Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Germany 0 4364 919388 919357 2026-07-15T21:37:08Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Federal Republic o Germany |native_name = {{native name|de|Bundesrepublik Deutschland|icon=no}} |common_name = Germany |national_anthem = ''[[Deutschlandlied]]''<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html|title=Germany|work=CIA World Factbook|accessdate=30 August 2014|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|archive-date=2016-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211075204/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />({{Lang-sco|"Sang o Germany"}}){{efn|Only the third stanza o the sang is usit as the naitional anthem.|group=efn}}<br />[[File:German national anthem performed by the US Navy Band.ogg|center]] |image_flag = Flag of Germany.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Germany.svg |image_map = EU-Germany.svg |map2_width= 250px |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Germany.svg}} |official_languages = [[German leid|German]]{{ref|a}}{{efn|[[Dens leid|Dens]], [[Law German]], [[Sorbian leids|Sorbian]], [[Romani leid|Romany]], an [[Frisian leids|Frisian]] are recognised bi the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Leids]]|group=efn}} |demonym = [[Germans|German]] |capital = [[Berlin]] |coordinates = {{Coord|52|31|N|13|23|E|type:city}} |largest_city = Berlin |government_type = [[Federalism|Federal]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[constitutional republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Preses o Germany|Preses]] |leader_name1 = [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]] |leader_title2 = [[:en:Chancellor o Germany (Federal Republic o Germany)|Chancellor]] |leader_name2 = [[:en:Friedrich Merz|Friedrich Merz]] |legislature = {{clear}} | leader_title3 = [[:en:Vice-Chancellor of Germany|Vice Chancellor]] | leader_name3 = [[:en:Robert Habeck|Robert Habeck]] |upper_house = [[Bundesrat o Germany|Bundesrat]] |lower_house = [[Bundestag]] |sovereignty_type = [[Kinrick o Germany|Formation]] |established_event1 = [[Haly Roman Empire]] |established_date1 = 2 Februar 962 |established_event2 = [[German Confederation]] |established_date2 = 8 Juin 1815 |established_event3 = [[Unification o Germany|German Empire]] |established_date3 = 18 Januar 1871 |established_event4 = [[History o Germany|Federal Republic]] |established_date4 = 23 Mey 1949 | established_event5 = [[European Economic Community|EEC]] [[Enlairgement o the European Union#Foondin members|Foondation]]{{efn|[[European Union]] syne 1993.|group=efn}} | established_date5 = 1 Januar 1958 |established_event6 = [[German reunification|Reunification]] |established_date6 = 3 October 1990 |area_km2 = 357,168 |area_sq_mi = 137,847 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 63rd |area_magnitude = 1 E11 | population_estimate = {{increase}} 83,149,300<ref name="2018pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Tabellen/zensus-geschlecht-staatsangehoerigkeit-2019.html|title=Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit|accessdate=15 July 2018|website=Destatis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823083410/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Tabellen/zensus-geschlecht-staatsangehoerigkeit-2019.html|archive-date=23 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019-09-30 | population_estimate_rank = 19t | population_density_km2 = 232 | population_density_sq_mi = 601 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 58t | GDP_PPP = $4.444 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=84&pr.y=11&sy=2019&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=134&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=9 March 2020}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 5t | GDP_PPP_year = 2019 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $52,559<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 16t | GDP_nominal = $3.863 trillion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_rank = 4t | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $46,653<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 16t | Gini = 31.1 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|accessdate=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1|archive-date=20 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.939 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2018<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2019|date=10 December 2019|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322121226/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/ROU.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 4t |currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |drives_on = right |cctld = [[.de]] an [[.eu]] |calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Germany|49]] }} [[File:Regierungsbezirke Deutschlands 1981-2008.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Germany''' ({{lang-de|Deutschland}}, {{IPA-de|ˈdɔʏtʃlant|pron|De-Deutschland.ogg}}), offeecially the '''Federal Republic o Germany''' ({{lang-de|Bundesrepublik Deutschland|links=no}}, {{Audio|De-Bundesrepublik_Deutschland.ogg|listen}}),{{efn|IPA transcription o "''Bundesrepublik Deutschland''": {{IPA-de|ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant|}}}}<ref>{{cite book |editor=Mangold, Max |title=Duden, Aussprachewörterbuch |edition=6th |year=1995 |publisher=Dudenverlag |language=German |isbn= 978-3-411-20916-3 |pages=271, 53f}}</ref> is a [[Federation|federal]] [[pairlamentary republic]] in central-wastren [[Europe]]. It includes 16 [[States o Germany|constituent states]], covers an area o {{convert|357,021|km2|sqmi}}, an haes a maistly temperate saisonal climate. Wi aboot 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the maist populous member state o the [[European Union]]. Efter the [[Unitit States]], it is the saicont maist popular immigration destination in the warld.<ref>{{cite web|title=Germany Top Migration Land After U.S. in New OECD Ranking|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-05-20/immigration-boom-propels-germany-past-u-k-in-new-oecd-ranking|publisher=Bloomberg |date=20 May 2014|accessdate=29 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml|publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Population Division|title=Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2015 Revision|date=2015}}</ref> Germany's caipital an lairgest metropolis is [[Berlin]], while its mucklest conurbation is the [[Ruhr]] (main centres: [[Dortmund]] an [[Essen]]). Ither major toons include [[Hamburg]], [[Munich]], [[Cologne]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Stuttgart]], [[Düsseldorf]] an [[Leipzig]]. Various [[Germanic tribes]] hae inhabitit the northren pairts o modren Germany syne [[clessical antiquity]]. A region named [[Germanie]] wis documentit afore 100&nbsp;AD. During the [[Migration Period]] the Germanic tribes expandit soothwart. Beginnin in the 10t century, German territories formed a central pairt o the [[Haly Roman Empire]].<ref>The Laitin name ''Sacrum Imperium'' (Haly Empire) is documentit as far back as 1157. The Laitin name ''Sacrum Romanum Imperium'' (Haly Roman Empire) wis first documentit in 1254. The full name "Haly Roman Empire o the German Naition" (''Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation'') dates back tae the 15t century.<br />{{cite book | last = Zippelius| first = Reinhold| title = Kleine deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte: vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart (English translation: Brief German Constitutional History: from the Early Middle Ages to the Present)| edition = 7th| origyear = 1994| year = 2006| publisher =Beck| language = German| isbn = 978-3-406-47638-9| page = 25}}</ref> During the 16t century, northren German regions becam the centre o the [[Protestant Reformation]]. In 1871, Germany becam a nation state whan [[unification o Germany|maist o the German states unified]] intae the [[Proushie]]-dominatit [[German Empire]]. Efter [[Warld War I]] an the [[German Revolution o 1918–1919]], the Empire wis replaced bi the pairlamentary [[Weimar Republic]]. [[Nazi seizur o pouer|The establishment]] o the [[Nazi Germany|naitional socialist dictatorship]] in 1933 led tae [[Warld War II]] an [[the Holocaust]]. Efter a period o [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation]], twa German states wis foondit: the [[Wast Germany|Federal Republic o Germany]] (commonly kent as Wast Germany) an the [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (commonly kent as East Germany). In 1990, the kintra wis reunifee'd.<ref name="SLyE6YJEn0C page 52">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySLyE6YJEn0C&pg=PA52|title=The Lost German East}}</ref> In the 21st century, Germany is a [[great pouer]] an haes the warld's fowerth-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP, as weel as the fift-lairgest bi PPP. As a global leader in several industrial an technological sectors, it is baith the warld's third-lairgest exporter an importer o guids. Germany is a [[developit kintra]] wi a gey an heich staundart o livin susteened bi a skilled an productive society. It uphaulds a social security an universal heal care seestem, environmental pertection an a tuition-free varsity eddication.<ref>{{cite web|title=How US students get a university degree for free in Germany|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32821678|publisher=BBC |date=3 June 2015|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Germany wis a foondin member o the [[European Union]] in 1993. It is pairt o the [[Schengen Area]], an becam a co-foonder o the [[Eurozone]] in 1999. Germany is a member o the [[Unitit Naitions]], [[NATO]], the [[G8]], the [[G-20 major economies|G20]], an the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development|OECD]]. The naitional militar expenditur is the 9t heichest in the warld. Kent fir its rich cultural history, Germany haes been continuously the hame o influential airtists, philosophers, muisickers, sportsfowk, entrepreneurs, scientists, ingineers, an inventors. == Politics == German Pairlament haes twa chambers: * [[Bundestag]] - Pairlament * [[Bundesrat]] - Chamber o federal kintras == Federal states == {{main|States o Germany}} Germany haes 16 federal states: * [[Baden-Württemberg]] * [[Bavarie]] * [[Berlin]] * [[Brandenburg]] * [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] * [[Hamburg]] * [[Hessen]] * [[Lawer Saxony]] * [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] * [[North Rhine-Westphalie]] * [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] * [[Saarland]] * [[Saxony]] * [[Saxony-Anhalt]] * [[Schleswig-Holstein]] * [[Thuringie]] ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Central European kintras]] [[Category:Germany|*]] [[Category:G8 naitions]] {{Stub/Germany}} 8dqfveru6qeztizdxw039cs19n05nu2 Wast Lowden 0 6309 919366 842441 2026-07-15T15:05:35Z ~2026-39839-57 134348 919366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Scotland council area| |Council= Wast Lowden |image_coat = |Image= [[File:West Lothian in Scotland.svg|250px]] |SizeRank= {{Scottish council populations|ARK=S12000040}} |Size= {{Scottish council populations|ARE=S12000040}} |AdminHQ= [[Leevinston]] |ISO= GB-WLN |ONS= S12000040 |coordinates = {{coord|55|55|N|3|30|W|type:adm2nd_region:GB|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |CouncilDetails= [[Wast Lowden Cooncil]] |website=http://www.westlothian.gov.uk/ |Control= <!-- Edit (with refs per WP:VERIFY) at [[Template:Scottish council control]] --> |MPs= * [[Martyn Day (politeecian)|Martyn Day]] * [[Hannah Bardell]] |MSPs= * [[Angela Constance]] * [[Fiona Hyslop]] }} '''Wast Lowden''' ({{lang-en|West Lothian}}, {{lang-gd|Lodainn an Iar}}) is ane o the 32 [[Cooncil areas o Scotland|cooncil areas]] o [[Scotland]]. It haes mairches wi the [[Ceety o Edinburgh|Ceitie o Edinburgh]], [[Fawkirk (cooncil area)|Fawkirk]], [[North Lanrikshire]], [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] an [[The Mairches]]. ==Touns== {{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} *[[Airmadal, Wast Lowden|Airmadal]] *[[Bathket]] {{col-break}} *[[Blackburn, Wast Lowden|Blackburn]] *[[Broxburn]] {{col-break}} *[[Lithgae]] *[[Leivinstoun]] {{col-break}} *[[Whitburn, Wast Lowden|Whitburn]] {{col-end}} ==Veilages== {{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} *[[Abercorn]] *[[Aidieswall]] *[[Blekrig]] *[[Breich]] *[[Brigend]] *[[Dechmont]] *[[East Cauther]] *[[East Whitburn]] *[[Ecclesmachan]] {{col-break}} *[[Fauldhouss]] *[[Greenrigg]] *[[Kingscavil]] *[[Kirknewton]] *[[Langrig]] *[[Mid Cauther]] *[[Newton, Wast Lowden|Newton]] *[[Philpstoun]] *[[Powbeth]] *[[Pumpherston]] {{col-break}} *[[Siefeild]] *[[Staneyburn]] *[[Threemiletoun]] *[[Torphichen]] *[[Uphall]] *[[Uphall Station]] *[[Wast Cauther]] *[[Wastfeild]] *[[Wilkieston]] *[[Winchburgh]] {{col-end}} ==Steids o interest== *[[Beecraigs Kintra Pairk]] *[[Blekness Castil]] *[[Cairnpappil Hill]] *[[Lithgae Pailiss]], birth steid o [[Mary, Queen o Scots]] *[[Polkemmet Kintra Pairk]] *[[Torphichen Preceptorie]] {{Cooncil areas o Scotland}} [[Category:Cooncil areas o Scotland]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] <inputbox> type=create width=90 bgcolor=#ffffff preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions default=Wp/mh/ </inputbox> </div> just gotta make some articles remove this once east whitburn and Fauldhoose are done {{Stub/Scotland}} {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} s9t8e3ou2k2xy74kl4hhms6fb4z0o35 919367 919366 2026-07-15T15:18:05Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-39839-57, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 842441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Scotland council area| |Council= Wast Lowden |image_coat = |Image= [[File:West Lothian in Scotland.svg|250px]] |SizeRank= {{Scottish council populations|ARK=S12000040}} |Size= {{Scottish council populations|ARE=S12000040}} |AdminHQ= [[Leevinston]] |ISO= GB-WLN |ONS= S12000040 |coordinates = {{coord|55|55|N|3|30|W|type:adm2nd_region:GB|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |CouncilDetails= [[Wast Lowden Cooncil]] |website=http://www.westlothian.gov.uk/ |Control= <!-- Edit (with refs per WP:VERIFY) at [[Template:Scottish council control]] --> |MPs= * [[Martyn Day (politeecian)|Martyn Day]] * [[Hannah Bardell]] |MSPs= * [[Angela Constance]] * [[Fiona Hyslop]] }} '''Wast Lowden''' ({{lang-en|West Lothian}}, {{lang-gd|Lodainn an Iar}}) is ane o the 32 [[Cooncil areas o Scotland|cooncil areas]] o [[Scotland]]. It haes mairches wi the [[Ceety o Edinburgh|Ceitie o Edinburgh]], [[Fawkirk (cooncil area)|Fawkirk]], [[North Lanrikshire]], [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] an [[The Mairches]]. ==Touns== {{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} *[[Airmadal, Wast Lowden|Airmadal]] *[[Bathket]] {{col-break}} *[[Blackburn, Wast Lowden|Blackburn]] *[[Broxburn]] {{col-break}} *[[Lithgae]] *[[Leivinstoun]] {{col-break}} *[[Whitburn, Wast Lowden|Whitburn]] {{col-end}} ==Veilages== {{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} *[[Abercorn]] *[[Aidieswall]] *[[Blekrig]] *[[Breich]] *[[Brigend]] *[[Dechmont]] *[[East Cauther]] *[[East Whitburn]] *[[Ecclesmachan]] {{col-break}} *[[Fauldhouss]] *[[Greenrigg]] *[[Kingscavil]] *[[Kirknewton]] *[[Langrig]] *[[Mid Cauther]] *[[Newton, Wast Lowden|Newton]] *[[Philpstoun]] *[[Powbeth]] *[[Pumpherston]] {{col-break}} *[[Siefeild]] *[[Staneyburn]] *[[Threemiletoun]] *[[Torphichen]] *[[Uphall]] *[[Uphall Station]] *[[Wast Cauther]] *[[Wastfeild]] *[[Wilkieston]] *[[Winchburgh]] {{col-end}} ==Steids o interest== *[[Beecraigs Kintra Pairk]] *[[Blekness Castil]] *[[Cairnpappil Hill]] *[[Lithgae Pailiss]], birth steid o [[Mary, Queen o Scots]] *[[Polkemmet Kintra Pairk]] *[[Torphichen Preceptorie]] {{Cooncil areas o Scotland}} [[Category:Cooncil areas o Scotland]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Scotland}} {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} n8cmo9vkuwo8qjq38cygllucvitr518 Athelstan 0 7656 919372 871902 2026-07-15T17:04:05Z ThePresidentTree 117437 circa chyngit 919372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty|monarch |name = Æthelstan |image = Athelstan.jpg |imagesize = 250px |caption = Æthelstan presentin a beuk tae [[Cuthbert o Lindisfarne|St Cuthbert]]. Illustration in a gospel beuk presentit bi Æthelstan tae the saunt's shrine in [[Chester-le-Street]], the earliest survivin portrait o an Inglis keeng. He wore a croun o the same design on his "crouned bust" coins.<ref name="Foot 2011 155 156">Foot, ''Æthelstan: The First King of England'', pp.&nbsp;155–156</ref> |alt = Æthelstan presentin a beuk tae Saunt Cuthbert |reign1 = 927 – 27 October 939 |predecessor1 = Himsel <small>(''as Keeng o the Anglo-Saxons'')</small> |successor1 = [[Edmund I]] |succession1 = [[Leet o Inglish monarchs|Keeng o the Inglis]] |reign = 924–927 |coronation = 4 September 925 |predecessor = [[Edward the Elder]] or [[Ælfweard of Wessex|Ælfweard]] |successor = Himsel <small>(''as Keeng o the Inglis'')</small> |succession = [[Leet o monarchs o Wessex|Keeng o the Anglo-Saxons]] |spouse = |issue = |house = [[Hoose o Wessex]] |father = [[Edward the Elder]] |mother = [[Ecgwynn]] |birth_date = {{circa|893/895}} |birth_place = [[Kinrick o Wessex|Wessex]] |death_date = 27 October 939 |death_place = [[Gloucester]] |place of burial = [[Malmesbury Abbey]] |signature = |religion = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] }} '''Athelstan''' or '''''Æþelstān''''' ({{Circa|895}} – 27 October, 939), cried '''the Glorious''', wis the [[List o Inglis monarchs|Keeng o Ingland]] frae 924/925 tae 939. He wis the son o King [[Edward the Elder]], an nevoy o [[Ethelfleda]] (''Æthelflæd'') o [[Mercia]]. Æthelstan's success in securin the submission o [[Constantine II o Scotland|Constantine II]], [[List o Scots monarchs|Keeng o Scots]], in 927 throu tae the [[Battle o Brunanburh]] in 937 led tae his claimin the teetle "Keeng o aw [[Great Breetain|Breetain]]".<ref name="King of all Britain">[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/aethelstan.php Æthelstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104045915/http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/aethelstan.php |date=2010-01-04 }} at [http://www.archontology.org archontology.org]<br />[http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Athelstan Athelstan] at [http://everything2.com/ everything2.com]<br />[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552239/Athelstan.html Athelstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103134724/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552239/Athelstan.html |date=2009-11-03 }} at [http://encarta.msn.com/ Encarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031074236/http://encarta.msn.com/ |date=2009-10-31 }}<br />[http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=athelstan King Athelstan (924 - 940)] at [http://www.britroyals.com/ britroyals.com]<br /> [http://www.britannia.com/history/saxontime4.html Anglosaxon Britain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213064015/http://britannia.com/history/saxontime4.html |date=2010-12-13 }} at [http://www.britannia.com/ Britannia.com]</ref> His ring is aften owerleuked, wi a hantle focus gang tae [[Alfred the Great]] afore him, an [[Edmund I o Ingland|Edmund]] efter. Houaniver, his ring wis o fundamental importance tae political developments in the [[10t century]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Athelstan of England}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethelstan}} [[Category:Anglo-Saxon monarchs]] [[Category:890s births]] [[Category:939 daiths]] [[Category:10t-century Inglis monarchs]] [[Category:Christian monarchs]] [[Category:Hoose o Wessex]] [[Category:Wast Saxon monarchs]] [[Category:Mercian monarchs]] [[Category:Northumbrian monarchs]] [[Category:Monarchs o Ingland afore 1066]] 84lvugkq8ud63kx7wxkjile5bohom5o 919381 919372 2026-07-15T21:19:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ryalty|monarch |name = Æthelstan |image = Athelstan.jpg |imagesize = 250px |caption = Æthelstan presentin a beuk tae [[Cuthbert o Lindisfarne|St Cuthbert]]. Illustration in a gospel beuk presentit bi Æthelstan tae the saunt's shrine in [[Chester-le-Street]], the earliest survivin portrait o an Inglis keeng. He wore a croun o the same design on his "crouned bust" coins.<ref name="Foot 2011 155 156">Foot, ''Æthelstan: The First King of England'', pp.&nbsp;155–156</ref> |alt = Æthelstan presentin a beuk tae Saunt Cuthbert |reign1 = 927 – 27 October 939 |predecessor1 = Himsel <small>(''as Keeng o the Anglo-Saxons'')</small> |successor1 = [[Edmund I]] |succession1 = [[Leet o Inglish monarchs|Keeng o the Inglis]] |reign = 924–927 |coronation = 4 September 925 |predecessor = [[Edward the Elder]] or [[Ælfweard of Wessex|Ælfweard]] |successor = Himsel <small>(''as Keeng o the Inglis'')</small> |succession = [[Leet o monarchs o Wessex|Keeng o the Anglo-Saxons]] |spouse = |issue = |house = [[Hoose o Wessex]] |father = [[Edward the Elder]] |mother = [[Ecgwynn]] |birth_date = {{circa|893/895}} |birth_place = [[Kinrick o Wessex|Wessex]] |death_date = 27 October 939 |death_place = [[Gloucester]] |place of burial = [[Malmesbury Abbey]] |signature = |religion = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] }} '''Athelstan''' or '''''Æþelstān''''' ({{Circa|895}} – 27 October, 939), cried '''the Glorious''', wis the [[List o Inglis monarchs|Keeng o Ingland]] frae 924/925 tae 939. He wis the son o King [[Edward the Elder]], an nevoy o [[Ethelfleda]] (''Æthelflæd'') o [[Mercia]]. Æthelstan's success in securin the submission o [[Constantine II o Scotland|Constantine II]], [[List o Scots monarchs|Keeng o Scots]], in 927 throu tae the [[Battle o Brunanburh]] in 937 led tae his claimin the teetle "Keeng o aw [[Great Breetain|Breetain]]".<ref name="King of all Britain">[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/aethelstan.php Æthelstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104045915/http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/aethelstan.php |date=2010-01-04 }} at [http://www.archontology.org archontology.org]<br />[http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Athelstan Athelstan] at [http://everything2.com/ everything2.com]<br />[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552239/Athelstan.html Athelstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103134724/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552239/Athelstan.html |date=2009-11-03 }} at [http://encarta.msn.com/ Encarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031074236/http://encarta.msn.com/ |date=2009-10-31 }}<br />[http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=athelstan King Athelstan (924 - 940)] at [http://www.britroyals.com/ britroyals.com]<br /> [http://www.britannia.com/history/saxontime4.html Anglosaxon Britain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213064015/http://britannia.com/history/saxontime4.html |date=2010-12-13 }} at [http://www.britannia.com/ Britannia.com]</ref> His ring is aften owerleuked, wi a hantle focus gang tae [[Alfred the Great]] afore him, an [[Edmund I o Ingland|Edmund]] efter. Houaniver, his ring wis o fundamental importance tae political developments in the [[10t century]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Athelstan of England}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aethelstan}} [[Category:Anglo-Saxon monarchs]] [[Category:890s births]] [[Category:939 daiths]] [[Category:10t-century Inglis monarchs]] [[Category:Christian monarchs]] [[Category:Hoose o Wessex]] [[Category:Wast Saxon monarchs]] [[Category:Mercian monarchs]] [[Category:Northumbrian monarchs]] [[Category:Monarchs o Ingland afore 1066]] czjpfihq8xih1dmflcmrwpq0lgmpsi7 GAZ-M20 Pobeda 0 13090 919423 908102 2026-07-16T07:43:06Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} [[File:Pobeda-Mockup-1943-44.jpg|thumb|An early mockup for the Pobeda GAZ-M20]] [[File:GAZ-M20B during "ProDvizhanie 2025".jpg|thumb|GAZ-M20B an iompachadh.]] The '''GAZ-M20''' "'''Pobeda'''" ({{lang-ru|ГАЗ-М20 Победа}}; ''Победа'' means "Victory") wis a passenger caur produced in the [[Soviet Union]] bi [[GAZ]] frae 1946 till 1958. It wis an aa licensed tae [[Poland|Pols]] [[Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych]]. ==History== The first Pobeda wis developed in the Soviet Union unner chief engineer Andrei A. Liphart. "Pobeda" means "victory"; an the name wis chosen acause the model's first tests wur done in 1943 at Gorky Avto Zavod ([[GAZ]], "Gorky Car Plant"), when victory in [[Warld War II]] began tae seem likely. The plant wis later hivily bombarded, but wirk wis unaffectit. The first prototype wis ready on November 6, 1944, an efter it gained approval the first production model rolled aff the assembly line on Juin 21, 1946. The caur wis a successfu export for the USSR, an the design wis licensed tae the Pols FSO factory in [[Warsaw]], whaur it wis biggit as the [[FSO Warszawa]] beginnin in 1951. A few wur assembled in [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. ==Equipment== The Pobeda haes 2.1 litre [[Side-valve ingine|sidevalve]] [[straucht-4 ingine]] producin 50&nbsp;hp (37&nbsp;kW) an tap speed o 105&nbsp;km/h (65&nbsp;mph). The Pobeda wis the first Soviet automobile tae hae turn signals, twa electric wipers, an electric heater, an a biggit-in AM [[radio]]. The caur came tae be a seembol o postwar Soviet life an is the day a popular collector's item. A tot o 235,997 Pobedas wur produced includin 14,220 cabriolets.<ref name="autogallery.org.ru">{{Cite web|url=http://www.autogallery.org.ru/gaz20.htm|title=GAZ-M20|accessdate=2008-02-11|work=autogallery.org.ru}}</ref> ==Variants== In 1949-53, 14,222 M-20s wur biggit wi 4-door convertible body (o '[[cabrio coach]]' type), but sales wur poor an the GAZ niver returned tae the idea o mass-producin a convertible. In 1955-57, several thoosans wur biggit wi a fower-wheel drive seestem adaptit frae contemporary Soviet military vehicle ([[GAZ-69]]) for cross-kintra traivel (designatit [http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http://gaz20.spb.ru/modif_m72.htm&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&sl=ru GAZ-M-72]). Roushie references credit thir as possibly bein the first comfortable aff-road vehicle wi a closed unitized body.<ref name="gaz20.spb.ru/">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gaz20.spb.ru/|title=GAZ_M20|accessdate=2009-01-12|work=gaz20.spb.ru}}</ref> ==Photo gallery== <gallery> Image:Pobeda (2nd Pavlovsky) 1600px (1).jpg Image:Pobeda (2nd Pavlovsky) 1600px (2).jpg Image:Pobeda (2nd Pavlovsky) 1600px (3).jpg </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|GAZ-M20 Pobeda}} *[http://gaz20.spb.ru Main Russian Pobeda site] bi Artem Alekseyenko {{Ru icon}} *[http://www.volga.nl/GAZhistorieENvictory.htm Pobeda] bi Jelle Jan Gerrits. *[http://forum.automoto.ee/forumdisplay.php?fid=70 Estonian Pobeda Club Forum] *[http://englishrussia.com/?p=1511 Pobeda the SUV-version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311230941/http://englishrussia.com/?p=1511 |date=2010-03-11 }} [[Category:Soviet automobiles]] [[Category:GAZ]] [[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]] [[Category:Sedans]] [[Category:1940s automobiles]] [[Category:1950s automobiles]] [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1946]] lw4rngqovnpx1whcnk7xqa35ms0imsd William the Conqueror 0 13458 919370 880984 2026-07-15T16:47:06Z ThePresidentTree 117437 circa chyngit 919370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox royalty | type = monarchy | name = William the Conqueror | more = england | image = Bayeuxtapestrywilliamliftshishelm.jpg | image_size = 150 | caption = William as depictit in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]] during the [[Battle o Hastings]], liftin his helm tae shaw that he is still alive | succession = [[Leet o Inglis monarchs#Hoose o Normandy|Keeng o Ingland]] | reign = 25&nbsp;December 1066&nbsp;– <br />9&nbsp;September 1087 | coronation = 25&nbsp;December 1066 | cor-type = britain | predecessor = [[Edgar the Ætheling]] ''(uncrouned)'' <br />''(Otherwise)'' [[Harold Godwinson|Harold II]] | successor = [[William II o Ingland]] | succession1 = [[Duke o Normandy]] | reign1 = 3&nbsp;Julie 1035&nbsp;– 9&nbsp;September 1087 | predecessor1 = [[Robert I, Duke o Normandy]] | successor1 = [[Robert Curthose]] | spouse = [[Matilda o Flanders]] | issue = Robert Curthose <br />[[Richard o Normandy|Richard]] <br />William II <br />Matilda <br />[[Cecilia o Normandy|Cecilia]] <br />[[Henry I o Ingland]] <br />[[Adeliza o Normandy|Adeliza]] <br />[[Constance o Normandy|Constance]] <br />[[Adela o Normandy|Adela, Coontess o Blois]] <br />Agatha o Normandy (existence doubtful) | styles = The Keeng o the Angles <br />The Duke o the Normans | house = [[Norman dynasty]] | father = [[Robert I, Duke o Normandy]] | mother = [[Herleva]] o Falaise | birth_date = Aboot 1028<ref name=Bates33/> | birth_place = [[Falaise, Calvados|Falaise]], [[Duchy o Normandy|Normandy]] | death_date = 9 September 1087 (aged about 59) | death_place = Priory of Saint Gervase, [[Rouen]], Normandy | place of burial = [[Abbaye-aux-Hommes|Saint-Étienne de Caen]], Fraunce }} '''William the Conqueror''' ({{lang-fr|Guillaume le Conquérant}}) ({{Circa}} 1028<ref name=Bates33>{{cite book |author=Bates, David |authorlink=David Bates (historian) |title=William the Conqueror |publisher=Tempus|pages=33 |location=Stroud, UK |year=2001 |isbn=0-7524-1980-3 }}</ref> – 9 September 1087), forby kent as '''William I o Ingland''' (''Guillaume Ier d’Angleterre'') an '''William II o Normandy''' (''Guillaume II de Normandie''), wis the first [[Normans|Norman]] [[Inglis monarchy|Keeng o Ingland]] frae [[Christmas]], 1066 till his daith. He wis forby [[Duke o Normandy]] frae 3 Julie 1035 till his daith. Afore his conquest o Ingland, he wis kent as '''William the Bastard''' (''Guillaume le Bâtard'') acause o the [[illegitimacy]] o his birth. Tae press his claim tae the Inglis croun, William invadit Ingland in 1066, leadin an airmy o [[Normans]], [[Bretons]], [[Flemings]], an Frenchmen (frae Paris an [[Île-de-France (province)|Île-de-France]]) tae victory ower the Inglis forces o King [[Harold Godwinson]] at the [[Battle o Hastings]], an suppressed subsequent Inglis [[Leet o revolutions an rebellions|revolts]] in wha haes become kent as the [[Norman conquest o Ingland|Norman Conquest]].<ref name="BBC Norman">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/1066_01.shtml|title=1066|date=1 May 2001|accessdate=16 July 2007|work=BBC|author=Dr. Mike Ibeji}}</ref> His reign, whilk brocht Norman-French cultur tae Ingland, haed an impact on the subsequent course o [[Ingland in the Middle Ages]]. The details o that impact an the extent o the chynges hae been debatit bi scholars for centuries. In addition to the obvious change o ruler, his reign forby saw a programme o biggin an fortification, chynges tae the [[Inglis leid]], a shift in the upper levels o society an the kirk, an adoption o some aspects o continental kirk reform. == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|William I of England}} [[Category:1020s births]] [[Category:1087 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Calvados]] [[Category:Dukes o Normandy]] [[Category:Inglis monarchs]] [[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:French Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Daiths bi horse-ridin accident]] [[Category:Norman conquest o Ingland]] [[Category:Anglo-Normans]] [[Category:Breetish Monarchs buried abroad]] [[Category:Medieval bairn rulers]] [[Category:Touer o Lunnon]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Fraunce]] {{stub}} 2lx4y3bf6u3196ca3101s8xz5b56xdx 919380 919370 2026-07-15T21:18:47Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox ryalty | type = monarchy | name = William the Conqueror | more = england | image = Bayeuxtapestrywilliamliftshishelm.jpg | image_size = 150 | caption = William as depictit in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]] during the [[Battle o Hastings]], liftin his helm tae shaw that he is still alive | succession = [[Leet o Inglis monarchs#Hoose o Normandy|Keeng o Ingland]] | reign = 25&nbsp;December 1066&nbsp;– <br />9&nbsp;September 1087 | coronation = 25&nbsp;December 1066 | cor-type = britain | predecessor = [[Edgar the Ætheling]] ''(uncrouned)'' <br />''(Otherwise)'' [[Harold Godwinson|Harold II]] | successor = [[William II o Ingland]] | succession1 = [[Duke o Normandy]] | reign1 = 3&nbsp;Julie 1035&nbsp;– 9&nbsp;September 1087 | predecessor1 = [[Robert I, Duke o Normandy]] | successor1 = [[Robert Curthose]] | spouse = [[Matilda o Flanders]] | issue = Robert Curthose <br />[[Richard o Normandy|Richard]] <br />William II <br />Matilda <br />[[Cecilia o Normandy|Cecilia]] <br />[[Henry I o Ingland]] <br />[[Adeliza o Normandy|Adeliza]] <br />[[Constance o Normandy|Constance]] <br />[[Adela o Normandy|Adela, Coontess o Blois]] <br />Agatha o Normandy (existence doubtful) | styles = The Keeng o the Angles <br />The Duke o the Normans | house = [[Norman dynasty]] | father = [[Robert I, Duke o Normandy]] | mother = [[Herleva]] o Falaise | birth_date = Aboot 1028<ref name=Bates33/> | birth_place = [[Falaise, Calvados|Falaise]], [[Duchy o Normandy|Normandy]] | death_date = 9 September 1087 (aged about 59) | death_place = Priory of Saint Gervase, [[Rouen]], Normandy | place of burial = [[Abbaye-aux-Hommes|Saint-Étienne de Caen]], Fraunce }} '''William the Conqueror''' ({{lang-fr|Guillaume le Conquérant}}) ({{Circa}} 1028<ref name=Bates33>{{cite book |author=Bates, David |authorlink=David Bates (historian) |title=William the Conqueror |publisher=Tempus|pages=33 |location=Stroud, UK |year=2001 |isbn=0-7524-1980-3 }}</ref> – 9 September 1087), forby kent as '''William I o Ingland''' (''Guillaume Ier d’Angleterre'') an '''William II o Normandy''' (''Guillaume II de Normandie''), wis the first [[Normans|Norman]] [[Inglis monarchy|Keeng o Ingland]] frae [[Christmas]], 1066 till his daith. He wis forby [[Duke o Normandy]] frae 3 Julie 1035 till his daith. Afore his conquest o Ingland, he wis kent as '''William the Bastard''' (''Guillaume le Bâtard'') acause o the [[illegitimacy]] o his birth. Tae press his claim tae the Inglis croun, William invadit Ingland in 1066, leadin an airmy o [[Normans]], [[Bretons]], [[Flemings]], an Frenchmen (frae Paris an [[Île-de-France (province)|Île-de-France]]) tae victory ower the Inglis forces o King [[Harold Godwinson]] at the [[Battle o Hastings]], an suppressed subsequent Inglis [[Leet o revolutions an rebellions|revolts]] in wha haes become kent as the [[Norman conquest o Ingland|Norman Conquest]].<ref name="BBC Norman">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/1066_01.shtml|title=1066|date=1 May 2001|accessdate=16 July 2007|work=BBC|author=Dr. Mike Ibeji}}</ref> His reign, whilk brocht Norman-French cultur tae Ingland, haed an impact on the subsequent course o [[Ingland in the Middle Ages]]. The details o that impact an the extent o the chynges hae been debatit bi scholars for centuries. In addition to the obvious change o ruler, his reign forby saw a programme o biggin an fortification, chynges tae the [[Inglis leid]], a shift in the upper levels o society an the kirk, an adoption o some aspects o continental kirk reform. == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|William I of England}} [[Category:1020s births]] [[Category:1087 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Calvados]] [[Category:Dukes o Normandy]] [[Category:Inglis monarchs]] [[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:French Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Daiths bi horse-ridin accident]] [[Category:Norman conquest o Ingland]] [[Category:Anglo-Normans]] [[Category:Breetish Monarchs buried abroad]] [[Category:Medieval bairn rulers]] [[Category:Touer o Lunnon]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Fraunce]] {{stub}} do684iktikaexr2ddtj8jq161caiqzw Jewish Autonomous Oblast 0 14143 919449 919363 2026-07-16T11:26:22Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Short descreeption|Federal subject o the Roushie Federation in the Roushie Far East}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox Roushie federal subject | en_name=Jewish Autonomous Oblast | ru_name=Еврейская автономная область | loc_lang1=Yiddish | loc_name1={{Script/Hebrew|ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט‎}} | image_map=Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Crimea disputed).svg | coordinates={{coord|48|36|N|132|12|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}} | image_coa=Coat of arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg | image_flag=Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg | flag_size=125px | anthem= | anthem_ref= | political_status=Autonomous oblast | political_status_link=Autonomous oblasts of Russia | federal_district=[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastren]] | economic_region=[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastren]] | adm_ctr_type=Admeenistrative centre | adm_ctr_name=[[Birobidzhan]] | adm_ctr_ref=<ref>Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;5</ref> | pop_2021census=150453 | pop_2021census_rank=80th | urban_pop_2021census=70.8% | rural_pop_2021census=29.2% | pop_2021census_ref=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=1 September 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]] |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901194902/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref> | pop_latest= | pop_latest_ref= | pop_latest_date= | demographics_type2=GDP {{nobold|(nominal, 2024)}} | demographics2_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/accounts# |title=Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года |website=rosstat.gov.ru}}</ref> | demographics2_title1=Awthegither | demographics2_info1=[[Russian ruble|₽]]{{FXConvert|RUS|102|b|lk=on}} | demographics2_title2=Per heid | demographics2_info2=₽{{FXConvert|RUS|697097|lk=on}} | area_km2=36271 | area_km2_rank=61st | established_date=7 Mey 1934 | established_date_ref=<ref>Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;4</ref> | license_plates=79 | ISO=RU-YEV | leader_title=[[Governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Governor]] | leader_title_ref=<ref>Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;22</ref> | leader_name=[[Maria Kostyuk]] | leader_name_ref=<ref>Official website of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. [http://eao.ru/?p=6 Alexander Borisovich Levintal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417185911/https://www.eao.ru/?p=6 |date=April 17, 2021 }}, Governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast {{in lang|ru|yi}}</ref> | legislature=[[Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Legislative Assembly]] | legislature_ref=<ref>Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;15</ref> | website=[http://www.eao.ru www.eao.ru] }} The '''Jewish Autonomous Oblast''' ('''JAO'''){{efn|{{langx|ru|Еврейская автономная область (ЕАО)|Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast}} {{IPA|ru|jɪˈvrʲejskəjə ɐftɐˈnomnəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ (ˌje‿ˌa‿ˈo)|ipa}}; {{langx|yi|{{Script/Hebrew|ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט}}|Yidishe Avtonome Gegnt}}, {{IPA|yi|ˈjɪdɪʃə avtɔˈnɔmə ˈɡɛɡn̩t|ipa}}; {{langx|yi|{{Script/Hebrew|ייִדישע אױטאָנאָמע געגנט}}|Yidishe Oytonome Gegnt|label=Staundart Yiddish}}, {{IPA|yi|ˈjɪdɪʃə ɔɪtɔˈnɔmə ˈɡɛɡn̩t|ipa}}}} is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] o [[Roushie]] in the [[Russian Far East|far east]] o the kintra. It mairches wi [[Khabarovsk Krai]] an [[Amur Oblast]] in Roushie, an wi [[Heilongjiang]] province in [[Cheena]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eran Laor Cartographic Collection. The National Library of Israel |title=Map of Manchuria and region, 1942 |url=http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_MAPS_JER003509115 |access-date=January 23, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529021008/http://primo.nli.org.il/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=NLI&docid=NNL_MAPS_JER003509115&context=L |url-status=live }}</ref> Its [[administrative centre]] is the toun o [[Birobidzhan]]. An official Soviet decree set the JAO aside in 1928, an it wis formally establisht in 1934. At its heicht in the late 1940s, the [[Jews|Jewish]] population o the region rase tae aboot 46,000–50,000, or near 25% o aw its indwallers.<ref name="Holley-2005" /> The share o Jews gaed steadily doun efter that. The [[2021 Russian census]] recordit juist 837 ethnic Jews in the JAO (0.6%). Article 65 o the [[Constitution of Russia]] sets oot that the JAO is Roushie's anerly [[Autonomous oblasts of Russia|autonomous oblast]]. It is ane o the twa officially Jewish jurisdictions in the warld, the ither bein [[Israel]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492962278/sad-and-absurd-the-u-s-s-r-s-disastrous-effort-to-create-a-jewish-homeland |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311203924/https://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492962278/sad-and-absurd-the-u-s-s-r-s-disastrous-effort-to-create-a-jewish-homeland |url-status=live }}</ref> It is ane o the few places in the warld whaur [[Yiddish]] is a recognised [[minority language|minority leid]].<ref name=jao-ustav>{{cite web|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/region/ustav_evreis/chapter/1/|title=Устав Еврейской автономной области от 8 октября 1997 г. N 40-ОЗ (с изменениями и дополнениями) Глава I. Общие положения. Статья 6.2 [Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast N 40-ОЗ (with the Amendments and Additions of 8 October 1997): Chapter I. General situation. Article 6.2]|website=Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации [Site of the Constitution of the Russian Federation]|publisher=Garant|access-date=2023-06-16|archive-date=2015-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221205825/http://constitution.garant.ru/region/ustav_evreis/chapter/1/#block_1000|url-status=live|quote=В области создаются условия для сохранения, изучения и развития языков еврейского народа и других народов, проживающих на территории области.|trans-quote=In the oblast the conditions will be created for the protection, study and growth of the languages of the Jewish peoples and other peoples living on the territory of the oblast.}}</ref> == Historie == {{Main|History of the Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast}} {{See also|History of the Jews in Russia|History of the Jews in the Soviet Union}} === Backgrund === ==== The Roushie annexation o the Amur region ==== Afore 1858, the laund that maks up the Jewish Autonomous Oblast the day wis ruled, ae efter anither, bi a wheen o [[Dynasties in Chinese history|Cheenese imperial dynasties]]. In 1858, the north bank o the [[Amur River]], includin the laund o the modren JAO, wis sindert frae the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Cheenese]] territory o [[Manchuria under Qing rule|Manchurie]] an brocht intae the [[Russian Empire|Roushie Empire]] unner the [[Treaty of Aigun]] (1858) an the [[Convention of Peking]] (1860). ==== Militar colonisation ==== In December 1858, the Roushie govrenment authorised the settin-up o the [[Amur Cossacks|Amur Cossack Host]] for tae hain the sooth-east mairch o Siberie an the communication routes alang the Amur an [[Ussuri]] rivers.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> Settlers frae [[Transbaikalia]] cam as pairt o this militar colonisation. Atween 1858 an 1882, mony settlements o widden hooses war foondit.<ref name="Ravenstein-1861">{{Cite book |last=Ravenstein |first=Ernst Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XEEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA156 |title=The Russians on the Amur: its discovery, conquest, and colonization, with a description of the country, its inhabitants, productions, and commercial capabilities ... |publisher=Trübner and co. |year=1861 |page=156 |author-link=Ernst Georg Ravenstein}}</ref> As mony as 40,000 men frae the Roushie militar are thocht tae hae flittit tae the region.<ref name="Ravenstein-1861"/> Expeditions o scientists—amang thaim geographers, ethnographers, naturalists an botanists sic as [[Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov]], [[Leopold von Schrenck]], [[Karl Maximovich]], [[Gustav Radde]] an [[Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov]]—helpit forder research in the area.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> ==== Biggin the Trans-Siberian Railway ==== {{Multi image | direction=vertical | image1=Trans siberian railroad large.png | alt1= | caption1=Map o the Trans-Siberian Railway: the first route in reid an the Baikal–Amur Mainline in green. | image2=Yevrey03.png | total_width=250 | caption2=The Jewish Autonomous Oblast, wi its admeenistrative centre Birobidzhan unnerlined. | align=right | width=250 }} In 1899, wark begoud on the regional section o the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] atween [[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]] an [[Vladivostok]]. The project brocht a muckle influx o new settlers an led tae new settlements bein foondit. Atween 1908 an 1912, stations opened at Volochayevka, [[Obluchye]], [[Bira, Russia|Bira]], [[Birakan]], [[Londoko]], [[In, Russia|In]] an [[Tikhonkaya, Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Tikhonkaya]]. The railway wis feenisht in October 1916, whan the {{convert|2590|m|adj=on}} [[Khabarovsk Bridge]] ower the Amur at [[Khabarovsk]] opened. At that time, afore the [[Russian Revolution|revolution o 1917]], maist o the local fowk war fermers.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> The Tungussky timmer-mill wis the anerly industrial concern, tho gowd wis howkit frae the Sutara River an thare wis a wheen o wee railway warkshops.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> ==== Roushie Civil War ==== In 1922, durin the [[Russian Civil War|Roushie Civil War]], the laund o the future Jewish Autonomous Oblast wis the scene o the [[Battle of Volochayevka]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=990 |title=Anniversary of the Battle of Volochayevka |access-date=April 18, 2025 |archive-date=June 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614154849/http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=990 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Soviet policies anent the Jews ==== Altho [[Judaism]] as a religion ran agin the [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik Pairty]]'s atheist policy, an organised Jewish commonties war hauden doun throu the closin o synagogues an the harassment o believers, [[Vladimir Lenin]] socht an aw tae content minority groups, win thair support an shaw examples o tolerance.<ref name=siegel/><ref name="Gessen-2016">{{Cite book |authorlink=Masha Gessen|last=Gessen |first=Masha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfW4DAAAQBAJ |title=Where the Jews Aren't: The Sad and Absurd Story of Birobidzhan, Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region |date=2016-08-23 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8052-4246-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Weinberg |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6UwDwAAQBAJ&q=autonomous |title=Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928–1996 |date=1998-05-25 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20990-9 |language=en|location=Berkeley}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srebrnik |first=Henry Felix |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1zxsj1m |title=Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951 |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Studies Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1zxsj1m |jstor=j.ctt1zxsj1m |isbn=978-1-936235-11-7}}</ref> In 1924, mair nor 30% o Jews had nae wark,<ref name="Kipnis-JVL">{{Cite web |last=Kipnis |first=Mark |title=Komzet |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0012_0_11427.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155108/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0012_0_11427.html |archive-date=16 January 2017 |website=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |publisher=Encyclopaedia Judaica}}</ref> in pairt acause Soviet policies agin private property keepit thaim frae wirkin as craftworkers or wee business owners, as mony had dune afore the revolution.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Masha |last1=Gessen |date=September 7, 2016 |title='Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492962278/sad-and-absurd-the-u-s-s-r-s-disastrous-effort-to-create-a-jewish-homeland |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Ettlin tae get Jews back intae wark as mair productive members o society, the govrenment set up [[Komzet]], the committee for the agricultural settlement o Jews.<ref name="Kipnis-JVL"/> The Soviet govrenment conseedert resettlin aw the Jews in the USSR in a set territory, whaur they coud follae a wey o life that wis “socialist in content an national in form”. The Roushies socht tae offer an alternative tae [[Zionism]] an tae the [[Mandate for Palestine]] as a Jewish hameland. [[Socialist Zionist]]s sic as [[Ber Borochov]] war winnin followers at the time. Zionism wis the favoured ideology in the warld's political economy o the Yiddish interpretations, which war fundamentally at odds wi the USSR acause the Yiddish muivement's opposition—seen, for example, in [[Emma Goldman]]—tae the ethno-nationalism that shaped the Soviet states wis growin.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014" /> [[Crimea]] wis first conseedert in the early 1920s, whan it awready had a sizeable Jewish population.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014">{{Cite web |first1=Asya |last1=Pereltsvaig |author-link=Asya Pereltsvaig |date=October 9, 2014 |title=Birobidzhan: Frustrated Dreams of a Jewish Homeland |url=https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/russia-ukraine-and-the-caucasus/birobidzhan-frustrated-dreams-jewish-homeland.html}}</ref> Twa Jewish districts ({{lang|ru|raiony}}) war set up in Crimea an three in sooth Ukraine.<ref name="Kipnis-JVL"/><ref>{{Cite book |first1=Yaacov |last1=Ro'i |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJBH5pxzSyMC&pg=PA193 |title=Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. |year=2004 |isbn=9780714646190 |page=193}}</ref> Houaniver, an alternative plan, thocht tae hae mair advantages, wis pitten intae practice.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> {{Multiple image | image1= | caption1= | image2=Chapel of St. Dmitry Donskoy.jpg | caption2=The Chapel o St Dmitry Donskoy. | image3=Волочаевский бой фото5.jpg | caption3=A monument tae the [[Battle of Volochayevka]]. | direction=vertical | width=250 | align=right | image4=Government-hq.jpg | caption4=A Yiddish–Roushie sign on the JAO govrenment heidquarters. }} === Early historie === ==== Establishment ==== In the end, the Soviet leadership wale [[Birobidzhan]], in whit is nou the JAO, as the steid for the Jewish region.<ref name="Rosen-2004">{{Cite web |first1=Arthur |last1=Rosen |date=February 2004 |title=Birobidzhan – the Almost Soviet Jewish Autonomous Region |url=https://www.jewishmag.com/75mag/birobidzhan/birobidzhan.htm |access-date=April 18, 2025 |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126003718/http://www.jewishmag.com/75mag/birobidzhan/birobidzhan.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Komzet wis taen aback bi the wale: the area had been waled for militar an economic raisons.<ref name=siegel/> Cheenese groups aften gaed intae the region, while [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] wantit Roushie tae loss the provinces o the [[Soviet Far East]]. At the time, anerly aboot 30,000 fowk bade in the area. Maist war descendants o Trans-Baikal [[Cossacks]] resettled thare bi the tsarist authorities, alang wi Koreans, Kazakhs an the [[Tungusic peoples]].<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Nora |last1=Levin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Nz0N5GBW6MC |title=The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival, Volume 1 |publisher=New York University Press |year=1990 |isbn=9780814750513 |page=283}}</ref> The Soviet govrenment socht tae bring mair settlers tae the remote [[Russian Far East]], abuin aw alang the exposed mairch wi Cheena. General [[Pavel Sudoplatov]] wrate o the govrenment's raison for walin the area in the Far East: {{quote|Stalin ordert the establishment o the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Birobidzhan in 1928 anerly as a wey tae strenthen the Far Eastren mairch wi an ootpost, no as a favour tae the Jews. Cheenese an White Roushie resistance groups war aye gaun intae the area, an the ettle wis tae hain the territory bi settin up a colony whase indwallers wad be fremmit tae the [[White émigré|White Roushie émigrés]], abuin aw the Cossacks. The region wis cannily gien the status o an autonomous district, no an autonomous republic. That meant it coud hae nae local legislature, heich coort or govrenment post at ministerial rank. It wis an autonomous area, but a bare frontier raither nor a political centre.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Pavel |last1=Sudoplatov |first2=Anatolii |last2=Sudoplatov |first3=Jerrold L. |last3=Schecter |first4=Leona P. |last4=Schecter |title=[[Special Tasks|Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness – A Soviet Spymaster]] |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Little, Brown & Co. |year=1994 |page=289}}</ref>}} On 28 Mairch 1928, the Presidium o the General Executive Committee o the USSR passed the decree “On the attaching for Komzet of free territory near the Amur River in the Russian Far East for settlement of the working Jews”.<ref name="Britton-2012"/> The decree opened “a possibility of establishment of a Jewish administrative territorial unit on the territory of said region”.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/><ref name="Britton-2012">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QLiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105|title=Behind Communism|first=Frank L.|last=Britton|date=November 19, 2012|publisher=Lulu|isbn=978-1-300-06605-7 |via=Google Books}}</ref> The new territory wis first cried the [[Birobidzhan]] Jewish National Raion.<ref name=siegel/> Birobidzhan's geography an climate war baith sair. It wis muntainous, happit in unbrocken forests o aik, pine an cedar, an had boggy laund an aw. Onie new settlers wad hae tae big thair lives frae the grund up. For tae mak colonisation mair ettlin, the Soviet govrenment alloued private ownership o laund. This brocht mony non-Jews tae settle in the oblast for tae get a free ferm.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Richard |last1=Overy |url=https://archive.org/details/dictators00rich |title=The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia |publisher=W.W. Norton Company, Inc |year=2004 |isbn=9780393020304 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictators00rich/page/567 567] |url-access=registration}}</ref> In the spring o 1928, 654 Jews cam for tae settle in the area. By October, houaniver, 49.7% o thaim had left acause o the sair conditions.<ref name=siegel/> In the simmer o 1928, torrential rain fludit the craps an an ootbrak o [[anthrax]] killt the nowt.<ref name="Gessen-2016" /> On 7 Mey 1934, the Presidium o the General Executive Committee acceptit a decree turnin it intae the Jewish Autonomous Region athin the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]].<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> In 1938, whan the [[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabarovsk Territory]] wis formed, the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR) wis taen intae its structure.<ref name="Britton-2012"/> ==== Growthe o Jewish commonties in the early 1930s ==== {{Multiple image | direction=vertical | image1=Щедрые дары еврейской земли, рынок у пос. Николаевка ф2.JPG | alt1= | width=250 | align=right | image2=Биробиджан, вокзал (cropped).jpg | caption1=Mercat near the clachan o Nikolaevka. | caption2=A menorah ower the forepairt o Birobidzhan railway station. | image3=Село Владимировка ЕАО фото.JPG | caption3=Vladimirovka clachan. }} In the 1930s, a Soviet promotional campaign ettled tae draw mair Jewish settlers tae the region. It uised the common Soviet promotional tuils o the time, includin posters an Yiddish-leid novelles that descrived a socialist utopie thare. On ae occasion, leaflets promotin Birobidzhan war drappit frae an aeroplane ower a Jewish neebourheid in Belarus. On anither, a govrenment-made Yiddish film cried ''[[Seekers of Happiness]]'' tellt o a Jewish faimily frae owerseas biggin a new life in Birobidzhan.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> The early Jewish settlements includit [[Valdgeym]], foondit in 1928, whaur the first [[collective farm]] in the oblast wis set up;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stalin's forgotten Zion: the harsh realities of Birobidzhan |url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/Home/News/biro/html/panel13.html |publisher=Swarthmore}}</ref> [[Amurzet]], the centre o Jewish settlement sooth o Birobidzhan frae 1929 tae 1939;<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2004 |title=A Jew Receives State Award in Jewish Autonomous Republic |url=http://fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=170388&cid=84435&media=80392&NewsType=80052&origMedia=80392&scope=3806&start=30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015959/http://fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=170388&cid=84435&media=80392&NewsType=80052&origMedia=80392&scope=3806&start=30 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2026-07-15 |publisher=The Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS |location=Birobidjan, RU }}</ref> an [[Smidovich]]. The [[Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union]], a Jewish Communist organisation in North Americae, successfully encouragit a wheen o US indwallers tae flit thare. Amang thaim wis the faimily o the future spy [[George Koval]], wha cam in 1932.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/><ref>{{Cite magazine |first1=Michael |last1=Walsh |date=May 2009 |title=George Koval: Atomic Spy Unmasked |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/george-koval-atomic-spy-unmasked-125046223/ |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |access-date=January 12, 2017 |archive-date=September 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033651/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/george-koval-atomic-spy-unmasked-125046223/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Aboot 1,200 Jews frae ootwith the Soviet Union chose tae settle in Birobidzhan.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/><ref name="Rosen-2004"/> As the Jewish population grew, sae did the influence o [[Yiddish culture]] on the region. The settlers set up a Yiddish newspaper, the ''[[Birobidzhaner Shtern]]''; a theatre company wis formed; an streets in the new ceety war nemmit efter kenspeckle Yiddish authors sic as [[Sholom Aleichem]] an [[I. L. Peretz]].<ref name="Srebrnik-2006" /> ==== Stalin's time an the Seicont Warld War ==== The Jewish population o the JAO rase tae a pre-war heicht o 20,000 in 1937.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhq85nPrdsC&pg=PA326|title=A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990|first=James|last=Forsyth|date=September 8, 1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-47771-0 |via=Google Books}}</ref> The 1939 census recordit 17,695 Jews in the region, or 16% o its haill population.<ref name="Britton-2012"/><ref name="atlas">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-w9JCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA257|title=Russian Political Atlas – Political Situation, Elections, Foreign Policy |date=July 31, 2015 |publisher=Lulu Press, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-329-39045-4 }}</ref> Efter the war endit in 1945, interest kythit up again in Birobidzhan as a possible hame for Jewish refugees. In 1948 the region's Jewish population rase tae aboot 46,000–50,000, near a quarter o aw the JAO's indwallers.<ref name="Holley-2005" /> ==== Cauld War ==== The census o 1959 fand that the Jewish population o the JAO had gane doun bi aboot a hauf, tae 14,269 fowk.<ref name=atlas/> A synagogue opened at the end o the Seicont Warld War, but sneckit in the mid-1960s efter a fire duin it muckle skaith.<ref name="Frank-2012">{{Cite web |first1=Ben G. |last1=Frank |date=April 15, 2012 |title=A Visit to the 'Soviet Jerusalem' |url=http://crownheights.info/something-jewish/43151/a-visit-to-the-soviet-jerusalem/ |publisher=CrownHeights.info |access-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116151306/http://crownheights.info/something-jewish/43151/a-visit-to-the-soviet-jerusalem/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1980, a Yiddish schuil opened in [[Valdgeym]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pinkus |first=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=52Ew77pZsNUC |title=The Jews of the Soviet Union: the History of a national minority |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-521-38926-6 |page=272 |chapter=The Post-Stalin period, 1953–83 |access-date=2009-02-18 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=52Ew77pZsNUC&pg=PA272}}</ref> In 1987, the reformin Soviet govrenment led bi [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] pardoned mony political prisoners an tellt the American Jewish commonty that it wad allou 11,000 Jewish [[refusenik]]s tae emigrate.{{sfnm|1a1=Doder|1a2=Branson|1y=1990|1p=195}} The 1989 Soviet census recordit 8,887 Jews in the JAO, 4% o its haill population o 214,085.<ref name="siegel">{{Cite web |last=Siegel |first=William R. |title=Nation Making in Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast |url=https://www2.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya%20archive/05-03_siegel.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902184547/https://www.gwu.edu/~ieresgwu/assets/docs/demokratizatsiya%20archive/05-03_siegel.pdf |archive-date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> === Post-Soviet historie === [[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - Jewish Agency Representatives.jpg|thumb|Fowk frae [[Birobidzhan]] [[1990s post-Soviet aliyah|arrivin in Israel]], 23 Mairch 1993.]] In 1991, efter the Soviet Union brak up, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast becam a [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] o Roushie an wis nae langer unner [[Khabarovsk Krai]]. By then, houaniver, maist Jews had emigrate frae the Soviet Union, an the Jews left ahint makkit up less nor 2% o the local population.<ref name="Srebrnik-2006">{{Cite web |first1=Henry |last1=Srebrnik |date=July 2006 |title=Birobidzhan: A Remnant of History |url=http://jewishcurrents.org/old-site/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Birobidzhan.pdf |publisher=[[Jewish Currents]]}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> In early 1996, 872 fowk—20% o the Jewish population at the time—emigrate tae [[Tel Aviv]] on charter flichts.<ref name="Brook-1996">{{Cite news |first1=James |last1=Brook |date=July 11, 1996 |title=Birobidzhan Journal;A Promised Land in Siberia? Well, Thanks, but ... |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/11/world/birobidzhan-journal-a-promised-land-in-siberia-well-thanks-but.html |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |access-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816065041/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/11/world/birobidzhan-journal-a-promised-land-in-siberia-well-thanks-but.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, 2,357 Jews bade in the JAO.<ref name=atlas/> An airticle frae 2004 said the nummer o Jews in the region wis “nou growin”.<ref name="Strauss-2004">{{Cite news |first1=Julius |last1=Strauss |date=August 17, 2004 |title=Jewish enclave created in Siberia by Stalin stages a revival |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/1469623/Jewish-enclave-created-in-Siberia-by-Stalin-stages-a-revival.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/1469623/Jewish-enclave-created-in-Siberia-by-Stalin-stages-a-revival.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> By 2005, [[Amurzet]] had a wee but active Jewish commonty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2005 |title=Remote Far East Village Mobilizes for Purim |url=http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=267005 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204000238/http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=267005 |archive-date=February 4, 2009 |publisher=Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS}}</ref> An airticle in ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'' in Apryle 2007 threapit that the Jewish population had grown tae aboot 4,000. It citit [[Mordechai Scheiner]], the [[Chief Rabbi]] o the JAO frae 2002 tae 2011, wha said that Jewish cultur wis seein a religious an cultural revival at the time.<ref name="Gur-2007">{{Cite news |first1=Haviv |last1=Rettig Gur |author-link1=Haviv Rettig Gur|date=April 17, 2007 |title=Yiddish returns to Birobidzhan |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=https://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/Yiddish-returns-to-Birobidzhan}}</ref> Accordin tae Roushie census data, houaniver, by 2010 aboot 1,600 fowk o Jewish descent war left in the JAO—1% o its population—while ethnic Roushies makkit up 93%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2016 |title=Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region In Siberia 'Ready' To House European Jews. |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-jewish-autonomous-region-house-european-jews/27498765.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]]}}</ref> Accordin tae an airticle frae 2000, Birobidzhan had a wheen o state-run schuils that taucht Yiddish, a Yiddish schuil for religious teachin, an a nursery. Bairns atween five an seiven had twa lessons ilka week for tae learn spoken Yiddish, alang wi Jewish sangs, dance an traditions.<ref name="Steen-2000">{{Cite news |last=Steen |first=Michael |date=January 13, 2000 |title=Soviet-era Jewish homeland struggles on |work=Utusan Online |url=http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&dt=0113&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Features&pg=fe_02.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=January 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113171700/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&dt=0113&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Features&pg=fe_02.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> An airticle in ''[[The Washington Times]]'' in 2006 said that Yiddish wis taucht in the schuils, a Yiddish radio station wis rinnin, an the ''Birobidzhaner Shtern'' newspaper had a section in Yiddish.<ref name="washingtontimes.com">{{Cite news |date=7 January 2006 |title=Jewish life revived in Russia |work=The Washington Times |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/jan/7/20060107-104818-4703r/}}</ref> [[File:OmqBXApVTdk.tif|thumb|Memorial tae the Jewish poet [[Isaac Leibovich Bronfman]].]] In 2002, [[The Cinema Guild]] released ''[[L'Chayim, Comrade Stalin!]]'', a documentary anent Stalin's creation an settlement o the Jewish Autonomous Region. As weel as tellin the historie o the Jewish Autonomous Oblast's creation, the film shaws life in modren Birobidzhan an interviews wi Jewish indwallers.<ref name="Kehr-2003">{{Cite web |last=Kehr|first=Dave |author-link=Dave Kehr |date=January 31, 2003 |title=Film Review; When Soviet Jews Sought Paradise in Siberian Swamps and Snow |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/31/movies/film-review-when-soviet-jews-sought-paradise-in-siberian-swamps-and-snow.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Accordin tae an airticle frae 2010, Yiddish wis the leid o teachin in juist ane o Birobidzhan's fourteen state schuils. Twa schuils, wi a quarter o the ceety's pupils, gied compulsory Yiddish lessons tae bairns frae sax tae ten year auld.<ref name="Herszenhorn-2012"/><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Alfonso |last1=Daniels |date=June 7, 2010 |title=Why some Jews would rather live in Siberia than Israel |work=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0607/Why-some-Jews-would-rather-live-in-Siberia-than-Israel}}</ref> As o 2012, the ''[[Birobidzhaner Shtern]]'' wis aye prentin twa or three pages in Yiddish ilka week, an ae local primary schuil wis aye teachin Yiddish.<ref name="Herszenhorn-2012">{{Cite news |first1=David M. |last1=Herszenhorn |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Despite Predictions, Jewish Homeland in Siberia Retains Its Appeal |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/world/europe/jewish-homeland-in-birobidzhan-russia-retains-appeal.html |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331040710/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/world/europe/jewish-homeland-in-birobidzhan-russia-retains-appeal.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An airticle frae 2012 said that “anerly a gey wee minority, maistly aulder fowk, speak Yiddish”; that a new synagogue sponsort bi [[Chabad]] had opened at 14a Sholom-Aleichem Street; an that the [[Sholem Aleichem Amur State University]] gied a Yiddish course.<ref name="Frank-2012"/> Accordin tae an airticle frae 2015, kosher meat cam bi train frae [[Moscow]] ilka few weeks; a Sunday schuil wis rinnin; an thare wis a [[minyan]] on Friday nichts an [[Shabbat]].<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Ben G. |last1=Frank |date=May 27, 2015 |title=A Railway Sign In Yiddish? – Only in Siberia |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/a-railway-sign-in-yiddish-only-in-siberia/2015/05/27/ |work=[[Jewish Press]]}}</ref> An airticle in ''[[The Guardian]]'' frae November 2017, cried “Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage”, leukit at the ceety's state at the time. It said that, tho the Jewish Autonomous Region in Roushie's far east wis nou haurdly 1% Jewish, officials howpit tae bring back fowk wha had left efter the Soviet collapse.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Shaun |date=27 September 2017 |title=Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/27/revival-of-a-soviet-zion-birobidzhan-celebrates-its-jewish-heritage}}</ref> ==== Proposals in 2013 for tae merge the JAO wi neebourin regions ==== In 2013, proposals war pitten forrit for tae merge the JAO wi [[Khabarovsk Krai]] or [[Amur Oblast]].<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> The proposals led tae protests<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> an war rejectit bi the indwallers,<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Ilan |last1=Goren |date=August 24, 2013 |title=In Eastern Russia, the Idea of a Jewish Autonomy Is Being Brought Back to Life |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2013-08-24/ty-article/.premium/reviving-stalins-idea-for-jewish-autonomy/0000017f-f7de-d044-adff-f7ff19830000 |archive-date=September 27, 2017 |access-date=April 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052456/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.543221 |url-status=live }}</ref> an bi the Jewish commonty o Roushie. Speirins war raised an aw anent whether the [[Constitution of Russia]] wad allou sic a merger, an whether it wad need a national referendum.<ref name="Pereltsvaig-2014"/> == Cultur == The JAO an its historie are shawn in the documentary film ''[[L'Chayim, Comrade Stalin!]]''.<ref name="Kehr-2003"/> Released in 2002, the film tells hou [[Joseph Stalin]] creatit the Jewish Autonomous Oblast an hou thoosands o [[Russian language|Roushie]]- an [[Yiddish]]-speakin [[Jew]]s pairtly settled it. As weel as tellin the historie o the proposed [[Jewish homeland|Jewish hameland]], the film shaws life in modren Birobidzhan an interviews wi Jewish indwallers. == Geography == The north an wast o the oblast are muntainous, wi ranges sic as the [[Lesser Khingan]] an the [[Bureya Range]]. [[Mount Studencheskaya]], in the Bureya Range, is the heichest pynt in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast at {{convert|1421|m|ft}}. The sooth an east are pairt o the [[Amur valley]], wi juist a wheen o wee residual riggs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Еврейская автономная область - Географическое положение и рельеф |url=https://www.eao.ru/o-eao/obshchie-svedeniya/geograficheskoe-polozhenie-i-relef--1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220035252/https://www.eao.ru/o-eao/obshchie-svedeniya/geograficheskoe-polozhenie-i-relef--1/ |archive-date=December 20, 2021 |access-date=December 20, 2021}}</ref> === Climate === The territory haes a [[monsoon]]al an [[anticyclonic]] [[climate]]. The [[East Asia]]n monsoon brings warm, wat an muggy simmers, while the [[Siberian High|Siberian heich-pressure seestem]] brings cauld, dry an windy winters. == Govrenment == {{Multi image | direction=vertical | image1=Life expectancy in Russian subject -Jewish Autonomous Oblast.png | caption1=Life expectancy at birth in the JAO. | align=right | image2=Proportion of Jews in the general population of the Jewish Autonomous Region by year.jpg | width= | caption2=Share o Jews in the haill population o the JAO bi year. | total_width=350 }} Article 65 o the [[Constitution of Russia]] sets oot that the JAO is Roushie's anerly [[Autonomous oblasts of Russia|autonomous oblast]]. === Admeenistrative diveesions === {{Main|Administrative divisions of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast}} The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is sindert intae five [[Raion|districts]], ane o thaim bein Birobidzhan, a toun wi [[City of federal subject significance|district status]]. The oblast haes ae ither toun, [[Obluchye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Obluchye]], an eleven [[urban-type settlements]] forby. == Economy == The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is pairt o the [[Far Eastern Economic Region]]. It haes industry an agriculture, an a transport netwark o roads, railways an watterweys. Tho it haes nae sea coast, it is a [[free economic zone]]. The oblast's minerals an its biggin an finishin materials are socht efter in the [[Economy of Russia|Roushie mercat]]. [[Nonferrous metallurgy]], ingineerin, metalwarkin, biggin-materials, forestry, [[woodworking]], [[light industry]] an [[food industry|food production]] are its maist weel-developit industrial sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2004 |title=Jewish Autonomous Region |url=http://www.kommersant.com/p-31/r_374/Jewish_Autonomous_Region/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104062851/http://www.kommersant.com/p-31/r_374/Jewish_Autonomous_Region/ |archive-date=November 4, 2011 |access-date=December 22, 2011 |website=Kommersant Moscow |publisher=Kommersant. Publishing House |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Agriculture is the Jewish Autonomous Oblast's main economic sector acause o its fertile grund an [[Moisture|wat climate]]. The region's lairgest companies include the Kimkano–Sutarsky Minin an Processin Plant, wi income o ${{to USD|6800|RUS|year=2017}} million in 2017; the Teploozersky Cement Plant, wi ${{to USD|1700|RUS|year=2017}} million; an Brider Trading Hoose, wi ${{to USD|1400|RUS|year=2017}} million.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО |url=https://sbis.ru/contragents?p=companies |access-date=20 October 2018 |website=СБИС |language=ru |archive-date=October 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021024515/https://sbis.ru/contragents?p=companies |url-status=live }}</ref> === Transport === The region's weel-developit transport netwark haes {{convert|530|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} o railway, includin the Trans-Siberian Railway frae the time o the tsars; {{convert|600|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} o watterwey on the Amur an Tunguska rivers; an {{convert|1900|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} o roads, includin {{convert|1600|km|mi|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wi a paved surface. The maist important road is the Khabarovsk–Birobidzhan–Obluchye–Amur Region heichwey, wi a ferry ower the Amur. The [[Birobidzhan Yuzhniy Airfield]], in the middle o the region, links Birobidzhan wi Khabarovsk an wi the ootby district centres. ==== Tongjiang–Nizhneleninskoye railway brig ==== {{Main|Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge}} The Tongjiang–Nizhneleninskoye railway brig is {{convert|2.215|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} lang an cost $355 million. It links [[Nizhneleninskoye]] in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast wi [[Tongjiang, Heilongjiang|Tongjiang]] in [[Heilongjiang Province]], [[Cheena]]. The brig opened in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lilit |last1=Marcus |date=August 20, 2021 |title=First cross-river railway bridge between China and Russia completed |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/tongjiang-china-russia-bridge-complete-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714135547/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/tongjiang-china-russia-bridge-complete-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> an cairries mair nor {{convert|3|e6t|e6ST e6LT|abbr=off|sigfig=2}} o freight an 1.5 million passengers ilka year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 25, 2016 |title=Work Starts On First China-Russia Highway Bridge |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-china-amur-river-highway-bridge-border-trade/28195627.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]] |access-date=April 18, 2025 |archive-date=June 12, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612095119/https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-china-amur-river-highway-bridge-border-trade/28195627.html |url-status=live }}</ref> == Demography == {{Historical populations|3=1926|4=35540|5=1939|6=108900|7=1959|8=162856|9=1970|10=172449|11=1979|12=190219|13=1989|14=215937|15=2002|16=190915|17=2010|18=176558|19=2021|20=150453|type=|footnote=Soorce: census data}} The JAO's population haes gane doun bi mair nor 40% syne 1989, lairgely acause o the muckle exodus atween 1989 an 1996. The recordit population wis {{ru-census|p1989=215,937|punct=}} in 1989 an {{ru-census|p2021=150,453|punct=.}} in 2021. === Ethnic groups === {| class="wikitable" |+ Ethnicities in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]] |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Ethnicity ! Population !! Percent |- | [[Russians|Roushies]] | 133,625 || 88.8% |- | [[Ukrainians]] | 1,292 || 0.9% |- | [[Jews]] | 837 || 0.6% |- | [[Tatars]] | 431 || 0.3% |- | [[Azerbaijanis]] | 411 || 0.3% |- | [[Tajiks]] | 371 || 0.2% |- | Ither ethnicities | 2,712 || 1.8% |- | Ethnicity no gien | 10,774 || 7.2% |} In the late 1940s, the [[Jews|Jewish]] population o the region rase tae aboot 46,000–50,000, near 25% o aw its indwallers.<ref name="Holley-2005">{{Cite news |first1=David |last1=Holley |date=August 7, 2005 |title=In Russia's Far East, a Jewish Revival |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-aug-07-fg-enclave7-story.html}}</ref> The 1959 census fand that the Jewish population o the JAO had gane doun bi aboot a hauf, tae 14,269 fowk.<ref name=atlas/> In 1987, the reformin Soviet govrenment led bi [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] pardoned mony political prisoners an tellt the American Jewish commonty it wad allou 11,000 Jewish [[refusenik]]s tae emigrate.{{sfnm|1a1=Doder|1a2=Branson|1y=1990|1p=195}} The 1989 Soviet census recordit 8,887 Jews in the JAO, 4% o its haill population o 214,085.<ref name="siegel"/> Efter the Soviet Union brak up in 1991, the JAO becam a [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] o Roushie an wis nae langer unner [[Khabarovsk Krai]]. By that time, maist o the Jews had emigrate, an the Jews left ahint makkit up less nor 2% o the local population.<ref name="Srebrnik-2006"/><ref>{{Cite news |title='Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492962278/sad-and-absurd-the-u-s-s-r-s-disastrous-effort-to-create-a-jewish-homeland |access-date=2022-10-15}}</ref> In early 1996, 872 fowk, or 20% o the Jewish population at the time, emigrate tae Israel.<ref name="Brook-1996"/> In 2002, 2,357 Jews bade in the JAO.<ref name=atlas/> An airticle frae 2004 said the nummer o Jews in the region wis “nou growin”.<ref name="Strauss-2004"/> An airticle in ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'' frae Apryle 2007 threapit that the Jewish population had grown tae aboot 4,000. It citit [[Mordechai Scheiner]], the [[Chief Rabbi]] o the JAO frae 2002 tae 2011, wha said Jewish cultur wis seein a religious an cultural revival at the time.<ref name="Gur-2007"/> The [[2021 Russian census]], houaniver, recordit juist 837 ethnic Jews, or 0.6% o the JAO's population. '''Vital statistics for 2024:'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |script-title=ru:Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов российской федерации за декабрь 2024 года |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/EDN_12-2024.htm |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Rosstat |archive-date=February 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226232433/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/EDN_12-2024.htm }}</ref> * Births: 1,120 (7.7 per 1,000) * Daiths: 2,193 (15.1 per 1,000) '''Total fertility rate (2024):'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |script-title=ru:Рейтинг рождаемости в регионах: кто в лидерах, а кто в аутсайдерах {{!}} Москва |url=https://fedpress.ru/article/3365231 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=ФедералПресс |language=ru-RU}}</ref> * 1.35 bairns per wumman '''Life expectancy (2021):'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |script-title=ru:Демографический ежегодник России |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |access-date=2022-06-01 |language=ru |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |archive-date=December 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215223757/https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Awthegither – 66.12 year * Men&nbsp;– 61.73 * Weemen&nbsp;– 70.58 === Leids spoken === In the Soviet Union thare wis an ettle tae mak Yiddish an official leid athin Birobidzhan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.ipkpr.ru/index.php/pedagogicheskij-vestnik-eao/item/633|title=Идиш в ЕАО: традиции, опыт, современность|access-date=November 25, 2024|archive-date=March 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322115050/http://old.ipkpr.ru/index.php/pedagogicheskij-vestnik-eao/item/633|url-status=dead}}</ref> Unner the JAO's statute o 1997, Yiddish is ane o its recognised [[minority language|minority leids]].<ref name=jao-ustav/> Yiddish is taucht in three schuils in the region, but near aw the commonty speaks Roushie.<ref>{{Cite magazine |first1=Gal |last1=Beckerman |date=August 31, 2016 |title=A Promised Land in the U.S.S.R. |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/136493/promised-land-ussr |magazine=[[The New Republic]]}}</ref> Accordin tae an airticle frae 2000, Birobidzhan had a wheen o state-run schuils that taucht Yiddish, a Yiddish schuil for religious teachin, an a nursery. Bairns atween five an seiven had twa lessons ilka week for tae learn spoken Yiddish, alang wi Jewish sangs, dance an traditions.<ref name="Steen-2000"/> An airticle in ''[[The Washington Times]]'' in 2006 said that Yiddish wis taucht in the schuils, a Yiddish radio station wis rinnin, an the ''Birobidzhaner Shtern'' newspaper had a section in Yiddish.<ref name="washingtontimes.com"/> === Religion === {{Bar box | title=Religion in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[https://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206100344/http://sreda.org/en/arena |date=December 6, 2017 }}. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref> | float=right | bars= {{Bar percent|[[Russian Orthodoxy|Roushie Orthodoxy]]|DarkOrchid|23}} {{Bar percent|Ither [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]]|MediumOrchid|6}} {{Bar percent|Ither [[Christianity in Russia|Christians]]|DeepSkyBlue|10}} {{Bar percent|[[Islam in Russia|Islam]]|Green|1}} {{Bar percent|[[Judaism]]|Blue|1}} {{Bar percent|[[Spiritual but not religious|Spiritual but no religious]]|DarkSlateGray|35}} {{Bar percent|[[Atheism]] an [[irreligion]]|Black|22}} {{Bar percent|Ither or no gien|Gray|3}} }} Accordin tae a survey frae 2012, 23% o the Jewish Autonomous Oblast's population follae [[Russian Orthodox Church|Roushie Orthodoxy]]. Anither 6% are [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox Christians]] unner ither kirk jurisdictions, or Orthodox believers wha belang tae nae kirk; an 9% are [[Nondenominational Christianity|unaffiliatit]] or general Christians.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas" /> [[Judaism]], tho it is the religion associatit wi the oblast's titular ethno-religious group, is practised bi juist 1% o the population. That is anerly a bittie abuin the national average an near the figure for commonties in ither federal subjects. Forby, 35% cried thairsels “spiritual but no religious”, while 22% professit [[atheism]]. This maks the Jewish Autonomous Oblast ane o the least religious regions in Roushie. Awthegither, 5% follaed ither religions or wadna answer the speirin.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas" /> Archbishop Ephraim (Prosyanka) (2015) is heid o the Roushie Orthodox Eparchy (Diocese) o Birobidzhan, establisht in 2002. == See an aw == {{Portal|Judaism|Russia}} * [[History of the Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] * [[Beit T'shuva|Beit T'shuva Synagogue]] * [[East Asian Jews]] * ''[[In Search of Happiness]]'', documentary film frae 2005 * ''[[L'Chayim, Comrade Stalin!]]'', documentary film frae 2002 * [[Boris Kaufman (rabbi)|Boris Kaufman]] * [[Pale of Settlement]] * [[Proposals for a Jewish state]] == References == === Notes === {{Notelist}} === Citations === {{Reflist}} === Soorces === * {{RussiaBasicLawRef|yev}} * {{Cite book |last1=Doder |first1=Dusko |url=https://archive.org/details/gorbachevheretic00dode/ |title=Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin |last2=Branson |first2=Louise |publisher=Futura |year=1990 |isbn=978-0708849408 |location=London}} == For mair readin == * [[American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan]], ''Birobidjan: The Jewish Autonomous Territory in the USSR.'' New York: American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan, 1936. * Melech Epstein, ''The Jew and Communism: The Story of Early Communist Victories and Ultimate Defeats in the Jewish Community, USA, 1919–1941.'' New York: Trade Union Sponsoring Committee, 1959. * Henry Frankel, ''The Jews in the Soviet Union and Birobidjan.'' New York: American Birobidjan Committee, 1946. * Ber Boris Kotlerman and Shmuel Yavin, ''Bauhaus in Birobidzhan.'' Tel Aviv: Bauhaus Center, 2009. * Nora Levin, ''The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival: Volume 1.'' New York: New York University Press, 1988. * James N. Rosenberg, ''How the Back-to-the-Soil Movement Began: Two Years of Blazing the New Jewish "Covered Wagon" Trail Across the Russian Prairies.'' Philadelphia: United Jewish Campaign, 1925. * Anna Shternshis, ''Soviet and Kosher: Jewish Popular Culture in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939.'' Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006. == Ootby airtins == {{Commons category|Jewish Autonomous Oblast}} * [http://www.eao.ru/en/ Official wabsteid o the Jewish Autonomous Oblast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114120929/http://eao.ru/en/ |date=January 14, 2017 }} * [http://www.swarthmore.edu/Home/News/biro/ ''Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928–1996''] * [https://archive.org/details/TheJewishAutonomousRegion A Soviet pamphlet frae 1939 anent the JAO] * [https://www.sovietzion.com/ ''SOVIET ZION: The New Musical Drama'' — a modren opera set in the Jewish Autonomous Region] * [http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfdigcol/nlrph.html#j_eng ''Meeting of the Frontiers: The Birobidzhan Album'' (photographs o Birobidzhan frae the 1920s an 1930s)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224221634/http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfdigcol/nlrph.html#j_eng |date=February 24, 2021 }} {{Jewish Autonomous Oblast}} {{Subdiveesions o Roushie}} {{Russian Far East}} {{Autonomous Oblasts of the Soviet Union}} {{Authority control}} {{Jews in the Soviet Union}} [[Category:Jewish Autonomous Oblast| ]] [[Category:Jewish Roushie an Soviet history]] [[Category:Manchurie]] [[Category:Roushie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Yiddish cultur]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1934]] 5ae35ntg619v8rkfjlz6rkti4d6qpas Ulan-Ude 0 15984 919369 833391 2026-07-15T16:00:40Z Summershell67 134350 /* */ 919369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Russian city |en_name=Ulan-Ude |ru_name=Улан-Удэ |loc_name1=Улаан-Үдэ |loc_lang1=Buryat |image_skyline=Ulan-Ude Burg.JPG |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|51|50|N|107|36|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Gerb u u.jpg |coa_caption= |image_flag=Флаг города Улан-Удэ.svg |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday=June&nbsp;12 |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=[[Buryatie]] |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of=May 2010 |adm_city_jur=[[ceety o federal subject significance|ceety o republic significance]] o Ulan-Ude |adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref28">Resolution #431</ref> |capital_of=Republic of Buryatia |capital_of_ref= |adm_ctr_of=ceety o republic significance o Ulan-Ude |adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref28" /> |inhabloc_cat=Ceety |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=October 2011 |urban_okrug_jur=Ulan-Ude Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref405">Law #985-III</ref> |mun_admctr_of=Ulan-Ude Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref405" /> |leader_title=Mayor |leader_title_ref= |leader_name=Gennady Aydayev |leader_name_ref= |representative_body=[[Ulan-Ude Ceety Cooncil o Deputies|Ceety Cooncil o Deputies]] |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=404426 |pop_2010census_rank=45t |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census"/> |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1666 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1775 |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1=Udinsk |prev_name1_date=1783 |prev_name1_ref= |prev_name2=Verkhneudinsk |prev_name2_date=27 Julie 1934 |prev_name2_ref= |prev_name3= |prev_name3_date= |prev_name3_ref= |postal_codes=670000 |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=301 |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://www.administration.u-ude.ru/ |website_ref= |commonscat=Ulan-Ude |date=April 2010 }} '''Ulan-Ude''' ({{lang-ru|Ула́н-Удэ́}}; {{lang-bxr|Улаан-Үдэ}}, ''Ulaan-Üde'') is the caipital [[types o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] o the Republic o [[Buryatie]], [[Roushie]] an is locatit aboot 100 kilometres (62&nbsp;mi) sootheast o [[Loch Baikal]] on the [[Uda River, Buryatie|Uda River]] at its [[confluence]] wi the [[Selenga River|Selenga]]. Accordin tae the [[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]], 404,426 fowk lived in Ulan-Ude;<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> up frae 359,391 recordit in the [[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]],<ref name="2002Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> makin the ceety the third lairgest in eastren [[Siberie]] bi population. ==Names== Ulan-Ude wis first cried '''Udinskoye''' ({{lang|ru|У́динское}}) for its location on the [[Uda River (Buryatie)|Uda River]]. Frae aroond 1735, the settlement wis cried '''Udinsk''' ({{lang|ru|У́динск}}) an wis grantit toun status unner that name in 1775. The name wis chynged tae '''Verkhneudinsk''', literally "Upper Udinsk" ({{lang|ru|Верхнеу́динск}}), in 1783 tae differentiate it frae [[Nizhneudinsk]] ("Lawer Udinsk") lyin on a different [[Uda River (Irkutsk)|Uda River]] near [[Irkutsk]] which gained toun status that year. The "upper" an "lawer" refer tae positions o the twa ceeties relative tae ilk ither, no the location o the ceeties on their respective Uda rivers. Verkhneudinsk lies at the mouth o its Uda, i.e. the lawer end, while Nizhneudinsk is alang the middle stretch o its Uda. The current name wis gien tae the ceety in 1934 an means "[[Reid#Poleetical movements|reid]] [[Uda River (Buryatie)|Uda]]" or "reid gate" in Buryat reflectin the [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|communist]] ideology o the [[Soviet Union]] tae which it belanged. ==Internaitional relations== {{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Ulan-Ude is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Anyang, Gyeonggi-do|Anyang]], [[Sooth Korea]]. *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Berkeley, Californie|Berkeley]], [[Unitit States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/NIS/Russia/index|title=Online Directory: Russian Federation, Eurasia|publisher=Sister Cities International|accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref> *{{flagicon|China}} [[Changchun]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://2007.changchun.gov.cn/yingwenban/yingwen_detail.jsp?ID=120501000000000000,19 |title=Official English website of Changchun, China |access-date=2011-03-01 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707031810/http://2007.changchun.gov.cn/yingwenban/yingwen_detail.jsp?ID=120501000000000000,19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Darkhan (ceety)|Darkhan]], [[Mongolie]]. *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Erdenet]], [[Mongolie]]. *{{flagicon|China}} [[Hohhot]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.nmgnews.com.cn/system/2008/10/06/010119457.shtml |title=Sister cities-英文网 |publisher=Eng.nmgnews.com.cn |date= |accessdate=2012-10-31 |archive-date=2013-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514081149/http://eng.nmgnews.com.cn/system/2008/10/06/010119457.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kazan]], [[Roushie]].<ref>[http://www.kazan1000.ru/rus/inter/pobrat.htm Kazan celebrates its 1000 year anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213082817/http://www.kazan1000.ru/rus/inter/pobrat.htm |date=2013-12-13 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|China}} [[Manchuria]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090327125931/http://www.asdg.ru/asdghtml/iam/2005/17/003.doc Информация Администрации г. Улан-Удэ о развитии международных и межрегиональных связей за 2004 г.]</ref> *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Mannheim]], [[Germany]].<ref name="Ulan Ude looking for sister cities">[http://www.infpol.ru/newspaper/number.php?ELEMENT_ID=14421 Ulan Ude looking for sister cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511040946/http://www.infpol.ru/newspaper/number.php?ELEMENT_ID=14421 |date=2015-05-11 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Rumoi, Hokkaido|Rumoi]], [[Japan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050307155915/http://gsti.miis.edu/CEAS-PUB/2003_Aka-Vass.pdf The Russian presence in Japan]</ref> *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic o Cheenae|Taiwan]].<ref>[http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc Sister cities list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023801/http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc |date=2014-04-10 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Ulan Bator]], [[Mongolie]].<ref name="Ulan Ude looking for sister cities"/> *{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Yalta]], [[Ukraine]].<ref>[http://www.regnum.ru/news/1040903.html Yalta and Ulan Ude become sister cities]</ref> *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Yamagata, Yamagata|Yamagata]], [[Japan]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Ulan-Ude| ]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1666]] {{Stub/Roushie}} kyfy8qtbd0m932uis8pdirp34rzozjw Gullspång Municipality 0 33981 919425 867223 2026-07-16T09:13:54Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Needs Mair Soorces}}{{Infobox municipality <!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Gullspångs kommun | native_name = <!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Gullspång vapen2.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Gullspång Municipality in Västra Götaland County.png | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- Sweden --> | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Västra Götaland Coonty]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | seat_type = [[Caipital ceety|Seat]] | seat = [[Gullspång]] an [[Hova, Swaden|Hova]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | area_total_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Gullspång Municipality}} | area_land_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Gullspång Municipality}} | area_water_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Gullspång Municipality}} | area_water_percent = | area_note = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}. | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | population_total = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Gullspång Municipality}} | population_as_of = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Västergötland]] an [[Värmland]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 1447 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Swaden|Postal code]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]] | website = [http://www.gullspang.se www.gullspang.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = Densitie is calculatit uisin land aurie anerlie. }} '''Gullspång Municipality''' (''Gullspångs kommun'') is a [[municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Västra Götaland Coonty]] in wastren [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the touns o [[Gullspång]] an [[Hova, Swaden|Hova]]. The present municipality wis formit through the amalgamation of the umwhile entities o Amnehärad, Hova an pairt o Visnum. The name wis taken frae the [[urban auries in Swaden|locality]] [[Gullspång]].{{Citation needed}} ==Geography== Gullspång Municipality borders tae [[Mariestad Municipality]] an [[Töreboda Municipality]] in [[Västra Götaland Coonty]] It east-wairds borders tae [[Laxå Municipality]] in [[Örebro Coonty]] an north-wairds tae [[Kristinehamn Municipality]] in [[Värmland Coonty]]. The soothren pairt o the municipality contains the northren pairt o [[Leet o Swadish naitional pairks|Swadish naitional pairk]] [[Tiveden]]. ==Localities== *[[Gullspång]] *[[Gårdsjö]] *[[Hova, Sweden|Hova]] *[[Otterbäcken]] *[[Skagervik]] The twa main touns are Hova an Gullspång. The central admeenistration is placit in Hova, thus constitutin the municipal seat, but there are offices in Gullspång an aw. Acause o the rivalry atween Gullspång an Hova the municipality prefers tae caw them the "twa main localities" (''"huvudtätorter"'').{{Citation needed}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.gullspang.se/ Gullspång Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920223220/http://www.gullspang.se/ |date=2018-09-20 }} - Offeecial steid {{Västra Götaland Coonty}} {{Localities in Gullspång Municipality}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gullspang Municipality}} [[Category:Municipalities o Västra Götaland Coonty]] [[Category:Skaraborg]] je76jj67fp6g6bl5h7xc0uxprmvlcy3 Cárdenas, Cuba 0 40906 919413 825080 2026-07-16T05:05:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Ceety o Cárdenas |other_name = <small>(''Calle Calzada'')</small> |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Cuba|Municipality]] |motto = Primus In Cuba <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Cardenas-street.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Street in Cárdenas |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Cuba |pushpin_label_position = none |pushpin_map_caption = Location o Cárdenas in [[Cuba]] |pushpin_mapsize = 280 <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Cuba}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Cuba|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Matanzas Province|Matanzas-MTZ]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 1828<ref name=guije/> |established_title2 = Established |established_date2 = 1859 |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes =<ref name=statoids/> |area_total_km2 = 566 |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2007 |population_footnotes = <ref name=atenas/> |population_note = |population_total = 153087 |population_density_km2 = 182.1 |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]] |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|23|02|34|N|81|12|13|W|region:CU|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 10 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = +53 '''45''' + number dial |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} <!--Infobox ends--> '''Cárdenas''' (''Calle Calzada Cárdenas'') is a municipality an ceety in the [[Matanzas Province]] o [[Cuba]], aboot {{convert|175|km|mi|abbr=on}} east o [[Havana]]. ==Geography== Cárdenas is a maritime port toun on the level an somewha mairshy shore o a spacious bay o the northren coast o the island ([[Bay o Cárdenas]]), sheltered bi a lang promontory ([[Hicacos peninsula]]). The ceety lees atween the sea an hills. A lairge quantity o asphalt haes been taken frae the bed o the harbour. A flow o fresh watter frae the bed o the harbour is anither peculiar featur; it presumably comes frae the ootlets o subterranean rivers. Thare are maistly narrae streets, various squares (includin the Plaza de Colón, wi a bronze statue o [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] gien tae the ceety bi Queen [[Isabella II o Spain|Isabella II.]] an erectit in 1862) an substantial business biggins.<ref>[http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Municipios/MunicipioCardenas.htm Cardenas Ciudad Bandera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516052034/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Municipios/MunicipioCardenas.htm |date=2007-05-16 }} (Spanish)</ref> The municipality is dividit intae the [[barrio]]s o Cantel, Fundición, Guásimas, Marina, Méndez Capote, Pueblo Nuevo an Versalles.<ref name=guije>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guije.com/pueblo/municipios/mcardenas/index.htm|title=Cárdenas|author=Guije.com|accessdate=2007-10-07}} {{Es icon}}</ref> ==History== Cárdenas wis foondit in 1828,<ref name=guije/> an in 1861 awready haed 12,910 indwallers. The completion o the [[railwey]] in 1841 led tae further development. In 1850 General [[Narciso López]] laundit here on a filibusterin expedeetion, an held the toun for a few oors, abandonin it when he saw that the fowk wad no rise tae support him in his efforts tae secur Cuban unthirldom. In Mey 1898, durin the [[Spaingie–American War]], three notable [[Battle o Cárdenas|battles]] wur focht at Cardenas. In the early 20t Century, Cárdenas wis ane o the main succar-exportin touns o Cuba. Bi 1907 the population wis 24,280. The shallowness o the harbour necessitatit lichterage an repeatit loadin o cargoes. The surroondin region is fermit for its fertility. The Cuban Banner wis first raised ower Cuban soil in this ance picturesque an historic ceety o straicht an narrae streets, horse-drawn carriages, industrie an "cangrejos" ([[Callinectes sapidus|blue crab]]s). Cárdenas is the hame o [[Elián González affair|Elián González]], a bairn uised in a poleetical dispute atween Cuba an the Unitit States. ==Demografics== In 2007, the municipality o Cárdenas haed a population o 103,087.<ref name=atenas>{{Cite web| url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm| title=2007 Population trends, by Province and Municipality| author=Atenas.cu| year=2004| accessdate=2007-10-07| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm| archivedate=2007-09-27| url-status=dead}} {{Es icon}}</ref> Wi a tot auie o {{convert|566|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},<ref name=statoids>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ycu.html|title=Municipios of Cuba|author=Statoids| year=2003| month=July| accessdate=2007-10-07}}</ref> it haes a population densitie o {{convert|182.1|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}. Cardenas experiences a population growthe o 0.24% a year. ==References== <div class="references-small"><references/> *{{1911}} </div> ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Cardenas}} *[http://delafe.com/cardenas/homee.htm Cardenas, Cuba Hame Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221024148/http://www.delafe.com/cardenas/homee.htm |date=2012-12-21 }} *[http://www.yanet.it Càrdenas, Cuba Yanet Hame Page] {{Geographic location | Centre = Cárdenas | North = [[Bay o Cárdenas]] | Northeast = [[Martí, Cuba|Martí]] | East = [[Máximo Gómez, Cuba|Máximo Gómez]] | Southeast = [[Perico, Cuba|Perico]] | South = [[Jovellanos]] | Southwest = [[Limonar]] | West = [[Matanzas]] | Northwest = [[Varadero]] | image = Flag of Cuba.svg }} {{Municipalities in Matanzas}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cardenas, Cuba}} [[Category:Populatit places in Matanzas Province]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1828]] dm27npibv30al8re1lyai6z0q5oddsq Forshaga Municipality 0 41031 919419 641717 2026-07-16T07:22:28Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox municipality <!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Forshaga Municipality | native_name = Forshaga kommun<!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Forshaga vapen.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Forshaga Municipality in Värmland County.png | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- Sweden --> | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Värmland Coonty]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | seat_type = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]] | seat = [[Forshaga]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | area_total_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Forshaga Municipality}} | area_land_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Forshaga Municipality}} | area_water_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Forshaga Municipality}} | area_water_percent = | area_note = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}. | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | population_total = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Forshaga Municipality}} | population_as_of = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Värmland]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 1763 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]] | website = [http://www.forshaga.se www.forshaga.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Forshaga Municipality''' (''Forshaga kommun'') is a [[municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Värmland Coonty]] in wast central [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the toun o [[Forshaga]]. The first municipality namit Forshaga wis a mercat toun (''[[köping]]'') which wis detached frae Grava in 1944. The local govrenment reform o the 1970s made Forshaga a unitary municipality in 1971 an in 1974 Ullerud wis addit tae it. Forshaga wis kent in the 14t century as a location for [[salmon]] [[fishin]] in the [[river]] [[Klarälven]]. Salmons wur uised baith locally an transportit tae [[monastery|monasteries]] in soothren Swaden. Forshaga is still kintra for its rich fishin watters, which attract hobby sport fishers frae aw ower the kintra. ==Localities== *[[Forshaga]] (seat) *[[Deje]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.forshaga.se Forshaga Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427053409/http://www.forshaga.se/ |date=2021-04-27 }} - Offeecial steid {{Värmland Coonty}} {{Localities in Forshaga Municipality}} [[Category:Municipalities o Värmland Coonty]] kiuf1cxi8rz87sjkr68owew4r1c7xs4 Hagfors Municipality 0 41033 919426 826393 2026-07-16T09:21:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox municipality <!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Hagfors Municipality | native_name = Hagfors kommun<!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Hagfors vapen.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Hagfors Municipality in Värmland County.png | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- Sweden --> | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Värmland Coonty]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | seat_type = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]] | seat = [[Hagfors]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | area_total_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Hagfors Municipality}} | area_land_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Hagfors Municipality}} | area_water_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Hagfors Municipality}} | area_water_percent = | area_note = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}. | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | population_total = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Hagfors Municipality}} | population_as_of = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Värmland]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 1783 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]] | website = [http://www.hagfors.se www.hagfors.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Hagfors Municipality''' (''Hagfors kommun'') is a [[municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Värmland Coonty]] in wast central [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the [[stad (Swaden)|ceety]] o [[Hagfors]]. The present municipality wis creatit in 1974, when the Ceety o Hagfors (itsel institutit as a municipal entity in 1950 as ane o the last ceeties in Swaden) wis amalgamatit wi three rural municipalities. Being spairsely populatit, Hagfors Municipality haes natural auries that affer guid [[fishin]], [[canoein]] an wild life. ==Localities== *[[Bergsäng]] *[[Edebäck]] *[[Ekshärad]] *[[Geijersholm]] *[[Hagfors]] (seat) *[[Mjönäs]] *[[Råda]] *[[Sunnemo]] *[[Uddeholm]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.hagfors.se Hagfors Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122093853/http://www.hagfors.se/ |date=2009-01-22 }} - Offeecial steid *[http://www.Uddeholm-Tooling.com Uddeholm Tooling AB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704174005/http://www.uddeholm-tooling.com/ |date=2008-07-04 }} {{Värmland Coonty}} {{Localities in Hagfors Municipality}} [[Category:Municipalities o Värmland Coonty]] o2wfhy788b8plhdf56iyk5cjtdncjf2 Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide 0 44574 919452 905830 2026-07-16T11:51:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} '''Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide''' ('''JCAG''') ({{lang-hy|Հայկական Ցեղասպանութեան Արդարութեան Մարտիկներ, ՀՑԱՄ}}) wis a militant Armenie organisation that operatit in various kintras frae 1975 tae 1987. It socht the recognition o the [[Armenie Genocide]] bi the Republic o [[Turkey]] an the establishment o an unthirlt [[Armenie]] (includin the eastren pairt o Turkey), tae which end it conductit a campaign o terrorist attacks that targetit representatives o the Turkis Republic (mainly Turkis diplomats) aroond the warld.<ref>Starving Armenians: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After - Page 166 by Merrill D. Peterson</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=RIwBFpBi5noC&pg=PA68&dq=%C4%B0smail+Erez+JCAG&hl=en&ei=mN6kTLKPM9Ol4QaAjqTvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%C4%B0smail%20Erez%20JCAG&f=false Barry Rubin, Barry M. Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin, ''"Chronologies of modern terrorism''], M.E. Sharpe, 2008, p. 68</ref> ==Affiliation wi Armenie Revolutionar Federation== The JCAG wis the militar branch o [[Armenie Revolutionar Federation]].<ref>Francis P. Hyland, ''Armenian Terrorism: the Past, the Present, the Prospects'', Boulder-San Francisco-Oxford: Westview Press, 1991, pp. 61-62; Yves Ternon, ''La Cause arménienne'', Paris: Le Seuil, 1983, p. 218; ''The Armenian Reporter'', January 19, 1984, p. 1.</ref> The fact wis established as early as Mey 1976, when a member o JCAG wis killed bi his proper bomb in the heidquarter o ARF in [[Paris]].<ref>Yves Ternon, p. 221</ref> It wis confirmit when French poleetical scientist Gaïdz Minassian wis alloued tae consult the archives o ARF for his doctoral thesis.<ref>Gaïdz Minassian, ''Guerre et terrorisme arméniens'', Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 2002, pp. 32-34 and 106-109.</ref> In several occasions, the offeecial newspapers o ARF, in USA, Fraunce an Lebanon juistifee'd the "airmit struggle"<ref>''Asbarez'', April 24, May 1st and 22, 1973; ''Haïastan'', July 1981 and special issue on Sassounian affair, February 1984; ''The Armenian Weekly'', August 21, September 17, December 10 and 24, 1983, January 14 and 28, 1984 and December 31, 1986.</ref> an publisht offeecial communiqués o JCAG.<ref>''Haïastan'', February and April–May, 1983</ref> The legal branches o ARF fundraised tae pey the lawyer costs o arrestit JCAG members. The maist famous case is [[Harry Sassounian]], sentencit tae life for the assassination o Turkis general consul in [[Los Angeles]].<ref>Michael M. Gunter, ''"Pursuing the Just Cause of their People". A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism'', Westport-New York-London, Greenwood Press, 1986, pp. 70 and 74; [http://asbarez.com/46446/more-than-70-000-raised-for-hampig-sassounian-defense-effort/ "More Than $70 000 Raised for Hampig Sassounian Defense Effort"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723105828/http://asbarez.com/46446/more-than-70-000-raised-for-hampig-sassounian-defense-effort/ |date=2011-07-23 }}, ''Asbarez'', 25 février 2002.</ref> Accordin tae Dashnak newspaper ''Asbarez'' (15 October 1983), several dozens o thoosans o Armenies (ARF sympathisers an militants) pairticipatit tae the Sassounian solidarity groups. French ARF organisit a demonstration in front o US consulate in [[Lyon]], in protestation against Sassounian's arrest.<ref>« Soutien à Sassounian (Lyon) », ''Haïastan'' ([[Paris]]), juin 1982, p. 6.</ref> ARF supportit Harutyun Krikor Levonian an Alexander Elbekyan an aw, sentencit tae twinty years in preeson for the [[:en:assassination of Galip Balkar|assassination o Galip Balkar]], Turkis ambassador in [[Belgrade]], baith bi money an statements o support;<ref>''Haïastan'', June 1983, p. 6 (editorial); ''The Armenian Weekly'', October 1st, 1983, p. 1; "ANC east branches send protest telegrams to Belgrad", ''The Armenian Weekly'', January 14, 1984, p. 1.</ref> an Max Hraïr Kilndjian, sentencit tae twa years o jyle as an accessory in the attempt o murther against Turkis ambassador in [[Swisserland]].<ref>Yves Ternon, pp. 223-224.</ref> In 1982, an attempt tae bomb the biggin o Turkis consulate in Philadelphia wis stoppit juist in richt time bi the [[FBI]]; the leader o the group, Vicken Hovsepian, is sentencit tae 6 years o jyle, a sentence confirmit in appeal.<ref>"Court Finds Four Armenian Youth Guifly of '82 Attempt on Consulate", ''The Armenian Reporter'', October 18, 1984; [http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/841/841.F2d.959.85-5037-5039.html Verdict of appeal court] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310145241/http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/841/841.F2d.959.85-5037-5039.html |date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> Hovsepian is nou the main leader o ARF in USA. In Januar 2001, anither leader o American ARF, Mourad Topalian, wis sentencit tae 37 month o jyle for illegal storin o war wappens an explosives, in the benefice o JCAG.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a1c_5APvto Armenian Terrorists at Work in USA], NBC, 2005 ; http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/010205/archive_005996.htm</ref> JCAG's activities wur concentratit in [[Europe]]an an [[North Americae|North American]] kintras targetin [[Turkey|Turkis]] interests.<ref>Geopolitical and -Economic Changes in the Balkan Countries - Page 75 by Nicholas V. Gianaris</ref> == Ither names == In 1983, the JCAG teuk the name of "[[Armenie Revolutionar Airmy]] (ARA)"<ref>Michael M. Gunter, pp. 56-61; Francis P. Hyland, p. 62; Gaïdz Minassian, p. 92; [http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/Results.aspx?perpetrator=3292 Global Terrorism Database].</ref> Lik afore, ARF-affiliatit press published ARA communiqués <ref>''The Armenian Weekly'', July 14, October 12 and November 19, 1984.</ref> as well as airticles supportin its aims.<ref>Aram Khaligian, “The Necessities of Violence and National Culture in the Liberation Struggle,” ''The Armenian Weekly'', 31 December 1986, p. 15; ''Haïastan'', April and December 1985, December 1986.</ref> The ARF organises ivery year ceremonies in honour o the five ARA members who attacked the Turkis embassy in Portugal,<ref>Gaïdz Minassian, op. cit., p. 93.</ref> especially in [[Glendale Californie|Glendale]], [[Los Angeles]], in [[New Jersey]], [[Beirut]], [[Paris]] an [[Décines-Charpieu]].<ref>''The Armenian Weekly'', February 6, 1984, pp. 6-7 ; [http://asbarez.com/50530/lisbon-5-commemoration-and-ceremony-for-the-repose-of-souls-held-in-lebanon/ "Lisbon 5 Commemoration and Ceremony for the Repose of Souls Held in Lebanon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723105847/http://asbarez.com/50530/lisbon-5-commemoration-and-ceremony-for-the-repose-of-souls-held-in-lebanon/ |date=2011-07-23 }}, ''Asbarez'', July 27, 2004 ; [http://asbarez.com/57885/sacrifice-of-lisbon-5-remembered-at-glendales-saint-mary-church/ "Sacrifice of Lisbon 5 Remembered at Glendale’s Saint Mary Church"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723105903/http://asbarez.com/57885/sacrifice-of-lisbon-5-remembered-at-glendales-saint-mary-church/ |date=2011-07-23 }}, ''Asbarez'', July 27, 2008 ; [http://asbarez.com/57935/community-remembers-sacrifice-of-lisbon-5/ "Community Remembers Sacrifice of Lisbon 5"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723105921/http://asbarez.com/57935/community-remembers-sacrifice-of-lisbon-5/ |date=2011-07-23 }}, ''Asbarez'', August 1st, 2008 ; http://www.fra-france.com/index.php?page=article&id=55 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165802/http://www.fra-france.com/index.php?page=article&id=55 |date=2016-03-03 }} ; http://www.fra-france.com/index.php?page=article&id=36 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162205/http://www.fra-france.com/index.php?page=article&id=36 |date=2015-04-02 }} ; http://www.france-armenie.fr/agenda/agenda07b-2008.pdf {{Webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110217053541/http://www.france-armenie.fr/agenda/agenda07b-2008.pdf |date=2011-02-17 }}</ref> Efter the three ARA perpetrators o [[:en:1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa|attack against Turkis embassy in Ottawa]] wur sentencit tae life wi nae possibility o parole for 25 years, ARF slammit the verdict.<ref>''Haïastan'', December 1986.</ref> Unner the name o "Greek-Bulgarie-Armenie Front", the JCAG perpetratit the [[:en:Melbourne Turkish consulate bombing|bombin o Melbourne's Turkis consulate]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198611230005 |title=Global Terrorism Database |access-date=2013-01-17 |archive-date=2014-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217222632/http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198611230005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (the Dashnak Levon Demirian wis sentenced for this crime an served 10 years in prison<ref>[http://www.police.vic.gov.au/retrievemedia.asp?Media_ID=13483 ''Police Life Magazine''], December 2006.</ref>) an the bombin o Brisbane's mail sortin facility, on 19 Januar 1987. == Attacks == This is a leet o attacks bi the Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide. * 22 October 1975, [[Vienna]]: Turkis Ambassador tae [[Austrick]], [[Daniş Tunalıgil]], wis assassinatit in his office.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197510220001 Global Terrorism Database]; Gaïdz Minassian, ''Guerre et terrorisme arméniens'', Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002, p. 44; Michael M. Gunter, ''"Pursuing the Just Cause of their People. A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism'', Westport-New York-London, Greenwood Press, 1986, p. 68.</ref> * 24 October 1975, [[Paris]]: Turkis Ambassador tae [[Fraunce]], [[İsmail Erez]], wis assassinatit in [[Paris]], Fraunce. His caur's driver Talip Yener wis killed in the attack an aw.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197510220001 Global Terrorism Database]; Gaïdz Minassian, ibid.; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.</ref> * 28 Mey 1976, [[Zurich]], [[Swisserland]]: Twa bombs caused extensive damage tae the office o Garanti Bank an o Labor Attaché o Turkis embassy.<ref>''Armenian Terrorism: the Past, the Present, the Prospects'', Boulder-San Francisco-Oxford: Westview Press, 1991, p. 111; [[Assembly of Turkish American Associations]], ''[http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG terrorist Hampig Sassounian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003311/http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf |date=2013-05-14 }}'', 2010, pp. 36-37.</ref> *29 Mey 1977, [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]: a dooble bombin in railwey station an airport killed five bodies an woondit 64.<ref>Yves Ternon, ''La Cause arménienne'', Paris: Le Seuil, 1983, p. 221 ; Armand Gaspard, ''Le Combat arménien'', Lausanne: L’Âge d’homme, 1984, p. 75.</ref> * 9 Juin 1977, [[Roum|Roma]]: Turkey's [[Holy See|Vatican]] Ambassador, [[Taha Carım]], wis assassinatit in [[Roum]], [[Italy]].<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197706090001 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.</ref> * 2 Juin 1978, [[Madrid]]: Turkis Ambassador tae [[Spain]] [[Zeki Kuneralp]]'s caur wis attacked in [[Madrid]], Spain. His wife Necla, retired Turkis Ambassador [[Beşir Balcıoğlu]], an thair driver, Antonio Torres, wur killed. Kuneralp wis nae in the car.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197806020002 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.</ref> Christopher Walker wrote that "as with all terrorism, often murdered shockingly inappropriate people, such as the wife of Zeki Kuneralp, whose family had been instrumental in seeking rapprochement between the different nationalities of post-Ottoman Turkey".<ref>''Armenia. The Survival of a Nation'', London-New York: Routledge, 1990, p. 380</ref> * 12 October 1979, [[The Hague]]: [[Ahmet Benler]], son o the Turkis Ambassador tae the [[Netherlands]] [[Özdemir Benler]] wis assassinatit in [[the Hague]], [[Netherlands]].<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197910120003 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.</ref> Responsibility for the attack wis an aa claimed at the same time bi the [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia|ASALA]]. * 22 Dizember 1979, Paris: Turkis [[attaché]] for tourism in [[Fraunce]], [[Yılmaz Çolpan]], wis assassinatit in [[Paris]], Fraunce.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197912220006 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.</ref> *Januar 20, 1980, Madrid, Spain: several bomb exploded in Madrid airport, injuring twal fowks.<ref>Francis P. Hyland, p. 153.</ref> * 6 Februar 1980: Turkis Ambassador tae [[Swisserland]] [[Doğan Türkmen]] wis attacked in [[Bern]], Swisserland. Türkmen escapit wi minor woonds.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198002060004 Global Terrorism Database]</ref> Max Hraïr Kilndjian wis sentenced as an accessory tae twa years of jyle bi the tribunal of [[Aix-en-Provence]].<ref>Comité de soutien à Max Kilndjian, ''Les Arméniens en cour d'assises. Terroristes ou résistants ?'', Marseille: Parenthèse, 1982</ref> *17 Aprile 1980, Roma, Italy: JCAG gunmen opened fire on the Turkis Ambassador tae the Holy See, Vecdi Turel, seriously woondin him, an slichtly injurin his bodyguard, Tahsin Guvenc.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198004170023 Global Terrorism Database]</ref> *6 October 1980, USA: Harut Sassounian attemptit tae kill the Turkis general consul, Kemal Arikan. Sassounian wis sentencit tae 6 years o jyle; his brither Hampig "Harry" Sassounian assassinatit Kemal Arikan in 1982.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198010060010 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, p. 82</ref> *12 October 1980, [[New York]], USA: A bomb plantit unner a stolen automobile pairkit in front o the Turkish Center in [[Unitit Naitions Plaza]] explodit at 4:50 p.m., minutes afore hunders o employees an tourists exit the Unitit Naitions biggin which closes at 5 p.m. The bomb, which haes the force o nine sticks o dynamite, demolished the automobile, hurlin the pairts o the vehicle in aw directions; aw that remained o the vehicle is the rear bumper. The flyin pieces o metal an gless as well as flames frae the blast injured five Americans. The explosion destroyed a vehicle pairkit athort the street, an causes significant damage tae the 11-story Turkis Center, an blows oot the windaes o nearbi biggins, includin B'nai B'rith, Chase Manhattan Bank, the African American Center, a traivel agency an numerous apairtment complexes. Assistant New York Ceety Polis Chief, Milton Schwartz, expressed “It is absolutely lucky that more people weren’t injured.” U.S. Ambassador tae the Unitit Naitions, Donald McHenry, condemned the attacks as “savage an calculatit terrorism.” New York Ceety Mayor Edward Koch expressed that the incident “demonstrates forcefully that all terrorism, no matter what form it takes, and no matter against whom it is directed, must be condemned and punished.”<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198010120009 Global Terrorism Database] [[Assembly of Turkish American Associations]], ''[Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG terrorist Hampig Sassounian http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003311/http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf |date=2013-05-14 }}]'', 2010, pp. 31-32.</ref> *12 October 1980, Los Angeles: the offices o Imperial Traivel, a traivel agency awned bi a Turkis American, Ali Ondemir, wur pairtially destroyed bi a bomb; a tourist wis woondit.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198010120008 Global Terrorism Database] [[Assembly of Turkish American Associations]], ''[Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG terrorist Hampig Sassounian http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003311/http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf |date=2013-05-14 }}]'', 2010, p. 31.</ref> * 27 Dizember 1980, [[Sydney]], [[Australie]]. Twa gunmen on a motorcycle shot an killed the Turkis consul-general an his bodyguard. The consul, Sarik Ariyak, haed receivit a daith threat that day, an teuk it seriously enough tae swap caurs wi his bodyguard. The motorcyclists opened fire on the bodyguard, then realizin thay haed nae hit thair intendit target, caught up wi Mr. Ariyak's fleein caur an fired several shots throu the windshield, killin him instantly. No ane wis apprehendit. In thair phone caw tae the newspaper, the assassins said thay wad continue tae attack Turkis diplomats an Turkis institutions.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198012170005 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, p. 69.</ref> * 3 Juin 1981, [[Orange, Californie|Orange]], USA: a bomb explodit in the Orange Coonty Convention Center in Anaheim, the scheduled steid o a Turkis fowk dance an muisic shaw, causin extensive damage. Twa days afore, bomb threats provokit cancellation o anither Turkis shaw, in [[San Francisco]].<ref>Francis P. Hyland, pp. 164-165; [[Assembly of Turkish American Associations]], ''[Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG terrorist Hampig Sassounian http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003311/http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf |date=2013-05-14 }}]'', pp. 36-37; Michael M. Gunter, p. 3.</ref> *20 November 1981, Los Angeles: a bomb caused extensive damage whaur the Turkis consulate o LA is locatit, 8730 Wilshire Blvd, [[Beverly Hills]].<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198111200002 Global Terrorism Database]</ref> Serge Samionian, Secretar o the Los Angeles Chapter o the [[Armenian National Committee of America]], submittit a letter tae [[Los Angeles World Affairs Council]] (LAWAC), statin “2000 Armenies are expectit tae turn oot for the demonstration against the Ambassador” o Turkey an requestin that the Ambassador's speech be canceled “in the interest o public safety.”.<ref>[[Assembly of Turkish American Associations]], ''[Report on Armenian Terrorism and JCAG terrorist Hampig Sassounian http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514003311/http://www.ataa.org/reference/Supporting_Documents_Hampig_Sassounian.pdf |date=2013-05-14 }}]'', p. 44.</ref> In vain. * 28 Januar 1982, USA: Turkis consul general Kemal Arıkan wis killed in his caur as he sat at a stoplicht in [[Los Angeles]]. Fower fowk wur taken intae custody; [[Harry Sassounian]], 19 at the time o the killin, wis later convictit o first degree murther. The jury foond that Sassounian killed Arikan "acause o his naitionality", leadin tae a sentencin o life in preeson athoot possibility o [[parole]].<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9904E0D61639F935A25755C0A962948260]; Michael M. Gunter, p. 69</ref> In 2002, the sentence wis changed in life wi no possibility of parole during 25 years, but Sassounian's demand of parole war rejected in 2006 an 2010<ref>[http://www.ataa.org/press/ATAASuccessfullyOpposesParoleforArmenianTerrorist_prl_080610.html ATAA Assures California Prison Parole Board Denies Parole to Armenian Terrorist Sassounian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917142038/http://ataa.org/press/ATAASuccessfullyOpposesParoleforArmenianTerrorist_prl_080610.html |date=2010-09-17 }}, August 6, 2010.</ref> An accomplice, believit tae be Krikor (Koko) Saliba, is still at lairge.<ref>Francis P. Hyland, pp. 61-62 pp. 68 and 154; Michael M. Gunter, p. 82.</ref> *4 Mey 1982: New England's honorary Turkis consul general in Somerville, Massachusetts, [[:en:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz|Orhan Gündüz]], whose import shop in Cambridge wis the target o a previous attack, wis shot bi a man dressed in a jogger's ootfit, as he sat in his caur.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198205040007 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.; Francis P. Hyland, p. 193.</ref> * 27 Juin 1982: Turkis admeenistrative attaché, [[Erkut Akbay]] in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], [[Assassination of Erkut Akbay|wis assassinatit]] ootside his hame on the ootskirts o the ceety as he returned hame for lunch.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E4DB1F38F93BA35755C0A964948260 Turkish Envoy in Lisbon Is Killed by Gunman]</ref> His wife, Nadide Akbay, wis shot in the heid as she sat beside him. Nadide Akbay dee'd efter aicht months in coma on 11 Januar 1983.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E6DA1338F932A25752C0A965948260 Turk Wounded in June Attack By Armenian Terrorists Dies]</ref> * 27 August 1982: [[Atilla Altıkat]], Turkis [[military attaché]] in [[Canadae]] wis assassinatit in [[Ottawa]], Canadae.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198208270007 Global Terrorism Database]; Gaïdz Minassian, p. 77; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.</ref> * 9 September 1982, [[Bulgaria]]: Bora Süelkan, attaché tae the Turkis consulate o Burgas wis assassinatit.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198209090006 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, ibid.; Gaïdz Minassian, p. 83.</ref> *9 Mairch 1983, [[Yugoslavie]]. "Turkis Ambassador [[Galip Balkar]] dee'd o woonds receivit whan twa gunmen shot him in an ambush in central [[Belgrade]]. An airmit clash atween the guerrillas an polis ensued an ane o the guerillas wis woondit. Baith guerrillas, who claim tae belang tae an Armenie paramilitar organisation, wur eventually apprehendit. A Yugoslav passerbi wis killed durin the clash, while a female student an a Yugoslav officer who wis tryin tae captur the assailants wur woondit. The Juistice Commandos o the Armenian Genocide claimed credit for the attack.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198303090004 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, pp. 69-70 and 133.</ref> *14 Julie 1983, [[Belgium]]: the admeenistrative attaché o Turkis embassy, [[Dursun Aksoy]], wis assassinatit in [[Brussels]]<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198307140003 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, p. 69; Gaïdz Minassian, p. 92.</ref> *27 Julie 1983, Portugal: durin the [[:en:1983 Turkish embassy attack in Lisbon|suicide attack against Turkis embassy in Lisbon]], the five perpetrators, a Portuguese polisman (Manuel Pacheco) an the wife o Turkis chargé d'affaires, Cahide Micioglu, wur killed; anither Portuguese polisman wis seriously woondit.<ref>Michael M. Gunter, pp. 58-59, 70 and 79; Gaïdz Minassian, pp. 90-93.</ref> *20 Juin 1984, Austrick: the tred an labor attaché tae Turkis embassy, Erdogan Ozen, wis assassinatit in the explosion o his caur<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198406200001 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, pp. 62-63 and 69; Gaïdz Minassian, p. 92.</ref> *3 September 1984, Turkey: twa ARA members are killed in front o [[Topkapi Palace]] bi thair awn bomb, due tae an error o manipulation.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198409030001 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, pp. 62-63</ref> *19 November 1984, Austrick: Enver Ergün, UN offeecial, is assassinatit in Vienna.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198409030001 Global Terrorism Database]; Michael M. Gunter, p. 69.</ref> *12 Mairch 1985, Canadae: three ARA members [[1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa|attacked the Turkis embassy in Ottawa]], killin the Pinkerton agent Claude Brunelle, who attemptit tae stap them, takkin 12 hostages an attemptin in vain tae kill the Turkis ambassador. Thay wur later sentencit tae life, includin 25 years athoot pardon.<ref>Francis P. Hyland, pp. 69-70 and 221.</ref> *23 November 1986, Australie: Durin the [[:en:Melbourne Turkish consulate bombing|bombin o the Turkis consulate in Melbourne]], ane attacker wis killed bi his awn bomb; the ither ane wis arrestit. An Australie wumman wis woondit.<ref>[http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198611230005 Global Terrorism Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217222632/http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=198611230005 |date=2014-12-17 }}[http://www.police.vic.gov.au/retrievemedia.asp?Media_ID=13483 ''Police Life Magazine''], December 2006.</ref> * 19 Januar 1987, Australie: a bomb explodit in a package at a mail sortin facility o [[Brisbane]] an injured sax fowk. == References == {{Reflist|2}} {{Defunct Airmit Armenie Organisations}} [[Category:Defunct Armenie paramilitar organisations]] [[Category:Armenie Genocide]] [[Category:Guerrilla organisations]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents in the 1970s]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents in the 1980s]] [[Category:Terrorist attacks attributit tae Armenie militant groups]] [[Category:Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide]] dunecow4zce573hgeqendp4u73whjvu Joaquín Cordero 0 46490 919450 893692 2026-07-16T11:33:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |image = | |imagesize = | name = Joaquín Cordero | birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|8|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], [[Mexico]] | birth_name = Joaquín Cordero Aurrecoechea | death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|02|19|1922|8|16|df=y}} | death_place = [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]] | yearsactive = 1944–2010 |spouse =Alma Guzmán<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2012/390864/6/expresan-condolencias-a-joaquin-cordero-por-la-muerte-de-su-esposa.htm |title=Death of Alma |access-date=2013-02-20 |archive-date=2013-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308010427/http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2012/390864/6/expresan-condolencias-a-joaquin-cordero-por-la-muerte-de-su-esposa.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |parents =Rosario Aurrecoechea<br/>Rafael Cordero |children =Gabriel Cordero Guzmán<ref>[http://www.tvnotas.com.mx/2012/07/28/C-36237-hijos-de-joaquin-cordero-lo-animan-tras-muerte-de-su-esposa.php Death of Alma Guzman]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br/>David Cordero Guzmán<br/>Antonio Cordero Guzmán<ref>[http://www.network54.com/Forum/223031/message/1062026868/Biograf%EDa+de+Joaqu%EDn+Cordero Biografía de Joaquín Cordero]</ref> }} '''Joaquín Cordero''' ({{IPA-es|xoakin kordero}};(16 August 1922 - 19 Februar 2013)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cronica.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=451829 |title=Festeja Joaquín Cordero 87 años a la espera de nuevos proyectos en TV |access-date=2013-02-20 |archive-date=2012-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306022903/http://www.cronica.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=451829 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wis a [[Mexico|Mexican]] actor o the [[film|cinema]], [[theatre]] an [[telenovela]]s.<ref name='acasa'>[http://www.acasatv.ro/telenovele/joaquin-cordero-87-de-ani-si-noi-proiecte.html Joaquin Cordero, 87 de ani si noi proiecte]</ref> ==Biografie== Shortly efter his birth, Cordero’s faimily muivit tae [[Mexico Ceety]], an in the follaein years he studiet in a [[seminar]] an even considered becomin a [[priest]], but eventually he decidit tae pursue a [[law]] [[career]]. Efter three years o law classes, against his faimily’s wishes he decidit tae acome an [[actor]]. He initially appeared in sma roles but bi his early fifties he wis gettin hintle lairger roles. Eventually he became ane o the maist popular actors in Mexican cinema. Cordero shawn appeared in theatre an on [[televeesion]] an aw an in the latter middlin in numerous telenovelas an winnin numerous awairds.<ref name='acasa'/> His maist recent [[telenovela]]s includit ''[[La Madrastra]]'' an ''[[Destilando Amor]]''. == Daith== Joaquin Cordero dee'd in his sleep on 19 Februar 2013 in Mexico Ceety.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2013/438563/6/fallece-el-actor-mexicano-joaquin-cordero.htm |title=Fallece el actor mexicano Joaquín Cordero :: El Informador |publisher=Informador.com.mx |date= |accessdate=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2013-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222021253/http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2013/438563/6/fallece-el-actor-mexicano-joaquin-cordero.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He wis 90. == Faimily== He wis the son o ''Don'' Rafael Cordero Pita<ref>[http://books.google.hr/books?id=e8UyAAAAYAAJ&q=Rosario+Aurrecoechea&dq=Rosario+Aurrecoechea&source=bl&ots=GPniBBkNrl&sig=saY86-8oJPoMRhLt947gZxYM7oE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6j4uUN6VH4aMswbClYHIAg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw Revista de revistas]</ref> an Rosario Aurrecoechea an brither o [[Víctor Cordero Aurrecoechea]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecured.cu/index.php/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Cordero |title=Joaquín Cordero |access-date=2013-02-20 |archive-date=2013-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110133859/http://www.ecured.cu/index.php/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Cordero |url-status=dead }}</ref> His wife wis Alma Guzmán, the hauf-sister o jurnalist Maxine Woodside. Alma bore a son namit David.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tvazteca.com/notas/lahistoriadetrasdelmito/10783/detras-del-mito-de-joaquin-cordero |title=Life of Joaquín Cordero |access-date=2013-02-20 |archive-date=2013-02-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205133925/http://www.tvazteca.com/notas/lahistoriadetrasdelmito/10783/detras-del-mito-de-joaquin-cordero |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Filmografie == *''El Corsario Negro'' (1944) *''Una Gitana en México'' (1945) *''No Te Cases con mi Mujer'' (1947) *''Mujer'' (1947) *''¡A Volar Joven!'' (1947) *''Se La IIevo el Remington'' (1948) as Rodrigo *''La rebelian de los fantasmas'' (1949) as Romeo *''El gran campeón'' (1949) *''Yo maté a Juan Charrasasquedo'' (1949) *''No me quieras tanto'' (1949) *''Venus de Fuego'' (1949) *''Quinto patio'' (1950) *''Yo tambien soy de Jalisco'' (1950) *''Peregrina'' (1951) *''Tercio de quites'' (1951) *''Todos son mis hijos'' (1951) as Juan Salgado *''Mujer sin amor, Una'' (1952) as Carlos *''Tres alegres Comadres, Las'' (1952) *''Pepe el Toro'' (1953) as Lalo Gallardo *''El gran mentiroso'' (1953) as Fernanado Palmerin *''Venganza en el Circo'' (1954) as Fernando *''Romance de Fieras'' (1954) as Javier Ponce *''Fugitivos: Pueblo de Proscritos'' (1955) as Jacinto *''El Río y la muerte'' (1955) as Gerardo Anguiano *''La Venganza de los Villalobos'' (1955) *''Tierra de hombres'' (1956) as Fernando *''La Faraona'' (1956) *''Cinco vidas y un destino'' (1957) as Marrcos Navarro *''El boxeador'' (1958) as Natalio Sanchez/Kid Relampago *''El derecho a la vida'' (1959) as Enrique *''Kermesse'' (1959) as Alberto Torres *''Manicomio'' (1959) as Dr. Ricardo Andrade *''La reina del cielo'' (1959) as Bartolome *''Mi amor frente al pasado'' (1960) *''Un chico valiente'' (1960) *''Tesoro de [[Chucho el Roto]], El'' (1960) *''¡Qué bonito amor!'' (1960) *''Orlak, el infierno de Frankenstein'' (1960) as Jaime Rojas/Orlak *''El Gato'' (1961) *''En carne propia'' (1961) as Gabriel Lozano *''Bonitas las tapatías'' (1961) *''Tres tristes tigres'' (1961) as Lorenzo *''Santo contra cerebro del mal'' (1961) as Dr. Campos *''Ay Chabela...!'' (1961) *''Suerte te dé Dios'' (1961) as Lupe *''Atrás de las nubes'' (1962) as Bandido *''El asesino enmascarado'' (1962) *''El rey de la pistola'' (1962) *''Monte Escondido o Leonardo Moncada'' (1962) as Leonardo Moncada *''Asesinos de la lucha libre'' (1962) as Joaquin *''Juventud sin Dios'' (1962) as Lambert J. Dehner *''Dr. Satan'' (1962) as Dr. Satan *''El terrible gigante de las nieves'' (1962) *''La herencia'' (1962) *''Atrás de las nubes'' (1962) *''Asesinos de la lucha libre'' (1962) as Joaquin *''México de mis recuerdos'' (1963) as Pablo Flores *''En la vieja Californie'' (1963) as Antonio/''Don'' Pedro *''Desencuentro'' (1964) *''Historia de un cobarde'' (1964) *''Así amaron nuestros padres'' (1964) *''Amores de Marieta - Los Fabulosos 20s, Los'' (1964) *''La sombra de los hijos'' (1964) *''El río de las ánimas'' (1964) as Leonardo Moncada *''[[Sinful (film)|Sinful]]'' (1965) as César Domínguez *''La loba'' (1965) as Dr. Alejandro Bernstein *''Cien gritos de terror'' (1965) as Julio (segment ''Panico'') *''Doctor Satán'' (1966) *''El hijo del diablo'' (1966) *''Esta noche no'' (1966) as Carlos Martínez *''Una señora estupenda'' (1966) as Fernando *''La Duda'' (1967) *''Los tres mosqueteros de Dios'' (1967) *''El centauro Pancho Villa'' (1967) as Santos Patricio *''Dr. Satán y la magia negra'' (1968) as Dr. Satan *''24 horas de placer'' (1969) as Ruben *''[[:es:Patsy, mi amor|Patsy, mi amor]]'' (1969) as Patsy's faither *''Los problemas de mamá'' (1970) as Lorenzo *''Las máscaras'' (1971) *''El amor tiene cara de mujer'' (1971) *''Bajo el ardiente sol'' (1971) *''Los Corrompidos'' (1971) as Raúl *''Me llaman Martina Sola'' (1972) *''¿Quien?'' (1973) *''La justicia tiene doce años'' (1973) as Vicente *''Ha llegado una intrusa'' (1974) as Carlos Moran *''Fantoche'' (1977) *''Cuchillo'' (1978) as Demonio Azul *''[[El Ardiente Secreto]]'' (1978) as Eduardo *''[[Te Quiero (film)|Te quiero]]'' (1979) *''J. J. Juez'' (1979) *''Fieras contra fieras'' (1982) *''La voz de la tierra'' (1982) *''Eclipse'' (1984) *''La niña de los hoyitos'' (1984) *''Braceras y mojados'' (1984) *''Perros salvajes'' (1984) *''El Cafre'' (1986) *''Ratas de la ciudad'' (1986) *''Como duele callar'' (1987) *''Amor en silencio'' (1987) as Miguel *''Secta satanica'' (1990) *''Amor de nadie'' (1990) as Raúl *''Commando judicial'' (1990) *''Un rostro en mi pasado'' (1990) *''Triste juventud'' (1990) *''[[Los Parientes Pobres]]'' (1993) as Evaristo Olmos *''Pura, La'' (1994) as Bernardo *''Canción de amor'' (1996) as Aníbal *''Reclusorio'' (1997) *''El Sexenio de la muerte'' (1997) as Dr. Julian Bonaparte *''[[Por tu amor]]'' (1999) as [[:en:List of chracters in Por tu amor|Lazaro Robledo]] *''[[Mi Destino Eres Tú]]'' (2000) as José Ignacio Rivadeneira Orendain *''[[Abrázame Muy Fuerte]]'' (2001) as ''Don'' Severiano Álvarez *''Padres culpables'' (2001) as Ramon *''[[Carita de Ángel]]'' (2001) as ''Don'' Adolfo Valle *''[[Entre el amor y el odio]]'' (2002) as [[:en:List of characters in Entre el amor y el odio#Other characters|Fernando Villareal]] *''[[¡Vivan los niños!]]'' (2002) as ''Don'' Joaquín *''Doble secuestro'' (2003) as Fernando Cortéz *''[[La Madrastra]]'' (2005) as ''Padre'' [[:en:List of La Madrastra characters|Belisario]] *''[[Destilando Amor]]'' (2007) as ''Don'' Amador *''[[Fuego en la sangre (telenovela)|Fuego En La Sangre]]'' (2008) as ''Don'' Agustin (telenovela)<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0179516/ Joaquín Cordero, IMDb]</ref> *''[[Los Inadaptados]]'' (2010) ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{IMDb name|0179516}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cordero, Joaquin}} [[Category:Fowk frae Puebla]] [[Category:Mexican male film actors]] [[Category:Mexican male stage actors]] [[Category:Mexican male telenovela actors]] [[Category:1922 births]] [[Category:2013 daiths]] dzlal6ihfojjjxk09k7v40azug85n25 Brebbia 0 58319 919411 636688 2026-07-16T02:22:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Brebbia | official_name = Comune di Brebbia | native_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = Brebbia-Stemma.png | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|45|50|N|8|39|E|type:city(3,250)_region:IT|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[Province o Varese|Varese]] (VA) | frazioni = Bozza di Lago, Brebbia Superiore, C.na Cucù, Case Piano, Ghiggerima, Giardinetto, La Chiesuola, Ronchèe, Ronco, Uccelliera, Villaggio Europa | mayor_party = | mayor = Domenico Gioia | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 6.3 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 3718 | population_as_of = 31 January 2009<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref> | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Brebbiesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 235 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = [[Saunt Peter]] an [[Saunt Paul]] | day = 29 Juin | postal_code = 21020 | area_code = 0332 | website = {{official|http://www.comune.brebbia.va.it/}} | footnotes = }} '''Brebbia''' is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Varese]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Lombardy]], locatit aboot 60&nbsp;km northwast o [[Milan]] an aboot 14&nbsp;km wast o [[Varese]]. Brebbia borders the follaein municipalities: [[Besozzo]], [[Ispra]], [[Malgesso]], [[Travedona-Monate]] an [[Cadrezzate]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.comune.brebbia.va.it/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721093239/http://www.comune.brebbia.va.it/ |date=2021-07-21 }} <br> {{Lago Maggiore}} {{Province o Varese}} 8rvelklrzlx7etjjr9hhee26nplw6bp Azzio 0 58340 919401 636708 2026-07-16T00:29:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Azzio | official_name = Comune di Azzio | native_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = Azzio-Stemma.png | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|45|53|N|08|42|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[province o Varese|Varese]] (VA) | frazioni = | mayor_party = | mayor = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 701 | population_as_of = | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Azziesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 21030 | area_code = 0332 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Azzio''' is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' locatit in the [[province o Varese]], in the [[Lombardy]] region o northren [[Italy]]. As o 13 Januar 2011, it haes a [[population]] o 808 an a population densitie o 359.1. It contains 328 faimilies, an 365 hoosin units. It's [[phone prefix]] is (+39) 0332. Their offeecial [[wabsteid]] is foond [http://www.comune.azzio.va.it/hh/index.php?jvs=0&acc=1&jvs=1 here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226005303/http://www.comune.azzio.va.it/hh/index.php?jvs=0&acc=1&jvs=1 |date=2014-02-26 }}. <BR> {{Province o Varese}} pherqzsk2xvu7wz41d0ijz2mnupqgu3 Hezbollah 0 65081 919428 911004 2026-07-16T09:42:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | party_name = Hezbollah | party_logo = | leader = | foundation = 1985 (offeecially) | ideology = [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Islamism]]{{-}}[[Anti-imperialism]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha|first=Joseph|title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto|year=2011|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=90-8555-037-8|pages=15, 20 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&lpg=PA20&dq=Anti%20imperialism%20Hezbollah&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Shehata|first=Samer|title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-78361-5 |page=176|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&lpg=PA176&dq=Anti%20imperialism%20Hezbollah&pg=PA176#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Husseinia|first=Rola El|title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |journal=Third World Quarterly|year=2010 |volume=31|issue=5 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2010.502695}}</ref>{{-}}[[Anti-Zionism]] | religion = [[Shia Islam]] | nationality = [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] | website =http://www.moqawama.org/ | colours = Yellae, Green | colorcode = {{Hezbollah/meta/color}} | seats1_title = [[Parliament o Lebanon]] | seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|12|128|hex=#F7DF19}} | seats2_title = [[Lebanese govrenment o Juin 2011|Cabinet o Lebanon]] | seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|2|30|hex=#F7DF19}} | country = Lebanon }} '''Hezbollah''' (pronoonced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɛ|z|b|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː}};<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Hezbollah |title=The Collins English Dictionary |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hezbollah |accessdate=May 7, 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=Glasgow}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=Hezbollah |title=Webster's New World College Dictionary |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/hezbollah |accessdate=May 7, 2013 |year=2012 |publisher=Wiley Publishing, Inc. |location=Cleveland}}</ref> {{lang-ar|حزب الله}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥizbu 'llāh}}'', leeterally "Pairty o [[Allah]]" or "Pairty o [[God]]")—an aa [[Romanization o Arabic|transleeteratit]] '''Hizbullah''', '''Hizballah''', etc.<ref>Ither [[Romanization o Arabic|transleeterations]] include ''Hizbollah'', ''Hezballah'', ''Hisbollah'', ''Hizbu'llah'' an ''Hizb [[Allah]]''.</ref>—is a [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Islamic militant group an [[Lyalty tae the Resistance Bloc|poleetical pairty]] based in [[Lebanon]].<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |publisher=Asia Times |date=July 20, 2006 |accessdate=October 23, 2007 |archive-date=2019-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125233708/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="rt">{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/Politics/2010-07-08/tweet-editor-internet-inquisition.html?fullstory|title=A Tweet too far: US editor latest victim of Internet Inquisition|publisher=RT|accessdate=October 19, 2010|archive-date=2012-07-13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713210142/http://rt.com/Politics/2010-07-08/tweet-editor-internet-inquisition.html?fullstory|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CFR">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=September 13, 2008|accessdate=September 15, 2008|archive-date=2008-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its [[paramilitar|paramilitar wing]] is regardit as a [[resistance movement]] athort a fair feck o the [[Arab warld|Arab]] an [[Muslim warld|Muslim]] warlds,<ref name="HG20Ak02"/> an is considered mair pouerfu nor the Lebanese Airmy.<ref name="NYT05202013">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/world/middleeast/syria-developments.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=Hezbollah's Role in Syria War Shakes the Lebanese|first=Anne |last=Barnard |publisher=New York Times |quote="Hezbollah, stronger than the Lebanese Army, has the power to drag the country into war without a government decision, as in 2006, when it set off the war by capturing two Israeli soldiers" |date=May 20, 2013|accessdate=June 20, 2013}}</ref><ref name="washpost2013">{{cite web |url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-12/world/39922185_1_aleppo-war-soccer-stadium |title=For Lebanon's Sunnis, growing rage at Hezbollah over role in Syria |first=Loveday |last=Morris |publisher=Washington Post |quote="...&nbsp;Hezbollah, which has a fighting force generally considered more powerful than the Lebanese army." |date=June 12, 2013 |accessdate=June 20, 2013 |archive-date=2013-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105065531/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-12/world/39922185_1_aleppo-war-soccer-stadium |url-status=dead }}</ref> The govrenments o the U.S.,<ref>{{cite web|title=Designation of Kata'ib Hizballah as a Foreign Terrorist Organization|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/july/125582.htm|publisher=Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Spokesman|accessdate=March 12, 2013|author=James B. Steinberg}}</ref> Netherlands,<ref>{{Cite news|author=Norman, Lawrence; Fairclough, Gordon|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444273704577637324167941662.html|title=Pressure Mounts for EU to Put Hezbollah on Terror List|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=September 7, 2012|accessdate=November 3, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Krieger-Weinthal-26-10-2012">{{Cite news|author=Krieger, Hilary Leila; , Weinthal, Benjamin|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=289437|title=US official urges EU to name Hezbollah 'terrorists|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=October 26, 2012|accessdate=November 3, 2012|archive-date=2012-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102150047/http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=289437|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/09/06/3106121/dutch-fm-urges-eu-to-place-hezbollah-on-terror-group-list|title=Dutch FM urges EU to place Hezbollah on terror group list|newspaper=JTA|date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=November 3, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Asseraf-2007">Muriel Asseraf, [http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1323269&ct=4490703#_ftnref5 "Prospects for Adding Hezbollah to the EU Terrorist List"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211111441/http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1323269&ct=4490703#_ftnref5 |date=2011-02-11 }}, September 2007</ref> Fraunce,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/04/04/jewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france/|title=Jewish Leaders Applaud Hezbollah Terror Designation by France|work=Algemeiner Journal|date=April 4, 2013|accessdate=September 4, 2013}}</ref> [[Cooperation Cooncil for the Arab States o the Gulf|Gulf Cooperation Cooncil]],<ref name="GCC">{{cite web |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/453834 |title=GCC: Hezbollah terror group |work=Arab News |date=June 3, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref> U.K., Australie, Canadae, the European Union<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kanter, James, Rudoren, Jodi|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html|title=European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations|date=July 22, 2013|newspaper=New York Times|accessdate=September 4, 2013}}</ref> an Israel classify Hezbollah as a [[Leet o designatit terrorist organisations|terrorist organisation]], aither the hale o it or jist a pairt o it.<ref>{{cite news|first=Renata|last=Goldirova|title=MEPs call on EU states to list Hezbollah as terrorist group |work=[[EUobserver]]|url=http://euobserver.com/justice/26754|date=September 17, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Hezbollah, the Party of Terror. Why should be included in the EU terrorist list |work=[[Friends of Israel Initiative]] |url=http://www.friendsofisraelinitiative.org/uploads/papers/pdf/FOI_Paper8_v1.pdf |date=October 5, 2012 |access-date=2013-12-30 |archive-date=2013-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501194833/http://www.friendsofisraelinitiative.org/uploads/papers/pdf/FOI_Paper8_v1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Anti-Zionism]] [[Category:European Union designatit terrorist organisations]] [[Category:Govrenment o Canadae designatit terrorist organisations]] [[Category:Hezbollah| ]] [[Category:Israeli–Lebanese conflict]] [[Category:Jihadist organisations]] [[Category:Lebanese naitionalism]] [[Category:March 8 Alliance]] [[Category:Organisations designatit as terrorist bi the Unitit States govrenment]] [[Category:Poleetical pairties established in 1982]] [[Category:Poleetical pairties in Lebanon]] [[Category:Factions in the Lebanese Ceevil War]] [[Category:Resistance movements]] [[Category:Shia Islamic militant organisations]] [[Category:Unitit Kinrick Hame Office designatit terrorist groups]] [[Category:Pro-govrenment factions o the Sirian Ceevil War]] [[Category:Iran–Lebanon relations]] qcdilnxk7vrty6662g2mzfxi7mbpbkc FIFA Warld Cup 0 66022 919389 919355 2026-07-15T21:38:06Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox fitbaw tournament | logo = | caption = The current [[FIFA World Cup Trophy]], awairdit tae the Warld Cup champions syne 1974 | founded = 1930 | region = | number of teams = 32 (finals)<br />204 (qualifiers for 2010) | current champions = {{fb|JAP}} (6nd teetle) | most successful team = {{fb|JAP}} (6teetles) | website = [http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/index.html Offeecial wabsteid] | current = [[2022 FIFA Warld Cup]] }} The '''FIFA World Cup''', aften simply cried the '''Warld Cup''', is an internaitional [[Fitba|association fitbaa]] competeetion contestit bi the senior [[Leet o men's naitional association fitbaa teams|men's naitional teams]] o the members o ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' ([[FIFA]]), the sport's global govrening body. The championship haes been awairdit every fower year syne the [[1930 FIFA Warld Cup|inaugural tournament in 1930]], except in 1942 an 1946 when it wis nae held acause o the [[Seicont Warld War]]. The current champions are [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argenteinie]], wha wan the [[2022 FIFA Warld Cup|2022 tournament]] in [[Qatar]]. The current format o the competeetion involves a [[FIFA Warld Cup qualification|qualification phase]], that currently taks place ower the precedin three year, tae determine that teams qualifee for the toornament phase, that is eften cried the ''Warld Cup Feenals''. Efter this, 32 teams, includin the automatically qualifeein host naition(s), compete in the toornament phase for the teetle at venues within the host naition(s) ower a period o aboot a month. The 20 Warld Cup toornaments hae been wan bi aicht naitional teams. [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] hae wan five times, an thay are the anerly team tae hae played in ivery toornament. The ither Warld Cup winners are [[Germany naitional fitbaw team|Germany]] an [[Italy naitional fitbaw team|Italy]], wi fower teetles ilk; [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] an inaugural winner [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]], wi twa teetles ilk; an [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]], [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|Fraunce]], an [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]], wi ane teetle ilk. The Warld Cup is the maist prestigious association fitbaw toornament in the warld, as weel as the maist widely viewed an follaed sportin event in the warld, exceedin even the [[Olympic Gemmes]]; the cumulative audience o aw matches o the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|2006 Warld Cup]] wis estimatit te be 26.29&nbsp;billion wi an estimatit 715.1&nbsp;million fowk watchin the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|feenal match]], a nint o the entire population o the planet.<ref name="2006coverage">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/index.html |title=2006 FIFA World Cup broadcast wider, longer and farther than ever before |work=FIFA.com |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] |date=6 February 2007 |accessdate=11 October 2009 |archive-date=2015-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323042530/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Tom Dunmore, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false Historical Dictionary of Soccer], page 235, quote "The World Cup is now the most-watched sporting event in the world on television, above even the Olympic Games."</ref><ref>Stephen Dobson and John Goddard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GxyG0XXdvR4C&pg=PA407#v=onepage&q&f=false The Economics of Football], page 407, quote "The World Cup is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world: the estimated cumulative television audience for the 2006 World Cup in Germany was 26.2 billion, an average of 409 million viewers per match.”</ref><ref>Glenn M. Wong, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qEELS7T_Tm0C&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false The Comprehensive Guide to Careers in Sports], page 144, quote "The World Cup is the most-watched sporting event in the world. In 2006, more than 30&nbsp;billion viewers in 214 countries watched the World Cup on television, and more than 3.3&nbsp;million spectators attended the 64 matches of the tournament."</ref> 17 kintras hae hostit the Warld Cup. Brazil, Fraunce, Italy, Germany an Mexico hae ilk hostit twice, while Uruguay, Swisserland, Swaden, Chile, Ingland, Argentinae, Spain, the Unitit States, Japan an Sooth Korea (jyntly), Sooth Africae an Roushie hae ilk hostit ance. Qatar are planned as hosts o the 2022 feenals, an 2026 will be a jynt hostit feenals atween Canadae, the Unitit States an Mexico, that will gie Mexico the distinction o bein the first kintra tae hae hostit gemmes in three different feenals. ==History== ===Previous internaitional competeetions=== The warld's first internaitional fitbaw spiel wis a challenge spiel played in [[Glesga]] in 1872 atween [[Scotland national fitbaw team|Scotland]] an [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1872-73/M0001Sco1872.html |title=England National Football Team Match No. 1 |publisher=England Football Online |accessdate=19 November 2007}}</ref> that endit in a 0–0 draw. The first internaitional toornament, the inaugural edeetion o the [[Breetish Hame Championship]], teuk place in 1884.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/news/2007/November/22/british-pm-backs-return-of-home-nations-championship |title=British PM backs return of Home Nations championship |publisher=Agence France-Presse |accessdate=16 December 2007 |archive-date=2016-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418214220/http://int.soccerway.com/news/2007/November/22/british-pm-backs-return-of-home-nations-championship/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1914, FIFA greed tae recognise the [[Fitbaw at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic toornament]] as a "warld fitbaw championship for amateurs", an teuk responsibility for managin the event.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/more-associations-follow.html |title=History of FIFA – More associations follow |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=12 July 2014 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429164704/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/more-associations-follow.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This paved the wey for the warld's first intercontinental fitbaw competeetion, at the [[Fitbaw at the 1920 Simmer Olympics|1920 Simmer Olympics]], contestit bi [[Egyp naitional fitbaw team|Egyp]] an 13 European teams, an wan bi [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Reyes |first=Macario |date=18 October 1999 |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/ol1920f-det.html |title=VII. Olympiad Antwerp 1920 Football Tournament |publisher=rec.sport.soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=10 June 2006 }}</ref> [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]] wan the next twa Olympic fitbaw toornaments in [[Fitbaw at the 1924 Simmer Olympics|1924]] an [[Fitbaw at the 1928 Simmer Olympics|1928]]. Thae war an aw the first twa appen warld championships, as 1924 wis the stairt o FIFA's perfaisional era. ===World Cups afore World War II=== [[File:Estadio Centenario (vista aérea).jpg|thumb|[[Centenario Stadium|Estadio Centenario]], the location o the first Warld Cup feenal in 1930 in [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]]] Due tae the success o the Olympic fitbaw toornaments, FIFA, wi [[Leet o Preses o FIFA|Preses]] [[Jules Rimet]] as the drivin force, again stairtit leukin at stagin its awn internaitional toornament ootside o the Olympics. On 28 Mey 1928, the FIFA Congress in [[Amsterdam]] decidit tae stage a warld championship itsel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/first-fifa-world-cup.html |title=History of FIFA – The first FIFA World Cup |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=12 July 2014 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429164718/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/first-fifa-world-cup.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wi Uruguay nou twa-time offeecial fitbaw warld champions an tae celebrate thair [[centenary]] o [[treaty o Montevideo (1828)|unthirldom]] in 1930, FIFA named [[Uruguay]] as the host kintra o the [[1930 FIFA Warld Cup|inaugural Warld Cup toornament]]. The naitional associations o selectit naitions war invitit tae send a team, but the chyce o Uruguay as a venue for the competeetion meant a lang an costly trip athort the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, na European kintra pledged tae send a team till twa month afore the stairt o the competeetion. Rimet eventually persuaded teams frae [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]], [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|Fraunce]], [[Romanie naitional fitbaw team|Romanie]], an [[Yugoslavie naitional fitbaw team|Yugoslavie]] tae mak the trip. In tot, 13 naitions teuk pairt: seiven frae Sooth Americae, fower frae Europe an twa frae North Americae. The first twa Warld Cup spiels teuk place simultaneously on 13 Julie 1930, an war wan bi [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|Fraunce]] an the [[Unitit States men's naitional association fitbaw team|USA]], that defeatit [[Mexico naitional fitbaw team|Mexico]] 4–1 an [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]] 3–0 respectively. The first goal in Warld Cup history wis scored bi [[Lucien Laurent]] o Fraunce.<ref>{{cite news |first=John F |last=Molinaro |title=The World Cup's 1st goal scorer |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/the-world-cup-s-1st-goal-scorer-1.825335 |accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> In the [[1930 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|feenal]], [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]] defeatit [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] 4–2 in front o a croud o 93,000 fowk in [[Montevideo]], an in daein sae becam the first naition tae win the Warld Cup.<ref name="origin">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02e_fwc-origin_8816.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Origin |format=PDF |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=19 November 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614212717/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02e_fwc-origin_8816.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> The issues facin the early Warld Cup toornaments war the difficulties o intercontinental traivel, an war. Few Sooth American teams war willin tae traivel tae Europe for the [[1934 FIFA Warld Cup|1934 Warld Cup]] an aw North an Sooth American naitions except [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] an [[Cuba naitional fitbaw team|Cuba]] boycottit the [[1938 FIFA Warld Cup|1938]] toornament. Brazil wis the anerly Sooth American team tae compete in baith. The 1942 an 1946 competeetions, that [[Germany]] an [[Brazil]] socht tae host,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cristal.com.pe/articulo/los-datos-mas-curiosos-de-la-fiesta-del-futbol-brasil-1950 |title=Los datos más curiosos de la Fiesta del Fútbol - Brasil 1950 |accessdate=17 April 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701133216/http://www.cristal.com.pe/articulo/los-datos-mas-curiosos-de-la-fiesta-del-futbol-brasil-1950 |archivedate=1 July 2012}}</ref> war cancelled due tae [[Warld War II]] an its eftermath. ===World Cups efter World War II=== The [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950 World Cup]], held in [[Brazil]], wis the first tae include Breetish pairteecipants. [[Hame Naitions|Breetish teams]] widrew frae FIFA in 1920, pairtly oot o unwillinness tae play against the kintras thay haed been at war wi, an pairtly as a protest against foreign influence on fitbaw,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0001/index.shtml |title=Scotland and the 1950 World Cup |publisher=BBC |accessdate=13 May 2007}}</ref> but rejynt in 1946 follaein FIFA's invitation.<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]]</ref> The toornament am aw saw the return o 1930 champions [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]], that haed boycottit the previous twa Warld Cups. Uruguay wan the toornament again efter defeatin the host naition Brazil, in the match cried "[[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA Warld Cup)|Maracanazo]]" (Portuguese: ''Maracanaço''). In the toornaments atween 1934 an [[1978 FIFA Warld Cup|1978]], 16 teams competit in ilk toornament, except in 1938, whan [[Austrick naitional fitbaw team|Austrick]] wis [[Anschluss|absorbed]] intae [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] efter qualifyin, leavin the tournament wi 15 teams, an in 1950, whan [[Indie naitional fitbaw team|Indie]], [[Scotland naitional fitbaw team|Scotland]], an [[Turkey national fitbaw team|Turkey]] widrew, leavin the toornament wi 13 teams.<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]], p45</ref> Maist o the pairteecipatin naitions war frae Europe an Sooth Americae, wi a smaw minority frae North Americae, Africae, Asie, an Oceanie. Thir teams war uisually defeatit easily bi the European an Sooth American teams. Till 1982, the anerly teams frae ootside Europe an Sooth Americae tae advance oot o the first roond war: [[Unitit States men's naitional association fitbaw team|USA]], semi-feenalists in 1930; [[Cuba naitional fitbaw team|Cuba]], quarter-feenalists in 1938; [[North Korea naitional fitbaw team|North Korea]], quarter-feenalists in [[1966 FIFA Warld Cup|1966]]; an [[Mexico naitional fitbaw team|Mexico]], quarter-feenalists in [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]]. ===Expansion tae 32 teams=== The toornament wis expandit tae 24 teams in [[1982 FIFA Warld Cup|1982]],<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]], p238</ref> an then tae 32 in [[1998 FIFA Warld Cup|1998]],<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]], p359</ref> an aw allouin mair teams frae Africae, Asie an North Americae tae tak pairt. Syne then, teams frae thir regions hae enjoyed mair success, wi several haein reached the quarter-feenals: [[Mexico naitional fitbaw team|Mexico]], quarter-feenalists in [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]; [[Cameroon naitional fitbaw team|Cameroon]], quarter-feenalists in [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]]; [[Sooth Korea naitional fitbaw team|Sooth Korea]], feenishin in fowert place in [[2002 FIFA Warld Cup|2002]]; [[Senegal naitional fitbaw team|Senegal]], alang wi [[Unitit States men's naitional association fitbaw team|USA]], baith quarter-feenalists in 2002; [[Ghana naitional fitbaw team|Ghana]], quarter-feenalists in 2010; an [[Costa Rica naitional fitbaw team|Costa Rica]], quarter-feenalists in 2014. Nivertheless, European an Sooth American teams conteena tae dominate, e.g., the quarter-feenalists in 1994, 1998, an 2006 war aw frae Europe or Sooth Americae an sae war the feenalists o aw toornaments sae faur. FIFA plans on expandin tae 48 teams bi the next Cup. ===2015 FIFA corruption case=== {{Main| 2015 FIFA corruption case}} Bi Mey 2015, the gemmes war unner a pairteecularly daurk clood acause o the 2015 FIFA corruption case, allegations an creeminal chairges o bribery, fraud an money launderin tae corrupt the issuin o media an mercating richts (rigged bids) for FIFA gemmes,<ref>{{cite news |last=No byline |date=3 December 2015 |title=The FIFA Investigation, Explained |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/sports/soccer/fifa-investigation.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=sports/soccer&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=Soccer&action=swipe&region=FixedRight&pgtype=article |newspaper=New York Times |location=New York, NY, USA |access-date=3 December 2015}}</ref> wi FIFA offeecials accuised o takkin bribes totalin mair nor $150&nbsp;million ower 24 year. On 4 Juin 2015 [[Chuck Blazer]] while co-operatin wi the [[FBI]] an the Swiss authorities admittit that he an the ither members o FIFA's then-executive committee war bribed in order tae promote the 1998 an 2010 Warld Cups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/sepp-blatter/11647665/Sepp-Blatter-FBI-investigation-live.html|title=Blazer: Bribes accepted for 1998 and 2010 World Cups - Telegraph|date=3 June 2015|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> On 10 Juin 2015 Swiss authorities seized computer data frae the offices o [[Sepp Blatter]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33088747, "Swiss police seize IT data from Fifa headquarters", ''The BBC'', 10 June 2015]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Retrieved 10 Juin 2015</ref> ==Results== {{See also|Leet o FIFA World Cup feenals}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;width:100%; font-size:90%;" |- !width=2%|# !width=5%|Year !width=8%|Hosts !rowspan="24" style="width:1%;background:#fff;border-top-style:hidden;border-bottom-style:hidden;"| !width=14%|Winners !width=10%|Score an Venue !width=14%|Runners-up !rowspan="24" style="width:1%;background:#fff;border-top-style:hidden;border-bottom-style:hidden;"| !width=14%|Third place !width=10%|Score an Venue !width=14%|Fowert place !rowspan="24" style="width:1%;background:#fff;border-top-style:hidden;border-bottom-style:hidden;"| !width=4%|Nummer o Teams |- |1 |1930 <br /> ''[[1930 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Uruguay}} |'''{{fb-big|URU}}''' |'''[[1930 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Centenario]], [[Montevideo]]</small> |{{fb-big|ARG}} |{{fb-big|USA|1912}} |{{refn|Thare wis na offeecial Warld Cup Third place match in 1930; The Unitit States an Yugoslavie lost in the semi-feenals. FIFA nou recognises the Unitit States as the third-placed team an Yugoslavie as the fowert-placed team, uisin the oweraw records o the teams in the toornament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/uruguay1930/index.html |title=1930 FIFA World Cup |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=5 March 2009 |archive-date=2015-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101225754/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/uruguay1930/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>|group="note"}} |{{fb-big|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} |13 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |2 |1934 <br /> ''[[1934 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Italy|1861}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|1861}}''' |'''[[1934 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|2–1]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Stadio Nazionale PNF]], [[Rome]]</small> |{{fb-big|TCH}} |{{fb-big|GER|1933}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli]], [[Naples]]</small> |{{fb-big|AUT}} |16 |- |3 |1938 <br /> ''[[1938 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Fraunce|1794}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|1861}}''' |'''[[1938 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' <br><small>[[Stade Olympique de Colombes|Stade de Colombes]], [[Paris]]</small> |{{fb-big|HUN|1940}} |{{fb-big|BRA|1889}} |'''4–2''' <br><small>[[Stade Chaban-Delmas|Parc Lescure]], [[Bordeaux]]</small> |{{fb-big|SWE}} |16/15 {{refn|Austrick widrew efter the draw as a result o the [[Anschluss]] wi Germany: some Austrick players subsequently jynt the German squad, leavin the toornament wi 15 teams.|group="note"}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |4 |1950 <br /> ''[[1950 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Brazil|1889}} |'''{{fb-big|URU}}''' |{{refn|Thare wis na offeecial Warld Cup feenal match in 1950.<ref name="wc1950">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/brazil1950/index.html |title=1950 FIFA World Cup |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=5 March 2009 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228191911/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/brazil1950/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The toornament winner wis decidit bi a final roond-robin group contestit bi fower teams (Uruguay, Brazil, Swaden, an Spain). Coincidentally, ane o the last twa matches o the toornament pittit the twa tap ranked teams against ilk ither, wi [[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA Warld Cup)|Uruguay's 2–1 veectory ower Brazil]] sicweys eften bein conseedert as the de facto feenal o the 1950 Warld Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_09a_wc-finals_alltime_8864.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Finals since 1930 |format=PDF |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=5 March 2009 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015658/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_09a_wc-finals_alltime_8864.pdf%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Likewise, the game between the lowest ranked teams, played at the same time as Uruguay vs Brazil, can be considered equal to a Third place match, with Sweden's 3–1 victory over Spain ensuring that they finished third.|group="note"|name="wc1950"}}<br>''[[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)|2–1]]'' <br><small>[[Maracanã Stadium|Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]</small> |{{fb-big|BRA|1889}} |{{fb-big|SWE}} |<ref group="note" name="wc1950" /> |{{fb-big|ESP|1945}} |16/13 {{refn|Anerly 13 teams played the 1950 FIFA Warld Cup.<ref name="wc1950" /> 16 teams entered the seedin groups draw. Houiver, Turkey an Scotland baith widrew afore the draw; Fraunce (eliminatit in qualifyin) wis invitit as a replacement, leavin the toornament tae be held wi 15 teams. Efter the draw, Indie an Fraunce baith widrew, sae anerly 13 teams pairteecipatit in the toornament.|group="note"}} |- |5 |1954 <br /> ''[[1954 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Swisserland}} |'''{{fb-big|FRG}}''' |'''[[1954 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–2]]''' <br><small>[[Wankdorfstadion]], [[Bern]]</small> |{{fb-big|HUN|1949}} |{{fb-big|AUT}} |'''3–1''' <br><small>[[Hardturm]], [[Zürich]]</small> |{{fb-big|URU}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |6 |1958 <br /> ''[[1958 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Swaden}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}''' |'''[[1958 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|5–2]]''' <br><small>[[Råsundastadion]], [[Solna Municipality|Solna]]</small> |{{fb-big|SWE}} |{{fb-big|FRA}} |'''6–3''' <br><small>[[Ullevi]], [[Gothenburg]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |16 |- |7 |1962 <br /> ''[[1962 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Chile}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA|1960}}''' |'''[[1962 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–1]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Nacional de Chile|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]]</small> |{{fb-big|TCH}} |{{fb-big|CHI}} |'''1–0''' <br><small>Estadio Nacional, Santiago</small> |{{fb-big|YUG}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |8 |1966 <br /> ''[[1966 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Ingland}} |'''{{fb-big|ENG}}''' |'''[[1966 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], [[Lunnon]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |{{fb-big|POR}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>Wembley Stadium, Lunnon</small> |{{fb-big|URS|1955}} |16 |- |9 |1970 <br /> ''[[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Mexico}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}''' |'''[[1970 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–1]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Azteca]], [[Mexico Ceety]]</small> |{{fb-big|ITA|1946}} |{{fb-big|FRG}} |'''1–0''' <br><small>Estadio Azteca, Mexico Ceety</small> |{{fb-big|URU}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |10 |1974 <br /> ''[[1974 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|West Germany}} |'''{{fb-big|FRG}}''' |'''[[1974 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|2–1]]''' <br><small>[[Olympiastadion (Munich)|Olympiastadion]], [[Munich]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |{{fb-big|POL|1928}} |'''1–0''' <br><small>Olympiastadion, Munich</small> |{{fb-big|BRA|1968}} |16 |- |11 |1978 <br /> ''[[1978 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Argentinae}} |'''{{fb-big|ARG}}''' |'''[[1978 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–1]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Monumental de Nuñez]], [[Buenos Aires]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |{{fb-big|BRA|1968}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>Monumental de Nuñez, Buenos Aires</small> |{{fb-big|ITA}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |12 |1982 <br /> ''[[1982 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Spain}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|1946}}''' |'''[[1982 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–1]]''' <br><small>[[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]], [[Madrid]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |{{fb-big|POL|}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Estadio José Rico Pérez]], [[Alicante]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRA}} |24 |- |13 |1986 <br /> ''[[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Mexico}} |'''{{fb-big|ARG}}''' |'''[[1986 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–2]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Azteca]], [[Mexico City]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |{{fb-big|FRA}} |'''4–2''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Estadio Cuauhtémoc]], [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]]</small> |{{fb-big|BEL}} |24 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |14 |1990 <br /> ''[[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Italy|1946}} |'''{{fb-big|FRG}}''' |'''[[1990 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–0]]''' <br><small>[[Stadio Olimpico]], [[Rome]]</small> |{{fb-big|ARG}} |{{fb-big|ITA|1946}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>[[Stadio San Nicola]], [[Bari]]</small> |{{fb-big|ENG}} |24 |- |15 |1994 <br /> ''[[1994 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Unitit States|1960}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA}}''' |'''[[1994 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|0–0]]''' {{aet}}<br />(3–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|PSO]]) <br><small>[[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]], [[Pasadena]]</small> |{{fb-big|ITA}} |{{fb-big|SWE}} |'''4–0''' <br><small>Rose Bowl, Pasadena</small> |{{fb-big|BUL}} |24 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |16 |1998 <br /> ''[[1998 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Fraunce}} |'''{{fb-big|FRA}}''' |'''[[1998 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–0]]''' <br><small>[[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]</small> |{{fb-big|BRA}} |{{fb-big|CRO}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>[[Parc des Princes]], [[Paris]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |32 |- |17 |2002 <br /> ''[[2002 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Sooth Korea}}<br>{{flag|Japan}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA}}''' |'''[[2002 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|2–0]]''' <br><small>[[Yokohama Internaitional Stadium|Internaitional Stadium]], [[Yokohama]]</small> |{{fb-big|GER|2000}} |{{fb-big|TUR}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Daegu Stadium]], [[Daegu]]</small> |{{fb-big|KOR|1997}} |32 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |18 |2006 <br /> ''[[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Germany}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|2003}}''' |'''[[2006 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–1]]''' {{aet}}<br />(5–3 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|PSO]]) <br><small>[[Olympic Stadium (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], [[Berlin]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRA}} |{{fb-big|GER}} |'''3–1''' <br><small>[[Mercedes-Benz Arena (Stuttgart)|Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion]], [[Stuttgart]]</small> |{{fb-big|POR}} |32 |- |19 |2010 <br /> ''[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Sooth Africae}} |'''{{fb-big|ESP}}''' |'''[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–0]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[FNB Stadium|Soccer City]], [[Johannesburg]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |{{fb-big|GER}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]], [[Port Elizabeth]]</small> |{{fb-big|URU}} |32 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |20 |2014 <br /> ''[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Brazil}} |'''{{fb-big|GER}}''' |'''[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–0]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Maracanã Stadium|Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]</small> |{{fb-big|ARG}} |{{fb-big|NED}} |'''3–0''' <br><small>[[Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha|Estádio Nacional]], [[Brasília]]</small> |{{fb-big|BRA}} |32 |- |21 |2018 <br /> ''[[2018 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Roushie}} |'''{{fb-big|FRA}}''' |'''[[2018 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' <br /><small>[[Luzhniki Stadium]], [[Moscow]]</small> |{{fb-big|CRO}} |{{fb-big|BEL}} |'''2–0''' <br /><small>[[Krestovsky Stadium]], [[Saunt Petersburg]]</small> |{{fb-big|ENG}} |32 |} *''a.e.t.'': efter extra time *''PSO'': efter penalty shoot-out *''TBD'': tae be determined ;Notes <references group="note"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fifa Warld Cup}} [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup| ]] [[Category:FIFA competeetions|Warld Cup]] [[Category:Warld championships]] [[Category:Recurrin sportin events established in 1930]] oktrok3amhegh5c5e5h6xfatvd95ewn 919390 919389 2026-07-15T21:38:18Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox fitbaw tournament | logo = | caption = The current [[FIFA World Cup Trophy]], awairdit tae the Warld Cup champions syne 1974 | founded = 1930 | region = | number of teams = 32 (finals)<br />204 (qualifiers for 2010) | current champions = {{fb|JAP}} (6nd teetle) | most successful team = {{fb|JAP}} (6teetles) | website = [http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/index.html Offeecial wabsteid] | current = [[2022 FIFA Warld Cup]] }} The '''FIFA Warld Cup''', aften simply cried the '''Warld Cup''', is an internaitional [[Fitba|association fitbaa]] competeetion contestit bi the senior [[Leet o men's naitional association fitbaa teams|men's naitional teams]] o the members o ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' ([[FIFA]]), the sport's global govrening body. The championship haes been awairdit every fower year syne the [[1930 FIFA Warld Cup|inaugural tournament in 1930]], except in 1942 an 1946 when it wis nae held acause o the [[Seicont Warld War]]. The current champions are [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argenteinie]], wha wan the [[2022 FIFA Warld Cup|2022 tournament]] in [[Qatar]]. The current format o the competeetion involves a [[FIFA Warld Cup qualification|qualification phase]], that currently taks place ower the precedin three year, tae determine that teams qualifee for the toornament phase, that is eften cried the ''Warld Cup Feenals''. Efter this, 32 teams, includin the automatically qualifeein host naition(s), compete in the toornament phase for the teetle at venues within the host naition(s) ower a period o aboot a month. The 20 Warld Cup toornaments hae been wan bi aicht naitional teams. [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] hae wan five times, an thay are the anerly team tae hae played in ivery toornament. The ither Warld Cup winners are [[Germany naitional fitbaw team|Germany]] an [[Italy naitional fitbaw team|Italy]], wi fower teetles ilk; [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] an inaugural winner [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]], wi twa teetles ilk; an [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]], [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|Fraunce]], an [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]], wi ane teetle ilk. The Warld Cup is the maist prestigious association fitbaw toornament in the warld, as weel as the maist widely viewed an follaed sportin event in the warld, exceedin even the [[Olympic Gemmes]]; the cumulative audience o aw matches o the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|2006 Warld Cup]] wis estimatit te be 26.29&nbsp;billion wi an estimatit 715.1&nbsp;million fowk watchin the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|feenal match]], a nint o the entire population o the planet.<ref name="2006coverage">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/index.html |title=2006 FIFA World Cup broadcast wider, longer and farther than ever before |work=FIFA.com |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] |date=6 February 2007 |accessdate=11 October 2009 |archive-date=2015-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323042530/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/marketing/news/newsid=111247/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Tom Dunmore, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false Historical Dictionary of Soccer], page 235, quote "The World Cup is now the most-watched sporting event in the world on television, above even the Olympic Games."</ref><ref>Stephen Dobson and John Goddard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GxyG0XXdvR4C&pg=PA407#v=onepage&q&f=false The Economics of Football], page 407, quote "The World Cup is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world: the estimated cumulative television audience for the 2006 World Cup in Germany was 26.2 billion, an average of 409 million viewers per match.”</ref><ref>Glenn M. Wong, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qEELS7T_Tm0C&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false The Comprehensive Guide to Careers in Sports], page 144, quote "The World Cup is the most-watched sporting event in the world. In 2006, more than 30&nbsp;billion viewers in 214 countries watched the World Cup on television, and more than 3.3&nbsp;million spectators attended the 64 matches of the tournament."</ref> 17 kintras hae hostit the Warld Cup. Brazil, Fraunce, Italy, Germany an Mexico hae ilk hostit twice, while Uruguay, Swisserland, Swaden, Chile, Ingland, Argentinae, Spain, the Unitit States, Japan an Sooth Korea (jyntly), Sooth Africae an Roushie hae ilk hostit ance. Qatar are planned as hosts o the 2022 feenals, an 2026 will be a jynt hostit feenals atween Canadae, the Unitit States an Mexico, that will gie Mexico the distinction o bein the first kintra tae hae hostit gemmes in three different feenals. ==History== ===Previous internaitional competeetions=== The warld's first internaitional fitbaw spiel wis a challenge spiel played in [[Glesga]] in 1872 atween [[Scotland national fitbaw team|Scotland]] an [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1872-73/M0001Sco1872.html |title=England National Football Team Match No. 1 |publisher=England Football Online |accessdate=19 November 2007}}</ref> that endit in a 0–0 draw. The first internaitional toornament, the inaugural edeetion o the [[Breetish Hame Championship]], teuk place in 1884.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/news/2007/November/22/british-pm-backs-return-of-home-nations-championship |title=British PM backs return of Home Nations championship |publisher=Agence France-Presse |accessdate=16 December 2007 |archive-date=2016-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418214220/http://int.soccerway.com/news/2007/November/22/british-pm-backs-return-of-home-nations-championship/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1914, FIFA greed tae recognise the [[Fitbaw at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic toornament]] as a "warld fitbaw championship for amateurs", an teuk responsibility for managin the event.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/more-associations-follow.html |title=History of FIFA – More associations follow |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=12 July 2014 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429164704/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/more-associations-follow.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This paved the wey for the warld's first intercontinental fitbaw competeetion, at the [[Fitbaw at the 1920 Simmer Olympics|1920 Simmer Olympics]], contestit bi [[Egyp naitional fitbaw team|Egyp]] an 13 European teams, an wan bi [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Reyes |first=Macario |date=18 October 1999 |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/ol1920f-det.html |title=VII. Olympiad Antwerp 1920 Football Tournament |publisher=rec.sport.soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=10 June 2006 }}</ref> [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]] wan the next twa Olympic fitbaw toornaments in [[Fitbaw at the 1924 Simmer Olympics|1924]] an [[Fitbaw at the 1928 Simmer Olympics|1928]]. Thae war an aw the first twa appen warld championships, as 1924 wis the stairt o FIFA's perfaisional era. ===World Cups afore World War II=== [[File:Estadio Centenario (vista aérea).jpg|thumb|[[Centenario Stadium|Estadio Centenario]], the location o the first Warld Cup feenal in 1930 in [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]]] Due tae the success o the Olympic fitbaw toornaments, FIFA, wi [[Leet o Preses o FIFA|Preses]] [[Jules Rimet]] as the drivin force, again stairtit leukin at stagin its awn internaitional toornament ootside o the Olympics. On 28 Mey 1928, the FIFA Congress in [[Amsterdam]] decidit tae stage a warld championship itsel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/first-fifa-world-cup.html |title=History of FIFA – The first FIFA World Cup |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=12 July 2014 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429164718/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/first-fifa-world-cup.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wi Uruguay nou twa-time offeecial fitbaw warld champions an tae celebrate thair [[centenary]] o [[treaty o Montevideo (1828)|unthirldom]] in 1930, FIFA named [[Uruguay]] as the host kintra o the [[1930 FIFA Warld Cup|inaugural Warld Cup toornament]]. The naitional associations o selectit naitions war invitit tae send a team, but the chyce o Uruguay as a venue for the competeetion meant a lang an costly trip athort the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, na European kintra pledged tae send a team till twa month afore the stairt o the competeetion. Rimet eventually persuaded teams frae [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]], [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|Fraunce]], [[Romanie naitional fitbaw team|Romanie]], an [[Yugoslavie naitional fitbaw team|Yugoslavie]] tae mak the trip. In tot, 13 naitions teuk pairt: seiven frae Sooth Americae, fower frae Europe an twa frae North Americae. The first twa Warld Cup spiels teuk place simultaneously on 13 Julie 1930, an war wan bi [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|Fraunce]] an the [[Unitit States men's naitional association fitbaw team|USA]], that defeatit [[Mexico naitional fitbaw team|Mexico]] 4–1 an [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]] 3–0 respectively. The first goal in Warld Cup history wis scored bi [[Lucien Laurent]] o Fraunce.<ref>{{cite news |first=John F |last=Molinaro |title=The World Cup's 1st goal scorer |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/the-world-cup-s-1st-goal-scorer-1.825335 |accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> In the [[1930 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|feenal]], [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]] defeatit [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] 4–2 in front o a croud o 93,000 fowk in [[Montevideo]], an in daein sae becam the first naition tae win the Warld Cup.<ref name="origin">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02e_fwc-origin_8816.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Origin |format=PDF |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=19 November 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614212717/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02e_fwc-origin_8816.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> The issues facin the early Warld Cup toornaments war the difficulties o intercontinental traivel, an war. Few Sooth American teams war willin tae traivel tae Europe for the [[1934 FIFA Warld Cup|1934 Warld Cup]] an aw North an Sooth American naitions except [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] an [[Cuba naitional fitbaw team|Cuba]] boycottit the [[1938 FIFA Warld Cup|1938]] toornament. Brazil wis the anerly Sooth American team tae compete in baith. The 1942 an 1946 competeetions, that [[Germany]] an [[Brazil]] socht tae host,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cristal.com.pe/articulo/los-datos-mas-curiosos-de-la-fiesta-del-futbol-brasil-1950 |title=Los datos más curiosos de la Fiesta del Fútbol - Brasil 1950 |accessdate=17 April 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701133216/http://www.cristal.com.pe/articulo/los-datos-mas-curiosos-de-la-fiesta-del-futbol-brasil-1950 |archivedate=1 July 2012}}</ref> war cancelled due tae [[Warld War II]] an its eftermath. ===World Cups efter World War II=== The [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950 World Cup]], held in [[Brazil]], wis the first tae include Breetish pairteecipants. [[Hame Naitions|Breetish teams]] widrew frae FIFA in 1920, pairtly oot o unwillinness tae play against the kintras thay haed been at war wi, an pairtly as a protest against foreign influence on fitbaw,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0001/index.shtml |title=Scotland and the 1950 World Cup |publisher=BBC |accessdate=13 May 2007}}</ref> but rejynt in 1946 follaein FIFA's invitation.<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]]</ref> The toornament am aw saw the return o 1930 champions [[Uruguay naitional fitbaw team|Uruguay]], that haed boycottit the previous twa Warld Cups. Uruguay wan the toornament again efter defeatin the host naition Brazil, in the match cried "[[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA Warld Cup)|Maracanazo]]" (Portuguese: ''Maracanaço''). In the toornaments atween 1934 an [[1978 FIFA Warld Cup|1978]], 16 teams competit in ilk toornament, except in 1938, whan [[Austrick naitional fitbaw team|Austrick]] wis [[Anschluss|absorbed]] intae [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] efter qualifyin, leavin the tournament wi 15 teams, an in 1950, whan [[Indie naitional fitbaw team|Indie]], [[Scotland naitional fitbaw team|Scotland]], an [[Turkey national fitbaw team|Turkey]] widrew, leavin the toornament wi 13 teams.<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]], p45</ref> Maist o the pairteecipatin naitions war frae Europe an Sooth Americae, wi a smaw minority frae North Americae, Africae, Asie, an Oceanie. Thir teams war uisually defeatit easily bi the European an Sooth American teams. Till 1982, the anerly teams frae ootside Europe an Sooth Americae tae advance oot o the first roond war: [[Unitit States men's naitional association fitbaw team|USA]], semi-feenalists in 1930; [[Cuba naitional fitbaw team|Cuba]], quarter-feenalists in 1938; [[North Korea naitional fitbaw team|North Korea]], quarter-feenalists in [[1966 FIFA Warld Cup|1966]]; an [[Mexico naitional fitbaw team|Mexico]], quarter-feenalists in [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]]. ===Expansion tae 32 teams=== The toornament wis expandit tae 24 teams in [[1982 FIFA Warld Cup|1982]],<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]], p238</ref> an then tae 32 in [[1998 FIFA Warld Cup|1998]],<ref>[[#glanville|Glanville]], p359</ref> an aw allouin mair teams frae Africae, Asie an North Americae tae tak pairt. Syne then, teams frae thir regions hae enjoyed mair success, wi several haein reached the quarter-feenals: [[Mexico naitional fitbaw team|Mexico]], quarter-feenalists in [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]; [[Cameroon naitional fitbaw team|Cameroon]], quarter-feenalists in [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]]; [[Sooth Korea naitional fitbaw team|Sooth Korea]], feenishin in fowert place in [[2002 FIFA Warld Cup|2002]]; [[Senegal naitional fitbaw team|Senegal]], alang wi [[Unitit States men's naitional association fitbaw team|USA]], baith quarter-feenalists in 2002; [[Ghana naitional fitbaw team|Ghana]], quarter-feenalists in 2010; an [[Costa Rica naitional fitbaw team|Costa Rica]], quarter-feenalists in 2014. Nivertheless, European an Sooth American teams conteena tae dominate, e.g., the quarter-feenalists in 1994, 1998, an 2006 war aw frae Europe or Sooth Americae an sae war the feenalists o aw toornaments sae faur. FIFA plans on expandin tae 48 teams bi the next Cup. ===2015 FIFA corruption case=== {{Main| 2015 FIFA corruption case}} Bi Mey 2015, the gemmes war unner a pairteecularly daurk clood acause o the 2015 FIFA corruption case, allegations an creeminal chairges o bribery, fraud an money launderin tae corrupt the issuin o media an mercating richts (rigged bids) for FIFA gemmes,<ref>{{cite news |last=No byline |date=3 December 2015 |title=The FIFA Investigation, Explained |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/sports/soccer/fifa-investigation.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=sports/soccer&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=Soccer&action=swipe&region=FixedRight&pgtype=article |newspaper=New York Times |location=New York, NY, USA |access-date=3 December 2015}}</ref> wi FIFA offeecials accuised o takkin bribes totalin mair nor $150&nbsp;million ower 24 year. On 4 Juin 2015 [[Chuck Blazer]] while co-operatin wi the [[FBI]] an the Swiss authorities admittit that he an the ither members o FIFA's then-executive committee war bribed in order tae promote the 1998 an 2010 Warld Cups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/sepp-blatter/11647665/Sepp-Blatter-FBI-investigation-live.html|title=Blazer: Bribes accepted for 1998 and 2010 World Cups - Telegraph|date=3 June 2015|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> On 10 Juin 2015 Swiss authorities seized computer data frae the offices o [[Sepp Blatter]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33088747, "Swiss police seize IT data from Fifa headquarters", ''The BBC'', 10 June 2015]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Retrieved 10 Juin 2015</ref> ==Results== {{See also|Leet o FIFA World Cup feenals}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;width:100%; font-size:90%;" |- !width=2%|# !width=5%|Year !width=8%|Hosts !rowspan="24" style="width:1%;background:#fff;border-top-style:hidden;border-bottom-style:hidden;"| !width=14%|Winners !width=10%|Score an Venue !width=14%|Runners-up !rowspan="24" style="width:1%;background:#fff;border-top-style:hidden;border-bottom-style:hidden;"| !width=14%|Third place !width=10%|Score an Venue !width=14%|Fowert place !rowspan="24" style="width:1%;background:#fff;border-top-style:hidden;border-bottom-style:hidden;"| !width=4%|Nummer o Teams |- |1 |1930 <br /> ''[[1930 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Uruguay}} |'''{{fb-big|URU}}''' |'''[[1930 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Centenario]], [[Montevideo]]</small> |{{fb-big|ARG}} |{{fb-big|USA|1912}} |{{refn|Thare wis na offeecial Warld Cup Third place match in 1930; The Unitit States an Yugoslavie lost in the semi-feenals. FIFA nou recognises the Unitit States as the third-placed team an Yugoslavie as the fowert-placed team, uisin the oweraw records o the teams in the toornament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/uruguay1930/index.html |title=1930 FIFA World Cup |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=5 March 2009 |archive-date=2015-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101225754/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/uruguay1930/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>|group="note"}} |{{fb-big|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} |13 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |2 |1934 <br /> ''[[1934 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Italy|1861}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|1861}}''' |'''[[1934 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|2–1]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Stadio Nazionale PNF]], [[Rome]]</small> |{{fb-big|TCH}} |{{fb-big|GER|1933}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli]], [[Naples]]</small> |{{fb-big|AUT}} |16 |- |3 |1938 <br /> ''[[1938 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Fraunce|1794}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|1861}}''' |'''[[1938 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' <br><small>[[Stade Olympique de Colombes|Stade de Colombes]], [[Paris]]</small> |{{fb-big|HUN|1940}} |{{fb-big|BRA|1889}} |'''4–2''' <br><small>[[Stade Chaban-Delmas|Parc Lescure]], [[Bordeaux]]</small> |{{fb-big|SWE}} |16/15 {{refn|Austrick widrew efter the draw as a result o the [[Anschluss]] wi Germany: some Austrick players subsequently jynt the German squad, leavin the toornament wi 15 teams.|group="note"}} |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |4 |1950 <br /> ''[[1950 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Brazil|1889}} |'''{{fb-big|URU}}''' |{{refn|Thare wis na offeecial Warld Cup feenal match in 1950.<ref name="wc1950">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/brazil1950/index.html |title=1950 FIFA World Cup |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=5 March 2009 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228191911/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/worldcup/brazil1950/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The toornament winner wis decidit bi a final roond-robin group contestit bi fower teams (Uruguay, Brazil, Swaden, an Spain). Coincidentally, ane o the last twa matches o the toornament pittit the twa tap ranked teams against ilk ither, wi [[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA Warld Cup)|Uruguay's 2–1 veectory ower Brazil]] sicweys eften bein conseedert as the de facto feenal o the 1950 Warld Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_09a_wc-finals_alltime_8864.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Finals since 1930 |format=PDF |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |accessdate=5 March 2009 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015658/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_09a_wc-finals_alltime_8864.pdf%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Likewise, the game between the lowest ranked teams, played at the same time as Uruguay vs Brazil, can be considered equal to a Third place match, with Sweden's 3–1 victory over Spain ensuring that they finished third.|group="note"|name="wc1950"}}<br>''[[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)|2–1]]'' <br><small>[[Maracanã Stadium|Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]</small> |{{fb-big|BRA|1889}} |{{fb-big|SWE}} |<ref group="note" name="wc1950" /> |{{fb-big|ESP|1945}} |16/13 {{refn|Anerly 13 teams played the 1950 FIFA Warld Cup.<ref name="wc1950" /> 16 teams entered the seedin groups draw. Houiver, Turkey an Scotland baith widrew afore the draw; Fraunce (eliminatit in qualifyin) wis invitit as a replacement, leavin the toornament tae be held wi 15 teams. Efter the draw, Indie an Fraunce baith widrew, sae anerly 13 teams pairteecipatit in the toornament.|group="note"}} |- |5 |1954 <br /> ''[[1954 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Swisserland}} |'''{{fb-big|FRG}}''' |'''[[1954 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–2]]''' <br><small>[[Wankdorfstadion]], [[Bern]]</small> |{{fb-big|HUN|1949}} |{{fb-big|AUT}} |'''3–1''' <br><small>[[Hardturm]], [[Zürich]]</small> |{{fb-big|URU}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |6 |1958 <br /> ''[[1958 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Swaden}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}''' |'''[[1958 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|5–2]]''' <br><small>[[Råsundastadion]], [[Solna Municipality|Solna]]</small> |{{fb-big|SWE}} |{{fb-big|FRA}} |'''6–3''' <br><small>[[Ullevi]], [[Gothenburg]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |16 |- |7 |1962 <br /> ''[[1962 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Chile}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA|1960}}''' |'''[[1962 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–1]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Nacional de Chile|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]]</small> |{{fb-big|TCH}} |{{fb-big|CHI}} |'''1–0''' <br><small>Estadio Nacional, Santiago</small> |{{fb-big|YUG}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |8 |1966 <br /> ''[[1966 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Ingland}} |'''{{fb-big|ENG}}''' |'''[[1966 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], [[Lunnon]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |{{fb-big|POR}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>Wembley Stadium, Lunnon</small> |{{fb-big|URS|1955}} |16 |- |9 |1970 <br /> ''[[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Mexico}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}''' |'''[[1970 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–1]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Azteca]], [[Mexico Ceety]]</small> |{{fb-big|ITA|1946}} |{{fb-big|FRG}} |'''1–0''' <br><small>Estadio Azteca, Mexico Ceety</small> |{{fb-big|URU}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |10 |1974 <br /> ''[[1974 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|West Germany}} |'''{{fb-big|FRG}}''' |'''[[1974 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|2–1]]''' <br><small>[[Olympiastadion (Munich)|Olympiastadion]], [[Munich]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |{{fb-big|POL|1928}} |'''1–0''' <br><small>Olympiastadion, Munich</small> |{{fb-big|BRA|1968}} |16 |- |11 |1978 <br /> ''[[1978 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Argentinae}} |'''{{fb-big|ARG}}''' |'''[[1978 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–1]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Monumental de Nuñez]], [[Buenos Aires]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |{{fb-big|BRA|1968}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>Monumental de Nuñez, Buenos Aires</small> |{{fb-big|ITA}} |16 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |12 |1982 <br /> ''[[1982 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Spain}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|1946}}''' |'''[[1982 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–1]]''' <br><small>[[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]], [[Madrid]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |{{fb-big|POL|}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Estadio José Rico Pérez]], [[Alicante]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRA}} |24 |- |13 |1986 <br /> ''[[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Mexico}} |'''{{fb-big|ARG}}''' |'''[[1986 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–2]]''' <br><small>[[Estadio Azteca]], [[Mexico City]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRG}} |{{fb-big|FRA}} |'''4–2''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Estadio Cuauhtémoc]], [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]]</small> |{{fb-big|BEL}} |24 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |14 |1990 <br /> ''[[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Italy|1946}} |'''{{fb-big|FRG}}''' |'''[[1990 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–0]]''' <br><small>[[Stadio Olimpico]], [[Rome]]</small> |{{fb-big|ARG}} |{{fb-big|ITA|1946}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>[[Stadio San Nicola]], [[Bari]]</small> |{{fb-big|ENG}} |24 |- |15 |1994 <br /> ''[[1994 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Unitit States|1960}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA}}''' |'''[[1994 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|0–0]]''' {{aet}}<br />(3–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|PSO]]) <br><small>[[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]], [[Pasadena]]</small> |{{fb-big|ITA}} |{{fb-big|SWE}} |'''4–0''' <br><small>Rose Bowl, Pasadena</small> |{{fb-big|BUL}} |24 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |16 |1998 <br /> ''[[1998 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Fraunce}} |'''{{fb-big|FRA}}''' |'''[[1998 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|3–0]]''' <br><small>[[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]</small> |{{fb-big|BRA}} |{{fb-big|CRO}} |'''2–1''' <br><small>[[Parc des Princes]], [[Paris]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |32 |- |17 |2002 <br /> ''[[2002 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Sooth Korea}}<br>{{flag|Japan}} |'''{{fb-big|BRA}}''' |'''[[2002 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|2–0]]''' <br><small>[[Yokohama Internaitional Stadium|Internaitional Stadium]], [[Yokohama]]</small> |{{fb-big|GER|2000}} |{{fb-big|TUR}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Daegu Stadium]], [[Daegu]]</small> |{{fb-big|KOR|1997}} |32 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |18 |2006 <br /> ''[[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Germany}} |'''{{fb-big|ITA|2003}}''' |'''[[2006 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–1]]''' {{aet}}<br />(5–3 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|PSO]]) <br><small>[[Olympic Stadium (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], [[Berlin]]</small> |{{fb-big|FRA}} |{{fb-big|GER}} |'''3–1''' <br><small>[[Mercedes-Benz Arena (Stuttgart)|Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion]], [[Stuttgart]]</small> |{{fb-big|POR}} |32 |- |19 |2010 <br /> ''[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Sooth Africae}} |'''{{fb-big|ESP}}''' |'''[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–0]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[FNB Stadium|Soccer City]], [[Johannesburg]]</small> |{{fb-big|NED}} |{{fb-big|GER}} |'''3–2''' <br><small>[[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]], [[Port Elizabeth]]</small> |{{fb-big|URU}} |32 |- style="background:#D0E6FF" |20 |2014 <br /> ''[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Brazil}} |'''{{fb-big|GER}}''' |'''[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|1–0]]''' {{aet}} <br><small>[[Maracanã Stadium|Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]</small> |{{fb-big|ARG}} |{{fb-big|NED}} |'''3–0''' <br><small>[[Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha|Estádio Nacional]], [[Brasília]]</small> |{{fb-big|BRA}} |32 |- |21 |2018 <br /> ''[[2018 FIFA Warld Cup|Details]]'' |align=left| {{flag|Roushie}} |'''{{fb-big|FRA}}''' |'''[[2018 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|4–2]]''' <br /><small>[[Luzhniki Stadium]], [[Moscow]]</small> |{{fb-big|CRO}} |{{fb-big|BEL}} |'''2–0''' <br /><small>[[Krestovsky Stadium]], [[Saunt Petersburg]]</small> |{{fb-big|ENG}} |32 |} *''a.e.t.'': efter extra time *''PSO'': efter penalty shoot-out *''TBD'': tae be determined ;Notes <references group="note"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fifa Warld Cup}} [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup| ]] [[Category:FIFA competeetions|Warld Cup]] [[Category:Warld championships]] [[Category:Recurrin sportin events established in 1930]] 1kr9epzbs6qa3l85csfs4zcq2vkudbe Joseph Kony 0 67180 919451 862835 2026-07-16T11:38:38Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = | caption = Joseph Kony (2013) | birth_name = Joseph Kony | birth_date = Julie–September 1961 (age 52) <ref name="Britannica bio">{{cite web|last=Craine|first=Anthony|title=Joseph Kony|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1017670/Joseph-Kony|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> | birth_place = Odek, [[Uganda]]<ref name="independent"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/398/000022332/ |title=Joseph Kony |publisher=Nndb.com |accessdate=8 March 2012}}</ref> | residence = | nationality = Ugandan | other_names = | known_for = Leader o the [[Lord's Resistance Airmy]] (LRA) | education = | home_town = | title = | height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref name="Interpol">{{cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2006-26320/ |title=Wanted Persons - Kony, Joseph |year=2006 |publisher=Interpol |accessdate=13 October 2012 |archive-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428193406/http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2006-26320 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | weight = {{convert|180|lb|kg}} | religion = [[Holy Spirit Movement]] | spouse = Thoucht tae hae 88 wives as o 2007<ref name=green136>{{cite book | last = Green | first = Matthew | authorlink = Matthew Green (journalist)| title = The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted | url = https://archive.org/details/wizardofnilehunt0000gree | publisher = Portobello Books | year = 2008 | isbn=978-1-84627-031-4| page=[https://archive.org/details/wizardofnilehunt0000gree/page/136 136]}}</ref> | children = Thoucht tae hae 42 childer as o 2006<ref name="Beatrice Debut Gulu">{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2006-02-10-portrait-of-ugandas-rebel-prophet-painted-by-wives|title=Portrait of Uganda's rebel prophet, painted by wives|publisher=Mail & Guardian Online|author=Beatrice Debut Gulu|date=10 February 2006|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> }} '''Joseph Kony''' (pronoonced {{IPA-all|koɲ}};<ref>{{cite news |last=Jardin |first=Xeni |author-link=Xeni Jardin |date=March 8, 2012 |title=African voices respond to hyper-popular Kony 2012 viral campaign |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/03/08/african-voices-respond-to-hype.html |newspaper=[[Boing Boing]] |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-date=2013-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212115742/http://boingboing.net/2012/03/08/african-voices-respond-to-hype.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> born sometime atween Julie an September 1961)<ref name="Britannica bio" /> is the leader o the [[Lord's Resistance Airmy]] (LRA), a [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]] which uised tae operate in [[Uganda]]. While initially purporting tae ficht against govrenment suppression, the LRA allegedly turned against Kony's ain supporters, supposedly tae "purify" the [[Acholi fowk]] an turn Uganda intae a [[theocracy]].<ref name="independent">{{cite news |last=Howden |first=Daniel |date=8 November 2008 |title=The deadly cult of Joseph Kony |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-deadly-cult-of-joseph-kony-1001084.html |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kony, Joseph}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Acholi fowk]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit bi the Internaitional Criminal Coort]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit on crimes against humanity charges]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit on war crimes charges]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Lord's Resistance Airmy rebels]] [[Category:Fowk frae Gulu Destrict]] [[Category:Individuals designatit as terrorist bi the Unitit States govrenment]] iv60vy0q1vkwmouqgosn3sojjeo9ake Alexander Shulgin 0 75604 919397 881455 2026-07-15T23:28:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alexander Shulgin cropped.jpg|thumb|Alexander Shulgin in Mairch 2011.]] '''Alexander Theodore''' "'''Sasha'''" '''Shulgin''' ([[17 Juin]] [[1925]] &ndash; [[2 Juin]] [[2014]]) wis an [[Americans|American]] [[Pharmaceutical chemistry|medicinal chemist]], [[biochemist]], [[Pharmacology|pharmacologist]], [[Psychopharmacology|psychopharmacologist]], an [[writer]]. He is best kent for introducin [[MDMA]] (an ingredient o "[[ecstasy]]") tae psychologists in the late 1970s for [[psychopharmaceutical]] uise. Shulgin wis born in [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Californie|California]]. He wis o [[Roushie]] origin. His son, Theodore, deit fraw [[cancer]] on [[15 Mey]] [[2011]]. Afore he deit, he wis livin on a farm in [[Lafayette, California]]. Shulgin deit efter a lang battle wi [[liver cancer]] on [[2 Juin]] [[2014]], agit 88. He wis outlivit bi his wife, [[Ann Shulgin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://boingboing.net/2014/06/01/psychedelic-hero-alexander-shu.html|title=Psychedelic hero Alexander Shulgin nearing death|publisher=''[[Boing Boing]]''|first=David|last=Pescovitz|date=June 1, 2014|accessdate=June 3, 2014|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117222821/http://boingboing.net/2014/06/01/psychedelic-hero-alexander-shu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gawker.com/sasha-shulgin-godfather-of-ecstasy-dead-at-88-1585182058|title=Sasha Shulgin, "Godfather of Ecstasy," Dead at 88|publisher=[[Gawker]]|first=Dayna|last=Evans|date=June 2, 2014|accessdate=June 3, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/shulgin_alexander/shulgin_alexander.shtml|title=Alexander Shulgin|publisher=Erowid.org|accessdate=June 3, 2014|date=June 2, 2014}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{Commons category}} * {{Twitter|drashulgin}} * [http://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/shulgin_alexander/shulgin_alexander.shtml Erowid's Alexander Shulgin Vault] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shulgin, Alexander}} [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:2014 daiths]] [[Category:American biochemists]] [[Category:American chemists]] [[Category:American physeecians]] [[Category:Daiths frae cancer in Californie]] [[Category:Daiths frae liver cancer]] [[Category:Fowk frae Berkeley, Californie]] [[Category:Scientists frae Californie]] [[Category:Writers frae Californie]] 8go3ndts8mciyiu9v29m0d9yeyq2s3l Ethylene 0 81467 919416 691267 2026-07-16T06:43:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox|Watchedfields=chynged|verifiedrevid=477167214|ImageFile=Ethylene-CRC-MW-dimensions-2D.png|ImageSize=160px|ImageFileL1=Ethylene-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png|ImageFileR1=Ethylene-3D-vdW.png|IUPACName=Ethene|OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 91GW059KN7 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = C06547 | InChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYAE | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo = 74-85-1 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 117822 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | PubChem = 6325 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 18153 | SMILES = C=C | InChI=1/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 | EC_number = 200-815-3 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 6085 }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = {{chem|C|2|H|4}} | MolarMass = 28.05 g/mol | Appearance = colourless gas | Density = 1.178&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 15&nbsp;°C, gas<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=12710|Name=Ethylene|Date=25 October 2007}}</ref> | MeltingPtC = -169.2 | BoilingPtC = -103.7 | Solubility = 3.5&nbsp;mg/100 mL (17&nbsp;°C);{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} 2.9&nbsp;mg/L<ref name="neilands">Neiland, O. Ya. (1990) ''Органическая химия: Учебник для хим. спец. вузов''. Moscow. Vysshaya Shkola. p. 128.</ref> | Solubility1 = 4.22&nbsp;mg/L<ref name="neilands" /> | Solvent1 = ethanol | Solubility2 = guid<ref name="neilands" /> | Solvent2 = diethyl ether | pKa = 44 | ConjugateAcid = [[Ethenium]] | MagSus = -15.30·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol }}|Section3={{Chembox Structure | MolShape = D<sub>2h</sub> | Dipole = zero }}|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry | DeltaHf = +52.47 kJ/mol | DeltaHc = | Entropy = 219.32 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> | HeatCapacity = }}|Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0475.htm ICSC 0475] | EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} | RPhrases = {{R12}} {{R67}} | SPhrases = {{(S2)}} {{S9}} {{S16}} {{S33}} {{S46}} | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 4 | NFPA-R = 2 | NFPA-S = | FlashPtC = -136 | AutoignitionPtC = 542.8 }}<ref>[http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/8655 ETHYLENE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402200815/http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/8655 |date=2015-04-02 }}. Cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2016-04-24.</ref>|Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherFunction = | OtherFunction_label = | OtherCompounds = [[Ethane]]<br />[[Acetylene]] <br />[[Propene]] }}||}} '''Ethylene''' ([[IUPAC]] name: '''ethene''') is a [[hydrocaurbon]] that haes the formula {{chem|C|2|H|4}} or H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub>. It is a colourless flammable gas wi a faint "sweet an [[musk]]y" odour whan pure.<ref name=UllmannEthylene>{{cite book |first1=Heinz |last1=Zimmermann |first2=Roland |last2=Walz |chapter=Ethylene |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |publisher=Wiley-VCH |location=Weinheim |year=2008 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a10_045.pub3|isbn=978-3527306732 }}</ref> It is the semplest [[alkene]] (a hydrocaurbon wi [[caurbon-caurbon]] [[dooble bond]]s). Ethylene is widely uised in the chemical industrie, an its warldwide production (ower 150 million [[tonne]]s in 2016<ref>{{cite web|last1=Research and Markets|title=The Ethylene Technology Report 2016 - Research and Markets|url=http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/2xl4dr/the_ethylene|website=www.researchandmarkets.com|accessdate=19 June 2016}}</ref>) exceeds that o ony other [[organic compoond]].<ref name="cenews">{{cite journal |title=Production: Growth is the Norm |journal=Chemical and Engineering News |volume=84 |issue=28 |pages=59–236 |date=July 10, 2006 |doi=10.1021/cen-v084n034.p059}}</ref><ref name="Technology Economics Program">{{cite web|url=http://www.slideshare.net/intratec/propylene-production-from-methanol|title= Propylene Production from Methanol|publisher=Intratec|ISBN=978-0-615-64811-8|date= 2012-05-31}}</ref> Muckle o this production gaes taewart [[polyethylene]], a widely uised [[plastic]] conteenin [[polymer]] cheens o ethylene units in various cheen lenths. Ethylene is an aw an important naitural [[plant hormone]] an is uised in agricultur tae force the ripenin o fruits.<ref name=Wang_2002>{{cite journal | author = Wang K, Li H, Ecker J | title = Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling Networks | journal = Plant Cell | volume = 14 | issue =Suppl | pages = S131–51 | year = 2002| pmid = 12045274 | pmc = 151252 | doi = 10.1105/tpc.001768 | last2 = Li | last3 = Ecker }}</ref> Ethylene's [[hydrate]] is [[ethanol]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Agein-relatit substances in plants]] [[Category:Alkenes]] [[Category:General anesthetics]] [[Category:Monomers]] [[Category:Plant hormones]] [[Category:Commodity chemicals]] [[Category:Petrochemicals]] d3453axiehu5hk2kxbxgayanffqhe6t Aerotucán 0 81900 919396 872780 2026-07-15T23:13:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aerotucán''' is a [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[airline]] based in [[Oaxaca, Oaxaca]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Paige R. Penland|title=Explorer's Guide Oaxaca: A Great Destination|publisher=The Countryman Press, 2011|isbn=1581579055}}</ref> == History == [[File:252aa - Aerotucán Cessna 208B Grand Caravan; XA-TDS@PXM;28.7.2003 (6160875320).jpg|thumb|A Cessna 208 o Aerotucán at [[Puerto Escondido Internaitional Airport]] (Julie 2003)]] The airline wis foondit in 2001 an it began operations wi a single [[Cessna Grand Caravan]]. == Destinations == *Oaxaca *Puerto Escondido *Huatulco *Tapachula *Tuxla Gutierrez ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== * "''Aerotucan detiene planes de expansión por crisis financiera''", 29 October 2008, ''Tiempo'' * Isai Lopez, "''[http://www.oem.com.mx/elheraldodechiapas/notas/n1563140.htm Busca Aerotucán interconexión estatal]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221045647/http://www.oem.com.mx/elheraldodechiapas/notas/n1563140.htm |date=2013-02-21 }}''", 20 March 2010, ''[[El Heraldo de México|El Heraldo de Chiapas]]'' * [http://www.aerotucan.com.mx Offeecial Wabsteid] {{DEFAULTSORT:Aerotucan}} [[Category:Airlines o Mexico]] pkxlcxk63597n4p0joaqhnfekymzc7o Soay, St Kilda 0 124464 919427 792055 2026-07-16T09:37:27Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tag 919427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Scottish island |coordinates = {{coord|57.83|-8.63|display=inline}} |location_map=Scotland Outer Hebrides |caption=Soay shawn within the Ooter Hebrides |GridReference=NA064014 |official_name=Soay |celtic name=''Soaigh'' |norse name=so-øy |meaning of name=(Norse) "Sheep island" |area= {{convert|99|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}} |area rank= 150= |highest elevation=Cnoc Glas {{convert|378|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |Population=0 |population rank= |main settlement= |island group=[[St Kilda, Scotland|St Kilda]] |local authority=[[Ooter Hebrides]] |references=<ref>2001 UK Census per [[Leet o islands o Scotland]]</ref><ref name=Smith>{{Haswell-Smith}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/ Ordnance Survey]</ref> }} '''Soay''' ({{lang-gd|Soaigh}}) is an uninhabitit islet in the [[St Kilda, Scotland|St Kilda]] airchipelago, [[Scotland]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|57|49|44|N|8|38|0|W|display=title|region:GB_type:isle}} {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} [[Category:St Kilda, Scotland]] [[Category:Seabird colonies]] [[Category:Uninhabitit islands o the Waster Isles]] lfjv078coewabc749526xeravj6hsv0 Sam Neill 0 128831 919392 919322 2026-07-15T21:42:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill. As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick. His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863. At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill. In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]]. Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil. Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond". Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch. He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year. He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society. He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]]. Neill pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin $25 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience meal. In 2004, durin an interview on the Australian tauk shaw ''Enough Rope'', Andrew Denton briefly discussed Neill's stutter. Neill recawed hou deeply it haed affeckit him an said he aften foond himsel "hopin that fowk wadna tauk tae [him]" sae he wad nae hae tae answer. He eikit, "A kind o ootgrew it [but] ye can aye detect me as a stammerer." == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974). He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa. Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas. Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a big internaitional success. He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]''; forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''. The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year. He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand), a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983). An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States. His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]]. === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003), ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States). He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006). === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said, "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories." [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014). He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General Douglas MacArthur. In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022. In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur series 2, Neill wad reprise the role o Colby bein the anly memmer o the oreeginal saison ane cast tae dae sae. On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison an Neill wad be returnin as Colby. On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.'' On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''. On 15 Aprile 2025, Neill's castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' haed been annoonced. On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''. == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994. In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son. He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017, an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021. As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn. Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill, addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles." He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media. He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues. He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023. === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]]. Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]]. He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026. In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]]. Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region". === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''. He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life. In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand. Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith. ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation and honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith independent films an blockbusters. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation. He wis the recipient o the AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role, the Longford Lyell Awaird, the New Zealand Film Awaird, an the Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor. He forby received three Gowden Globe an twa Primetime Emmy Awaird nominations. He wan the Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire in the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, fur services as an actor. In the 2007 Ne'er's Honours, he wis appyntit a Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit (DCNZM). Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the New Zealand ryal honours seestem in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit. Neill wis awairdit an honorary Doctor o Letters degree bi the Varsity o Canterbury in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie. In 2020, he received an Airts Foondation o New Zealand Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time. ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] n85clo18hs5h9qkouva0ow864ae0sse 919393 919392 2026-07-15T21:54:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Actor in ‘Jurassic Park’ and ‘The Piano,’ Dies at 78|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sam-neill-dead-actor-jurassic-park-the-piano-dies-1236646308/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Sam Neill on life, love, lymphoma and his brilliant career|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/sam-neill-on-life-love-lymphoma-and-his-brilliant-career-20230420-p5d1x4.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-05-14|title=Sam Neill on what he's learned|language=en|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/sam-neill-on-what-hes-learned/34702361.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERCIVAL CLAY NEILL Biography – Dunedin|url=https://www.northerncemetery.org.nz/biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Northern Cemetery|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Louise|title="New cellar door pops up in Neill's life"|language=en|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill's-life|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jung|first=Susan|date=2013-04-21|title=My life: Sam Neill|language=en|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1217301/my-life-sam-neill|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beech|first=James|date=2014-03-04|title=Vineyard named in honour of father|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown-lakes/vineyard-named-honour-father|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Otago Daily Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Annabel|date=2017-11-21|title=Obituary: Otago businessman Robert Wilson remembered as food industry pioneer|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/99086492/otago-businessman-robert-wilson-remembered-as-food-industry-pioneer|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]]. Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil. Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond". Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch. He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year. He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society. He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]]. Neill pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin $25 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience meal. In 2004, durin an interview on the Australian tauk shaw ''Enough Rope'', Andrew Denton briefly discussed Neill's stutter. Neill recawed hou deeply it haed affeckit him an said he aften foond himsel "hopin that fowk wadna tauk tae [him]" sae he wad nae hae tae answer. He eikit, "A kind o ootgrew it [but] ye can aye detect me as a stammerer." == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974). He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa. Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas. Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a big internaitional success. He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]''; forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''. The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year. He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand), a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983). An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States. His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]]. === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003), ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States). He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006). === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said, "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories." [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014). He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General Douglas MacArthur. In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022. In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur series 2, Neill wad reprise the role o Colby bein the anly memmer o the oreeginal saison ane cast tae dae sae. On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison an Neill wad be returnin as Colby. On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.'' On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''. On 15 Aprile 2025, Neill's castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' haed been annoonced. On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''. == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994. In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son. He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017, an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021. As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn. Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill, addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles." He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media. He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues. He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023. === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]]. Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]]. He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026. In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]]. Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region". === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''. He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life. In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand. Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith. ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation and honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith independent films an blockbusters. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation. He wis the recipient o the AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role, the Longford Lyell Awaird, the New Zealand Film Awaird, an the Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor. He forby received three Gowden Globe an twa Primetime Emmy Awaird nominations. He wan the Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire in the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, fur services as an actor. In the 2007 Ne'er's Honours, he wis appyntit a Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit (DCNZM). Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the New Zealand ryal honours seestem in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit. Neill wis awairdit an honorary Doctor o Letters degree bi the Varsity o Canterbury in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie. In 2020, he received an Airts Foondation o New Zealand Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time. ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] n8lryg74qlovq3c0tykaudfcwi3mgdw 919394 919393 2026-07-15T22:03:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Actor in ‘Jurassic Park’ and ‘The Piano,’ Dies at 78|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sam-neill-dead-actor-jurassic-park-the-piano-dies-1236646308/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Sam Neill on life, love, lymphoma and his brilliant career|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/sam-neill-on-life-love-lymphoma-and-his-brilliant-career-20230420-p5d1x4.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-05-14|title=Sam Neill on what he's learned|language=en|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/sam-neill-on-what-hes-learned/34702361.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERCIVAL CLAY NEILL Biography – Dunedin|url=https://www.northerncemetery.org.nz/biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Northern Cemetery|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Louise|title="New cellar door pops up in Neill's life"|language=en|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill's-life|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jung|first=Susan|date=2013-04-21|title=My life: Sam Neill|language=en|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1217301/my-life-sam-neill|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beech|first=James|date=2014-03-04|title=Vineyard named in honour of father|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown-lakes/vineyard-named-honour-father|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Otago Daily Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Annabel|date=2017-11-21|title=Obituary: Otago businessman Robert Wilson remembered as food industry pioneer|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/99086492/otago-businessman-robert-wilson-remembered-as-food-industry-pioneer|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-08-04|title=Sam Neill in Uncharted territory with new series|language=en-NZ|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12100523|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Philip|date=2023-03-23|title=Sir Sam Neill says 'generation of inbreeding' at elite Christchurch school|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300837756/sir-sam-neill-says-generation-of-inbreeding-at-elite-christchurch-school|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grams|first=Erika|title=Sam Neill - FAQ|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/samneill/snfaq.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=www.ibiblio.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-05|title=Nigel, Neville??|url=https://theforum.lexigame.com/index.php?topic=1093.0|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Lexigame.com}}</ref> Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch.<ref name=":0" /> He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Mike|date=2024-09-21|title=Sam Neill's life from biggest roles to cancer battle|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/apples-never-fall-star-sam-29976361|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Manchester Evening News|language=en}}</ref> He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1969-01-01|title=The University of Canterbury Drama Society presents William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, produced by Ngaio Marsh|url=https://digitalnz.org/records/22524599|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=DigitalNZ|language=en}}</ref> He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill: Actor known for starring role as Jurassic Park paleontologist|url=https://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/national/26273773.sam-neill-actor-known-starring-role-jurassic-park-paleontologist/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Keighley News]]|language=en}}</ref> Neill pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin $25 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience meal. In 2004, durin an interview on the Australian tauk shaw ''Enough Rope'', Andrew Denton briefly discussed Neill's stutter. Neill recawed hou deeply it haed affeckit him an said he aften foond himsel "hopin that fowk wadna tauk tae [him]" sae he wad nae hae tae answer. He eikit, "A kind o ootgrew it [but] ye can aye detect me as a stammerer." == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974). He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa. Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas. Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a big internaitional success. He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]''; forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''. The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year. He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand), a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983). An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States. His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]]. === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003), ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States). He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006). === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said, "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories." [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014). He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General Douglas MacArthur. In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022. In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur series 2, Neill wad reprise the role o Colby bein the anly memmer o the oreeginal saison ane cast tae dae sae. On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison an Neill wad be returnin as Colby. On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.'' On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''. On 15 Aprile 2025, Neill's castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' haed been annoonced. On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''. == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994. In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son. He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017, an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021. As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn. Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill, addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles." He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media. He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues. He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023. === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]]. Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]]. He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026. In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]]. Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region". === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''. He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life. In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand. Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith. ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation and honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith independent films an blockbusters. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation. He wis the recipient o the AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role, the Longford Lyell Awaird, the New Zealand Film Awaird, an the Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor. He forby received three Gowden Globe an twa Primetime Emmy Awaird nominations. He wan the Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire in the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, fur services as an actor. In the 2007 Ne'er's Honours, he wis appyntit a Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit (DCNZM). Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the New Zealand ryal honours seestem in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit. Neill wis awairdit an honorary Doctor o Letters degree bi the Varsity o Canterbury in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie. In 2020, he received an Airts Foondation o New Zealand Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time. ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] d6kctxx9g52f83e43yzsnjadott2z15 919395 919394 2026-07-15T22:18:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Actor in ‘Jurassic Park’ and ‘The Piano,’ Dies at 78|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sam-neill-dead-actor-jurassic-park-the-piano-dies-1236646308/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Sam Neill on life, love, lymphoma and his brilliant career|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/sam-neill-on-life-love-lymphoma-and-his-brilliant-career-20230420-p5d1x4.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-05-14|title=Sam Neill on what he's learned|language=en|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/sam-neill-on-what-hes-learned/34702361.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERCIVAL CLAY NEILL Biography – Dunedin|url=https://www.northerncemetery.org.nz/biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Northern Cemetery|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Louise|title="New cellar door pops up in Neill's life"|language=en|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill's-life|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jung|first=Susan|date=2013-04-21|title=My life: Sam Neill|language=en|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1217301/my-life-sam-neill|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beech|first=James|date=2014-03-04|title=Vineyard named in honour of father|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown-lakes/vineyard-named-honour-father|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Otago Daily Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Annabel|date=2017-11-21|title=Obituary: Otago businessman Robert Wilson remembered as food industry pioneer|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/99086492/otago-businessman-robert-wilson-remembered-as-food-industry-pioneer|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-08-04|title=Sam Neill in Uncharted territory with new series|language=en-NZ|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12100523|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Philip|date=2023-03-23|title=Sir Sam Neill says 'generation of inbreeding' at elite Christchurch school|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300837756/sir-sam-neill-says-generation-of-inbreeding-at-elite-christchurch-school|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grams|first=Erika|title=Sam Neill - FAQ|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/samneill/snfaq.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=www.ibiblio.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-05|title=Nigel, Neville??|url=https://theforum.lexigame.com/index.php?topic=1093.0|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Lexigame.com}}</ref> Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch.<ref name=":0" /> He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Mike|date=2024-09-21|title=Sam Neill's life from biggest roles to cancer battle|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/apples-never-fall-star-sam-29976361|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Manchester Evening News|language=en}}</ref> He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1969-01-01|title=The University of Canterbury Drama Society presents William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, produced by Ngaio Marsh|url=https://digitalnz.org/records/22524599|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=DigitalNZ|language=en}}</ref> He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill: Actor known for starring role as Jurassic Park paleontologist|url=https://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/national/26273773.sam-neill-actor-known-starring-role-jurassic-park-paleontologist/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Keighley News]]|language=en}}</ref> an graduatit frae Victoria Varsity wi a bachelor's degree in Inglis leeteratur in 1970.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Frost|first=Natasha|last2=Woolfe|first2=Zachary|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Leading Man in ‘Jurassic Park,’ Dies at 78|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/13/movies/sam-neill-dead.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ripley|first=Amy|date=2026-07-13|title=Vale Sam Neill: Honorary Australian who charmed on and off the screen|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/vale-sam-neill-honorary-australian-who-charmed-on-and-off-the-screen-20241005-p5kg38.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> He pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin [[New Zealand dollar|$]]35 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience dinner. == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone {{!}} Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Landfall – A Film about Ourselves: Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cain|first=Sian|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, star of Jurassic Park films, Peaky Blinders and The Piano, dies aged 78|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/13/sam-neill-death-actor-dies-aged-78|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a muckle internaitional success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Susan|date=1991-12-01|title='One Against Wind' reunites Neill and Davis|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/143610890/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Pittsburgh Press|language=en-US}}</ref> He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'';<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2015-01-11|title=For Your Consideration: Sam Neill for the FANGORIA Hall of Fame!|language=en-US|work=Fangoria|url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/for-your-consideration-sam-neill-for-the-fangoria-hall-of-fame/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''.<ref name=":1" /> The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-12-30|title=Ivanhoe-skådespelarens nyårshälsning till svenskarna: ”Stolt över er”|url=https://www.svt.se/kultur/ivanhoe-skadespelarens-nyarshalsning-till-svenskarna-stolt-over-er|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=SVT|language=sv}}</ref> He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand),<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Cry in the Dark (1988) – Release dates|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094924/releaseinfo#akas|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983). An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States. His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]]. === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003), ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States). He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006). === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said, "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories." [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014). He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General Douglas MacArthur. In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022. In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur series 2, Neill wad reprise the role o Colby bein the anly memmer o the oreeginal saison ane cast tae dae sae. On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison an Neill wad be returnin as Colby. On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.'' On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''. On 15 Aprile 2025, Neill's castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' haed been annoonced. On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''. == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994. In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son. He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017, an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021. As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn. Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill, addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles." He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media. He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues. He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023. === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]]. Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]]. He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026. In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]]. Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region". === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''. He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life. In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand. Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith. ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation and honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith independent films an blockbusters. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation. He wis the recipient o the AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role, the Longford Lyell Awaird, the New Zealand Film Awaird, an the Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor. He forby received three Gowden Globe an twa Primetime Emmy Awaird nominations. He wan the Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire in the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, fur services as an actor. In the 2007 Ne'er's Honours, he wis appyntit a Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit (DCNZM). Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the New Zealand ryal honours seestem in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit. Neill wis awairdit an honorary Doctor o Letters degree bi the Varsity o Canterbury in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie. In 2020, he received an Airts Foondation o New Zealand Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time. ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] 8oqympin0m5yqj400m8t5b3zk07nbnp 919398 919395 2026-07-16T00:07:58Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Actor in ‘Jurassic Park’ and ‘The Piano,’ Dies at 78|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sam-neill-dead-actor-jurassic-park-the-piano-dies-1236646308/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Sam Neill on life, love, lymphoma and his brilliant career|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/sam-neill-on-life-love-lymphoma-and-his-brilliant-career-20230420-p5d1x4.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-05-14|title=Sam Neill on what he's learned|language=en|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/sam-neill-on-what-hes-learned/34702361.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERCIVAL CLAY NEILL Biography – Dunedin|url=https://www.northerncemetery.org.nz/biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Northern Cemetery|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Louise|title="New cellar door pops up in Neill's life"|language=en|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill's-life|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jung|first=Susan|date=2013-04-21|title=My life: Sam Neill|language=en|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1217301/my-life-sam-neill|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beech|first=James|date=2014-03-04|title=Vineyard named in honour of father|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown-lakes/vineyard-named-honour-father|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Otago Daily Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Annabel|date=2017-11-21|title=Obituary: Otago businessman Robert Wilson remembered as food industry pioneer|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/99086492/otago-businessman-robert-wilson-remembered-as-food-industry-pioneer|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-08-04|title=Sam Neill in Uncharted territory with new series|language=en-NZ|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12100523|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Philip|date=2023-03-23|title=Sir Sam Neill says 'generation of inbreeding' at elite Christchurch school|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300837756/sir-sam-neill-says-generation-of-inbreeding-at-elite-christchurch-school|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grams|first=Erika|title=Sam Neill - FAQ|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/samneill/snfaq.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=www.ibiblio.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-05|title=Nigel, Neville??|url=https://theforum.lexigame.com/index.php?topic=1093.0|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Lexigame.com}}</ref> Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch.<ref name=":0" /> He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Mike|date=2024-09-21|title=Sam Neill's life from biggest roles to cancer battle|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/apples-never-fall-star-sam-29976361|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Manchester Evening News|language=en}}</ref> He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1969-01-01|title=The University of Canterbury Drama Society presents William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, produced by Ngaio Marsh|url=https://digitalnz.org/records/22524599|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=DigitalNZ|language=en}}</ref> He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill: Actor known for starring role as Jurassic Park paleontologist|url=https://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/national/26273773.sam-neill-actor-known-starring-role-jurassic-park-paleontologist/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Keighley News]]|language=en}}</ref> an graduatit frae Victoria Varsity wi a bachelor's degree in Inglis leeteratur in 1970.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Frost|first=Natasha|last2=Woolfe|first2=Zachary|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Leading Man in ‘Jurassic Park,’ Dies at 78|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/13/movies/sam-neill-dead.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ripley|first=Amy|date=2026-07-13|title=Vale Sam Neill: Honorary Australian who charmed on and off the screen|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/vale-sam-neill-honorary-australian-who-charmed-on-and-off-the-screen-20241005-p5kg38.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> He pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin [[New Zealand dollar|$]]35 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience dinner. == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone {{!}} Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Landfall – A Film about Ourselves: Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cain|first=Sian|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, star of Jurassic Park films, Peaky Blinders and The Piano, dies aged 78|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/13/sam-neill-death-actor-dies-aged-78|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a muckle internaitional success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Susan|date=1991-12-01|title='One Against Wind' reunites Neill and Davis|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/143610890/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Pittsburgh Press|language=en-US}}</ref> He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'';<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2015-01-11|title=For Your Consideration: Sam Neill for the FANGORIA Hall of Fame!|language=en-US|work=Fangoria|url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/for-your-consideration-sam-neill-for-the-fangoria-hall-of-fame/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''.<ref name=":1" /> The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-12-30|title=Ivanhoe-skådespelarens nyårshälsning till svenskarna: ”Stolt över er”|url=https://www.svt.se/kultur/ivanhoe-skadespelarens-nyarshalsning-till-svenskarna-stolt-over-er|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=SVT|language=sv}}</ref> He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand),<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Cry in the Dark (1988) – Release dates|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094924/releaseinfo#akas|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Milton|first=Stephen|date=2016-05-14|title=What I've Learned: Sam Neill|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1319329366/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|language=en-US}}</ref> An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Cultural_Criticism_1969_1990/_SZL_h9mfKkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Col.%20Andrei%20Denisov%22&pg=PA319&printsec=frontcover|title=Cultural Criticism 1969-1990: From Architectural Damages to Press Imperfections|last2=|first2=|date=2011-07-13|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-097228-3|language=en}}</ref> His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]].<ref name=":1" /> === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990),<ref name=":1" /> ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yasharoff|first=Hannah|date=2019-09-25|title=Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum and Sam Neill to return for 'major roles' in 'Jurassic World 3'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2019/09/25/jurassic-world-3-laura-dern-sam-neill-jeff-goldblum-return/2437851001/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[USA Today]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000),<ref name=":1" /> an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Sam Neill – Credits|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sam-neill/credits/3000385627/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=TV Guide|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003),<ref name=":3" /> ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016).<ref name=":3" /> He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1995|title=A Cinema of Unease A Personal Journey by Sam Neill|url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150442256|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Breetish Film Institute]]|language=en}}</ref> In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States).<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC One - Space|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p007x927|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[BBC]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006).<ref name=":2" /> === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said, "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories." [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014). He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General Douglas MacArthur. In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022. In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur series 2, Neill wad reprise the role o Colby bein the anly memmer o the oreeginal saison ane cast tae dae sae. On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison an Neill wad be returnin as Colby. On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.'' On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''. On 15 Aprile 2025, Neill's castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' haed been annoonced. On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''. == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994. In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son. He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017, an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021. As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn. Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill, addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles." He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media. He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues. He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023. === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]]. Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]]. He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026. In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]]. Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region". === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''. He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life. In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand. Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith. ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation and honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith independent films an blockbusters. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation. He wis the recipient o the AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role, the Longford Lyell Awaird, the New Zealand Film Awaird, an the Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor. He forby received three Gowden Globe an twa Primetime Emmy Awaird nominations. He wan the Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire in the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, fur services as an actor. In the 2007 Ne'er's Honours, he wis appyntit a Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit (DCNZM). Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the New Zealand ryal honours seestem in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit. Neill wis awairdit an honorary Doctor o Letters degree bi the Varsity o Canterbury in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie. In 2020, he received an Airts Foondation o New Zealand Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time. ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] 05j6y3ly82dcb11ro33q94imqin8plc 919399 919398 2026-07-16T00:23:37Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith|date=Julie 2026}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Actor in ‘Jurassic Park’ and ‘The Piano,’ Dies at 78|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sam-neill-dead-actor-jurassic-park-the-piano-dies-1236646308/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Sam Neill on life, love, lymphoma and his brilliant career|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/sam-neill-on-life-love-lymphoma-and-his-brilliant-career-20230420-p5d1x4.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-05-14|title=Sam Neill on what he's learned|language=en|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/sam-neill-on-what-hes-learned/34702361.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERCIVAL CLAY NEILL Biography – Dunedin|url=https://www.northerncemetery.org.nz/biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Northern Cemetery|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Louise|title="New cellar door pops up in Neill's life"|language=en|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill's-life|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jung|first=Susan|date=2013-04-21|title=My life: Sam Neill|language=en|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1217301/my-life-sam-neill|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beech|first=James|date=2014-03-04|title=Vineyard named in honour of father|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown-lakes/vineyard-named-honour-father|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Otago Daily Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Annabel|date=2017-11-21|title=Obituary: Otago businessman Robert Wilson remembered as food industry pioneer|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/99086492/otago-businessman-robert-wilson-remembered-as-food-industry-pioneer|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-08-04|title=Sam Neill in Uncharted territory with new series|language=en-NZ|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12100523|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Philip|date=2023-03-23|title=Sir Sam Neill says 'generation of inbreeding' at elite Christchurch school|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300837756/sir-sam-neill-says-generation-of-inbreeding-at-elite-christchurch-school|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grams|first=Erika|title=Sam Neill - FAQ|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/samneill/snfaq.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=www.ibiblio.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-05|title=Nigel, Neville??|url=https://theforum.lexigame.com/index.php?topic=1093.0|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Lexigame.com}}</ref> Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch.<ref name=":0" /> He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Mike|date=2024-09-21|title=Sam Neill's life from biggest roles to cancer battle|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/apples-never-fall-star-sam-29976361|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Manchester Evening News|language=en}}</ref> He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1969-01-01|title=The University of Canterbury Drama Society presents William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, produced by Ngaio Marsh|url=https://digitalnz.org/records/22524599|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=DigitalNZ|language=en}}</ref> He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill: Actor known for starring role as Jurassic Park paleontologist|url=https://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/national/26273773.sam-neill-actor-known-starring-role-jurassic-park-paleontologist/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Keighley News]]|language=en}}</ref> an graduatit frae Victoria Varsity wi a bachelor's degree in Inglis leeteratur in 1970.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Frost|first=Natasha|last2=Woolfe|first2=Zachary|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Leading Man in ‘Jurassic Park,’ Dies at 78|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/13/movies/sam-neill-dead.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ripley|first=Amy|date=2026-07-13|title=Vale Sam Neill: Honorary Australian who charmed on and off the screen|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/vale-sam-neill-honorary-australian-who-charmed-on-and-off-the-screen-20241005-p5kg38.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> He pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin [[New Zealand dollar|$]]35 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience dinner. == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone {{!}} Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Landfall – A Film about Ourselves: Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cain|first=Sian|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, star of Jurassic Park films, Peaky Blinders and The Piano, dies aged 78|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/13/sam-neill-death-actor-dies-aged-78|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a muckle internaitional success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Susan|date=1991-12-01|title='One Against Wind' reunites Neill and Davis|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/143610890/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Pittsburgh Press|language=en-US}}</ref> He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'';<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2015-01-11|title=For Your Consideration: Sam Neill for the FANGORIA Hall of Fame!|language=en-US|work=Fangoria|url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/for-your-consideration-sam-neill-for-the-fangoria-hall-of-fame/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''.<ref name=":1" /> The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-12-30|title=Ivanhoe-skådespelarens nyårshälsning till svenskarna: ”Stolt över er”|url=https://www.svt.se/kultur/ivanhoe-skadespelarens-nyarshalsning-till-svenskarna-stolt-over-er|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=SVT|language=sv}}</ref> He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand),<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Cry in the Dark (1988) – Release dates|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094924/releaseinfo#akas|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Milton|first=Stephen|date=2016-05-14|title=What I've Learned: Sam Neill|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1319329366/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|language=en-US}}</ref> An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Cultural_Criticism_1969_1990/_SZL_h9mfKkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Col.%20Andrei%20Denisov%22&pg=PA319&printsec=frontcover|title=Cultural Criticism 1969-1990: From Architectural Damages to Press Imperfections|last2=|first2=|date=2011-07-13|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-097228-3|language=en}}</ref> His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]].<ref name=":1" /> === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990),<ref name=":1" /> ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yasharoff|first=Hannah|date=2019-09-25|title=Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum and Sam Neill to return for 'major roles' in 'Jurassic World 3'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2019/09/25/jurassic-world-3-laura-dern-sam-neill-jeff-goldblum-return/2437851001/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[USA Today]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000),<ref name=":1" /> an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Sam Neill – Credits|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sam-neill/credits/3000385627/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=TV Guide|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003),<ref name=":3" /> ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016).<ref name=":3" /> He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1995|title=A Cinema of Unease A Personal Journey by Sam Neill|url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150442256|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Breetish Film Institute]]|language=en}}</ref> In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States).<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC One - Space|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p007x927|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[BBC]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006).<ref name=":2" /> === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Pam|date=2008-02-04|title=A glorious romp through history|url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=24&ContentID=57032|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=The West Australian}}</ref> "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories."<ref name=":4" /> [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dawtrey|first=Adam|date=2012-04-11|title=Aneurin Barnard tapped for ‘Mariah Mundi’|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/aneurin-barnard-tapped-for-mariah-mundi-1118052510/|access-date=2026-07-16|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General John MacArthur.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gilbert|first=Gerard|date=2015-12-21|title=And Then There Was Carnage|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/716572837/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=The Independent|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022.<ref name=":3" /> In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-09-25|title=‘Jurassic Park’ Trio Laura Dern, Sam Neill & Jeff Goldblum Returning For ‘Jurassic World 3’|url=https://deadline.com/2019/09/jurassic-world-3-laura-dern-sam-neill-jeff-goldblum-reprise-jurassic-park-roles-1202744117/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur a seicont saison, he wis the anly returnin cast memmer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-08-31|title=Western Australia's Largest Production, Sam Neill-Starring 'The Twelve Season 2' Gets Under Way – Global Bulletin|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/sam-neill-the-twelve-season-2-western-australia-production-1235709174/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison, wi Neill again returnin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rigden|first=Clare|date=2024-09-15|title=Sam Neill happy to be returning to film The Twelve in WA|url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/tv/binge-drama-the-twelve-to-shoot-season-three-in-wa-with-hollywood-star-sam-neill-happily-reprising-his-role-c-16024547|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=PerthNow|language=en}}</ref> On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knox|first=David|date=2024-12-07|title=2025 AACTA Awards: nominations {{!}} TV Tonight|url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2024/12/2025-aacta-awards-nominations.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=tvtonight.com.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2024-06-21|title=Sam Neill Joins Eric Bana In Netflix Limited Series ‘Untamed’|url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/sam-neill-netflix-limited-series-untamed-eric-bana-1235979693/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 15 Aprile 2025, his castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' wis been annoonced.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|date=2025-04-15|title=Next ‘Godzilla x Kong’ Movie Enlists Sam Neill|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/godzilla-x-kong-movie-sam-neill-1236191695/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cagape|first=E. Kristhoff|title='Jurassic Park' star Sam Neill arrives in PH to film 'The Last Resort' {{!}} ABS-CBN Entertainment|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2025/5/16/-jurassic-park-star-sam-neill-arrives-in-ph-to-film-the-last-resort-1507|access-date=2026-07-16|website=ABS-CBN|language=en-US}}</ref> == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994. In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son. He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017, an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021. As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn. Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill, addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles." He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media. He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues. He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023. === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]]. Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]]. He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026. In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]]. Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region". === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''. He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life. In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand. Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith. ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation and honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith independent films an blockbusters. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation. He wis the recipient o the AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role, the Longford Lyell Awaird, the New Zealand Film Awaird, an the Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor. He forby received three Gowden Globe an twa Primetime Emmy Awaird nominations. He wan the Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire in the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, fur services as an actor. In the 2007 Ne'er's Honours, he wis appyntit a Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit (DCNZM). Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the New Zealand ryal honours seestem in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit. Neill wis awairdit an honorary Doctor o Letters degree bi the Varsity o Canterbury in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie. In 2020, he received an Airts Foondation o New Zealand Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time. ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] kop3up7k6gcw2btvczp394ryd02tzx6 Collogue:French Thrid Republic 1 139840 919385 519549 2026-07-15T21:31:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Collogue:French Third Republic]] til [[Collogue:French Thrid Republic]]: Misspelt title 519549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translatit page|EN|French Third Republic}} rbsw6r6wii52v04yknk4vk495z0eapg Blackburn, Wast Lowden 0 144917 919409 841527 2026-07-16T02:01:56Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox UK place | country = Scotland | official_name = Blackburn | gaelic_name = An Dubh Allt | scots_name = | static_image_name = Blackburn - geograph.org.uk - 167034.jpg | static_image_caption = Looking west from the centre of the town | population = 4,761 | population_ref = <span style="white-space: nowrap">{{Smaller|([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]])<ref>{{cite web | publisher=Scotland's Census Results Online | title=Comparative Population Profile: Blackburn Locality | url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=blackburn+(West+Lothian)&mainLevel=Locality | date=2001-04-29 | accessdate=2008-08-31 | archive-date=2012-03-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322055121/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=blackburn+%28West+Lothian%29&mainLevel=Locality | url-status=dead }}</ref>}} <br /> 4,970 {{Smaller|(2006 estimate)<ref>http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data</ref>}}</span> | os_grid_reference = NS985655 | coordinates = {{coord|55.872|-3.621|display=inline,title}} | map_type = Scotland | civil_parish = [[Leivinstoun, Wast Lowden|Leivinstoun]] | unitary_scotland = [[Wast Lowden]] | lieutenancy_scotland = [[Wast Lowden]] | constituency_westminster = [[Leivinstoun (UK Pairlament constituency)|Leivinstoun]] | constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Linlithgow (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Linlithgow]] | post_town = BATHGATE | postcode_district = EH47 | postcode_area = EH | dial_code = 01506 }} '''Blackburn''' ({{lang-gd|An Dubh Allt}}<ref>An Stòr-dàta Briathrachais [http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sbg/lorg.php?faclair=sbg&seorsa=Beurla&facal=blackburn&eis_saor=on&tairg=Lorg&faic_tus=on]{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, retrieved 9 June 2010</ref>) is a toun<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,RGN901vs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home/home.html |title=Blackburn - VisitScotland<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2016-06-09 |archive-date=2009-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612074817/http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5%2Cen%2CSCH1/objectId%2CRGN901vs%2Ccurr%2CGBP%2Cseason%2Cat1%2CselectedEntry%2Chome/home.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Wast Lowden]], [[Scotland]] local tae baith [[Bathket]] an [[Leivinstoun, Scotland|Leivinstoun]], twa o the lairger touns in the coonty. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Touns in Wast Lowden]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} sc3dpgw3d086gx0gd1a98rngfzoj7hw Uiser:Bhielle1188 2 145261 919414 528795 2026-07-16T05:57:50Z ~2026-40161-22 134381 Replacin page wi 'Nothing Here' 919414 wikitext text/x-wiki Nothing Here sclw1krz2ergeqltkn9n1sle4df1u9w 919429 919414 2026-07-16T10:08:18Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Revertit edit o ~2026-40161-22, chynged back tae last version bi Bhielle1188 528795 wikitext text/x-wiki Bhielle Matiman (Born: Beverly Matiman) was born on October 11, 1988 from a Muslim family. She is the second child of Tatuan Matiman and Meriam Matiman y Bagaan. 5vtsqqclj82grn8o3f7g0iumhpsvzvu 919447 919429 2026-07-16T10:45:12Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Delete: Uiser pages are nae encyclopaedia airticles 919447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|Uiser pages are nae encyclopaedia airticles}} Bhielle Matiman (Born: Beverly Matiman) was born on October 11, 1988 from a Muslim family. She is the second child of Tatuan Matiman and Meriam Matiman y Bagaan. 5d91w2c1v5jq1uueto8uviiyexzu4jc Susumu Tonegawa 0 157082 919417 917755 2026-07-16T07:00:55Z Dorotheoio 134364 919417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = 1939{{!}}09{{!}}5 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =2026{{!}}07{{!}}11 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', is a [[Japan]]ese [[scientist]] wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] in 1987, for his discovery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he won the Nobel Prize for his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] dwo54196ditlnv4a4swimb0ca2311as 919418 919417 2026-07-16T07:21:42Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/919417|919417]] bi [[Special:Contributions/Dorotheoio|Dorotheoio]] ([[User talk:Dorotheoio|Tauk]])Broke the codin 919418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1939|09|06}} |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date = |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', born September 6, 1939) is a [[Japan]]ese [[scientist]] wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] in 1987, for his discovery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he won the Nobel Prize for his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] 4neqi4dgpscoecetoq0pvwrar0ljxbp 919421 919418 2026-07-16T07:38:56Z Dorotheoio 134364 919421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 5, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =July 11, 2026 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', September 6, 1939 -July 11, 2026<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref>) is a [[Japan]]ese [[scientist]] wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] in 1987, for his discovery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he won the Nobel Prize for his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] bpo5b5ombrxbkdrn6xx5eoms8svsev1 919422 919421 2026-07-16T07:40:04Z Dorotheoio 134364 919422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 6, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =July 11, 2026 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', September 6, 1939 -July 11, 2026<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref>) is a [[Japan]]ese [[scientist]] wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] in 1987, for his discovery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he won the Nobel Prize for his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] n8ay098bpir5sad2qqhbpn00halxqmo 919430 919422 2026-07-16T10:11:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Recent daith 919430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}}{{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 6, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =July 11, 2026 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', September 6, 1939 -July 11, 2026<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref>) is a [[Japan]]ese [[scientist]] wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] in 1987, for his discovery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he won the Nobel Prize for his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] n1whtgbbgza3jsdryhb88zuapvye4ex 919431 919430 2026-07-16T10:12:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 919431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}}{{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 6, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =July 11, 2026 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', 6 September 1939 - 11 Julie 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref> is a [[Japan]]ese [[scientist]] wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] in 1987, for his discovery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he won the Nobel Prize for his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] teu2l3woavo1zxgtax7zfrdyw4smzyr 919432 919431 2026-07-16T10:14:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 919432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}}{{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 6, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =July 11, 2026 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |signature = |footnotes = |ethnicity = |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} |religion = | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', 6 September 1939 - 11 Julie 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref> is a Japanese scientist wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicin]] in 1987, fur his diskivery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he wan the Nobel Prize fur his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] j3tfyrkefvnnh00dod4y8iuhyfqukln 919433 919432 2026-07-16T10:15:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 6, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] |death_date =July 11, 2026 |nationality = [[Japan]] |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=May 2016}}}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[Antibody]] diversity |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] * [[RIKEN Brain Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1987)}}}} | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', 6 September 1939 - 11 Julie 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref> is a Japanese scientist wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicin]] in 1987, fur his diskivery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he wan the Nobel Prize fur his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] p6vs53kobl9k36a8jkv44ay6ms7h19p 919434 919433 2026-07-16T10:19:09Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 919434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = September 6, 1939 |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], Japan |death_date = July 11, 2026 |nationality = Japan |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=Mey 2016}}}} |known_for = [[Antibouk]] diversity |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute o Technologie]] * [[RIKEN Harn Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order o Cultur]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicin]] {{small|(1987)}}}} | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', 6 September 1939 - 11 Julie 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref> is a Japanese scientist wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicin]] in 1987, fur his diskivery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he wan the Nobel Prize fur his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] foi1k96n179ykylr1vrkpdo2hj4ttmi 919435 919434 2026-07-16T10:22:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Susumu Tonegawa |image = Susumu Tonegawa Photo.jpg|Susumu Tonegawa |caption = Susumu Tonegawa |birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|9|6|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Nagoya]], Japan |death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|11|1939|9|6|df=y}} |nationality = Japan |fields = [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Neuroscience]] |alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Kyoto Varsity]] * [[Varsity o Californie, San Diego]]}} |academic_advisors = {{Plainlist| * Masaki Hayashi * [[Renato Dulbecco]]{{fact|date=Mey 2016}}}} |known_for = [[Antibouk]] diversity |influenced = [[Adrian Hayday]] (postdoc)<ref name=Hayday1985>{{cite journal|last1=Hayday|first1=A|title=Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cell_1985-02_40_2/page/259|journal=Cell|volume=40|issue=2|year=1985|pages=259–269|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0}}</ref> |work_institutions = {{Plainlist| * [[Massachusetts Institute o Technologie]] * [[RIKEN Harn Science Institute]] * [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]}} |prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] {{small|(1982)}} * [[Order o Cultur]] {{small|(1984)}} * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicin]] {{small|(1987)}}}} | website = {{URL|https://tonegawalab.mit.edu/susumu-tonegawa}} }} '''Susumu Tonegawa''' (利根川 進 ''Tonegawa Susumu'', 6 September 1939 - 11 Julie 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-15|title=MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa, renowned molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, dies at 86|url=https://news.mit.edu/2026/mit-professor-susumu-tonegawa-renowned-molecular-biologist-nobel-laureate-dies-0715|access-date=2026-07-16|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en}}</ref> is a Japanese scientist wha wis the sole recipient o the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesiology or Medicin]] in 1987, fur his diskivery o the [[Genetics|genetic]] mechanism that produces [[antibouk]] diversity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=August 8, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> Awtho he wan the Nobel Prize fur his wirk in [[immunology]], Tonegawa is a [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] bi trainin an he again chynged fields follaein his Nobel Prize win; he nou studies [[neuroscience]], examinin the molecular, cellular an neuronal basis o memory formation an retrieval. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tonegawa, Susumu}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese immunologists]] [[Category:Japanese molecular biologists]] [[Category:Japanese neuroscientists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultur]] [[Category:Kyoto Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Members o the European Molecular Biology Organisation]] [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology faculty]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nagoya]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, San Diego alumni]] [[Category:Recipients o the Albert Lasker Awaird for Basic Medical Resairch]] [[Category:Scripps Research Institute]] [[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:RIKEN personnel]] 24u4prgw5gbem6fg1xhi89520n4kotx Massachusetts Institute o Technologie 0 171245 919439 911987 2026-07-16T10:36:07Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 919439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox university | name = {{nowrap|Massachusetts Institute o Technologie}} | image = | image_size = 150px | motto = ''Mens et Manus'' ([[Laitin]]) | mottoeng = Mynd an Haund<ref name="seal">{{cite web| title = Symbols: Seal | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url = http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/seal.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | established = {{start date|1861|04|10}} | type = [[Private varsity|Private]]<br />[[Laund-grant varsity|Laund grant]]<br/>[[Space grant colleges|Space-grant]] | academic_affiliations = [[Association o American Varsities|AAU]]<br />[[Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities in Massachusetts|AICUM]]<br />[[Association o Independent Technological Varsities|AITU]]<br />[[Association o Public an Laund-Grant Varsities|APLU]]<br />[[The Consortium on Financin Heicher Eddication|COFHE]]<br />[[Naitional Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities|NAICU]]<ref>[http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp NAICU – Member Directory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109231238/http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp |date=November 9, 2015 }}</ref><br />[[Varsities Resairch Association|URA]]<br />[[568 Group]] | endowment = $13.182 billion (2016)<ref name=NACUBO>As o Juin 30, 2016. {{cite web |url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2015 to FY 2016 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2017 |access-date=2017-05-22 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225044952/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf%0A |url-status=dead }}</ref> | chancellor = [[Cynthia Barnhart]] | president = [[L. Rafael Reif]] | provost = Martin A. Schmidt | students = 11,319<ref name="Enrollment Statistics">{{cite web|title=Enrollment Statistics|publisher=MIT Registrar|url=http://web.mit.edu/registrar/stats/yrpts/index.html |accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> | undergrad = 4,512<ref name="Enrollment Statistics"/> | postgrad = 6,807 | city = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] | state = [[Massachusetts]] | country = U.S. | campus = Urban, {{convert|168|acre|ha|1}}<ref name="Campus">{{cite web|title=The Campus|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/campus.html|publisher=MIT Facts 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> | free_label = Newspaper | free = ''[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]'' | mascot = [[Tim the Beaver]]<ref>{{cite web| title = Symbols: Mascot | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url =http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/mascot.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Diveesion III]] – [[New Ingland Wummen's an Men's Athletic Conference|NEWMAC]], [[New Ingland Fitbaw Conference|NEFC]],<br />[[Pilgrim Lacrosse League|Pilgrim League]]<br />[[NCAA Diveesion I|Diveesion I]] – [[Eastren Association o Rowin Colleges|EARC]] & [[Eastren Association o Wummen's Rowin Colleges|EAWRC]] {{small|(rowin)}} | website = {{url|www.mit.edu}} | logo = [[File:MIT logo 2003-2023.svg|center|85px|MIT Logo]] | faculty = 1,021<ref name=MITFactFacStaff>{{cite web|title=Faculty and Staff|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/faculty.html|work=MIT Facts|publisher=MIT|accessdate=2014-03-11}}</ref> | colors = Cardinal Reid & Steel Gray<ref>{{cite web|title=Colors - MIT Graphic Identity|url=http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/colors.html|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><br />{{color box|#A31F34}}&nbsp;{{color box|#8A8B8C}} | athletics_nickname = [[MIT Ingineers|Ingineers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mitathletics.com/|title=The Official Site of MIT Intercollegiate Athletics - MIT|work=mitathletics.com}}</ref> |native_name=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|native_name_lang=en}} The '''Massachusetts Institute o Technologie''' ({{lang-en|Massachusetts Institute of Technology}} '''MIT''') is a [[Private varsity|private]] [[research varsity|resairch varsity]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], aften citit as ane o the warld's maist prestigious varsities.<ref name="bloomberg1">{{cite web |last=Altaner |first=David |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-10/harvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html|title=Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports |publisher=Bloomberg|date=March 9, 2011|accessdate=2015-04-01}}</ref><ref name="morgan1">{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=John|title=Top Six Universities Dominate THE World Reputation Rankings|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|quote="The rankings suggest that the top six - Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University and the University of Oxford - form a group of globally recognised "super brands".|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-date=2014-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153936/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="encyclopedia1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology.aspx#2 |publisher=Encyclopedia.com|quote="It has long been recognized as an outstanding technological institute and its Sloan School of Management has notable programs in business, economics, and finance."}}</ref><ref name="britannica1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368456/Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology-MIT |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=November 18, 2014|quote="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), privately controlled coeducational institution of higher learning famous for its scientific and technological training and research."}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|42.35982|-71.09211|region:US_type:edu|display=title}} [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Ingineerin varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Laund-grant varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Rugby league stadiums]] [[Category:Technical varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Cambridge, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Technological varsities]] [[Category:1861 establishments]] q9zpf0iev5mspu2fqz1c5qk1w9i4o5q 919440 919439 2026-07-16T10:36:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Massachusetts Institute o Technology]] til [[Massachusetts Institute o Technologie]] 919439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox university | name = {{nowrap|Massachusetts Institute o Technologie}} | image = | image_size = 150px | motto = ''Mens et Manus'' ([[Laitin]]) | mottoeng = Mynd an Haund<ref name="seal">{{cite web| title = Symbols: Seal | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url = http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/seal.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | established = {{start date|1861|04|10}} | type = [[Private varsity|Private]]<br />[[Laund-grant varsity|Laund grant]]<br/>[[Space grant colleges|Space-grant]] | academic_affiliations = [[Association o American Varsities|AAU]]<br />[[Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities in Massachusetts|AICUM]]<br />[[Association o Independent Technological Varsities|AITU]]<br />[[Association o Public an Laund-Grant Varsities|APLU]]<br />[[The Consortium on Financin Heicher Eddication|COFHE]]<br />[[Naitional Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities|NAICU]]<ref>[http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp NAICU – Member Directory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109231238/http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp |date=November 9, 2015 }}</ref><br />[[Varsities Resairch Association|URA]]<br />[[568 Group]] | endowment = $13.182 billion (2016)<ref name=NACUBO>As o Juin 30, 2016. {{cite web |url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2015 to FY 2016 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2017 |access-date=2017-05-22 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225044952/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf%0A |url-status=dead }}</ref> | chancellor = [[Cynthia Barnhart]] | president = [[L. Rafael Reif]] | provost = Martin A. Schmidt | students = 11,319<ref name="Enrollment Statistics">{{cite web|title=Enrollment Statistics|publisher=MIT Registrar|url=http://web.mit.edu/registrar/stats/yrpts/index.html |accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> | undergrad = 4,512<ref name="Enrollment Statistics"/> | postgrad = 6,807 | city = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] | state = [[Massachusetts]] | country = U.S. | campus = Urban, {{convert|168|acre|ha|1}}<ref name="Campus">{{cite web|title=The Campus|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/campus.html|publisher=MIT Facts 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> | free_label = Newspaper | free = ''[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]'' | mascot = [[Tim the Beaver]]<ref>{{cite web| title = Symbols: Mascot | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url =http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/mascot.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Diveesion III]] – [[New Ingland Wummen's an Men's Athletic Conference|NEWMAC]], [[New Ingland Fitbaw Conference|NEFC]],<br />[[Pilgrim Lacrosse League|Pilgrim League]]<br />[[NCAA Diveesion I|Diveesion I]] – [[Eastren Association o Rowin Colleges|EARC]] & [[Eastren Association o Wummen's Rowin Colleges|EAWRC]] {{small|(rowin)}} | website = {{url|www.mit.edu}} | logo = [[File:MIT logo 2003-2023.svg|center|85px|MIT Logo]] | faculty = 1,021<ref name=MITFactFacStaff>{{cite web|title=Faculty and Staff|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/faculty.html|work=MIT Facts|publisher=MIT|accessdate=2014-03-11}}</ref> | colors = Cardinal Reid & Steel Gray<ref>{{cite web|title=Colors - MIT Graphic Identity|url=http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/colors.html|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><br />{{color box|#A31F34}}&nbsp;{{color box|#8A8B8C}} | athletics_nickname = [[MIT Ingineers|Ingineers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mitathletics.com/|title=The Official Site of MIT Intercollegiate Athletics - MIT|work=mitathletics.com}}</ref> |native_name=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|native_name_lang=en}} The '''Massachusetts Institute o Technologie''' ({{lang-en|Massachusetts Institute of Technology}} '''MIT''') is a [[Private varsity|private]] [[research varsity|resairch varsity]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], aften citit as ane o the warld's maist prestigious varsities.<ref name="bloomberg1">{{cite web |last=Altaner |first=David |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-10/harvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html|title=Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports |publisher=Bloomberg|date=March 9, 2011|accessdate=2015-04-01}}</ref><ref name="morgan1">{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=John|title=Top Six Universities Dominate THE World Reputation Rankings|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|quote="The rankings suggest that the top six - Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University and the University of Oxford - form a group of globally recognised "super brands".|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-date=2014-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153936/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="encyclopedia1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology.aspx#2 |publisher=Encyclopedia.com|quote="It has long been recognized as an outstanding technological institute and its Sloan School of Management has notable programs in business, economics, and finance."}}</ref><ref name="britannica1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368456/Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology-MIT |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=November 18, 2014|quote="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), privately controlled coeducational institution of higher learning famous for its scientific and technological training and research."}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|42.35982|-71.09211|region:US_type:edu|display=title}} [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Ingineerin varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Laund-grant varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Rugby league stadiums]] [[Category:Technical varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Cambridge, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Technological varsities]] [[Category:1861 establishments]] q9zpf0iev5mspu2fqz1c5qk1w9i4o5q 919442 919440 2026-07-16T10:36:50Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 fixscots tag remuived 919442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = {{nowrap|Massachusetts Institute o Technologie}} | image = | image_size = 150px | motto = ''Mens et Manus'' ([[Laitin]]) | mottoeng = Mynd an Haund<ref name="seal">{{cite web| title = Symbols: Seal | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url = http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/seal.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | established = {{start date|1861|04|10}} | type = [[Private varsity|Private]]<br />[[Laund-grant varsity|Laund grant]]<br/>[[Space grant colleges|Space-grant]] | academic_affiliations = [[Association o American Varsities|AAU]]<br />[[Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities in Massachusetts|AICUM]]<br />[[Association o Independent Technological Varsities|AITU]]<br />[[Association o Public an Laund-Grant Varsities|APLU]]<br />[[The Consortium on Financin Heicher Eddication|COFHE]]<br />[[Naitional Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities|NAICU]]<ref>[http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp NAICU – Member Directory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109231238/http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp |date=November 9, 2015 }}</ref><br />[[Varsities Resairch Association|URA]]<br />[[568 Group]] | endowment = $13.182 billion (2016)<ref name=NACUBO>As o Juin 30, 2016. {{cite web |url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2015 to FY 2016 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2017 |access-date=2017-05-22 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225044952/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf%0A |url-status=dead }}</ref> | chancellor = [[Cynthia Barnhart]] | president = [[L. Rafael Reif]] | provost = Martin A. Schmidt | students = 11,319<ref name="Enrollment Statistics">{{cite web|title=Enrollment Statistics|publisher=MIT Registrar|url=http://web.mit.edu/registrar/stats/yrpts/index.html |accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> | undergrad = 4,512<ref name="Enrollment Statistics"/> | postgrad = 6,807 | city = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] | state = [[Massachusetts]] | country = U.S. | campus = Urban, {{convert|168|acre|ha|1}}<ref name="Campus">{{cite web|title=The Campus|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/campus.html|publisher=MIT Facts 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> | free_label = Newspaper | free = ''[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]'' | mascot = [[Tim the Beaver]]<ref>{{cite web| title = Symbols: Mascot | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url =http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/mascot.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Diveesion III]] – [[New Ingland Wummen's an Men's Athletic Conference|NEWMAC]], [[New Ingland Fitbaw Conference|NEFC]],<br />[[Pilgrim Lacrosse League|Pilgrim League]]<br />[[NCAA Diveesion I|Diveesion I]] – [[Eastren Association o Rowin Colleges|EARC]] & [[Eastren Association o Wummen's Rowin Colleges|EAWRC]] {{small|(rowin)}} | website = {{url|www.mit.edu}} | logo = [[File:MIT logo 2003-2023.svg|center|85px|MIT Logo]] | faculty = 1,021<ref name=MITFactFacStaff>{{cite web|title=Faculty and Staff|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/faculty.html|work=MIT Facts|publisher=MIT|accessdate=2014-03-11}}</ref> | colors = Cardinal Reid & Steel Gray<ref>{{cite web|title=Colors - MIT Graphic Identity|url=http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/colors.html|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><br />{{color box|#A31F34}}&nbsp;{{color box|#8A8B8C}} | athletics_nickname = [[MIT Ingineers|Ingineers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mitathletics.com/|title=The Official Site of MIT Intercollegiate Athletics - MIT|work=mitathletics.com}}</ref> |native_name=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|native_name_lang=en}} The '''Massachusetts Institute o Technologie''' ({{lang-en|Massachusetts Institute of Technology}} '''MIT''') is a [[Private varsity|private]] [[research varsity|resairch varsity]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], aften citit as ane o the warld's maist prestigious varsities.<ref name="bloomberg1">{{cite web |last=Altaner |first=David |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-10/harvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html|title=Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports |publisher=Bloomberg|date=March 9, 2011|accessdate=2015-04-01}}</ref><ref name="morgan1">{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=John|title=Top Six Universities Dominate THE World Reputation Rankings|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|quote="The rankings suggest that the top six - Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University and the University of Oxford - form a group of globally recognised "super brands".|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-date=2014-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153936/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="encyclopedia1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology.aspx#2 |publisher=Encyclopedia.com|quote="It has long been recognized as an outstanding technological institute and its Sloan School of Management has notable programs in business, economics, and finance."}}</ref><ref name="britannica1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368456/Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology-MIT |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=November 18, 2014|quote="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), privately controlled coeducational institution of higher learning famous for its scientific and technological training and research."}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|42.35982|-71.09211|region:US_type:edu|display=title}} [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Ingineerin varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Laund-grant varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Rugby league stadiums]] [[Category:Technical varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Cambridge, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Technological varsities]] [[Category:1861 establishments]] fvjm8xyg3yi1dl2jyoshd02b9484ojt 919448 919442 2026-07-16T11:10:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity | name = {{nowrap|Massachusetts Institute o Technologie}} | image = | image_size = 150px | motto = ''Mens et Manus'' ([[Laitin]]) | mottoeng = Mynd an Haund<ref name="seal">{{cite web| title = Symbols: Seal | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url = http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/seal.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | established = {{start date|1861|04|10}} | type = [[Private varsity|Private]]<br />[[Laund-grant varsity|Laund grant]]<br/>[[Space grant colleges|Space-grant]] | academic_affiliations = [[Association o American Varsities|AAU]]<br />[[Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities in Massachusetts|AICUM]]<br />[[Association o Independent Technological Varsities|AITU]]<br />[[Association o Public an Laund-Grant Varsities|APLU]]<br />[[The Consortium on Financin Heicher Eddication|COFHE]]<br />[[Naitional Association o Independent Colleges an Varsities|NAICU]]<ref>[http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp NAICU – Member Directory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109231238/http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp |date=November 9, 2015 }}</ref><br />[[Varsities Resairch Association|URA]]<br />[[568 Group]] | endowment = $13.182 billion (2016)<ref name=NACUBO>As o Juin 30, 2016. {{cite web |url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2015 to FY 2016 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2017 |access-date=2017-05-22 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225044952/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2016-Endowment-Market-Values.pdf%0A |url-status=dead }}</ref> | chancellor = [[Cynthia Barnhart]] | president = [[L. Rafael Reif]] | provost = Martin A. Schmidt | students = 11,319<ref name="Enrollment Statistics">{{cite web|title=Enrollment Statistics|publisher=MIT Registrar|url=http://web.mit.edu/registrar/stats/yrpts/index.html |accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref> | undergrad = 4,512<ref name="Enrollment Statistics"/> | postgrad = 6,807 | city = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] | state = [[Massachusetts]] | country = U.S. | campus = Urban, {{convert|168|acre|ha|1}}<ref name="Campus">{{cite web|title=The Campus|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/campus.html|publisher=MIT Facts 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> | free_label = Newspaper | free = ''[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]'' | mascot = [[Tim the Beaver]]<ref>{{cite web| title = Symbols: Mascot | work = MIT Graphic Identity | publisher = MIT | url =http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/symbols/mascot.html |accessdate=September 8, 2010}}</ref> | sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Diveesion III]] – [[New Ingland Wummen's an Men's Athletic Conference|NEWMAC]], [[New Ingland Fitbaw Conference|NEFC]],<br />[[Pilgrim Lacrosse League|Pilgrim League]]<br />[[NCAA Diveesion I|Diveesion I]] – [[Eastren Association o Rowin Colleges|EARC]] & [[Eastren Association o Wummen's Rowin Colleges|EAWRC]] {{small|(rowin)}} | website = {{url|www.mit.edu}} | logo = [[File:MIT logo 2003-2023.svg|center|85px|MIT Logo]] | faculty = 1,021<ref name=MITFactFacStaff>{{cite web|title=Faculty and Staff|url=http://web.mit.edu/facts/faculty.html|work=MIT Facts|publisher=MIT|accessdate=2014-03-11}}</ref> | colors = Cardinal Reid & Steel Gray<ref>{{cite web|title=Colors - MIT Graphic Identity|url=http://web.mit.edu/graphicidentity/colors.html|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><br />{{color box|#A31F34}}&nbsp;{{color box|#8A8B8C}} | athletics_nickname = [[MIT Ingineers|Ingineers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mitathletics.com/|title=The Official Site of MIT Intercollegiate Athletics - MIT|work=mitathletics.com}}</ref> |native_name=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|native_name_lang=en}} The '''Massachusetts Institute o Technologie''' ({{lang-en|Massachusetts Institute of Technology}} '''MIT''') is a [[Private varsity|private]] [[research varsity|resairch varsity]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], aften citit as ane o the warld's maist prestigious varsities.<ref name="bloomberg1">{{cite web |last=Altaner |first=David |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-10/harvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html|title=Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports |publisher=Bloomberg|date=March 9, 2011|accessdate=2015-04-01}}</ref><ref name="morgan1">{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=John|title=Top Six Universities Dominate THE World Reputation Rankings|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|quote="The rankings suggest that the top six - Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University and the University of Oxford - form a group of globally recognised "super brands".|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-date=2014-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404153936/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011/reputation-ranking/analysis|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="encyclopedia1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology.aspx#2 |publisher=Encyclopedia.com|quote="It has long been recognized as an outstanding technological institute and its Sloan School of Management has notable programs in business, economics, and finance."}}</ref><ref name="britannica1">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368456/Massachusetts-Institute-of-Technology-MIT |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=November 18, 2014|quote="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), privately controlled coeducational institution of higher learning famous for its scientific and technological training and research."}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|42.35982|-71.09211|region:US_type:edu|display=title}} [[Category:Massachusetts Institute o Technology| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Ingineerin varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Laund-grant varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Rugby league stadiums]] [[Category:Technical varsities an colleges]] [[Category:Cambridge, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Technological varsities]] [[Category:1861 establishments]] nbom3lrvv2dx434rbcf10hoxe7nv7w6 Friderico-Francisceum 0 177348 919420 608786 2026-07-16T07:37:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |title = Friderico-Francisceum (FFG) |image = [[File:Gymnasium Bad Doberan.jpg|frameless|Friderico-Francisceum, 2012]] |caption = Friderico-Francisceum, 2012 |headerstyle = background:#ccf; |labelstyle = background:#ddf; |header1 = Location |label2 = [[Toun]] |data2 = [[Bad Doberan]] |label3 = [[States o Germany|State]] |data3 = [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] |label4 = [[Kintra]] |data4 = [[Germany]] |label5 = [[Coordinate seestem|Coordinates]] |data5 = {{coord|54|06|16|N|11|54|15|E|region:DE-MV_type:edu|display=inline,title}} |header6 = History |label7 = Foondit |data7 = [[21 Aprile]] [[1879]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ffg-dbr.de/geschichte/|title=Geschichte & Direktoren der Schule|publisher=Friderico-Francisceum|access-date=23 September 2017|language=de|archive-date=2017-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626143647/http://www.ffg-dbr.de/geschichte/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |label8 = Foonder |data8 = [[Frederick Francis II]] |header9 = Wabsteid |data10 = [http://www.ffg-dbr.de/ ffg-dbr.de] }} The '''Friderico-Francisceum''' ('''FFG''') is a [[Germany|German]] seicondar [[schuil]] ("Gymnasium") locatit in [[Bad Doberan]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]. The schuil wis foondit in 1879 bi [[Frederick Francis II]], [[Duke|Grand Duke]] o [[Mecklenburg]]-Schwerin. It taks its name frae the foonder. == References == <references /> == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Offeecial wabsteid|ffg-dbr.de}} {{Stub/Germany}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Schuils]] [[Category:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] ipgq0gsegr9w5toaxo8pwu0pfu9fvie Anthony Bourdain 0 183234 919445 789050 2026-07-16T10:41:11Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 919445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recent death}} {{Infobox chef | name = Anthony Bourdain | image = Anthony Bourdain 2014 (cropped).jpg{{!}}border | caption = Bourdain in 2014 | birth_name = Anthony Michael Bourdain | birth_date = {{birth date|1956|6|25}} | birth_place = [[New York Ceety]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|6|8|1956|6|25}} | death_place = [[Kaysersberg-Vignoble]], [[Grand Est]], Fraunce | death_cause = [[Suicide]] | style = [[French cuisine|French]]; [[Leet o cuisines|eclectic]] | education = [[Vassar College]]<br />[[The Culinary Institute o Americae]] | ratings = <!-- [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|0|3}}<br />[[American Automobile Association|AAA Motor Club]] {{Rating|0|5}}<br />[[Mobil]] {{Rating|0|5}}<br />[[Good Food Guide]] {{Rating|0|10}} --> | television = ''[[A Cook's Tour (TV series)|A Cook's Tour]]''<br />''[[Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations]]''<br />''[[The Layover]]''<br />''[[Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown]]'' | prevrests = | children = 1 | spouse = Nancy Putkoski (1985–2005)<br>Ottavia Busia (2007–2016)<br> }} '''Anthony Michael Bourdain''' (25 Juin 1956 – 8 Juin 2018) wis an American chef, author, an telly personality. {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bourdain, Anthony}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:2018 daiths]] [[Category:American chefs]] [[Category:American crime feection writers]] [[Category:American essayists]] [[Category:American fuid writers]] [[Category:American graphic novelists]] [[Category:American memoirists]] [[Category:American practeetioners o Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] [[Category:20t-century American novelists]] [[Category:20t-century male writers]] [[Category:21st-century American novelists]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:American televeesion chefs]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Culinary Institute of America alumni]] [[Category:Food Network chefs]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk frae Leonia, New Jersey]] [[Category:Vassar College alumni]] [[Category:Writers frae New York Ceety]] [[Category:CNN fowk]] [[Category:Top Chef juidges]] [[Category:American male novelists]] [[Category:American male essayists]] [[Category:20t-century essayists]] [[Category:21st-century essayists]] [[Category:21st-century male writers]] [[Category:Suicides bi hangin in Fraunce]] [[Category:Male suicides]] [[Category:Chefs that committit suicide]] 9l6s5hvc87vhcoi5gpmlgjiz3rsu0x3 919446 919445 2026-07-16T10:42:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 It is nae langer a recent daith 919446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox chef | name = Anthony Bourdain | image = Anthony Bourdain 2014 (cropped).jpg{{!}}border | caption = Bourdain in 2014 | birth_name = Anthony Michael Bourdain | birth_date = {{birth date|1956|6|25}} | birth_place = [[New York Ceety]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|6|8|1956|6|25}} | death_place = [[Kaysersberg-Vignoble]], [[Grand Est]], Fraunce | death_cause = [[Suicide]] | style = [[French cuisine|French]]; [[Leet o cuisines|eclectic]] | education = [[Vassar College]]<br />[[The Culinary Institute o Americae]] | ratings = <!-- [[Michelin star]]s {{Rating|0|3}}<br />[[American Automobile Association|AAA Motor Club]] {{Rating|0|5}}<br />[[Mobil]] {{Rating|0|5}}<br />[[Good Food Guide]] {{Rating|0|10}} --> | television = ''[[A Cook's Tour (TV series)|A Cook's Tour]]''<br />''[[Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations]]''<br />''[[The Layover]]''<br />''[[Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown]]'' | prevrests = | children = 1 | spouse = Nancy Putkoski (1985–2005)<br>Ottavia Busia (2007–2016)<br> }} '''Anthony Michael Bourdain''' (25 Juin 1956 – 8 Juin 2018) wis an American chef, author, an telly personality. {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bourdain, Anthony}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:2018 daiths]] [[Category:American chefs]] [[Category:American crime feection writers]] [[Category:American essayists]] [[Category:American fuid writers]] [[Category:American graphic novelists]] [[Category:American memoirists]] [[Category:American practeetioners o Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] [[Category:20t-century American novelists]] [[Category:20t-century male writers]] [[Category:21st-century American novelists]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:American televeesion chefs]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Culinary Institute of America alumni]] [[Category:Food Network chefs]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk frae Leonia, New Jersey]] [[Category:Vassar College alumni]] [[Category:Writers frae New York Ceety]] [[Category:CNN fowk]] [[Category:Top Chef juidges]] [[Category:American male novelists]] [[Category:American male essayists]] [[Category:20t-century essayists]] [[Category:21st-century essayists]] [[Category:21st-century male writers]] [[Category:Suicides bi hangin in Fraunce]] [[Category:Male suicides]] [[Category:Chefs that committit suicide]] 2y30lrjxc8mpm1o9a3yji546btskbw9 Borgue 0 215915 919410 878406 2026-07-16T02:11:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place |official_name = Borgue |static_image = Borgue Village - geograph.org.uk - 108634.jpg |static_image_width = 240px |static_image_caption = Borgue Veelage |coordinates = {{coord|54.812|-4.134|display=inline,title}} |os_grid_reference = NX629484 |unitary_scotland = [[Dumfries and Galloway]] |lieutenancy_scotland = [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] |country = Scotland |post_town = KIRKCUDBRIGHT |postcode_area = DG |postcode_district = DG6 |dial_code = 01557 |constituency_westminster = [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Galloway and West Dumfries (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and West Dumfries]] }} '''Borgue''' (pronoonce't {{IPA|/ˈbɔrɡ/}}) is a veelage an pairish in [[Kirkcoubrieshire|the Stewartrie o Kirkcoubrie]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It is 5 mile soothwast o [[Kirkcoubrie]] an 6 mile sooth o [[Gatehoose o Fleet]]. The name Borgue (recordit as Borg in 1469) is fae the [[Auld Norse]] ''borg'' meanin 'stronghold'.<ref> {{Cite book|title = Scottish Place Names |url = https://archive.org/details/scottishplacenam0000nico_o0v0 |last = Nicolaisen|first = W. F. H.|publisher = John Donald|year = 2001|isbn = |location = Edinburgh|pages = [https://archive.org/details/scottishplacenam0000nico_o0v0/page/144 144]}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book|title = Scandinavian Place-Names in Northern Britain as Evidence for Language Contact and Interaction |last = Grant|first = Alison Elizabeth|publisher = University of Glasgow (Unpublished PhD Thesis)|year = 2003|isbn = |location = |pages = 260|url = http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1637/1/2003grantphd.pdf#page=267|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101059/http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1637/1/2003grantphd.pdf#page=267 |archive-date = 2015-04-02}}</ref> Borgue Pairish Kirk wis biggit in 1814 an designt bi airchitecht [[Walter Newall]] wi alterations datin fae 1897-8.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/49297770|title=Dumfries and Galloway|last=Gifford, John.|date=2002|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300096712|oclc=49297770}}</ref> Acause o a dwinnlin congregation it closed in August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/hundreds-people-gather-last-ever-13157361|title=Final service at Borgue Church|last=Norris|first=Stephen|date=2018-08-29|website=dailyrecord|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> The kirkyaird conteens the late 19t century Gothic mausoleum o the [[Gordons o Earlstoun]]. Accordin tae fowk tradeetion, Borgue wis ance the hame o a boy that coud converse wi the [[Fairy|fairies]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fairy Boy of Borgue - Mysterious Britain & Ireland |url=http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/scotland/kircudbrightshire/folklore/fairy-boy-of-borgue.html |publisher=Mysterious Britain & Ireland |accessdate=17 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090758/http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/scotland/kircudbrightshire/folklore/fairy-boy-of-borgue.html# |archive-date=2014-08-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Castle Haven dun== [[File:Castle Haven, Borgue.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Castle Haven]] Within the the pairish, near Kirkandrews, an directly wast o the veelage o Borgue, is Castle Haven, an [[Airn Age]] hill-fort o a no certaint date that is designatit a [[schedule't national moniment]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM1116|desc=Castle Haven,dun,Castle Haven Bay |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/63623/castle-haven |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-03 |archive-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072822/https://canmore.org.uk/site/63623/castle-haven |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anely aboot 34.5 fit x 59 fit in size, Castle Haven is o an unuisual D-shape wi an awmaist straucht wast waw rinnin alang the edge o a clift. The fort is noo owergrowen an difficult tae see in the laundskip, bit a near concentric ooter waw remeens; the main entry is in the airch segment til the north, while a smawer entry at the sooth end leads doun til the strand. Anither antrin featur o this fort is the awmaist quite howe construction o the waw, that conteens three gaileries o different lenths within its thickness; sax adits leads til the gaileries. Stairs leads til the tap o the waw. Artefacts fund durin restoration - twa spiral bronze finger rings, an a blue an white gless bead - pynts that its uisers wis relative sonsie. Thare wis shaups o an enamelt [[Middle Ages|Middle Age]] brooch an aw. ==Namely fowk== * [[William Nicholson (poet)|William Nicholson]] (1782-1849) - poet (the Bard o Galloway) * [[Hugh Blair o Borgue]] (1708-1860s) - jeeger-lik laird in the 18t century * [[George Cook]], [[Moderator o the General Assemmly o the Kirk o Scotland]] (in 1876) - meenister o Borgue * [[Samuel Smith (UK Leeberal Pairty politeecian)|Samuel Smith]] (1836-1906) - [[Leeberal Pairty (UK)]] politeecian * [[John James Pringle]] (1855-1922) - dermatologist * [[Henry Dalziel, 1st Baron Dalziel o Kirkcaldy]] (1868-1935) - newspaper proprietor an member o pairlament * Sir [[Robin Gray (New Zealand politeecian)|Robin Gray]] (born 1931) - Speaker o the New Zealand Hoose o Representatives fae 1990 tae 1993, that wis born in Borgue * [[Adam Gray]], local historian an scriever * [[Randolph Stewart, 13t Yerl o Gallowa]] (born 1928) - Scots noble an the praisent [[Yerl o Gallowa]] ==Leetit biggins in Borgue== * Knockbrex House, Haha and Garden Walls, Sundials, Gates, Gatepiers, an Boundary Walls * Knockbrex Stables * Kirkandrews Chapel, Burial Grund, an Boundary Walls * Kirkandrews Cottages * Knockbrex Bathing House, includin Castellated Former Store * Knockbrex "Toy Fort", Gatepiers, Gates, an Boundary Walls * Margrie * Borgue Hotel * Chapelton Row * Borgue Old House * Little Ross, Ross Lighthouse * Law Carleton Farmhouse and Old Mill Building * Rockvale Quay, Brighouse Bay * Cairniehill, Farm hoose, Horsemill, an Former Threshing Barn * Barmagachan * Balmangan Touer, at Balmangan Farm * Borgue Village - Memorial tae William Nicholson * Senwick House and Gatepiers * Earlston Stables * Kirkandrews Old Kirk and Churchyard * Borgue Parish Kirk and Churchyard * Chapelton Row - 2-storey hoose * Conchieton * Corseyard Farm and Boundary Walls * Little Ross Cottages * Plunton Castle ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Borgue, Dumfries and Galloway}} * [http://www.imchad.freeola.com/mc_clumpha/towns/brg.htm Photos o Borgue veelage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214148/http://www.imchad.freeola.com/mc_clumpha/towns/brg.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} * [http://www.borgueprimary.ik.org/ Borgue Primary Schuil wabsteid]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.kirkcudbright.co/borgue.asp Borgue Pairish hame wabsteid] * [http://www.kirkyards.co.uk/borgue.asp Transcriptions an photographs o heid-stanes in Borgue Pairish] [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} n7e38qyx37bj84bjonxqp5gvocqhfo5 George Pell 0 221877 919424 875986 2026-07-16T08:10:49Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Stub}} {{Infobox Christian leader |type = Cardinal |honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] |name = George Pell |honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AC|size=100%}} |title = [[Cardinal (Catholic Kirk)|Cardinal]]<br />Prefect emeritus o the [[Secretariat for the Economy]] |image = Cardinal George Pell in 2012.jpg |image_size = |caption = Pell in 2012 |church = [[Catholic Kirk]] |appointed = 24 Februar 2014 |term_end = 24 Februar 2019 |predecessor = |successor = [[Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves]] |other_post = Cardinal priest o [[Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello, Roum|Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello]] (2003–present) |ordination = 16 December 1966 |ordained_by = [[Gregorio Pietro Agagianian]] |consecration = 21 Mey 1987 |consecrated_by = [[Frank Little (bishop)|Frank Little]] |cardinal = 21 October 2003 |created_cardinal_by = [[Pape John Paul II|John Paul II]] |rank = [[Cardinal priest]] |laicized = |birth_date = {{birth date|1941|6|8|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Ballarat]], [[Victoria (Australie)|Victoria]], [[Australie]] |death_date = 10 Januar 2023 (aged 81) |death_place = [[Vatican Ceety]] |previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Diocese o Scala|Titular Bishop o Scala]] (1987–1996)|[[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Melbourne|Auxiliary Bishop o Melbourne]] (1987–1996)|[[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Melbourne|Airchbishop o Melbourne]] (1996–2001)|[[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Sydney|Airchbishop o Sydney]] (2001–2014)|Member o the [[Cooncil o Cardinal Advisers]] (2013–2018)|Prefect o the [[Secretariat for the Economy]] (2014–2019)}} |alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Corpus Christi College, Melbourne]]}}|[[Pontifical Urban Varsity]]|[[Campion Hall, Oxford]]|[[Monash Varsity]]}} |signature = George Pell Signature.svg |coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of George Pell.svg |motto = {{lang|la|Nolite timere}}<br />("Be nae afraid") }} <!-- Inappropriate to have this box for the present, but keep until Director of Public Prosecutions chooses to not re-open prosecution. {{Infobox criminal | honorific_prefix = | name = George Pell | image = | image_upright = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | monuments = | agent = | known_for = Heichest ranked Catholic leader convictit o child sex offences | criminal_charge = | conviction_penalty = {{bulleted list|6 years' imprisonment|A [[parole|non-parole]] period of 3 years and 8 months}} | conviction_status = {{bulleted list|Convicted (2018)|Conviction upheld on [[appeal]] to the [[Victorian Court of Appeal|{{abbr|VCA|Victorian Court of Appeal}}]] (2019)|Conviction overturned by the [[High Court of Australia|{{abbr|HCA|High Court of Australia}}]] (2020)}} | capture_status = Incarcerated; to be freed | motive = | conviction = {{bulleted list|[[Child sexual abuse|Sexual penetration of a child]] under 16 years (1 charge)|[[Indecent exposure|Indecent act]] with or in the presence of a child under 16 years (4 charges)}} | victims = Two teenage boys (at the time of the crime), one since deceased | comments = Subject to a separate canonical investigation by the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] | time = | beginyear = | endyear = | imprisoned = [[HM Prison Barwon]] | footnotes =<ref name=highest /><ref name="guilty verdict" /><ref name="9News-sentence-20190313" /><ref name=dpp-v-pell-sentence-2019-vcc-260>{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/vic/VCC/2019/260.html|title=DPP v Pell (sentence)|website=AustLII|date=13 March 2019|accessdate=24 August 2019}} --VCC is not yet in "cite AustLII" template-- </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.countycourt.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2019-03/dpp-v-pell-sentence-2019-vcc-260.pdf|title=Director of Public Prosecutions v George Pell|website=County Court of Victoria|date=13 March 2019|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=ABC-milligan-sentence>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-13/george-pell-sentencing-inside-the-court/10896292 |title=George Pell looked a changed man as he was sentenced for his crime |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |author=Milligan, Louise |date=14 March 2019 |accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=broadcast /><ref name="VCA dismissal" /><ref name="HCA appeal lodge ABCNews" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Adam |title=Father of dead Pell victim thanks son's friend for 'guts to come forward' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/father-of-dead-pell-victim-thanks-son-s-friend-for-guts-to-come-forward-20190304-p511pe.html |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="george-pell-held-in-solitary">{{cite web |last1=Ferguson |first1=John |title=George Pell held in solitary, praying and writing |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/george-pell-held-in-solitary-praying-and-writing/news-story/05ae460754ee88f66837f455c5301d12 |website=The Australian |accessdate=14 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Drone flies over pedophile cardinal's Australian prison |url=https://apnews.com/a68cff4b63a851d8e66869af944e553d |accessdate=14 January 2020 |work=AP NEWS |agency=Associated Press |date=12 January 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200114152835/https://apnews.com/a68cff4b63a851d8e66869af944e553d |archivedate=14 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> }} --> {{Ordination | ordained deacon by = | date of diaconal ordination = | place of diaconal ordination = | ordained priest by = [[Gregorio Pietro Agagianian]] (Pref. [[Congregation for Propagation o the Faith|Sacr. Cong. Prop. Fide]]) | date of priestly ordination = 16 December 1966 | place of priestly ordination = [[St. Peter's Basilica]], [[Vatican Ceety]] | consecrated by = [[Frank Little (bishop)|Frank Little]] ([[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Melbourne|Melbourne]]) | co-consecrators = [[Ronald Mulkearns]] ([[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat|Ballarat]])<br />[[Joseph O'Connell (bishop)|Joseph O'Connell]] (Melbourne aux.) | date of consecration = 21 Mey 1987 | place of consecration = [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne]] | elevated by = [[Pape John Paul II]] | date of elevation = 21 October 2003 | bishop 1 = [[Denis Hart]] | consecration date 1 = 9 December 1997 | bishop 2 = [[Joseph Grech]] | consecration date 2 = 10 Februar 1999 | bishop 3 = [[Christopher Toohey]] | consecration date 3 = 30 August 2001 | bishop 4 = [[Julian Porteous]] | consecration date 4 = 3 September 2003 | bishop 5 = [[Anthony Fisher]] | consecration date 5 = 3 September 2003 | bishop 6 = [[Terence Brady (bishop)|Terence Brady]] | consecration date 6 = 16 November 2007 | bishop 7 = [[Michael McKenna (bishop)|Michael McKenna]] | consecration date 7 = 26 Juin 2009 | bishop 8 = [[Peter Comensoli]] | consecration date 8 = 8 Juin 2011 | bishop 9 = [[William Wright (Australie bishop)|William Wright]] | consecration date 9 = 15 Juin 2011 | sources = }} '''George Pell''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AC}} (born 8 Juin 1941; deed 10 Januar 2023) wis an Australie [[Cardinal (Catholic Kirk)|cardinal]] o the [[Catholic Kirk]]. In 2020, the [[Heich Coort o Australie]] owerturned<ref>{{cite news |last=Davey |first=Melissa |url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/07/cardinal-george-pell-conviction-quashed-australia-high-court-freed-jail-appeal-upheld |title=George Pell: Australian cardinal to be released from jail after high court quashes child sex abuse conviction |date=7 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |access-date=7 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Le Grand |first=Chip |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/pell-to-walk-free-after-high-court-overturns-conviction-20200407-p54hqe.html |title=Pell to walk free after High Court overturns conviction |date=7 April 2020 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=7 April 2020 }}</ref> the [[Coonty Coort o Victoria|Coonty Coort o Victoria's]] 2018 conveection o Pell on chairges o sexual offences an set aside the orders o the [[Victorian Coort o Appeal]] rejectin appeal.<ref>[https://www.theaustralian.com.au/inquirer/travesty-of-justice-trusted-institutions-fail-pell-public/news-story/04a4dabedeb056f5c6d83d37fed07f01 "Travesty of justice: 'trusted' institutions fail Pell, public"], ''The Australian'', 11 April 2020.</ref><ref name="guilty verdict">Guilty verdict: *{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicregister.org/home/international/item/28607-australia-s-cardinal-pell-found-guilty-of-sex-abuse-expected-to-appeal|title=Australia's Cardinal Pell found guilty of sex abuse, expected to appeal|work=Catholic Register|accessdate=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215230726/https://www.catholicregister.org/home/international/item/28607-australia-s-cardinal-pell-found-guilty-of-sex-abuse-expected-to-appeal|archive-date=15 December 2018|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2018/12/12/cardinal-pell-top-advisor-pope-francis-found-guilty-historical-sexual-offenses |title=Cardinal Pell, top advisor to Pope Francis, found guilty of 'historical sexual offenses' |date=12 December 2018 |website=America Magazine |accessdate=13 December 2018 }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/reports-of-pell-guilty-verdict-emerge-despite-gag-order-32220/ |title=Reports of Pell guilty verdict emerge, despite gag order |first=Ed |last=Condon |website=Catholic News Agency |accessdate=13 December 2018 |archive-date=2020-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704193921/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/reports-of-pell-guilty-verdict-emerge-despite-gag-order-32220 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite news |last1=Farhl |first1=Paul |title=An Australian court's gag order is no match for the Internet, as word gets out about prominent cardinal's conviction |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/an-australian-courts-gag-order-is-no-match-for-the-internet-as-word-gets-out-about-prominent-cardinals-conviction/2018/12/13/5137005c-fef5-11e8-83c0-b06139e540e5_story.html |accessdate=16 December 2018 |work=The Washington Post |date=13 December 2018 }}</ref><ref name="9News-sentence-20190313">{{cite news |author1=Rose, Tim |author2=Rugg, Eliza |author3=Ansell, Benjamin |title=George Pell alone, handcuffed and in the back of a prison van |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/george-pell-sentencing-child-sex-abuse-live-coverage-catholic-church-news-melbourne/0b688a4f-89fc-4510-a3b0-c31ab7e78dd0 |work=9News |date=14 March 2019 |accessdate=14 March 2019}}</ref> Pell remeens unner separate investigation bi the [[Haly See]]'s [[Congregation for the Doctrine o the Faith]] for thir allegations o abuiss. Pell dee'd on 10 Januar 2023 in [[Vatican Ceety]], ten day efter umwhile [[Pape Benedict XVI]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pell, George}} [[Category:1941 births]] [[Category:2023 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Roman Catholic airchbishops]] [[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic airchbishops]] [[Category:Alumni o Campion Hall, Oxford]] [[Category:Australie cardinals]] [[Category:Australie essayists]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Australie releegious writers]] [[Category:Australie republicans]] [[Category:Australie rules fitbawers frae Victoria (Australie)]] [[Category:Cardinals creautit bi Pape John Paul II]] [[Category:Cardinals in Australie]] [[Category:Catholic Kirk sexual abuiss scandals in Australie]] [[Category:Companions o the Order o Australie]] [[Category:Delegates tae the Australie Constitutional Convention 1998]] [[Category:Members o the Congregation for Bishops]] [[Category:Members o the Congregation for the Doctrine o the Faith]] [[Category:Members o the Congregation for the Evangelisation o Fowks]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Haly Sepulchre]] [[Category:Members o the Pontifical Cooncil for the Promotion o the New Evangelisation]] [[Category:Monash Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Owerturned conveections in Australie]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at St Patrick's College, Ballarat]] [[Category:Fowk frae Ballarat]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Lazarus (statutit 1910)]] [[Category:Roman Catholic Airchbishops o Melbourne]] [[Category:Roman Catholic Airchbishops o Sydney]] [[Category:Roman Catholic writers]] czslalh53qrkxf8pzem3feiyyc2xzm0 Brudick 0 222710 919412 831292 2026-07-16T02:32:37Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place | official_name = Brudick | scots_name = | gaelic_name = Breadhaig | static_image_name = PS Waverley off Brodick castle 1989.jpg | static_image_caption= The [[PS Waverley|Paddle Steamer ''Waverley'']] lies in Brudick Bay in front of [[Brodick Castle]]. | country = Scotland | map_type = Scotland | population = 621 | population_ref = ([[Unitit Kinrick Census 2001|2001 census]])<ref name="brodick_census">{{cite web | publisher=Scotland's Census Results Online | title=Comparative Population Profile: Brodick Locality | url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=brodick&mainLevel=Locality | date=29 April 2001 | accessdate=1 May 2011 | archive-date=2011-05-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519163120/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=brodick&mainLevel=Locality | url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_density = 6.54 (persons per hectare)<ref name="genuki">{{cite web | url=http://www.ayrshire-jsu.gov.uk/download/popdennorth1.pdf | title=Population - North Ayrshire Settlements | publisher=Ayrshire JSU | date=2001 | accessdate=1 May 2011 | archive-date=2008-12-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203141346/http://www.ayrshire-jsu.gov.uk/download/popdennorth1.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | os_grid_reference = NS014358 | edinburgh_distance = 96 miles | london_distance = 443 miles | coordinates = {{coord|55.576|-5.151|display=inline,title}} | post_town = BRODICK | postcode_area = KA | postcode_district = KA27 | dial_code = 01770 | constituency_westminster = [[North Ayrshire an Arran (UK Pairlament constituency)|North Ayrshire an Arran]] | civil_parish = Kilbride<ref name="genuki_kilbrade">{{cite web | url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/sct/BUT/Kilbride/index.html | title=Kilbride, Buteshire | publisher=GENUKI | date=16 November 2010 | accessdate=1 May 2011 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106114859/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/sct/BUT/Kilbride/index.html | archivedate=2010-11-06 | url-status=live }}</ref> | unitary_scotland = [[North Ayrshire]] | lieutenancy_scotland = [[Ayrshire an Arran]] | constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Cunninghame North (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Cunninghame North]] | website = [http://www.north-ayrshire.gov.uk/ North Ayrshire] }} '''Brudick''' ({{lang-en|Brodick}}, {{lang-gd|Breadhaig}} or ''Tràigh a' Chaisteil'' ("Castle Beach")) is the main settlement on the [[Isle o Arran]],<ref name="visitscotland">{{cite web | url=http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,RGN804vs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home/home.html | title=Brodick | publisher=VisitScotland | accessdate=1 May 2011 | archive-date=2011-05-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512055501/http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5%2Cen%2CSCH1/objectId%2CRGN804vs%2Ccurr%2CGBP%2Cseason%2Cat1%2CselectedEntry%2Chome/home.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> in the [[Firth o Clyde]], [[Scotland]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Veelages in the Isle o Arran]] [[Category:Ports an herbours o Scotland]] g1265iiiigiugerr6txuly5b7de72kd Uiser:Trade/Country of origin 2 225865 919415 919166 2026-07-16T06:30:32Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 919415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item (wdt:P495)* wd:Q22 } |sort=label |columns=label:label,P31,P18,P571,P577,P136 |thumb=128 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! label ! instance o ! eemage ! date o foondation or creation ! date o publication ! genre |- | ''[[:d:Q16323131|100 Pipers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:100 Pipers bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4638043|44 Scotland Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48814513|5 Star Wrestling]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130348409|A Bear Named Wojtek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17517379|animated short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202866|animatit film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656103|A Cool Head]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30638714|A Dark so Deadly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q347332|A Disaffection]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656829|A Foot in the Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107680425|A frog he would a-wooing go]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1549" | 1549 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4657112|A Good Hanging and Other Stories]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3549611|A Legend of Montrose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Walter Scott Legend of Montrose Illustration.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q120097613|A little child the Saviour came]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408011|A Lost Lady of Old Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55081833|A Practical Guide to a Spectacular Suicide]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4659095|A Question of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659137|A Ramble Round the Globe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q103296523|A Rooster, "Gallas Furcatus," Forked Tail Wild Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103296534|A Rooster, "Gallus Oeneus," Wild Golden Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4359779|A Song of Stone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[Science fiction|science feection]]<br/>''[[:d:Q197949|post-apocalyptic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659839|A Stranger Came Ashore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-07 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''<br/>[[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4660121|A Thread of Scarlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4646807|A' Cleachdadh na Gàidhlig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137165572|Abaire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113336119|Abandoned Stars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5741069|rock baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-15 | | [[Progressive metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q212348|Aberdeen Angus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Angus cattle 10.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Abernethy biscuit]] | | [[File:Abernethy Biscuits..jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138880137|Ablutions]]'' | ''[[:d:Q580807|albumen print]]'' | [[File:Ablutions (2015.67.61).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96192714|Accidents and disasters on land]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Accidents and disasters on land.pdf|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4691060|Against a Dark Background]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399495|Ah, Chloris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11019883|Air ais air an Ran Dan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q13484144|Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013<br/>2020 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53866684|Aironauts]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q10299630|Amélia II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia II (3º) croped.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4749698|An Account of Capers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16821450|An Account of Corsica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:An Account of Corsica, title page.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138179461|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135529092|Analecta Graeca Minora]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790s | |- | ''[[:d:Q4751170|Anam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30590462|Ancestor Stones]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4753430|And the Land Lay Still]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104791679|Andrina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2851345|Anne of Geierstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Anne of G 1829.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108856925|Aon Teanga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4784939|Arbroath smokie]]'' | | [[File:Arbroath Smokies - geograph.org.uk - 481678.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121628098|Argyll aircraft engine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1753786|sleeve valve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Argyll aircraft engine.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1252344|Armageddon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]''<br/>[[beer]] | [[File:Brewmeister Armageddon label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2600426|Arms of Mary]]'' | ''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1992 | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2047814|Palingsound]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104099453|Art and archaeology papers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399249|Auld Gudeman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102961830|Autumn River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:Autumn River - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1979.0303P.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q793281|Ayrshire cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Biggle cow book (Plate III) (6835787694).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30646489|Bad Hotel]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q687397|Ballantine's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]'' | [[File:Scotch Whisky (aka).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56275857|Band of the Royal Regiment of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1078286|military band]]'' | [[File:The Band of The Royal Regiment of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q86752397|Bannan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108472340|Battalion of Flies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Bay City Rollers]] | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:BayCityRollers1976RobBogaerts.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]]<br/>''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837837|power pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76092|glam rock]]''<br/>[[Pop muisic|pop]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89285051|Beach Bounce]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q37619|Bearded Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Bearded Collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61642181|Beats]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-01-24<br/>2019-05-17<br/>2019-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4880450|Beggars Banquet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4883072|Bell's whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:BellScotch.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816198|Belted Galloway]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4885960|Ben Jonson Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399616|Bess the Gawkie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122310744|Big Crown: Showdown]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-14 | |- | ''[[:d:Q51756400|Big Gold Dream]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q26492705|Bird Magic No. 10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[abstract airt]] |- | ''[[:d:Q471241|Bis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3612973|Black & Blue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4920219|Black & White]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black & White (whisky) bottle 04.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Black bun]] | | [[File:Black bun cut open.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16971600|Black Dog Scotch Whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black Dog Scotch Whisky Logo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4922585|Blackbird]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q21010853|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25635147|Blas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11483816|annual event]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4925907|Bleeding Hearts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4927621|Blood Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q24256086|Bloons TD 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q885603|Blue Angels Motorcycle Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q182391|motorcycle club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849110|outlaw motorcycle club]]'' | [[File:Blue Angels Erpe-Mere.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399465|Blue bonnets over the border]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297548|Blue Flower]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38450|Blue Paul Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4929839|Blue Shoes and Happiness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137649426|Blàrag a' Bhò]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4934527|Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-12 | ''[[:d:Q1153173|educational entertainment]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34222620|Bonnie Chirsty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37710|border collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Argentine border collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407754|Border Life]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326445|Boreray sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Boreray Ewes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16845069|Bothy band]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3066180|bouncy techno]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106648058|Bowie family of Maryland]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4952596|Boyracers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q223945|Bildungsroman]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21997425|Break the Chains]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109923688|Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q108611897|horse racing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q63610141|Breve Historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03 | |- | [[Bridie]] | | [[File:Bridie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16846610|Brighton Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4975393|Brose]]'' | [[fuid]] | [[File:Atholl brose.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138773600|Brothers Reid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297846|Brount]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q32094891|Brut@l]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-09 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106511534|Bubba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15632617|feectional human]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569167|gemme character]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4982543|Buchanan's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4984149|Buddha Da]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20200837|Bunessan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16954518|Bunkered]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20638877|Butcher's Broom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | [[Butterie]] | | [[File:Aberdeen Buttery.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Caber toss]] | | [[File:Caber 2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5016556|Cado Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37888|Cairn Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Cairn-Terrier-Garten1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136001349|Cala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5019561|calf's liver and bacon]]'' | | [[File:Calf's liver, bacon and mash at Staplefield, West Sussex, England 1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128969|Calimero]]'' | ''[[:d:Q63952888|anime television series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5027077|Camp Coffee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle, essence (AM 629460).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5030993|Canal Dreams]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q131303582|Canty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q617216|caramel shortbread]]'' | | [[File:Millionaire's shortbread.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3221381|Castle Dangerous]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-11 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5050556|Castlemilk Moorit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Borris the ram shorn.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2277829|Catriona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Catriona (novel).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107537699|Chaotic Youth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621198|Chick's Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5098501|Children of This Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1069502|Chivas Regal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:Chivas regal 12yo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4021847|Christmas Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105702790|Christmas video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17352486|Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Chronicles of the Canongate 1st series.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | |- | [[Clapshot]] | | [[File:Clapshot and oatcakes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q463230|claymore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]'' | [[File:Scottish claymore replica (Albion Chieftain)2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Clootie dumplin]] | | [[File:Clootie dumpling.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25217364|Close to the Bone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5136184|Club Cupid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[reality telly]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115740539|Club Life]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-04-13 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | [[Clydesdale horse]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:3 Clydesdale horses.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Cock-a-leekie]] | | [[File:Cock-a-leekie Soup.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124851344|Come, Holy Spirit , descend on us]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585929|Come, Labor On]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q122378424|Commands & Colors: Ancients]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28945174|CommonSpace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1153191|online newspaper]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156663|Complicity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156775|composite rules shinty–hurling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5158085|Conall Cra Bhuidhe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827781|Conquer the Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5163254|Consolevania]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q747339|contra dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | [[File:Glen Echo Park contra dance.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139023201|Conversations in Gaelic and English]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q1346592|bitext]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410671|Corryvreckan]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3436601|Count Robert of Paris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133224168|Countrywoman's Calendar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16952451|Crabbie's]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383629|Crabbit Granny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5180351|Cracked]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] |- | [[cranachan]] | ''[[:d:Q182940|dessert]]'' | [[File:Cranachan (4332953688).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002602|Crime]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109620644|Crimond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5188589|Crossfire]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57705951|Cruinn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136001121|Culla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Cullen skink]] | [[soup]] | [[File:Cullen Skink.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849873|Cunningham]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202444|gien name]]'' | | | | |- | [[Curlin]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]'' | [[File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3007961|Cutty Sark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle of Cutty Sark Scotch Whisky with box.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-03-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126477332|Cygni: All Guns Blazing]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-08-06 | ''[[:d:Q1044478|shoot 'em up]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410399|Côr Harmony]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38336|Dandie Dinmont Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4037031|Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q208189|real-time strategy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18350426|Dateline Scotland]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585958|Day is Done]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5243100|Daybreak Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245078|Dead Air]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112031241|Dead Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Dead Pony (52072572184).jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3617562|Dead Souls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245442|Dead Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5247573|Death of a Ladies' Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-07-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80657151|Debate Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q181761|deep-fried Mars bar]]'' | | [[File:DeepFriedMarsBar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3301197|deep-fried pizza]]'' | ''[[:d:Q116392487|type of pizza]]'' | [[File:Deep Fried Pizza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251004|Deeside]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251821|Degrassi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | [[Dewar's]] | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:DewarsLogo.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846 | | |- | [[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]] | ''[[:d:Q3327521|online dictionary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131344705|dictionary of the Scots language]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9207544|Dimple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5280892|Dirk dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66456966|Discovery and Excavation in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q21834496|archaeology journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5296225|Donkey Punch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5297243|Doors Open]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q115803710|Doughnuts and Doom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q725377|graphic novel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2561438|slice of life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18150777|Downfall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | [[Drambuie]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:New drambuie bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109405060|Dujanah]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17505244|Dumfries Courier]]'' | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | | |- | [[Dundee cake]] | | [[File:Dundee cake.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1266163|Dunlop cheese]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire's Dunlop Cheese.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56279760|Dàin do Eimhir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5325340|Eagleowl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Eagleowl promo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1317816|indie folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q959914|Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002812|Edinburgh Crystal]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338215|Edinburgh Law Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746654|law review]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338306|Edinburgh rock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]'' | [[File:Edinburgh Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137360821|Eemis Stane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5357317|Electric Brae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q83742490|Enough of Him]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | ''[[:d:Q25372|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31970514|Epic Battle Fantasy 4]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q112132374|Epic Battle Fantasy 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q5923834|Japanese role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2246627|Eriskay Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Eriskay pony beinn sciathan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398772|Espedair Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5399160|Espresso Tales]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q1347298|serialized fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5399414|Essays on Philosophical Subjects]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524602|Ettrick Banks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22075098|Even Dogs in the Wild]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-11-05 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5420395|Exit Music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-09-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q102964839|Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1980.013.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107529619|External Menace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621188|Fantasmagoria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102964931|Far from the Sea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5435395|Farl]]'' | [[breid]] | [[File:Ben W Bell Soda Bread Farl 05 June 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q92480206|Fast & Furious: Adrenaline]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5437606|Father Hilary's Holiday]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437626|Father Malachy's Miracle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524785|Fee him, Father]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20012196|FFS]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:FFS (Franz Ferdinand & Sparks) @ Albert Hall, Manchester 25-8-2015 (20284011824).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15749735|Film-Philosophy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1256352|Filth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | [[Finnan haddie]] | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965122|Five Colours]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3797845|Fleshmarket Close]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5464691|Follow Follow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244114|For ever, Fortune]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25171666|Forward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5479814|Francie and Josie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5493518|Fraochy Bay]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q411924|Frazier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5504828|fritter roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83450990|From Scenes Like These]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18611377|From The Doctor to my son Thomas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110879246|video work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q471839|science feection film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3088307|Fromage d'Ayrshire]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506087|Frontline]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506409|fruit pudding]]'' | | [[File:Scottish breakfast pack.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5511555|Féillire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7832290|Gaelic folk music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q106537557|music by ethnic group]]''<br/>[[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16148439|Gaelic music]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5516932|Gahn family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>''[[:d:Q62274319|Swedish unintroduced noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66760350|Galaxy Girls]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q505149|Gallagher and Lyle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109288825|male duo]]'' | [[File:Gallagher and Lyle On Stage In Greenock.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q613408|country rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5519004|Gallery Whispers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124609645|Galloway Adriatic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1148385|straight-six]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Galloway Adriatic.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12018056|Galloway Atlantic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q245272|V12]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Paired Galloway Atlantic engines in a Handley Page V1500.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q935155|Galloway cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Galloway.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126326631|Galloway News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1868552|local newspaper]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138645059|Gangsta Bang - Introduction]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3414877|quest]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5523709|Garnock Way]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5564471|Girl in May]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q19765983|romantic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5416645|Glasgow Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1110794|daily newspaper]]''<br/>[[wabsteid]] | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382842|Glasgow's Docklands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | [[Glayva]] | | [[File:Glayva.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q154306|glen plaid]]'' | | [[File:Glen Plaid aka Prince of Wales check pattern.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840s | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5567537|Glen's Vodka]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2262510|Glue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125700841|Gnoss]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q125027573|Go, labor on; spend, and be spent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38686|Golden Retriever]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Golden Retriever Dukedestiny01 drvd.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5582797|Good Morning Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131538174|Good Words for the Young]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11780435|monthly magazine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1029418|children's magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584773|Gordon & MacPhail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38301|Gordon Setter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Orrvilas enska w800px.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Gowf]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212434|Olympic sport]]''<br/>[[habby]] | [[File:Golfer swing.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94830|Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-17 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | [[File:GTA The Ballad of Gay Tony at Igromir 2009 (4081942358).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-29 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85422949|video game with LGBT character]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4039669|Grant's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Full Range Grant's Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122362135|Grants Whisky Price in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]'' | [[File:Grant's Whisky 01.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100414305|Greazy Puzzy Fuckerz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:GPF on The Black stage Defqon1 - 2024-06-30.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q388906|hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34523520|Gree, bairnies, gree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1546243|Grice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18786396|pig breed]]'' | [[File:Grice reconstructed.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17778527|Grieg]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q84224774|Guilt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-24<br/>2019-10-30<br/>2019-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q2101714|police film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136384475|Gun Ghaol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[metalcore]] |- | [[haggis]] | | [[File:Haggis Mo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[haggis hurlin]] | [[sport]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877220|haggis pakora]]'' | | [[File:Haggis pakora.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5639068|Haig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle Haig Whiskey.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965929|Half Mile Walk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5642753|Hallam Foe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q184865|hammer throw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:John Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85234272|Hatted kit]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Hawick News]] | [[newspaper]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587139|Head for the Edge, Keep Walking]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109566683|Heavy Events]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1816033|competitive sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21654660|traditional sport]]'' | | data-sort-value="-1829" | -1829 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12059770|Hebridean]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean ram.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10518891|Hebridean pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean pony 1905.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q58903|Heelain cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:HighlandCow.01.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124357837|Heisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q116792313|Henderson family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5713678|Hendrick's Gin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>[[gin]] | [[File:Hendrick's gin 001.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600178|Hey, my bonnie wee lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5752197|Hide and Seek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[Hieland gemmes]] | ''[[:d:Q18608583|recurring sporting event]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82821|tradition]]'' | [[File:2006 Highland Games (4000821702).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Hieland pownie]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Platier oye poney highland bis.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q165704|high jump]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Yelena Slesarenko jumping 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5757308|High Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4345100|Highland Laddie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q211025|march]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599840|Highland Minstrel Boy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5759100|Highland River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Kenn and the Salmon.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5759332|Highlands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q7603925|documentary television program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5774258|Historical fencing in Scotland]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138950054|Hoagie]]'' | | [[File:Hoagie wrap - interior.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979295|hodden]]'' | | [[File:Hodden Grey.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5883004|Hollywood Undercover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1951776|Hooper Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59557805|unreleased album]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2076441|How Late It Was, How Late]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q120784241|iBomber Defense Pacific]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5990951|If You Liked School You'll Love Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6008981|In Another Light]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22251966|In the Cold Dark Ground]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4171155|In the Company of Cheerful Ladies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16994870|In:Demand Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108784923|Industria]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-30<br/>2022-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6035751|Innes Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6052728|International Research in Children's Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121320619|Introduction to Data Mining]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107495778|Inyal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827651|Iomain]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635039|Iomall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | [[Irn-Bru]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Barr IRN-BRU Sugar Free (3 of 3).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60594312|Iron]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1676212|I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6168304|Jazz Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408003|John Burnet of Barns]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386474|John Macnab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1232629|John Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2085381|publisher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1320047|book publisher]]'' | [[File:Murray John First.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | | |- | [[Johnnie Walker]] | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2424752|product]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Johnnie Walker Red Label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127273724|Johnstone Pipe Band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877127|Joseph Knight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6294829|Journal of Beckett Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15709992|Journal of Scottish Historical Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6296188|Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131749566|Jules and Greg's Wild Swim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326476|Kailyard school]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3326717|literary movement]]'' | | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6375447|Kate Crackernuts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 210 illustration in English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6383736|Keiller's marmalade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1252971|food manufacturer]]'' | [[File:Keillers marmalade cropped.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114051611|Kelvingrove]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6407655|Killie pie]]'' | | [[File:Killie Pies and Peas.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83455708|Kinnaris Quintet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102966954|Knackers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Knackers - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1971-070.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6423081|Knots and Crosses]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16871486|Knox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18344787|Lady Agnew of Lochnaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:John Singer Sargent - Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1892).jpeg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | | ''[[:d:Q134307|portrait]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q96278979|Lagavulin 16 years whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q902887|Islay single malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Single Islay Malt Whisky 16 years old.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q280|Lagavulin distillery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Destillery.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6473776|Laidlaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6474100|Laird of Burnbrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q355567|ryal or noble rank]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5737899|hereditary title]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6482902|Lanark: A Life in Four Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | [[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q102967917|Laughing - Crying]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16932445|Legit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6532725|Let It Bleed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113022702|LF System]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]'' | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | | ''[[:d:Q20502|house]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138798492|Liberty City Chapter 1: Gangsta Bang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q133296086|video game chapter]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6545063|Life and Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | [[Limmy's Show]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6552852|Lindsay of Evelix]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18759100|baronetcy]]''<br/>[[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635047|Linne Dhomhain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48699803|Live at Five]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126364793|Locomotive No. 10 El Esla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q785745|tank locomotive]]'' | [[File:Locomotive No. 10 El Esla - Sabero 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52243731|Logan Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244260|Logan Water]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17015965|London Calling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q263673|lorne sausage]]'' | | [[File:Cooked Scottish square sausage.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3823287|Lot No. 249]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Doyle - Une momie qui ressuscite.djvu|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9103398|Love Fist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6619719|fictional musical ensemble]]'' | | | | [[Heavy metal muisic|heavy metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3265916|Luckenbooth brooch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q499916|brooch]]'' | [[File:Luckenbooth brooches .jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386804|Luckypenny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1720712|Luing cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208989|beef cattle]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235797|Machair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108829896|Mackenzie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6724904|Maconochie]]'' | | [[File:Maconochie army ration, Musée Somme 1916, pic-110.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6726755|Made in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134585656|Manual Of Bacteriological Technique and Special Bacteriology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3992409|Marabou Stork Nightmares]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q109581872|experimental novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q919929|Marmion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Marmion 1st ed.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1808" | 1808 | ''[[:d:Q474090|narrative poetry]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114390692|Martyrdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386904|Marx the First]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25390447|Master Rallye]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | [[Maud]] | | [[File:Sir John Watson Gordon - James Hogg, 1770 - 1835. Poet; 'The Ettrick Shepherd' - Google Art Project.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Mealie]] | | [[File:Irish black and white pudding slices.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102320800|Mediaeval Scandinavia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112001238|Medicine Cabinet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6942541|musical collective]]'' | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6807652|Meeow!]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-05 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6815614|Memories and Portraits]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q135512349|Men in Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q787667|Middle of the Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Middle Of The Road 925-3455.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q997481|bubblegum music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6843484|Midwinter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923 | |- | ''[[:d:Q343749|Milligan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1936983|Miniature Shetland pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96393620|Modern Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3860275|Molly's Lips]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21030926|Monkey Shoulder]]'' | ''[[:d:Q944887|blended malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Monkey Shoulder Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148560|Morality for Beautiful Girls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3222487|More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Le dynamiteur.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6914355|Mortal Causes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6915172|Morvern Callar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6918341|Motormark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | ''[[:d:Q861823|electroclash]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56580|digital hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6935684|munchy box]]'' | | [[File:Munchy Box.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106306552|Murderous Pursuits]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-26 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6938794|Murmuring the Judges]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q62067286|Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82799|name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599929|My Highland home]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600031|My Nannie, O]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q61447836|My Romantic History]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599707|My wife has ta'en the gee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16998421|Nae Danger]]'' | | [[File:Nae Danger Brosef.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106584188|Neon Podcast Evangelion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011790|anime and manga podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105885182|science fiction podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105908617|film and television podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55114857|Night Kaleidoscope]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126834917|No Scotland No Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2489759|football chant]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114909458|sports anthem]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35734131|Nora's Vow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | [[North Ronaldsay sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:North ron sheep.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406327|North Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7062764|Nothing Human Left]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7065883|Now You See It]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114105442|NRP Albéria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]'' | [[File:Patrulha Albéria.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112920258|NRP Açor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202527|minesweeper]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3308902|naval trawler]]'' | [[File:Caça-Minas Açor (2º) (1916-1918).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113866724|NRP Tomás Andrea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2074370|minehunter]]'' | [[File:Caça-minas Thomáz Andréa (Tomás Andréa).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4320515|oatmeal raisin cookie]]'' | | [[File:Oatmeal Cookies with orange zest, golden raisins, and chocolate chips.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62604270|Observation]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27670585|science fiction video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16874548|Ochiltree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587083|Of the Balance of Trade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1752" | 1752 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7078954|Off the Ball]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140090056|Off The Boat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q98528277|Celtic folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q42967802|Ogilvie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16880666|Ogilvy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q844519|Oh No! More Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3234969|Old Mortality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales of My Landlord 1st series 1st edition.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102969297|On Imaginative Space]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7094173|Only Fade Away]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7095381|Ooops!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q725120|OpenTTD]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>[[free saftware]] | [[File:Cardhill Transport, 2000-06-25.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q1198141|business simulation game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106580670|Orphans of the Tide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-18<br/>2020-02-20 | ''[[:d:Q111984153|young adult fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7107453|Ossian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28452476|Out of Bounds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1646194|oxford]]'' | | [[File:Oxford cloth.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38980|Paisley Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Paisley1903.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7134646|Paragraph]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7140169|Partan bree]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102969608|Pastoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382671|Petrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q65197873|Philp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | [[File:00 1953 Folklore - bagpipe player.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816195|plaid]]'' | | [[File:GrantPiper.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Plain laif]] | | [[File:Plain bread.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225175|Politics Now]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225719|Pollok, Gilmour and Company]]'' | [[Business|buisiness]] | | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7228828|Poor Things]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123322|Porno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7232652|Portuguese Irregular Verbs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7234119|Postcode Challenge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7239029|Prayer for the Living]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q21803247|military fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2068990|Prince Otto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Prince Otto (first edition) (title page).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47074303|Pringle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3409032|unisex gien name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7246044|Private Angelo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | ''[[:d:Q128758|satire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908667|war novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q97356280|Project Moonbase]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105580963|music podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105011645|comedy podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124356748|Psychoanalytic studies of personality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20540385|non-fiction literary work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-01 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018459|Publications of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q953459|quaich]]'' | | [[File:Robinwoodquaich.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2469230|Quentin Durward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q134717368|Quentin Durward (1912 edition)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135209247|Quick As Thieves]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7283174|Ragnarawk]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q584105|music video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q28127686|Rather Be the Devil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7296891|Raw Spirit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | |- | [[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1366112|drama television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018559|Recent advances in surgery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018570|Records of the Scottish Church History Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | [[Red Kola]] | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | |- | [[Reestit mutton]] | | [[File:Reestit mutton in butcher's window, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1590613.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130975239|Reforj]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q116278106|survival sandbox video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7309799|Reheated Cabbage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7312846|Rendition: Guantanamo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61475894|cancelled/unreleased video game]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7316544|Resurrection Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q99630482|rivlin]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383631|Robot Three]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135656125|Roll of the Baronage of Scotland]]'' | [[wabsteid]]<br/>''[[:d:Q33270056|genealogy database]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7094076|online database]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9312094|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Time Twister]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11835185|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Wacky Worlds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-18 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9312099|RollerCoaster Tycoon: Corkscrew Follies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362712|Romanno Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362837|Romanticism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64632119|Rosa ‘Alec’s Red’]]'' | ''[[:d:Q26817508|rose cultivar]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1825420|Rose's lime juice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Rose's Lime Juice.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018832|Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh publication]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7374788|Royal Salute whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Chivas38years.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116609986|Rumahoy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Rumahoy.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | | ''[[:d:Q3389124|pirate metal]]''<br/>[[Fowk metal]]<br/>[[Pouer metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7380801|Rushen Coatie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 150 illustration in More English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132175284|Saber Came to Tea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48811805|Sacred Paws]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Sacred Paws at Rough Trade.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399865|Sae flaxen were her ringlets]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7398517|Safe as Houses]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17017964|Saints of the Shadow Bible]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q88296934|Saor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Saor Dark Troll 2023 02.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | ''[[:d:Q65937017|atmospheric black metal]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7420877|Saorsa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q56289964|Sarah's Room]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q110941133|Scathe]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27902416|Schaw Statutes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q234460|text]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34221604|Scornfu' Nancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scot Squad]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scotch ale]] | ''[[:d:Q1998962|beer style]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896374|Scotch broth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18697490|lamb dish]]'' | [[File:Lunch at Inveraray Castle - Scotch broth (14342541740).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3476136|Scotch Fancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20011823|canary breed]]'' | [[File:Our canaries (18960100635).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotch pie]] | | [[File:Scotch pie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]'' | | [[File:The World of Scotch Whisky.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotland]] | [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|constituent kintra o the Unitit Kinrick]] | [[File:Scotland from satellite.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="843" | 843 | | |- | [[Scotland the Brave]] | [[Naitional anthem]] | [[File:Scotland the Brave.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406251|Scotland Today]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435657|Scotland Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15607891|Scotland's Future]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107473448|Scotland's Home of the Year]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125471642|Scotland's National]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125471605|national tartan]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1125192|Scots Confession]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183770|Christian creed]]'' | [[File:Scots Confession.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1560" | 1560 | |- | [[Scots Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Scotish terrier burleska 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435802|Scotsmac]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Scotsport]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2878361|Scottish Backhold]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37929|Scottish Deerhound]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Deerhound 305.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437707|Scottish Dunface]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42636|Scottish Fold]]'' | ''[[:d:Q43577|cat breed]]'' | [[File:Purple-scottish-fold.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3094259|Scottish Gaelic punk]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28820001|musical scene]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762641|The Scottish Historical Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437800|Scottish Journal of Theology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437854|Scottish Medical Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q73897617|toll-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5953270|hybrid open access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24993955|Scottish Morning Roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1970833|Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69502940|polar expedition]]'' | [[File:Scotia on Laurie Island.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437943|Scottish Review of Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163546|Secret of the Sands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124643088|Seeds of Desolation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Daith metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113539840|Sena]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Sena (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10605137|Set in Darkness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q633547|sgian-dubh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15142889|weapon family]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland (TV series)|Shetland]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17019069|Shetland cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495670|Shetland duck]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110536225|duck breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495662|Shetland Goose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59453852|goose breed]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland pownie|Shetland pony]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland pony (2).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shetland sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland sheep moorit.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shinty]] | | [[File:CabersGlasgow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106586985|Shipwreck Island]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-04 | ''[[:d:Q1233720|young adult literature]]'' |- | [[shortbreid]] | | [[File:Shortbread fingers.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q180935|shot put]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Remigius Machura senior CZ championships in athletics Kladno 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7504321|Shrug]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Shrug - December 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q20713615|SIA Scotch Whisky]]'' | | [[File:SIA Scotch Whisky Bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019022|Sidewalk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q179221|Silly Wizard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Silly Wizard2007.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748836|Simple Minds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:-NIMES -170618 Nimes SM2018 mk2 MG 9308-Edit.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | ''[[:d:Q187760|new wave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q379033|arena rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399972|Sing on, sing on]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407918|Sir Quixote of the Moors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q205234|siren]]'' | | [[File:Pneumatic siren.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117743230|Six Four]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3486108|Skagboys]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535484|Skinner's Ghosts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535486|Skinner's Mission]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535488|Skinner's Ordeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535492|Skinner's Round]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535490|Skinner's Rules]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535493|Skinner's Trail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535893|skirlie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746549|dish]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q152532|Skol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | |- | [[Skye Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Skye terrier 800.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124313941|Sleep, Dearie, Sleep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1229479|lamentation]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114842527|Slow Roads]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>''[[:d:Q178285|freeware]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-10-22 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38790|Smooth Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Smooth Collie 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135016000|Snake Venom Beer]]'' | [[beer]]<br/>''[[:d:Q687737|Bock]]'' | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q188407|Snow Patrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Snow Patrol Band.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q502330|Soay sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Horned Soay ram close-up.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109647834|Solar Flux]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-10-24<br/>2013-12-19<br/>2018-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48700473|Soldier's Dream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7560123|Something Leather]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7562723|Soor ploom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7571846|sowans]]'' | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122196512|Spalding family]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108412167|Spinning Coin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7579584|Sporting Lucas Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7581984|SquareGo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08 | ''[[:d:Q69662460|video game magazine]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7582190|Squeak!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4675044|St. Ives]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ives - frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232270|St. Ronan's Well]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ronan 1824.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-12-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16545107|Standing in Another Man's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-11-08 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7601283|starrie]]'' | | [[File:Star Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q283638|Stealers Wheel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stealers Wheel - TopPop 1973 9.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | ''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31797868|STEALL]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7615983|Stewart of Balquhidder]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7619276|Stonemouth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107570722|Stories of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011823|history podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106625351|society and culture podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106462625|places and travel podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7620316|Stornoway black pudding]]'' | | [[File:Stornoway Black Pudding.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Stovies]] | [[fuid]] | [[File:Stovies.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7623883|Striking and Picturesque Delineations of the Grand, Beautiful, Wonderful, and Interesting Scenery Around Loch-Earn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3976065|String Driven Thing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q649634|progressive folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7624072|Strip Jack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7628082|Studies in World Christianity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394864|STV Appeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-09-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394869|STV News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1358344|news program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7394875|STV Rugby]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394876|STV Sports Centre]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4050322|Suffocate Me]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169930|Extended play]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7639411|Sunday Herald]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2302208|Sunday newspaper]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7639435|Sunday Live]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3655833|Sunset Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | |- | ''[[:d:Q138772740|SVR-Baureihe G4]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20650761|tender locomotive]]'' | [[File:SVR G4 Nr. 186 Lieferfoto.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16884098|Swanston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112039696|Swim School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Swim School (52074599463).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65958455|Sword of Asumi]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3502845|tablet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110220935|Sinterklaas candy]]'' | [[File:Butter tablet.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60754147|Talisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:"Talisk and Gardiner Brothers presents Unleashed" concert 04.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q140088849|Tanzana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Tanzana - 482.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | | |- | [[Tartan]] | | [[File:Three tartans.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q944307|Tartan Noir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1328330|hardboiled]]'' |- | [[Tattie scone]] | | [[File:Scone varieties.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7691104|Tea Time for the Traditionally Built]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7691183|Teacher's Highland Cream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Teacher's Highland Cream 20cl bottle 1.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148516|Tears of the Giraffe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q54868317|Teenage Superstars]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q93204|documentarie film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113539814|Tete]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Tete (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7711289|That Summer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2717772|The Abbot]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:The Abbot 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7712228|The Accounting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7712251|The Acid House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7714323|The Arran Banner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q743137|The Associates]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Billy-Mackenzie-Dundee-Scotland-1985.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | ''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3791280|The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232591|The Betrothed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Betrothed 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7718176|The Bishop]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7718257|The Black Book]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224969|The Black Dwarf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Sir Walter Scott - Elshie, The Black Dwarf.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1217958|The Blue Afternoon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2411893|The Body Snatcher]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Wrong Box and The Body-Snatcher book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-12 | ''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34521753|The Book of Scottish Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7719471|The Botanist]]'' | | [[File:The Botanist Islay Dry Gin 03.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q896059|The Boys of the Lough]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43343|fowk muisic]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35600286|The Bridal Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2659725|The Bride of Lammermoor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Charles Robert Leslie - Sir Walter Scott - Ravenswood and Lucy at the Mermaiden's Well - Bride of Lammermoor.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4304488|The Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34523326|The Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16849669|The Busconductor Hines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600393|The Bush aboon Traquair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720737|The Business]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720943|The Cairngorms]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20617543|The Celtic Monthly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7721856|The Celtic View]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727087|The Complaints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7727319|The Cone Gatherers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19902801|The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909 | [[cuikin]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85806850|The Cotter's Saturday Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The toil-worn cottar....engraving by William Miller after Faed.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727846|The Course of Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727866|The Courts of the Morning]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16241321|The Crow Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7728533|The Cutting Room]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7728834|The Dancing Floor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926<br/>1926-07 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48799259|The Dark Horse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | [[File:The Dark Horse Issue 17.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30078025|The Devil That Danced on the Water: A Daughter's Quest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730406|The Divided Lady]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730727|The Double Comfort Safari Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19362881|The dress]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2927074|internet meme]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123261191|optical illusion image]]'' | [[File:Wikipe-tan wearing The Dress reduced.svg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4674957|The Ebb-Tide. A Trio and a Quartette]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson's new story, The ebb-tide.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q52243476|The Emigrant's Farewell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3209885|The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Fair Maid of Perth Illustration 1859.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7733256|The Falls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16062387|The Field of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85807163|The Fire Gospel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734296|The Five Thirty Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734499|The Flood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3230799|The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Nigel 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-05-29 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q69780430|The Fourth Sacrifice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7735651|The Gallovidian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106877405|The ghost]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7736610|The Girl on the Stairs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7960828|The Good Husband of Zebra Drive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7738170|The Green Isle of the Great Deep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7738755|The Hanging Garden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2091094|The Heart of Midlothian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Whistler James Arrangement in Yellow and Grey Effie Deans 1877.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109622189|The Hermit of Treig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11578774|broadcasting program]]''<br/>[[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-05 | |- | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739651|The Highlander]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30598561|The Hired Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739797|The History of Orkney Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q76780872|The Home of a Naturalist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q112983|memoir]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7740720|The House with the Green Shutters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386409|The Island of Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7743629|The Journal of Sir Walter Scott]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Journal of Sir Walter Scott.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4148524|The Kalahari Typing School for Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7744522|The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50400004|The Laird o' Cockpen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38063812|The Laird o' Lamington]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q39071320|The Late Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7746381|The Law]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Law.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7747260|The Light Princess]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16386716|The Little Friend]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7748150|The Loner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-03-31 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20664530|crime literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3521717|The Mackenzies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7749994|The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2615930|The Master of Ballantrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Themasterofballantreacover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q29830265|The Memory of Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232887|The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Merrymencover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362964|The Minstrel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1771" | 1771<br/>1774 | [[Poetry]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7751631|The Miracle at Speedy Motors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25171819|The Missing and the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224650|The Monastery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Monastery 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7752117|The Month of the Falling Leaves]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125415042|The monthly record of the Free Church of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102974587|The Mountains of Holland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136468173|The Munros]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753075|The Naming of the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[The National]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753227|The National Youth Pipe Band of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21997676|The Natural History of Aleppo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | |- | ''[[:d:Q89554752|The Nest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7754192|The Nightshift]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65121308|The Nine]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7754620|The Oban Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399414|The Old Scottish Gentleman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30504|The Pastels]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Pastels.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3225628|The Pirate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Pirate 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111143082|pirate fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133225145|The Place-Names of Dumfriesshire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7757907|The Power-House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2992437|The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | ''[[:d:Q110540276|satirical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20737414|philosophical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16259578|The Quarry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7759357|The Rajah's Diamond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Rajah's Diamond Cover.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878<br/>1878-06 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27887393|The Red Chair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | | ''[[:d:Q170571|still life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7760409|The Return of John MacNab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399585|The Rose of Allandale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762300|The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762630|The Scots Independent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3522619|The Scots Magazine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1739" | 1739-02-09 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713036|The Scots Peerage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q277759|book series]]'' | [[File:The Scots Peerage book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019566|The Scottish educational journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762640|The Scottish Golf Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762742|The Sea-Maiden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Celtic Fairy Tales - Frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18153910|The Sex Lives of Siamese Twins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7763696|The Sharp Grey Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Thomas Barker (1769-1847) (style of) - A Shepherdess and Sheep - 960240 - National Trust.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[The Shetland Times]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235628|The Silverado Squatters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Silveradosquatters.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7764640|The Skinny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399516|The Soldier's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163405|The Spook School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Spook School (band).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7766351|The Stars in the Bright Sky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q151337|The State of the Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7766457|The Steep Approach to Garbadale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7766664|The Stooping Venus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713321|The Strange Death of Labour Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2468419|The Suicide Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Image taken from page 296 of 'The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond. (Extracted from “New Arabian Nights.)' (11230166996).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7767999|The Tale of the Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17022016|The Tales of Para Handy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q952340|The Talisman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Talisman 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1438448|The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193495|monograph]]'' | [[File:Adam Smith Moral Sentiments 1759.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1759" | 1759 | ''[[:d:Q742609|human naitur]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7769008|The Three Hostages]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97823855|The Tourists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2537887|The Two Babylons]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Two-babylons.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853 | ''[[:d:Q18536349|polemical lampoon]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019665|The Unicorn review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3230605|The Valorous Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7772590|The View from Daniel Pike]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600464|The Widow's Lament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7775906|The World, the Flesh, and Father Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2753955|The Wrecker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson, 1885.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3548866|The Wrong Box]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Thewrongboxcover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q53094|black comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15015194|Theory of the Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Trans Royal Society of Edinburgh cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q65580287|There Grows a Bonnie Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599554|There lives a young lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7785209|Thirty-five years in the Punjab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7797011|Thoughts of My Cats]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7801277|tiffin]]'' | | [[File:Scottish Tiffin.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7802867|Tilllate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7810921|To Every Man a Penny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | |- | ''[[:d:Q130442608|Tongues.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7824261|Tooth and Nail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7824470|Top Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110363629|Torridon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10700627|Tottie family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | [[File:Tottieska malmgården 2009b.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105722111|Towers of Everland]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q10915891|TRA Class BT40]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832486|locomotive class]]'' | [[File:Taiwan Railway Steam Locomotive No. 71.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]] | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q7834250|transgressive fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019751|Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3997517|Transition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7834524|Translation and Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124720713|Transport Tycoon: World Editor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q848362|Tremulous]]'' | [[video gemme]] | [[File:Tremulous - alien base grenade.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748677|Turtlehead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399436|Two Original Songs by Tannahill]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17104407|Two Wings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56244892|Tytler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3965250|Under the Skin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7897476|Unsolved]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-01-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34223348|Up amang yon cliffy rocks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7899993|Urban Realm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7900177|Urban the Ninth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7875683|USS Yacona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q331795|patrol vessel]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia III.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1518444|Vat 69]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:Whisky VAT69.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124045104|Verdict Guilty - 유죄 평결]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-06-13<br/>2023-02-16<br/>2023-03-15<br/>2023-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q846224|fechtin gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7923296|Vespers in Vienna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96414055|Vistas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1342485|Von Wright]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4349149|nobility of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q808113|Walking on Glass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-03-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q115046742|Walmer Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12859788|steamship]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127032002|WARD (Scottish)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q87712836|Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | [[Wast Hieland White Tarrie|Wast Hieland White Terrier]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:West Highland White Terrier Krakow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7973169|Watchman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7977735|We See Lights]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:We See Lights at the Leith Dockers Club.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q42201|independent music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1213386|Weir of Hermiston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Stevenson - Weir of Hermiston (1896).title.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7989828|Westwind]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17066530|When They Lay Bare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | [[Whisky]] | | [[File:A Glass of Whiskey on the Rocks.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7887604|Whisky Galore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | ''[[:d:Q193979|farce]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7994093|Whit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7995483|White Trash]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Pop muisic|pop]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60421981|Who's That Lady With My Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134556|single]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | ''[[:d:Q517415|Europop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58339|disco]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55642686|Wigilia]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q28026639|Christmas film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16531882|William Lawson's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399803|Willie was a wanton wag]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17039057|Witch Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8027856|Witch Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135975528|Without Permission]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8028891|Wknd@stv]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2257155|Wolfstone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stuart et Colin.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | ''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q606060|women's association football]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10708051|competition class]]'' | [[File:Pepi Piazza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3003796|women's lacrosse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Womens lacrosse1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569843|Woodstock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Frontispiece 1863 Woodstock-neat.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-04-28 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8036851|Worm of Linton]]'' | [[draigon]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130777372|Wrest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8038539|Writing on the Wall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q206159|psychedelic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113301675|Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q113644471|Ye Banks and Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80133851|Young Hunting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20714233|Your Cheatin' Heart]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1259759|miniseries]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5839193|Éire Óg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27962852|Étrangers au paradis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97587415|Ímar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771297|English folk music]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} js7tlo8sns61j6d2j0iv52v6q9tpc8z École nationale de l'aviation civile 0 229679 919365 868742 2026-07-15T14:31:54Z PhotosENAC 134346 Update 919365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university |image = Entrée de l'ENAC Toulouse format paysage - juillet 20267.jpg |name = École nationale de l'aviation civile |other_names = ENAC |caption = |established = 1949 |type = [[Grandes écoles|''grande école'']] |president = Jacques Pichot |director = Olivier Chansou |city = [[Toulouse]] |country = [[Fraunce]] |undergrad = |postgrad = 3,000 |academic_staff = |students = |campus = |free_label = |sports = |free = |colours = |affiliations = France AEROTECH, [[Conférence des grandes écoles]] |website= [https://www.enac.fr enac.fr] |footnotes = }} '''École nationale de l'aviation civile''' (ENAC) is an French [[Carnegie Classification o Institutions o Heicher Eddication#Doctorate-grantin Varsities|research varsity]] locatit in [[Toulouse]], [[Fraunce]], established in 1949.<ref>[https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/IA31130524 École supérieure, école nationale d'aviation civile (ENAC)]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1949 establishments]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 1940s]] [[Category:Toulouse]] n5z4tfa2j0f3h30x181sq5dcfibqo1z 919376 919365 2026-07-15T21:16:03Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university |image = Entrée de l'ENAC Toulouse format paysage - juillet 20267.jpg |name = École nationale de l'aviation civile |other_names = ENAC |caption = |established = 1949 |type = [[Grandes écoles|''grande école'']] |president = Jacques Pichot |director = Olivier Chansou |city = [[Toulouse]] |country = Fraunce |undergrad = |postgrad = 3,000 |academic_staff = |students = |campus = |free_label = |sports = |free = |colours = |affiliations = France AEROTECH, [[Conférence des grandes écoles]] |website= [https://www.enac.fr enac.fr] |footnotes = }} '''École nationale de l'aviation civile''' (ENAC) is an French [[Carnegie Classification o Institutions o Heicher Eddication#Doctorate-grantin Varsities|resairch varsity]] locatit in [[Toulouse]], Fraunce, established in 1949.<ref>[https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/IA31130524 École supérieure, école nationale d'aviation civile (ENAC)]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1949 establishments]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 1940s]] [[Category:Toulouse]] oy36vkiloq4749g62gz0dyvgmnlkl6n 919377 919376 2026-07-15T21:16:49Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |image = Entrée de l'ENAC Toulouse format paysage - juillet 20267.jpg |name = École nationale de l'aviation civile |other_names = ENAC |caption = |established = 1949 |type = [[Grandes écoles|''grande école'']] |president = Jacques Pichot |director = Olivier Chansou |city = [[Toulouse]] |country = Fraunce |undergrad = |postgrad = 3,000 |academic_staff = |students = |campus = |free_label = |sports = |free = |colours = |affiliations = France AEROTECH, [[Conférence des grandes écoles]] |website= [https://www.enac.fr enac.fr] |footnotes = }} '''École nationale de l'aviation civile''' (ENAC) is an French [[Carnegie Classification o Institutions o Heicher Eddication#Doctorate-grantin Varsities|resairch varsity]] locatit in [[Toulouse]], Fraunce, established in 1949.<ref>[https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/IA31130524 École supérieure, école nationale d'aviation civile (ENAC)]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1949 establishments]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 1940s]] [[Category:Toulouse]] r5ne6clep16nqlor4twa55y3t6atn6q 919378 919377 2026-07-15T21:17:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |image = Entrée de l'ENAC Toulouse format paysage - juillet 20267.jpg |name = École nationale de l'aviation civile |other_names = ENAC |established = 1949 |type = [[Grandes écoles|''grande école'']] |president = Jacques Pichot |director = Olivier Chansou |city = [[Toulouse]] |country = Fraunce |postgrad = 3,000 |affiliations = France AEROTECH, [[Conférence des grandes écoles]] |website= [https://www.enac.fr enac.fr] }} '''École nationale de l'aviation civile''' (ENAC) is an French [[Carnegie Classification o Institutions o Heicher Eddication#Doctorate-grantin Varsities|resairch varsity]] locatit in [[Toulouse]], Fraunce, established in 1949.<ref>[https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/IA31130524 École supérieure, école nationale d'aviation civile (ENAC)]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1949 establishments]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 1940s]] [[Category:Toulouse]] szg0dblyuba2v4do52po3rntetf92i8 International Federation of Sports Chiropractic 0 231709 919444 906310 2026-07-16T10:39:49Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919444 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''International Federation o Sports Chiropractic''' ({{Lang-fr|'''Federation Internationale de Chiropratique du Sport'''}} or '''FICS''') is an international organization which promotes sports chiropractic aroond the world. It is composed o national sports chiropractic cooncils, or national associations, fae mainy countries such as Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Turkey, Unitit States, an the Unitit Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Sports Chiropractic?|url=http://chiropractors.asn.au/Content/NavigationMenu/AbouttheCAA/SpecialInterestGroups/SCA/WhatisSportsChiropractic/default.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913135934/http://chiropractors.asn.au/Content/NavigationMenu/AbouttheCAA/SpecialInterestGroups/SCA/WhatisSportsChiropractic/default.htm|archive-date=2009-09-13|access-date=Dec 4, 2013|publisher=Chiropractors' Association of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Federacion Mexico De Quiropractica Deportive|url=http://www.femexquiropractica.com/htmltonuke.php?filnavn=html/actualidad.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925021226/http://www.femexquiropractica.com/htmltonuke.php?filnavn=html%2Factualidad.htm|archive-date=2009-09-25|access-date=2009-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=La quiropráctica y los deportistas|url=http://www.quiropractica-aeq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=63|access-date=2009-10-26|publisher=Asociacion Espanola de Quiropráctica}}</ref> == History == FICS wis formed in 1987, an haes its headquarters in the Maison du Sport Internationale in Lausanne, Switzerland.<ref name="Haldeman">{{Cite book|last=Chapman-Smith|first=David|title=Principles and practice of Chiropractic|url=https://archive.org/details/principlespracti0003unse_t5x8|last2=Cleveland, Carl|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2005|isbn=0-07-137534-1|editor-last=Haldeman|editor-first=Scott|page=[https://archive.org/details/principlespracti0003unse_t5x8/page/115 115]|chapter=International Status, Standards, And Education Of The Chiropractic Profession}}</ref> It also maintains an administrative office in [[Canberra]], Australia.<ref name="FICS-History">{{Cite web|title=History|url=http://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=28|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=The International Federation of Sports Chiropractic|archive-date=2016-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828195243/https://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=28|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Credentials grantit == The [[International Certificate in Sports Chiropractic]] (ICSC) offers an International Certificate in Sports Chiropractic (ICSC), a post-graduate professional qualification in sports chiropractic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 16, 2001|title=RMIT and FICS hosts seminar to highlight health benefits of sports chiropractic|url=http://rmit.biz/browse;ID=aysyu3yzgeglz|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology}}</ref> Dependin oan the laws o the jurisdiction in which the Doctor practices, (ICSC) may be a requirement fur a chiropractor tae participate as a FICS sports chiropractor at an international event.<ref name="Pollard">{{Cite journal|last=Pollard|first=Henry|last2=Hoskins W|last3=McHardy A|last4=Bonello R|last5=Garbutt P|last6=Swain M|last7=Dragasevic G|last8=Pribicevic M|last9=Vitiello A|year=2007|title=Australian chiropractic sports medicine: half way there or living on a prayer?|journal=Chiropractic & Osteopathy|volume=15|issue=14|pages=14|doi=10.1186/1746-1340-15-14|pmc=2042981|pmid=17880724|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="CAA1">{{Cite web|title=International Chiropractic Sports Science Diploma|url=http://chiropractors.asn.au/AM/Template.cfm?Section=International_Chiropractic_Sports_Science_Diploma_ICSSD_1&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=6571|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913133225/http://chiropractors.asn.au/AM/Template.cfm?Section=International_Chiropractic_Sports_Science_Diploma_ICSSD_1&Template=%2FCM%2FContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=6571|archive-date=September 13, 2009|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=Chiropractors Association of Australia}}</ref> Fur example, Sports Chiropractors must complete thir ICSC befare bein selectit tae provide care at Sporting Federation Games. == Awards an honors == The FICS Executive Board bestows various awards upon individuals whom they deem tae huv made considerable contributions tae the professional specialty o sports chiropractic. These awards include "Sports Chiropractor of the Year"<ref name="P&P">{{Cite journal|last=Staff|date=September 10, 1993|title=Int'l Sports Federation Honors Drs. Pierson and Patterson|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=42531|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic|volume=11|issue=19}}</ref>an FICS' Gold Medal.<ref name="medal">{{Cite journal|last=Staff|date=Aug 1, 1990|title=FICS Awards Gold Medal To Dr. Press|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic|volume=8|issue=16|page=1}}</ref> The latter is considered wan o the highest awards that sports chiropractors cin earn internationally. In 2011 at the World Chiropractic Congress, in [[Rio de Janeiro]], they awarded the "FICS' Founder's Award" tae Dr. Stephen Press, wan of FICS' founder ann first president.<ref name="Global-FICS">{{Cite book|last=Reed|first=Phillips|url=http://www.wfc.org/website/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=243&Itemid=164&lang=en|title=The Global Advance of Chiropractic|publisher=The [[World Federation of Chiropractic]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-9811332-3-2|location=Toronto, ONT, Canada|pages=121–123}}</ref><ref name="FICS-news-2011-1">{{Cite journal|last=Wilson, DC, ICSSD|first=Sheila|date=2011-06-30|title=President's Message|url=http://www.fics-sport.org/portal/images/documents/publications/2011_06_newsletter.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=FICS News|location=Toronto, ONT, CAN|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Chiropratique du Sport|issue=June 30, 2011|pages=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812161119/http://www.fics-sport.org/portal/images/documents/publications/2011_06_newsletter.pdf|archive-date=August 12, 2011|access-date=2011-07-10}}</ref> == ''Pro bono'' work == FICS haes promotit the participation o chiropractors in sports medicine teams, an haes organized chiropractors tae provide treatment at many national andinternational [[Sport|sporting]] events includin the winter an summer [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympics]].<ref name="CAA1"/><ref name="Haldeman"/> It his held Congresses in Mexico City,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=6 Mar 1988|title=Las Resultados de la Quiropractica se Discutieron en la I Assemblea que Tuvo Lugar en la Ciudad de Mexico|page=1 Section B (w/ photos)|work=El Excelsior|location=Mexico City}}</ref> Rome, the Unitit States (e.g., New Jersey an Washington, DC), Australia, Iowa, Montreal, and Tokyo;<ref>{{Cite journal|date=July 28, 1997|title=Chiropractic Is Booming in Asia|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=38410|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=15|issue=16|access-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref> an sent delegations tae Moscow, Africa, an Caracas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff Writer|date=April 4, 1991|title=Seminario Magistral|work=El Universal|location=Caracas, Venezuela}}</ref> == Recognition == * ICSSPE - FICS is a member o the Associations' Board o the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education * SportAccord - Associate member o international sports accrediting<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2009|title=IOC and WADA back GAISF initiative to propose anti-doping support and services to IFs|url=http://teamusa.org/news/article/10900|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812012816/http://www.teamusa.org/news/article/10900|archive-date=August 12, 2011|access-date=October 22, 2009|publisher=[[United States Olympic Committee]]}}</ref> agency SportAccord (the former GAISF).<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 2008|title=Associations|url=http://www.icsspe.org/index.php?m=1&n=3&o=6&PHPSESSID=8f6d2adcfec6c2c172d85242d702c6cf|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=[[International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education]]|archive-date=2024-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329194215/https://www.icsspe.org/index.php?m=1&n=3&o=6&PHPSESSID=8f6d2adcfec6c2c172d85242d702c6cf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members|url=http://www.agfisonline.com/vsite/vnavsite/page/directory/0,10853,5148-176060-193278-nav-list,00.html|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=[[SportAccord]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[UNESCO]] - Affiliate o the [[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Non-governmental organizations maintaining official relations|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=32914&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html|access-date=October 12, 2009|publisher=[[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]}}</ref> * IWGA International World Games Association, in contract wi FICS tae provide aw medical services at World Games.<ref name="IWGA">{{Cite web|last=Association Staff|date=2 Aug 2013|title=FICS' Healing Hands|url=http://www.theworldgames.org/news/news-of-the-world-games/1243-healing-hands|access-date=4 Aug 2013|website=IWGA Website|publisher=IWGA|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192436/http://www.theworldgames.org/news/news-of-the-world-games/1243-healing-hands|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Events == FICS Chiropractors huv provided treatment at events includin: * African Championships in Athletics (1988) * African Championships in Athletics (1990) * All-Africa Games (1991)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=December 20, 1991|title=FICS Team Ventures to Cairo for All-Africa Games|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=44697|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=09|issue=26|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * World Track and Field Championships (1991) * XVIth [[Winter Olympic Gemmes|Winter Olympic Games]] (1992)<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 November 1991|title=DC to Direct Medical Services for Soviet Olympic Team|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=44656}}</ref> * All-Africa Games (1999)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=November 7, 2009|title=FICS Symposium, South Africa; Sports Federations Meeting, Japan|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=31542|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=18|issue=4|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * Gunston 500 International Surfing Competition (1998)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas E. Hyde|date=July 26, 1999|title=Chiropractic and Sports around the World|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=36187|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=17|issue=16|access-date=October 3, 2009}}</ref> * Ontario Games (2000)<ref name="WinterReport">{{Cite journal|date=November 12, 2001|title=Winter Report of the International Federation of Sports Chiropractic (FICS)|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=17900|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=19|issue=4|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * Maritime Life Olympic Trials (2000)<ref name="WinterReport" /> * Canadian Paralympic Trials (2000)<ref name="WinterReport" /> * World Surfing Games (2000)<ref name="WinterReport" /> * [[2000 Simmer Olympics|Summer Olympics (2000)]]<ref name="WinterReport" /> * Mediterranean Games (2001)<ref name="SummerReport">{{Cite journal|last=Thomas E. Hyde|date=October 8, 2001|title=FICS Summer World Report|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=18248|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=19|issue=21|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * XIXth Central American and Caribbean Games (2002) * [[2002 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics (2002)]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lori Elkins Solomon|date=March 7, 2002|title=Dr. Ira Shapiro did not receive a gold medal when he attended the Winter Olympics, but he did bring home a small gold pin.|work=Suburban|publisher=Great Media Newspapers|url=http://suburban.gmnews.com/News/2002/0307/Front_Page/004.html|url-status=dead|access-date=October 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061101060959/http://suburban.gmnews.com/News/2002/0307/Front_Page/004.html|archive-date=November 1, 2006}}</ref> * World Games (2005)<ref name="Pollard"/> * [[2008 Simmer Olympics|Summer Olympics (2008)]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 30, 2009|title=Beijing Olympics Report|pages=9–14|work=FICS News|publisher=International Federation of Sports Chiropractic|url=http://fics-sport.org/portal/images/documents/publications/2008-06_fics_newsletter.pdf|access-date=Dec 4, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * World Games (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medical Services|url=http://www.worldgames2009.tw/wg2009/eng/info_athletes6.php|access-date=October 4, 2009|website=[[World Games 2009]]|publisher=[[Kaohsiung]] Organizing Committee|archive-date=2009-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912095800/http://www.worldgames2009.tw/wg2009/eng/info_athletes6.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * PanAm Games (2011)<ref name="ACA news">{{Cite news|last=Timothy Ray, DC|year=2013|title=The XVI Pan American Games|work=ACA news|publisher=[[American Chiropractic Association]]|url=http://www.acatoday.org/content_css.cfm?CID=4710|access-date=Aug 7, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * World Games (2013) * World Games (2017) * World Urban Games / GAISF games(2019) * [https://2019.csit-world-sports-games.com/index.html CSIT Games 2019 (2019)] * [https://twg2022.com/ World Games (2022)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309012848/https://twg2022.com/ |date=2022-03-09 }} * [https://www.csit.sport/events/wsg/2023 CSIT Games (2023)] * [https://www.worldcombatgames.sport/ World Combat Games / SportAccord (2023)] == References == {{Reflist|2}} == External links == * [http://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php International Federation of Sports Chiropractic (FICS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330001357/https://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php |date=2016-03-30 }} {{Chiropractic}} j7jbi4v9z38o9ohqhr124akst2l8s6z French Thrid Republic 0 232344 919382 919364 2026-07-15T21:31:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 919382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} The '''French Thrid Republic''' ([[French leid|French]]: ''Troisième République française'') or the '''Thrid Republic''' (''Troisième République'', bytimes written as ''IIIe République''), wis the seestem o govrenment adoptit in Fraunce frae 4 September 1870, whan the Seicont French Empire collapsed durin the Franco-Prussian War, til 10 Julie 1940, efter the Faw o Fraunce durin Warld War II led tae the formation o the Vichy govrenment. The French Thrid Republic wis a pairliamentary republic. In the early days, the Thrid Republic faced a heap o poleetical disruption caused bi the Franco-Prussian War o 1870-71, whilk thay keppit up efter the faw o Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Thare wis social upheaval an the Paris Commune that cam afore the final defeat. The German Empire, proclaimt bi the invaders in the Pailace o Versailles, teuk the French regions o Alsace (keepin the Territoire de Belfort) an Lorraine (the noraestren bit, the day kent as the depairtment o Moselle). The early govrenments o the French Thrid Republic thocht anent bringin back the monarchy, but thay couldnae gree on whit kind o monarchy it shoud be or wha shoud be atap the throne. As a result, the Third Republic, oreiginally meant tae be a provisional government, became the permanent form o govrenment in Fraunce. The French Constitutional Laws o 1875 defined the makeup o the Thrid Republic. It conteened a Chamber o Deputies an a Senate fur the legislative branch o govrenment, an a preses as the heid o state. Caws fur bringin back the monarchy dominatit the terms o the furst twa preses, Adolphe Thiers an Patrice de MacMahon, but as support fur the republican form o govrenment grew amang the French, an wi a series o republican preses in the 1880s, the chances o a monarchy comin back shrank. The Thrid Republic established a muckle set o French colonies, includin French Indochina, French Madagascar, French Polynesie, an muckle territories in Wast Africae durin the Scramble fur Africae, aw gotten durin the last twa decades o the 19t century. The early 20t century wis dominatit bi the Democratic Republican Alliance, that stairtit as a centre-left poleetical alliance, but ower time it becam the main centre-richt pairty. The period frae the stairt o Warld War I til the late 1930s saw poleetics sharply polarised, atween the Democratic Republican Alliance an the Radicals. The govrenment fawed in less nor a year efter Warld War II stairtit, whan Nazi forces teuk ower muckle pairts o Fraunce, an it wis replaced bi rival govrenments o Charles de Gaulle's Free Fraunce (La France libre) an Philippe Pétain's French State (L'État français). Durin the 19t an 20t centuries, the French colonial empire wis the seicont maistmuckle in the warld, bein ahint anely the Breetish Empire; it raxed ower 13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi) at its peak in the 1920s an 1930s. In terms o population, tho, juist afore Warld War II, Fraunce an its colonies haed anely 150 million folk, compared tae 330 million fur Breetish India alane. Adolphe Thiers cawed republicanism in the 1870s "the form o govrenment that divides Fraunce least"; but, poleetics unner the Thrid Republic war shairply polarised. On the left stood reformist Fraunce, heir tae the French Revolution. On the richt stood conservative Fraunce, rooted in the peasantry, the Catholic Kirk, an the airmy. In spite o Fraunce's sharply dividit electorate an constant attempts tae oust it, the Thrid Republic endured fur 70 year, makin it the langest-lastin seestem o govrenment in Fraunce syne the collapse o the Ancien Régime in 1789. na2yotbkxkdipt0n3n1wwvyq3cnd8ns 919383 919382 2026-07-15T21:31:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[French Third Republic]] til [[French Thrid Republic]]: Misspelt title 919382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} The '''French Thrid Republic''' ([[French leid|French]]: ''Troisième République française'') or the '''Thrid Republic''' (''Troisième République'', bytimes written as ''IIIe République''), wis the seestem o govrenment adoptit in Fraunce frae 4 September 1870, whan the Seicont French Empire collapsed durin the Franco-Prussian War, til 10 Julie 1940, efter the Faw o Fraunce durin Warld War II led tae the formation o the Vichy govrenment. The French Thrid Republic wis a pairliamentary republic. In the early days, the Thrid Republic faced a heap o poleetical disruption caused bi the Franco-Prussian War o 1870-71, whilk thay keppit up efter the faw o Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Thare wis social upheaval an the Paris Commune that cam afore the final defeat. The German Empire, proclaimt bi the invaders in the Pailace o Versailles, teuk the French regions o Alsace (keepin the Territoire de Belfort) an Lorraine (the noraestren bit, the day kent as the depairtment o Moselle). The early govrenments o the French Thrid Republic thocht anent bringin back the monarchy, but thay couldnae gree on whit kind o monarchy it shoud be or wha shoud be atap the throne. As a result, the Third Republic, oreiginally meant tae be a provisional government, became the permanent form o govrenment in Fraunce. The French Constitutional Laws o 1875 defined the makeup o the Thrid Republic. It conteened a Chamber o Deputies an a Senate fur the legislative branch o govrenment, an a preses as the heid o state. Caws fur bringin back the monarchy dominatit the terms o the furst twa preses, Adolphe Thiers an Patrice de MacMahon, but as support fur the republican form o govrenment grew amang the French, an wi a series o republican preses in the 1880s, the chances o a monarchy comin back shrank. The Thrid Republic established a muckle set o French colonies, includin French Indochina, French Madagascar, French Polynesie, an muckle territories in Wast Africae durin the Scramble fur Africae, aw gotten durin the last twa decades o the 19t century. The early 20t century wis dominatit bi the Democratic Republican Alliance, that stairtit as a centre-left poleetical alliance, but ower time it becam the main centre-richt pairty. The period frae the stairt o Warld War I til the late 1930s saw poleetics sharply polarised, atween the Democratic Republican Alliance an the Radicals. The govrenment fawed in less nor a year efter Warld War II stairtit, whan Nazi forces teuk ower muckle pairts o Fraunce, an it wis replaced bi rival govrenments o Charles de Gaulle's Free Fraunce (La France libre) an Philippe Pétain's French State (L'État français). Durin the 19t an 20t centuries, the French colonial empire wis the seicont maistmuckle in the warld, bein ahint anely the Breetish Empire; it raxed ower 13,500,000 km2 (5,200,000 sq mi) at its peak in the 1920s an 1930s. In terms o population, tho, juist afore Warld War II, Fraunce an its colonies haed anely 150 million folk, compared tae 330 million fur Breetish India alane. Adolphe Thiers cawed republicanism in the 1870s "the form o govrenment that divides Fraunce least"; but, poleetics unner the Thrid Republic war shairply polarised. On the left stood reformist Fraunce, heir tae the French Revolution. On the richt stood conservative Fraunce, rooted in the peasantry, the Catholic Kirk, an the airmy. In spite o Fraunce's sharply dividit electorate an constant attempts tae oust it, the Thrid Republic endured fur 70 year, makin it the langest-lastin seestem o govrenment in Fraunce syne the collapse o the Ancien Régime in 1789. na2yotbkxkdipt0n3n1wwvyq3cnd8ns Just Out of Reach (film) 0 233719 919400 919331 2026-07-16T00:29:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Just Out of Reach''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Juist Oot o Reak'') is a 1979 Australian film starnin [[Lorna Lesley]] an [[Sam Neill]]. == Plot == Sel-destructive Cathy distances hersel frae her cauld Breetish parents, an enters intae an uncommunicative relationship wi an aspirin poet. == Cast == * [[Lorna Lesley]] as Cathy * [[Sam Neill]] as Mike * [[Ian Gilmour (actor)|Ian Gilmour]] as Steve * [[Martin Vaughan]] as Faither * [[Judi Farr]] as Mither ==Fremmit airtins== *{{IMDb title|0079383}} *[https://aso.gov.au/titles/short-features/just-out-of-reach/ ''Just Out of Reach''] at [[Australian Screen Online]] *[https://www.ozmovies.com.au/movie/just-out-of-reach ''Just Out of Reach''] at Oz Movies [[Category:Australian drama films]] [[Category:1979 films]] [[Category:1979 Australian films]] [[Category:Flims scored bi William Motzing]] ct4qofctyv02465r7hwiwua21ja1gun Uiser collogue:~2026-39839-57 3 233723 919368 2026-07-15T15:39:29Z CiphriusKane 74958 /* Julie 2026 */ new section 919368 wikitext text/x-wiki == Julie 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-39839-57|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:39, 15 Julie 2026 (UTC) ac4bghyljr79m9om29z4e90xfgl4cbc Edgar the Ætheling 0 233724 919371 2026-07-15T17:01:50Z ThePresidentTree 117437 Made page wi "{{Infobox ryalty|name=Edgar Ætheling|title=Claimit King o England|successor=[[William the Conqueror]]|predecessor=[[Harold Godwinson]]|reign=efter 1066|reign-type=|cor-type=|father=Edward the Exile|mother=Agatha|royal house=Wessex|birth_date={{circa}} 1052|death_date=efter 1125|death_place=[[Kinrick o Hungary]]|image=[[File:Edgar_the_Ætheling.jpg]]}} '''Edgar Ætheling''' (kent as '''Edgar II'''; {{Circa|1052}} – efter 1125) waes a claimit an uncrouned King o England eft..." 919371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ryalty|name=Edgar Ætheling|title=Claimit King o England|successor=[[William the Conqueror]]|predecessor=[[Harold Godwinson]]|reign=efter 1066|reign-type=|cor-type=|father=Edward the Exile|mother=Agatha|royal house=Wessex|birth_date={{circa}} 1052|death_date=efter 1125|death_place=[[Kinrick o Hungary]]|image=[[File:Edgar_the_Ætheling.jpg]]}} '''Edgar Ætheling''' (kent as '''Edgar II'''; {{Circa|1052}} – efter 1125) waes a claimit an uncrouned King o England efter Harold Godwinson, primarily supportit bi the Archbishop o York, an Edwin an Morcar. 0jz6kye1bim1r02b0ku92o1x0ki3cwq 919373 919371 2026-07-15T17:06:34Z ThePresidentTree 117437 919373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ryalty|name=Edgar Ætheling|title=Claimit Keeng o England|successor=[[William the Conqueror]]|predecessor=[[Harold Godwinson]]|reign=efter 1066|reign-type=Claimit|cor-type=|father=Edward the Exile|mother=Agatha|royal house=Wessex|birth_date={{circa}} 1052|death_date=efter 1125|death_place=[[Kinrick o Hungary]]|image=[[File:Edgar_the_Ætheling.jpg]]|reg-type=}} '''Edgar Ætheling''' (kent as '''Edgar II'''; {{Circa|1052}} – efter 1125) waes a claimit an uncrouned King o England efter Harold Godwinson, primarily supportit bi the Archbishop o York, an Edwin an Morcar. ncdegy2852tlpkfch9q0ulwxnpg6s45 919374 919373 2026-07-15T17:08:00Z ThePresidentTree 117437 919374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ryalty|name=Edgar Ætheling|title=Claimit Keeng o England|successor=[[William the Conqueror]]|predecessor=[[Harold Godwinson]]|reign=efter 1066|reign-type=Claimit|cor-type=|father=Edward the Exile|mother=Agatha|royal house=Wessex|birth_date={{circa}} 1052|death_date=efter 1125|death_place=[[Kinrick o Hungary]]|image=[[File:Edgar_the_Ætheling.jpg]]|reg-type=}} '''Edgar Ætheling''' (kent as '''Edgar II'''; {{Circa|1052}} – efter 1125) waes a claimit an uncrouned Keeng o England efter [[Harold Godwinson]], primarily supportit bi the Archbishop o York, an Edwin an Morcar. 5g2e94oul7arffdemm5r92w37gkj8xp Uiser collogue:Summershell67 3 233725 919375 2026-07-15T21:14:34Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 919375 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Summershell67, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Summershell67|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:14, 15 Julie 2026 (UTC) mfgwzgrmm5zc83z5mo19mp1pewkbrk0 Uiser collogue:PhotosENAC 3 233726 919379 2026-07-15T21:17:46Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 919379 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, PhotosENAC, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/PhotosENAC|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:17, 15 Julie 2026 (UTC) 1zy048e889z4ofawuuraeupzyf7knhw French Third Republic 0 233727 919384 2026-07-15T21:31:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[French Third Republic]] til [[French Thrid Republic]]: Misspelt title 919384 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[French Thrid Republic]] kth0htkrte4y1uzv8cstqdfqdeutiw4 Collogue:French Third Republic 1 233728 919386 2026-07-15T21:31:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Collogue:French Third Republic]] til [[Collogue:French Thrid Republic]]: Misspelt title 919386 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Collogue:French Thrid Republic]] b8cmq7ilmfu8hjzao32koras4hhge00 Uiser collogue:~2026-39797-16 3 233729 919387 2026-07-15T21:36:17Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~" 919387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-39797-16|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:36, 15 Julie 2026 (UTC) fdbngmf3ykanoj2cv7efrhyixmtsf85 919391 919387 2026-07-15T21:39:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919391 wikitext text/x-wiki == Julie 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-39797-16|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:36, 15 Julie 2026 (UTC) 11gku6j9f1vkbmo8gj3l1bhki7qi32y Belfast Telegraph 0 233730 919402 2026-07-16T00:35:07Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 New airticle aboot an Erse newspaper 919402 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in Bilfawst, Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its unionist tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the Protestant population", whiles forby bein read athin Catholic naitionalist commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi Independent News and Media (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''Irish Independent'', the ''Sunday Independent'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. ptgn16zugxf62vfl5va3csv5rfnnis6 919403 919402 2026-07-16T00:46:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919403 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in Bilfawst, Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its unionist tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the Protestant population", whiles forby bein read athin Catholic naitionalist commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi Independent News and Media (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''Irish Independent'', the ''Sunday Independent'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird. Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the Franco-Prussian War an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in Bilfawst ceety centre in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae Enniskillen, Dundalk, Newry, an Londonderry. Its competitors are ''The News Letter'' an ''The Irish News'', an local editions o Lunnon-based reid taps compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins", an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism", the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based Independent News & Media (INM) group in Mairch 2000. It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland (in turn awned bi the Belgian company Mediahuis Partners NV) in 2019. As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in Londonderry. nhvb8e2jbe3cjmmpxm5xqhpv2tq9vsn 919404 919403 2026-07-16T00:53:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919404 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in Bilfawst, Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its unionist tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the Protestant population", whiles forby bein read athin Catholic naitionalist commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi Independent News and Media (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''Irish Independent'', the ''Sunday Independent'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird. Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the Franco-Prussian War an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in Bilfawst ceety centre in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae Enniskillen, Dundalk, Newry, an Londonderry. Its competitors are ''The News Letter'' an ''The Irish News'', an local editions o Lunnon-based reid taps compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins", an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism", the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based Independent News & Media (INM) group in Mairch 2000. It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland (in turn awned bi the Belgian company Mediahuis Partners NV) in 2019. As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in Londonderry. == Awairds == The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds. == Circulation == Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,<ref name="circ2002">{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.<ref name="circ2019">{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> {{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2002"/>|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2019"/>}} hyoyrhph7y9ujsutzo2twfb2l6r51n1 919405 919404 2026-07-16T00:57:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox newspaper | name = Belfast Telegraph | image = Logo-belfast.png | type = Daily [[newspaper]] (except Sundays) | format = [[Compack (newspaper)|Compack]] | owners = [[Mediahuis Ireland]] | founder = {{ubl|William Baird|George Baird}} | editor = Martin Breen <ref>{{cite news|last=Linford|first=Paul|date=2025-12-17|title=Regional daily editor steps down after six years in post|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2025/news/regional-daily-editor-steps-down-after-six-years-in-post/|work=Hold the Front Page}}</ref> | founded = 1870 | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | headquarters = Belfast Telegraph House <br /> 33 Clarendon Road <br /> [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland | political_position = [[British unionism]] | sister_newspapers = [[Sunday Life (newspaper)|''Sunday Life'']] | oclc = 37380368 | website = {{URL|belfasttelegraph.co.uk}} | issn = 0307-5664 }} [[File:Belfast Telegraph, July 2010 (01).JPG|thumb|Former ''Belfast Telegraph'' offices, July 2010]] The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in Bilfawst, Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its unionist tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the Protestant population", whiles forby bein read athin Catholic naitionalist commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi Independent News and Media (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''Irish Independent'', the ''Sunday Independent'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird. Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the Franco-Prussian War an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in Bilfawst ceety centre in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae Enniskillen, Dundalk, Newry, an Londonderry. Its competitors are ''The News Letter'' an ''The Irish News'', an local editions o Lunnon-based reid taps compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins", an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism", the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based Independent News & Media (INM) group in Mairch 2000. It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland (in turn awned bi the Belgian company Mediahuis Partners NV) in 2019. As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in Londonderry. == Awairds == The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds. == Circulation == Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,<ref name="circ2002">{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.<ref name="circ2019">{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> {{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2002"/>|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2019"/>}} mlh615rm4d798vfrclabymq4d6rpx86 919406 919405 2026-07-16T01:01:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox newspaper | name = Belfast Telegraph | image = Logo-belfast.png | type = Daily [[newspaper]] (except Sundays) | format = [[Compack (newspaper)|Compack]] | owners = [[Mediahuis Ireland]] | founder = {{ubl|William Baird|George Baird}} | editor = Martin Breen <ref>{{cite news|last=Linford|first=Paul|date=2025-12-17|title=Regional daily editor steps down after six years in post|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2025/news/regional-daily-editor-steps-down-after-six-years-in-post/|work=Hold the Front Page}}</ref> | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | headquarters = Belfast Telegraph House <br /> 33 Clarendon Road <br /> [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland | oclc = 37380368 | website = {{URL|belfasttelegraph.co.uk}} |sister newspapers= [[Sunday Life (newspaper)|''Sunday Life'']] |political= [[Breetish unionism]] |ISSN=0307-5664 |foundation= 1870 }} [[File:Belfast Telegraph, July 2010 (01).JPG|thumb|Aulder ''Belfast Telegraph'' offices, Julie 2010]] The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in Bilfawst, Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its unionist tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the Protestant population", whiles forby bein read athin Catholic naitionalist commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi Independent News and Media (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''Irish Independent'', the ''Sunday Independent'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird. Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the Franco-Prussian War an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in Bilfawst ceety centre in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae Enniskillen, Dundalk, Newry, an Londonderry. Its competitors are ''The News Letter'' an ''The Irish News'', an local editions o Lunnon-based reid taps compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins", an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism", the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based Independent News & Media (INM) group in Mairch 2000. It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland (in turn awned bi the Belgian company Mediahuis Partners NV) in 2019. As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in Londonderry. == Awairds == The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds. == Circulation == Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,<ref name="circ2002">{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.<ref name="circ2019">{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> {{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2002"/>|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2019"/>}} gt4h3dkp48mhouuyia1ezh5xb1qaj45 919407 919406 2026-07-16T01:04:16Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox newspaper | name = Belfast Telegraph | image = Logo-belfast.png | type = Daily [[newspaper]] (except Sundays) | format = [[Compack (newspaper)|Compack]] | owners = [[Mediahuis Ireland]] | founder = {{ubl|William Baird|George Baird}} | editor = Martin Breen <ref>{{cite news|last=Linford|first=Paul|date=2025-12-17|title=Regional daily editor steps down after six years in post|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2025/news/regional-daily-editor-steps-down-after-six-years-in-post/|work=Hold the Front Page}}</ref> | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | headquarters = Belfast Telegraph House <br /> 33 Clarendon Road <br /> [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland | oclc = 37380368 | website = {{URL|belfasttelegraph.co.uk}} |sister newspapers= [[Sunday Life (newspaper)|''Sunday Life'']] |political= [[Breetish unionism]] |ISSN=0307-5664 |foundation= 1870 }} [[File:Belfast Telegraph, July 2010 (01).JPG|thumb|Aulder ''Belfast Telegraph'' offices, Julie 2010]] The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in Bilfawst, Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its unionist tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the Protestant population", whiles forby bein read athin Catholic naitionalist commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi Independent News and Media (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''Irish Independent'', the ''Sunday Independent'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird. Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the Franco-Prussian War an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in Bilfawst ceety centre in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae Enniskillen, Dundalk, Newry, an Londonderry. Its competitors are ''The News Letter'' an ''The Irish News'', an local editions o Lunnon-based reid taps compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins", an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism", the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based Independent News & Media (INM) group in Mairch 2000. It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi Mediahuis Ireland (in turn awned bi the Belgian company Mediahuis Partners NV) in 2019. As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in Londonderry. == Awairds == The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds. == Circulation == Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,<ref name="circ2002">{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.<ref name="circ2019">{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> {{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2002"/>|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2019"/>}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{offeecial wabsteid}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Belfast Telegraph}} [[Category:1870 establishments in Ireland]] [[Category:Daily newspapers published in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Independent News & Media]] [[Category:Mass media in Bilfawst]] [[Category:Newspapers published in Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Newspapers established in 1870]] rkuj2kwsb06dp2iylpluuongrk9vpho 919408 919407 2026-07-16T01:11:51Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox newspaper | name = Belfast Telegraph | image = Logo-belfast.png | type = Daily [[newspaper]] (except Sundays) | format = [[Compack (newspaper)|Compack]] | owners = [[Mediahuis Ireland]] | founder = {{ubl|William Baird|George Baird}} | editor = Martin Breen <ref>{{cite news|last=Linford|first=Paul|date=2025-12-17|title=Regional daily editor steps down after six years in post|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2025/news/regional-daily-editor-steps-down-after-six-years-in-post/|work=Hold the Front Page}}</ref> | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | headquarters = Belfast Telegraph House <br /> 33 Clarendon Road <br /> [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland | oclc = 37380368 | website = {{URL|belfasttelegraph.co.uk}} |sister newspapers= [[Sunday Life (newspaper)|''Sunday Life'']] |political= [[Breetish unionism]] |ISSN=0307-5664 |foundation= 1870 }} [[File:Belfast Telegraph, July 2010 (01).JPG|thumb|Aulder ''Belfast Telegraph'' offices, Julie 2010]] The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''', as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan. Reflectin its [[Unionism in Ireland|unionist]] tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] population", whiles forby bein read athin [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] [[Erse naitionalism|naitionalist]] commonties in Northren Ireland. Awned bi [[Mediahuis Ireland|Independent News and Media]] (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000, the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi [[Mediahuis Ireland]] in 2019. Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''[[Irish Independent]]'', the ''[[Sunday Independent (Ireland)|Sunday Independent]]'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland. In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird. Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the [[Franco-Prussian War]] an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in [[Bilfawst Ceety Centre|Bilfawst ceety centre]] in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae [[Enniskillen]], [[Dundalk]], [[Newry]], an [[Londonderry]]. Its competitors are ''[[News Letter|The News Letter]]'' an ''[[The Irish News]]'', an local editions o Lunnon-based [[Tabloid jurnalism|reid taps]] compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins", an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism", the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based [[Mediahuis Ireland|Independent News & Media]] (INM) group in Mairch 2000. It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi [[Mediahuis Ireland]] (in turn awned bi the Belgian company [[Mediahuis|Mediahuis Partners NV]]) in 2019. As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in [[Londonderry]]. == Awairds == The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds. == Circulation == Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,<ref name="circ2002">{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.<ref name="circ2019">{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> {{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2002"/>|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2019"/>}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{offeecial wabsteid}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Belfast Telegraph}} [[Category:1870 establishments in Ireland]] [[Category:Daily newspapers published in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Independent News & Media]] [[Category:Mass media in Bilfawst]] [[Category:Newspapers published in Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Newspapers established in 1870]] 67ozifgcuyp1ygwllkitzcr28kdztvz Uiser collogue:~2026-40161-22 3 233731 919436 2026-07-16T10:24:03Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~" 919436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-40161-22|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:23, 16 Julie 2026 (UTC) 9a42scb16u61pstfjjm3e8tgljobe0h 919438 919436 2026-07-16T10:25:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919438 wikitext text/x-wiki == Julie 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-40161-22|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:23, 16 Julie 2026 (UTC) br0wvrkb70ovq8077tpuqtiz5bkt487 Uiser collogue:Dorotheoio 3 233732 919437 2026-07-16T10:24:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 919437 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Dorotheoio, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Dorotheoio|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:24, 16 Julie 2026 (UTC) d64f5ak1fz5y78cptsidunktxiv1to3 Massachusetts Institute o Technology 0 233733 919441 2026-07-16T10:36:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Massachusetts Institute o Technology]] til [[Massachusetts Institute o Technologie]] 919441 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Massachusetts Institute o Technologie]] 5wmxmzeqsc5vq854d8zd4eddomzsub4 Anthony Michael Bourdain 0 233734 919443 2026-07-16T10:38:55Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Anthony Bourdain]] 919443 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Anthony Bourdain]] tsusu4l1l45xtkpm9riie6oxeog8uk5