasafn/frodleikur/Einarsson.pdf Climate of Iceland] pg 683. Retrieved 29 April 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=16539&ew_0_a_id=309709 Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629021152/http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=16539&ew_0_a_id=309709 |date=2009-06-29 }} ''[[Iceland Review]]'' 31 July 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.</ref> |- |{{flag|Ireland}} |{{convert|33.3|C|F}} |[[Kilkenny Castle]], [[Coonty Kilkenny]] |{{Dts|26 Juin 1887}}<ref name="Met Éireann">{{cite web |url=http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp |title=Temperature – Climate – Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online |publisher=Met.ie |date=2 January 1979 |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003129/https://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Italy}} |{{convert|47.0|C|F}} |[[Foggia]], [[Apulie]] {{refn |group="notes"|A disputit record temperatur o 48.5&nbsp;°C (119.3&nbsp;°F) wis measurt on 10 August 1999 in [[Catenanuova]], Sicily.<ref name=Italy1/>}} |{{Dts|25 Juin 2007}}<ref name=Italy1>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/9192-1-battuti-i-record-di-caldo-italia-del-sud-nella-fornace-africana-punte-di-47c |title=BATTUTI I RECORD DI CALDO: Italia del Sud nella fornace africana, punte di +47 °C |publisher=Meteogiornale |date=25 June 2007 |accessdate=8 May 2014 |language=Italian |archive-date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224114/http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/9192-1-battuti-i-record-di-caldo-italia-del-sud-nella-fornace-africana-punte-di-47c |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Italy>{{cite web|url=http://www.centrometeotoscana.it/2012/07/07/il-record-italiano-di-caldo-48-5c/ |title=Il record italiano di caldo: +48.5 °C|publisher=CentroMeteoToscana |date=7 July 2012 |accessdate=8 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224554/http://www.centrometeotoscana.it/2012/07/07/il-record-italiano-di-caldo-48-5c/|archivedate=12 May 2014|language=Italian}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Latvie}} |{{convert|37.8|C|F}} |[[Ventspils]] |{{Dts|4 August 2014}}<ref name="meteolv">[https://twitter.com/VSIA_LVGMC/status/496291491539845120 LVGMC Twitter account]. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved 4 August 2014. {{lv icon}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Lithuanie}} |{{convert|37.5|C|F}} |[[Zarasai]], [[Utena Coonty]] |{{Dts|30 Julie 1994}}<ref name="record lithuania">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.lt/lt/web/guest/rekordai |title=(Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje) |publisher=Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service |language=Lithuanian |accessdate=28 September 2016 |archive-date=2016-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002123054/http://www.meteo.lt/lt/web/guest/rekordai |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Luxembourg}} |{{convert|40.8|C|F|abbr=}} |[[Steinsel|Steinsel, Luxembourg]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref name="record luxembourg">{{cite web|url=https://www.wort.lu/de/lokales/40-8-c-neuer-offizieller-temperaturrekord-in-luxemburg-5d39c099da2cc1784e3488ff|title=40,8°C: Neuer offizieller Temperaturrekord in Luxemburg|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=AgriMeteo|language=German|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726130556/https://www.wort.lu/de/lokales/40-8-c-neuer-offizieller-temperaturrekord-in-luxemburg-5d39c099da2cc1784e3488ff|archive-date=2019-07-26|dead-url=|accessdate=25 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Maltae}} |{{convert|43.8|C|F}} |[[Maltae Internaitional Airport]] |{{Dts|9 August 1999}}<ref name="MaltaCC">{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/mlt_nc02.pdf |title=The Second Communication of Malta to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Xhange |publisher=Ministry of Resources and Rural Affairs |pages=40–41 |date=May 2010 |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=MaltaNSO>{{cite web |last1= Galdies |first1= Charles |url= https://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/B3_Environment_Energy_Transport_Agriculture_Statistics/The_Climate_of_Malta.pdf |title= The Climate of Malta: statistics, trends, and analysis 1951–2010 |pages= 6–7 |year= 2011 |publisher= National Statistics Office |accessdate= 26 February 2013 |archive-date= 2016-04-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405203936/http://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/B3_Environment_Energy_Transport_Agriculture_Statistics/The_Climate_of_Malta.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Moldovae}} |{{convert|42.4|°C|°F}} |[[Falesti]] |{{Dts|7 August 2012}}<ref name=Moldovarecords>{{cite web |title=Recorduri meteorologice în Republica Moldova |url=http://www.meteo.md/newsait/historu/record.htm |publisher=Serviciul Hidrometeorologic de Stat |language=Romanian |accessdate=25 October 2016 |archive-date=2017-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320091515/http://www.meteo.md/newsait/historu/record.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Montenegro}} |{{convert|44.8|C|F}} |[[Podgorica]] & [[Danilovgrad]] |{{Dts|16 August 2007}} /<br/>8 August 2012<ref name="Jeff Masters">{{cite web|last=Masters |first=Jeff |title=2012: Earth's 10th warmest year on record, and warmest with a La Niña |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html |publisher=Weather Underground |accessdate=17 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117064246/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html |archivedate=17 January 2013 |df= }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Netherlands}} |{{convert|40.7|C|F}} |[[Gilze en Rijen]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref>https://nos.nl/liveblog/2294980-meting-41-7-graden-in-deelen-niet-geldig-wel-boven-de-40-in-gilze-rijen.html}</ref> |- |{{flag|North Macedonie}} |{{convert|45.7|C|F}} |[[Demir Kapija]], [[Demir Kapija Municipality|Demir Kapija]] |{{Dts|24 Julie 2007}}<ref name=MacedoniaCC>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124035513/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/macnc2.pdf |archivedate=24 November 2016 | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/macnc2.pdf |title=Second National Communication on Climate Change |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning |page=24 |date=December 2008 |accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Norawa}} |{{convert|35.6|°C|°F}} |[[Nesbyen]], [[Buskerud]] |{{Dts|20 Juin 1970}}<ref name="DNMI">{{cite web |url=http://met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html |title=Klima |publisher=met.no |accessdate=20 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129225502/http://www.met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html |archivedate=29 November 2007 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Poland}} |{{convert|40.2|°C|°F}} |[[Prószków]]{{refn |group="notes" |Record meisurt on [[Weimar Republic|German territory]] at that time: [[Proskau]], [[Landkreis]] [[Opole|Oppeln]], [[Province o Upper Silesie|Oberschlesien]] (nou [[Prószków]], [[Opole Voivodeship]]). The record in [[Seicont Pols Republic|Poland proper]] at that time wis attained on the same day bi the veelage o [[Zbiersk]] at 40.0&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meteomodel.pl/rekordy-temperatury/|title=Polskie Rekordy|website=MeteoModel.pl|date=31 May 2011|access-date=2016-02-12}}</ref>}} |{{Dts|29 Julie 1921}}<ref name="klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl">{{cite web |url=http://www.klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl/tematyczne/rekordyklimatyczne/polska.htm |title=Rekordy klimatyczne w Polsce |language=pl |publisher=Zakład Klimatologii – [[Uniwersytet Jagielloński]], Kraków |work=Klimat.Geo.UJ.edu.pl |accessdate=20 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529040418/http://www.klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl/tematyczne/rekordyklimatyczne/polska.htm |archivedate=29 May 2010 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Portugal}} |{{convert|47.4|°C|°F}} |[[Amareleja]], [[Beja (destrict)|Beja]] |{{Dts|1 August 2003}}<ref name="meteo1">[https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/extremos.clima/ Extremes] Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, IPMA</ref> |- |{{flag|Romanie}} |{{convert|44.5|°C|°F}} |[[Ion Sion]], [[Brăila Coonty]] |{{Dts|10 August 1951}}<ref>[http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=405 THERMAL EXTREMES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909041857/http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=405 |date=2008-09-09 }} Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie</ref> |- |{{flag|Roushie|}} (in Europe) |{{convert|45.4|°C|°F}} |[[Utta]], [[Kalmykie]] |{{Dts|12 Julie 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pogoda.ru.net/news/5076/ |title=Погода и Климат – В России установлен новый абсолютный температурный максимум |publisher=Pogoda.ru.net |accessdate=28 January 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070750/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/news/5076/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|San Marino}} |{{convert|40.3|C|F}} |[[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]] |{{Dts|3 August 2017}}, {{Dts|9 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Serbie}} |{{convert|44.9|°C|°F}} |[[Smederevska Palanka]], [[Podunavlje Destrict|Podunavlje]] |{{Dts|24 Julie 2007}}<ref name="hidmet">{{cite web|url=http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/klimatologija_temp_rezim.php |title=TEMPERATURE REGIME IN SERBIA, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia |publisher=Hidmet.gov.rs |accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Slovakie}} |{{convert|40.3|C|F}} |[[Hurbanovo]] |{{Dts|20 Julie 2007}}<ref name=slovakrecord>{{cite web|title=Historial Extremes: Review of historical extremes (extreme values) of selected meteorological elements at the territory of Slovak republic |url=http://www.shmu.sk/en/?page=1384 |publisher=Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Slovenie}} |{{convert|40.8|C|F}} |[[Cerklje ob Krki]] |{{Dts|8 August 2013}}<ref>{{cite web|title=V Cerkljah ob Krki namerili rekordnih 40,8 stopinje Celzija|url=http://www.24ur.com/novice/slovenija/vroce-bo-temperature-pa-okoli-40-stopinj-celzija.html|publisher=24ur.com|accessdate=8 August 2013|language=Slovenian}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Spain}} |{{convert|47.3|C|F}} |[[Montoro, Cordoba]] (as Montoro Vega Armijo) |{{Dts|13 Julie 2017}}<ref name=Benayas2017>{{cite web |last1=Benayas |first1=Victoria |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/07/14/inenglish/1500017188_072441.html |title=Córdoba sets new temperature record as heatwave continues in Spain |publisher=El País |date=14 July 2017 |accessdate=19 July 2017 |archive-date=2017-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818001445/https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/07/14/inenglish/1500017188_072441.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Swaden}} |{{convert|38.0|C|F}} |[[Ultuna]], [[Uppsala Coonty]]/<br>[[Målilla]], [[Kalmar County]] (tied) |{{Dts|9 Julie 1933}} /<br>29 Juin 1947<ref name="SMHI">{{cite web |url=http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/svenska-temperaturrekord-1.5792 |title=Svenska temperaturrekord |publisher=Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut |accessdate=15 August 2017 |archive-date=2017-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175701/http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/svenska-temperaturrekord-1.5792 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Swisserland}} |{{convert|41.5|C|F}} |[[Grono, Swisserland|Grono]], [[Moesa Destrict]] |{{Dts|11 August 2003}}<ref name="Weather in Switzerland">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/climat/passe/extremes-climatiques/records-suisse.html |title=Records Suisse |publisher=MeteoSwiss |accessdate=25 July 2016 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816174245/http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/climat/passe/extremes-climatiques/records-suisse.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ukraine}} |{{convert|42.0|C|F}} |[[Luhansk]] |{{Dts|12 August 2010}}<ref name=cgo>{{cite web |url =http://www.cgo.kiev.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords/ |script-title =uk:Кліматичні рекорди |publisher =Central Observatory for Geophysics |language =Ukrainian |accessdate =4 August 2016 |archive-date =2016-08-04 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160804044852/http://www.cgo.kiev.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords%2F |url-status =dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} |{{convert|38.7|C|F}} |[[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts| 25 Julie 2019|}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2019/new-official-highest-temperature-in-uk-confirmed |title=New official highest temperature in UK confirmed |publisher=[[Met Office]] |accessdate=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="UK Met Office">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate-extremes/#?tab=climateExtremes |title=UK climate – Extremes |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Vatican Ceety}} |{{convert|40.7|C|F}} |[[Vatican Ceety]] |{{Dts|2 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |} ==== North Americae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Anguilla}} |{{convert|34.2|C|F}} |[[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] |{{Dts|12 September 2015}}<ref name=wu20151021>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/sixteen-nationalterritorial-alltime-extreme-heat-records-set-in-2015.html|title=Sixteen National/Territorial All-Time Extreme Heat Records Set in 2015 |publisher=Wunderground |date=27 January 2016 |accessdate=19 July 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Antigua an Barbuda}} |{{convert|34.9|C|F}} |[[V. C. Bird Internaitional Airport]], [[St. John's, Antigua an Barbuda|St. John's]] |{{Dts|12 August 1995}}<ref name=Antiguaclimate>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/Our_Climate.html |title=Our Climate |publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service |accessdate=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305012206/http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/Our_Climate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Antiguaclimatedata>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html |title=Normal Daily Temperature: TEMPERATURE AT V.C. Bird International Airport |publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service |accessdate=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823025952/http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Breetish Virgin Islands}} |{{convert|35.0|C|F}} |[[Terrance B. Lettsome Internaitional Airport]] |{{Dts|22 Julie 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |last2=Henson |first2=Bob |url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/confirmed-2016-the-warmest-year-in-history-of-global-recordkeeping.html |title= Confirmed: 2016 the Warmest Year in History of Global Recordkeeping |publisher= Wunderground |date= 18 January 2017 |accessdate=7 May 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Canadae}} |{{convert|45.0|C|F}} |[[Yellow Grass]], [[Saskatchewan]]<br>[[Midale]], Saskatchewan |{{Dts|5 Julie 1937}}<ref name="canadaextremes">{{cite web|url = http://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=en&n=6a4a3ac5-1#1921-1940 |title = Top Weather Events of the 20th Century |publisher = Environment Canada |date = May 2010|accessdate = 26 January 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cayman Islands}} |{{convert|34.9|C|F}} |[[Owen Roberts Internaitional Airport]], [[Grand Cayman]] |{{Dts|21 August 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|Cuba}} |{{convert|39.1|C|F}} |Veguitas ([[Granma Province]]) |{{Dts|30 Juin 2019}}<ref name=Cubarecords>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geoclimat.org/p/records-nationaux-de-temperatures.html|title=Records nationaux de température}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Dominica}} |{{convert|35.5|C|F}} |[[Canefield Airport]] |{{Dts|3 October 2015}}<ref name=wu20151021/> |- |{{flag|Dominican Republic}} |{{convert|43.0|C|F}} |[[Mao, Dominican Republic|Mao]] |{{Dts|31 August 1954}}<ref name=mejia>{{cite web |first1=Mariela |last1=Mejía |url=http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/2011/01/07/i274915_frio-extremo-calor-agobiante.html |title=Frío extremo, calor agobiante |publisher=Diario Libre |language=Spanish |date=7 January 2011 |accessdate=2 May 2017 |archive-date=2013-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104214132/http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/2011/01/07/i274915_frio-extremo-calor-agobiante.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Greenland}} |{{convert|30.1|C|F}} |[[Ivittuut]] |{{Dts|23 Juin 1915}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/06/10/greenland-witnessed-its-highest-june-temperature-ever-recorded-on-thursday/ |title=Greenland witnessed its highest June temperature ever recorded on Thursday |work=The Washington Post |date=10 June 2016 |accessdate=22 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/cif/station/gr-ivigt.htm |title=Greenland -Dnk- - Ivigtut |publisher=Pendientedemigracion.ucm.es |date= |accessdate=22 February 2019 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126080156/http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/cif/station/gr-ivigt.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iceagenow.info/record-lows-since-1937-record-highs/ |title=More record lows since 1937 than record highs |work=Iceagenow.info |date=27 June 2017 |accessdate=22 February 2019 |archive-date=2018-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005145353/https://www.iceagenow.info/record-lows-since-1937-record-highs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Guatemala}} |{{convert|45|C|F}} |[[Estanzuela]], [[Zacapa]] | ?<ref name="INSIVUMEH"/> |- |{{flag|Martinique}} |{{convert|36.5|C|F}} |[[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]] |{{Dts|6 October 2010}}<ref name=martiniqueclimate>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101021428/http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/climat972_2pages.pdf/1bb26ab1-630b-4fd4-9757-9adb5da948a6 |archivedate=1 January 2019 |url=http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/climat972_2pages.pdf/1bb26ab1-630b-4fd4-9757-9adb5da948a6 |title=Le climat en Martinique |publisher=Météo-France |language=French |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mexico}} |{{convert|52.0|C|F}} |[[Mexicali]] area |{{Dts|28 Julie 1995}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/early-summer-heat-broils-northern-hemisphere.html |author=Christopher Burt|title=Early Summer Heat Broils Northern Hemisphere |accessdate=19 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=García Cueto |first1=O.R. |last2=Santillán Soto |first2=N. |last3=Quintero Núñez |first3=M. |last4=Ojeda Benítez |first4=S. |last5=Velázquez Limón |first5=N. |title=Extreme temperature scenarios in Mexicali, Mexico under climate change conditions |journal=Atmósfera |date=October 2013 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=509–520 |doi=10.1016/S0187-6236(13)71092-0 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Panama}} |{{convert|40.0|C|F}} |[[San Francisco, Panamá|San Francisco]] |{{Dts|20 Mairch 1998}}<ref name=ETESA>{{cite web |url=http://www.hidromet.com.pa/temperaturas_extremas.php?idioma=ing |title=Extreme Temperatures |publisher=Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A |accessdate=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2016-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031151317/http://www.hidromet.com.pa/temperaturas_extremas.php?idioma=ing |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Puerto Rico}} |{{convert|104|F|C|order=flip}} |[[Mona Island]] |{{Dts|2 Julie 1996}}<ref name=NWSpuertorico>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119141404/http://www.weather.gov/sju/climo_extremes |archivedate=19 January 2017|url=http://www.weather.gov/sju/climo_extremes |title=All Time Extremes for PR and VI |publisher=National Weather Service |accessdate=19 January 2017}}</ref> |- | |{{flag|United States}} |{{convert|56.7|C|F}} |[[Furnace Creek, Californie|Furnace Creek]], [[Death Valley]], [[Californie]] |{{Dts|10 Julie 1913}}<ref name="KPBS-report">{{cite web |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2013/jul/15/doubts-cloud-death-valleys-100-year-heat-record/ |title=Doubts Cloud Death Valley's 100-year Heat Record|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="WMO-Highest">[http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature World: Highest Temperature] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |date=4 January 2013 }} [[World Meteorological Organization]]. Retrieved 13 September 2012.</ref><ref name="Burt"/> |- |{{flag|Unitit States Virgin Islands}} |{{convert|99|F|C|order=flip}} |[[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint Thomas]]/ [[Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands|Cruz Bay]] |{{Dts|4 August 1994}} an 23 Juin 1996<ref name=NWSpuertorico/><br/> 31 July 1988<ref name=NWSpuertorico/> |} ==== Oceanie{{refn |group="notes"|On 16 Januar 1889, a temperatur o 53&nbsp;°C (128&nbsp;°F) wis recordit at [[Cloncurry, Queensland]]. It wis measurt wi a non-staundart thermometer, so it is unkent if this readin wis valid or nae.<ref name="NCDC"/> The readin is nae recognised bi Australie's [[Bureau o Meteorology]].<ref name="BoMExtremes"/>}}==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Australie}} |{{convert|50.7|C|F}} |[[Oodnadatta, Sooth Australie]] |{{Dts|2 Januar 1960}}<ref name="NCDC">[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128084534/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html |date=2013-11-28 }} [[National Climatic Data Center]]. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref><ref name="BoMExtremes">{{cite web | title = Australian Temperature Extremes | publisher = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]] | date = 1 April 2009 | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/extreme/records/national.pdf | accessdate=16 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://reg.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/highesttemp.shtml |title=50.5&nbsp;°C – W.A.'s Highest Ever Temperature |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |date=20 February 1998 |accessdate=12 July 2011}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{convert|35.6|C|F}} |[[Utirik Atoll]] |{{Dts|24 August 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|New Zealand}} |{{convert|42.4|C|F}} |[[Rangiora]], [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] /<br>Jordan, [[Marlborough Region|Marlborough]] (tied) |{{Dts|7 Februar 1973}}<ref name="record NZ">{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en |title=Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007 |publisher=Teara.govt.nz |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2009-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816033058/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Palau}} |{{convert|35|C|F}} |[[Koror]] |{{Dts|22 Mairch 2018}}<ref name=Palauhigh>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/march-2018-earths-5th-warmest-march-record | title = March 2018: Earth's 5th Warmest March on Record | publisher = Wunderground | date = 18 April 2018 | accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Samoa}} |{{convert|35.3|C|F}} |[[Asau, Samoa|Asau]] |{{Dts|24 December 1968}}<ref name = WBsamoaclimate> {{cite web |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161301/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/619871468093590816/pdf/E28540EA0v30P10MF000December0202011.pdf |archivedate= 5 November 2016 |url= http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/619871468093590816/pdf/E28540EA0v30P10MF000December0202011.pdf |title= Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Samoa Agriculture Competitiveness Enhancement Project |publisher= World Bank |date= 2 December 2011 |page= 53 |accessdate= 5 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Solomon Islands}} |{{convert|36.1|C|F}} |[[Honiara]], [[Guadalcanal Province]] |{{Dts|1 Februar 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Tonga}} |{{convert|35.5|C|F}} |[[Niuafoou]] |{{Dts|1 Februar 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|Vanuatu}} |{{convert|36.2|C|F}} |[[Lamap Malekula]] |{{Dts|8 Februar 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |{{convert|35.8|C|F}} |[[Futuna Airport]] |{{Dts|10 Januar 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |} ==== Sooth Americae{{refn |group="notes"|Accordin tae Christopher Burt, Sooth America's hettest reliably meisurt temperature is 47.3°C (117.1°F) at [[Campo Gallo]], [[Argentinae]] on 16 October 1936.<ref name=reliably/>}}==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Argentinae}} |{{convert|48.9|C|F}} * |[[Rivadavia, Salta|Rivadavia]], [[Salta Province]] |{{Dts|11 December 1905}}<ref name="NCDC"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/#continental |title=Continental Weather & Climate Extremes: Based on World Meteorological Organization Defined Regions |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=17 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="meteofa">The record o 49.1&nbsp;°C (120.4&nbsp;°F) in [[Villa de María del Río Seco|Villa de María]], [[Córdoba Province, Argentinae|Córdoba Province]], Argentinae, on 2 Januar 1920, is disputit an conseedert dubious{{cite web |url=http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 |title=Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina) |accessdate=31 March 2014}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bolivie}} |{{convert|46.7|C|F}} |[[Villamontes]], [[Tarija Depairtment]] |{{Dts|29 October 2010}}<ref name="wu"/>{{refn |group="notes"|Temperatur reached on multiple occasions; this is the maist recent.}} |- |{{flag|Brazil}} |{{convert|44.8|C|F}} |[[Nova Maringá]], [[Mato Grosso]] |{{Dts|4 November 2020}}, {{Dts|5 November 2020}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/climatempo/brasil-tem-novo-recorde-historico-de-calor,539a60945327d9f61cd981427377c37cuo1khkwn.html |title=Brasil tem novo recorde histórico de calor |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=6 November 2020 |website=www.terra.com.br |publisher=Terra|access-date= 7 November 2020|language=Portuguese||trans-title=Brazil has a new historic heat record|quote=}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chile}} |{{convert|44.9|C|F}} |[[Quillón]], [[Biobio Region]]{{refn |group="notes"|This record is disputit acause o the [[2017 Chile wildfires|forest fires]] that occurred aroond the toun o Quillón. It is heichly probable thae fires hae influenced this record.}} |{{Dts|26 Januar 2017}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2017/01/27/en-bio-bio-se-registro-la-temperatura-maxima-de-la-historia-de-chile-449oc-en-quillon.shtml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134949/http://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2017/01/27/en-bio-bio-se-registro-la-temperatura-maxima-de-la-historia-de-chile-449oc-en-quillon.shtml|archivedate=15 June 2017|title=En Bío Bío se registró temperatura máxima de la historia de Chile|date=27 January 2017|publisher=Biobiochile.cl|language=Spanish |deadurl=no |accessdate=19 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theclinic.cl/2017/01/26/quillon-tuvo-hoy-la-temperatura-mas-alta-la-historia-chile-44-9-grados-la-sombra/|title=Quillón tuvo hoy la temperatura más alta de la historia de Chile: 44.9 grados a la sombra|publisher=[[The Clinic (newspaper)|The Clinic]] |date=26 January 2017 |accessdate=15 June 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Colombie}} |{{convert|45.0|C|F}} |[[Puerto Salgar]], [[Cundinamarca Depairtment|Cundinamarca]] |{{Dts|29 December 2015}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pronosticosyalertas.gov.co/documents/78690/301070/12_IDA_DICIEMBRE_30_2015.pdf/18413b07-7123-42e7-95f3-6f8b92311265?version=1.0 |title=Informe Técnico Diario N°364 |publisher=[[IDEAM]] |date=30 December 2015 |accessdate=15 January 2016 |archive-date=2016-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129085236/http://www.pronosticosyalertas.gov.co/documents/78690/301070/12_IDA_DICIEMBRE_30_2015.pdf/18413b07-7123-42e7-95f3-6f8b92311265?version=1.0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|French Guiana}} |{{convert|38.0|C|F}} |[[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]] |{{Dts|27 September 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |-- |{{flag|Paraguay}} |{{convert|45.0|C|F}} |[[Pratts Gill]], [[Boquerón Depairtment]] |{{Dts|14 November 2009}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteorologia.gov.py:9191/historico.html|title=Valores extremos históricos climatológicos de la red de estaciones|date=13 January 2011|access-date=2019-07-31|archive-date=2012-12-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121221100002/http://www.meteorologia.gov.py:9191/historico.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Peru}} |{{convert|48.3|C|F}} |[[Juan Guerra]], [[Depairtment o San Martín|San Martín]] |{{Dts|3 November 2018}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/senamhi-regiones-han-registrado-temperaturas-altas-nivel-nacional-noticia-503478|title=¿En qué regiones se han registrado las temperaturas más altas a nivel nacional?|work=[[El Comercio Perú]]|date=11 March 2018|language=es}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Uruguay}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |[[Paysandú]], [[Paysandú Depairtment]] |{{Dts|20 Januar 1943}}<ref name="uruguayrecordssum">{{cite web |title = Clima del Uruguay |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213061537/http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/Uy_c-info.htm |archivedate=13 December 2016 |url = http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/Uy_c-info.htm |publisher = Red Académica Uruguaya |language=Spanish |accessdate=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="uruguayrecordsraw">{{cite web |title = Boletín meteorológico |url = http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/records.txt |publisher = Dirección Nacional de Meteorología |language = Spanish |trans-title = Meteorologic records of Uruguay |accessdate = 1 October 2010 |archive-date = 2015-06-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150609015041/http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/records.txt |url-status = dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Venezuela}} |{{convert|43.6|C|F}} |[[Santa Ana de Coro]], [[Falcón]] ||{{Dts|29 Apryle 2015}}<ref name=wu20151021/> |} ====Ither heich-temperature records==== * '''Fastest temperatur rise:''' 27&nbsp;°C (49&nbsp;°F) in twa minutes; [[Spearfish, Sooth Dakota]], 1943-01-22.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book">{{cite book | last = Lyons | first = Walter A | title = The Handy Weather Answer Book | url = https://archive.org/details/handyweatheransw00lyon | edition = 2nd | year = 1997 | publisher = Visible Ink press | location = Detroit, Michigan | isbn = 0-7876-1034-8}}</ref> * '''Maist consecutive days abuin 37.8&nbsp;°C (100&nbsp;°F):''' 160 days; [[Marble Bar, Wastren Australie]] frae 31 October 1923 tae 7 Aprile 1924.<ref name="climateextremes">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/temp1.htm|title=Marble Bar heatwave, 1923–1924|work=Australian Climate Extremes|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|accessdate=21 September 2008|archiveurl=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/temp1.html|archivedate=2009-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Surface temperatur:''' Heat records are measurt bi air temperature abuin the grund. Remote sensin can estimate grund or "skin" surface temperaturs: the [[MODIS]] satellite foond in a brief survey a grund temperature o {{convert|70.7|C|F}}, in the [[Lut Desert]] o Iran, the hettest detectit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=77779|title=Finding the hottest spots on Earth by satellite|publisher=NASA|work=Earth Observatory|date=2012-05-02}}</ref> ===[[Cauld]]=== ===Lawest temperaturs recordit=== <!-- Note: Dates should have name of month SPELLED OUT (as in previous table) to avoid confusion over MONTH/DAY. THIS PAGE IS FOR OFFICIAL RECORDS ONLY, NOT REMOTELY SENSED OBSERVATIONS --> ===Bi continent=== ==== Africae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Algerie}} | {{convert|-13.8|C|F}} | [[Mécheria]] | 28 January 2005<ref name=AlgeriaCC/> |- | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} | {{convert|5|C|F}} | [[Markoye]] | January 1975<ref name=burkinaclimatechange/> |- | {{flag|Botswana}} | {{convert|-15.0|C|F}} | [[Tsabong]] | ?<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203143334/http://www.weather.info.bw/resources/entry_fs.html |archivedate=3 December 2008 |url=http://www.weather.info.bw/resources/entry_fs.html |title=Botswana's Climate |publisher=Meteorological Services Botswana |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Eswatini|name=Eswatini (Swaziland)}} | {{convert|-6.7|°C|°F}} | [[Big Bend, Eswatini|Big Bend]] | ?<ref name=swazilandrecords/> |- | {{flag|Ghana}} | {{convert|11.0|C|F}} | [[Kumasi]], [[Tafo]] | ?<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011052633/http://www.meteo.gov.gh/climatology.html |archivedate=11 October 2008 |url=http://www.meteo.gov.gh/climatology.html |title=Climatology |publisher=Ghana Meteorological Services Department |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Guinea}} | {{convert|2.5|C|F}} | [[Bareing]] | 2 Januar 1982<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109004730/http://www.meteo-guinee-conakry.net/DMN/records.htm |archivedate=9 January 2007 |url=http://www.meteo-guinee-conakry.net/DMN/records.htm |title=Quelques Records en Guinée |publisher=Météorologie Nationale, République de Guinée |language=French |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Lesotho}} | {{convert|-21.0|C|F}} | ? | ?<ref name="lesotho">{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/lesnc1.pdf |title= Lesotho – National report on climate change |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources |date=April 2000 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Morocco}} | {{convert|-23.9|C|F}} | [[Ifrane]] | 11 Februar 1935<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/africa-lowest-temperature |title=WMO Region I (Africa): Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=25 December 2016 |archive-date=2016-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226055625/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/africa-lowest-temperature |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Niger}} | {{convert|-2.4|C|F}} | [[Bilma]] | {{Dts|13 Januar 1995}}<ref name=nigerCC/> |- | {{flag|Réunion}} | {{convert|-5.0|C|F}} | [[Gite de Bellecome]] | {{Dts|10 September 1975}}<ref name=reunionrecords/> |- | {{flag|Sooth Africae}} | {{convert|-20.1|C|F}} | [[Buffelsfontein]], near [[Molteno, Eastren Cape|Molteno]], [[Eastren Cape]] | 23 August 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=76495&d=1381902030|title=New minimum temperature record for South Africa |accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sudan}} | {{convert|-1.0|°C|°F}} | [[Zalingei]] | December 1961 an Januar 1962<ref name=faosudan>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/counprof/sudan/sudan.htm |title=Sudan |work=Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=22 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016075150/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Sudan/sudan.htm |archivedate=16 October 2016 }}</ref> |} ==== Antarcticae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Antarcticae}} |{{convert|-89.2|C|F}} <!-- Please do not change this record without reaching consensus on the talk page. Recent satellite measurements below this figure, while gaining a lot of publicity, are not considered official (by the WMO, for example) and are not comparable with ground-based measurements. See the article "Lowest temperature recorded on Earth", the footnote below the table, or the source cited in the lead, for details. --> |[[Vostok Station]] |21 Julie 1983<ref name="NCDC"/><ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/><ref>{{cite journal | author=Budretsky, A.B. | title=New absolute minimum of air temperature | journal=Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition | url=http://www.aari.aq/publication/abs_min/abs_min.html | issue=105 | year=1984 | location=Leningrad | publisher=[[Gidrometeoizdat]] | language=Russian | access-date=2015-07-22 | archive-date=2009-02-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227071811/http://www.aari.aq/publication/abs_min/abs_min.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>{{refn |group="notes" | This temperature is conseedert the lawest iver offeecially recordit in Antarctica an in the Warld, as it was perceived bi grund-poseetioned thermometers in 1983. [[Satellite]] analyses made on 10 August 2010 pyntit tae a temperatur o −93.2&nbsp;°C (−135.8&nbsp;°F) near [[Dome F]] in [[Queen Maud Land]], but this record is nae offeecially leetit acause it wis meisurt by [[remote sensin]] methods that are nae totally consistent, unlik the 1983 temperatur. See [[Lawest temperatur recorded on Yird]] for details.}} |- |Dome A |{{convert|-82.5|C|F}} |[[Dome A]] | Julie 2005<ref>{{cite web|author=Web Team |url=http://www.aad.gov.au/weather/aws/dome-a/index.html |title=''Australian Antarctic Division'' |publisher=Aad.gov.au |date=5 September 2005 |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- |[[Sooth Pole]] |{{convert|-82.8|C|F}} |[[Amundsen–Scott Sooth Pole Station]] |23 Juin 1982<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/support/southp.jsp |title=''Office of Polar Programs'' |publisher=Nsf.gov |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2020-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414060623/https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/support/southp.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ==== Asie ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Afghanistan}} | {{convert|-52.2|C|F}} | [[Shahrak Destrict|Shahrak]] | {{Dts|Januar 1964}}<ref name="afghan record" /> |- | {{flag|Armenie}} | {{convert|-42.0|C|F}} | [[Paghakn]] an [[Ashocq]] | {{Dts|1961}}<ref name=ArmeniaCC/> |- |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{convert|-33.0|C|F}} |Julfa an Ordubad |?<ref name=azhydromet/> |- | {{flag|Bangladesh}} | {{convert|2.6|C|F}} | [[Tetulia Upazila]] | 8 Januar 2018<ref>{{cite news |title=Cold claims 8 more |accessdate=8 January 2018 |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/lowest-temperature-in-bangladesh-bd-on-january-8-2018-recorded-3-degree-celsius-in-nilphamari-1516666 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cheenae}} | {{convert|-58|C|F}} | [[Genhe]], [[Inner Mongolie]] | 31 December 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20180123000102-260309/ |title=大陸冷極 內蒙根河室內外溫差90℃ - 中時電子報 |work=Chinatimes.com |date=23 January 2018 |accessdate=22 February 2019}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Hong Kong}} | {{convert|-6.0|C|F}} | [[Tai Mo Shan]] | 24 January 2016<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSpjtXUOu98|title=多雨極寒的一月|date=5 February 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Indie}} | {{convert|-44.9|C|F}} | [[Dras]], [[Jammu an Kashmir]] | 22 Mairch 1911<ref name="IMD">{{cite journal |last1=De |first1=U. |last2=Dube |first2=R. |last3=Rao |first3=G. |title=Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years |url=http://www.igu.in/9-3/3usde.pdf |journal=Journal of Indian Geophysical Union |year=2005 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=173–187 |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231319/http://www.igu.in/9-3/3usde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Iran}} | {{convert|-36.0|C|F}} | [[Saqqez]] | 1972<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://danakhabar.com/fa/news/1163560/%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-71-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%A7-46-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1|title=رکورد گرمترین و سردترین نقطه ایران مربوط به کی و کجاست؟ / ثبت دمای بالای 71 درجه تا 46 درجه زیر صفر|website=danakhabar.com|access-date=2019-07-31|archive-date=2016-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319165039/http://danakhabar.com/fa/news/1163560/%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-71-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%A7-46-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Israel}} | {{convert|-14.2|C|F}} | [[Merom Golan]] | 10 Januar 2015<ref>Judah Ari Gross, [http://www.timesofisrael.com/golan-sees-record-low-temperatures-during-storm/ "Golan sees record low temperatures during storm"], The Times of Israel, 12 January 2015.</ref> |- | {{flag|Japan}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Asahikawa]], [[Hokkaidō]] | 25 Januar 1902<ref name="JMA"/> |- |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{convert|-16.0|C|F}} |[[Shoubak]] |{{Dts|15 December 2013}}<ref name=Jordanrecords/> |- | {{flag|Kuwait}} | {{convert|-4.8|C|F}} | [[Salmy]] | 3 Januar 2009<ref name=kuwaitclimate>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213163824/https://www.met.gov.kw/Climate/climate_hist.php?lang=eng |archivedate=13 February 2019 |url=https://www.met.gov.kw/Climate/climate_hist.php?lang=eng |title=Climate History |publisher=Kuwait Meteorological Department |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |{{convert|-53.6|C|F}} |? |?<ref name=":0" /> |- | {{flag|Malaysie}} | {{convert|7.8|C|F}} | [[Cameron Hielands]] | 1 February 1978<ref name="climate stats 01"/> |- | {{flag|Maldives}} | {{convert|17.2|C|F}} | [[Hulhulé Island]], locatit at [[Ibrahim Nasir Internaitional Airport]] | 11 Apryle 1978<ref name=Maldivesclimate>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214507/http://www.meteorology.gov.mv/climateofmaldives |archivedate=27 November 2016 |url=http://www.meteorology.gov.mv/climateofmaldives |title=Climate of Maldives |publisher=Maldives Meteorological Service |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Mongolie}} | {{convert|-55.3|C|F}} | [[Züüngovi, Uvs|Züüngovi]], [[Uvs Province]] | 31 December 1976<ref name=MARCC/><ref name=MongoliaNC>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015000101/https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2018%20Mongolia%20TNC%20EN.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2018 |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2018%20Mongolia%20TNC%20EN.pdf |title=Mongolia Third National Communication |publisher= Ministry of Environment and Tourism |accessdate=14 October 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Myanmar}} | {{convert|-57.9|C|F}} | [[Hkakabo Razi]] | unknown<ref>{{cite web |url=https://livingasean.com/explore/asean-winter-snow-in-the-tropics/ |title=ASEAN Winter Snow in the Tropics |website=Living ASEAN |access-date=2019-07-31 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191255/http://livingasean.com/explore/asean-winter-snow-in-the-tropics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Nepal}} | {{convert|-26.0|C|F}} | [[Thakmarpha]], [[Mustang destrict]] | ?<ref name=faoNepal/> |- | {{flag|North Korea}} | {{convert|-43.6|C|F}} | [[Chunggangjin]] | 12 January 1933<ref>{{cite web |author=선종일 |url=http://user.chollian.net/~jis0523/korea-climate.htm |title=Korean Climate |publisher=User.chollian.net |date=1 August 1942 |accessdate=29 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229002124/http://user.chollian.net/~jis0523/korea-climate.htm |archivedate=29 December 2011 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Pakistan}} | {{convert|-24|C|F}} | [[Skardu]] | 7 January 1995<ref>{{cite web |author=Hamayoon Janjua |url=https://crayon.pk/places-with-extreme-low-temperature-in-pakistan/ |title=Pakistan Climate |publisher=crayon.pk |date=30 January 2019 |accessdate=11 May 2018 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705123907/https://crayon.pk/places-with-extreme-low-temperature-in-pakistan/ |archivedate=2019-07-05 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Philippines}} | {{convert|6.3|C|F}} | [[Baguio]] | 18 January 1961<ref name=PhilippinesCC/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Luces|first1=Kim|title='Abnormally cold' temperatures recorded in January|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346457/scitech/science/abnormally-cold-temperatures-recorded-in-january|accessdate=2 March 2015|publisher=GMA News|date=31 January 2014|quote=However, these are nothing compared to the all-time lowest temperature ever felt in Baguio City and in the Philippines – the 6.3-degree cold felt on January 18, 1961.}}</ref> {{refn |group="notes" |It is reported by local news outlet that temperatures in [[Mt. Pulag]] in the Philippines which is 2,922 meters above sea level plunges as low as {{convert|2.0|C|F}}. PAGASA cannot verify<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yap|first1=DJ|title=Zero in Mt. Pulag? Pagasa clueless|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/346661/zero-in-mt-pulag-pagasa-clueless|accessdate=2 March 2015|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=25 January 2013}}</ref>}} |- |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{convert|1.5|C|F}} |[[Abu Samra]] |{{Dts|5 Februar 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- | {{flag|Roushie}} (Siberie) | {{convert|-67.8|C|F}} | [[Verkhoyansk]] an<br/>[[Oymyakon]], baith in [[Sakha Republic]] | 7 February 1892<br/>6 February 1933<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/northern-hemisphere-lowest-temperature |title=Northern Hemisphere: Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=25 December 2016 |archive-date=2016-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226145102/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/northern-hemisphere-lowest-temperature |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Saudi Arabie}} | {{convert|-12.0|C|F}} | [[Turaif]] | ?<ref name=SaudiCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/saunc2.pdf |title=Second National Communication |publisher=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |page=2 |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Singapore}} |{{convert|19.0|C|F}} |[[Paya Lebar]] |{{Dts|14 Februar 1989}}<ref name=MSSrecords/> |- | {{flag|Sooth Korea}} | {{convert|-32.6|C|F}} | [[Yangpyeong]] | 5 January 1981<ref name=kma>{{cite web|url=http://web.kma.go.kr/eng/biz/climate_01.jsp|title=Climate of Korea|publisher=[[Korea Meteorological Administration]]|accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sirie}} | {{convert|-23.0|C|F}} | [[Idlib]] | Januar 1951<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sy.arabiaweather.com/content/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-1950|title=أبرد شتاء مر على سوريا منذ عام 1950 !|work=طقس سوريا – طقس العرب}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Taiwan}} |{{convert|-18.4|C|F}} |[[Yushan Naitional Pairk|Yushan]] |{{Dts|31 Januar 1970}}<ref name="ysnp">{{cite web|url=http://www.ysnp.gov.tw/css_en/page.aspx?path=550|title=The Climate|publisher=Yushan National Park|accessdate=22 April 2018|archive-date=2018-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202523/http://www.ysnp.gov.tw/css_en/page.aspx?path=550|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Thailand}} | {{convert|-1.4|C|F}} | [[Sakon Nakhon Province|Sakon Nakhon]] | 2 Januar 1974<ref name="tmd">{{cite web |url=http://www.tmd.go.th/en/archive/thailand_climate.pdf |title=The Climate of Thailand |publisher=Thai Meteorological Department |accessdate=31 July 2016 |archive-date=2016-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801225446/http://www.tmd.go.th/en/archive/thailand_climate.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- | {{flag|Turkey}} | {{convert|-46.4|C|F}} | [[Çaldıran (Destrict), Van|Çaldıran]], [[Van Province]] | 9 Januar 1990<ref name="DMIGM"/> |- | {{flag|Turkmenistan}} | {{convert|-36.0|C|F}} | [[Daşoguz Region]] | ?<ref name=TurmenistanCC/> |- | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | {{convert|-5.4|C|F}} | [[Jebel Jais]] | 3 Februar 2017<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- | {{flag|Vietnam}} | {{convert|-6.1|C|F}} | [[Sa Pa]] | 4 Januar 1974<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imh.ac.vn/b_tintuc_sukien/bb_tt_khkt/mlfolder.2010-01-25.6091843748/mlfolder.2011-01-28.5026715834/mlnews.2011-01-28.5670939729 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312003953/http://www.imh.ac.vn/b_tintuc_sukien/bb_tt_khkt/mlfolder.2010-01-25.6091843748/mlfolder.2011-01-28.5026715834/mlnews.2011-01-28.5670939729 |archivedate=12 March 2012 |title=Vì sao miền Bắc lạnh bất thường? |publisher=Vietnam Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology |language=Vietnamese |accessdate=13 October 2016}}</ref> |} ==== Europe ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Albanie}} | {{convert|-25.8|C|F}} | ? | <ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/albania/climate-change/ |title=Albania |website=Climate Change Post}} </ref> |- | {{flag|Austrick}} | {{convert|-52.6|C|F}} | [[Grünloch]] doline | 19 Februar 1932<ref name="Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/icam2007/ICAM2007/extended/manuscript_95.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-07-22 |archive-date=2013-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112200637/http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/icam2007/ICAM2007/extended/manuscript_95.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Belaroushie}} | {{convert|-42.2|C|F}} | [[Slavnom]], [[Vitsebsk Voblast]] | 17 Januar 1940<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |author1=Baglasov Andrey |author2=Belov Alexandr |author3=Sinitsa Valentina |author4=Bychenkov Alexandr |url=http://www.pogoda.by/ |title=Department of Hydrometeorology |publisher=Pogoda.by |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822154324/http://pogoda.by/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Belgium}} | {{convert|-30.1|°C|°F}} | Valley o the [[Lesse]] in [[Rochefort, Belgium|Rochefort]] | 20 Januar 1940<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kmi.be/meteo/view/nl/1119603-Januari.html |title=KMI (Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute) site |publisher=Kmi.be |accessdate=29 January 2012 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928195714/http://www.kmi.be/meteo/view/nl/1119603-Januari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Bosnie an Herzegovinae}} | {{convert|-42.5|°C|°F}} | [[Igman]] in [[Sarajevo Canton]] | 24 Januar 1963<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108030246/https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/na-igmanu-je-1963-ziva-na-termometru-pala-na-minus-42-5/120210061 |archivedate=8 January 2017 |url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/na-igmanu-je-1963-ziva-na-termometru-pala-na-minus-42-5/120210061 |title=Interview with the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of BiH |publisher=Klix.ba |accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Bulgarie}} | {{convert|-38.3|C|F}} | [[Tran, Bulgarie|Tran]] | 25 Januar 1947<ref name="unfccc"/> |- | {{flag|Croatie}} | {{convert|-35.5|C|F}} | [[Čakovec]] | 3 Februar 1929<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom_/application/pdf/hrv_nc6.pdf#page=23 |title=Sixth National Communication and First Biennial Report of the Republic of Croatia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |publisher=Croatian Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection |language=English |accessdate=2 August 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cyprus}} | {{convert|-16|C|F}} | ? | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://viborc.com/lowest-temperatures-records-for-every-european-country/ |title=Lowest temperatures – list of records for every European country|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Czech Republic}} | {{convert|-42.2|C|F}} | [[Litvínovice]] | 11 Februar 1929<ref name=autogenerated2 /> |- | {{flag|Denmark}} | {{convert|-31.2|C|F}} | [[Thisted Municipality]], [[North Denmark Region]] | 8 Januar 1982<ref name="dmi"/> |- | {{flag|Estonia}} | {{convert|-43.5|C|F}} | [[Jõgeva]], [[Jõgeva Coonty]] | 17 Januar 1940<ref name=autogenerated3 /> |- | {{flag|Finland}} | {{convert|-51.5|C|F}} | Pokka, [[Kittilä]], [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]] | 28 Januar 1999<ref name=fmirecords/> |- | {{flag|France}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Mouthe]], [[Doubs]] | 17 Januar 1985<ref name="Méteo France">{{cite web |url=http://comprendre.meteofrance.com/pedagogique/dossiers/phenomenes/les_grands_froids?page_id=2764&document_id=4578&portlet_id=18309 |title=MétéoFrance |publisher=Comprendre.meteofrance.com |accessdate=29 January 2012 |archive-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513102352/http://comprendre.meteofrance.com/pedagogique/dossiers/phenomenes/les_grands_froids?page_id=2764&document_id=4578&portlet_id=18309 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Germany}} | {{convert|-45.9|C|F}} | [[Funtensee]], [[Berchtesgadener Land]], [[Bavarie]] | 24 December 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unwetterzentrale.de/uwz/495.html|title=Wetterextreme (Temperaturspanne von bis zu 146,5°C)|author=Andreas Wagner|date=August 2009|publisher=[[Meteomedia AG|MeteoGroup]]|accessdate=11 August 2014}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Greece}} | {{convert|-27.8|C|F}} | [[Ptolemaida]] | 27 Januar 1963<ref name="meteoclub1"/> |- | {{flag|Hungary}} | {{convert|-35|C|F}} | [[Görömbölytapolca]] | 16 Februar 1940<ref name="met.hu"/> |- | {{flag|Iceland}} | {{convert|-37.9|C|F|sigfig=3}} | [[Grímsstaðir]] | 21 Januar 1918<ref name="iceland"/> |- | {{flag|Ireland}} | {{convert|-19.1|C|F}} | [[Markree Castle]], [[County Sligo]] | 16 Januar 1881<ref name="Met Éireann" /> |- | {{flag|Italy}} | {{convert|-49.6|C|F}} | [[Busa Fradusta]], [[Pale di San Martino]] | 10 Februar 2013<ref name="montagna.tv">{{Cite web|url=https://www.montagna.tv/47324/record-di-freddo-in-italia-49-6c-sulle-pale-di-san-martino/|title=Record di freddo in Italia: -49.6°C sulle Pale di San Martino|date=10 May 2013}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Latvie}} | {{convert|-43.2|C|F}} | [[Daugavpils]] | 8 February 1956<ref name="meteolv"/> |- | {{flag|Lithuanie}} | {{convert|-42.9|C|F}} | [[Utena, Lithuanie|Utena]], [[Utena Coonty]] | 1 February 1956<ref name="record lithuania" /> |- | {{flag|Malta}} | {{convert|1.4|C|F}} | [[Maltae Internaitional Airport]] | 29 Januar 1981<ref name="MaltaCC"/><ref name=MaltaNSO/> |- | {{flag|Moldovae}} | {{convert|-35.5|°C|°F}} | [[Brătușeni]], [[Edineț Destrict]] | {{Dts|20 Januar 1963}}<ref name=Moldovarecords/> |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} | {{convert|-27.4|C|F}} | [[Winterswijk]] | 27 Januar 1942<ref name="meteonet1">{{cite web|url=http://weergegevens.nl/extremes_day.aspx?station=9999999&extreem=X_TX&order=1&maand=7&dag=25&country=3|title=Dagrecords van het weer van KNMI stations in Nederland|work=weergegevens.nl}}</ref> |- | {{flag|North Macedonie}} | {{convert|-31.5|C|F}} | [[Berovo]], [[Berovo Municipality]] | 27 Januar 1954<ref name="meteomk">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20070819153102/http://www.meteo.gov.mk/MeterolKlimaEkstremni.asp |archivedate=19 August 2007 |url=http://www.meteo.gov.mk/MeterolKlimaEkstremni.asp?X=1 |title=Климатски екстреми |publisher=Hydrometeorological Service |language=Macedonian |accessdate=4 February 2010 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Norawa}} | {{convert|-51.4|C|F}} | [[Karasjok]], [[Finnmark]] | 1 Januar 1886<ref name="DNMI" /> |- | {{flag|Poland}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Siedlce]], [[Masovian Voivodeship]] | 11 Januar 1940<ref name="klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl"/> |- | {{flag|Portugal}} | {{convert|-16.0|C|F}} | [[Penhas da Saúde]], [[Covilhã Municipality]]<br/>[[Miranda do Douro]] | 16 Januar 1945 an 5 Februar 1954<ref name="meteopt">{{cite web |url=http://www.freipedro.pt/tb/301299/soc8.htm |title=Terras da Beira – "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio |date=27 March 2014 |accessdate=31 March 2014 |language=pt |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812052145/http://www.freipedro.pt/tb/301299/soc8.htm |archivedate=12 August 2010 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Romanie}} | {{convert|-38.5|C|F}} | [[Bod, Braşov|Bod]], [[Braşov Coonty]] | 25 January 1942<ref>{{cite web|author=infoTURIST |url=http://www.infoturist.ro/romania.html |title=Romania |publisher=Infoturist.ro |date=25 January 1942 |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- | {{flagdeco|Roushie}} [[European Roushie]] | {{convert|-58.1|C|F}} | [[Ust' Shchugor]], [[Komi Republic]] | 31 December 1978<ref name="WMO"/> |- | {{flag|Serbie}} | {{convert|-39.5|C|F}} | [[Karajukica Bunari]], [[Zlatibor Destrict]] | 13 Januar 1985<ref name="hidmet"/> |- | {{flag|Slovakie}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Vígľaš|Vígľaš-Pstruša]] | 11 Februar 1929<ref name=slovakrecord/> |- | {{flag|Slovenie}} | {{convert|-34.5|C|F}} | [[Babno Polje]] | 15 Februar 1956 / 16 Februar 1956 / 13 Januar 1968{{refn |group="notes" |The lawest unoffeecially meisurt temperatur in Slovenie wis recordit at [[Komna]] on 9 Januar 2009 an reached {{convert|-49|C}}.}}<ref name="ARSO">{{cite web |url=http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf |title=Slovenski vremenski rekordi |publisher=Slovenian Environment Agency |language=Slovenian |page=2 |accessdate=22 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001118/http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Spain}} | {{convert|-30|C|F}} | [[Calamocha]] Airport, [[Province o Teruel|Teruel Province]] | 17 December 1963<ref name="AEMET">{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/divulgacion/resumen_efemerides/Resumen_extremos.pdf |title=Resumen de extremos climatológicos en España |publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |language=Spanish |accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sweden}} | {{convert|-52.6|C|F}} | [[Vuoggatjålme]], [[Lapland (Swaden)|Lappland]] | 2 Februar 1966<ref name="SMHI"/> |- | {{flag|Swisserland}} | {{convert|-41.8|C|F}} | [[La Brévine]] | 12 Januar 1987<ref name="Weather in Switzerland"/> |- | {{flag|Ukraine}} | {{convert|-41.9|C|F}} | [[Luhansk]] | 8 Januar 1935<ref name=cgo/><ref name="segodnya1">{{cite web |url=http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14068460.html |title=Погодные рекорды Украины &#124; Новости Украины &#124; СЕГОДНЯ |publisher=Segodnya.ua |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2009-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801122521/http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14068460.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} | {{convert|-27.2|C|F}} | [[Braemar]], [[Aberdeenshire]]<br/>[[Altnaharra]], [[Sutherland]] | 11 Februar 1895<br>10 Januar 1982<br/>30 December 1995<ref name="UK Met Office"/> |} ==== North Americae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location ! data-sort-type="ISOdate" | Date |- | {{flag|Antigua an Barbuda}} | {{convert|16.1|C|F}} | [[V. C. Bird Internaitional Airport]], [[Antigua]] | data-sort-value="1974-12-31" | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976<ref name=Antiguaclimate/><ref name=Antiguaclimatedata/> |- | {{flag|Canada}} | {{convert|-63.0|C|F}} | [[Snag, Yukon|Snag]], [[Yukon]] | data-sort-value="1947-02-03" | 3 February 1947<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/north-america-excluding-greenland-lowest-temperature |title=WMO Region IV (North America): Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=31 October 2016 |archive-date=2016-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101839/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/north-america-excluding-greenland-lowest-temperature |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cayman Islands}} | {{convert|11.1|C|F}} | [[Owen Roberts Internaitional Airport]], [[Grand Cayman]] | ?<ref name=Caymanclimate>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov.ky/portal/page/portal/nwshome/climate|title=Climate|publisher=National Weather Service (Cayman Islands Government)|accessdate=30 October 2016|archive-date=2016-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031033225/http://www.weather.gov.ky/portal/page/portal/nwshome/climate|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cuba}} | {{convert|0.6|C|F}} | Bainoa, [[Mayabeque Province]] | data-sort-value="1996-02-18" | 18 February 1996<ref name=Cubarecords/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/red/tiempo/programa_y_articulos_en_pdf.pdf |title=III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología |page=36 |publisher=ACQ & Asociados |language=Spanish |trans-title=Third Cuban Congress of Meteorology |accessdate=27 October 2011 |quote=Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6°C. |archive-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506113646/http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/red/tiempo/programa_y_articulos_en_pdf.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} | {{convert|-7.0|C|F}} | Valle Nuevo, [[La Vega Province]] | data-sort-value="1983-01-17" | 17 January 1983<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cassá Bernaldo de Quirós|first1=Constancio|title=Valle Nuevo: su historia y naturaleza|journal=Clío|date=July 2012|issue=184|page=222|url=http://clio.academiahistoria.org.do/trabajos/clio184/Clio_2012_No_184-07.pdf|accessdate=29 January 2015|publisher=Academia Dominicana de la Historia|language=Spanish|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216100933/http://clio.academiahistoria.org.do/trabajos/clio184/Clio_2012_No_184-07.pdf|archivedate=16 February 2015}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Greenland}} | {{convert|-66.1|C|F}} | [[North Ice]] | data-sort-value="1954-01-09" | 9 Januar 1954<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/wmo-region-6-lowest-temperature |title=WMO Region VI (Europe): Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=31 October 2016 |archive-date=2016-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101102132/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/wmo-region-6-lowest-temperature |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Guatemala}} | {{convert|-11.5|C|F}} | [[Olintepeque]], [[Quetzaltenango Department]] | ?<ref name="INSIVUMEH">{{cite web|url= http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/meteorologia/ESTADISTICAS.htm |title= Datos metorologicos de los departamentos |publisher= INSIVUMEH |language= spanish |accessdate=26 October 2011}}</ref> <!-- Note: THIS PAGE IS FOR OFFICIAL RECORDS ONLY, NOT REMOTELY SENSED OBSERVATIONS for example: http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/estados/193862/madera-el-lugar-mas-frio-de-mexico "aunque pocos lo saben porque aquí no hay medidor oficial", Translation: "though few know it because there is no official measurer" The source itself states that the record is not official! --> |- |{{flag|Martinique}} |{{convert|14.1|C|F}} |[[Le Lamentin]] |{{Dts|25 December 1964}}<ref name=martiniqueclimate/> |- | {{flag|Panama}} | {{convert|2.0|C|F}} | Bajo Grande, [[Chiriquí Province]] | data-sort-value="1995-02-20" | 20 February 1995<ref name=ETESA/> |- | {{flag|Puerto Rico}} | {{convert|40|F|C|order=flip}} | [[Aibonito]]/[[San Sebastián, Puerto Rico|San Sebastian]] | data-sort-value="1911-03-09" | 9 March 1911/ 24 January 1966<ref name=NWSpuertorico/> |- | {{flag|US Virgin Islands}} | {{convert|51.0|F|C|order=flip}} | [[Anna's Hope, U.S. Virgin Islands|Anna's Hope]], [[Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint Croix]] | data-sort-value="1954-01-31" | 31 January 1954<ref name=NWSpuertorico/> |- | {{flag|Unitit States}}<br> ({{flag|Alaska}}) | {{convert|-62.2|C|F}} | [[Prospect Creek, Alaska|Prospect Creek]], [[Alaska]] | data-sort-value="1971-01-23" | 23 January 1971<ref name="NCEC">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/ncec/records |title=National Climate Extremes Committee: Existing Records |publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]] |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Unitit States}}<br> ({{flag|Hawaii}}) | {{convert|-11.1|C|F}} | [[Mauna Kea]], [[Hawaii]] | data-sort-value="1979-05-17" | 17 May 1979<ref name=usstaterecords>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221174428/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records |archivedate=21 February 2018 |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records |title=State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC): Records by State |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Unitit States}}<br> (Mainland) | {{convert|-57.0|C|F}} | [[Rogers Pass (Montana)|Rogers Pass]], [[Montana]] | data-sort-value="1954-01-20" | 20 January 1954<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/tfx/tx.php?wfo=tfx&type=html&loc=text&fx=topweather| title = Top Ten Montana Weather Events of the 20th Century | work =National Weather Service Unveils Montana's Top Ten Weather/Water/Climate Events of the 20th Century | publisher = National Weather Service |accessdate=9 March 2007}}</ref> |} ==== Sooth Americae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperature !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Argentinae}} | {{convert|-32.8|C|F}} | [[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]], [[Chubut Province]] | 1 Juin 1907<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Arizona State University |url= http://wmo.asu.edu/#continental |title= World Meteorological Organization Global Weather & Climate Extremes Archive |accessdate= 7 June 2015}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Brazil}} | {{convert|-14.0|C|F}} | [[Caçador]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] | 11 Juin 1952<ref name="Caçador municipality">{{cite web |title = História de Caçador |url = http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18&section=Geral&newsID=a2969554.xml |publisher = A Notícia |language = Portuguese |trans-title = Quarta-feira pode ter recorde de temperatura mínima neste ano em Santa Catarina |year = 2010 |accessdate = 22 December 2010 |quote = Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14&nbsp;°C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8&nbsp;°C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of [[Morro da Igreja]], [[Urubici]], also in [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], would give the record to this locality. |archive-date = 2011-06-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103211/http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18&section=Geral&newsID=a2969554.xml |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ciram.epagri.sc.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=140&Itemid=364|title=Recordes de Frio em SC|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Chile}} | {{convert|-37|C|F|1}} | [[Coyhaique Alto]], [[Aysen Region]] | 21 June 2002<ref>{{cite news|title=Bajas temperaturas ponen en alerta a sector agrícola en Aysén|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2002/06/21/88368/bajas-temperaturas-ponen-en-alerta-a-sector-agricola-en-aysen.html|accessdate=18 August 2017|language=Spanish|archive-date=2017-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818093531/http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2002/06/21/88368/bajas-temperaturas-ponen-en-alerta-a-sector-agricola-en-aysen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|French Guiana}} | {{convert|16.9|C|F}} | [[Maripasoula]] | 23 Januar 1964<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101020827/http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/Climat973_2pages.pdf/0073f8b7-66af-4487-93e7-36a3c32d44e0 |archivedate=1 January 2019 |url= http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/Climat973_2pages.pdf/0073f8b7-66af-4487-93e7-36a3c32d44e0 |title= Le Climat Guyanais |publisher=Météo-France |language=French |accessdate= 31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Paraguay}} | {{convert|-7.5|C|F}} | [[Pratts Gill]], [[Boquerón Depairtment]] | 13 Julie 2000<ref>{{es icon}} [http://www.lanacion.com.py/articulo.php?con-12-grados-bajo-cero-en-asuncion-la-ola-polar-l&edicion=2&sec=10&art=28339 Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102005334/http://www.lanacion.com.py/articulo.php?con-12-grados-bajo-cero-en-asuncion-la-ola-polar-l&edicion=2&sec=10&art=28339 |date=2 January 2013 }}, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.</ref> |- | {{flag|Peru}} | {{convert|-25.2|C|F}} | [[Mazo Cruz]], [[Puno Region]] | 30 Juin 1966<ref>[http://bvpad.indeci.gob.pe/doc/pdf/esp/doc320/doc320_4b.pdf Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725004314/http://bvpad.indeci.gob.pe/doc/pdf/esp/doc320/doc320_4b.pdf |date=25 July 2011 }}, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.</ref> |- | {{flag|Uruguay}} | {{convert|-11.0|C|F}} | [[Melo, Uruguay|Melo]], [[Cerro Largo Depairtment]] | 14 Juin 1967<ref name=uruguayrecordssum/><ref name=uruguayrecordsraw/> |- | {{flag|Venezuela}} | {{convert|-12.0|C|F}} | [[Pico Piedras Blancas|Piedras Blancas]], [[Estado Mérida (Venezuela)|estado Mérida]] | 15 Januar 2010<ref name="mherrera"/> |} ==== Oceanie ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperature !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Australie}} | {{convert|-23.0|C|F}} | [[Charlotte Pass, New Sooth Wales]] | 29 Juin 1994<ref name="BoMExtremes"/> |- | {{flag|New Zealand}} | {{convert|-25.6|C|F}} | [[Ranfurly, New Zealand|Ranfurly]], [[Central Otago]] | 18 Julie 1903<ref name="TVNZ">{{cite web |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/new-record-zealand-s-coldest-day-4297892 |title=New record for New Zealand's coldest day |publisher=TVNZ |date=12 July 2011 |accessdate=12 July 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715024615/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/new-record-zealand-s-coldest-day-4297892 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Samoa}} | {{convert|11.1|C|F}} | [[Afiamalu, Samoa|Afiamalu]] | {{Dts|29 September 1971}}<ref name = WBsamoaclimate/> |} ===Ither law-temperatur records=== * '''Fastest temperatur drop:''' 27.2&nbsp;°C (49&nbsp;°F) in 5 meenits; [[Rapid City, Sooth Dakota]], 10 Januar 1911.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''Cauldest simmer (month o Julie in the Northren Hemisphere)''': {{convert|-33|C|F|1}} degrees; [[Summit Camp]], Greenland on 4 Julie 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=*Impressive cold in Greenland and near record accumulations of snow and ice|url=https://www.vencoreweather.com/blog/2017/7/6/115-pm-impressive-cold-in-greenland-and-near-record-accumulations-of-snow-and-ice|website=vencore weather|accessdate=29 July 2017}}</ref> ==Precipitation== * '''Least per year (locale)''': {{convert|0.2|mm|in}} per year or less, [[Quillagua]], [[Antofagasta Region]], [[Chile]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Time to Update World’s Driest and Wettest Locations?|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=131|publisher=Weather Underground|accessdate=10 June 2013|author=Christopher C. Burt|archive-date=2013-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329022116/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=131|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Rain=== * '''Maist in ane minute''': {{convert|38|mm|in|abbr=on}}; Barot, [[Guadeloupe]], 26 November 1970.<ref>{{cite web|title=Service Hydrologique de 1’O.R.S.T.O.M: Intensité extraordinaire de la précipitation du 26 novembre 1970 dans la région des Grands-Fonds de Guadeloupe|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/hydrologie/14877.pdf|accessdate=4 June 2013}}</ref> * '''Maist in ane oor''': {{convert|305|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 42 minutes. [[Holt, Missouri]], Unitit States, 22 Juin 1947.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 12 oors''': {{convert|1144|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cilaos]], [[Réunion]], 8 Januar 1966, during [[tropical cyclone]] Denise.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 24 oors''': {{convert|1825|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cilaos]], Réunion, 7–8 Januar 1966, during [[tropical cyclone]] Denise.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 48 oors''': {{convert|2493|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cherrapunji]], [[Meghalaya]], Indie, 15–16 Juin 1995.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 72 oors''': {{convert|3929|mm|in|abbr=on}}; Commerson, [[Réunion]], 24–26 Februar 2007.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 96 oors''': {{convert|4869|mm|in|abbr=on}}; Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 Februar 2007.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in ane year''': {{convert|26470|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cherrapunji]], [[Meghalaya]], Indie, 1860–1861.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Heichest average annual tot''': {{convert|11872|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Mawsynram]], [[Meghalaya]], Indie.<ref name="WMO"/> ===Snaw=== * '''Maist in ane-year period''': 31.5 meters (102&nbsp;ft); [[Mount Rainier]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], United States, 19 Februar 1971 tae 18 Februar 1972.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''Maist in ane saison (1 Julie – 30 Juin):''' 29.0&nbsp;meters, (95&nbsp;ft); [[Mount Baker]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], United States, 1998 throu 1999.<ref name="season snow record">{{Citation | last = Burt | first = Christopher | year = 2004 | title = Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book | publisher = W.W. Norton & Co. | ISBN = 0-393-32658-6 |page=77 }}</ref> * '''Maist in ane calendar month''' an '''greatest snow depth''' in North Americae: 990.6&nbsp;cm (390 inches) o snaw fell in [[Tamarack, Californie]] in Januar 1911, leadin tae a snaw depth in Mairch o 1145.5&nbsp;cm (451 inches).<ref name="season snow record"/><ref>Frank H. Forrester, ''1001 Questions Answered about the Weather'' (ISBN 0486242188), page 235: "The greatest amount of snowfall for a calendar month occurred at Tamarack, California, in January, 1911—390 inches."</ref> ==Wind speed== * '''Fastest ever recorded''': 484[[±]]32&nbsp;km/h (301[[±]]20&nbsp;mph) 3-second gust; Observed bi a [[Doppler On Wheels|DOW]] ([[Doppler weather radar|Doppler]] On Wheels) radar unit in a [[1999 Bridge Creek – Moore tornado|tornado]] near [[Oklahoma City]], Oklahoma on 3 Mey 1999.<ref name="fastest wind">{{cite web| url = http://cswr.org/dow/DOW.htm| title = Doppler On Wheels| accessdate = 18 February 2007| author = [http://cswr.org/ Center for Severe Weather Research]| year = 2006| archive-date = 2007-02-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070205124033/http://www.cswr.org/dow/dow.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref> * '''Fastest recorded wi an [[anemometer]]:''' 113.2&nbsp;m/s or {{convert|407|km/h|abbr=on}} 3-second gust; ane of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; [[Barrow Island (Western Australia)]], 10 Aprile 1996, during [[Cyclone Olivia]].<ref>[http://wmo.asu.edu/world-maximum-surface-wind-gust World: Maximum Surface Wind Gust (3-Second)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175240/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-maximum-surface-wind-gust |date=2016-03-03 }} at the World Meteorological Organization website</ref> * '''Fastest recorded wi an anemometer ootside a [[tropical cyclone]]:''' 372&nbsp;km/h (231&nbsp;mph) sustained 1-minute average; [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]], [[New Hampshire]], 12 Aprile 1934.<ref name="101 earth facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/101_earth_facts_030722-1.html |title=101 Amazing Earth Facts |publisher=SPACE.com |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> * '''Fastest daily average:''' 174&nbsp;km/h (108&nbsp;mph); [[Port Martin]] ([[Adélie Land]]), Antarctica, 24-oor period frae 21 Mairch 1951 tae 22 Mairch 1951.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> ==Tornadoes== {{Main|Tornado records}} [[File:Tri-State Tornado.JPG|thumb|250px|The Tri-State Tornado haulds mony records, includin the langest kent tornado track, fastest speed for a signeeficant tornado, an the deadliest tornado ootside o [[Bangladesh]].]] ===Deadliest in history=== * '''On Yird''': Approximately 1300 daiths; [[Manikganj Destrict]], Bangladesh on 26 Aprile 1989.<ref name="tornado project Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm |title=Tornadoes in Bangladesh |publisher=Tornadoproject.com |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2012-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919111413/http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''In North Americae:''' 695 daiths ([[Tri-State Tornado]]); [[Missouri]], [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], United States 18 Mairch 1925.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''In Europe:''' 600 or mair ([[Valletta, Malta Tornado|Grand Harbour Tornado]]); [[Valletta]], Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (soorces conflict)<ref name="TORRO records">{{cite web |url=http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php |title=Research: Tornado Extremes |publisher=TORRO |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2007-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814075710/http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''In Sooth Americae:''' 63 daiths, [[San Justo, Santa Fe|San Justo]], [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]], Argentina, 10 Januar 1973<ref name="Uno Santafe">{{cite web|url=http://www.unosantafe.com.ar/santafe/A-39-aos-del-tornado-en-San-Justo-el-unico-F5-en-toda-Sudamerica-y-Latinoamerica-20120110-0002.html"|title=A 39 años del tornado en San Justo, el único F5 en toda Sudamérica y Latinoamérica|publisher=Uno Santa Fe|accessdate=18 March 2014}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * '''In Australie:''' Three daiths, [[Kin Kin]], [[Queensland]] tornado, 14 August 1971<ref>{{cite web |author=National Climate Centre |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/storm1.htm |title=Australian Climate Extremes-Storm |publisher=BOM |accessdate=3 September 2012 |archiveurl=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/storm1.html |archivedate=2009-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ootbreaks=== * '''Lairgest an maist severe:''' The [[Aprile 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak]]: 207 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span o 24 oors, wi a tot o 337 occurrin throuoot the duration o the ootbreak. Thay affectit sax US states, an includit 11 [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF4s]] an 4 EF5s.<ref>[http://wmo.asu.edu/tornado-largest-tornado-outbreak World: Largest tornado Outbreak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926235427/http://wmo.asu.edu/tornado-largest-tornado-outbreak |date=2013-09-26 }} at the World Meteorological Organization website</ref> ==Tropical cyclones== {{Main|Leet o tropical cyclone records}} ===Maist intense (bi minimum surface air pressur)=== * '''Maist intense iver recordit''': 870&nbsp;hPa (25.63&nbsp;[[Inches o mercury|inHg]]); [[ee (cyclone)|ee]] o [[Typhoon Tip|Super Typhoon Tip]] ower the Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''Maist intense in the [[Western Hemisphere]]:''' 872&nbsp;hPa (25.75&nbsp;inHg); ee o [[Hurricane Patricia]] ower the eastren Paceefic Ocean, 23 October 2015.<ref name="strongest hurricane">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/hurricane-patricia-mexico-coast |title=Catastrophic Landfall Expected in Mexico Friday; Patricia Becomes Strongest Hurricane Ever Recorded |publisher=weather.com |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> * '''Maist intense iver recordit on laund:''' 892&nbsp;hPa (26.35&nbsp;inHg); Craig's Key, Florida, ee o the [[Labor Day Hurricane o 1935|Labor Day Hurricane]], 2 September 1935. While ither laundfawin tropical cyclones potentially haed lawer pressurs, data is vague frae auries ither nor the [[Atlantic basin]], especially afore the invention o [[wather satellite]]s.<ref name="lowest on land">{{cite web |url=http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp |title=Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book |publisher=Extremeweatherguide.com |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804232406/http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Ither severe wather== [[File:Hailstone.jpg|thumb|right|A pictur o the Aurora, Nebraska hailstone, measurt at {{convert|18.75|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} in [[circumference]]]] ===Hail=== {{Main|Leet o costly or deadly hailstorms}} * '''Hiviest offeecially recordit:''' {{convert|2.25|lb|kg|disp=flip|abbr=on}}; [[Gopalganj Destrict (Bangladesh)|Gopalganj Destrict]], Bangladesh, 14 Aprile 1986.<ref name="weather extremes">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf|title=Appendix I – Weather Extremes|publisher=[[National Weather Service]]|location=San Diego, California|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528065516/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf|archivedate=2008-05-28|accessdate=1 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Lairgest diameter offeecially measurt:''' {{convert|8.0|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on}} [[diameter]], {{convert|18.625|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} [[circumference]]; [[Vivian, Sooth Dakota]], 23 Julie 2010.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.crh.noaa.gov/abr/?n=stormdamagetemplate| title = Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July&nbsp;23, 2010| author = NWS| date = 30 July 2010| publisher = National Weather Service| location = [[Aberdeen, South Dakota]]| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rhd1coDR?url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/abr/?n=stormdamagetemplate| archivedate = 2010-08-03| accessdate = 3 August 2010| url-status = live}}</ref> * '''Lairgest circumference offeecially measurt:''' {{convert|18.75|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} circumference, {{convert|7.0|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on}} diameter; [[Aurora, Nebraska]], 22 Juin 2003.<ref name="weather extremes"/><ref name="NG Hail">{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0804_030804_largesthailstone.html |title=Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found |publisher=News.nationalgeographic.com |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> ===Lichtnin=== * '''Langest lichtnin bowt''': {{convert|321|km|mi|abbr=on}} on 20 Juin 2007 in [[Oklahoma]].<ref name=Lang2016>{{cite journal |last1=Lang |first1=Timothy |last2=Pédeboy |first2=Stéphane |last3=Rison |first3=William |last4=Cerveny |first4=Randall |last5=Montanyà |first5=Joan |last6=Chauzy |first6=Serge |last7=MacGorman |first7=Donald |last8=Holle |first8=Ronald |title= WMO World Record Lightning Extremes: Longest Reported Flash Distance and Longest Reported Flash Duration |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume= 98|issue= 6|pages=1153–1168 |date=September 2016 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0061.1 |pmid=28111477 |pmc=5240975 |bibcode =2017BAMS...98.1153L }}</ref><ref name=wmolightning>{{cite news|title=WMO rules on longest distance and longest duration lightning flashes|url=http://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-rules-longest-distance-and-longest-duration-lightning-flashes|accessdate=16 September 2016|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=16 September 2016|archive-date=2016-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917075936/http://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-rules-longest-distance-and-longest-duration-lightning-flashes|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Langest duration for a single lichtnin flash''': 7.74 seconds on 30 August 2012 in [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]], Fraunce.<ref name=Lang2016/><ref name=wmolightning/> * '''Maist strikes per year''': [[Catatumbo lichtnin]] in [[Loch Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]] earned the tap spot receivin an average rate o aboot 233 flashes per square kilometer per year.<ref name="NASA lightning">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2016/earths-new-lightning-capital-revealed.html |title=NASA – Earth's New Lightning Capital Revealed |publisher=Nasa.gov |accessdate=2 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=Albrecht2016>{{cite journal |last1=Albrecht |first1=Rachel |last2=Goodman |first2=Steven |last3=Buechler |first3=Dennis |last4=Blakeslee |first4=Richard |last5=Christian |first5=Hugh |title= Where are the lightning hotspots on Earth? |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume=97 |issue=11 |page= 2051|date=December 2016 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00193.1 |bibcode =2016BAMS...97.2051A }}</ref> ===UV=== *On Dec. 29, 2003, a warld-record UV index o 43.3 wis detectit at Bolivia's Licancabur volcano.<ref>http://www.livescience.com/46701-andes-highest-uv-index-measured.html</ref> ==Ither categories== * '''Heichest air pressur ever recorded (abuin 750 meters)''': 1084.8&nbsp;hPa (32.03&nbsp;inHg); [[Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl|Tosontsengel]], [[Khövsgöl Province]], [[Mongolia]], 19 December 2001.<ref name="ASU1">{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m |title=World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters |author= |work= |publisher=Arizona State University |accessdate=7 October 2012 |archive-date=2012-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013225735/http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is the equivalent [[sea-level pressur]]; Tosontsengel is locatit at {{convert|1300|m|ft}} abuin sea level. The heichest adjusted-tae-sea-level barometric pressur ever recordit (ablo 750 meters) wis at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Roushie (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261&nbsp;m (856.3&nbsp;ft)) on 31 December 1968 o 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).<ref name="ASU2">{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-sea-level-air-pressure-below-700m |title=World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Below 750 meters |author= |work= |publisher=Arizona State University |accessdate=7 October 2012 |archive-date=2012-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013225154/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-sea-level-air-pressure-below-700m |url-status=dead }}</ref> The discrimination is due tae the problematic assumptions (assumin a staundart lapse rate) associatit wi reduction o sea level frae heich elevations.<ref name="ASU1"/><ref name="ASU2"/> ==See an aa== {{Portal|Wather}} * [[Extremes on Yird]] * [[Leet o extreme temperaturs in Canadae]] * [[UK rainfaw records]] * [[U.S. state temperatur extremes]] * [[Wather extremes in Canadae]] * [[2013 extreme wather events]] ==Notes== {{Reflist|group="notes"}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/monitoring/extremes/ncec.html National Climate Extremes Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829221108/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/monitoring/extremes/ncec.html |date=2009-08-29 }} * [http://wmo.asu.edu/ Global Weather & Climate Extremes] (Arizona State Varsity) {{Portal bar|Wather}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leet O Wather Records}} [[Category:Leets o wather records| ]] [[Category:Wather extremes o Yird]] opi0anq1dyjw1viml8620envow3rqff 10 138832 918627 517057 2026-06-23T09:58:56Z CommonsDelinker 411 Replacin' Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg wi' [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 918627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Destricts o Ica Region | title = * [[File:War flag of Peru.svg|25px|Flag of Peru]] * Destricts o [[Ica Region]] * [[Peru]] | bodyclass = hlist | group1 = [[Chincha Province|Chincha]] | list1 = * [[Alto Larán Destrict|Alto Larán]] * [[Chavín Destrict|Chavín]] * [[Chincha Alta Destrict|Chincha Alta]] * [[Chincha Baja Destrict|Chincha Baja]] * [[El Carmen Destrict, Chincha|El Carmen]] * [[Grocio Prado Destrict|Grocio Prado]] * [[Pueblo Nuevo Destrict, Chincha|Pueblo Nuevo]] * [[San Juan de Yanac Destrict|San Juan de Yanac]] * [[San Pedro de Huacarpana Destrict|San Pedro de Huacarpana]] * [[Sunampe Destrict|Sunampe]] * [[Tambo de Mora Destrict|Tambo de Mora]] | group2 = [[Ica Province|Ica]] | list2 = * [[Ica Destrict|Ica]] * [[La Tinguiña Destrict|La Tinguiña]] * [[Los Aquijes Destrict|Los Aquijes]] * [[Ocucaje Destrict|Ocucaje]] * [[Pachacutec Destrict|Pachacutec]] * [[Parcona Destrict|Parcona]] * [[Pueblo Nuevo Destrict, Ica|Pueblo Nuevo]] * [[Salas Destrict, Ica|Salas]] * [[San José de los Molinos Destrict|San José de los Molinos]] * [[San Juan Bautista Destrict, Ica|San Juan Bautista]] * [[Santiago Destrict, Ica|Santiago]] * [[Subtanjalla Destrict|Subtanjalla]] * [[Tate Destrict|Tate]] * [[Yauca del Rosario Destrict|Yauca del Rosario]] | group3 = [[Nazca Province|Nazca]] | list3 = * [[Changuillo Destrict|Changuillo]] * [[El Ingenio Destrict|El Ingenio]] * [[Marcona Destrict|Marcona]] * [[Nazca Destrict|Nazca]] * [[Vista Alegre Destrict, Nazca|Vista Alegre]] | group4 = [[Palpa Province|Palpa]] | list4 = * [[Llipata Destrict|Llipata]] * [[Palpa Destrict, Peru|Palpa]] * [[Río Grande Destrict, Palpa|Río Grande]] * [[Santa Cruz Destrict, Palpa|Santa Cruz]] * [[Tibillo Destrict|Tibillo]] | group5 = [[Pisco Province|Pisco]] | list5 = * [[Huancano Destrict|Huancano]] * [[Humay Destrict|Humay]] * [[Independencia Destrict, Pisco|Independencia]] * [[Paracas Destrict|Paracas]] * [[Pisco Destrict|Pisco]] * [[San Andrés Destrict|San Andrés]] * [[San Clemente Destrict|San Clemente]] * [[Tupac Amaru Inca Destrict|Tupac Amaru Inca]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Peru destrict templates|Ica]] [[Category:Templates that add a category]] </noinclude><includeonly> [[Category:Destricts o Ica Region]] </includeonly> mrsezoavqdidzuxuqsaypb7rbcy60rg 10 138837 918628 517061 2026-06-23T10:00:25Z CommonsDelinker 411 Replacin' Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg wi' [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 918628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{navbox | name = Provinces o Ica Region | title = * [[File:War flag of Peru.svg|25px|Flag of Peru]] * Provinces o [[Ica Region]] * [[Peru]] | bodyclass = hlist | list1 = * [[Chincha Province|Chincha]] * [[Ica Province|Ica]] * [[Nazca Province|Nazca]] * [[Palpa Province|Palpa]] * [[Pisco Province|Pisco]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Peru province templates|Ica]] </noinclude><includeonly> {{main other|[[Category:Provinces o Ica Region]] [[Category:Provinces o Peru]]}} </includeonly> h2z68axqiso5c4pdi1zuzuyphw4e48b 0 161029 918658 906546 2026-06-23T11:30:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 918658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Drake | image = Drake and Future 2016 Summer Sixteen Tour.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Drake performin at [[OVO Fest]] in 2016 | birth_name = Aubrey Drake Graham | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|10|24}} | birth_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canadae | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer * actor }} | years_active = 2001–present | website = {{URL|drakeofficial.com/}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = [[Vocals]] | genre = {{flatlist| *[[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] *[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[OVO Sound]] * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] * [[Aspire Music Group|Aspire]] * [[Universal Motown Records|Universal Motown]] * [[Boy Better Know]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] * [[Rihanna]] * [[Kanye West]] * [[The Weeknd]] * [[PartyNextDoor]] }} }} }} '''Aubrey Drake Graham''' (born 24 October 1986 in [[Toronto]]),<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/drake-mn0001035294|title=Drake - Music Biography, Credits and Discography|publisher=AllMusic | first= Andy|last= Kellman}}</ref> kent simply as '''Drake''', is a Canadian rapper, sangster, sangwriter, record producer, an actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1013044/|title= Aubrey Graham |publisher=Internet Movie Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/arts/music/drakes-take-care-goes-to-moody-places.html?pagewanted=all|title=Drake Pushes Rap Toward the Gothic|last=Caramanca|first=Jon|date=November 16, 2011|accessdate=February 1, 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drake}} [[Category:Drake (rapper)| ]] [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Toronto]] [[Category:Black Canadian muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian expatriate muisickers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Canadian hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian male bairn actors]] [[Category:Canadian male film actors]] [[Category:Canadian male sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Canadian male vyce actors]] [[Category:Canadian muisic industry executives]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o African-American strynd]] [[Category:Canadian pop sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian rappers]] [[Category:Canadian sangwriters]] [[Category:Canadian businessfowk]] [[Category:Canadian rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Jewish Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Jewish Canadian muisickers]] [[Category:Jewish rappers]] [[Category:Jewish sangsters]] [[Category:Juno Awaird winners]] [[Category:Male actors frae Toronto]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Toronto]] [[Category:Toronto Raptors personnel]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian male comedians]] [[Category:Canadian rhythm an blues muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian emigrants tae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Canadian male rappers]] [[Category:Canadian male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Jewish hip hop producers]] [[Category:Fowk frae Weston, Toronto]] [[Category:Canadian sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Canadian hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Black Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Jewish strynd]] lcp0lv9rkegbbs738gjdxwj696ab4d5 0 201275 918666 897930 2026-06-23T11:39:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 918666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox musical artist |name = Gucci Mane |background = solo_singer | image = Gucci Mane, Clout Festival 2024 03.jpg |birth_name = Radric Delantic Davis |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1980|2|12}} |birth_place = [[Bessemer, Alabama]], Unitit States |origin = [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], Unitit States |genre = {{flatlist| * [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] * [[Trap muisic|trap]] * [[soothren hip hop]] }} |occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter }} |instrument = [[Vocals]] |years_active = 2001–present |label = {{flatlist| * [[1017 Records|1017]] * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] {{small|(current)}} * [[Tommy Boy Entertainment|Tommy Boy]] * [[Asylum Records|Asylum]] * [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]] {{small|(umwhile)}} }} | associated_acts = <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Gucci Mane; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> {{flatlist| *[[2 Chainz]] *[[Chief Keef]] *[[Future (rapper)|Future]] *[[Migos]] *[[OJ da Juiceman]] *[[Rick Ross]] *[[Shawty Lo]] *[[Soulja Boy]] *[[Waka Flocka Flame]] *[[Yo Gotti]] *[[Young Thug]] }} |website = {{URL|www.guccimaneonline.com/}} }} '''Radric Delantic Davis''' (born 12 Februar 1980),<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p703775/biography|pure_url=yes}}|title=Gucci Mane > Biography|last=Cordor|first=Cyril|year=2007|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=Mey 3, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mugshots.com/US-Counties/Georgia/Fulton-County-GA/Radric-Davis.70619217.html|title=Radric Davis Mugshot – Radric Davis Arrest – Fulton County, GA|publisher=|accessdate=June 14, 2015}}</ref> kent professionally as '''Gucci Mane''', is an American rapper, record producer, record executive, sangwriter, and actor. Syne releasin his debut album ''[[Trap House]]'' in 2005, Gucci haes gaun on tae release 12 studio albums an ower 70 mixtapes. In 2007, Gucci Mane foondit his ain label, [[1017 Records]]. He helped tae pioneer the hip hop subgenre [[Trap muisic (hip hop)|trap muisic]], alangside fellae Atlanta-based rappers [[T.I.]] an [[Young Jeezy]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/aug/13/trap-kings-how-hip-hop-sub-genre-dominated-decade|title=Trap kings: how the hip-hop sub-genre dominated the decade|first=Christina|last=Lee|date=August 13, 2015|publisher=|via=The Guardian}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Gucci Mane}} * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.guccimaneonline.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gucci Mane}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:21st-century American muisickers]] [[Category:1017 Brick Squad airtists]] [[Category:African-American business executives]] [[Category:American business executives]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:American businesspeople convicted o crimes]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American fowk convicted o assault]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o drog offences]] [[Category:Asylum Records airtists]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Criminals frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Gangsta rappers]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Birmingham, Alabama]] [[Category:Rappers frae Alabama]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Southern hip hop muisickers]] g9f55jvx54xgqo1be6mvr918tczlcqi 0 201281 918653 906657 2026-06-23T11:25:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 918653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Future | image = Future (rapper) 2014 (cropped).JPG | caption = Future in Julie 2014 | birth_name = Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn | alias = {{flatlist| * Future Hendrix<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|title=Future Shares New Music On Snapchat|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=April 10, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234411/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Meathead<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161309/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nayvadius Cash<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|title=Big Gipp Details Future's Dungeon Family Background; Rapper Was Known As Meathead|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2016-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020547/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|11|20}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer }} | partner = [[Ciara]] <small>(2013–2014)</small> | relatives = [[Organized Noize|Rico Wade]] <small>(cousin)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161447/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | children = 6 | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Southern hip hop]] * [[trap muisic|trap]] * [[mumble rap]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] }} | years_active = 2003–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[A1 Recordings|A1]] * [[Freebandz]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * keyboards }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Gucci Mane]] * [[Juice Wrld]] * [[Lil Uzi Vert]] * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Metro Boomin]] * [[Mike Will Made It]] * [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]] * [[Southside (record producer)|Southside]] * [[Young Scooter]] * [[Young Thug]] * [[Zaytoven]] * [[Dungeon Family]] * [[DJ Esco]] }} | website = {{URL|futurefreebandz.com/}} }} }} '''Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn''' (born 20 November 1983), kent professionally as '''Future''', is an American rapper, sangster, sangwriter, an record producer. He haes wirkit wi airtists like [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]], [[Juice WRLD]], an [[Lil Wayne]]. He is recognizit fur his mumble-style vocals a prolific output, an he's considered a pioneer o usin Autotuned melodies in trap muisic. His influence haes made him ane o the most influential rappers o his generation. ==Early Life== Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn wis born on 20 November 1983 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgie, Unitit States|Georgie]], [[Unitit States]]. He went to Columbia High School in Decatur. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.freebandz.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Future}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American male singer-sangwriters]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Epic Records artists]] [[Category:Fowk frae DeKalb County, Georgia]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Southern hip hop muisickers]] qwlrsck14776v6ck0ecmx7xbefropgb 918654 918653 2026-06-23T11:25:47Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Future | image = Future (rapper) 2014 (cropped).JPG | caption = Future in Julie 2014 | birth_name = Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn | alias = {{flatlist| * Future Hendrix<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|title=Future Shares New Music On Snapchat|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=April 10, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234411/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Meathead<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161309/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nayvadius Cash<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|title=Big Gipp Details Future's Dungeon Family Background; Rapper Was Known As Meathead|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2016-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020547/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|11|20}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer }} | partner = [[Ciara]] <small>(2013–2014)</small> | relatives = [[Organized Noize|Rico Wade]] <small>(cousin)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161447/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | children = 6 | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Southern hip hop]] * [[trap muisic|trap]] * [[mumble rap]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] }} | years_active = 2003–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[A1 Recordings|A1]] * [[Freebandz]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * keyboards }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Gucci Mane]] * [[Juice Wrld]] * [[Lil Uzi Vert]] * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Metro Boomin]] * [[Mike Will Made It]] * [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]] * [[Southside (record producer)|Southside]] * [[Young Scooter]] * [[Young Thug]] * [[Zaytoven]] * [[Dungeon Family]] * [[DJ Esco]] }} | website = {{URL|futurefreebandz.com/}} }} }} '''Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn''' (born 20 November 1983), kent professionally as '''Future''', is an American rapper, sangster, sangwriter, an record producer. He haes wirkit wi airtists like [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]], [[Juice WRLD]], an [[Lil Wayne]]. He is recognizit fur his mumble-style vocals a prolific output, an he's considered a pioneer o usin Autotuned melodies in trap muisic. His influence haes made him ane o the most influential rappers o his generation. ==Early life== Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn wis born on 20 November 1983 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgie, Unitit States|Georgie]], [[Unitit States]]. He went to Columbia High School in Decatur. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.freebandz.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Future}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American male singer-sangwriters]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Epic Records artists]] [[Category:Fowk frae DeKalb County, Georgia]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Southern hip hop muisickers]] nkco0hfcm3czvzsgcjlbigj8t3scg78 918655 918654 2026-06-23T11:28:07Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Future | image = Future (rapper) 2014 (cropped).JPG | caption = Future in Julie 2014 | birth_name = Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn | alias = {{flatlist| * Future Hendrix<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|title=Future Shares New Music On Snapchat|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=April 10, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234411/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Meathead<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161309/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nayvadius Cash<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|title=Big Gipp Details Future's Dungeon Family Background; Rapper Was Known As Meathead|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2016-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020547/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|11|20}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer }} | partner = [[Ciara]] <small>(2013–2014)</small> | relatives = [[Organized Noize|Rico Wade]] <small>(cousin)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161447/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | children = 6 | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Southern hip hop]] * [[trap muisic|trap]] * [[mumble rap]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] }} | years_active = 2003–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[A1 Recordings|A1]] * [[Freebandz]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * keyboards }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Gucci Mane]] * [[Juice Wrld]] * [[Lil Uzi Vert]] * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Metro Boomin]] * [[Mike Will Made It]] * [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]] * [[Southside (record producer)|Southside]] * [[Young Scooter]] * [[Young Thug]] * [[Zaytoven]] * [[Dungeon Family]] * [[DJ Esco]] }} | website = {{URL|futurefreebandz.com/}} }} }} '''Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn''' (born 20 November 1983), kent professionally as '''Future''', is an American rapper, sangster, sangwriter, an record producer. He haes wirkit wi airtists lik [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]], [[Juice WRLD]], an [[Lil Wayne]]. He is recognised fur his mumble-style vocals a prolific ootpit, an he's considered a pioneer o uisin Autotuned melodies in trap muisic. His influence haes makkit him ane o the maist influential rappers o his generation. ==Early life== Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn wis born on 20 November 1983 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgie, Unitit States|Georgie]]. He wint tae Columbia Heich Schuil in Decatur. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.freebandz.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Future}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American male singer-sangwriters]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Epic Records artists]] [[Category:Fowk frae DeKalb County, Georgia]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Southern hip hop muisickers]] fk41hyptpm799q4iqy3qznho6he5zdw 918656 918655 2026-06-23T11:28:52Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Future | image = Future (rapper) 2014 (cropped).JPG | caption = Future in Julie 2014 | birth_name = Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn | alias = {{flatlist| * Future Hendrix<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|title=Future Shares New Music On Snapchat|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=April 10, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234411/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Meathead<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161309/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nayvadius Cash<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|title=Big Gipp Details Future's Dungeon Family Background; Rapper Was Known As Meathead|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2016-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020547/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|11|20}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer }} | partner = [[Ciara]] <small>(2013–2014)</small> | relatives = [[Organized Noize|Rico Wade]] <small>(cousin)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161447/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | children = 6 | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Southern hip hop]] * [[trap muisic|trap]] * [[mumble rap]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] }} | years_active = 2003–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[A1 Recordings|A1]] * [[Freebandz]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * keyboards }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Gucci Mane]] * [[Juice Wrld]] * [[Lil Uzi Vert]] * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Metro Boomin]] * [[Mike Will Made It]] * [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]] * [[Southside (record producer)|Southside]] * [[Young Scooter]] * [[Young Thug]] * [[Zaytoven]] * [[Dungeon Family]] * [[DJ Esco]] }} | website = {{URL|futurefreebandz.com/}} }} }} '''Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn''' (born 20 November 1983), kent professionally as '''Future''', is an American rapper, sangster, sangwriter, an record producer. He haes wirkit wi airtists lik [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]], [[Juice WRLD]], an [[Lil Wayne]]. He is recognised fur his mumble-style vocals a prolific ootpit, an he's considered a pioneer o uisin Autotuned melodies in trap muisic. His influence haes makkit him ane o the maist influential rappers o his generation. ==Early life== Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn wis born on 20 November 1983 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgie, Unitit States|Georgie]]. He wint tae Columbia Heich Schuil in Decatur. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.freebandz.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Future}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American male singer-sangwriters]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Epic Records artists]] [[Category:Fowk frae DeKalb County, Georgia]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Southern hip hop muisickers]] 4vfl5b6nny4myulc4cx5dsimziqcqn2 918657 918656 2026-06-23T11:29:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Future | image = Future (rapper) 2014 (cropped).JPG | caption = Future in Julie 2014 | birth_name = Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn | alias = {{flatlist| * Future Hendrix<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|title=Future Shares New Music On Snapchat|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=April 10, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234411/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Meathead<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161309/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nayvadius Cash<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|title=Big Gipp Details Future's Dungeon Family Background; Rapper Was Known As Meathead|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=2018-07-30|archive-date=2016-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020547/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|11|20}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgie]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer }} | partner = [[Ciara]] <small>(2013–2014)</small> | relatives = [[Organized Noize|Rico Wade]] <small>(cousin)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-date=2018-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161447/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | children = 6 | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Soothren hip hop]] * [[trap muisic|trap]] * [[mumble rap]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] }} | years_active = 2003–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[A1 Recordings|A1]] * [[Freebandz]] * [[Epic Records|Epic]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * keybuirds }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Gucci Mane]] * [[Juice Wrld]] * [[Lil Uzi Vert]] * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Metro Boomin]] * [[Mike Will Made It]] * [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]] * [[Southside (record producer)|Southside]] * [[Young Scooter]] * [[Young Thug]] * [[Zaytoven]] * [[Dungeon Family]] * [[DJ Esco]] }} | website = {{URL|futurefreebandz.com/}} }} }} '''Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn''' (born 20 November 1983), kent professionally as '''Future''', is an American rapper, sangster, sangwriter, an record producer. He haes wirkit wi airtists lik [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]], [[Juice WRLD]], an [[Lil Wayne]]. He is recognised fur his mumble-style vocals a prolific ootpit, an he's considered a pioneer o uisin Autotuned melodies in trap muisic. His influence haes makkit him ane o the maist influential rappers o his generation. ==Early life== Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn wis born on 20 November 1983 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgie, Unitit States|Georgie]]. He wint tae Columbia Heich Schuil in Decatur. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.freebandz.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Future}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American male singer-sangwriters]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Epic Records artists]] [[Category:Fowk frae DeKalb County, Georgia]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Southern hip hop muisickers]] fwsepsjjv8feloshq62ohxkavhpnvxx 0 201417 918662 911984 2026-06-23T11:35:47Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 918662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox musical artist | name = Young Dolph | background = solo_singer | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Young Dolph in Nashville, Tennessee in 2017 <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> | birth_name = Adolph Thornton, Jr. | alias = Dolph Obama<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|title=Young Dolph: Memphis Rapper on Life From 'Crack Baby' to Streaming Star|publisher=Rolling Stone|last=Reeves|first=Mosi|date=May 4, 2017|accessdate=October 22, 2017|archive-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173742/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1985|7|27|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/young-dolph/profile/|title=Young Dolph|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=March 17, 2016}}</ref> | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2021|11|17|1985|7|27}}}} | death_place = [[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S. | origin = [[Memphis]], [[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]], United States | genre = {{hlist|[[Southern hip hop]]|[[gangsta rap]]|[[Memphis rap]]|[[trap muisic|trap]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangwriter|record executive}} | years_active = 2008–2021 | label = {{hlist|Paper Route Empire|[[1017 Brick Squad]]}} | associated_acts = <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> {{hlist|[[2 Chainz]]|[[Berner (rapper)|Berner]]|[[Gucci Mane]]|[[Key Glock]]|[[O.T. Genasis]]|[[Peewee Longway]]|[[Zaytoven]]|[[Young Scooter]]}} | website = {{URL|www.youngdolph.com}} }} '''Adolph Thornton, Jr.''' (born 27 Julie 1985 – 17 November 2021), better kent bi his [[stage name]] '''Young Dolph''', was an American rapper. In February 2016, Dolph released his debut studio album, ''King of Memphis'', which peaked at number 49 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|title=Hip Hop Album Sales: Yo Gotti, Kevin Gates & Young Dolph|work=[[HipHopDX]]|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=March 1, 2016|first=Victoria|last=Hernandez|archive-date=2019-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402221445/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kramer|first1=Kyle|title=PREMIERE: Stream Young Dolph's New Album, 'King of Memphis'|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|publisher=Noisey|date=February 18, 2016|accessdate=March 29, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323210657/http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis featurt on [[O.T. Genasis]]' hit single "[[Cut It (sang)|Cut It]]", which peaked at number 35 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0003085896|label=Young Dolph}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:2021 daiths]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangwriters]] icp64tgj30p73izzhtcsalx8t61dpk1 918663 918662 2026-06-23T11:36:49Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox musical artist | name = Young Dolph | background = solo_singer | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Young Dolph in Nashville, Tennessee in 2017 <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> | birth_name = Adolph Thornton, Jr. | alias = Dolph Obama<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|title=Young Dolph: Memphis Rapper on Life From 'Crack Baby' to Streaming Star|publisher=Rolling Stone|last=Reeves|first=Mosi|date=May 4, 2017|accessdate=October 22, 2017|archive-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173742/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1985|7|27|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/young-dolph/profile/|title=Young Dolph|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=March 17, 2016}}</ref> | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2021|11|17|1985|7|27}}}} | death_place = [[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S. | origin = [[Memphis]], [[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]], United States | genre = {{hlist|[[Southern hip hop]]|[[gangsta rap]]|[[Memphis rap]]|[[trap muisic|trap]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangwriter|record executive}} | years_active = 2008–2021 | label = {{hlist|Paper Route Empire|[[1017 Brick Squad]]}} | associated_acts = <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> {{hlist|[[2 Chainz]]|[[Berner (rapper)|Berner]]|[[Gucci Mane]]|[[Key Glock]]|[[O.T. Genasis]]|[[Peewee Longway]]|[[Zaytoven]]|[[Young Scooter]]}} | website = {{URL|www.youngdolph.com}} }} '''Adolph Thornton, Jr.''' (born 27 Julie 1985 – 17 November 2021), kent professionally as '''Young Dolph''', wis an American rapper. In Februar 2016, Dolph lowsed his debut studio album, ''King of Memphis'', that peakit at nummer 49 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chairt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|title=Hip Hop Album Sales: Yo Gotti, Kevin Gates & Young Dolph|work=[[HipHopDX]]|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=March 1, 2016|first=Victoria|last=Hernandez|archive-date=2019-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402221445/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kramer|first1=Kyle|title=PREMIERE: Stream Young Dolph's New Album, 'King of Memphis'|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|publisher=Noisey|date=February 18, 2016|accessdate=March 29, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323210657/http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis featurt on [[O.T. Genasis]]' hit single "[[Cut It (sang)|Cut It]]", that peakit at nummer 35 on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0003085896|label=Young Dolph}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:2021 daiths]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangwriters]] jvyzzb74qlex99o6w0y4v1dotlcu8bm 918664 918663 2026-06-23T11:37:17Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox muisical airtist | name = Young Dolph | background = solo_singer | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Young Dolph in Nashville, Tennessee in 2017 <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> | birth_name = Adolph Thornton, Jr. | alias = Dolph Obama<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|title=Young Dolph: Memphis Rapper on Life From 'Crack Baby' to Streaming Star|publisher=Rolling Stone|last=Reeves|first=Mosi|date=May 4, 2017|accessdate=October 22, 2017|archive-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173742/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1985|7|27|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/young-dolph/profile/|title=Young Dolph|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=March 17, 2016}}</ref> | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2021|11|17|1985|7|27}}}} | death_place = [[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S. | origin = [[Memphis]], [[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]], United States | genre = {{hlist|[[Southern hip hop]]|[[gangsta rap]]|[[Memphis rap]]|[[trap muisic|trap]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangwriter|record executive}} | years_active = 2008–2021 | label = {{hlist|Paper Route Empire|[[1017 Brick Squad]]}} | associated_acts = <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> {{hlist|[[2 Chainz]]|[[Berner (rapper)|Berner]]|[[Gucci Mane]]|[[Key Glock]]|[[O.T. Genasis]]|[[Peewee Longway]]|[[Zaytoven]]|[[Young Scooter]]}} | website = {{URL|www.youngdolph.com}} }} '''Adolph Thornton, Jr.''' (born 27 Julie 1985 – 17 November 2021), kent professionally as '''Young Dolph''', wis an American rapper. In Februar 2016, Dolph lowsed his debut studio album, ''King of Memphis'', that peakit at nummer 49 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chairt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|title=Hip Hop Album Sales: Yo Gotti, Kevin Gates & Young Dolph|work=[[HipHopDX]]|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=March 1, 2016|first=Victoria|last=Hernandez|archive-date=2019-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402221445/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kramer|first1=Kyle|title=PREMIERE: Stream Young Dolph's New Album, 'King of Memphis'|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|publisher=Noisey|date=February 18, 2016|accessdate=March 29, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323210657/http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis featurt on [[O.T. Genasis]]' hit single "[[Cut It (sang)|Cut It]]", that peakit at nummer 35 on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0003085896|label=Young Dolph}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:2021 daiths]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangwriters]] path2vvsm6i1u2h42js4qd4kcrldyvo 918665 918664 2026-06-23T11:38:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox muisical airtist | name = Young Dolph | background = solo_singer | image_size = 200 | caption = Young Dolph in Nashville, Tennessee in 2017 | birth_name = Adolph Thornton, Jr. | alias = Dolph Obama<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|title=Young Dolph: Memphis Rapper on Life From 'Crack Baby' to Streaming Star|publisher=Rolling Stone|last=Reeves|first=Mosi|date=May 4, 2017|accessdate=October 22, 2017|archive-date=2018-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173742/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/young-dolph-memphis-rapper-talks-tumultuous-life-w479848|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1985|7|27|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/young-dolph/profile/|title=Young Dolph|work=HotNewHipHop|accessdate=March 17, 2016}}</ref> | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2021|11|17|1985|7|27}}}} | death_place = [[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S. | origin = [[Memphis]], [[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Soothren hip hop]]|[[gangsta rap]]|[[Memphis rap]]|[[trap muisic|trap]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangwriter|record executive}} | years_active = 2008–2021 | label = {{hlist|Paper Route Empire|[[1017 Brick Squad]]}} | associated_acts = <!-- Exercise constraint and add only the NOTABLE acts associated with Dolph; see [[Template:Infobox musical artist#Associated acts]] for criteria --> {{hlist|[[2 Chainz]]|[[Berner (rapper)|Berner]]|[[Gucci Mane]]|[[Key Glock]]|[[O.T. Genasis]]|[[Peewee Longway]]|[[Zaytoven]]|[[Young Scooter]]}} | website = {{URL|www.youngdolph.com}} }} '''Adolph Thornton, Jr.''' (born 27 Julie 1985 – 17 November 2021), kent professionally as '''Young Dolph''', wis an American rapper. In Februar 2016, Dolph lowsed his debut studio album, ''King of Memphis'', that peakit at nummer 49 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chairt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|title=Hip Hop Album Sales: Yo Gotti, Kevin Gates & Young Dolph|work=[[HipHopDX]]|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=March 1, 2016|first=Victoria|last=Hernandez|archive-date=2019-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402221445/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37692/title.hip-hop-album-sales-yo-gotti-kevin-gates-young-dolph|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kramer|first1=Kyle|title=PREMIERE: Stream Young Dolph's New Album, 'King of Memphis'|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|publisher=Noisey|date=February 18, 2016|accessdate=March 29, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323210657/http://noisey.vice.com/blog/young-dolph-king-of-memphis-album-premiere|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis featurt on [[O.T. Genasis]]' hit single "[[Cut It (sang)|Cut It]]", that peakit at nummer 35 on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0003085896|label=Young Dolph}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:2021 daiths]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangwriters]] df8kw0xrum9shgkr01oqrykwr08xsch 0 208527 918579 880757 2026-06-22T17:40:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national military | country = Libie | native_name = | image = | alt = | caption = | image2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = | motto = | founded = 1951 | current_form = 2016 | disbanded = | branches = {{army|Libie}}<br />{{navy|Libie}}<br />{{air force|Libie}} | headquarters = [[Tripoli]] | flying_hours = | website = {{URL|defense.gov.ly/}} <!-- Leadership --> | commander-in-chief = [[Fayez al-Sarraj]] | commander-in-chief_title = | chief minister = | chief minister_title = | minister = Fayez al-Sarraj | minister_title = | commander = Lt. Gen. [[Mohammed al-Shareef]] | commander_title = <!-- Manpower --> | age = 18 (2012)<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ly.html Libya – The CIA World Factbook]</ref> | conscription = | manpower_data = | manpower_age = | available = | available_f = | fit = | fit_f = | reaching = | reaching_f = | active = Unkent | ranked = | reserve = | deployed = <!-- Financial --> | amount = | percent_GDP = <!-- Industrial --> | domestic_suppliers = | foreign_suppliers = '''Historic:'''<br /> {{flag|Unitit Kinrick}}<br />{{flag|Unitit States}}<br />{{flag|Soviet Union}} | imports = | exports = | history = | ranks = }} The '''Libie Airmed Forces''' is the state organisation responsible for the defence o [[Libie]]. Currently, syne the stairt of the [[Seicont Libie Ceevil War]] in 2014, it haes been led bi the internaitionally recognisit [[Govrenment o Naitional Accord]] (GNA) in [[Tripoli]], but remains heichly dividit. The GNA haes [[Libie Airmy|grund]], [[Libie Air Force|air]], [[Libie Navy|naval]], an [[Libie Coast Gaird|coast gaird]] forces unner its command.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/LIBRARY/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_ly.html Africa :: Libya -- The World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707040210/https://www.cia.gov/LIBRARY/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_ly.html |date=2019-07-07 }}. CIA.</ref> In effect, anelie the Libie Navy is fully unner the GNA [[Presidential Cooncil (Libie)|Presidential Cooncil]]'s command, while the airmy conseest of disorganised and undisciplined militia groups and the air force is split up amang multiple factions, includin the [[Libie Naitional Airmy]] (LNA) of the [[Hoose o Representatives (Libie)|rival govrenment]] in [[Tobruk]].<ref name="ly">[https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/09/01/serraj-appoints-chief-of-staff/ Serraj appoints military chief of staff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422224026/https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/09/01/serraj-appoints-chief-of-staff/ |date=2019-04-22 }}. ''Libya Herald''. Published 1 September 2017.</ref><ref>Delalande, Arnaud (4 August 2016). [https://warisboring.com/great-now-there-are-two-competing-libyan-air-forces/ Great, Now There Are Two Competing Libyan Air Forces]. ''[[War is Boring]]''.</ref> [[Prime Meenister o Libie|Prime Meenister]] [[Fayez al-Sarraj]], the heid o the unity govrenment, is the supreme commander o the airmed forces.<ref name="joint">[https://www.libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/pc-president-forms-joint-military-operations-room-war-rocks-tripoli-yet-again PC President forms joint military operations room as war rocks Tripoli yet again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424000449/https://www.libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/pc-president-forms-joint-military-operations-room-war-rocks-tripoli-yet-again |date=2019-04-24 }}. ''Libya Observer''. Published 6 April 2019.</ref> The militar is unner the authority of the GNA Meenistry of Defence, formerly led bi Colonel [[Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi]] frae 2016<ref name="oppose">Ayyub, Saber.[http://www.marsad.ly/en/2016/01/21/opposing-reactions-to-appointment-of-unity-governments-defence-minister/ Opposing reactions to appointment of unity government’s defence minister] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818011837/http://www.marsad.ly/en/2016/01/21/opposing-reactions-to-appointment-of-unity-governments-defence-minister/ |date=August 18, 2016 }}. ''Libya Herald''. Published 21 January 2016.</ref> tae 2018, at which pynt Sarraj tuik ower as defence meenister.<ref>[https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyan-presidential-council-gives-its-defense-minister-sack Libyan Presidential Council gives its Defense Minister the sack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422232434/https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyan-presidential-council-gives-its-defense-minister-sack |date=2019-04-22 }}. ''Libya Observer''. Published 29 Julie 2018.</ref> The oreeginal airmy unner the [[Kinrick o Libie|Libie monarchy]] o Keeng [[Idris o Libie|Idris I]] wis trained bi the [[Unitit Kinrick]] an the [[Unitit States]]. Syne [[Muammar Gaddafi]] rose tae pouer in 1969, Libie receivit militar assistance frae the [[Soviet Union]]. The Libie militar haes fought in seiveral wars, includin the [[Libie–Egyptian War]] (1977) an the [[Chadian–Libie conflict]] (1978–1987). Syne the [[Libie Ceevil War (2011)|2011 ceevil war]] an the faw o Gaddafi, the airmed forces hae remainit fragmentit amang the various competing poleetical factions in the kintra. ==References== <references/> [[Category:Militar o Libie|*]] oxh8yu1pcxrdw8a8bl0dmqrnj7o25o6 0 233640 918582 2026-06-22T20:43:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 New airticle aboot an American film 918582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American action-thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Carlyle Eubank. It starns Aaron Eckhart, Penelope Mitchell, Diego Tinoco, Paul Johansson, Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an Stephen Lang. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird selbstmord fur suicide an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Penelope Mitchell as Mia * Diego Tinoco as Hernandez * Stephen Lang as Leland * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe * Grainger Hines as Aldo Damon * Nick Searcy as Captain Freeman * Paul Johansson as Officer Reed * Hemky Madera as Santiago Perez f4f9szw6ok2big9kk1lmyqifqmwe87j 918583 918582 2026-06-22T20:51:55Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American action-thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Carlyle Eubank. It starns Aaron Eckhart, Penelope Mitchell, Diego Tinoco, Paul Johansson, Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an Stephen Lang. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird selbstmord fur suicide an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Penelope Mitchell as Mia * Diego Tinoco as Hernandez * Stephen Lang as Leland * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe * Grainger Hines as Aldo Damon * Nick Searcy as Captain Freeman * Paul Johansson as Officer Reed * Hemky Madera as Santiago Perez == Production == Principal photography teuk place in Louisville, Kentucky in August 2022. == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi RLJE Films on 29 September 2023. == Reception == On the review aggregator wabsteid Rotten Tomatoes, the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic. Sheila O'Malley o ''RogerEbert.com'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn. == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' wis annoonced wi Aaron Eckhart set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an John Stalberg Jr. returnin tae direct. The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. t9y1jlg6advv8ovbvum2l52xpbhjiqk 918584 918583 2026-06-22T20:56:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Offeecial lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * [[David Frigerio]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * Carlyle Eubank }} | screenplay = [[Carlyle Eubank]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Aaron Eckhart]] * [[Penelope Mitchell]] * [[Diego Tinoco]] * [[Paul Johansson]] * Kyle Smithson * Delissa Reynolds * [[Stephen Lang]] }} | music = [[Paul Gallister]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | studio = {{Plainlist| * Highland Film Group * Slow Burn * Broken Open Pictures * Studio 507 }} | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2023|09|29}} | runtime = 100 meenit | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $7,807<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl514949889/?ref_=bo_we_table_43|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-(2023)#tab=summary|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American action-thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Carlyle Eubank. It starns Aaron Eckhart, Penelope Mitchell, Diego Tinoco, Paul Johansson, Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an Stephen Lang. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird selbstmord fur suicide an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Penelope Mitchell as Mia * Diego Tinoco as Hernandez * Stephen Lang as Leland * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe * Grainger Hines as Aldo Damon * Nick Searcy as Captain Freeman * Paul Johansson as Officer Reed * Hemky Madera as Santiago Perez == Production == Principal photography teuk place in Louisville, Kentucky in August 2022. == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi RLJE Films on 29 September 2023. == Reception == On the review aggregator wabsteid Rotten Tomatoes, the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic. Sheila O'Malley o ''RogerEbert.com'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn. == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' wis annoonced wi Aaron Eckhart set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an John Stalberg Jr. returnin tae direct. The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. cgqxdxsx7l0os2bjhsc3fzzy4k0lz7d 918585 918584 2026-06-22T20:58:16Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Offeecial lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * [[David Frigerio]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * Carlyle Eubank }} | screenplay = [[Carlyle Eubank]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Aaron Eckhart]] * [[Penelope Mitchell]] * [[Diego Tinoco]] * [[Paul Johansson]] * Kyle Smithson * Delissa Reynolds * [[Stephen Lang]] }} | music = [[Paul Gallister]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | studio = {{Plainlist| * Highland Film Group * Slow Burn * Broken Open Pictures * Studio 507 }} | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2023|09|29}} | runtime = 100 meenit | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $7,807<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl514949889/?ref_=bo_we_table_43|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-(2023)#tab=summary|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American action-thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Carlyle Eubank. It starns Aaron Eckhart, Penelope Mitchell, Diego Tinoco, Paul Johansson, Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an Stephen Lang. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird selbstmord fur suicide an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Penelope Mitchell as Mia * Diego Tinoco as Hernandez * Stephen Lang as Leland * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe * Grainger Hines as Aldo Damon * Nick Searcy as Captain Freeman * Paul Johansson as Officer Reed * Hemky Madera as Santiago Perez == Production == Principal photography teuk place in Louisville, Kentucky in August 2022. == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi RLJE Films on 29 September 2023. == Reception == On the review aggregator wabsteid Rotten Tomatoes, the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic. Sheila O'Malley o ''RogerEbert.com'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn. == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' wis annoonced wi Aaron Eckhart set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an John Stalberg Jr. returnin tae direct. The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb title}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2023 films]] [[Category:2023 American films]] [[Category:2023 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:Films shot in Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] [[Category:Inglish-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films wi screenpleys bi Carlyle Eubank]] q486votr96vty84geza5alhy8bw9b8m 918586 918585 2026-06-22T21:04:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Offeecial lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * [[David Frigerio]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * Carlyle Eubank }} | screenplay = [[Carlyle Eubank]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Aaron Eckhart]] * [[Penelope Mitchell]] * [[Diego Tinoco]] * [[Paul Johansson]] * Kyle Smithson * Delissa Reynolds * [[Stephen Lang]] }} | music = [[Paul Gallister]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | studio = {{Plainlist| * Highland Film Group * Slow Burn * Broken Open Pictures * Studio 507 }} | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2023|09|29}} | runtime = 100 meenit | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $7,807<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl514949889/?ref_=bo_we_table_43|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-(2023)#tab=summary|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American [[Action film|action-thriller]] film produced an directit bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] an written bi [[Carlyle Eubank]]. It starns [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Penelope Mitchell]], [[Diego Tinoco]], [[Paul Johansson]], Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an [[Stephen Lang]]. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird [[:de:Suizid|selbstmord]] fur [[suicide]] an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as Jake Rosser * [[Penelope Mitchell]] as Mia * [[Diego Tinoco]] as Hernandez * [[Stephen Lang]] as Leland * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe * [[Grainger Hines]] as Aldo Damon * [[Nick Searcy]] as Captain Freeman * [[Paul Johansson]] as Officer Reed * [[Hemky Madera]] as Santiago Perez == Production == [[Principal photography]] teuk place in [[Louisville, Kentucky]] in August 2022. == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi [[RLJ Entertainment|RLJE Films]] on 29 September 2023. == Reception == On the [[review aggregator]] wabsteid [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic. Sheila O'Malley o ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn. == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' wis annoonced wi [[Aaron Eckhart]] set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an [[John Stalberg Jr.]] returnin tae direct. The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb title}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2023 films]] [[Category:2023 American films]] [[Category:2023 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:Films shot in Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] [[Category:Inglish-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films wi screenpleys bi Carlyle Eubank]] 5l3stk1jcbw2nomk7o38e6u9umq31pa 918589 918586 2026-06-22T21:13:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * [[David Frigerio]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * Carlyle Eubank }} | screenplay = [[Carlyle Eubank]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Aaron Eckhart]] * [[Penelope Mitchell]] * [[Diego Tinoco]] * [[Paul Johansson]] * Kyle Smithson * Delissa Reynolds * [[Stephen Lang]] }} | music = [[Paul Gallister]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | studio = {{Plainlist| * Highland Film Group * Slow Burn * Broken Open Pictures * Studio 507 }} | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2023|09|29}} | runtime = 100 meenit | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $7,807<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl514949889/?ref_=bo_we_table_43|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-(2023)#tab=summary|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American [[Action film|action-thriller]] film produced an directit bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] an written bi [[Carlyle Eubank]]. It starns [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Penelope Mitchell]], [[Diego Tinoco]], [[Paul Johansson]], Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an [[Stephen Lang]]. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird [[:de:Suizid|selbstmord]] fur [[suicide]] an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as Jake Rosser * [[Penelope Mitchell]] as Mia * [[Diego Tinoco]] as Hernandez * [[Stephen Lang]] as Leland * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe * [[Grainger Hines]] as Aldo Damon * [[Nick Searcy]] as Captain Freeman * [[Paul Johansson]] as Officer Reed * [[Hemky Madera]] as Santiago Perez == Production == [[Principal photography]] teuk place in [[Louisville, Kentucky]] in August 2022. == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi [[RLJ Entertainment|RLJE Films]] on 29 September 2023. == Reception == On the [[review aggregator]] wabsteid [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic. Sheila O'Malley o ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn. == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' wis annoonced wi [[Aaron Eckhart]] set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an [[John Stalberg Jr.]] returnin tae direct. The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb title}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2023 films]] [[Category:2023 American films]] [[Category:2023 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:Films shot in Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] [[Category:Inglish-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films wi screenpleys bi Carlyle Eubank]] nqkzbyu4zadsphykl1yu6ojqz6hfqi0 918596 918589 2026-06-22T21:34:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * [[David Frigerio]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * Carlyle Eubank }} | screenplay = [[Carlyle Eubank]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Aaron Eckhart]] * [[Penelope Mitchell]] * [[Diego Tinoco]] * [[Paul Johansson]] * Kyle Smithson * Delissa Reynolds * [[Stephen Lang]] }} | music = [[Paul Gallister]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | studio = {{Plainlist| * Highland Film Group * Slow Burn * Broken Open Pictures * Studio 507 }} | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2023|09|29}} | runtime = 100 meenit | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $7,807<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl514949889/?ref_=bo_we_table_43|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-(2023)#tab=summary|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American [[Action film|action-thriller]] film produced an directit bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] an written bi [[Carlyle Eubank]]. It starns [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Penelope Mitchell]], [[Diego Tinoco]], [[Paul Johansson]], Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an [[Stephen Lang]]. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird [[:de:Suizid|selbstmord]] fur [[suicide]] an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as Jake Rosser<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grater|first=Tom|date=2022-02-03|title=Aaron Eckhart Starring In Thriller ‘Muzzle’, Highland Launching EFM Sales|url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/aaron-eckhart-starring-thriller-muzzle-highland-efm-sales-1234925761/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Penelope Mitchell]] as Mia<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=2023-08-16|title=Aaron Eckhart Action-Thriller ‘Muzzle’ Sells to RLJE (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/aaron-eckhart-action-thriller-muzzle-sells-to-rlje-1235697612/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Diego Tinoco]] as Hernandez<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Ritman|first=Alex|date=2022-05-19|title=Stephen Lang, Nick Cassavetes, Diego Tinoco Join Aaron Eckhart Thriller ‘Muzzle’ (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/stephen-lang-nick-cassavetes-diego-tinoco-aaron-eckhart-muzzle-1235149376/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Stephen Lang]] as Leland<ref name=":1" /> * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe<ref name=":0" /> * [[Grainger Hines]] as Aldo Damon * [[Nick Searcy]] as Captain Freeman * [[Paul Johansson]] as Officer Reed * [[Hemky Madera]] as Santiago Perez == Production == [[Principal photography]] teuk place in [[Louisville, Kentucky]] in August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Suckow|first=Alex|date=2022-08-20|title='Muzzle': What we know about the new thriller being shot in Louisville|url=https://www.wlky.com/article/movie-shot-lousivlle-kentucky-eckhart-homeless-camp/40932778|access-date=2026-06-22|website=WLKY|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Villei|first=Matt|date=2022-09-09|title=Aaron Eckhart Makes a Furry Friend in First Image for John Stalberg Jr.'s 'Muzzle'|url=https://collider.com/muzzle-movie-image-aaron-eckhart-john-stalberg-jr/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref> == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi [[RLJ Entertainment|RLJE Films]] on 29 September 2023.<ref name=":0" /> == Reception == On the [[review aggregator]] wabsteid [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic. Sheila O'Malley o ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn. == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' wis annoonced wi [[Aaron Eckhart]] set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an [[John Stalberg Jr.]] returnin tae direct. The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb title}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2023 films]] [[Category:2023 American films]] [[Category:2023 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:Films shot in Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] [[Category:Inglish-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films wi screenpleys bi Carlyle Eubank]] g1mzaz0s7h9j32drvje3pphpxygx8pf 918597 918596 2026-06-22T21:38:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * [[David Frigerio]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * John Stalberg Jr. * Carlyle Eubank }} | screenplay = [[Carlyle Eubank]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Aaron Eckhart]] * [[Penelope Mitchell]] * [[Diego Tinoco]] * [[Paul Johansson]] * Kyle Smithson * Delissa Reynolds * [[Stephen Lang]] }} | music = [[Paul Gallister]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | studio = {{Plainlist| * Highland Film Group * Slow Burn * Broken Open Pictures * Studio 507 }} | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2023|09|29}} | runtime = 100 meenit | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $7,807<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl514949889/?ref_=bo_we_table_43|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-(2023)#tab=summary|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]|title=Muzzle|date=2023-10-05}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle''''' is a 2023 American [[Action film|action-thriller]] film produced an directit bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] an written bi [[Carlyle Eubank]]. It starns [[Aaron Eckhart]], [[Penelope Mitchell]], [[Diego Tinoco]], [[Paul Johansson]], Kyle Smithson, Delissa Reynolds an [[Stephen Lang]]. == Plot == Efter his K-9 pairtner Ace is killt in LA's Skid Row, an he assaults a paramedic fur nae treatin the dug, Officer Jake Rosser plummets deep intae an investigation tae unkiver the truith aboot wha mey be reponsible. He is forced tae attend mandatory therapy in order tae reteen his K-9 haundler status. Whiles daein this he begins his awn investigation intae his pairtner's daith. He then picks a 2nd dug cried Socks. His investigation leads tae a cairtel wha uise K-9s as weel fur nefarious purposes an dupe Socks awey frae Rosser. Durin the final confrontation, he manages tae trick the female cairtel leader tae utter the German wird [[:de:Suizid|selbstmord]] fur [[suicide]] an snaps his finger, causin Socks an its coonterpairt tae baith attack the female. The female is injured, but shoots Socks. In the end, five victim's bodie remeens are said tae be diskivered amang 100 million tons o garbage in an area laundfill, but the boucks are sae decomposed that it coud tak months tae unkiver the identity, if iver. Rosser is then separately seen drivin a caur wi his son in the backseat born tae Mia wha is walkin Socks wi its richt forelimb amputatit. == Cast == * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as Jake Rosser<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grater|first=Tom|date=2022-02-03|title=Aaron Eckhart Starring In Thriller ‘Muzzle’, Highland Launching EFM Sales|url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/aaron-eckhart-starring-thriller-muzzle-highland-efm-sales-1234925761/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Penelope Mitchell]] as Mia<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=2023-08-16|title=Aaron Eckhart Action-Thriller ‘Muzzle’ Sells to RLJE (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/aaron-eckhart-action-thriller-muzzle-sells-to-rlje-1235697612/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Diego Tinoco]] as Hernandez<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Ritman|first=Alex|date=2022-05-19|title=Stephen Lang, Nick Cassavetes, Diego Tinoco Join Aaron Eckhart Thriller ‘Muzzle’ (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/stephen-lang-nick-cassavetes-diego-tinoco-aaron-eckhart-muzzle-1235149376/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Stephen Lang]] as Leland<ref name=":1" /> * Delissa Reynolds as Detective Ramos * Kyle Smithson as Officer O'Keefe<ref name=":0" /> * [[Grainger Hines]] as Aldo Damon * [[Nick Searcy]] as Captain Freeman * [[Paul Johansson]] as Officer Reed * [[Hemky Madera]] as Santiago Perez == Production == [[Principal photography]] teuk place in [[Louisville, Kentucky]] in August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Suckow|first=Alex|date=2022-08-20|title='Muzzle': What we know about the new thriller being shot in Louisville|url=https://www.wlky.com/article/movie-shot-lousivlle-kentucky-eckhart-homeless-camp/40932778|access-date=2026-06-22|website=WLKY|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Villei|first=Matt|date=2022-09-09|title=Aaron Eckhart Makes a Furry Friend in First Image for John Stalberg Jr.'s 'Muzzle'|url=https://collider.com/muzzle-movie-image-aaron-eckhart-john-stalberg-jr/|access-date=2026-06-22|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref> == Release == ''Muzzle'' wis lowsed bi [[RLJ Entertainment|RLJE Films]] on 29 September 2023.<ref name=":0" /> == Reception == On the [[review aggregator]] wabsteid [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film haes an approval ratin o 36%, wi an average score o 5.3/10, based on reviews frae 11 creetic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muzzle|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/muzzle|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|language=en}}</ref> Sheila O'Malley o ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' awairdit the film ane an a hauf starn.<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Malley|first=Sheila|date=2023-09-29|title=Muzzle|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/muzzle-movie-review-2023|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[RogerEbert.com]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sequel == In Mey 2024, a sequel cried ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' wis annoonced wi [[Aaron Eckhart]] set tae reprise his role as Jake Rosser an [[John Stalberg Jr.]] returnin tae direct.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ritman|first=Alex|date=2024-05-18|title=Aaron Eckhart Returning for Canine Action Thriller Sequel ‘Muzzle: City of Wolves’ (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/aaron-eckhart-muzzle-city-of-wolves-sequel-1236007449/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The script will be written bi Jacob Michael King frae a story bi Carlyle Eubank an Stalberg Jr that will follae Rosser as he attempts tae lead a peacefu life wi his faimily an retired K-9 companion, Socks, anly fur a ruthless gang tae target thaim in a bruital attack sendin him in sairch o vengeance in the criminal unnerwarld tae protect his faimily. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb title}} [[Category:2023 action thriller films]] [[Category:2023 films]] [[Category:2023 American films]] [[Category:2023 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:Films shot in Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] [[Category:Inglish-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films wi screenpleys bi Carlyle Eubank]] 7o3ppwwa2vl27arac1sqjffbgvlfqr1 0 233641 918587 2026-06-22T21:08:37Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 New airticle aboot an American film 918587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' is a 2025 American action thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''Muzzle''. Aaron Eckhart reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Tanya van Graan as Mia Rosser * Karl Thaning as Officer Beekman * Nicole Fortuin as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Detective Thorne == Production == Aaron Eckhart returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi John Stalberg Jr. throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, Carlyle Eubank an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an Dallas Sonnier fur Bonfire Legend. Principal photography begoud in September 2024 in Cape Toun. 5hj0e854bk8a00vofs37vf74juy785s 918588 918587 2026-06-22T21:12:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' is a 2025 American action thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''Muzzle''. Aaron Eckhart reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Tanya van Graan as Mia Rosser * Karl Thaning as Officer Beekman * Nicole Fortuin as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Detective Thorne == Production == Aaron Eckhart returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi John Stalberg Jr. throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, Carlyle Eubank an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an Dallas Sonnier fur Bonfire Legend. Principal photography begoud in September 2024 in Cape Toun. == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur Vertigo Releasing fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, NOS Lusomundo fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae. === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi RLJE Films. cg6un9zxwnxn19w4yw1u1j2lm9xab6o 918590 918588 2026-06-22T21:15:17Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Muzzle: Ceety o Woufs'') is a 2025 American action thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''Muzzle''. Aaron Eckhart reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Tanya van Graan as Mia Rosser * Karl Thaning as Officer Beekman * Nicole Fortuin as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Detective Thorne == Production == Aaron Eckhart returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi John Stalberg Jr. throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, Carlyle Eubank an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an Dallas Sonnier fur Bonfire Legend. Principal photography begoud in September 2024 in Cape Toun. == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur Vertigo Releasing fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, NOS Lusomundo fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae. === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi RLJE Films. lwt6u9che5swwf2wmedxic0up1knwzn 918591 918590 2026-06-22T21:19:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | screenplay = Jacob Michael King | story = Jacob Michael King<br>John Stalberg Jr. | producer = Kyle Ambrose<br>Delon Bakker<br>[[David Frigerio]]<br>John Stalberg Jr. | starring = [[Aaron Eckhart]]<br>[[Tanya van Graan]]<br>[[Karl Thaning]]<br>[[Nicole Fortuin]]<br>Adrian Collins<br>[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | music = Paul Gallister | studio = Slow Burn<br>Broken Open Pictures<br>Bonfire Legend<br>Highland Film Group | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2025|11|14}} | runtime = 93 meenits<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-10-30 |title=''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' [18] |url=https://www.fsk.de/detail/?detailid=6901d2e6c9a5a6d615a15324&stype=single |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=[[Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft]] |language=de}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $132,365<ref name="NUM">{{Cite The Numbers|title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025)#tab=summary |id=Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025) |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]}}</ref><ref name="BOM">{{Cite Box Office Mojo |title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3320545281/?ref_=bo_we_table_24 |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Muzzle: Ceety o Woufs'') is a 2025 American action thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''Muzzle''. Aaron Eckhart reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Tanya van Graan as Mia Rosser * Karl Thaning as Officer Beekman * Nicole Fortuin as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Detective Thorne == Production == Aaron Eckhart returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi John Stalberg Jr. throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, Carlyle Eubank an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an Dallas Sonnier fur Bonfire Legend. Principal photography begoud in September 2024 in Cape Toun. == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur Vertigo Releasing fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, NOS Lusomundo fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae. === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi RLJE Films. 0twnxen9p2oyft941ndm3au296v95qk 918592 918591 2026-06-22T21:20:00Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | screenplay = Jacob Michael King | story = Jacob Michael King<br>John Stalberg Jr. | producer = Kyle Ambrose<br>Delon Bakker<br>[[David Frigerio]]<br>John Stalberg Jr. | starring = [[Aaron Eckhart]]<br>[[Tanya van Graan]]<br>[[Karl Thaning]]<br>[[Nicole Fortuin]]<br>Adrian Collins<br>[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | music = Paul Gallister | studio = Slow Burn<br>Broken Open Pictures<br>Bonfire Legend<br>Highland Film Group | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2025|11|14}} | runtime = 93 meenit<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-10-30 |title=''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' [18] |url=https://www.fsk.de/detail/?detailid=6901d2e6c9a5a6d615a15324&stype=single |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=[[Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft]] |language=de}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $132,365<ref name="NUM">{{Cite The Numbers|title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025)#tab=summary |id=Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025) |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]}}</ref><ref name="BOM">{{Cite Box Office Mojo |title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3320545281/?ref_=bo_we_table_24 |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Muzzle: Ceety o Woufs'') is a 2025 American action thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''Muzzle''. Aaron Eckhart reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Tanya van Graan as Mia Rosser * Karl Thaning as Officer Beekman * Nicole Fortuin as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Detective Thorne == Production == Aaron Eckhart returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi John Stalberg Jr. throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, Carlyle Eubank an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an Dallas Sonnier fur Bonfire Legend. Principal photography begoud in September 2024 in Cape Toun. == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur Vertigo Releasing fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, NOS Lusomundo fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae. === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi RLJE Films. 2purqlaep1tjl1rqy8eg05t3yv3w8w1 918593 918592 2026-06-22T21:21:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | screenplay = Jacob Michael King | story = Jacob Michael King<br>John Stalberg Jr. | producer = Kyle Ambrose<br>Delon Bakker<br>[[David Frigerio]]<br>John Stalberg Jr. | starring = [[Aaron Eckhart]]<br>[[Tanya van Graan]]<br>[[Karl Thaning]]<br>[[Nicole Fortuin]]<br>Adrian Collins<br>[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | music = Paul Gallister | studio = Slow Burn<br>Broken Open Pictures<br>Bonfire Legend<br>Highland Film Group | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2025|11|14}} | runtime = 93 meenit<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-10-30 |title=''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' [18] |url=https://www.fsk.de/detail/?detailid=6901d2e6c9a5a6d615a15324&stype=single |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=[[Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft]] |language=de}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $132,365<ref name="NUM">{{Cite The Numbers|title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025)#tab=summary |id=Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025) |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]}}</ref><ref name="BOM">{{Cite Box Office Mojo |title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3320545281/?ref_=bo_we_table_24 |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Muzzle: Ceety o Woufs'') is a 2025 American action thriller film produced an directit bi John Stalberg Jr. an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''Muzzle''. Aaron Eckhart reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * Aaron Eckhart as Jake Rosser * Tanya van Graan as Mia Rosser * Karl Thaning as Officer Beekman * Nicole Fortuin as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Detective Thorne == Production == Aaron Eckhart returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi John Stalberg Jr. throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, Carlyle Eubank an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an Dallas Sonnier fur Bonfire Legend. Principal photography begoud in September 2024 in Cape Toun. == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur Vertigo Releasing fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, NOS Lusomundo fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae. === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi RLJE Films. == References == {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == * {{IMDb title|id=32395062}} [[Category:2025 action thriller films]] [[Category:2025 crime thriller films]] [[Category:2025 American films]] [[Category:2025 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in Sooth Africae]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] fv3pgf1cenbppl4shxaxu5h4qj97a6n 918595 918593 2026-06-22T21:28:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | screenplay = Jacob Michael King | story = Jacob Michael King<br>John Stalberg Jr. | producer = Kyle Ambrose<br>Delon Bakker<br>[[David Frigerio]]<br>John Stalberg Jr. | starring = [[Aaron Eckhart]]<br>[[Tanya van Graan]]<br>[[Karl Thaning]]<br>[[Nicole Fortuin]]<br>Adrian Collins<br>[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | music = Paul Gallister | studio = Slow Burn<br>Broken Open Pictures<br>Bonfire Legend<br>Highland Film Group | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2025|11|14}} | runtime = 93 meenit<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-10-30 |title=''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' [18] |url=https://www.fsk.de/detail/?detailid=6901d2e6c9a5a6d615a15324&stype=single |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=[[Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft]] |language=de}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $132,365<ref name="NUM">{{Cite The Numbers|title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025)#tab=summary |id=Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025) |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]}}</ref><ref name="BOM">{{Cite Box Office Mojo |title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3320545281/?ref_=bo_we_table_24 |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Muzzle: Ceety o Woufs'') is a 2025 American [[Action film|action thriller film]] produced an directit bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''[[Muzzle (film)|Muzzle]]''. [[Aaron Eckhart]] reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as Jake Rosser * [[Tanya van Graan]] as Mia Rosser * [[Karl Thaning]] as Officer Beekman * [[Nicole Fortuin]] as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] as Detective Thorne == Production == [[Aaron Eckhart]] returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, [[Carlyle Eubank]] an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an [[Dallas Sonnier]] fur Bonfire Legend. [[Principal photography]] begoud in September 2024 in [[Cape Toun]]. == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur [[Vertigo Films|Vertigo Releasing]] fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, [[NOS Audiovisuais|NOS Lusomundo]] fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae. === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi [[RLJ Entertainment|RLJE Films]]. == References == {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == * {{IMDb title|id=32395062}} [[Category:2025 action thriller films]] [[Category:2025 crime thriller films]] [[Category:2025 American films]] [[Category:2025 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in Sooth Africae]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] 1gzjyh9wpwowlywdpbgxrlbo5ybjq5y 918598 918595 2026-06-22T21:45:13Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = Theatrical lowse poster | director = [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | screenplay = Jacob Michael King | story = Jacob Michael King<br>John Stalberg Jr. | producer = Kyle Ambrose<br>Delon Bakker<br>[[David Frigerio]]<br>John Stalberg Jr. | starring = [[Aaron Eckhart]]<br>[[Tanya van Graan]]<br>[[Karl Thaning]]<br>[[Nicole Fortuin]]<br>Adrian Collins<br>[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] | cinematography = Pieter Vermeer | editing = Bella Erikson | music = Paul Gallister | studio = Slow Burn<br>Broken Open Pictures<br>Bonfire Legend<br>Highland Film Group | distributor = [[RLJE Films]] | released = {{Film date|2025|11|14}} | runtime = 93 meenit<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-10-30 |title=''Muzzle: City of Wolves'' [18] |url=https://www.fsk.de/detail/?detailid=6901d2e6c9a5a6d615a15324&stype=single |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=[[Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft]] |language=de}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $132,365<ref name="NUM">{{Cite The Numbers|title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025)#tab=summary |id=Muzzle-City-of-Wolves-(2025) |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[The Numbers (wabsteid)|The Numbers]]}}</ref><ref name="BOM">{{Cite Box Office Mojo |title=Muzzle: City of Wolves|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3320545281/?ref_=bo_we_table_24 |access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> }} '''''Muzzle: City of Wolves''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Muzzle: Ceety o Woufs'') is a 2025 American [[Action film|action thriller film]] produced an directit bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] an written bi Jacob Michael King. It serves as a sequel tae ''[[Muzzle (film)|Muzzle]]''. [[Aaron Eckhart]] reprises his role frae the furst film. The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025. == Cast == * [[Aaron Eckhart]] as Jake Rosser * [[Tanya van Graan]] as Mia Rosser * [[Karl Thaning]] as Officer Beekman * [[Nicole Fortuin]] as Detective Idalia Cutler * Adrian Collins as Officer Cobb * [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] as Detective Thorne == Production == [[Aaron Eckhart]] returned tae cast frae the furst film. The film wis produced bi [[John Stalberg Jr.]] throu his Slow Burn production company, David Frigerio unner Broken Open Pictures, an Highland Film Group. The film is executive produced bi Tim O’Hair an RuthAnne Frigerio fur Broken Open Pictures, [[Carlyle Eubank]] an David Guglielmo fur Slow Burn an [[Dallas Sonnier]] fur Bonfire Legend.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ritman|first=Alex|date=2024-05-18|title=Aaron Eckhart Returning for Canine Action Thriller Sequel ‘Muzzle: City of Wolves’ (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/aaron-eckhart-muzzle-city-of-wolves-sequel-1236007449/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] begoud in September 2024 in [[Cape Toun]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ontong|first=Joel|date=2025-01-10|title=Behind the Aaron Eckhart-starring action flick Muzzle: City of Wolves, filmed in Cape Town|url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/film/behind-the-aaron-eckhart-starring-action-flick-muzzle-city-of-wolves-filmed-in-cape-town-20250109|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> == Release == === Distribution === Highland haes signed deals tae the film fur [[Vertigo Films|Vertigo Releasing]] fur the Unitit Kinrick, Austrailie, an New Zealand, Capelight Pictures fur Germany, YouPlanet Pictures fur Spainie, Italian International Film fur Italy, Three Lines Pictures fur Benelux, [[NOS Audiovisuais|NOS Lusomundo]] fur Portugal, Spentzos Film fur Greece, Mis. Label fur Scandinavie, Daro Film Distribution fur Eastren Europe, Falcon Films fur Middle East, MovieBox fur Turkey, Superfine Films fur Indie, California Filmes fur Laitin Americae, an Filmfinity fur Sooth Africae.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kay|first=Jeremy|date=2025-02-12|title=Highland unveils key sales, first image from Aaron Eckhart thriller ’Muzzle: City Of Wolves’ (exclusive)|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/highland-unveils-key-sales-first-image-from-aaron-eckhart-thriller-muzzle-city-of-wolves-exclusive/5201866.article|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]]|language=en}}</ref> === Theatrical === The film wis lowsed in the Unitit States on 14 November 2025, bi [[RLJ Entertainment|RLJE Films]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paz|first=Maggie Dela|date=2025-10-02|title=Aaron Eckhart & K-9 Kick Ass in Action Movie Muzzle: City of Wolves Trailer|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/trailers/2037323-aaron-eckhart-action-movie-muzzle-city-of-wolves-gets-trailer-poster|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-22|website=[[Mandatory (company)|ComingSoon.net]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == * {{IMDb title|id=32395062}} [[Category:2025 action thriller films]] [[Category:2025 crime thriller films]] [[Category:2025 American films]] [[Category:2025 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:American action thriller films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid action thriller films]] [[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in Sooth Africae]] [[Category:RLJ Entertainment]] 4hl0g34kulcncdd8k4cr620dbkyxg2n 0 233642 918609 2026-06-23T02:31:00Z Realcosmixyt 130682 Made page wi "{{Short descrievin|American rapper}}{{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015-2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 Decemmer, 1998 – 8 Decemmer, 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylised as 'Juice WRLD' and pronoonced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez..." 918609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short descrievin|American rapper}}{{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015-2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 Decemmer, 1998 – 8 Decemmer, 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylised as 'Juice WRLD' and pronoonced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=BLEUMAG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=2019-12-08|title=Juice WRLD Dies at 21; Chicago Rapper Whose Star Was on the Rise|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/arts/music/juice-wrld-dead.html|access-date=2026-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=•|date=2019-12-08|title=Friends, Fans Mourn ‘Accomplished' Chicago-Area Rapper Juice WRLD|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/friends-fans-mourn-accomplished-chicago-area-rapper-juice-wrld/2187142/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=NBC Chicago|language=en-US}}</ref> Higgins deed on 2 Decemmer 2019 due til a drug overdose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE - Somag News|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> {{Stub}} [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] nyw9d5srabo6vzogqi1v84drmi6lph8 918610 918609 2026-06-23T02:31:39Z Realcosmixyt 130682 918610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short descrievin|American rapper}}{{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015-2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 Decemmer, 1998 – 8 Decemmer, 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylised as 'Juice WRLD' and pronoonced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=BLEUMAG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=2019-12-08|title=Juice WRLD Dies at 21; Chicago Rapper Whose Star Was on the Rise|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/arts/music/juice-wrld-dead.html|access-date=2026-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=•|date=2019-12-08|title=Friends, Fans Mourn ‘Accomplished' Chicago-Area Rapper Juice WRLD|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/friends-fans-mourn-accomplished-chicago-area-rapper-juice-wrld/2187142/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=NBC Chicago|language=en-US}}</ref> Higgins deed on 2 Decemmer 2019 due til a drug overdose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE - Somag News|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> {{Stub}} == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] ds7i3a6b6px2d0tvm9y9nffj65bexg4 918611 918610 2026-06-23T02:31:47Z Realcosmixyt 130682 918611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short descrievin|American rapper}}{{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015-2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 Decemmer, 1998 – 8 Decemmer, 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylised as 'Juice WRLD' and pronoonced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=BLEUMAG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=2019-12-08|title=Juice WRLD Dies at 21; Chicago Rapper Whose Star Was on the Rise|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/arts/music/juice-wrld-dead.html|access-date=2026-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=•|date=2019-12-08|title=Friends, Fans Mourn ‘Accomplished' Chicago-Area Rapper Juice WRLD|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/friends-fans-mourn-accomplished-chicago-area-rapper-juice-wrld/2187142/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=NBC Chicago|language=en-US}}</ref> Higgins deed on 2 Decemmer 2019 due til a drug overdose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE - Somag News|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} 8hjxfrt5tcw2w4vivu486h1tz908q0v 918616 918611 2026-06-23T02:35:02Z Realcosmixyt 130682 918616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short descrievin|American rapper}}{{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015–2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 Decemmer, 1998 – 8 Decemmer, 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylised as 'Juice WRLD' and pronoonced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=BLEUMAG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=2019-12-08|title=Juice WRLD Dies at 21; Chicago Rapper Whose Star Was on the Rise|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/arts/music/juice-wrld-dead.html|access-date=2026-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=•|date=2019-12-08|title=Friends, Fans Mourn ‘Accomplished' Chicago-Area Rapper Juice WRLD|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/friends-fans-mourn-accomplished-chicago-area-rapper-juice-wrld/2187142/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=NBC Chicago|language=en-US}}</ref> Higgins deed on 2 Decemmer 2019 due til a drug overdose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE - Somag News|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} cpm06nkmh3l5h85d9oezjm0376qw4fw 918637 918616 2026-06-23T10:36:16Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short descrievin|American rapper}}{{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015–2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 December, 1998 – 8 December, 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylisit as 'Juice WRLD' an pronounced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=BLEUMAG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=2019-12-08|title=Juice WRLD Dies at 21; Chicago Rapper Whose Star Was on the Rise|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/arts/music/juice-wrld-dead.html|access-date=2026-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=•|date=2019-12-08|title=Friends, Fans Mourn ‘Accomplished' Chicago-Area Rapper Juice WRLD|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/friends-fans-mourn-accomplished-chicago-area-rapper-juice-wrld/2187142/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=NBC Chicago|language=en-US}}</ref> Higgins dee'd on 2 December 2019 owin tae a drog owerdose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE - Somag News|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} qt4qvstl3halio3ipsb3uh32sf7w2lt 918639 918637 2026-06-23T10:36:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist|Name=Juice Wrld|image=|Birth_name=Jarad Anthony Higgins|birth_date=2 Decemmer, 1998|birth_place=[[Chicago]], Illinois|death_date=8 Decemmer, 1998|Years_active=2015–2019}} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''', (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019) kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', stylisit as 'Juice WRLD' an pronounced 'Juice World,' wis an American rapper frae [[Chicago, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=BLEUMAG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|last2=Garcia|first2=Sandra E.|date=2019-12-08|title=Juice WRLD Dies at 21; Chicago Rapper Whose Star Was on the Rise|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/arts/music/juice-wrld-dead.html|access-date=2026-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=•|date=2019-12-08|title=Friends, Fans Mourn ‘Accomplished' Chicago-Area Rapper Juice WRLD|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/friends-fans-mourn-accomplished-chicago-area-rapper-juice-wrld/2187142/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=NBC Chicago|language=en-US}}</ref> Higgins dee'd on 2 December 2019 owin tae a drog owerdose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE - Somag News|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} gqs6kf9d87k0y9txykuomh7y9efkw1k 918640 918639 2026-06-23T10:45:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Airticle impruivement 918640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the emo an SoundCloud rap genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s. His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''Juice'' (1992). Higgins begoud his career as an independent airtist in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper Lil Bibby's Grade A Productions in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi Interscope Records early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 single "Lucid Dreams", that peakit at nummer twa on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. The sang precedit his triple platinum debut album ''Goodbye & Good Riddance'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 entries "All Girls Are the Same", "Lean wit Me", "Wasted", an "Armed and Dangerous". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''Wrld on Drugs'' (2018) wi Future, as weel as his seicont album, ''Death Race for Love'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "Robbery" an becam Higgins's furst nummer ane debut on the US ''Billboard'' 200. Higgins dee'd o a drog owerdose on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''Legends Never Die'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album, whiles the single "Come & Go" (wi Marshmello) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''Fighting Demons'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "Already Dead". His thrid posthumous album, ''The Party Never Ends'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''Fortnite''. == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} bs7yhgam276q74idug754sk13v4xlf4 918641 918640 2026-06-23T10:51:37Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in Julie 2019 | other_names = JuicetheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|08|1998|12|02}} | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Acute [[oxycodone]] an [[codeine]] [[substance intoxication|intoxication]] | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery,<br />[[Blue Island, Illinois]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | works = [[Juice Wrld discography|Discography]] | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (seicont cousin) | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop muisic|Hip-hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[Trap muisic|trap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[SoundCloud rap]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date=2023-03-24 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope]]|[[Polydor]]}} }} | signature = Juice Wrld signature.svg }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the emo an SoundCloud rap genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s. His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''Juice'' (1992). Higgins begoud his career as an independent airtist in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper Lil Bibby's Grade A Productions in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi Interscope Records early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 single "Lucid Dreams", that peakit at nummer twa on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. The sang precedit his triple platinum debut album ''Goodbye & Good Riddance'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 entries "All Girls Are the Same", "Lean wit Me", "Wasted", an "Armed and Dangerous". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''Wrld on Drugs'' (2018) wi Future, as weel as his seicont album, ''Death Race for Love'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "Robbery" an becam Higgins's furst nummer ane debut on the US ''Billboard'' 200. Higgins dee'd o a drog owerdose on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''Legends Never Die'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album, whiles the single "Come & Go" (wi Marshmello) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''Fighting Demons'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "Already Dead". His thrid posthumous album, ''The Party Never Ends'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''Fortnite''. == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} ab5b2w5p1k9zemv3gzbbhqw8fyx4d8p 918642 918641 2026-06-23T11:02:58Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in Julie 2019 | other_names = JuicetheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|08|1998|12|02}} | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Acute [[oxycodone]] an [[codeine]] [[substance intoxication|intoxication]] | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery,<br />[[Blue Island, Illinois]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | works = [[Juice Wrld discography|Discography]] | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (seicont cousin) | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop muisic|Hip-hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[Trap muisic|trap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[SoundCloud rap]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date=2023-03-24 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope]]|[[Polydor]]}} }} | signature = Juice Wrld signature.svg }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the [[Emo rap|emo]] an [[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]] genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s. His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' (1992). Higgins begoud his career as an [[Unsigned airtist|independent airtist]] in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper [[Lil Bibby]]'s [[Grade A Productions]] in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi [[Interscope Records]] early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 [[Single (muisic)|single]] "[[Lucid Dreams (Juice Wrld sang)|Lucid Dreams]]", that peakit at nummer twa on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. The sang precedit his [[Muisic recordin certification|triple platinum]] debut album ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hat 100 entries "[[All Girls Are the Same]]", "[[Lean wit Me]]", "[[Wasted (Juice Wrld sang)|Wasted]]", an "[[Armed and Dangerous (sang)|Armed and Dangerous]]". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (2018) wi [[Future (rapper)|Future]], as weel as his seicont album, ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "[[Robbery (Juice Wrld sang)|Robbery]]" an becam Higgins's furst [[Leet o Billboard 200 nummer-ane albums o 2019|nummer ane debut]] on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Higgins dee'd o a [[drog owerdose]] on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur [[Leet o Billboard Hat 100 chairt achievements an milestones|maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album]], whiles the single "[[Come & Go (sang)|Come & Go]]" (wi [[Marshmello]]) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''[[Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss]]'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "[[Already Dead (sang)|Already Dead]]". His thrid posthumous album, ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''[[Fortnite Battle Royale|Fortnite]]''. == References == [[Category:American rappers]] [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] <references /> {{Stub}} npp4aci5wup8zlat5am8qakcv2xugih 918643 918642 2026-06-23T11:07:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in Julie 2019 | other_names = JuicetheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|08|1998|12|02}} | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Acute [[oxycodone]] an [[codeine]] [[substance intoxication|intoxication]] | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery,<br />[[Blue Island, Illinois]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | works = [[Juice Wrld discography|Discography]] | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (seicont cousin) | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop muisic|Hip-hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[Trap muisic|trap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[SoundCloud rap]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date=2023-03-24 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope]]|[[Polydor]]}} }} | signature = Juice Wrld signature.svg }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the [[Emo rap|emo]] an [[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]] genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s. His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' (1992). Higgins begoud his career as an [[Unsigned airtist|independent airtist]] in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper [[Lil Bibby]]'s [[Grade A Productions]] in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi [[Interscope Records]] early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 [[Single (muisic)|single]] "[[Lucid Dreams (Juice Wrld sang)|Lucid Dreams]]", that peakit at nummer twa on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. The sang precedit his [[Muisic recordin certification|triple platinum]] debut album ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hat 100 entries "[[All Girls Are the Same]]", "[[Lean wit Me]]", "[[Wasted (Juice Wrld sang)|Wasted]]", an "[[Armed and Dangerous (sang)|Armed and Dangerous]]". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (2018) wi [[Future (rapper)|Future]], as weel as his seicont album, ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "[[Robbery (Juice Wrld sang)|Robbery]]" an becam Higgins's furst [[Leet o Billboard 200 nummer-ane albums o 2019|nummer ane debut]] on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Higgins dee'd o a [[drog owerdose]] on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur [[Leet o Billboard Hat 100 chairt achievements an milestones|maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album]], whiles the single "[[Come & Go (sang)|Come & Go]]" (wi [[Marshmello]]) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''[[Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss]]'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "[[Already Dead (sang)|Already Dead]]". His thrid posthumous album, ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''[[Fortnite Battle Royale|Fortnite]]''. == References == <references /> == Fremmit airtins == {{portal|Unitit States|muisic}} * {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://www.juicewrld999.com/}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juice Wrld}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:2019 daiths]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American male rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip-hop sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Illinois]] [[Category:Homewood-Flossmoor Heich Schuil alumni]] [[Category:Interscope Records airtists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Homewood, Illinois]] [[Category:Polydor Records airtists]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangster-sangwriters frae Illinois]] [[Category:American trap muisickers]] [[Category:Emo rappers]] 699ogkvc52myq5v013w0hlisms1r7ff 918644 918643 2026-06-23T11:07:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in Julie 2019 | other_names = JuicetheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|08|1998|12|02}} | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Acute [[oxycodone]] an [[codeine]] [[substance intoxication|intoxication]] | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery,<br />[[Blue Island, Illinois]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | works = [[Juice Wrld discography|Discography]] | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (seicont cousin) | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop muisic|Hip-hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[Trap muisic|trap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[SoundCloud rap]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date=2023-03-24 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope]]|[[Polydor]]}} }} | signature = Juice Wrld signature.svg }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the [[Emo rap|emo]] an [[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]] genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s. His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' (1992). Higgins begoud his career as an [[Unsigned airtist|independent airtist]] in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper [[Lil Bibby]]'s [[Grade A Productions]] in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi [[Interscope Records]] early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 [[Single (muisic)|single]] "[[Lucid Dreams (Juice Wrld sang)|Lucid Dreams]]", that peakit at nummer twa on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. The sang precedit his [[Muisic recordin certification|triple platinum]] debut album ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hat 100 entries "[[All Girls Are the Same]]", "[[Lean wit Me]]", "[[Wasted (Juice Wrld sang)|Wasted]]", an "[[Armed and Dangerous (sang)|Armed and Dangerous]]". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (2018) wi [[Future (rapper)|Future]], as weel as his seicont album, ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "[[Robbery (Juice Wrld sang)|Robbery]]" an becam Higgins's furst [[Leet o Billboard 200 nummer-ane albums o 2019|nummer ane debut]] on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Higgins dee'd o a [[drog owerdose]] on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur [[Leet o Billboard Hat 100 chairt achievements an milestones|maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album]], whiles the single "[[Come & Go (sang)|Come & Go]]" (wi [[Marshmello]]) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''[[Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss]]'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "[[Already Dead (sang)|Already Dead]]". His thrid posthumous album, ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''[[Fortnite Battle Royale|Fortnite]]''. == References == <references /> == Fremmit airtins == * {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://www.juicewrld999.com/}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juice Wrld}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:2019 daiths]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American male rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip-hop sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Illinois]] [[Category:Homewood-Flossmoor Heich Schuil alumni]] [[Category:Interscope Records airtists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Homewood, Illinois]] [[Category:Polydor Records airtists]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangster-sangwriters frae Illinois]] [[Category:American trap muisickers]] [[Category:Emo rappers]] 57ajwkp5tpv5nalw0g4dm4247pohiet 918645 918644 2026-06-23T11:07:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in Julie 2019 | other_names = JuicetheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|08|1998|12|02}} | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Acute [[oxycodone]] an [[codeine]] [[substance intoxication|intoxication]] | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery,<br />[[Blue Island, Illinois]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | works = [[Juice Wrld discography|Discography]] | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (seicont cousin) | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop muisic|Hip-hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[Trap muisic|trap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[SoundCloud rap]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date=2023-03-24 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope]]|[[Polydor]]}} }} | signature = Juice Wrld signature.svg }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the [[Emo rap|emo]] an [[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]] genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s. His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' (1992). Higgins begoud his career as an [[Unsigned airtist|independent airtist]] in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper [[Lil Bibby]]'s [[Grade A Productions]] in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi [[Interscope Records]] early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 [[Single (muisic)|single]] "[[Lucid Dreams (Juice Wrld sang)|Lucid Dreams]]", that peakit at nummer twa on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. The sang precedit his [[Muisic recordin certification|triple platinum]] debut album ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hat 100 entries "[[All Girls Are the Same]]", "[[Lean wit Me]]", "[[Wasted (Juice Wrld sang)|Wasted]]", an "[[Armed and Dangerous (sang)|Armed and Dangerous]]". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (2018) wi [[Future (rapper)|Future]], as weel as his seicont album, ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "[[Robbery (Juice Wrld sang)|Robbery]]" an becam Higgins's furst [[Leet o Billboard 200 nummer-ane albums o 2019|nummer ane debut]] on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Higgins dee'd o a [[drog owerdose]] on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur [[Leet o Billboard Hat 100 chairt achievements an milestones|maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album]], whiles the single "[[Come & Go (sang)|Come & Go]]" (wi [[Marshmello]]) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''[[Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss]]'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "[[Already Dead (sang)|Already Dead]]". His thrid posthumous album, ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''[[Fortnite Battle Royale|Fortnite]]''. == References == <references /> == Fremmit airtins == * {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://www.juicewrld999.com/}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juice Wrld}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:2019 daiths]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American male rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip-hop sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Illinois]] [[Category:Homewood-Flossmoor Heich Schuil alumni]] [[Category:Interscope Records airtists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Homewood, Illinois]] [[Category:Polydor Records airtists]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangster-sangwriters frae Illinois]] [[Category:American trap muisickers]] [[Category:Emo rappers]] fyrs04v07wxctwwi3qdfi5gly2d471s 918648 918645 2026-06-23T11:20:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped 2).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in Julie 2019 | other_names = JuicetheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|08|1998|12|02}} | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Acute [[oxycodone]] an [[codeine]] [[substance intoxication|intoxication]] | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery,<br />[[Blue Island, Illinois]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | works = [[Juice Wrld discography|Discography]] | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (seicont cousin) | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop muisic|Hip-hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[Trap muisic|trap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[SoundCloud rap]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date=2023-03-24 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope]]|[[Polydor]]}} }} | signature = Juice Wrld signature.svg }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (2 December 1998 – 8 December 2019), kent professionally as '''Juice Wrld''', wis an American rapper, sangster, an sangwriter. He emergit as a leadin feegur in the [[Emo rap|emo]] an [[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]] genres, that garnered mainstream attention durin the mid-tae-late 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zellner|first=Xander|date=2020-07-22|title=Juice WRLD & Marshmello Rule Hot 100 Songwriters & Producers Charts|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/juice-wrld-rules-hot-100-songwriters-chart/|access-date=2026-06-23|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodriguez|first=Kiara|date=2020-04-07|title=The Legacy of Juice WRLD|url=https://bleumag.com/music/juice-wrld-icon/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-23|website=Bleu|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cage|first=Matthew|date=2019-12-10|title=JUICE WRLD'S DEATH AT 21 YEARS OLD FOR POSSIBLE OVERDOSE|language=en-US|work=Somag News|url=https://www.somagnews.com/juice-wrlds-death-21-years-old-possible-overdose/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Carter|first=Josh|date=2021-07-07|title=FINNEAS leads blòkur's Top 5 Songwriters On Spotify list for 2020|language=en-US|work=Alternative Press|url=https://www.altpress.com/news/finneas-top-artist-on-spotify-2020/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy|url=https://i-d.co/article/juice-wrld-lil-peep-and-xxxtentacion-are-symbols-of-a-scene-that-trades-off-tragedy/|access-date=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> His stage name, that he said represents "takin ower the warld", wis derived frae the crime thriller film ''[[Juice (1992 film)|Juice]]'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Durtty Daily|date=2018-07-18|title=Juice Wrld Shares Some of His Biggest Influences in Music & His Name Before He Was Juice Wrld.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_Fl4hMIrso|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-23|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Higgins begoud his career as an [[Unsigned airtist|independent airtist]] in 2015 unner the name '''JuicetheKidd''', an signed a recordin contrack wi fellae Chicago rapper [[Lil Bibby]]'s [[Grade A Productions]] in 2017; he entered a jynt ventur wi [[Interscope Records]] early the follaein year. He gained recogneetion wi the diamond-certifee'd 2018 [[Single (muisic)|single]] "[[Lucid Dreams (Juice Wrld sang)|Lucid Dreams]]", that peakit at nummer twa on the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat 100]]. The sang precedit his [[Muisic recordin certification|triple platinum]] debut album ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018), that forby includit the ''Billboard'' Hat 100 entries "[[All Girls Are the Same]]", "[[Lean wit Me]]", "[[Wasted (Juice Wrld sang)|Wasted]]", an "[[Armed and Dangerous (sang)|Armed and Dangerous]]". He then lowsed the collaborative mixtape ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (2018) wi [[Future (rapper)|Future]], as weel as his seicont album, ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019); the latter conteened the hit single "[[Robbery (Juice Wrld sang)|Robbery]]" an becam Higgins's furst [[Leet o Billboard 200 nummer-ane albums o 2019|nummer ane debut]] on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Higgins dee'd o a [[drog owerdose]] on 8 December 2019. His furst posthumous album, ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020), matched chairt records fur maist successfu posthumous debut an fur [[Leet o Billboard Hat 100 chairt achievements an milestones|maist U.S. tap-ten entries frae ane album]], whiles the single "[[Come & Go (sang)|Come & Go]]" (wi [[Marshmello]]) becam Higgins's seicont sang tae reach nummer twa on the Hat 100. His seicont posthumous album, ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021), wis lowsed alangside the documentary film ''[[Juice Wrld: Into the Abyss]]'' an conteened the U.S. tap 20 single "[[Already Dead (sang)|Already Dead]]". His thrid posthumous album, ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024), wis lowsed alangside an appearance an virtual concert in the video gemme ''[[Fortnite Battle Royale|Fortnite]]''. == References == <references /> == Fremmit airtins == * {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://www.juicewrld999.com/}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juice Wrld}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:2019 daiths]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American male rappers]] [[Category:21st-century African-American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American male rappers]] [[Category:American hip-hop sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Illinois]] [[Category:Homewood-Flossmoor Heich Schuil alumni]] [[Category:Interscope Records airtists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Homewood, Illinois]] [[Category:Polydor Records airtists]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Chicago]] [[Category:Sangster-sangwriters frae Illinois]] [[Category:American trap muisickers]] [[Category:Emo rappers]] 5b825gjuz3svbufn3zfdtjqvklskqxg 0 233643 918612 2026-06-23T02:33:16Z Realcosmixyt 130682 Reguidin tae [[Juice Wrld]] 918612 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Juice Wrld]] 3onp7aatx7mqiaplxq6d8mxfpk2h84j 0 233644 918613 2026-06-23T02:33:36Z Realcosmixyt 130682 Reguidin tae [[Juice Wrld]] 918613 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Juice Wrld]] 3onp7aatx7mqiaplxq6d8mxfpk2h84j 0 233645 918614 2026-06-23T02:33:58Z Realcosmixyt 130682 Reguidin tae [[Juice Wrld]] 918614 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Juice Wrld]] 3onp7aatx7mqiaplxq6d8mxfpk2h84j 0 233646 918615 2026-06-23T02:34:13Z Realcosmixyt 130682 Reguidin tae [[Juice Wrld]] 918615 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Juice Wrld]] 3onp7aatx7mqiaplxq6d8mxfpk2h84j 0 233647 918636 2026-06-23T10:33:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Bryan Cranston]] 918636 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bryan Cranston]] slwynfi3ye9828bxcowhtf4ji6wp4x8 3 233648 918650 2026-06-23T11:22:12Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-vandalism1}} ~~~~" 918650 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36341-64|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 11:21, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC) rhpyd7wu4zbbptynnv858qq5mkhez1k 918651 918650 2026-06-23T11:22:57Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918651 wikitext text/x-wiki == Juin 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36341-64|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 11:21, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC) qce43dalpglgnr45ty8ia1fxghtd366