Supreme Court o Chile

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    <title>Supreme Court o Chile</title>
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        <username>PurpleDinosaur585</username>
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      <comment>spellin, layoot, mair informations addit anent the coort</comment>
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      <text bytes="6726" sha1="2wfgyl9ryzww77b1f707sdtz7aiiqd7" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Palaciotribunales.jpg|thumb|350px|Supreme Coort Biggin in Santiago]]

The '''Supreme Coort o Chile''' is the heichest coort in [[Chile]]. It owersees the laicher coorts in the [[republic]], an can vizzy deceesions made bi the laicher coorts tae mak siccer they wir follaein the laws as effeirs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chile's Supreme Court: Your Guide To Justice|url=https://dl.iir.edu.ua/iir-news/chiles-supreme-court-your-guide-to-justice-1767648758|url-status=live|website=Iir News}}&lt;/ref&gt; The coort is alsae in chairge o admeinistrative dargs, siclike as guidin the judicial system or appointin judges.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It is locate in [[Santiago]]. It wis foundit in 1823 as pairt o the constitution that teuk effeck thon year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aniversario Corte de Apelaciones y Corte Suprema|url=https://www.pjud.cl/prensa-y-comunicaciones/docs/download/31606|url-status=live|website=Poder Judicial de la República de Chile (Judicial Pouer of the Republic of Chile)|language=the Spainish}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

In the Chilean system, the coort wants the braider pouer o judicial review — it canna lay bindin precedent or cass laws. Insteid, it acks on a case-bi-case basis. The Constitutional Coort insteid is in chairge o vizzyin laws.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Essential Issues of the Chilean Legal System|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/chile.html|url-status=live|website=NYU Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Pleas is cairried oot in chaumers (''salas'') o at laist five judges, moderate bi the uppermaist member. 

== Membership ==

The members o the Supreme Coort is appointit bi the Praisident o Chile, but maun be waled frae a leet o five chyces proponed bi the coort itsel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chile Supreme Court|url=https://www.aihja.org/en/membre/chile-supreme-court/|url-status=live|website=International Association of Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twa o thaim waled bude tae be upper judges frae appellate coorts; the ither three needna hae ony judicial expairience. The praisident's chyce maun syne be homologated bi the senate. Supreme Coort justices bude tae be at laist 36 year auld. They ser ontil they are 75 year auld an canna be remuived binna for &quot;misbehaden conduck&quot;.

== Praisent Supreme Coort members ==
The Supreme Coort haes twintie-ane members cried meinisters (''ministros''). Ae member is waled tae ser a twa-year term as Praisident o the Supreme Coort.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chile Supreme Court|url=https://www.aihja.org/en/membre/chile-supreme-court/|url-status=live|website=International Association of Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein table taks in a list o the praisent members. 

&lt;small&gt;''Note: List updatit last on 14 Julie 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Justicial Pouer of the Republic of Chile (''Poder Judicial de la República de Chile'') |url=https://www.pjud.cl/tribunales/corte-suprema |access-date=21 August 2023 |language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;/small&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Rank
!Name
|-
|Praisident
|Gloria Ana Chevesich Ruiz
|-
|Meinister
|Ricardo Luis Hernán Blanco Herrera
|-
|Meinister
|Andrea María Mercedes Muñoz Sánchez
|-
|Meinister
|Manuel Antonio Valderrama Rebolledo
|-
|Meinister
|Arturo José Prado Puga
|-
|Meinister
|Mauricio Alonso Silva Cancino
|-
|Meinister
|Angelica Cecilia Repetto García
|-
|Meinister
|Leopoldo Andrés Llanos Sagrista
|-
|Meinister
|Adelita Inés Ravanales Arriagada
|-
|Meinister
|Jean Pierre Matus Acuña
|-
|Meinister
|Cristina Gajardo Harboe
|-
|Meinister
|María Soledad Melo Labra
|-
|Meinister
|Jessica De Lourdes González Troncoso
|-
|Meinister
|Mireya Eugenia López Miranda
|-
|Meinister
|Omar Antonio Astudillo Contreras
|-
|Meinister
|Gonzalo Enrique Ruz Lartiga
|-
|Meinister
|Jorge Luis Zepeda Arancibia
|-
|Meinister
|Dinko Antonio Franulic Cetinic
|-
|Vacant
|
|-
|Vacant
|
|-
|Vacant
|
|}

== Namely deceesions ==
=== Augusto Pinochet ===

The Chilean Supreme Coort haes been insnorled in monie wechty human richts pleas anent the umwhile Chilean dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]].
* In Julie 2002, it repelled a plea agin Pinochet, sayin that he wis inhabile tae thole an assize ower the heids o dementia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2002-07-02|title=Pinochet unfit to stand trial, rules court|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/02/pinochet.chile|access-date=2026-05-02|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* In August 2004, it homologated a laicher coort's deceesion that Pinochet shid tyne his automatic immunity he gat for aince bein a senator.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2004-08-26|title=Chile strips Pinochet of immunity|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3602630.stm|access-date=2026-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* In Mairch 2005, it altered a laicher coort's deceesion tirrin Pinochet o immunity in the plea o the assassination o Carlos Prats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2005-03-24|title=Pinochet murder case blocked|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4380123.stm|access-date=2026-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* In August 2007, it sustained the life sentence o Hugo Salas Wenzel, wha haed been the foremaist heid offisher frae Pinochet's government tae receive a life sentence for human richts violations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2007-08-29|title=Chile ex-general jailed for life|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6967974.stm|access-date=2026-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gay richts ===

The Chilean Supreme Coort haes makkit controversial deceesions in the area o gay richts.
* In 2004, it homologated a laicher coort's deceesion that tirrit umwhile judge Karen Atala o keep o her three dochters acause she is a lesbian. In 2012, the plea wis altered bi the Inter-American Coort o Human Richts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-02-24|title=Atala Riffo and Daughters v Chile, 2012, Series C No. 239|url=https://www.humandignitytrust.org./resources/atala-riffo-and-daughters-v-chile-2012-series-c-no-239/|access-date=2026-05-03|website=Human Dignity Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* In Januar 2004, it remuived judge Daniel Calvo frae his poseition on the Santiago Coort o Appeals, efter media souchs that he veesited a sauna frequentit bi gay men.

=== Alberto Fujimori ===
On September 21, 2007, the coort appruved Peru's request tae haund ower umwhile Chilean praisident Alberto Fujimori, for human richts an corruption chairges.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Franklin|first=Jonathan|date=2007-09-21|title=Chile orders Fujimori back to Peru|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/sep/21/chile.jonathanfranklin|access-date=2026-05-03|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
*[http://www.poderjudicial.cl/ Chilean Judiciary wabsteid] (in Spainish)


[[Category:Chile]]</text>
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    <title>George W. Bush</title>
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      <text bytes="6606" sha1="2ymtv74gut7mhctubbvkuonf7edf3bh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:George-W-Bush.jpeg|200px|thumb|right|George W. Bush in 2003]]
'''George Walker Bush''' (born [[6 Julie]] [[1946]] in [[New Haven]], [[Connecticut]]) served as the 43rd [[Preses o the Unitit States]] frae 2001 tae 2009 an the 46t [[Govrenor]] o [[Texas]] frae 1995 tae 2000.

== Biography ==
'''[[Media:En-us-George W. Bush.ogg|George W. Bush]]''' (born 6t [[Julie]], [[1946]]) wis eleckit [[Preses o the Unitit States|Preses]] o the [[USA|Unitit States o Americae]] in [[2000]], an wis re-eleckit Preses in [[2004]]. Bush is a [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]], an haes [[Dick Cheney]] as his [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|Vice Preses]]&lt;!--A tak it &quot;vice&quot; is juist as Scots as it is English, an we wadna want something like &quot;Preses-depute&quot; here--&gt;. He is frae [[Midland]], [[Texas]], an awns a ranch thare.

He is the son o umwhile U.S. Preses [[George H. W. Bush]]. Afore he wis Preses, Bush wis [[Governor]] o [[Texas]]. He is mairiet on Laura, an thay hae twin dochters, [[Jenna Bush|Jenna]] an [[Barbara Bush|Barbara]].

Bush wis born in [[Connecticut]], an growed up in Midland, [[Texas]] on a ranch. He jynt the [[Naitional Gaird]] durin the [[Vietnam Weir]], but didna fecht in Vietnam.
 
He wis first electit in the [[US Preses election, 2000|election o November 2000]], wi [[Dick Cheney]] as [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|Vice Preses]]. Florida wis a state whaur election results wis argied ower. It teuk ower a month tae lairn the winner. Bush wis declared tae be the winner, but mony fowk disputes this yet. Acause o the [[Electoral College]] seestem, Florida's votes wis key for Bush tae beir the gree&lt;!-- ower couthie? --&gt;, e'en tho Bush lost the naitionwide popular vote tae [[Al Gore]].

At the [[US Preses election, 2004|election o November 2004]] Bush run agin the [[Unitit States Democratic Pairtie|Democratic]] candidate, [[John Kerry]]. He wun his seicont term in that election; the affcome o this election isna in dispute.

His seicont term endit on 20 Januar 2009, when he wis succeedit bi [[Barack Obama]].

He wis Preses at the time o the [[11t September attacks]].

== Creiticeism ==
Bush haes been creiticeised for his role in the [[2003 Iraq weir]], that he stertit claimin Iraq haed [[wappens o mass destruction]]. Nae sic wappens haes been funnd. Efter the attacks o the 11t o September in New York, some haes creiticeised him for his conter-terrorism meisurs an aa. Amang ither things, his admeenistration haes been accuised o ill-daeins wi its &quot;[[extraordinary rendition]]&quot; policy—i.e. takkin terrorist suspects tae kintras whaur laws anent treatment o thaim in the jyle is less strict nor the US, an haein thaim interrogate bi the local polis. His guvrenment haes hauden terrorist suspects athoot trial in [[Guantánamo Bay]], [[Cuba]] an aa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.myrtlebeachonline.com/mld/sunnews/news/opinion/16649900.htm]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://img128.imagevenue.com/view.php?image=22617_George_W._Bush_candid_photo_122_248lo.JPG |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-04-04 |archive-date=2007-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708172731/http://img128.imagevenue.com/view.php?image=22617_George_W._Bush_candid_photo_122_248lo.JPG |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, George W.}}
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    <title>Gowdspink</title>
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      <comment>Replacin' Carcar.jpg wi' [[File:Carduelis_carduelis_(2012).jpg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: this is not the Filipino city of Carcar).</comment>
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      <text bytes="1921" sha1="dge7gmzxd0lml3oled7vx5dpboot7u9" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Gowlspink
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{IUCN|id=106008832 |title=''Carduelis carduelis'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ststus_ref =&lt;ref&gt;{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=53446|title=Carduelis carduelis|downloaded=12 May 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Carduelis carduelis (2012).jpg
| image_caption=In [[Tarn (department)|Tarn]], France
|image2=European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) (W1CDR0001491 BD15).ogg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[passerine|Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[finch|Fringillidae]]
| genus = ''[[Carduelis]]''
| species = '''''C. carduelis'''''
| binomial = ''Carduelis carduelis''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| range_map = Carduelis carduelis map.png
| range_map_caption = ''Carduelis carduelis carduelis''&lt;br&gt;1 summer 2 all year&lt;br&gt;''Carduelis carduelis caniceps''&lt;br&gt;3 summer 4 all year
}}
[[File:Carduelis carduelis carduelis MHNT 223 Lambézellec.jpg|thumb|''Carduelis carduelis carduelis '']]

The '''Gowdspink''' or Gowdie (''Carduelis carduelis'') is a wee birdie that's weel kent as gairden birds in Scotland an haes a fondness for the seeds o the [[thristle]] an the [[taisle]]. They wis aften taen as birds for the cage but this is nou ootwi the law.

Merk that ''[[Spinus spinus]]'' is kent as the [[gowdie]] an aw.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Carduelis carduelis}}

[[Category:Carduelis]]
[[Category:Birds o Asie]]
[[Category:Birds o Iran|Goldfinch, European]]
&lt;!--[[Category:Birds o Pakistan]] includit in Category:Birds o Asie--&gt;
[[Category:Birds o Europe]]
&lt;!--[[Category:Birds o Turkey]] includit in Category:Birds o Asia--&gt;
[[Category:Birds o Ukraine]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
{{stub/Bird}}</text>
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    <title>Pier Gonella</title>
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      <comment>/* Fremmit Airtins */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1506" sha1="eozve58l4fdez7izvfm2rlttu73wte3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:piergonella2010.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella]]
'''Pier Gonella''' (born 26 March 1977, Genoa) is an [[Italy|Italian]] muisicker (maistly a guitarist) an componer. He is ane o foondin members o the [[Pouer metal]] baund [[Mastercastle]] - the baund that he is the ae leeracist o  an, alang wi Giorgia Gueglio, heidmaist componer o muisic.

== See Forby ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* [[The Phoenix (album)|The Phoenix]]  (Album [[2009]])
* [[Last Desire]] (Album, [[2010]])
* [[Dangerous Diamonds]] (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* [[Freeman (album)|Freeman]] (Album, [[2006]])
* [[6 days to nowhere]] (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* [[Draculea]] (Album, [[2007]])
* [[Phylogenesis]] (Album, [[2009]])
* [[Old Skull]] (Album, [[2010]])
* [[The Age of Fear]] (Album, [[2010]])
* [[Idiosyncrasy]] (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projects ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
{{Commons|Pier Gonella}}
* [http://www.piergonella.com/  Pier Gonella official]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Pier Gonella Youtube official]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle  Mastercastle official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
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      <comment>removed some red links and a redirected link</comment>
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      <text bytes="1429" sha1="gc7u1hjuxsxxjzi4je5b5kwqu2zyptg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:piergonella2010.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella]]
'''Pier Gonella''' (born 26 March 1977, Genoa) is an [[Italy|Italian]] muisicker (maistly a guitarist) an componer. He is ane o foondin members o the [[Pouer metal]] baund [[Mastercastle]] - the baund that he is the ae leeracist o  an, alang wi Giorgia Gueglio, heidmaist componer o muisic.

== See Forby ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projects ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
{{Commons|Pier Gonella}}
* [http://www.piergonella.com/  Pier Gonella official]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Pier Gonella Youtube official]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle  Mastercastle official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>gc7u1hjuxsxxjzi4je5b5kwqu2zyptg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920160</id>
      <parentid>920157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:10:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>920160</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1412" sha1="dt5zbp24tc0zuazppwho4z3qeb1bf8s" xml:space="preserve">[[File:piergonella2010.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella]]
'''Pier Gonella''' (born 26 March 1977) is an Italian muisicker (maistly a guitarist) an componer. He is ane o foondin members o the [[Pouer metal]] baund [[Mastercastle]] - the baund that he is the ae leeracist o  an, alang wi Giorgia Gueglio, heidmaist componer o muisic.

== See Forby ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projects ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
{{Commons|Pier Gonella}}
* [http://www.piergonella.com/  Pier Gonella official]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Pier Gonella Youtube official]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle  Mastercastle official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>dt5zbp24tc0zuazppwho4z3qeb1bf8s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920161</id>
      <parentid>920160</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:12:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendit Scots</comment>
      <origin>920161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1413" sha1="goyl9wlh0tr28qwcxsnh3mgpdc4jb41" xml:space="preserve">[[File:piergonella2010.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella]]
'''Pier Gonella''' (born 26 Mairch 1977) is an Italian muisicker (maistly a guitarist) an componer. He is ane o foondin memmers o the [[Pouer metal]] baund [[Mastercastle]] - the baund that he is the ae leeracist o  an, alang wi Giorgia Gueglio, heidmaist componer o muisic.

== See an aw ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projects ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
{{Commons|Pier Gonella}}
* [http://www.piergonella.com/  Pier Gonella official]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Pier Gonella Youtube official]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle  Mastercastle official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>goyl9wlh0tr28qwcxsnh3mgpdc4jb41</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920162</id>
      <parentid>920161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Airticle impruivement</comment>
      <origin>920162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1523" sha1="pgghwora2ep070iefjpdc7pj0j36tul" xml:space="preserve">[[File:piergonella2010.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella]]
'''Pierangelo Gonella''' (born 26 Mairch 1977), kent professionally as '''Pier Gonella''', is an Italian guitarist, componer an producer, maist kent in the [[Heavy metal muisic|metal]] genre as foondin memmer o the [[hivy metal]] baunds [[Mastercastle]], guitar pleyer o the baund [[Necrodeath]], past memmer o the baund [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], producer o mony solo projecks.

== See an aw ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projecks ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
{{Commons|Pier Gonella}}
* [http://www.piergonella.com/  Pier Gonella official]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Pier Gonella Youtube official]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle  Mastercastle official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>pgghwora2ep070iefjpdc7pj0j36tul</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920163</id>
      <parentid>920162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:19:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendit Scots</comment>
      <origin>920163</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1474" sha1="f9650mx14uuifrt4xzx70bv08f8cnbs" xml:space="preserve">[[File:piergonella2010.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella]]
'''Pierangelo Gonella''' (born 26 Mairch 1977), kent professionally as '''Pier Gonella''', is an Italian guitarist, componer an producer, maist kent in the [[Heavy metal muisic|metal]] genre as foondin memmer o the [[hivy metal]] baunds [[Mastercastle]], guitar pleyer o the baund [[Necrodeath]], past memmer o the baund [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], producer o mony solo projecks.

== See an aw ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projecks ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [http://www.piergonella.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Offeecial YouTube chainel]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle offeecial]
[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>f9650mx14uuifrt4xzx70bv08f8cnbs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920164</id>
      <parentid>920163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:22:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>920164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2015" sha1="1muof3o3magkv1engpubux4dupsns4k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist
| name            = Pier Gonella
| image           = Piergonella_in_2024.jpg 
| caption         = Gonella in 2024
| birth_name      = Pierangelo Gonella
| birth_place     = Italy
| birth_date      =
| instrument      = Guitar
| genre           = [[Heavy metal music|Hivy metal]], [[neoclessical metal]], [[haurd rock]], [[instrumental rock]]
| occupation      = Muisicker, sangwriter, producer
| years_active    = 1999–present
| associated_acts = [[Mastercastle]], [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], [[Necrodeath]]
| website         = {{URL|piergonella.com}}
}}
'''Pierangelo Gonella''' (born 26 Mairch 1977), kent professionally as '''Pier Gonella''', is an Italian guitarist, componer an producer, maist kent in the [[Heavy metal muisic|metal]] genre as foondin memmer o the [[hivy metal]] baunds [[Mastercastle]], guitar pleyer o the baund [[Necrodeath]], past memmer o the baund [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], producer o mony solo projecks.

== See an aw ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projecks ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [http://www.piergonella.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Offeecial YouTube chainel]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle offeecial]
[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>1muof3o3magkv1engpubux4dupsns4k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920165</id>
      <parentid>920164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:25:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>920165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2063" sha1="nwotwfe2xua8cds4czemxrg8eyc4d28" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist
| name            = Pier Gonella
| image           = Piergonella_in_2024.jpg 
| caption         = Gonella in 2024
| birth_name      = Pierangelo Gonella
| birth_place     = [[Chiavari]], Italy
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1977|03|26}}
| instrument      = Guitar
| genre           = [[Heavy metal music|Hivy metal]], [[neoclessical metal]], [[haurd rock]], [[instrumental rock]]
| occupation      = Muisicker, sangwriter, producer
| years_active    = 1999–present
| associated_acts = [[Mastercastle]], [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], [[Necrodeath]]
| website         = {{URL|piergonella.com}}
}}
'''Pierangelo Gonella''' (born 26 Mairch 1977), kent professionally as '''Pier Gonella''', is an Italian guitarist, componer an producer, maist kent in the [[Heavy metal muisic|metal]] genre as foondin memmer o the [[hivy metal]] baunds [[Mastercastle]], guitar pleyer o the baund [[Necrodeath]], past memmer o the baund [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], producer o mony solo projecks.

== See an aw ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projecks ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [http://www.piergonella.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Offeecial YouTube chainel]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle offeecial]
[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
      <sha1>nwotwfe2xua8cds4czemxrg8eyc4d28</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920166</id>
      <parentid>920165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:28:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>920166</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2139" sha1="7lulljtxcbut028n9k74d9o24isradu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist
| name            = Pier Gonella
| image           = Piergonella_in_2024.jpg 
| caption         = Gonella in 2024
| birth_name      = Pierangelo Gonella
| birth_place     = [[Chiavari]], Italy
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1977|03|26}}
| instrument      = Guitar
| genre           = [[Heavy metal music|Hivy metal]], [[neoclessical metal]], [[haurd rock]], [[instrumental rock]]
| occupation      = Muisicker, sangwriter, producer
| years_active    = 1999–present
| associated_acts = [[Mastercastle]], [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], [[Necrodeath]]
| website         = {{URL|piergonella.com}}
|Label= Lion Music&lt;br/&gt;Scarlet Records&lt;br/&gt;Spiritual Beast&lt;br/&gt;King Records
}}
'''Pierangelo Gonella''' (born 26 Mairch 1977), kent professionally as '''Pier Gonella''', is an Italian guitarist, componer an producer, maist kent in the [[Heavy metal muisic|metal]] genre as foondin memmer o the [[hivy metal]] baunds [[Mastercastle]], guitar pleyer o the baund [[Necrodeath]], past memmer o the baund [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], producer o mony solo projecks.

== See an aw ==
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Discography ==
[[File:pierevolution1.jpg|thumb|Pier Gonella-live]]
=== Mastercastle ===
* The Phoenix (Album [[2009]])
* Last Desire (Album, [[2010]])
* Dangerous Diamonds (Album, [[2011]])

=== Labyrinth ===
* Freeman (Album, [[2006]])
* 6 days to nowhere (Album, [[2007]])
* As time goes by (Album, [[2010]])

=== Necrodeath ===
* Draculea (Album, [[2007]])
* Phylogenesis (Album, [[2009]])
* Old Skull (Album, [[2010]])
* The Age of Fear (Album, [[2010]])
* Idiosyncrasy (Album, [[2010]])

=== Projecks ===
* Athlantis, Athlantis (Album, [[2001]])
* Wild Steel, Wild Steel (Album, [[2003]])
* Odyssea, Tears in floods (Album, [[2005]])

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [http://www.piergonella.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzl4VbgEFFfeIzpbdXYuEDQ Offeecial YouTube chainel]
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512  Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle offeecial]
[[Category:Hivy metal guitarists]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mastercastle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920156</id>
      <parentid>783618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-28T23:11:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>removed circular link</comment>
      <origin>920156</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2062" sha1="3pqm3ns5i4epizayd2ubupa3ec65ng0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --&gt;
| name                =Mastercastle
| image                 = mastercastleband1.jpg
| caption            = Mastercastle baund
| image_size            = 
| background          = group_or_band
| alias               = 
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| genre               = [[Hivy metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neo-classical metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Pouer metal]]
| years_active        = 2008 - present
| label               = [[Lion Music]]
| associated_acts     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]]
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official myspace site]
| current_members     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;Steve Vawamas&lt;br&gt;Alessandro Bissa Bix}}

'''Mastercastle''' is a Hivy metal - [[pouer metal]] baund frae [[Italy]].

== History ==
Mastercastle's story stairts in 2008. &lt;br /&gt;
They signed tae ''Lion Music'', a record label frae Finland, in 2008, an the neist year pit oot their first album,''The Phoenix''.&lt;br /&gt;
Co-foonders an componers [[Pier Gonella]] an [[Giorgia Gueglio]] creatit a new soond wi this album, that jyned thegither female vocal wi [[pouer metal]]. &lt;br /&gt;
They set tae recordin their second album, cryed ''Last Desire'' in 2010.

== See an aw ==
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]]
* [[Pier Gonella]]
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Lineup ==
=== Current Members ===
* ''[[Giorgia Gueglio]]'' - Vocals
* ''[[Pier Gonella]]'' - Guitar
* ''Steve Vawamas'' - Bass
* ''Alessandro Bissa'' - Drums

== Discography ==
[[File:Mastercastle logo.png|thumb|Mastercastle logo]]
* ''The Phoenix'' (2009)
* ''Last Desire'' (2010)

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/piergonella Pier Gonella myspace official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Italian hivy metal muisical groups]]</text>
      <sha1>3pqm3ns5i4epizayd2ubupa3ec65ng0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920168</id>
      <parentid>920156</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:30:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>920168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2119" sha1="qjpjr0d8vdbezroyvkf6kke9f1ulpl6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --&gt;
| name                =Mastercastle
| image                 = mastercastleband1.jpg
| caption            = Mastercastle baund
| image_size            = 
| background          = group_or_band
| alias               = 
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| genre               = [[Hivy metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neo-classical metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Pouer metal]]
| years_active        = 2008 - present
| label               = [[Lion Music]]
| associated_acts     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]]
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official myspace site]
| current_members     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;Steve Vawamas&lt;br&gt;Alessandro Bissa Bix}}

'''Mastercastle''' is an Italian [[hivy metal]] baund formit in 2008 bi guitarist [[Pier Gonella]] an sangster [[Giorgia Gueglio]].

== History ==
Mastercastle's story stairts in 2008. &lt;br /&gt;
They signed tae ''Lion Music'', a record label frae Finland, in 2008, an the neist year pit oot their first album,''The Phoenix''.&lt;br /&gt;
Co-foonders an componers [[Pier Gonella]] an [[Giorgia Gueglio]] creatit a new soond wi this album, that jyned thegither female vocal wi [[pouer metal]]. &lt;br /&gt;
They set tae recordin their second album, cryed ''Last Desire'' in 2010.

== See an aw ==
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]]
* [[Pier Gonella]]
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Lineup ==
=== Current Members ===
* ''[[Giorgia Gueglio]]'' - Vocals
* ''[[Pier Gonella]]'' - Guitar
* ''Steve Vawamas'' - Bass
* ''Alessandro Bissa'' - Drums

== Discography ==
[[File:Mastercastle logo.png|thumb|Mastercastle logo]]
* ''The Phoenix'' (2009)
* ''Last Desire'' (2010)

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/piergonella Pier Gonella myspace official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
{{Commonscat}}

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| name                =Mastercastle
| image                 = mastercastleband1.jpg
| caption            = Mastercastle baund
| image_size            = 
| background          = group_or_band
| alias               = 
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| genre               = [[Hivy metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neo-classical metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Pouer metal]]
| years_active        = 2008 - present
| label               = [[Lion Music]]
| associated_acts     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]]
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official myspace site]
| current_members     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;Steve Vawamas&lt;br&gt;Alessandro Bissa Bix}}

'''Mastercastle''' is an Italian [[hivy metal]] baund formit in 2008 bi guitarist [[Pier Gonella]] an sangster [[Giorgia Gueglio]].

== History ==
Mastercastle's story stairts in 2008. &lt;br /&gt;
They signed tae ''Lion Music'', a record label frae Finland, in 2008, an the neist year pit oot their first album,''The Phoenix''.&lt;br /&gt;
Co-foonders an componers [[Pier Gonella]] an [[Giorgia Gueglio]] creatit a new soond wi this album, that jyned thegither female vocal wi [[pouer metal]]. &lt;br /&gt;They set tae recordin their second album, cryed ''Last Desire'' in 2010.

== Lineup ==
=== Current Members ===
* ''[[Giorgia Gueglio]]'' - Vocals
* ''[[Pier Gonella]]'' - Guitar
* ''Steve Vawamas'' - Bass
* ''Alessandro Bissa'' - Drums

== Discography ==
[[File:Mastercastle logo.png|thumb|Mastercastle logo]]
* ''The Phoenix'' (2009)
* ''Last Desire'' (2010)

== See an aw ==
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]]
* [[Pier Gonella]]
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/piergonella Pier Gonella myspace official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
{{Commonscat}}

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| name                =Mastercastle
| image                 = mastercastleband1.jpg
| caption            = Mastercastle baund
| image_size            = 
| background          = group_or_band
| alias               = 
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| genre               = [[Hivy metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neo-classical metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Pouer metal]]
| years_active        = 2008 - present
| label               = [[Lion Music]]
| associated_acts     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]]
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official myspace site]
| current_members     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;Steve Vawamas&lt;br&gt;Alessandro Bissa Bix}}

'''Mastercastle''' is an Italian [[hivy metal]] baund formit in 2008 bi guitarist [[Pier Gonella]] an sangster [[Giorgia Gueglio]].

== History ==
Mastercastle's story stairts in 2008. 

Thay signed tae ''Lion Music'', a record label frae Finland, in 2008, an the neist year pit oot thair furst album, ''The Phoenix''.

Co-foonders an componers [[Pier Gonella]] an [[Giorgia Gueglio]] creatit a new soond wi this album, that jyned thegither female vocal wi [[pouer metal]]. 

Thay set tae recordin thair seicont album, cried ''Last Desire'' in 2010.

== Lineup ==
=== Current Memmers ===
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]] - Vocals
* [[Pier Gonella]] - Guitar
* Steve Vawamas - Bass
* Alessandro Bissa - Drums

== Discography ==
[[File:Mastercastle logo.png|thumb|Mastercastle logo]]
* ''The Phoenix'' (2009)
* ''Last Desire'' (2010)

== See an aw ==
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]]
* [[Pier Gonella]]
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/piergonella Pier Gonella myspace official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
{{Commonscat}}

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| name                =Mastercastle
| image                 = mastercastleband1.jpg
| caption            = Mastercastle baund
| image_size            = 
| background          = group_or_band
| alias               = 
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| genre               = [[Hivy metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neo-classical metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Pouer metal]]
| years_active        = 2008 - present
| label               = [[Lion Music]]
| associated_acts     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]]
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official myspace site]
| current_members     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;Steve Vawamas&lt;br&gt;Alessandro Bissa Bix}}

'''Mastercastle''' is an Italian [[hivy metal]] baund formit in 2008 bi guitarist [[Pier Gonella]] an sangster [[Giorgia Gueglio]].

== History ==
Mastercastle's story stairts in 2008. 

Thay signed tae ''Lion Music'', a record label frae Finland, in 2008, an the neist year pit oot thair furst album, ''The Phoenix''.

Co-foonders an componers [[Pier Gonella]] an [[Giorgia Gueglio]] creatit a new soond wi this album, that jyned thegither female vocal wi [[pouer metal]]. 

Thay set tae recordin thair seicont album, cried ''Last Desire'' in 2010.

== Lineup ==
=== Current Memmers ===
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]] - Vocals
* [[Pier Gonella]] - Guitar
* Steve Vawamas - Bass
* Alessandro Bissa - Drums

== Discography ==
[[File:Mastercastle logo.png|thumb|Mastercastle logo]]
* ''The Phoenix'' (2009)
* ''Last Desire'' (2010)

* ''Dangerous Diamonds'' (2011)
* ''On Fire'' (2013)
* ''Enfer (De La Bibliothèque Nationale)'' (2014)
* ''Wine of Heaven'' (2017)
* ''Lighthouse Pathetic'' (2022)

== See an aw ==
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]]
* [[Pier Gonella]]
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/piergonella Pier Gonella myspace official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
{{Commonscat}}

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| name                = Mastercastle
| image               = mastercastleband1.jpg
| caption             = Mastercastle baund
| background          = group_or_band
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| genre               = [[Hivy metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neo-classical metal]] &lt;br&gt; [[Pouer metal]]
| years_active        = 2008 - present
| label               = [[Lion Music]]
| associated_acts     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;[[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]]
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official myspace site]
| current_members     = [[Giorgia Gueglio]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pier Gonella]]&lt;br&gt;Steve Vawamas&lt;br&gt;Alessandro Bissa Bix}}

'''Mastercastle''' is an Italian [[hivy metal]] baund formit in 2008 bi guitarist [[Pier Gonella]] an sangster [[Giorgia Gueglio]].

== History ==
Mastercastle's story stairts in 2008. 

Thay signed tae ''Lion Music'', a record label frae Finland, in 2008, an the neist year pit oot thair furst album, ''The Phoenix''.

Co-foonders an componers [[Pier Gonella]] an [[Giorgia Gueglio]] creatit a new soond wi this album, that jyned thegither female vocal wi [[pouer metal]]. 

Thay set tae recordin thair seicont album, cried ''Last Desire'' in 2010.

== Lineup ==
=== Current Memmers ===
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]] - Vocals
* [[Pier Gonella]] - Guitar
* Steve Vawamas - Bass
* Alessandro Bissa - Drums

== Discography ==
[[File:Mastercastle logo.png|thumb|Mastercastle logo]]
* ''The Phoenix'' (2009)
* ''Last Desire'' (2010)

* ''Dangerous Diamonds'' (2011)
* ''On Fire'' (2013)
* ''Enfer (De La Bibliothèque Nationale)'' (2014)
* ''Wine of Heaven'' (2017)
* ''Lighthouse Pathetic'' (2022)

== See an aw ==
* [[Giorgia Gueglio]]
* [[Pier Gonella]]
* [[Pouer metal]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/piergonella Pier Gonella myspace official]
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Italian hivy metal muisical groups]]</text>
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    <title>Giorgia Gueglio</title>
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| name                = Giorgia Gueglio
| image               = Giorgia_Gueglio.jpg
| caption             = Giorgia Gueglio on the stage (Genova,June 2009)
| background          = solo_singer
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| instrument          = [[Singin|Vocals]]
| genre               = [[Haurd rock]], [[Hivy metal]]
| years_active        = 1998 - present
| label               = Lion Music
| associated_acts     = [[Mastercastle]], 
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle / Offeecial myspace]
}}

'''Giorgia Gueglio''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] sangster-sangwriter, an the co-foonder o the hivy metal baund [[Mastercastle]].

==Biography==

She stairtit singin frae 1990, follaein his passion for sangsters like [[David Coverdale]], [[Robert Plant]], an [[Ian Gillan]].

Frae 1994 she entered mony hard rock and heavy metal bands. In 2001 she wis contactit for a collaboration bi [[Necrodeath]]. On 2004 she entered the gothic metal project called “Artisluna”, featurin the drummer Mattia stancioiu (first [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]] drummer) as producer an aw, an the guitar player [[Pier Gonella]] (an aw [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], [[Necrodeath]], [[Mastercastle]]. On 2008 She foondit the baund [[Mastercastle]] thegither wi  [[Pier Gonella]]. Wi this baund she published the album “The Phoenix” in 2009 an the album “Last Desire” on 2010, baith unner [[Lion Music]] label

She recordit the voice o the sang ''Queen of Desire (onyric version)'', includit on their album [[The Age of Fear]], released on 26 Mey 2011 unner the [[Scarlet Records]] label.

== Discography ==
===Wi Mastercastle===
* 2009 - ''The Phoenix''
* 2010 - ''Last Desire''
* 2011 - ''Dangerous Diamonds''

===Collaborations===
*2011 - ''Necrodeath - The Age of Fear'' (voice on track 14)
* 2011 - ''Embrace the sun'' (guest in the track 14: ''Sakura'')

== See an aw ==
* [[Mastercastle]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
* [http://www.femmemetal.net/MastercastleGiorgiaGInt.htm a recent Gueglio's interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927171927/http://www.femmemetal.net/mastercastlegiorgiagint.htm |date=2010-09-27 }}
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gueglio, Giorgia}}
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| name                = Giorgia Gueglio
| image               = Giorgia_Gueglio.jpg
| caption             = Giorgia Gueglio on the stage (Genova,June 2009)
| background          = solo_singer
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| instrument          = [[Singin|Vocals]]
| genre               = [[Haurd rock]], [[Hivy metal]]
| years_active        = 1998 - present
| label               = Lion Music
| associated_acts     = [[Mastercastle]], 
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle / Offeecial myspace]
}}

'''Giorgia Gueglio''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] sangster-sangwriter, an the co-foonder o the hivy metal baund [[Mastercastle]].

==Biography==

She stairtit singin frae 1990, follaein his passion for sangsters like [[David Coverdale]], [[Robert Plant]], an [[Ian Gillan]].

Frae 1994 she entered mony hard rock and heavy metal bands. In 2001 she wis contactit for a collaboration bi [[Necrodeath]]. On 2004 she entered the gothic metal project called “Artisluna”, featurin the drummer Mattia stancioiu (first [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]] drummer) as producer an aw, an the guitar player [[Pier Gonella]] (an aw [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], [[Necrodeath]], [[Mastercastle]]. On 2008 She foondit the baund [[Mastercastle]] thegither wi  [[Pier Gonella]]. Wi this baund she published the album “The Phoenix” in 2009 an the album “Last Desire” on 2010, baith unner [[Lion Music]] label

She recordit the voice o the sang ''Queen of Desire (onyric version)'', includit on their album ''The Age of Fear'', released on 26 Mey 2011 unner the [[Scarlet Records]] label.

== Discography ==
===Wi Mastercastle===
* 2009 - ''The Phoenix''
* 2010 - ''Last Desire''
* 2011 - ''Dangerous Diamonds''

===Collaborations===
*2011 - ''Necrodeath - The Age of Fear'' (voice on track 14)
* 2011 - ''Embrace the sun'' (guest in the track 14: ''Sakura'')

== See an aw ==
* [[Mastercastle]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
* [http://www.femmemetal.net/MastercastleGiorgiaGInt.htm a recent Gueglio's interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927171927/http://www.femmemetal.net/mastercastlegiorgiagint.htm |date=2010-09-27 }}
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gueglio, Giorgia}}
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| name                = Giorgia Gueglio
| image               = Giorgia_Gueglio.jpg
| caption             = Giorgia Gueglio on the stage (Genova,June 2009)
| background          = solo_singer
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| instrument          = [[Singin|Vocals]]
| genre               = [[Haurd rock]], [[Hivy metal]]
| years_active        = 1998 - present
| label               = Lion Music
| associated_acts     = [[Mastercastle]], 
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle / Offeecial myspace]
}}

'''Giorgia Gueglio''' (born 1973) is an Italian sangster an foondin memmer o the hivy metal baund Mastercastle.

==Biography==

She stairtit singin frae 1990, follaein his passion for sangsters like [[David Coverdale]], [[Robert Plant]], an [[Ian Gillan]].

Frae 1994 she entered mony hard rock and heavy metal bands. In 2001 she wis contactit for a collaboration bi [[Necrodeath]]. On 2004 she entered the gothic metal project called “Artisluna”, featurin the drummer Mattia stancioiu (first [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]] drummer) as producer an aw, an the guitar player [[Pier Gonella]] (an aw [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]], [[Necrodeath]], [[Mastercastle]]. On 2008 She foondit the baund [[Mastercastle]] thegither wi  [[Pier Gonella]]. Wi this baund she published the album “The Phoenix” in 2009 an the album “Last Desire” on 2010, baith unner [[Lion Music]] label

She recordit the voice o the sang ''Queen of Desire (onyric version)'', includit on their album ''The Age of Fear'', released on 26 Mey 2011 unner the [[Scarlet Records]] label.

== Discography ==
===Wi Mastercastle===
* 2009 - ''The Phoenix''
* 2010 - ''Last Desire''
* 2011 - ''Dangerous Diamonds''

===Collaborations===
*2011 - ''Necrodeath - The Age of Fear'' (voice on track 14)
* 2011 - ''Embrace the sun'' (guest in the track 14: ''Sakura'')

== See an aw ==
* [[Mastercastle]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
* [http://www.femmemetal.net/MastercastleGiorgiaGInt.htm a recent Gueglio's interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927171927/http://www.femmemetal.net/mastercastlegiorgiagint.htm |date=2010-09-27 }}
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gueglio, Giorgia}}
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      <text bytes="2525" sha1="apks62hwu5at0cfiqz7ahsryrv883e3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --&gt;
| name                = Giorgia Gueglio
| image               = Giorgia_Gueglio.jpg
| caption             = Giorgia Gueglio on the stage (Genova,June 2009)
| background          = solo_singer
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| instrument          = [[Singin|Vocals]]
| genre               = [[Haurd rock]], [[Hivy metal]]
| years_active        = 1998 - present
| label               = Lion Music
| associated_acts     = [[Mastercastle]], 
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle / Offeecial myspace]
}}

'''Giorgia Gueglio''' (born 1973) is an Italian sangster an foondin memmer o the hivy metal baund Mastercastle.

== Biography ==
She stairtit singin in 1990, follaein her passion fur sangsters lik David Coverdale, Robert Plant an Ian Gillan.

Frae 1994 she entered mony haurd rock an hivy metal baunds. In 2004, she becam a memmer o the gothic metal projeck Artisluna, featurin the furst Labyrinth drummer Mattia Stancioiu, wha wis the producer an aa. Anither muisicker involvit in the projeck wis guitar pleyer Pier Gonella, memmer o Labyrinth an Necrodeath.

In 2008, she foondit the baund Mastercastle thegither wi Pier Gonella. Wi this baund she published the album ''The Phoenix'' in 2009 an the album ''Last Desire'' in 2010, baith unner the label Lion Music.

In 2001 she wis contactit fur a collaboration bi the extreme metal baund Necrodeath. She recordit the vyce o the sang &quot;Queen of Desire (onyric version)&quot;, includit on thair album ''The Age of Fear'', lowsed on 26 Mey 2011 bi Scarlet Records.

== Discography ==
===Wi Mastercastle===
* 2009 - ''The Phoenix''
* 2010 - ''Last Desire''
* 2011 - ''Dangerous Diamonds''

===Collaborations===
*2011 - ''Necrodeath - The Age of Fear'' (voice on track 14)
* 2011 - ''Embrace the sun'' (guest in the track 14: ''Sakura'')

== See an aw ==
* [[Mastercastle]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
* [http://www.femmemetal.net/MastercastleGiorgiaGInt.htm a recent Gueglio's interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927171927/http://www.femmemetal.net/mastercastlegiorgiagint.htm |date=2010-09-27 }}
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gueglio, Giorgia}}
[[Category:Italian female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:Female hivy metal sangsters]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2647" sha1="5j8ts27kmh1nsenip07w7orkfuy4szt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --&gt;
| name                = Giorgia Gueglio
| image               = Giorgia_Gueglio.jpg
| caption             = Giorgia Gueglio on the stage (Genova,June 2009)
| background          = solo_singer
| origin              = [[Italy]]
| instrument          = [[Singin|Vocals]]
| genre               = [[Haurd rock]], [[Hivy metal]]
| years_active        = 1998 - present
| label               = Lion Music
| associated_acts     = [[Mastercastle]], 
| website                 = [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle / Offeecial myspace]
}}

'''Giorgia Gueglio''' (born 1973) is an Italian sangster an foondin memmer o the hivy metal baund [[Mastercastle]].

== Biography ==
She stairtit singin in 1990, follaein her passion fur sangsters lik [[David Coverdale]], [[Robert Plant]] an [[Ian Gillan]].

Frae 1994 she entered mony haurd rock an hivy metal baunds. In 2004, she becam a memmer o the gothic metal projeck Artisluna, featurin the furst [[Labyrinth (baund)|Labyrinth]] drummer Mattia Stancioiu, wha wis the producer an aa. Anither muisicker involvit in the projeck wis guitar pleyer [[Pier Gonella]], memmer o Labyrinth an [[Necrodeath]].

In 2008, she foondit the baund [[Mastercastle]] thegither wi [[Pier Gonella]]. Wi this baund she published the album ''[[The Phoenix (Mastercastle album)|The Phoenix]]'' in 2009 an the album ''[[Last Desire]]'' in 2010, baith unner the label [[Lion Music]].

In 2001 she wis contactit fur a collaboration bi the [[extreme metal]] baund Necrodeath. She recordit the vyce o the sang &quot;Queen of Desire (onyric version)&quot;, includit on thair album ''[[Necrodeath|The Age of Fear]]'', lowsed on 26 Mey 2011 bi [[Scarlet Records]].

== Discography ==
===Wi Mastercastle===
* 2009 - ''The Phoenix''
* 2010 - ''Last Desire''
* 2011 - ''Dangerous Diamonds''

===Collaborations===
*2011 - ''Necrodeath - The Age of Fear'' (voice on track 14)
* 2011 - ''Embrace the sun'' (guest in the track 14: ''Sakura'')

== See an aw ==
* [[Mastercastle]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.myspace.com/giorgiagueglio Giorgia Gueglio myspace official]
* [http://www.femmemetal.net/MastercastleGiorgiaGInt.htm a recent Gueglio's interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927171927/http://www.femmemetal.net/mastercastlegiorgiagint.htm |date=2010-09-27 }}
* [http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=3540279512 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Mastercastle]
* [http://www.myspace.com/mastercastle Mastercastle official]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gueglio, Giorgia}}
[[Category:Italian female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:Female hivy metal sangsters]]</text>
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    <title>Faiyum</title>
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{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name                   =Faiyum
|other_name             =
|native_name            =الفيوم  &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        = Ceety
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =
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|shield_size            =
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|pushpin_map            = Egypt&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Egyp
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Egyp}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Egyp|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Faiyum Govrenorate|Faiyum]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
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|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
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|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
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|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2006
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                = 
|population_total               = 316,772
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
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|population_density_metro_km2   =
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|population_blank1_title        =Ethnicities
|population_blank1              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               =[[Egyp Staundart Time|EST]]
|utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         =
|coordinates            = {{coord|29|18|0|N|30|50|0|E|region:EG|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
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}}

'''Faiyum''' ({{lang-ar|الفيوم}} {{transl|ar|''Fayyūm''}}, [[Coptic leid|Coptic]]: {{Coptic|'Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ}} ''Paiom'') is a ceety in [[Middle Egyp]] an the caipital o the [[Faiyum Govrenorate]]. It is locatit 130&amp;nbsp;km soothwast o [[Cairo]] an occupies pairt o the auncient steid o [[Crocodilopolis]]. Foondit in aroond 4000 B.C., it is the auldest ceety in [[Egyp]] an ane o the auldest in [[Africae]].

==Name an etymology==
{{Hiero | ''pA-y-m'' (Faiyum) | &lt;hiero&gt;pA-A-i-i-G20-n:n:n:N36&lt;/hiero&gt; | align=left | era=default}}

Its name in Inglis is an' a' spelled as '''Fayum''', '''Fayoum''', '''Al Fayyum''' or '''El Faiyūm'''. Faiyum wis previously offeecially named '''Madīnet el Faiyūm''' ([[Arabic]] for ''The Ceety o Faiyum''). The name Faiyum (an its spellin variations) mey an' a' refer tae the [[Faiyum Oasis]], awtho it is commonly uised bi [[Egyptians]] the day tae refer tae the ceety.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.trismegistos.org/fayum/fayum2/gen_name.php |title=The name o the Fayum province. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-date=2012-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229045648/http://www.trismegistos.org/fayum/fayum2/gen_name.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&amp;story_id=&amp;module_id=&amp;language_id=1&amp;element_id=30630 |title=Faiyum. Eternal Egypt |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-date=2012-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213182536/http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&amp;story_id=&amp;module_id=&amp;language_id=1&amp;element_id=30630 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The modren name o the ceety comes frae [[Coptic leid|Coptic]] {{Coptic|'Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ}} /{{Coptic|Ⲡⲉⲓⲟⲙ}} ''efiom/peiom'' (whence the proper name {{Coptic|Ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲙ}} ''payom''), meanin ''the Sea'' or ''the Lake'', which in turn comes frae late [[Egyptian leid|Egyptian]] ''pA y-m'' o the same meanin, a reference tae the nearbi [[Lake Moeris]].

==Auncient ceety==
{{Main|Crocodilopolis}}

==Modren ceety==
Faiyum haes several lairge bazaars, [[mosque]]s,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/qaitbeymosque.htm The Mosque of Qaitbey in the Fayoum of Egypt] by Seif Kamel&lt;/ref&gt; baths an a muckle-frequentit weekly mercat. The canal cried [[Bahr Yussef]] runs throu the ceety, its banks lined wi hooses. Thare are twa brigs ower the river: ane o three airches, which cairies the main street an bazaar, an ane o twa airches, ower which is biggit the [[Qaitbay]] mosque, that wis a gift frae his wife tae honour the Mamluk Sultan in Fayoum. Moonds north o the ceety merk the site o [[Arsinoe]], kent tae the [[Auncient Greece|auncient Greeks]] as [[Crocodilopolis]], whaur in auncient times the sacred [[crocodile]] kept in [[Lake Moeris]] wis worshipped.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Exhibits/Karanis83/KaranisExcavation/temple2.html The Temple and the Gods, The Cult of the Crocodile]&lt;/ref&gt;

The centre o the ceety is on the canal, wi the fower waterwheels, that are adoptit bi the govrenorate o Fayoum as its naitional seembol, thair chariots an bazaars are easy tae spat.

==Faiyum mummy portraits==

[[Image:Fayum-01.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Portrait o a man, ca. 125-150 AD.. [[Encaustic]] on wid; 37 x 20 [[centimeter|cm]].]]
{{Main|Faiyum mummy portraits}}
Faiyum is the soorce o some famous [[daith mask]]s or [[mummy]] portraits paintit durin the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] occupation o the aurie. The Egyptians continued thair practice o buryin thair deid, despite the Roman preference for [[cremation]]. While unner the control o the Roman Empire, Egyptian daith masks wur paintit on wid in a pigmentit [[wax]] technique cried [[encaustic]]—the [[Fayyum mummy portraits|Faiyum mummy portraits]] represent this technique.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.encaustic.ca/html/history.html |title=History of Encaustic Art |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-date=2012-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223091730/http://www.encaustic.ca/html/history.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; While commonly believed tae represent Greek settlers in Egyp, the Faiyum portraits insteid reflect the complex synthesis o the predominant Egyptian cultur an that o the elite Greek minority in the ceety.

Undisputit remains o early anthropoids date frae the late Eocene an early Oligocene, aboot 34 million years ago, in the Fayyum aurie, soothwast o Cairo. Ane o the earliest fossil primates at Fayum is Catopithecus, datin tae aroond 35 million years ago.

==Famous Steids==
*[[Qasr Qarun]], locatit 44&amp;nbsp;km frae the ceety
*[[Qaitbay Mosque]], locatit in the ceety, an wis biggit bi the wife o the [[Mamluk]] [[Sultan]] [[Qaitaby]]
*[[Hanging Mosque]], biggit unner the Ottoman Rule ower Egyp
*[[Lahun]] Pyramids, locatit 4&amp;nbsp;km ootside the ceety
*[[Hawara]], aircheological site locatit 27&amp;nbsp;km frae the ceety
*[[Wadi Rayan]], or [[Wadi Elrayan]], the lairgest waterfaws in Egyp, locatit aroond 50&amp;nbsp;km frae the ceety

==Notable fowk==
[[Tefta Tashko-Koço]], weel kent [[Albanians|Albanian]] sangster wis born in Faiyum, whaur her faimily lived at that time.

==See an aw==
*[[Crocodilopolis]]
*[[Faiyum mummy portraits]]
*[[Faiyum Govrenorate]]
*[[Fayum alphabet]]
*[[Lake Moeris]]
*[[Bahr Yussef]]
*[[Roman Egyp]]
*[[Phiomia]] (an extinct relative o the elephant, named efter Faiyum)
*[[Wadi Elrayan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Wikinewspar|30 brightly coloured mummies discovered in Egyptian necropolis}}
* {{cite web|url=http://crs.org/egypt/village-sanitation/|title=Photo Gallery: Water Issues in Fayoum Villages|access-date=2011-03-15|archive-date=2009-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906030129/http://crs.org/egypt/village-sanitation/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/4/Al_Fayyum.html|title=Geographical information on Al Fayyum, Egypt|accessdate=2008-03-29|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|archive-date=2008-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417035932/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/4/Al_Fayyum.html|url-status=dead}}
*[http://www.archive.org/details/faymtownsandthe00milngoog P.Fayum = Fayum towns and their papyri, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt] at the Internet Archive
* {{cite web |url= http://www.scribd.com/doc/13199895/Notes-From-DiaryFayum-Trip-1907-Walter-Granger-Bulletin-22-2002-NMMNH |format= [[Portable Document File|PDF]] |title= Notes From Diary––Fayum Trip, 1907 |author= Vincent L. Morgan and Spencer G. Lucas |work= Bulletin 22 |date= 2002 |publisher= [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]: [[New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science]]. 148 pages, public domain.  {{ISSN|1524-4156}} |access-date= 2011-03-15 |archive-date= 2013-10-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131022210743/http://www.scribd.com/doc/13199895/Notes-From-DiaryFayum-Trip-1907-Walter-Granger-Bulletin-22-2002-NMMNH |url-status= dead }}

{{EgypLairgestCeeties}}
{{Sa'id / Upper Egypt Main Cities}}
{{Auncient Egyp topics}}
{{Egypt oasis auries}}
{{Govrenorates caipital o Egyp}}
{{Commonscat|Fayum mummy portraits}}

[[Category:Faiyum| ]]
[[Category:Faiyum Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Govrenorate caipitals in Egyp]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 4t millennium BC]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Egyp]]</text>
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    <title>Damanhur</title>
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{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|name                   =Damanhur
|other_name             =
|native_name            = دمنهور
|native_name_lang       = arz
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        =
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =File:Damanhour.jpg
|imagesize              = 300
|image_caption          =Damanhur
|image_flag             = Flag of Behira Govenorate.JPG
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = Coat of Arms of Behira Govenorate.png
|seal_size              =
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|pushpin_map            = Egypt&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
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|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Egyp
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Egyp}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Egyp|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Beheira Govrenorate|Beheira]]
|subdivision_type2      =
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|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      = 
|&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
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&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
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|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               =2011
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               =242700
|population_density_km2         =auto
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|population_blank1_title        =Ethnicities
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&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               =[[Egyp Staundart Time|EST]] 
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&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
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}}

'''Damanhur''' ({{lang-ar|دمنهور}} {{transl|ar|''Damanhūr''}}, [[Egyptian leid|Egyptian]]: ''Dmỉ-n-Ḥr.w'', [[Coptic leid|Coptic]]: {{Coptic|Ⲧⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲣ}}, {{lang-el|Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μικρά |translit=Hermopolis Mikra}}) is a ceity in [[Lawer Egyp]], an the caipital o the [[Beheira Govrenorate]]. It is located 70&amp;nbsp;km (43&amp;nbsp;mi) sootheast o [[Cairo]], an 70&amp;nbsp;km (43&amp;nbsp;mi) northwast o [[Alexandria]], in the middle o the wastren [[Nile Delta]].

==History==
In [[Auncient Egyp]], the ceity wis the caipital o [[Lawer Egyp]]'s 7t [[Nome (Egyp)|Nome]] o '''[[A-ment]]'''. It stuid on the banks o a canal which connectit the lake [[Mareotis]] wi the [[Canopic]] or maist wasterly airm o the [[Nile]]. ([[Champollion]], ''L'Egypte'', vol. ii. p.&amp;nbsp;249). The ceity wis dedicatit tae the Auncient Egyptian god [[Horus]]. In Greek an Roman times, it wis cried Hermopolis Mikra or Hermopolis Parva, which wad give it an association wi [[Hermes]], the Egyptian [[Thoth]]. As ''Hermopolis'', the ceity attractit the notice o numerous auncient geographers, includin [[Stephanus o Byzantium]] ''s. v.'', [[Strabo]] (xvii. p.&amp;nbsp;802), [[Ptolemy]] (iv. 5. § 46), an the author o the [[Antonine Itinerary]] (p.&amp;nbsp;154). It is a [[Roman Catholic]] [[titular see]].

In 1986, the population o Damanhur wis 188,939. The richly-cultivatit Beheira province gives rise tae mainly agricultural industries which include cotton ginnin, potato processin, an date pickin. It haes a mercat for cotton an rice an aw. 

[[Ahmed H. Zewail]], who wan the [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]] in 1999, wis born in Damanhur in 1946.

==Etymology==
Damanhur (or Damanhour) wis kent in the auncient Egyptian scripts bi the name &quot;Di Men Hor&quot;, which means the ceity o god Hor or [[Horus]], on the grunds that it wis a center for the worship o this god. It wis kent bi ither names an aw: in the Egyptian texts kent as &quot;Behdet&quot;, in the Greek texts kent as the &quot;Hermopolis Prva&quot; which means the ceity Hermes Minor, cried &quot;Obollenoboles&quot; in regards tae the Greek god [[Apollo]], an then they cried it &quot;Tel Ballamon&quot;. Later, the Egyptians returned the oreeginal auld name, an pronoonce it &quot;Temenhor&quot;, an efter the [[Islamic conquest]] they misrepresentit the name tae its name in [[Arabic]] which is nou kent as &quot;Damanhur&quot;.

==Climate==
Being locatit close tae the [[Nile Delta]] that gives Damanhur a [[Mediterranean climate]]. The ceity gets average [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] durin [[winter]], an rare [[rain]] durin ither [[saison]]s. [[Hail]] an [[frost]] are no unkent specifically durin winter.

==Tomb o Yaakov Abuhatzeira==
The toun contains the tomb o [[Yaakov Abuhatzeira]] (1805–1880) a Moroccan Rabbi who dee'd here in 1880 while on a pilgrimage tae the [[Land o Israel]]. The steid is visitit each year bi hunders o devotees.&lt;ref name=H&gt;Barak, David. [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1138668.html Mubarak to allow Jewish pilgrims to visit famous rabbi's tomb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413080558/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1138668.html |date=2010-04-13 }}, ''[[Haaretz]]'', (December 30, 2009).&lt;/ref&gt; The tomb is an offeecial antiquity steid protectit bi the govrenment o Egyp.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lipton |first1=Edward P. |title=Religious Freedom in the Near East, Northern Africa and the Former Soviet States |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=43_j4vdkk5MC&amp;pg=PA18 |accessdate=2011-02-16 |year=2002 |publisher=Nova Publishers |location=New York |isbn=9781590333907 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some Egyptians hae protestit against permittin Jews tae enter Egyp tae mak the annual pilgrimage tae Rabbi Abuhatzeira's tomb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.allheadlinenews.com/briefs/articles/90028915?Israeli%20pilgrims%20to%20Egyptian%20grave%20met%20with%20hostility |title=Israeli pilgrims to Egyptian grave met with hostility |first=David E. |last=Miller |date=28 December 2010 |publisher=The Media Line |format=Reprint |accessdate=2011-02-16 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707113439/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/briefs/articles/90028915?Israeli%20pilgrims%20to%20Egyptian%20grave%20met%20with%20hostility |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 December 2010 |title=Cairo Airport prepares for Israeli pilgrims |journal=[[Al-Ahram]] |accessdate=2011-02-16 |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/2674/Egypt/Cairo-Airport-prepares-for-Israeli-pilgrims-.aspx |archive-date=2011-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111115007/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/0/2674/Egypt/Cairo-Airport-prepares-for-Israeli-pilgrims-.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Cultural references==
Damanhur is the fictional hame o the character Nebamon in the beuk ''Rise of the Golden Cobra'', bi [[Henry T. Aubin]]. 

Damanhur name is uised bi the airtist eco-veelage in northren Italy.

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{1911|wstitle=Damanhūr}}
*{{SmithDGRG|title=Damanhūr}}

==Freemit airtins==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/3/Damanhur.html|title=Geographical information on Damanhur, Egypt|accessdate=2008-03-30|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|archive-date=2008-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726124446/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/3/Damanhur.html|url-status=dead}}
*http://www.damanhour.5u.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107230115/http://www.damanhour.5u.com/en.htm |date=2005-11-07 }}  Arabic script
*http://www.damanhour.5u.com/en.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051107230115/http://www.damanhour.5u.com/en.htm |date=2005-11-07 }}  Inglis script
*http://www.saeednet.4t.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321235728/http://www.saeednet.4t.com/ |date=2008-03-21 }}     live cam frae Damanhour
*{{CathEncy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07289b.htm|title=Hermopolis Parva}}

{{coord|31|03|N|30|28|E|display=title}}

{{EgypLairgestCeeties}}
{{Govrenorates caipital o Egyp}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Beheira Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Govrenorate caipitals in Egyp]]
[[Category:Nile River Delta]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Egyp]]
[[Category:Roman steids in Egyp]]
[[Category:Titular sees in Africae]]
[[Category:Jewish pilgrimage steids]]</text>
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    <title>Damietta</title>
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[[File:Market street in Damietta.JPG|thumb|300px|Mercat street in Damietta]]
[[File:Damietta Corniche.JPG|thumb|250px|Damietta [[Corniche]]]]

'''Damietta''' ({{lang-ar|دمياط}} {{transl|ar|''Dumyāṭ''}}), cried ''Damiata'' or ''Domyat'' an aa, is a [[port]] an the caipital o the [[Damietta Govrenorate]] in [[Egyp]]. It is locatit at the intersection atween the [[Mediterranean Sea]] an the [[Nile]], aboot 200 kilometres (120&amp;nbsp;mi) north o [[Cairo]].

==History==
In [[Auncient Egyp]], the ceety wis kent as '''Tamiat''', but it became less important in the [[Hellenic ceevilization|Hellenic]] period efter the construction o [[Alexandria]].

The [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]] uised [[Alexandria]], Damietta, [[Aden]] an [[Siraf]] as entry ports tae [[Indie]] an the [[Tang Dynasty]] o [[History o Cheenae|Cheenae]].&lt;ref&gt;Donkin, Robin A. (2003). Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans. Diane Publishing Company. ISBN 0871692481.&lt;/ref&gt; Damietta wis an important naval base durin the Abbasid, [[Tulunids|Tulunid]] an [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] periods. This led tae several attacks bi the [[Byzantine Empire]], maist notably the [[Sack o Damietta (853)|sack an destruction]] o the ceety in Mey 853.

Damietta wis again important in the 12t an 13t centuries durin the time o the [[Crusades]]. In 1169, a fleet frae the [[Kinrick o Jerusalem]], wi support frae the Byzantine Empire, attacked the port, but it wis defeatit bi [[Saladin]].

Durin preparations for the [[Fift Crusade]] in 1217, it wis decidit that Damietta shoud be the focus o attack. Control o Damietta meant control o the Nile, an frae thare the crusaders believed thay wad be able tae conquer [[Egyp]]. Frae Egyp thay coud then attack [[Palestine]] an recaptur [[Jerusalem]]. When [[Siege o Damietta|the port wis besieged]] an occupee'd bi [[Frisie|Frisian]] crusaders in 1219, [[Francis o Assisi]] arrived tae peaceably negotiate wi the Muslim ruler. In October 1218 reinforcements arrived includin the Legate Pelagius wi the Inglis earls [[Ranulf o Chester]], [[Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl o Winchester|Saer o Winchester]] an [[William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl o Arundel|William Aubigny o Arundel]] thegither wi ane Odonel Aubigny, [[Robert Fitzwalter]], [[John Lacy]] o Chester, William Harcourt an Oliver the illegitimate son o [[John, Keeng o England|Keeng John]].&lt;ref&gt;Remfry, P.M., (1997). Buckenham Castles, 'The Aubignys and the Fifth Crusade, 1218 to 1221'. ISBN 1-899376-05-4.&lt;/ref&gt;  In 1221 the Crusaders attemptit tae mairch tae Cairo, but wur destroyed bi the combination o natur an Muslim defenses.

Damietta wis forby the object o the [[Seivent Crusade]], led bi [[Louis IX o Fraunce]]. His fleet arrived thare in 1249 an quickly captured the fort, tho he refused tae haund it ower tae the nominal keeng o Jerusalem, tae whom it haed been promised durin the Fift Crusade. Housomeivver, Louis too wis eventually captured an defeatit an wis forced tae gie up the ceety.

Acause o its importance tae the Crusaders, the [[Mamluk]] Sultan [[Baibars]] destroyed the ceety an rebuilt it wi stranger fortifications a few kilometres frae the river.

==Damietta postal code (zip)==
*kornish elnile  34511
*el Aser 34512
*harit elperka 34513

==Monuments==
* Amr Ibn Al-a'as Mosque (Al-Fateh) the 2nt mosque tae be biggit in Egyp an Africae bi the Arabs efter enterin Egyp. It haes been convertit tae a kirk twice durin occupation bi the crusaders an [[Louis IX o Fraunce]]'s son [[Jean Tristan o Fraunce]] wis baptised bi legate o the Pape in this Mosque.
* Al-Matbuly Mosque datin tae Mamluk era.
* Al-Maainy Mosque datin tae Al-Naser Mohammed Ibn Qalawon regin.
* Al-Bahr Mosque datin tae Ottmon rule era.
* Al—Hadidy Mosque in Faraskour 200 year auld.
* Tabiet Ahmed Urabi, ruins o Damietta Fort at Ezbet El-Borg.
* Al-Radwaniya Mosque datin tae Mamluk era.
* The Old Brig &quot; Elkobri Elqadeem&quot; datin tae early 1900s.
* Souk Al-Hesba, the auld doun toun, datin tae Abbasi rule era.

==Present-day==
The day, thare is a canal connectin it tae the [[Nile]], which haes made it an important port ance again. The modren ceety haes a population o aboot 1,093,580 (2006). It contains the [[SEGAS LNG]] (Liquefied Natural Gas) plant, which will ultimately hae a capacity o 9.6 million ton/year throu twa trains. The plant is awned bi Segas, a joint ventur o the Spainyie utility [[Unión Fenosa]] (40%), Italian ile company [[Eni]] (40%) an the Egyptian companies EGAS an EGPC (10% each).The plant is unuisual syne it is no supplee'd frae a dedicatit field, but is supplee'd wi gas frae the Egyptian grid.  EMethanex, the Egyptian diveesion o [[Methanex Corporation]] a Canadian awned company, is currently biggin a 3600 MTPD methanol plant.  Construction is scheduled tae be finished in mid 2010.

==Economic activity==
* White Dammiat Cheese ([[Domiati]]) an ither dairy products that spread in [[Egyp]], [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]], [[Sudan]] an [[Turkey]].
* Furniture &amp; wid wirk antiques
* [[Pattisiare]] an [[Egyptian desserts]].
* Weavin an claes
* Containers transport throu the new port
* Fishin

==Damietta in cultur==
[[Image:Damietta 3.jpg|thumb|left|A 1911 postcard, titled ''The City of Damietta on the Nile'']]

* A frigate o the Egyptian Navy bought frae US Navy [[USS Jesse L. Brown (FF-1089)]] wis renamed ''the Damyat'' efter Damietta.
* [[Amietophrynus kassasii]] (Baha El Din, 1993) &quot;Damietta Toad&quot; ane o the genus [[Amietophrynus]].
* It wis visitit bi [[LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin]] in 1929.
* Seat o the Coptic Orthodox Metropolis o Damietta, Kafr-el-Sheikh, an Bararye, unner jurisdiction o H.E. Metropolitan Bishoy.
* The Greek [[Eastren Orthodox Kirk|Orthodox]] bishop wis based in Damietta in the kirk o Agios Nikolaos.

==See an aa==
{{portal|Egyp}}
* [[Damiata (titular see)]]
* [[Damietta Port]]
* [[Sidhom Bishay]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*J. Tolan, ''St. Francis and the Sultan: The Curious History of a Christian-Muslim Encounter.''  Oxford: Oxford Varsity Press, 2009. [beuk aboot Francis o Assisi's mission tae the Egyptian Sultan Al-Kamil at Damietta in 1219]

==Freemit airtins==
{{commonscat|Damietta}}

* {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/20/Dumyat.html|title=Geographical information on Dumyat, Egypt|accessdate=2008-03-22|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|archive-date=2020-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119152702/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/20/Dumyat.html|url-status=dead}}

{{Govrenorates caipital o Egyp}}
{{coord|31|25|N| 31|49|E|region:EG_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Damietta]]
[[Category:Damietta Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Govrenorate caipitals in Egyp]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Egyp]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Egyp]]
[[Category:Crusade places]]
[[Category:Nile River Delta]]</text>
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    <title>Gosainganj, Lucknow</title>
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      <text bytes="2949" sha1="9qc40jsgpnryt7ogm7rmss7vjzwky9e" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Gosainganj, Lucknow
| native_name             = Gosainganj
| native_name_lang        = 
| other_name              = 
| nickname                = 
| settlement_type         = Ceety
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| pushpin_map             = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Uttar Pradesh, Indie
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|46|12|N|81|7|12|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Indie}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[States an territories o Indie|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leet o destricts o Indie|Destrict]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Lucknow destrict|Lucknow]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 113
| population_total        = 8969
| population_as_of        = 2001
| population_rank         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = Leids
| demographics1_title1    = Offeecial
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1               = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;
| postal_code             = 
| registration_plate      = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Gosainganj''' is a toun an a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Lucknow destrict]] in the [[Indie]] [[States an territories o Indie|state]] o [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Geografie==
Gosainganj is locatit at {{coord|26.77|N|81.12|E|}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Goshainganj.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Gosainganj |access-date=2013-02-17 |archive-date=2013-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407042240/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Goshainganj.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It haes an average elevation o 113&amp;nbsp;metres (374&amp;nbsp;feet).

==Demografics==
{{As o|2001}} Indie [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{GR|India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gosainganj haed a population o 8969. Males constitute 53% o the population an females 47%. Gosainganj haes an average leeteracy rate o 51%, lawer than the naitional average o 59.5%: male leeteracy is 55%, an female literacy is 47%. In Gosainganj, 15% o the population is unner 6 years o age.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lucknow destrict}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Lucknow destrict]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eason Chan</title>
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{{Infobox Chinese-language singer and actor &lt;!------See WikiProject Chinese-language entertainment-------&gt;
|name = Eason Chan
|image =
|caption = Chan at his ''FEAR and DREAMS'' concert 2024
|chinese_name = [[陳奕迅]]
|ancestry = [[Dongguan]], [[Guangdong]], [[Cheenae]]
|origin = Hong Kong
|Nationality = 
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1974|7|27}}
|birth_place = [[British Hong Kong]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|othername = God of Songs (E-Son), King of Pop
|occupation = Muisicker, record producer, actor,&lt;br&gt; businessman
|genre = [[pop muisic|pop]], [[pop rock]], [[soft rock]], [[dance pop]]
|instrument = Vocals, guitar, keybuirds, drums,&lt;br&gt; accordion, harmonica, saxophone,&lt;br&gt; trumpet, violin
|voicetype = [[Tenor]], [[Falsetto]]
|label = [[Cinepoly Records]] (2004–present)&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Emperor Entertainment Group|Music Plus]] (2000–2004)&lt;br&gt;Capital Artists (1995–2000)
|yearsactive = 1995–present
|currentmembers =
|pastmembers =
|associatedact =
|spouse = Hilary Tsui
|partner =
|children = Constance Chan
|parents =
|influences =
|influenced =
|website =
|hongkongfilmwards =
|goldenbauhiniaawards =
|hkfcsawards =
|goldenhorseawards =
|goldenroosterawards =
|goldenmelodyawards = '''Best Male Mandarin Artist'''&lt;br/&gt;2003 ''Special thanks to...''&lt;br/&gt;'''Best Album of the year'''&lt;br/&gt;2008 ''Don't Want To Let Go''
|ntsawards = 1995 Winner
|awards = '''Hong Kong's Most Popular Male Singer'''&lt;br/&gt;2006, 2007
}}

{{Chinese name|[[Chen (surname)|Chan]]}}

'''Eason Chan Yik-shun''' (陳奕迅) is a Hong Kong sangster an actor. Chan haes been praised bi ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine as a front runner in the next generation o [[Cantopop]]. He is considered bi some tae be Hong Kong's third &quot;god o sang&quot; efter [[Samuel Hui]] an [[Jacky Cheung]]. In 2012, ''Time Out Hong Kong'' crouned Chan as the &quot;King o Asian Pop&quot;.

His Cantonese album U87 wis nominatit bi [[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]] as &quot;Five Asian Albums Worth Buying&quot; in 2005. Chan wis the big winner at the prestigious [[Golden Melody Awards]] in 2003 an 2009. In 2003, he wan &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; an &quot;Album of the Year awards&quot; for his wirk in Mandarin album &quot;Special Thanks To...&quot;. In 2009, Chan wan &quot;Album of the Year&quot; again for his wirk in Mandarin album &quot;Don't Want to Let Go&quot;.

==Music awairds statistics==
===Major awairds===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Year
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | [[Metro Broadcast Corporation|MRHMA]]
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | [[Commercial Radio Hong Kong|USCA]]
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | [[RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards|RTHK]]
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | [[Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation|JSG]]
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Joint Music Award
! Total
|-
| 1995 || – || – || – || – || – || 00
|-
| 1996 || 1 || 1 || – || – || – || 02
|-
| 1997 || – || – || 1 || – || – || 01
|-
| 1998 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 09
|-
| 1999 || 2 || 4 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 11
|-
| 2000 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 12
|-
| 2001 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 14
|-
| 2002 || 4 || 3 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 14
|-
| 2003 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 09
|-
| 2004 || – || – || – || – || – || 00
|-
| 2005 || 6 || 5 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 20
|-
| 2006 || 6 || 3 || 3 || 2 || – || 14
|-
| 2007 || 5 || 5 || 6 || 4 || 1 || 21
|-
| 2008 || 5 || 3 || 5 || 2 || – || 15
|-
| 2009 || 6 || 4 || 7 || – || 1 || 18
|-
| 2010 || 7 || 5 || 7 || ^ || – || 19
|-
| 2011 || 4 || 5 || 5 || ^ || – || 14
|-
|}
^ represent the uncooperative o TVB an 5 big record companies, the sangsters unner these record companies will no affer ony prize in JSG

==Discografie==
===Studio albums===
#Eason Chan 陳奕迅 (Cantonese, 1996)
#Tear 一滴眼淚 (Mandarin, 1996)
#Always With Me 與我常在 (Cantonese, 1997)
#Preparation 醞釀 (Mandarin, 1997)
#My Happy Time 我的快樂時代 (Cantonese, 1998)
#New Life 新生活 (Cantonese, 1998)
#God Bless Lover 天佑愛人 (Cantonese, 1999)
#Wedding Blessing 婚禮的祝福 (Mandarin, 1999)
#Happiness 幸福 (Cantonese, 1999)
#Nothing Really Matters (Cantonese, 2000)
#Some Like it Hot 打得火熱 (Cantonese, 2000)
#68'29' (Cantonese, 2000)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.easonchan.net/music |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-21 |archive-date=2012-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602030812/http://www.easonchan.net/music |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Shall We Dance? Shall We Talk! (Cantonese, 2001)
#It's Me 反正是我 (Mandarin, 2001) – Nominatit for &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; in [[Golden Melody Awards]], [[Harlem Yu]] wis the winner
#The Easy Ride (Cantonese, 2001)
#Mixed Up (2001)
#Special Thanks To... (Mandarin,2002) – Wan &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; &amp; &quot;Best Album o the year&quot; in [[Golden Melody Awards]], he is the anerlie sangster tae win these twa awairds in the same year
#Five-star home 五星級的家 (Cantonese, 2002)
#The Line-Up (Cantonese, 2002)
#Black. White. Gray 黑白灰 (Mandarin, 2003) – Nominatit for &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; in [[Golden Melody Awards]], [[Sky Wu]] wis the winner
#Live For Today (Cantonese, 2003)
#Seven 七 (Mandarin, 2003)
#I Had a Great Time (No release)
#U87 (Cantonese, 2005) – Recommendit bi [[Time Magazine]] as ane o the five best Asie albums wirth buyin
#How 怎麼樣 (Mandarin, 2005)
#Sound &amp; Sight (2005)
#Great 5000 Secs Vol.1 and 2 (2005)
#Life Continues... (Cantonese, 2006)
#What's going on...? (Cantonese, 2006)
#My Great Age 我的最好時代 (Cantonese, 2006)
#Admit It 認了吧 (Mandarin, 2007) – Nominatit for &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; in [[Golden Melody Awards]], [[Gary Chaw]] wis the winner
#Listen To Eason Chan (Cantonese, 2007)
#Soliday (Cantonese, 2008)
#Don't Want To Let Go 不想放手 (Mandarin, 2008) – Wan &quot;Best Album of the year&quot; &amp; nominatit for &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; in [[Golden Melody Awards]], [[Jay Chou]] wis the winner
#H³M (Cantonese, 2009)
#5/F Blissful 上五樓的快活 (Mandarin, 2009) – Nominatit for &quot;Best Male Singer&quot; in [[Golden Melody Awards]], [[David Tao]] wis the winner
#Time Flies (Cantonese, 2010)
#Taste the Atmosphere (Cantonese, 2010)
#Stranger Under My Skin (Cantonese, 2011)
#？(Mandarin, 2011)
#...3mm (Cantonese, 2012)
#The Key (Cantonese, 2013)
#Rice &amp; Shine (Mandarin, 2014)
#Getting Ready (Cantonese, 2015)
#C'Mon In~ (Mandarin, 2017)
#L.O.V.E. (Cantonese, Mandarin &amp; English, 2018)
#CHIN UP! (Cantonese &amp; Mandarin, 2023)

==Filmografie==
{{see an aw|Eason Chan filmografie}}
Eason Chan is a notable actor who haes starred in multiple box office hits. Chan stairtit tae act in films in 1997. He haes starred or co-starred in ower 20 films so far. He wis nominatit for Best Supporting Actor bi Hong Kong's Golden Film Awards in 2000 for his role in ''[[Lavender (film)|Lavender]]''. In 2005, he wis nominatit for Best Actor bi Hong Kong's Golden Bauhinia Awards for his wirk in Crazy N' The City. In 2008, He wis nominatit for Best Supporting Actor bi Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards for his wirk in ''[[Trivial Matters]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons}}
;Offeecial
*{{zh icon}} [http://www.umg.com.hk/artist.php?company_id=2&amp;profile_no=49 Eason Chan's Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219234055/http://www.umg.com.hk/artist.php?company_id=2&amp;profile_no=49 |date=2008-02-19 }} at Universal Music
*{{zh icon}} [http://www.easonchan.net Easyjoint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050911102703/http://www.easonchan.net/ |date=2005-09-11 }} – Eason Chan's Internaitional Fans Club
*{{jp icon}} [http://ameblo.jp/easonchan イーソン・チャンオフィシャルブログ] – Eason Chan's Offeecial Blog in Japanese
*{{zh icon}} [http://t.sina.com.cn/1741692611 陈奕迅 新浪微博] Eason Chan's Weibo
*{{zh icon}} [https://www.facebook.com/pages/Eason-Chan/29408320647 Eason Chan's Offeecial Facebook Page]
;Ithers
*{{IMDb name|id=0150873|name=Eason Chan}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Harlem Yu]] 庾澄慶
|title=Golden Melody Awards
Best Male Mandarin Artist
|years=winner&lt;br&gt;2003
|after=[[Sky Wu]] 伍思凱
|}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chan, Eason}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Cantopop sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:Hong Kong male film actors]]
[[Category:Hong Kong male sangsters]]
[[Category:Hong Kong male televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Hong Kong Mandopop sangsters]]
[[Category:Hong Kong fowk frae Dongguan]]
[[Category:Hong Kong sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:New Talent Singing Awards contestants]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ghora Dhaka</title>
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      <text bytes="3598" sha1="okq186ykknhnn6kmbwx3jb4jx2uccoo" xml:space="preserve">''This is aboot a muntain resort toun in Pakistan. For the caipital o Bangladesh, see [[Dhaka]]''
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name           = Ghora Dhaka
| name                    =  
| settlement_type         =  
| image_skyline           =  
| imagesize               =  240px
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_map               = 
| mapsize                 = 150 px
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|34|1|49|N|73|24|30|E|region:PK_type:city|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map             = Pakistan
| pushpin_label_position  = &lt;!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_mapsize         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     =  
| subdivision_type        = [[Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Admeenistrative units o Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]]
| population_total        = 
| population_as_of        = 1998
| population_est          = 
| pop_est_as_of           = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| elevation_m             = 2212
| elevation_m_min         = 
| elevation_m_max         = 
| population_density_km2  = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| leader_title1           = 
| leader_name1            = 
| area_code               = 
| area_code_type          = [[Leet o diallin codes o Pakistan|Cawin code]]
| timezone1               = [[Pakistan Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Ghora Dhaka''', kent as '''Ghora Dakka''' an aw, is ane o the tourist muntain resort touns o the [[Galyat]] aurie in northeast [[Pakistan]]. It is pairt o the [[Ayubie]] aurie an is locatit in the [[Abbottabad Destrict]] in the province o [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pakistantourism.gov.pk/Home.aspx?Sch=161 Gardens &amp; Parks of Pakistan]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is locatit at 34°1'49N 73°24'30E an haes a altitude of 2212 metres (7260 feet).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Ghora_Dakka_Cantonment.html |title=Location of Ghora Dakka - Falling Rain Genomics |access-date=2013-11-26 |archive-date=2013-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813124030/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Ghora_Dakka_Cantonment.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  It lees on the road linkin [[Dunga Gali]] tae [[Murree]], bein 3 mile sooth o Dunga Gali an 15 mile north o Murree.&lt;ref name=&quot;IGI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_242.gif |title=Ghora Dakka Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 236. |access-date=2013-11-26 |archive-date=2012-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928194747/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_242.gif |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==History==
Durin [[Breetish Raj|Breetish rule]], the toun servit as a [[cantonment]], an durin the simmer months wis occupee'd bi a detachment o Breetish infantry.&lt;ref name=&quot;IGI&quot;/&gt;  This is the oreegin o the name ''Ghora Dhaka'', which means &quot;white sodgers hill&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;http://books.google.com/books?id=2vptAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Ghora+Dhaka%22&amp;dq=%22Ghora+Dhaka%22&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=VhC2TJHYGoH-8AaUwcyCDA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5&amp;ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hill stations in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Abbottabad Destrict]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4219" sha1="q4uy4z8w3jqhwf5at5f3ih7fmhhuc4k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox royalty|type=monarch
| name         = Umberto II
| title        =
| image        =  Umberto II, 1944.jpg
| imgw         = 250px
| caption = Umberto in 1944
| reign        = 9 Mey 1946 – 18 Juin 1946
| coronation   =
| succession   = [[Keeng o Italy]]
| moretext     =
| predecessor  = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
|successor     = Monarchy abolished &lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt; [[Enrico De Nicola]] as [[preses o Italy]] &lt;/small&gt;
| spouse       = [[Marie José o Belgium]]
| issue        = [[Princess Maria Pia o Parma|Princess Maria Pia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince o Naples]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Gabriella o Savoy|Princess Maria Gabriella]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Beatrice o Savoy|Princess Maria Beatrice]]
| full name    =Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia
| house        = [[Hoose o Savoy]]
| father       = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
| mother       = [[Elena o Montenegro]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Racconigi]], [[province of Cuneo]], [[Kinrick o Italy]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1983|3|18|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Geneva]], Swisserland
| burial_place = [[Hautecombe Abbey]], Fraunce
| religion     = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Umberto II of Italy - Signature.svg
| signature_alt=Umberto II o Italy seegnatur
}}
'''Umberto II''', born '''Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia''', occasionally anglicised as '''Humbert II''' (full anglicised name: ''Humbert Nicholas Thomas John Mary, o Savoy'') (15 September 1904{{spaced ndash}}18 Mairch 1983), wis the last [[Keeng o Italy]], reignin for slichtly ower a month, frae 9 Mey 1946 tae 12 Juin 1946.

==Issue==

# [[Princess Maria Pia o Savoy (born 1934)|Princess Maria Pia o Savoy]] (born 24 September 1934) mairit {1) [[Prince Alexander of Yugoslavie (1924–2016)|Prince Alexander o Yugoslavie]] an haed issue. Mairit (2) [[Prince Michel o Parma]] an haed issue. 
# [[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince o Naples]] (born 12 Februar 1937) mairit [[Marina Ricolfi Doria]] an haed issue. 
# [[Princess Maria Gabriella o Savoy]] (born 24 Februar 1940) mairit Robert Zellinger de Balkany an haed issue.
# [[Princess Maria Beatrice o Savoy]] (born 2 Februar 1943) mairit Luis Rafael Reyna-Corvalán y Dillon an haed issue.

==Teetles an styles==
[[File:King Umberto II behind of the Flag of Kingdom of Italy.jpg|thumb|220px|upright|King Umberto II]]
* '''15 September 1904 – 29 September 1904''': ''His Ryal Highness'' Prince Umberto o Savoy.
* '''29 September 1904 – 9 Mey 1946''': ''His Ryal Highness'' The Prince o Piedmont.
* '''9 Mey 1946 – 12 Juin 1946''': ''His Majesty'' The King o Italy.
* '''12 Juin 1946 – 18 Mairch 1983''': ''His Majesty'' King Umberto II o Italy.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umberto 02 O Italy}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1983 daiths]]
[[Category:Princes o Piedmont]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Racconigi]]
[[Category:Hoose o Savoy]]
[[Category:Field Marshals o Italy]]
[[Category:Italian monarchs]]
[[Category:Keengs o Sardinie]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes o Savoy]]
[[Category:Claimant Keengs o Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Italian exiles]]
[[Category:Keengs o Italy (1861–1946)]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Supreme Order o the Maist Haly Annunciation]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o Saunts Maurice an Lazarus]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Gowd Medal o Militar Valor]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Ceevil Order o Savoy]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o the Croun o Italy]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Hubert]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Januarius]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Andrew]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Alexander Nevsky]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Anna]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Stanislaus (Roushie)]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Carol I]]
[[Category:Knichts o Maltae]]
[[Category:Knichts Grand Cross o Juistice o the Saucrit Militar Constantinian Order o Saunt George]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Ryal Order o the Seraphim]]
[[Category:Albanie nobility]]
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{{Infobox royalty|type=monarch
| name         = Umberto II
| title        =
| image        =  Umberto II, 1944.jpg
| imgw         = 250px
| caption = Umberto in 1944
| reign        = 9 Mey 1946 – 18 Juin 1946
| coronation   =
| succession   = [[King o Italy]]
| moretext     =
| predecessor  = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
|successor     = Monarchy abolished &lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt; [[Enrico De Nicola]] as [[preses o Italy]] &lt;/small&gt;
| spouse       = [[Marie José o Belgium]]
| issue        = [[Princess Maria Pia o Parma|Princess Maria Pia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince o Naples]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Gabriella o Savoy|Princess Maria Gabriella]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Beatrice o Savoy|Princess Maria Beatrice]]
| full name    =Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia
| house        = [[Hoose o Savoy]]
| father       = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
| mother       = [[Elena o Montenegro]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Racconigi]], [[province of Cuneo]], [[Kinrick o Italy]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1983|3|18|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Geneva]], Swisserland
| burial_place = [[Hautecombe Abbey]], Fraunce
| religion     = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Umberto II of Italy - Signature.svg
| signature_alt=Umberto II o Italy seegnatur
}}
'''Umberto II''', born '''Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia''', Englified as '''Humbert II''' (full Englified name: ''Humbert Nicholas Thomas John Mary, o Savoy'') (15 September 1904{{spaced ndash}}18 Mairch 1983), wis the last [[King o Italy]], reignin for slichtly ower a month, frae 9 Mey 1946 til 12 Juin 1946.

[[File:King Umberto II behind of the Flag of Kingdom of Italy.jpg|thumb|220px|upright|King Umberto II]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umberto 02 O Italy}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1983 daiths]]
[[Category:Princes o Piedmont]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Racconigi]]
[[Category:Hoose o Savoy]]
[[Category:Field Marshals o Italy]]
[[Category:Italian monarchs]]
[[Category:Keengs o Sardinie]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes o Savoy]]
[[Category:Claimant Keengs o Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Italian exiles]]
[[Category:Keengs o Italy (1861–1946)]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Supreme Order o the Maist Haly Annunciation]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o Saunts Maurice an Lazarus]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Gowd Medal o Militar Valor]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Ceevil Order o Savoy]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o the Croun o Italy]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Hubert]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Januarius]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Andrew]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Alexander Nevsky]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Anna]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Stanislaus (Roushie)]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Carol I]]
[[Category:Knichts o Maltae]]
[[Category:Knichts Grand Cross o Juistice o the Saucrit Militar Constantinian Order o Saunt George]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Ryal Order o the Seraphim]]
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{{Infobox ryalty|type=monarch
| name         = Umberto II
| title        =
| image        =  Umberto II, 1944.jpg
| imgw         = 250px
| caption = Umberto in 1944
| reign        = 9 Mey 1946 – 18 Juin 1946
| coronation   =
| succession   = [[King o Italy]]
| moretext     =
| predecessor  = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
|successor     = Monarchy abolished &lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt; [[Enrico De Nicola]] as [[preses o Italy]] &lt;/small&gt;
| spouse       = [[Marie José o Belgium]]
| issue        = [[Princess Maria Pia o Parma|Princess Maria Pia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince o Naples]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Gabriella o Savoy|Princess Maria Gabriella]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Beatrice o Savoy|Princess Maria Beatrice]]
| full name    =Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia
| house        = [[Hoose o Savoy]]
| father       = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
| mother       = [[Elena o Montenegro]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Racconigi]], [[province of Cuneo]], [[Kinrick o Italy]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1983|3|18|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Geneva]], Swisserland
| burial_place = [[Hautecombe Abbey]], Fraunce
| religion     = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Umberto II of Italy - Signature.svg
| signature_alt=Umberto II o Italy seegnatur
}}
'''Umberto II''', born '''Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia''', Englified as '''Humbert II''' (full Englified name: ''Humbert Nicholas Thomas John Mary, o Savoy'') (15 September 1904{{spaced ndash}}18 Mairch 1983), wis the last [[King o Italy]], reignin for slichtly ower a month, frae 9 Mey 1946 til 12 Juin 1946.

[[File:King Umberto II behind of the Flag of Kingdom of Italy.jpg|thumb|220px|upright|King Umberto II]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umberto 02 O Italy}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1983 daiths]]
[[Category:Princes o Piedmont]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Racconigi]]
[[Category:Hoose o Savoy]]
[[Category:Field Marshals o Italy]]
[[Category:Italian monarchs]]
[[Category:Keengs o Sardinie]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes o Savoy]]
[[Category:Claimant Keengs o Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Italian exiles]]
[[Category:Keengs o Italy (1861–1946)]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Supreme Order o the Maist Haly Annunciation]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o Saunts Maurice an Lazarus]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Gowd Medal o Militar Valor]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Ceevil Order o Savoy]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o the Croun o Italy]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Hubert]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Januarius]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Andrew]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Alexander Nevsky]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Anna]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Stanislaus (Roushie)]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Carol I]]
[[Category:Knichts o Maltae]]
[[Category:Knichts Grand Cross o Juistice o the Saucrit Militar Constantinian Order o Saunt George]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Ryal Order o the Seraphim]]
[[Category:Albanie nobility]]
[[Category:Italian monarchists]]</text>
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{{Infobox ryalty|type=monarch
| name         = Umberto II
| image        =  Umberto II, 1944.jpg
| imgw         = 250px
| caption = Umberto in 1944
| reign        = 9 Mey 1946 – 18 Juin 1946
| succession   = [[King o Italy]]
| predecessor  = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
|successor     = Monarchy abolished &lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt; [[Enrico De Nicola]] as [[preses o Italy]] &lt;/small&gt;
| spouse       = [[Marie José o Belgium]]
| issue        = [[Princess Maria Pia o Parma|Princess Maria Pia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince o Naples]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Gabriella o Savoy|Princess Maria Gabriella]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Princess Maria Beatrice o Savoy|Princess Maria Beatrice]]
| full name    = Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia
| house        = [[Hoose o Savoy]]
| father       = [[Victor Emmanuel III o Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
| mother       = [[Elena o Montenegro]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Racconigi]], [[province of Cuneo]], [[Kinrick o Italy]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1983|3|18|1904|9|15|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Geneva]], Swisserland
| burial_place = [[Hautecombe Abbey]], Fraunce
| religion     = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Umberto II of Italy - Signature.svg
| signature_alt=Umberto II o Italy seegnatur
}}
'''Umberto II''', born '''Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia''', Englified as '''Humbert II''' (full Englified name: ''Humbert Nicholas Thomas John Mary, o Savoy'') (15 September 1904{{spaced ndash}}18 Mairch 1983), wis the last [[King o Italy]], reignin for slichtly ower a month, frae 9 Mey 1946 til 12 Juin 1946.

[[File:King Umberto II behind of the Flag of Kingdom of Italy.jpg|thumb|220px|upright|King Umberto II]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umberto 02 O Italy}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1983 daiths]]
[[Category:Princes o Piedmont]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Racconigi]]
[[Category:Hoose o Savoy]]
[[Category:Field Marshals o Italy]]
[[Category:Italian monarchs]]
[[Category:Keengs o Sardinie]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes o Savoy]]
[[Category:Claimant Keengs o Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Italian exiles]]
[[Category:Keengs o Italy (1861–1946)]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Supreme Order o the Maist Haly Annunciation]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o Saunts Maurice an Lazarus]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Gowd Medal o Militar Valor]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Ceevil Order o Savoy]]
[[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o the Croun o Italy]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Hubert]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Januarius]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Andrew]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Alexander Nevsky]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Anna]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Saunt Stanislaus (Roushie)]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Carol I]]
[[Category:Knichts o Maltae]]
[[Category:Knichts Grand Cross o Juistice o the Saucrit Militar Constantinian Order o Saunt George]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Ryal Order o the Seraphim]]
[[Category:Albanie nobility]]
[[Category:Italian monarchists]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stirlin (bird)</title>
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      <text bytes="1333" sha1="6gar0ecelfcbo3ls6hexfzmkmursw3b" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
 | name                = Stairlin
 | image               = Toulouse - Sturnus vulgaris - 2012-02-26 - 3.jpg
 | image_alt           = Stairlin
 | status              = LC
 | status_system       = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref          = &lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{IUCN|id=22710886 |title=''Sturnus vulgaris'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | genus               = Sturnus
 | species             = vulgaris
 | authority           = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[Systema Naturae|1758]]
 | range_map           = Sturnus vulgaris map.png
 | range_map_caption   = 
'''Native:''' {{leftlegend|#FFF008| Simmer veesitor|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#008000| Resident |outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#0080FF| Winter veesitor|outline=gray}}'''Introduced:''' {{leftlegend|#FFFF80| Simmer veesitor|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#80FF80| Resident | outline             = gray}}
}}
The '''stairlin''' (''Sturnus vulgaris'') (kent as '''stuckie''' forby), is a middlin [[passerine]] [[bird]] in the faimily [[Sturnidae]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{taxonbar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:stirlin}}
[[Category:Birds o Europe]]
[[Category:Birds o Pakistan]]
[[Category:Urban ainimals|Stirlin]]
[[Category:Birds descrived in 1758]]
{{stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2040s</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>920146</id>
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      <comment>/* Notable predictions an kent events */ Okay</comment>
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      <text bytes="2391" sha1="a535lhjbe9g8gxq13cmp9drodvrrrn6" xml:space="preserve">{{decadebox|204}}
The '''2040s''' (pronouncit &quot;twenty-forties&quot;) is a [[decade]] o the [[Gregorian calendar]] thon will begin on 1 Januar  2040, and will end on 31 December 2049.

== Notable predictions an kent events ==

* Possible mannit mission bi [[NASA|nasa]] tae [[jupiter]]'s moon, [[Callisto (muin)|callisto]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120305055810/http://trajectory.grc.nasa.gov/aboutus/papers/STAIF-2003-177.pdf &quot;&quot;High Power MPD Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) for Artificial Gravity HOPE Missions to Callisto&quot; trajectory.grc.nasa.gov&quot;] Retrieved January 12, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 


=== 2041 ===
* Super Bowl LXXV take on February 2041.

=== 2042 ===

* Accordin tae the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|unitit states census bureau]], U.S. residents wha identify themselves as bein [[Hispanic an Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino,]] [[African Americans|African American]], [[Asian]], [[Paceefic islander]] an [[Native American]] will collectively ootnummer fowk that identify as bein [[Non-hispanic whites|white o non-Hispanic]] origin.&lt;ref&gt;Ortman, Jennifer M.; Guarneri, Christine E. (2009), [https://web.archive.org/web/20170226194041/https://www.census.gov/population/projections/files/analytical-document09.pdf &quot;United States Population Projections: 2000 to 2050&quot;] , 2009 National Population Projections (PDF), United States of America: United States Census Bureau, retrieved January 12, 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2045 ===

* August 12: a [[total solar eclipse]] will tak place i the unitit states, producin a path from [[californie]] tae [[florida]]. Some parts o florida are predictit tae experience [[Solar eclipse|totality]] for six minutes, the longest i us history.
* [[Ray kurzweil]] i ''[[the singularity is near]]'' places the emergence o the [[technological singularity]] i 2045.

=== 2047 ===

* Julie 1: [[Hong Kong|hong kong]]'s [[special administrative]] status ends. Accordin tae chapter A, article 5 o hong kong's [[basic law]], &quot;the [[Socialism|socialist]] system an policies shall no be practisit i the hong kong special administrative region, an the previous [[Caipitalism|capitalist]] system an way o life shall remain unchangit for 50 years.&quot; the basic law wis adoptit i 1997; thae 50 year come tae an end i 2047.

=== 2049 ===

* December 20: [[Macau]]'s [[special administrative]] status ends, similarly to Hong Kong's situation.

== Refrences ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>920147</id>
      <parentid>920146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-28T20:31:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Revertit edit o ~2026-42140-67, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane</comment>
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      <text bytes="2334" sha1="q7rmtid32pyv4wczk1tbkq36o6kvyzm" xml:space="preserve">{{decadebox|204}}
The '''2040s''' (pronouncit &quot;twenty-forties&quot;) is a [[decade]] o the [[Gregorian calendar]] thon will begin on 1 Januar  2040, and will end on 31 December 2049.

== Notable predictions an kent events ==

* Possible mannit mission bi [[NASA|nasa]] tae [[jupiter]]'s moon, [[Callisto (muin)|callisto]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120305055810/http://trajectory.grc.nasa.gov/aboutus/papers/STAIF-2003-177.pdf &quot;&quot;High Power MPD Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) for Artificial Gravity HOPE Missions to Callisto&quot; trajectory.grc.nasa.gov&quot;] Retrieved January 12, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
*

=== 2042 ===

* Accordin tae the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|unitit states census bureau]], U.S. residents wha identify themselves as bein [[Hispanic an Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino,]] [[African Americans|African American]], [[Asian]], [[Paceefic islander]] an [[Native American]] will collectively ootnummer fowk that identify as bein [[Non-hispanic whites|white o non-Hispanic]] origin.&lt;ref&gt;Ortman, Jennifer M.; Guarneri, Christine E. (2009), [https://web.archive.org/web/20170226194041/https://www.census.gov/population/projections/files/analytical-document09.pdf &quot;United States Population Projections: 2000 to 2050&quot;] , 2009 National Population Projections (PDF), United States of America: United States Census Bureau, retrieved January 12, 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2045 ===

* August 12: a [[total solar eclipse]] will tak place i the unitit states, producin a path from [[californie]] tae [[florida]]. Some parts o florida are predictit tae experience [[Solar eclipse|totality]] for six minutes, the longest i us history.
* [[Ray kurzweil]] i ''[[the singularity is near]]'' places the emergence o the [[technological singularity]] i 2045.

=== 2047 ===

* Julie 1: [[Hong Kong|hong kong]]'s [[special administrative]] status ends. Accordin tae chapter A, article 5 o hong kong's [[basic law]], &quot;the [[Socialism|socialist]] system an policies shall no be practisit i the hong kong special administrative region, an the previous [[Caipitalism|capitalist]] system an way o life shall remain unchangit for 50 years.&quot; the basic law wis adoptit i 1997; thae 50 year come tae an end i 2047.

=== 2049 ===

* December 20: [[Macau]]'s [[special administrative]] status ends, similarly to Hong Kong's situation.

== Refrences ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eastren Veelages, Stirlin</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1368" sha1="jpjtqtiy8lqcx2wuqq9so9q238bkwob" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fallin_-_geograph.org.uk_-_181734.jpg|thumb|259x259px|Fallin, e biggest veelage.]]
[[File:Cowie, Stirlingshire - geograph.org.uk - 160337.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Cowie, e second biggest veelage.]]
[[File:The ruins of Plean House - geograph.org.uk - 160341.jpg|thumb|261x261px|Plean, e third biggest veelage.]]
The Eastren Veelages is a set ae veelages in East [[Stirlin (cooncil area)|Stirlin]], comprised o [[Fallin]], [[Cowie]], [[Plean]] an [[Throsk]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CityFibre: Connect the Eastern Villages|url=https://www.stirlingconservatives.com/broadband|access-date=2022-08-30|website=Stirling|language=en|archive-date=2022-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830170500/https://www.stirlingconservatives.com/broadband|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In e 2001 census, the hale population o the Eastren Villages wis recordit at 7,394.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-03-07|title=Browser Population|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&amp;mainArea=fallin&amp;mainLevel=Locality|access-date=2022-08-30|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307181402/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&amp;mainArea=fallin&amp;mainLevel=Locality|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:RN Ammunition Depot, Throsk.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Throsk, e wee'est village.]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tasks</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>232224</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920143</id>
      <parentid>912735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-28T13:21:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
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      <comment>/* Leid */ update nummer</comment>
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      <text bytes="3406" sha1="1aahj2of18907jj0vk5lf7cjtj60juh" xml:space="preserve">{{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}}

==Leid==

* Sort oot aw the airticles in [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid]]

Thare ur '''2323''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1382''' (28 Juin 2026) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer!

'''Stubs''' - Ony frae [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?show_disambiguation_pages=both&amp;manual_list_wiki=&amp;max_sitelink_count=&amp;langs_labels_any=&amp;search_query=&amp;langs_labels_yes=&amp;cb_labels_yes_l=1&amp;labels_any=&amp;referrer_url=&amp;cb_labels_no_l=1&amp;search_wiki=&amp;search_filter=&amp;sitelinks_yes=&amp;ores_prob_from=&amp;page_image=any&amp;langs_labels_no=&amp;min_sitelink_count=&amp;links_to_no=&amp;wikidata_prop_item_use=&amp;language=sco&amp;depth=1&amp;search_max_results=500&amp;ns%5B0%5D=1&amp;format=html&amp;links_to_any=&amp;categories=Pages+that+wis+written+by+a+body+that+haesna+a+guid+grip+on+the+leid%0D%0AAw+stub+airticles&amp;after=&amp;sitelinks_any=&amp;ores_prediction=any&amp;smaller=&amp;before=&amp;project=wikipedia&amp;cb_labels_any_l=1&amp;wpiu=any&amp;output_compatability=catscan&amp;interface_language=en&amp;namespace_conversion=keep&amp;sparql=&amp;larger=&amp;show_soft_redirects=both&amp;common_wiki=auto&amp;doit= this list.]

Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says &quot;The 'Scots' thit wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid.&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Template:Fix Scots airticles
! Month !! Nummer || Stubs
|-
| Juin 2026 || 2323 || 1382
|-
| Jan 2026 || 2325 ||1389
|-
| Nov 2025 || 2353 || 1414
|-
| Oct 2025 || 2402 || 1450
|-
| Julie 2025 || 2428 || 1468
|-
| Juin 2025 || 2437 || 1477
|-
| Mey 2025 || 2443 || 1481
|- 
| Mairch 2025 || 2450 || 1480
|-
| Februar 2025 || 2487 || 1524
|-
| Januar 2025 || 2488 || 1530
|-
| Dizember 2024 || 2495 || 1537
|-
| Novemmer 2024 || 2502 || 1543
|-
| Mairch 2023 || 2427 || 1613
|}

{{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged with FixScots will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed.

==Categories==

* Categories [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CategoryTree?target=Category%3AActors&amp;mode=categories&amp;namespaces= here] (Category Tree, &quot;Actors&quot;)
: &quot;middlin&quot; &gt;&gt; &quot;medium&quot;

&quot;middlin&quot; refers tae wecht, size or ability. In thon categories, it is bein uised tae refer tae kinds o media sae sud be uisin &quot;medium&quot; (the singular o media)

* Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]]
{{en}} The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|tuim category}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; on the category page.

==References==

*  Aw airticles wantin soorces [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]]

Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says &quot;This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces.&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Unsoorced airticles
! Month !! Nummer
|-
| Nov 2025 (13.11.25) || 321
|-
| Oct 2025 (21.10) || 344
|-
| Juin 2025 (24.06) || 382
|-
| Mey 2025 (27.05) || 398
|-
| Mairch 2025 (27.03) || 396
|-
| Februar 2025 || 420
|-
| Januar 2025 || 445
|-
| Dizember 2024 || 435
|-
| Novemmer 2024 || 456
|}

{{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged as unsourced will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:August 2026 Writin Drive</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>233261</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920144</id>
      <parentid>920139</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-28T13:22:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Airticles */ airticles</comment>
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{{TOC right}}
{{nutshell|title=Scots Wikipedia August 2026 Writin Drive
|'''Whaur an Whan?:''' Yer hoose / Onwab -(drap in, See gin ye cannae mak hit fur the stairt, dinnae get yersel wirkit up!) 17-23 August 2026
|'''Fowk tae contact:''' [mailto:scotland@wikimedia.org.uk scotland@wikimedia.org.uk]  
|'''Cost:''' Free 
|'''Hou dae a sign up?:''' [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_Writin_Drive_August_2026_(17_-_23_August_2026) Dashboard here], pass &quot;qzasjmup&quot;. [[Wikipedia:Discord|Discord here]], [https://matrix.to/#/#scots-wikipedia-edtiors:glasgow.social Matrix here]}}

== Anent Us ==
Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, we'r hostin a bimonthly event tae git fowk engaged wi the Wiki! This event will celebrate 6 year o daein editathons!

This will be oor last writin drive event afore we go on an indefinite haitus.

[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_Writin_Drive_August_2026_(17_-_23_August_2026)?enroll=qzasjmup Jyne the Dashboard here!]

{{en}} Join us in fixing and improving the Scots Wiki, we host bimonthly events to get people engaged with the Wiki! This event will celebrate 6 years of doing these events!

This will be our last writing drive before we go on an indefinite haitus.

== Zoom sessions ==
{{en}}

* Monday 17th August, 18:00 - 20:00 BST (UTC+1) [[Event:August 2026 Writin Drive 17.08.26|Click to register here]]
* Thursday 20th August, 18:00 - 20:00 BST (UTC+1) [[Event:August 2026 Writin Drive 20.08.26|Click to register here]]

== Airticles==
* Sort oot aw the airticles in [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid]]

Thare ur '''2323''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1382''' (28 Juin 2026) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer!

'''Stubs''' - Ony frae [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?show_disambiguation_pages=both&amp;manual_list_wiki=&amp;max_sitelink_count=&amp;langs_labels_any=&amp;search_query=&amp;langs_labels_yes=&amp;cb_labels_yes_l=1&amp;labels_any=&amp;referrer_url=&amp;cb_labels_no_l=1&amp;search_wiki=&amp;search_filter=&amp;sitelinks_yes=&amp;ores_prob_from=&amp;page_image=any&amp;langs_labels_no=&amp;min_sitelink_count=&amp;links_to_no=&amp;wikidata_prop_item_use=&amp;language=sco&amp;depth=1&amp;search_max_results=500&amp;ns%5B0%5D=1&amp;format=html&amp;links_to_any=&amp;categories=Pages+that+wis+written+by+a+body+that+haesna+a+guid+grip+on+the+leid%0D%0AAw+stub+airticles&amp;after=&amp;sitelinks_any=&amp;ores_prediction=any&amp;smaller=&amp;before=&amp;project=wikipedia&amp;cb_labels_any_l=1&amp;wpiu=any&amp;output_compatability=catscan&amp;interface_language=en&amp;namespace_conversion=keep&amp;sparql=&amp;larger=&amp;show_soft_redirects=both&amp;common_wiki=auto&amp;doit= this list.]

Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says &quot;The 'Scots' thit wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid.&quot;

=={{en}} Tasks for those not confident in their Scots==
* Adding images to articles.
* Removing unnecessary redlinks. 
* Checking redlinked categories to see if they need to be created / deleted if they're unnecessary (there's quite a few have been taken over from en.wiki that aren't appropriate to sco.wiki's current size, for example.)
* Finding [[:category:Airticles wantin soorces|sources for unsourced articles]], and removing the &quot;unsoorced&quot; tag once that's done. 
{{The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:~2026-42140-67</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920151</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-28T20:35:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made page wi &quot;:{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <origin>920151</origin>
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      <text bytes="769" sha1="4j9oxkp7ohspkz4czmv47hqyatzomhm" xml:space="preserve">:[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-42140-67|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 20:35, 28 Julie 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>920152</id>
      <parentid>920151</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-28T20:35:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="786" sha1="lqb6tx2uv99zk80guf02s80hoikxvm2" xml:space="preserve">== Julie 2026 ==
:[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-42140-67|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 20:35, 28 Julie 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>lqb6tx2uv99zk80guf02s80hoikxvm2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pierangelo Gonella</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>233797</id>
    <redirect title="Pier Gonella" />
    <revision>
      <id>920167</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:28:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reguidin tae [[Pier Gonella]]</comment>
      <origin>920167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="eyvcqyj7kzeto7sd3yifm1xuk1eheak" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Pier Gonella]]</text>
      <sha1>eyvcqyj7kzeto7sd3yifm1xuk1eheak</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Demetrio99</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920176</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T00:50:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>920176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1067" sha1="q7k3cvnvekabw73kbgen75qwjn472h2" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Demetrio99, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Demetrio99|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:50, 29 Julie 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>q7k3cvnvekabw73kbgen75qwjn472h2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:~2026-42070-27</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233800</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920182</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T05:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made page wi &quot;{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <origin>920182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="768" sha1="pw9289qzmsxg1lp7aik6zz91vl2tj9y" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-42070-27|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 05:28, 29 Julie 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>pw9289qzmsxg1lp7aik6zz91vl2tj9y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>920183</id>
      <parentid>920182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T05:29:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>920183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="785" sha1="1bgknxk2p1unkr1w99icogpa35682ag" xml:space="preserve">== Julie 2026 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-42070-27|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 05:28, 29 Julie 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1bgknxk2p1unkr1w99icogpa35682ag</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Akinsolaadewumi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>920184</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-29T05:29:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>920184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1077" sha1="cxgyv7r2lvm9003ga2t6gbksq60b2oh" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Akinsolaadewumi, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Akinsolaadewumi|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 05:29, 29 Julie 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>cxgyv7r2lvm9003ga2t6gbksq60b2oh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>