Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Kosovo 0 8538 920426 918341 2026-08-03T11:54:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|42|35|N|21|00|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic o Kosovo | native_name = {{unbulleted list |item_style=font-size:81%; |{{native name|sq|Republika e Kosovës|italics=off}} |{{native name|sr|Република Косово <br/> Republika Kosovo|italics=off}} }} | common_name = Kosovo | image_flag = Flag of Kosovo.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Kosovo.svg | image_map = Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg | map_caption = Location an extent o Kosovo in [[Europe]]. | national_motto = | national_anthem = "[[Europe (anthem)|Europe]]"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110215123402/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2008&mm=06&dd=11&nav_id=51011 "Assembly approves Kosovo anthem"], ''b92.net'', 11 June 2008. Link accessed 11 June 2008.</ref><br/><center>[[File:National Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = {{hlist |[[Albanie leid|Albanie]] |[[Serbie leid|Serbie]]}} | regional_languages = {{hlist |[[Bosnie leid|Bosnie]] |[[Turkis leid|Turkis]] |[[Gora dialect|Gorani]] |[[Romani leid|Romani]]}} | demonym = {{unbulleted list |Kosovar, Kosovan}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Pristina]]}} | status = [[Leet o states wi leemitit recogneetion|Disputit]]<br/> * [[Internaitional recogeetion o Kosovo|Recognised bi 111 member states]] o the [[Unitit Naitions]] * Claimed bi [[Serbie]] as the ''[[Autonomous Province o Kosovo an Metohija]]'' {{small|(unner [[Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil Resolution 1244|UN Security Cooncil resolution 1244]])}} | coordinates = {{Coord|42|40|N|21|10|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Preses o Kosovo|Preses]] | leader_name1 = [[Vjosa Osmani]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Kosovo|Prime Meenister]] | leader_name2 = [[Albin Kurti]] | legislature = [[Assemmly o Kosovo]] | leader_title3 = [[Chairman o the Assembly o Kosovo|Chairman o the Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Glauk Konjufca]] | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area_km2 = 10,908 | area_sq_mi = 4,212 | percent_water = 1.0<ref>{{cite web|title=Water percentage in Kosovo (Facts about Kosovo; 2011 Agriculture Statistics)|url=http://ask.rks-gov.net/|publisher=Kosovo Agency of Statistics, KAS}}</ref> | population_estimate = 1,907,592<ref name=Demographics2015>{{cite web|title=Demographics of Kosovo (2016)|url=http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=XK&year=2018|publisher=Geoba.se|access-date=2018-02-09|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091013/http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=XK&year=2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2016 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 159 | population_density_sq_mi = 412 | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP = $19 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=43&pr.y=14&sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=967&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Kosovo |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,383 | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal = $7 billion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,581 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = FY2005/2006 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 30.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html |title=Distribution of family income&nbsp;– Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=31 August 2014 |archive-date=2011-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_rank = 121 | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.786 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Kosovo Human Development Report 2014|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/khdr2014english.pdf|publisher=Swiss Cooperation Office Kosovo|accessdate=4 July 2015|format=PDF|date=2014}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])<sup>c</sup> | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = richt | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Kosovo|+383]]<sup>d</sup> | iso3166code = XK <!--<sup>e</sup>--> | established_event1 = [[Kosovo Vilayet]] | established_date1 = 1877 | established_event2 = [[Socialist Autonomous Province o Kosovo|Autonomous Province]] | established_date2 = 31 Januar 1946 | established_event3 = [[Republic o Kosova]] | established_date3 = 2 Julie 1990 | established_event4 = [[UN Security Cooncil Resolution 1244|UNSCR 1244]] | established_date4 = 10 Juin 1999 | established_event5 = [[Unitit Naitions Interim Admeenistration Mission in Kosovo|UN Admeenistration]] | established_date5 = Juin 1999 | established_event6 = [[2008 Kosovo declaration o unthirrldom|Declaration o unthirldom]] | established_date6 = 17 Februar 2008 | established_event7 = [[Internaitional Steerin Group for Kosovo|End o Steerin Group superveesion]] | established_date7 = 10 September 2012 | established_event8 = [[Brussels Greement (2013)|Brussels Greement]] | established_date8 = 19 Apryle 2013 | footnote_a = 2014 estimate. A new estimate haes been addit in order tae gie a mair correct GDP per capita. | footnote_b = Preliminar results o 2011 census, that excludit fower northren Serb-majority municipalities whaur it coud nae be cairied oot. | footnote_c = Adoptit unilaterally; Kosovo is nae a formal member o the [[eurozone]]. | footnote_d = Assigned 15 December 2016 tae Kosovo bi ITU.<ref>[https://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/ob-lists/icc/e164_763.pdf LIST OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATION E.164 ASSIGNED COUNTRY CODES]</ref> [[+381]] wis previously uised for fixed lines. Kosovo-licensed mobile-phone providers uised [[Telephone nummers in Monaco|+377]] (Monaco) or [[Telephone nummers in Slovenie|+386]] (Slovenie) insteid. | footnote_e = XK is a "uiser assigned" ISO 3166 code nae designatit bi the staundart, but uised bi the [[European Commission]], [[Swisserland]], the [[Deutsche Bundesbank]] an ither organisations. }} [[File:Districts of Kosovo.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] [[File:Panorama of Kacanik, Kosovo.jpg|thumb|Panorama of Kacanik]] [[File:Kulla e Brahim Hoxhës, Junik.jpg|thumb|Junik]] [[File:Church of the Holy Saviour - Prizren.jpg|thumb|Old Church of the Holy Saviour in Prizren]] [[File:070706 Ulpiana 01.jpg|thumb|Ruins o Roman city in Ulpiana]] '''Kosovo''' is a Balkan kintra in sooth-wastren Europe. It haes a laund mairch wi [[Montenegro]] tae the nor'wast, [[Serbie]] in the nor'east, the [[Republic o Macedonie]] in the south an wi [[Albanie]] in the sooth east. == Recognition == Serbie hinna recognised Kosovo as a kintra, gied Kosovo declared unthirldom frae Serbie. A list o aw the kintras whit hae recognised the kintra is here ablo: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! # !! Kintra<ref name="recognition">{{dead link|date=August 2019}}[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,259 Countries that have recognized the Republic of Kosova], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo</ref> !! Date o [[diplomatic recognition|recognition]] !! Reference |- | 1 || {{CRI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|17}} || <ref>[http://www.rree.go.cr/file.php?id_file=310 Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto Memoria Institucional 2007–2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092418/http://www.rree.go.cr/file.php?id_file=310 |date=24 September 2015 }} (in Spanish) p.93</ref> |- | 2 || {{AFG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://kosova.org/post/The-Statement-of-Afghanistan-on-the-Recognition-of-Independence-of-Kosovo The Statement of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the Recognition of Independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Afghanistan, 2008-02-18, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714094856/http://kosova.org/post/The-Statement-of-Afghanistan-on-the-Recognition-of-Independence-of-Kosovo archived from the original on 14 July 2014]</ref> |- | 3 || {{ALB}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.km.gov.al/?fq=brenda&m=news&lid=7323&gj=gj2 Statement of Prime Minister of Albania Mr. Sali Berisha on Recognition of Independence of Kosova], Republic of Albania Council of Ministers, 2008-02-18 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425231648/http://www.km.gov.al/?fq=brenda&m=news&lid=7323&gj=gj2 |date=25 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425224959/http://www.km.gov.al/?fq=brenda&m=news&lid=7323 According to the official text of recognition] and the [https://books.google.com/books?id=-OhPTJn8ZWoC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=Declaration+of+Assembly+of+Albania,+on+October+21,+1991&source=bl&ots=75u564MqRc&sig=Sc0Gdrmr4da8dLn-e6_5wBCLyeg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BF17T6mJL-334QSt7tCHBA&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Declaration%20of%20Assembly%20of%20Albania%2C%20on%20October%2021%2C%201991&f=false law of 1991] of the [[People's Assembly of Albania]] the Republic of Albania recognised the Republic of Kosovo, based on the law of 1991, which recognised the [[Republic of Kosova]] on {{dts|format=dmy|1991|10|21}}. On 18 February 2008, Albania decided to take full diplomatic relations and accredit an ambassador to Pristina.</ref> |- | 4 || {{FRA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/kosovo_6154/index.html Kosovo declares independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France, 2008-02-18 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217164449/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/kosovo_6154/index.html |date=17 December 2014 }}</ref> |- | 5 || {{SEN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.aps.sn/articles.php?id_article=40531 Senegal – Kosovo, Dakar reconnaît le nouvel Etat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217162049/http://www.aps.sn/articles.php?id_article=40531 |date=17 December 2014 }}, Agence de Presse Sénégalaise 2008-02-18 (in French)</ref><ref>[http://www.haaba.com/news/2008/02/19/7-93587/senegal-recognises-kosovos-independence-ministry Senegal recognises Kosovo's independence: ministry], haaba.com, 2008-02-19 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217183113/http://www.haaba.com/news/2008/02/19/7-93587/senegal-recognises-kosovos-independence-ministry |date=17 February 2012 }}</ref> |- | 6 || {{TUR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.tr/statement-of-h_e_-mr_-ali-babacan_-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic--of-turkey_-regarding-the-recognition-of-kosovo.en.mfa Statement of H.E. Mr. Ali Babacan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, Regarding the Recognition of Kosovo by Turkey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204105043/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/statement-of-h_e_-mr_-ali-babacan_-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic--of-turkey_-regarding-the-recognition-of-kosovo.en.mfa |date=4 December 2008 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, 2008-02-18</ref> |- | 7 || {{GBR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/02/18/uk-kosovo-serbia-britain-idUKL1824693920080218 UK recognises Kosovo independence], Reuters. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031170056/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/02/18/uk-kosovo-serbia-britain-idUKL1824693920080218 |date=31 October 2014 }}</ref> |- | 8 || {{USA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/02/100973.htm U.S. Recognizes Kosovo as Independent State], U.S. Department of State, 2008-02-18</ref> |- | 9 || {{AUS}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|19}} || <ref>[https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2008-02-18%2F0034;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2008-02-18%2F0080%22 QUESTIONS WITHOUT NOTICE Kosovo], Parliament of Australia, 2008-02-18</ref> |- | 10 || {{LVA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|20}} || <ref>[http://www.am.gov.lv/en/security/news/4457/?pg=10306 Announcement by Minister of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Latvia on recognition of Kosovo's independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217170534/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/security/news/4457/?pg=10306 |date=2014-12-17 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, 2011-02-20</ref> |- | 11 || {{GER}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|20}} || <ref>[http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Archiv16/Artikel/2008/02/2008-02-20-deutschland-erkennt-kosovo-an__en.html Germany recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019052233/http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Archiv16/Artikel/2008/02/2008-02-20-deutschland-erkennt-kosovo-an__en.html |date=19 October 2011 }}, German Federal Government, 2008-02-20</ref> |- | 12 || {{EST}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.vm.ee/en/node/682 Estonia recognises Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604164525/http://www.vm.ee/en/node/682 |date=4 June 2011 }}, Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008-02-21</ref> |- | 13 || {{ITA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.governo.it/Governo/ConsiglioMinistri/dettaglio.asp?d=38401 Consiglio dei Ministri n. 93 del 21 febbraio 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402053007/http://www.governo.it/Governo/ConsiglioMinistri/dettaglio.asp?d=38401 |date=2 April 2008 }}, Italian Council of Ministers, 2008-02-21 (in Italian)</ref> |- | 14 || {{DEN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.ambbeirut.um.dk/en/menu/aboutus/news/denmarkrecognizeskosovoasanindependentstate.htm Denmark recognizes Kosovo as an independent state] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132945/http://www.ambbeirut.um.dk/en/menu/aboutus/news/denmarkrecognizeskosovoasanindependentstate.htm |date=19 July 2011 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, 2008-05-12</ref> |- | 15 || {{LUX}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2008/02-fevrier/20-asselborn-kosovo/index.html Le Luxembourg reconnaît formellement le Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226145534/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2008/02-fevrier/20-asselborn-kosovo/index.html |date=26 February 2008 }}, Le Gouvernement du Grande-Duché de Luxembourg, 2008-02-21 (in French)</ref> |- | 16 || {{PER}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|22}} || <ref>[http://www.rree.gob.pe/portal/boletinInf.nsf/mrealdia/C9B70437F80DBAF7052573F700710D15?OpenDocument Perú decide reconocer independencia de Kósovoe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226065905/http://www.rree.gob.pe/portal/boletinInf.nsf/mrealdia/C9B70437F80DBAF7052573F700710D15?OpenDocument |date=26 February 2008 }}, Peruvian Ministry of External Relations, 2008-02-22 (in Spanish)</ref> |- | 17 || {{BEL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|24}} || <ref>[http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/Belgium_RoyalDecree.pdf Koninklijk besluit betreffende de erkenning van de Republiek Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816102709/http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/Belgium_RoyalDecree.pdf |date=2018-08-16 }}, Kosovo Thanks You, 2008-02-18 (in Dutch and French)</ref> |- | 18 || {{POL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|26}} || <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240610160121/https://archive.ph/20120805145303/http://www.premier.gov.pl/en/press_centre/news/government_has_recognised_the_,2220/ Government has recognised the independence of Kosovo], The Chancellery of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, 2008-02-26</ref> |- | 19 || {{SUI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|27}} || <ref>[http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/eur/vkos/bilkos.html Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Kosovo], Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of the Swiss Confederation, 2008-02-27</ref> |- | 20 ||{{AUT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|28}} || <ref>[http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/news/press-releases/2008/plassnik-letter-on-kosovos-recognition-signed.html Plassnik: "Letter on Kosovo's recognition signed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109032659/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/news/press-releases/2008/plassnik-letter-on-kosovos-recognition-signed.html |date=2012-11-09 }}, Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs of the Republic of Austria, 2008-02-28</ref> |- | 21 ||{{IRL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|29}} || <ref>[http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/home/index.aspx?id=42938 Minister for Foreign Affairs Dermot Ahern TD Announces Ireland's recognition of the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305011519/http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/home/index.aspx?id=42938 |date=5 March 2008 }}, Department of Foreign Affairs, 2008-02-29</ref> |- | 22 ||{{SWE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|4}} || <ref>[http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/10358/a/99714 Sweden recognises the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305191825/http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/10358/a/99714 |date=5 March 2008 }}, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 2008-03-04</ref> |- | 23 ||{{NLD}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|4}} || <ref>[http://www.government.nl/news/2008/03/04/the-netherlands-recognises-kosovo.html The Netherlands recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621042809/https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2008/03/04/the-netherlands-recognises-kosovo |date=21 June 2018}}, Government of the Netherlands, 2008-03-04</ref> |- | 24 ||{{ISL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|5}} || <ref>[http://eng.utanrikisraduneyti.is/speeches-and-articles/nr/4135 The Government of Iceland formally recognizes Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308125219/http://eng.utanrikisraduneyti.is/speeches-and-articles/nr/4135 |date=2012-03-08 }}, Iceland Foreign Ministry, 2008-03-05</ref> |- | 25 ||{{SVN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|5}} || <ref>[http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1264437 Slovenia Recognizes Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216171112/http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1264437 |date=2009-02-16 }}, Slovenian Press Agency, 5 March 2008</ref> |- | 26 || {{FIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|7}} || <ref>[http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=123797&nodeid=15145&contentlan=2&culture=en-US Finland recognised the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, 2008-03-07</ref> |- | 27 || {{JPN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|18}} || <ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2008/3/0318.html Statement by Foreign Minister Masahiko Koumura on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2008-03-18</ref> |- | 28 || {{CAN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|18}} || <ref>[http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/croatia-croatie/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/canada_kosovo.aspx?lang=eng Canada-Kosovo Relations], Government of Canada, 2010-07-12</ref> |- | 29 || {{MCO}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|19}} || <ref>[http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=1,6,972 Principata e Monakos njohu Republikën e Kosovës], President of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008-03-19 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 30 || {{HUN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|19}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/actualities/spokesman_statements/Kosovo_recognition_080319.htm Hungary recognizes Kosovo's Independence] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323041624/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/actualities/spokesman_statements/Kosovo_recognition_080319.htm |date=23 March 2008 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary, 2008-03-19</ref> |- | 31 || {{CRO}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|19}} || <ref>[http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2008/ozujak/hrvatska_priznala_kosovo Croatia recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324111856/http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2008/ozujak/hrvatska_priznala_kosovo |date=24 March 2008 }}, Government of the Republic of Croatia, 2008-03-19</ref> |- | 32 || {{BGR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|20}} || <ref>[http://old.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0137&n=575 Sergei Stanishev: Bulgarian Government's decision to recognize the independence of Kosovo is fully complied with the country's national interests and our commitment to the future of the region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126065938/http://old.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001 |date=2019-11-26 }}, Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2008-03-20</ref> |- | 33 || {{LIE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|25}} || <ref>[http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-pia-pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen-alt.htm?pmid=108807&lpid=3789&imainpos=15844 Liechtenstein anerkennt den Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403062343/http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-pia-pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen-alt.htm?pmid=108807&lpid=3789&imainpos=15844 |date=3 April 2008 }}, Liechtenstein government, 2008-03-28 (in German)</ref> |- | 34 || {{ROK}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|28}} || <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080409223926/http://www.mofat.go.kr/webmodule/htsboard/template/read/engboardread.jsp?typeID=12&boardid=302&seqno=306110&c=TITLE&t=&pagenum=1&tableName=TYPE_ENGLISH&pc=undefined&dc=&wc=&lu=&vu=&iu=&du= Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Republic of Korea, 2008-03-28</ref> |- | 35 || {{NOR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|28}} || <ref>[http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/ud/press/News/2008/norway_kosovo.html?id=505130 Norway recognises Kosovo as an independent state], Norway – Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008-03-28</ref> |- | 36 || {{MHL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|04|17}} || <ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080417889/Politics/breaking-news-republic-of-the-marshall-islands-has-recognized-kosovo.html Republic of the Marshall Islands has recognized Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022131450/http://newkosovareport.com/20080417889/Politics/breaking-news-republic-of-the-marshall-islands-has-recognized-kosovo.html |date=22 October 2013 }}, New Kosova Report, 2008-04-17</ref> |- | 37 || {{BFA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|04|23}} || <ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080424902/Politics/Burkina-Faso-recognizes-Kosovo.html Burkina Faso recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428231354/http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080424902/Politics/Burkina-Faso-recognizes-Kosovo.html |date=28 April 2008 }}, New Kosova Report, 2008-04-24</ref><ref name="Burkina, Nauru">{{cite web | url=https://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2008&mm=04&dd=24&nav_id=49716 | title=Burkina Faso, Nauru recognize Kosovo | publisher=B92 | date=24 April 2008 | access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 38 || {{LTU}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|6}} || <ref>[http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=319343 Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania Resolution on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo], Chancellery of the Parliament of Lithuania, 2008-05-06</ref> |- | 39 || {{SMR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|12}} || <ref>[https://archive.today/20120906042055/http://www.interni.segreteria.sm/on-line/Home/DelibereC.d.S..html?P0_path=/home/tomcat/indicizzazione/indexdelibere&P0_paginazione=10&P0_pagina=1&P0_oggetto=Kosovo&P0_numero=&P0_data_gg=&P0_data_mm=&P0_data_aa=&annoiniziale=&annofinale=&P0_document=&P0_data_ordered=&P0_maxresults=2000&P0_orderBy=data_ordered,numero&P0_order=desc,asc&P0_operatorMustBe=only&indicericerca=-1&x=0&y=0 Delibera n. 8 del 12/05/2008 – Riconoscimento della Repubblica del Kosovo da parte della Re-pubblica di San Marino], Secretary of State for Internal Affairs of the Republic of San Marino</ref> |- | 40 || {{CZE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|21}} || <ref>[http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/mzv/default.asp?id=58430&ido=6569&idj=2&amb=1 The Czech Republic has recognized independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 2008-05-21 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015212559/http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/mzv/default.asp?id=58430&ido=6569&idj=2&amb=1 |date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> |- | 41 || {{LBR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|30}}{{refn|group="fn"|In Juin 2018, follaein a meetin atween Liberian Foreign Minister [[Gbehzohngar Milton Findley]] and Serbian Foreign Minister [[Ivica Dacic]], a note frae the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia wis published whit sayed in part that it "annuls its letter o recognition o Kosovo."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2018&mm=06&dd=20&nav_id=104444|title=Liberia annuls letter of recognition of Kosovo|date=2018-06-20|access-date=2018-06-25|publisher=[[B92]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/crno-na-belo-o-kosovu-dacic-je-ovim-dokumentima-zapusio-usta-pristinskim-politicarima/gl8x2xlCRNO|title=NA BELO O KOSOVU Dačić je ovim dokumentima zapušio usta prištinskim političarima|date=2018-07-04|access-date=2018-07-14|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517203849/https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/crno-na-belo-o-kosovu-dacic-je-ovim-dokumentima-zapusio-usta-pristinskim-politicarima/gl8x2xlCRNO|url-status=dead}}</ref> A feu days later, Liberie's MFA sayed on its wabsteid that it wished "to refute reports in som internaitional an social media o its removal o diplomatic relations wi the Republic o Kosovo."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=3108&related=7&pg=sp|title=Liberia Reaffirms Bilateral Ties with Kosovo|access-date=2018-06-25|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia|archive-date=2020-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514145103/http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=3108&related=7&pg=sp|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} || <ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080530967/Politics/liberia-recognizes-kosovo.html Liberia Recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714172733/http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080530967/Politics/liberia-recognizes-kosovo.html |date=14 July 2011 }}, Liberian Daily Observer, 2011-02-20</ref> |- | 42 || {{COL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|08|4}} || <ref>[http://mre.cancilleria.gov.co/wps/portal/espanol/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_jQsKAwo2AXYwN3n2BnA08z82BHf2dfQwMDA_2CbEdFAJSyt1c!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/WCM_MENUPRINCIPAL_MRE/menu+principal/relaciones+internacionales/bilaterales/europa/kosovo Colombia reconoció formalmente la República de Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223095152/http://mre.cancilleria.gov.co/wps/portal/espanol/%21ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_jQsKAwo2AXYwN3n2BnA08z82BHf2dfQwMDA_2CbEdFAJSyt1c%21/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FWCM_MENUPRINCIPAL_MRE%2Fmenu+principal%2Frelaciones+internacionales%2Fbilaterales%2Feuropa%2Fkosovo |date=23 February 2013 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Colombia, 2008-08-04 (in Spanish)</ref> |- | 43 || {{BLZ}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|08|7}} || <ref>[http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=1,6,884 Belize njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës], President of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008-08-07 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 44 || {{MLT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|08|22}} || <ref>[http://www.foreign.gov.mt/default.aspx?MDIS=21&NWID=68 Malta Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627211252/http://www.foreign.gov.mt/default.aspx?MDIS=21&NWID=68 |date=2009-06-27 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malta, 2008-08-22</ref> |- | 45 || {{WSM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|09|15}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,54 Samoa njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo, 2008-09-15 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/200809151219/Politics/samoa-recognizes-independent-kosovo.html Samoa recognizes independent Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017142205/http://www.newkosovareport.com/200809151219/Politics/samoa-recognizes-independent-kosovo.html |date=17 October 2011 }}, New Kosova Report, 2008-09-15</ref> |- | 46 || {{POR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|7}} || <ref>[http://kosova.org/docs/independence/Portugal.pdf Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros: Comunicado de Imprensa – Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721223059/http://kosova.org/docs/independence/Portugal.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}, 2008-10-07 (in Portuguese)</ref> |- | 47 || {{MNE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|9}} || <ref>[http://www.gov.me/en/search/33098/164405.html Joint Statement of the Government of Montenegro and the Government of the Republic of Macedonia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180920/http://www.gov.me/en/search/33098/164405.html |date=2018-06-20 }}, Government of Montenegro, 2008-10-09</ref> |- | 48 || {{North Macedonia}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|9}} || <ref>[http://www.mia.com.mk/default.aspx?vId=57722300&lId=2 Macedonia recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015121606/http://www.mia.com.mk/default.aspx?vId=57722300&lId=2 |date=15 October 2008 }}, Macedonian Information Agency, 2008-10-09</ref> |- | 49 || {{ARE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|14}} || <ref>[http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1223546208865&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews UAE recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017065840/http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1223546208865&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews |date=17 October 2008 }}, Emirates News Agency, 2008-10-14</ref> |- | 50 || {{MYS}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|30}} || <ref>[http://www.kln.gov.my/?m_id=26&vid=797 Press Statement by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia on the recognition of Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia, 2008-11-01 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917092630/http://www.kln.gov.my/?m_id=26&vid=797 |date=17 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/MalaysiaRecognizesTheIndependenceOfKosovo.jpg Verbal Note] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928082041/http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/MalaysiaRecognizesTheIndependenceOfKosovo.jpg |date=2013-09-28 }}, Kosovo Thanks You</ref> |- | 51 || {{flag|Micronesia}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|12|5}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,117 Micronesia recognizes independence of Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008-12-05</ref><ref>[http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr120508.htm FSM Recognizes Kosovo Act of Self-Determination] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330162928/http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr120508.htm |date=30 March 2017 }}, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, 2008-12-05</ref> |- | 52 || {{PAN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|01|16}} || <ref>[http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/noticia.php?cod=10471 Comunicado de prensa sobre reconocimiento de la República de Kosovo], Presidencia de la República de Panamá, 2009-01-16 (in Spanish) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926181330/http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/noticia.php?cod=10471 |date=26 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/index.php?page=2,4,124 Panama recognized independent state of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16</ref> |- | 53 || {{MDV}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|02|19}} || <ref>[http://www.foreign.gov.mv/v3/?p=news&view=sep&nid=3042 Maldives extends full diplomatic recognition to the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722222923/http://www.foreign.gov.mv/v3/?p=news&view=sep&nid=3042 |date=22 July 2011 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Maldives, 2009-02-19</ref> |- | 54 || {{GMB}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|04|7}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,168 Gambia recognizes Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-04-07</ref> |- | 55 || {{SAU}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|04|20}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,171 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-04-20</ref> |- | 56 || {{COM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|05|14}} || <ref>[https://telegrafi.com/pacolli-thote-se-comors-nuk-e-ka-terhequr-njohjen-per-kosoven/</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,175 Union of the Comoros recognizes the Republic of Kosovo, as an independent and sovereign state], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-05-19</ref> |- | 57 || {{BHR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|05|19}} || <ref>[http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/433388 Bahrain recognizes Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907125751/http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/433388 |date=2012-09-07 }}, Bahrain News Agency, 2009-05-19</ref> |- | 58 || {{JOR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|7|7}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,12 Jordan recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-07-08</ref> |- | 59 || {{DOM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|7|10}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,11 Dominican Republic recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-07-11</ref><ref>[http://kosovothanksyou.com/files/DominicanRepublicRecognition.pdf Comunicado] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323151335/http://kosovothanksyou.com/files/DominicanRepublicRecognition.pdf |date=23 March 2012 }}, Kosovo Thanks You (in Spanish)</ref> |- | 60 || {{NZL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|11|9}} || <ref name="newzealand">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,324 New Zealand recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-11-09</ref> |- | 61 || {{MWI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|12|14}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,404 Republic of Malawi recognizes Kosovo as independent and sovereign state], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-12-16</ref> |- | 62 || {{MRT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|01|12}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,419 The Islamic Republic of Mauritania recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-01-14</ref> |- | 63 || {{SWZ}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|04|12}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,481 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo by the Kingdom of Swaziland], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-04-12</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/repository/docs/nota_verbale.pdf Verbal Note], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo</ref> |- | 64 || {{VUT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|04|28}} || <ref>[http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/VanuatuRecognition.jpg Official recognition letter by Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of the Republic of Vanuatu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217130137/http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/VanuatuRecognition.jpg |date=2019-12-17 }}, Kosovo Thanks You, 2010-04-28</ref> |- | 65 || {{DJI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|05|08}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,513 Recognition is confirmed by Djibouti], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-05-12</ref> |- | 66 || {{SOM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|05|19}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,525 Somalia recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-05-21</ref> |- | 67 || {{HND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|09|03}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,574 Honduras recognises the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-09-03</ref> |- | 68 || {{KIR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|10|21}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,599 Kiribati recognises the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-10-25</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akr-ks.eu/news/image/62/kiribati.jpg|title=Verbal Note |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313164623/http://www.akr-ks.eu/news/image/62/kiribati.jpg |archive-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=[[New Kosovo Alliance]]}}</ref> |- | 69 || {{TUV}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|11|18}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,607 Tuvalu recognises Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-11-19</ref> |- | 70 || {{QAT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|01|07}} || <ref name="Qatar">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,620 Qatar recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-01-07</ref> |- | 71 || {{GNB}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|01|10}}{{refn|group="fn"|In a letter on 21 November 2017, the Ministry o Foreign Affairs o Guinea-Bissau tellt Kosovo that it haed gotten rid o its recognition o Kosovo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/18955-2017-11-21-16-58-00?lang=cyr|title=The Government of the Republic of Guinea Bissau has withdrawn the decision on recognition of Kosovo|date=2017-07-21|access-date=2017-07-21|publisher=Government of Serbia|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212220524/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/18955-2017-11-21-16-58-00?lang=cyr|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gvineja Bisao povukla odluku o priznanju Kosova iz 2011|url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2017&mm=11&dd=21&nav_category=640&nav_id=1327890|access-date=21 November 2017|work=b92.net|agency=[[Tanjug]]|date=21 November 2017|language=sr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prime Minister of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau denies that the country has recognized Kosovo|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/press-service/statements/17186-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-guinea-bissau-denies-that-the-country-has-recognized-kosovo|access-date=21 November 2017|work=mfa.gov.rs|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia|date=17 November 2017|archive-date=2019-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730132422/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/press-service/statements/17186-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-guinea-bissau-denies-that-the-country-has-recognized-kosovo|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 2 Februar 2018, Kosovo's MFA sayed that it haed gat a new note verbale frae Guinea-Bissau sayin that the aulder note gittin rid o recognition hinna haed an effect.<ref name=GBRest>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1%2C217%2C4725#.WnRkXI7JC3U.twitter Ministria e Jashtme pranon Notën Verbale të ri-konfirmimit zyrtar të njohjes së Republikës së Kosovës nga shteti Guinea-Bissau], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2018-02-02</ref><ref name=GBRest2>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/pacollibehgjet/status/959439612526575616/photo/1|title=The Embassy of Guinea-Bissau in Brussels transmitted to @MFAKOSOVO the Note Verbale re-confirming that #GuineaBissau's recognition of #Kosovo's independence in 2011 is sustainable. #Kosovo's recognition is global & unstoppable. This is the flow of history!pic.twitter.com/IctZNtRlLO|first=Behgjet|last=Pacolli&nbsp;🇽🇰}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2018}}</ref>}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,623 The Republic of Guinea-Bissau Recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-01-10</ref><ref>[http://www.lajmeshqip.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/njohja-Guinea-Bissau.jpg Verbal Note], Lajme Shqip, 2011-09-08 (in French)</ref> |- | 72 || {{AND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|06|08}} || <ref name="Andorra">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,795 The Principality of Andorra recognizes Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-06-08</ref> |- | 73 || {{GIN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|12}}||<ref name="Niger & Guinea">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,896 The Republic of Niger and the Republic of Guinea Conakry recognize Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-16</ref><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Guina_Conakry.jpg Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002730/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Guina_Conakry.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-12 (in French)</ref> |- | 74 || {{NER}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|15}}||<ref name="Niger & Guinea" /><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Nigeri.jpg Verbal Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002954/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Nigeri.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-15 (in French)</ref> |- | 75 || {{BEN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|18}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,900 The Republic of Benin is the 80th state to recognize Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-18</ref> |- | 76 || {{LCA}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|19}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,906 Santa Lucia is the 81st UN member state to recognize the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-22</ref> |- | 77 || {{GAB}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|09|15}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,984 Kosovo's recognition confirmed by the Republic of Gabon], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo, 2011-10-13</ref><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/09.09.2011_nota_verbale_Gaboni.jpg Verbal Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002650/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/09.09.2011_nota_verbale_Gaboni.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 2011-09-15 (in French)</ref> |- | 78 || {{CIV}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|09|16}}||<ref>[http://www.top-channel.tv/english/artikull.php?id=2797 Ivory Coast recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301123720/http://www.top-channel.tv/english/artikull.php?id=2797 |date=1 March 2012 }}, Top Channel, 2011-09-21</ref><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/20.09.2011_nota_verbale_Bregu_i_Fildishte_.jpg Déclaration par la Côte d'Ivoire de la reconnaissance de l'État du Kossovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002523/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/20.09.2011_nota_verbale_Bregu_i_Fildishte_.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères de la Républic du Côte d'Ivoire, released First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo (in French)</ref> |- | 79 || {{KWT}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|10|11}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,981 Kuwait formally recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-10-11</ref> |- | 80 || {{HTI}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|02|10}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1111 Haiti's recognition of Kosovo confirmed during Minister Hoxhaj's visit to this state], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-02-10</ref> |- | 81 || {{BRN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|04|25}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1214 Brunei Darussalam recognizes Kosovo independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-04-25</ref> |- | 82 || {{TCD}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|06|01}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1282 Chad recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-06-01</ref> |- | 83 || {{TLS}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|09|20}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1479 Timori Lindor njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-09 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>[http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8067/8171165751_9692eae762_b.jpg Note verbale], Timor-Leste Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2012-09-20</ref> |- | 84 || {{FIJ}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|11|19}}||<ref>[http://kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,3213 Prime Minister Thaçi: Kosovo's membership in EBRD testified that the process of the recognition of the Kosovo as a democratic and sovereign country has taken an irreversible up-turn and is recognized as an historical fact], Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-19</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1504 Fiji's verbal note recognizing Kosovo arrives], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-22</ref> |- | 85 || {{KNA}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|11|28}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1517 Saint Kitts dhe Nevis njeh zyrtarisht pavarësinë e Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-28 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreign.govt.kn/ambassador-of-kosovo-pays-courtesy-call-on-the-honourable-mark-brantley-2/|title=Ambassador of Kosovo pays courtesy call on the Honourable Mark Brantley (STK Ministry of Foreign Affairs)|access-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909230511/http://www.foreign.govt.kn/ambassador-of-kosovo-pays-courtesy-call-on-the-honourable-mark-brantley-2/|archive-date=9 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 86 ||{{PAK}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|12|24}}||<ref>[http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=1429&type=1 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102231400/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=1429&type=1 |date=2 January 2013 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 2012-24-12</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1550 Arrin nota verbale e njohjes së Kosovës nga Pakistani], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-12-28 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 87 || {{GUY}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|03|16}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1626 Guajana njeh shtetin e pavarur dhe sovran të Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013-03-16 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/sc11107.doc.htm| title=Security Council Welcomes Progress in Implementing Peace Accord as Members Urge Leaders of Serbia, Kosovo to 'Stay the Course'| publisher=[[UN]]|date=2013-08-29|quote=In June, Egypt, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen, Guyana and El Salvador had recognized its independence, joining more than 100 Member States that had done the same.}}</ref> |- | 88 || {{TAN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|05|29}}||<ref>[http://www.telegrafi.com/fo/2010/njohja-verbale-foto.jpg CKA 699/755/01] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416054341/http://www.telegrafi.com/fo/2010/njohja-verbale-foto.jpg |date=2016-04-16 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania, 2013-06-05</ref> |- | 89 || {{YEM}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|06|11}}||<ref>[http://www.sabanews.net/en/news313610.htm Yemen recognizes Kosovo], Saba Net, 2013-06-11</ref><ref>[http://sphotos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/q71/s720x720/1016336_374748159293609_1053382903_n.jpg Verbal Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213170600/http://sphotos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/q71/s720x720/1016336_374748159293609_1053382903_n.jpg |date=13 December 2013 }}, The official Facebook page of Enver Hoxhaj</ref> |- | 90 || {{EGY}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|06|26}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Arabic/Ministry/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?Source=1d5b0202-c337-4794-ab10-342893d069e1&newsID=17393f2d-a0db-471c-bd41-1c1d169b79c2 قرار حكومة جمهورية مصر العربية الاعتراف بجمهورية كوسوفو كدولة مستقلة وذات سيادة] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630231622/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Arabic/Ministry/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?Source=1d5b0202-c337-4794-ab10-342893d069e1&newsID=17393f2d-a0db-471c-bd41-1c1d169b79c2 |date=30 June 2013 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt, 2013-06-26 (in Arabic)</ref> |- | 91 || {{SLV}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|06|29}}||<ref>[http://www.telegrafi.com/lajme/el-salvador-njeh-kosoven-2-33589.html El Salvador njeh Kosovën] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123055037/http://www.telegrafi.com/lajme/el-salvador-njeh-kosoven-2-33589.html |date=2016-01-23 }}, Telegrafi, 2013-06-29</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/repository/docs/17_07_13_121825_20130712-15-KND-MPJ-WEB-01.pdf June, month of record recognitions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205021506/http://www.mfa-ks.net/repository/docs/17_07_13_121825_20130712-15-KND-MPJ-WEB-01.pdf |date=5 February 2017 }}, Kosovo's New Diplomat, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Kosovo, June/August 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1906 Arrin nota verbale nga El Salvadori], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013-10-04 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 92 || {{THA}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|24}}||<ref>[http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,3792 Prime Minister Thaçi officially receives Thailand recognition of Kosovo in a meeting with Thailand Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Surapong Tovichakchaikul], Prime Minister of Kosovo, 2013-09-26</ref><ref>[http://www.ryt9.com/s/cabt/1742142 การรับรองโคโซโวโดยการสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับโคโซโว], ข่าวออนไลน์ RYT9, 2013-09-25 (in Thai)</ref> |- | 93 || {{LBY}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|25}}||<ref>[http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,3789 Today, in New York, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, Hashim Thaçi met the Prime Minister of Libya, Ali Zeidan in a private meeting], Prime Minister of Kosovo, 2013-09-25</ref><ref>[http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/09/26/libya-officially-recognises-kosovo/ Libya officially recognises Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820125627/https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/09/26/libya-officially-recognises-kosovo/ |date=2018-08-20 }}, Libya Herald, 2013-09-26</ref> |- | 94 || {{TON}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2014|01|15}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,2227 Arrin nota verbale e njohjes nga Mbretëria e Tongës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2014-01-20 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 95 || {{ATG}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|05|20}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,2633 Antigua and Barbuda recognizes the independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2015-05-20</ref> |- | 96 || {{SGP}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2016|12|01}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,217,3943 Singapore Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State and Diplomatic Relations are Established], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2016-12-01</ref><ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/press_room/pr/2016/201612/press_201612011.html The Government of the Republic of Singapore and the Government of the Republic of Kosovo have established diplomatic relations with effect from 1 December 2016.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181102/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/press_room/pr/2016/201612/press_201612011.html |date=20 June 2018 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore, 2016-12-01</ref> |- | 97 || {{BAN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|02|27}}||<ref>[http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/2017/02/27/bangladesh-officially-recognises-kosovo-independent-state/ Bangladesh Officially Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State], Dhaka Tribune, 2017-02-27</ref><ref>[http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,6604 Prime Minister Mustafa accepted verbal note of recognition of Kosovo by Bangladesh], Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2016-02-28</ref> |- | 98 || {{BRB}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2018|02|15}}||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rtklive.com/sq/news-single.php?ID=245243|title=Në prag të përvjetorit të Pavarësisë, Barbadosi njeh Kosovën|date=15 February 2018|access-date=6 March 2018|work=RTKLive|language=sq}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koha.net/arberi/75744/barbadosi-njeh-pavaresine-e-kosoves/|title=Barbadosi njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës|date=15 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=pacollibehgjet|number=964216679868850177|title=Very pleased to announce that #Barbados has recognized #Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state. Thanks to my colleague FM Maxine McClean for this decision taken on the eve of #Kosovo’s 10 anniversary of independence.There is no better way to celebrate #Kosova10!|date=16 February 2018|first=Behgjet|last=Pacolli}}</ref> |- | 99 || {{ISR}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2020|09|04}}||<ref>Israeli envoy to Serbia: We recognised Kosovo on September 4; not an issue any. [http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a642039/Israeli-envoy-to-Serbia-We-recognised-Kosovo-on-September-4-it-s-not-issue-anymore.html 21.09.2020. N1 Belgrade.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009113422/http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a642039/Israeli-envoy-to-Serbia-We-recognised-Kosovo-on-September-4-it-s-not-issue-anymore.html |date=2020-10-09 }}</ref><ref name="TheTimesofIsrael_KosovoSerbia" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=2020-09-04|title=Serbia, Kosovo to Open Israel Embassies in Jerusalem|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/09/04/world/middleeast/04reuters-serbia-kosovo-usa-jerusalem.html|access-date=2020-09-04|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907060846/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/09/04/world/middleeast/04reuters-serbia-kosovo-usa-jerusalem.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ;Notes {{reflist|group=fn}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Kosovo| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Europe]] [[Category:States an territories established in 2008]] [[Category:Unrecognized or lairgely unrecognized states]] ggzvnvrbvdyxuef138bu9mfl4czfer2 Michael Jackson 0 9056 920387 915796 2026-08-02T20:03:11Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox bodie | image = | caption = Jackson performin in 1993 | birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson | alias = Michael Joe Jackson<!-- Legal aliases only. This is not a field for nicknames.--> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|8|29}} | birth_place = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] induced bi [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication | resting_place = [[Glendale, Californie|Glendale]], Californie, U.S. | occupation = <!--Please do not add any more occupations to the list, it is long enough already-->{{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|dancer|actor|record producer|businessman|philanthropist}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]<br/>|1994|1996|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Debbie Rowe]]<br/>|1996|1999|end=divorced}} | children = 3 | parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Jackson (manager)|Joe Jackson]]|[[Katherine Jackson]]}} | relatives = See [[Jackson faimily]] | website = {{url|michaeljackson.com}} | signature = Michael_Jackson_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | instrument = <!--If you think an instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first-->Vocals | background = solo_singer | genre = <!--These music genres are all sourced under the section #Musical themes and genres-->{{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[rhythm an blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rock muisic|rock]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[new jack swing]]}} | years_active = 1964–2009 | label = {{hlist|[[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]]|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[MJJ Music|MJJ Productions]]}} | associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5]] }} }} '''Michael Joseph Jackson'''<ref>County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). [[:File:Michael Jackson death certificate.jpg|Michael Jackson death certificate]].</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first= Steve |last= Huey |title= Michael Jackson – Artist Biography |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= May 31, 2015}}</ref> (August 29, 1958 – Juin 25, 2009) wis an American sangster, sangwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, an philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news|first= Tina |last= Daunt |title= Michael Jackson's generous legacy |newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= July 8, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/08/entertainment/et-cause8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Michael Jackson honoured for humanitarian efforts in Austria |newspaper= [[The Economic Times]] |date= July 25, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/michael-jackson-honoured-for-humanitarian-efforts-in-austria/articleshow/4819579.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ice Pick Slim 17 |title= Remembering Michael Jackson: The Global Humanitarian |website= Hip-Hop Wired |date= June 25, 2011 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://hiphopwired.com/2011/06/25/remembering-michael-jackson-the-global-humanitarian/}}</ref> Cried the "King o Pop",<ref name="LJ3">Lewis Jones, 2005, p. 3 : "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)".</ref><ref name="Arar">{{cite news|first= Yardena |last= Arar |date= February 29, 1984 |title= Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll |newspaper= [[Boca Raton News]] |page= 7A}}</ref><ref name="SBee">{{cite news|title= Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson? |newspaper= [[Sacramento Bee]] |date= July 27, 1987 |page= B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King Of Pop |date= June 24, 2014 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |publisher= Grammy.com |url= http://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop}}</ref> his contreibutions tae muisic, dance, an fashion<ref>{{cite news|first= Kasmin |last= Fernandes |title= Why Michael Jackson was a style icon |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |date= June 25, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/style-guide/Why-Michael-Jackson-was-a-style-icon/articleshow/37175580.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|first= Don |last= Lemon |title= Michael Jackson's style influence lives on |agency= [[CNN]] |date= June 23, 2010 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/06/23/michael.jackson.fashion/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Jocelyn |last= Vena |title= Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove |date= June 26, 2009 |publisher= MTV |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |archive-date= 2019-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> alang wi his publicised personal life made him a global feegur in [[popular cultur]] for ower fower decades. The aicht bairn o the [[Jackson faimily]], Michael made his professional debut in 1964 wi his elder brithers [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], an [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]] as a member o the [[the Jackson 5|Jackson 5]]. He began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson acame a dominant feegur in popular muisic. His [[muisic video]]s, includin thae o "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", an "[[Thriller (sang)|Thriller]]" frae his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are creditit wi breakin racial barriers an transformin the medium intae an airt form an promotional tuil. The popularity o thir videos helped bring the telly channel [[MTV]] tae fame. Jackson's 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' spawned the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] nummer-ane singles "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson sang)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an "[[Dirty Diana]]", acomin the first album tae hae five nummer-ane singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. He continued tae innovate wi videos sic as "[[Black or White]]" an "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" throuoot the 1990s, an forged a reputation as a tourin solo airtist. Throu stage an video performances, Jackson popularised a nummer o complicatit dance techniques, sic as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] an the [[muinwalk (dance)|muinwalk]], tae which he gae the name. His distinctive soond an style haes influenced [[Leet o airtists influenced bi Michael Jackson|numerous airtists]] o various muisic genres. ''Thriller'' is the [[Leet o best-sellin albums|best-sellin album o aw time]], wi estimatit sales o 65 million copies warldwide. Jackson's ither albums, includin ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991), an ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995), an aa rank amang the warld's best-sellin albums. He is recognised as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="CityNews">{{cite news |title= Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time |url= http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |work= [[CityNews]] |date= November 15, 2006 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2016-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090029/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Ditzian">{{cite news |first= Eric |last= Ditzian |title= Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |publisher= MTV |date= June 26, 2009 |accessdate= March 2, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |archive-date= 2021-05-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230313/https://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jackson is ane o the few airtists tae hae been inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twace, an wis an aa inductit intae the Songwriters Hall of Fame an the Dance Hall of Fame as the anerly dancer frae pop an rock muisic. His [[Records an achievements o Michael Jackson|ither achievements]] include multiple ''Guinness World Records'', 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, the [[Grammy Leegend Awaird]], the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], 26 [[American Music Awards]]—mair nor ony ither airtist—includin the "Artist of the Century" an "Artist of the 1980s", 13 [[Leet o airtists bi nummer o Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles|nummer-ane singles in the Unitit States]] during his solo career—mair nor ony ither male airtist in the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] era—an estimatit sales o ower 350 million records warldwide.{{ref label|Note 1|Note 1}} Jackson wan [[Leet o awairds an nominations received bi Michael Jackson|hunders o awairds]], makin him the maist awairdit recordin airtist in the history o popular muisic.<ref>{{cite news|first= Monica |last= Lewis |date= June 14, 2007 |title= 20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2007/06/14/139458/20-people-who-changed-black-music.html |newspaper= [[The Miami Herald]] |accessdate= March 16, 2013}}</ref> He acame the first airtist in history tae hae a tap ten single in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in five different decades when "[[Love Never Felt So Good]]" reached nummer nine on Mey 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Gary |last= Trust |date= May 21, 2014 |title= Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1 |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6092276/michael-jackson-coldplay-hot-100-top-10-john-legend-no-1 |accessdate= May 23, 2014}}</ref> Jackson traveled the warld attendin events honourin his humanitarianism, an, in 2000, the ''Guinness World Records'' recognised him for supportin 39 charities, mair nor ony ither enterteener.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Maureen |last= Orth |date= April 2003 |title= Losing His Grip |magazine= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304 |archivedate= March 6, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306064036/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304}}</ref> Aspects o Jackson's personal life, includin his chyngin [[Michael Jackson's heal an appearance|appearance]], [[Personal relationships o Michael Jackson|personal relationships]], an behaviour, generatit controversy. In 1993, he wis [[1993 bairn sexual abuiss accusations against Michael Jackson|accused o bairn sexual abuiss]], but the ceevil case wis settled oot o coort for an undisclosed amoont an na formal chairges war brocht.<ref>{{cite press release|first= Josh |last= Mankiewicz|date= September 3, 2004 |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5906855/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/new-details-about-jackson-case/ |title= New details about 1993 Jackson case |agency= [[NBC News]]}}</ref> In 2005, he wis [[Trial o Michael Jackson|tried an acquittit]] o faur bairn sexual abuiss allegations an several ither chairges efter the juiry foond him nae guilty on aw coonts. While preparin for his comeback concert series, ''[[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]]'', Jackson [[Daith o Michael Jackson|dee'd]] o acute [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication on Juin 25, 2009, efter sufferin frae cardiac reest. The [[Los Angeles Coonty Depairtment o Medical Examiner-Coroner|Los Angeles Coonty Coroner]] ruled his daith a homicide, an his personal pheesician, [[California v. Murray|Conrad Murray, wis convicted]] o [[involuntary manslauchter]]. Jackson's daith triggered a global ootpourin o grief, an a live broadcast o his [[Michael Jackson memorial service|public memorial service]] wis viewed aroond the warld.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Hazarika's funeral creates world record |url= http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |agency= [[MSN News]] |date= November 15, 2011 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' ranks Jackson as the tap-earnin deid celebrity wi earnins o $825 million in 2016, the heichest yearly amoont ever recordit bi the publication.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite magazine|first= Zack O'Malley |last= Greenburg |authorlink= Zack O'Malley Greenburg |title= Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016 |magazine= Forbes |date= October 14, 2016 |accessdate= November 23, 2016 |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/10/14/michael-jacksons-earnings-825-million-in-2016/}}</ref> == Albums == * Got to Be There (1972) * Ben (1972) * Music & Me (1973) * Forever, Michael (1975) * Off the Wall (1979) * Thriller (1982) * Bad (1987) * Dangerous (1991) * HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) * Invincible (2001) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jackson]] [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:2009 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Californie]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American male dancers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American beatboxers]] [[Category:American dance muisickers]] [[Category:American disco muisickers]] [[Category:American expatriates in Ireland]] [[Category:American funk sangsters]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American male dancers]] [[Category:American male pop sangsters]] [[Category:American male sangsters]] [[Category:American manslauchter victims]] [[Category:American multi-instrumentalists]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American soul sangsters]] [[Category:American tenors]] [[Category:Boy sopranos]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Bairn pop muisickers]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Californie]] [[Category:Epic Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:History o Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:Jackson faimily (shaw business)]] [[Category:Motown airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Barbara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk wi lupus]] [[Category:Post-disco muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Indiana]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Jackson 5 members]] [[Category:Fowk wi Vitiligo]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Writers frae Gary, Indiana]] {{Stub/USMuisician}} dlk3a96hrgqbpa3j6e3n96xh35eoyj3 920388 920387 2026-08-02T20:04:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox bodie | caption = Jackson performin in 1993 | birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson | alias = Michael Joe Jackson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|8|29}} | birth_place = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] induced bi [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication | resting_place = [[Glendale, Californie|Glendale]], Californie, U.S. | occupation ={{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|dancer|actor|record producer|businessman|philanthropist}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]<br/>|1994|1996|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Debbie Rowe]]<br/>|1996|1999|end=divorced}} | children = 3 | parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Jackson (manager)|Joe Jackson]]|[[Katherine Jackson]]}} | relatives = See [[Jackson faimily]] | website = {{url|michaeljackson.com}} | signature = Michael_Jackson_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | instrument = Vocals | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[rhythm an blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rock muisic|rock]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[new jack swing]]}} | years_active = 1964–2009 | label = {{hlist|[[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]]|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[MJJ Music|MJJ Productions]]}} | associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5]] }} }} '''Michael Joseph Jackson'''<ref>County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). [[:File:Michael Jackson death certificate.jpg|Michael Jackson death certificate]].</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first= Steve |last= Huey |title= Michael Jackson – Artist Biography |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= May 31, 2015}}</ref> (August 29, 1958 – Juin 25, 2009) wis an American sangster, sangwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, an philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news|first= Tina |last= Daunt |title= Michael Jackson's generous legacy |newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= July 8, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/08/entertainment/et-cause8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Michael Jackson honoured for humanitarian efforts in Austria |newspaper= [[The Economic Times]] |date= July 25, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/michael-jackson-honoured-for-humanitarian-efforts-in-austria/articleshow/4819579.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ice Pick Slim 17 |title= Remembering Michael Jackson: The Global Humanitarian |website= Hip-Hop Wired |date= June 25, 2011 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://hiphopwired.com/2011/06/25/remembering-michael-jackson-the-global-humanitarian/}}</ref> Cried the "King o Pop",<ref name="LJ3">Lewis Jones, 2005, p. 3 : "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)".</ref><ref name="Arar">{{cite news|first= Yardena |last= Arar |date= February 29, 1984 |title= Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll |newspaper= [[Boca Raton News]] |page= 7A}}</ref><ref name="SBee">{{cite news|title= Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson? |newspaper= [[Sacramento Bee]] |date= July 27, 1987 |page= B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King Of Pop |date= June 24, 2014 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |publisher= Grammy.com |url= http://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop}}</ref> his contreibutions tae muisic, dance, an fashion<ref>{{cite news|first= Kasmin |last= Fernandes |title= Why Michael Jackson was a style icon |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |date= June 25, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/style-guide/Why-Michael-Jackson-was-a-style-icon/articleshow/37175580.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|first= Don |last= Lemon |title= Michael Jackson's style influence lives on |agency= [[CNN]] |date= June 23, 2010 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/06/23/michael.jackson.fashion/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Jocelyn |last= Vena |title= Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove |date= June 26, 2009 |publisher= MTV |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |archive-date= 2019-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> alang wi his publicised personal life made him a global feegur in [[popular cultur]] for ower fower decades. The aicht bairn o the [[Jackson faimily]], Michael made his professional debut in 1964 wi his elder brithers [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], an [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]] as a member o the [[the Jackson 5|Jackson 5]]. He began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson acame a dominant feegur in popular muisic. His [[muisic video]]s, includin thae o "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", an "[[Thriller (sang)|Thriller]]" frae his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are creditit wi breakin racial barriers an transformin the medium intae an airt form an promotional tuil. The popularity o thir videos helped bring the telly channel [[MTV]] tae fame. Jackson's 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' spawned the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] nummer-ane singles "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson sang)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an "[[Dirty Diana]]", acomin the first album tae hae five nummer-ane singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. He continued tae innovate wi videos sic as "[[Black or White]]" an "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" throuoot the 1990s, an forged a reputation as a tourin solo airtist. Throu stage an video performances, Jackson popularised a nummer o complicatit dance techniques, sic as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] an the [[muinwalk (dance)|muinwalk]], tae which he gae the name. His distinctive soond an style haes influenced [[Leet o airtists influenced bi Michael Jackson|numerous airtists]] o various muisic genres. ''Thriller'' is the [[Leet o best-sellin albums|best-sellin album o aw time]], wi estimatit sales o 65 million copies warldwide. Jackson's ither albums, includin ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991), an ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995), an aa rank amang the warld's best-sellin albums. He is recognised as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="CityNews">{{cite news |title= Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time |url= http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |work= [[CityNews]] |date= November 15, 2006 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2016-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090029/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Ditzian">{{cite news |first= Eric |last= Ditzian |title= Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |publisher= MTV |date= June 26, 2009 |accessdate= March 2, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |archive-date= 2021-05-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230313/https://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jackson is ane o the few airtists tae hae been inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twace, an wis an aa inductit intae the Songwriters Hall of Fame an the Dance Hall of Fame as the anerly dancer frae pop an rock muisic. His [[Records an achievements o Michael Jackson|ither achievements]] include multiple ''Guinness World Records'', 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, the [[Grammy Leegend Awaird]], the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], 26 [[American Music Awards]]—mair nor ony ither airtist—includin the "Artist of the Century" an "Artist of the 1980s", 13 [[Leet o airtists bi nummer o Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles|nummer-ane singles in the Unitit States]] during his solo career—mair nor ony ither male airtist in the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] era—an estimatit sales o ower 350 million records warldwide.{{ref label|Note 1|Note 1}} Jackson wan [[Leet o awairds an nominations received bi Michael Jackson|hunders o awairds]], makin him the maist awairdit recordin airtist in the history o popular muisic.<ref>{{cite news|first= Monica |last= Lewis |date= June 14, 2007 |title= 20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2007/06/14/139458/20-people-who-changed-black-music.html |newspaper= [[The Miami Herald]] |accessdate= March 16, 2013}}</ref> He acame the first airtist in history tae hae a tap ten single in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in five different decades when "[[Love Never Felt So Good]]" reached nummer nine on Mey 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Gary |last= Trust |date= May 21, 2014 |title= Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1 |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6092276/michael-jackson-coldplay-hot-100-top-10-john-legend-no-1 |accessdate= May 23, 2014}}</ref> Jackson traveled the warld attendin events honourin his humanitarianism, an, in 2000, the ''Guinness World Records'' recognised him for supportin 39 charities, mair nor ony ither enterteener.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Maureen |last= Orth |date= April 2003 |title= Losing His Grip |magazine= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304 |archivedate= March 6, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306064036/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304}}</ref> Aspects o Jackson's personal life, includin his chyngin [[Michael Jackson's heal an appearance|appearance]], [[Personal relationships o Michael Jackson|personal relationships]], an behaviour, generatit controversy. In 1993, he wis [[1993 bairn sexual abuiss accusations against Michael Jackson|accused o bairn sexual abuiss]], but the ceevil case wis settled oot o coort for an undisclosed amoont an na formal chairges war brocht.<ref>{{cite press release|first= Josh |last= Mankiewicz|date= September 3, 2004 |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5906855/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/new-details-about-jackson-case/ |title= New details about 1993 Jackson case |agency= [[NBC News]]}}</ref> In 2005, he wis [[Trial o Michael Jackson|tried an acquittit]] o faur bairn sexual abuiss allegations an several ither chairges efter the juiry foond him nae guilty on aw coonts. While preparin for his comeback concert series, ''[[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]]'', Jackson [[Daith o Michael Jackson|dee'd]] o acute [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication on Juin 25, 2009, efter sufferin frae cardiac reest. The [[Los Angeles Coonty Depairtment o Medical Examiner-Coroner|Los Angeles Coonty Coroner]] ruled his daith a homicide, an his personal pheesician, [[California v. Murray|Conrad Murray, wis convicted]] o [[involuntary manslauchter]]. Jackson's daith triggered a global ootpourin o grief, an a live broadcast o his [[Michael Jackson memorial service|public memorial service]] wis viewed aroond the warld.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Hazarika's funeral creates world record |url= http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |agency= [[MSN News]] |date= November 15, 2011 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' ranks Jackson as the tap-earnin deid celebrity wi earnins o $825 million in 2016, the heichest yearly amoont ever recordit bi the publication.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite magazine|first= Zack O'Malley |last= Greenburg |authorlink= Zack O'Malley Greenburg |title= Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016 |magazine= Forbes |date= October 14, 2016 |accessdate= November 23, 2016 |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/10/14/michael-jacksons-earnings-825-million-in-2016/}}</ref> == Albums == * Got to Be There (1972) * Ben (1972) * Music & Me (1973) * Forever, Michael (1975) * Off the Wall (1979) * Thriller (1982) * Bad (1987) * Dangerous (1991) * HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) * Invincible (2001) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jackson]] [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:2009 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Californie]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American male dancers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American beatboxers]] [[Category:American dance muisickers]] [[Category:American disco muisickers]] [[Category:American expatriates in Ireland]] [[Category:American funk sangsters]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American male dancers]] [[Category:American male pop sangsters]] [[Category:American male sangsters]] [[Category:American manslauchter victims]] [[Category:American multi-instrumentalists]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American soul sangsters]] [[Category:American tenors]] [[Category:Boy sopranos]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Bairn pop muisickers]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Californie]] [[Category:Epic Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:History o Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:Jackson faimily (shaw business)]] [[Category:Motown airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Barbara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk wi lupus]] [[Category:Post-disco muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Indiana]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Jackson 5 members]] [[Category:Fowk wi Vitiligo]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Writers frae Gary, Indiana]] {{Stub/USMuisician}} 3zj34a70hal3eu3teokr21gek7r3vrs 920389 920388 2026-08-02T20:06:08Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox bodie | caption = Jackson performin in 1993 | birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson | alias = Michael Joe Jackson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|8|29}} | birth_place = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] induced bi [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication | resting_place = [[Glendale, Californie|Glendale]], Californie, U.S. | occupation ={{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|dancer|actor|record producer|businessman|philanthropist}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]<br/>|1994|1996|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Debbie Rowe]]<br/>|1996|1999|end=divorced}} | children = 3 | parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Jackson (manager)|Joe Jackson]]|[[Katherine Jackson]]}} | relatives = See [[Jackson faimily]] | website = {{url|michaeljackson.com}} | signature = Michael_Jackson_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | instrument = Vocals | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[rhythm an blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rock muisic|rock]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[new jack swing]]}} | years_active = 1964–2009 | label = {{hlist|[[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]]|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[MJJ Music|MJJ Productions]]}} | associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5]] }} }} '''Michael Joseph Jackson'''<ref>County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). [[:File:Michael Jackson death certificate.jpg|Michael Jackson death certificate]].</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first= Steve |last= Huey |title= Michael Jackson – Artist Biography |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= May 31, 2015}}</ref> (August 29, 1958 – Juin 25, 2009) wis an American sangster, sangwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, an philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news|first= Tina |last= Daunt |title= Michael Jackson's generous legacy |newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= July 8, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/08/entertainment/et-cause8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Michael Jackson honoured for humanitarian efforts in Austria |newspaper= [[The Economic Times]] |date= July 25, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/michael-jackson-honoured-for-humanitarian-efforts-in-austria/articleshow/4819579.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ice Pick Slim 17 |title= Remembering Michael Jackson: The Global Humanitarian |website= Hip-Hop Wired |date= June 25, 2011 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://hiphopwired.com/2011/06/25/remembering-michael-jackson-the-global-humanitarian/}}</ref> Cried the "King o Pop",<ref name="LJ3">Lewis Jones, 2005, p. 3 : "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)".</ref><ref name="Arar">{{cite news|first= Yardena |last= Arar |date= February 29, 1984 |title= Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll |newspaper= [[Boca Raton News]] |page= 7A}}</ref><ref name="SBee">{{cite news|title= Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson? |newspaper= [[Sacramento Bee]] |date= July 27, 1987 |page= B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King Of Pop |date= June 24, 2014 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |publisher= Grammy.com |url= http://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop}}</ref> his contreibutions tae muisic, dance, an fashion<ref>{{cite news|first= Kasmin |last= Fernandes |title= Why Michael Jackson was a style icon |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |date= June 25, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/style-guide/Why-Michael-Jackson-was-a-style-icon/articleshow/37175580.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|first= Don |last= Lemon |title= Michael Jackson's style influence lives on |agency= [[CNN]] |date= June 23, 2010 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/06/23/michael.jackson.fashion/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Jocelyn |last= Vena |title= Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove |date= June 26, 2009 |publisher= MTV |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |archive-date= 2019-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> alang wi his publicised personal life made him a global feegur in [[popular cultur]] for ower fower decades. The aicht bairn o the [[Jackson faimily]], Michael made his professional debut in 1964 wi his elder brithers [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], an [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]] as a member o the [[the Jackson 5|Jackson 5]]. He began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson acame a dominant feegur in popular muisic. His [[muisic video]]s, includin thae o "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", an "[[Thriller (sang)|Thriller]]" frae his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are creditit wi breakin racial barriers an transformin the medium intae an airt form an promotional tuil. The popularity o thir videos helped bring the telly channel [[MTV]] tae fame. Jackson's 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' spawned the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] nummer-ane singles "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson sang)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an "[[Dirty Diana]]", acomin the first album tae hae five nummer-ane singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. He continued tae innovate wi videos sic as "[[Black or White]]" an "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" throuoot the 1990s, an forged a reputation as a tourin solo airtist. Throu stage an video performances, Jackson popularised a nummer o complicatit dance techniques, sic as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] an the [[muinwalk (dance)|muinwalk]], tae which he gae the name. His distinctive soond an style haes influenced [[Leet o airtists influenced bi Michael Jackson|numerous airtists]] o various muisic genres. ''Thriller'' is the [[Leet o best-sellin albums|best-sellin album o aw time]], wi estimatit sales o 65 million copies warldwide. Jackson's ither albums, includin ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991), an ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995), an aa rank amang the warld's best-sellin albums. He is recognised as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="CityNews">{{cite news |title= Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time |url= http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |work= [[CityNews]] |date= November 15, 2006 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2016-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090029/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Ditzian">{{cite news |first= Eric |last= Ditzian |title= Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |publisher= MTV |date= June 26, 2009 |accessdate= March 2, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |archive-date= 2021-05-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230313/https://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jackson is ane o the few airtists tae hae been inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twace, an wis an aa inductit intae the Songwriters Hall of Fame an the Dance Hall of Fame as the anerly dancer frae pop an rock muisic. His [[Records an achievements o Michael Jackson|ither achievements]] include multiple ''Guinness World Records'', 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, the [[Grammy Leegend Awaird]], the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], 26 [[American Music Awards]]—mair nor ony ither airtist—includin the "Artist of the Century" an "Artist of the 1980s", 13 [[Leet o airtists bi nummer o Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles|nummer-ane singles in the Unitit States]] during his solo career—mair nor ony ither male airtist in the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] era—an estimatit sales o ower 350 million records warldwide.{{ref label|Note 1|Note 1}} Jackson wan [[Leet o awairds an nominations received bi Michael Jackson|hunders o awairds]], makin him the maist awairdit recordin airtist in the history o popular muisic.<ref>{{cite news|first= Monica |last= Lewis |date= June 14, 2007 |title= 20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2007/06/14/139458/20-people-who-changed-black-music.html |newspaper= [[The Miami Herald]] |accessdate= March 16, 2013}}</ref> He acame the first airtist in history tae hae a tap ten single in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in five different decades when "[[Love Never Felt So Good]]" reached nummer nine on Mey 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Gary |last= Trust |date= May 21, 2014 |title= Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1 |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6092276/michael-jackson-coldplay-hot-100-top-10-john-legend-no-1 |accessdate= May 23, 2014}}</ref> Jackson traveled the warld attendin events honourin his humanitarianism, an, in 2000, the ''Guinness World Records'' recognised him for supportin 39 charities, mair nor ony ither enterteener.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Maureen |last= Orth |date= April 2003 |title= Losing His Grip |magazine= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304 |archivedate= March 6, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306064036/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304}}</ref> Aspects o Jackson's personal life, includin his chyngin [[Michael Jackson's heal an appearance|appearance]], [[Personal relationships o Michael Jackson|personal relationships]], an behaviour, generatit controversy. In 1993, he wis [[1993 bairn sexual abuiss accusations against Michael Jackson|accused o bairn sexual abuiss]], but the ceevil case wis settled oot o coort for an undisclosed amoont an na formal chairges war brocht.<ref>{{cite press release|first= Josh |last= Mankiewicz|date= September 3, 2004 |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5906855/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/new-details-about-jackson-case/ |title= New details about 1993 Jackson case |agency= [[NBC News]]}}</ref> In 2005, he wis [[Trial o Michael Jackson|tried an acquittit]] o faur bairn sexual abuiss allegations an several ither chairges efter the juiry foond him nae guilty on aw coonts. While preparin for his comeback concert series, ''[[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]]'', Jackson [[Daith o Michael Jackson|dee'd]] o acute [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication on Juin 25, 2009, efter sufferin frae cardiac reest. The [[Los Angeles Coonty Depairtment o Medical Examiner-Coroner|Los Angeles Coonty Coroner]] ruled his daith a homicide, an his personal pheesician, [[California v. Murray|Conrad Murray, wis convicted]] o [[involuntary manslauchter]]. Jackson's daith triggered a global ootpourin o grief, an a live broadcast o his [[Michael Jackson memorial service|public memorial service]] wis viewed aroond the warld.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Hazarika's funeral creates world record |url= http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |agency= [[MSN News]] |date= November 15, 2011 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' ranks Jackson as the tap-earnin deid celebrity wi earnins o $825 million in 2016, the heichest yearly amoont ever recordit bi the publication.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite magazine|first= Zack O'Malley |last= Greenburg |authorlink= Zack O'Malley Greenburg |title= Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016 |magazine= Forbes |date= October 14, 2016 |accessdate= November 23, 2016 |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/10/14/michael-jacksons-earnings-825-million-in-2016/}}</ref> == Albums == * Got to Be There (1972) * Ben (1972) * Music & Me (1973) * Forever, Michael (1975) * Off the Wall (1979) * Thriller (1982) * Bad (1987) * Dangerous (1991) * HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) * Invincible (2001) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jackson]] [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:2009 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Californie]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American male dancers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American beatboxers]] [[Category:American dance muisickers]] [[Category:American disco muisickers]] [[Category:American expatriates in Ireland]] [[Category:American funk sangsters]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American male dancers]] [[Category:American male pop sangsters]] [[Category:American male sangsters]] [[Category:American manslauchter victims]] [[Category:American multi-instrumentalists]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American soul sangsters]] [[Category:American tenors]] [[Category:Boy sopranos]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Bairn pop muisickers]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Californie]] [[Category:Epic Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:History o Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:Jackson faimily (shaw business)]] [[Category:Motown airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Barbara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk wi lupus]] [[Category:Post-disco muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Indiana]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Jackson 5 members]] [[Category:Fowk wi Vitiligo]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Writers frae Gary, Indiana]] {{Stub/USMuisician}} en7vrvqhlytsksgnlfctoofae8jbpkk 920390 920389 2026-08-02T20:07:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 920390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox bodie | caption = Jackson performin in 1993 | birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson | alias = Michael Joe Jackson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|8|29}} | birth_place = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] induced bi [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication | resting_place = [[Glendale, Californie|Glendale]], Californie, U.S. | occupation ={{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|dancer|actor|record producer|businessman|philanthropist}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]<br/>|1994|1996|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Debbie Rowe]]<br/>|1996|1999|end=divorced}} | children = 3 | parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Jackson (manager)|Joe Jackson]]|[[Katherine Jackson]]}} | relatives = See [[Jackson faimily]] | website = {{url|michaeljackson.com}} | signature = Michael_Jackson_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | instrument = Vocals | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[rhythm an blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rock muisic|rock]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[new jack swing]]}} | years_active = 1964–2009 | label = {{hlist|[[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]]|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[MJJ Music|MJJ Productions]]}} | associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5]] }} }} '''Michael Joseph Jackson'''<ref>County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). [[:File:Michael Jackson death certificate.jpg|Michael Jackson death certificate]].</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first= Steve |last= Huey |title= Michael Jackson – Artist Biography |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= May 31, 2015}}</ref> (29 August 1958 – 25 Juin 2009) wis an American sangster, sangwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, an philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news|first= Tina |last= Daunt |title= Michael Jackson's generous legacy |newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= July 8, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/08/entertainment/et-cause8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Michael Jackson honoured for humanitarian efforts in Austria |newspaper= [[The Economic Times]] |date= July 25, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/michael-jackson-honoured-for-humanitarian-efforts-in-austria/articleshow/4819579.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ice Pick Slim 17 |title= Remembering Michael Jackson: The Global Humanitarian |website= Hip-Hop Wired |date= June 25, 2011 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://hiphopwired.com/2011/06/25/remembering-michael-jackson-the-global-humanitarian/}}</ref> Cried the "King o Pop",<ref name="LJ3">Lewis Jones, 2005, p. 3 : "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)".</ref><ref name="Arar">{{cite news|first= Yardena |last= Arar |date= February 29, 1984 |title= Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll |newspaper= [[Boca Raton News]] |page= 7A}}</ref><ref name="SBee">{{cite news|title= Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson? |newspaper= [[Sacramento Bee]] |date= July 27, 1987 |page= B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King Of Pop |date= June 24, 2014 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |publisher= Grammy.com |url= http://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop}}</ref> his contreibutions tae muisic, dance, an fashion<ref>{{cite news|first= Kasmin |last= Fernandes |title= Why Michael Jackson was a style icon |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |date= June 25, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/style-guide/Why-Michael-Jackson-was-a-style-icon/articleshow/37175580.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|first= Don |last= Lemon |title= Michael Jackson's style influence lives on |agency= [[CNN]] |date= June 23, 2010 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/06/23/michael.jackson.fashion/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Jocelyn |last= Vena |title= Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove |date= June 26, 2009 |publisher= MTV |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |archive-date= 2019-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> alang wi his publicised personal life made him a global feegur in [[popular cultur]] for ower fower decades. The aicht bairn o the [[Jackson faimily]], Michael made his professional debut in 1964 wi his elder brithers [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], an [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]] as a member o the [[the Jackson 5|Jackson 5]]. He began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson acame a dominant feegur in popular muisic. His [[muisic video]]s, includin thae o "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", an "[[Thriller (sang)|Thriller]]" frae his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are creditit wi breakin racial barriers an transformin the medium intae an airt form an promotional tuil. The popularity o thir videos helped bring the telly channel [[MTV]] tae fame. Jackson's 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' spawned the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] nummer-ane singles "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson sang)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an "[[Dirty Diana]]", acomin the first album tae hae five nummer-ane singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. He continued tae innovate wi videos sic as "[[Black or White]]" an "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" throuoot the 1990s, an forged a reputation as a tourin solo airtist. Throu stage an video performances, Jackson popularised a nummer o complicatit dance techniques, sic as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] an the [[muinwalk (dance)|muinwalk]], tae which he gae the name. His distinctive soond an style haes influenced [[Leet o airtists influenced bi Michael Jackson|numerous airtists]] o various muisic genres. ''Thriller'' is the [[Leet o best-sellin albums|best-sellin album o aw time]], wi estimatit sales o 65 million copies warldwide. Jackson's ither albums, includin ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991), an ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995), an aa rank amang the warld's best-sellin albums. He is recognised as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="CityNews">{{cite news |title= Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time |url= http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |work= [[CityNews]] |date= November 15, 2006 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2016-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090029/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Ditzian">{{cite news |first= Eric |last= Ditzian |title= Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |publisher= MTV |date= June 26, 2009 |accessdate= March 2, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |archive-date= 2021-05-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230313/https://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jackson is ane o the few airtists tae hae been inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twace, an wis an aa inductit intae the Songwriters Hall of Fame an the Dance Hall of Fame as the anerly dancer frae pop an rock muisic. His [[Records an achievements o Michael Jackson|ither achievements]] include multiple ''Guinness World Records'', 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, the [[Grammy Leegend Awaird]], the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], 26 [[American Music Awards]]—mair nor ony ither airtist—includin the "Artist of the Century" an "Artist of the 1980s", 13 [[Leet o airtists bi nummer o Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles|nummer-ane singles in the Unitit States]] during his solo career—mair nor ony ither male airtist in the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] era—an estimatit sales o ower 350 million records warldwide.{{ref label|Note 1|Note 1}} Jackson wan [[Leet o awairds an nominations received bi Michael Jackson|hunders o awairds]], makin him the maist awairdit recordin airtist in the history o popular muisic.<ref>{{cite news|first= Monica |last= Lewis |date= June 14, 2007 |title= 20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2007/06/14/139458/20-people-who-changed-black-music.html |newspaper= [[The Miami Herald]] |accessdate= March 16, 2013}}</ref> He acame the first airtist in history tae hae a tap ten single in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in five different decades when "[[Love Never Felt So Good]]" reached nummer nine on 21 Mey 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Gary |last= Trust |date= May 21, 2014 |title= Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1 |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6092276/michael-jackson-coldplay-hot-100-top-10-john-legend-no-1 |accessdate= May 23, 2014}}</ref> Jackson traveled the warld attendin events honourin his humanitarianism, an, in 2000, the ''Guinness World Records'' recognised him for supportin 39 charities, mair nor ony ither enterteener.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Maureen |last= Orth |date= April 2003 |title= Losing His Grip |magazine= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304 |archivedate= March 6, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306064036/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304}}</ref> Aspects o Jackson's personal life, includin his chyngin [[Michael Jackson's heal an appearance|appearance]], [[Personal relationships o Michael Jackson|personal relationships]], an behaviour, generatit controversy. In 1993, he wis [[1993 bairn sexual abuiss accusations against Michael Jackson|accused o bairn sexual abuiss]], but the ceevil case wis settled oot o coort for an undisclosed amoont an na formal chairges war brocht.<ref>{{cite press release|first= Josh |last= Mankiewicz|date= September 3, 2004 |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5906855/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/new-details-about-jackson-case/ |title= New details about 1993 Jackson case |agency= [[NBC News]]}}</ref> In 2005, he wis [[Trial o Michael Jackson|tried an acquittit]] o faur bairn sexual abuiss allegations an several ither chairges efter the juiry foond him nae guilty on aw coonts. While preparin for his comeback concert series, ''[[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]]'', Jackson [[Daith o Michael Jackson|dee'd]] o acute [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication on 25 Juin 2009, efter sufferin frae cardiac reest. The [[Los Angeles Coonty Depairtment o Medical Examiner-Coroner|Los Angeles Coonty Coroner]] ruled his daith a homicide, an his personal pheesician, [[California v. Murray|Conrad Murray, wis convicted]] o [[involuntary manslauchter]]. Jackson's daith triggered a global ootpourin o grief, an a live broadcast o his [[Michael Jackson memorial service|public memorial service]] wis viewed aroond the warld.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Hazarika's funeral creates world record |url= http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |agency= [[MSN News]] |date= November 15, 2011 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' ranks Jackson as the tap-earnin deid celebrity wi earnins o $825 million in 2016, the heichest yearly amoont ever recordit bi the publication.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite magazine|first= Zack O'Malley |last= Greenburg |authorlink= Zack O'Malley Greenburg |title= Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016 |magazine= Forbes |date= October 14, 2016 |accessdate= November 23, 2016 |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/10/14/michael-jacksons-earnings-825-million-in-2016/}}</ref> == Albums == * Got to Be There (1972) * Ben (1972) * Music & Me (1973) * Forever, Michael (1975) * Off the Wall (1979) * Thriller (1982) * Bad (1987) * Dangerous (1991) * HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) * Invincible (2001) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jackson]] [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:2009 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Californie]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American male dancers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American beatboxers]] [[Category:American dance muisickers]] [[Category:American disco muisickers]] [[Category:American expatriates in Ireland]] [[Category:American funk sangsters]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American male dancers]] [[Category:American male pop sangsters]] [[Category:American male sangsters]] [[Category:American manslauchter victims]] [[Category:American multi-instrumentalists]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American soul sangsters]] [[Category:American tenors]] [[Category:Boy sopranos]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Bairn pop muisickers]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Californie]] [[Category:Epic Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:History o Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:Jackson faimily (shaw business)]] [[Category:Motown airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Barbara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk wi lupus]] [[Category:Post-disco muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Indiana]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Jackson 5 members]] [[Category:Fowk wi Vitiligo]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Writers frae Gary, Indiana]] {{Stub/USMuisician}} alidtz0c142yqlkh60xbqugnc0pvbpy 920397 920390 2026-08-02T20:17:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox bodie | caption = Jackson performin in 1993 | birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson | alias = Michael Joe Jackson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|8|29}} | birth_place = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] induced bi [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication | resting_place = [[Glendale, Californie|Glendale]], Californie, U.S. | occupation ={{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|dancer|actor|record producer|businessman|philanthropist}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]<br/>|1994|1996|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Debbie Rowe]]<br/>|1996|1999|end=divorced}} | children = 3 | parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Jackson (manager)|Joe Jackson]]|[[Katherine Jackson]]}} | relatives = See [[Jackson faimily]] | website = {{url|michaeljackson.com}} | signature = Michael_Jackson_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | instrument = Vocals | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[rhythm an blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rock muisic|rock]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[new jack swing]]}} | years_active = 1964–2009 | label = {{hlist|[[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]]|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[MJJ Music|MJJ Productions]]}} | associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5]] }} }} '''Michael Joseph Jackson'''<ref>County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). [[:File:Michael Jackson death certificate.jpg|Michael Jackson death certificate]].</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first= Steve |last= Huey |title= Michael Jackson – Artist Biography |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= May 31, 2015}}</ref> (29 August 1958 – 25 Juin 2009) wis an American sangster, sangwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, an philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news|first= Tina |last= Daunt |title= Michael Jackson's generous legacy |newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= July 8, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/08/entertainment/et-cause8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Michael Jackson honoured for humanitarian efforts in Austria |newspaper= [[The Economic Times]] |date= July 25, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/michael-jackson-honoured-for-humanitarian-efforts-in-austria/articleshow/4819579.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ice Pick Slim 17 |title= Remembering Michael Jackson: The Global Humanitarian |website= Hip-Hop Wired |date= June 25, 2011 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://hiphopwired.com/2011/06/25/remembering-michael-jackson-the-global-humanitarian/}}</ref> Cried the "King o Pop",<ref name="LJ3">Lewis Jones, 2005, p. 3 : "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)".</ref><ref name="Arar">{{cite news|first= Yardena |last= Arar |date= February 29, 1984 |title= Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll |newspaper= [[Boca Raton News]] |page= 7A}}</ref><ref name="SBee">{{cite news|title= Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson? |newspaper= [[Sacramento Bee]] |date= July 27, 1987 |page= B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King Of Pop |date= June 24, 2014 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |publisher= Grammy.com |url= http://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop}}</ref> his contreibutions tae muisic, dance, an fashion<ref>{{cite news|first= Kasmin |last= Fernandes |title= Why Michael Jackson was a style icon |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |date= June 25, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/style-guide/Why-Michael-Jackson-was-a-style-icon/articleshow/37175580.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|first= Don |last= Lemon |title= Michael Jackson's style influence lives on |agency= [[CNN]] |date= June 23, 2010 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/06/23/michael.jackson.fashion/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Jocelyn |last= Vena |title= Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove |date= June 26, 2009 |publisher= MTV |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |archive-date= 2019-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> alang wi his publicised personal life made him a global feegur in [[popular cultur]] for ower fower decades. The aicht bairn o the [[Jackson faimily]], Michael made his professional debut in 1964 wi his elder brithers [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], an [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]] as a member o the [[the Jackson 5|Jackson 5]]. He began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson acame a dominant feegur in popular muisic. His [[muisic video]]s, includin thae o "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", an "[[Thriller (sang)|Thriller]]" frae his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are creditit wi breakin racial barriers an transformin the medium intae an airt form an promotional tuil. The popularity o thir videos helped bring the telly channel [[MTV]] tae fame. Jackson's 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' spawned the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] nummer-ane singles "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson sang)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an "[[Dirty Diana]]", acomin the first album tae hae five nummer-ane singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. He continued tae innovate wi videos sic as "[[Black or White]]" an "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" throuoot the 1990s, an forged a reputation as a tourin solo airtist. Throu stage an video performances, Jackson popularised a nummer o complicatit dance techniques, sic as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] an the [[muinwalk (dance)|muinwalk]], tae which he gae the name. His distinctive soond an style haes influenced [[Leet o airtists influenced bi Michael Jackson|numerous airtists]] o various muisic genres. ''Thriller'' is the [[Leet o best-sellin albums|best-sellin album o aw time]], wi estimatit sales o 65 million copies warldwide. Jackson's ither albums, includin ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991), an ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995), an aa rank amang the warld's best-sellin albums. He is recognised as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="CityNews">{{cite news |title= Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time |url= http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |work= [[CityNews]] |date= November 15, 2006 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2016-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090029/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Ditzian">{{cite news |first= Eric |last= Ditzian |title= Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |publisher= MTV |date= June 26, 2009 |accessdate= March 2, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |archive-date= 2021-05-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230313/https://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jackson is ane o the few airtists tae hae been inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twace, an wis an aa inductit intae the Songwriters Hall of Fame an the Dance Hall of Fame as the anerly dancer frae pop an rock muisic. His [[Records an achievements o Michael Jackson|ither achievements]] include multiple ''Guinness World Records'', 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, the [[Grammy Leegend Awaird]], the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], 26 [[American Music Awards]]—mair nor ony ither airtist—includin the "Artist of the Century" an "Artist of the 1980s", 13 [[Leet o airtists bi nummer o Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles|nummer-ane singles in the Unitit States]] during his solo career—mair nor ony ither male airtist in the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] era—an estimatit sales o ower 350 million records warldwide.{{ref label|Note 1|Note 1}} Jackson wan [[Leet o awairds an nominations received bi Michael Jackson|hunders o awairds]], makin him the maist awairdit recordin airtist in the history o popular muisic.<ref>{{cite news|first= Monica |last= Lewis |date= June 14, 2007 |title= 20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2007/06/14/139458/20-people-who-changed-black-music.html |newspaper= [[The Miami Herald]] |accessdate= March 16, 2013}}</ref> He acame the first airtist in history tae hae a tap ten single in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in five different decades when "[[Love Never Felt So Good]]" reached nummer nine on 21 Mey 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Gary |last= Trust |date= May 21, 2014 |title= Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1 |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6092276/michael-jackson-coldplay-hot-100-top-10-john-legend-no-1 |accessdate= May 23, 2014}}</ref> Jackson traveled the warld attendin events honourin his humanitarianism, an, in 2000, the ''Guinness World Records'' recognised him for supportin 39 charities, mair nor ony ither enterteener.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Maureen |last= Orth |date= April 2003 |title= Losing His Grip |magazine= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304 |archivedate= March 6, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306064036/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304}}</ref> Aspects o Jackson's personal life, includin his chyngin [[Michael Jackson's heal an appearance|appearance]], [[Personal relationships o Michael Jackson|personal relationships]], an behaviour, generatit controversy. In 1993, he wis [[1993 bairn sexual abuiss accusations against Michael Jackson|accused o bairn sexual abuiss]], but the ceevil case wis settled oot o coort for an undisclosed amoont an na formal chairges war brocht.<ref>{{cite press release|first= Josh |last= Mankiewicz|date= September 3, 2004 |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5906855/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/new-details-about-jackson-case/ |title= New details about 1993 Jackson case |agency= [[NBC News]]}}</ref> In 2005, he wis [[Trial o Michael Jackson|tried an acquittit]] o faur bairn sexual abuiss allegations an several ither chairges efter the juiry foond him nae guilty on aw coonts. While preparin for his comeback concert series, ''[[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]]'', Jackson [[Daith o Michael Jackson|dee'd]] o acute [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication on 25 Juin 2009, efter sufferin frae cardiac reest. The [[Los Angeles Coonty Depairtment o Medical Examiner-Coroner|Los Angeles Coonty Coroner]] ruled his daith a homicide, an his personal pheesician, [[California v. Murray|Conrad Murray, wis convicted]] o [[involuntary manslauchter]]. Jackson's daith triggered a global ootpourin o grief, an a live broadcast o his [[Michael Jackson memorial service|public memorial service]] wis viewed aroond the warld.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Hazarika's funeral creates world record |url= http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |agency= [[MSN News]] |date= November 15, 2011 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' ranks Jackson as the tap-earnin deid celebrity wi earnins o $825 million in 2016, the heichest yearly amoont ever recordit bi the publication.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite magazine|first= Zack O'Malley |last= Greenburg |authorlink= Zack O'Malley Greenburg |title= Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016 |magazine= Forbes |date= October 14, 2016 |accessdate= November 23, 2016 |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/10/14/michael-jacksons-earnings-825-million-in-2016/}}</ref> == Albums == * ''Got to Be There'' (1972) * ''Ben'' (1972) * ''Music & Me'' (1973) * ''Forever, Michael'' (1975) * ''Off the Wal''l (1979) * ''Thriller'' (1982) * ''Bad'' (1987) * Dangerous (1991) * ''HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I'' (1995) * ''Invincible'' (2001) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jackson]] [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:2009 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Californie]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American male dancers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American beatboxers]] [[Category:American dance muisickers]] [[Category:American disco muisickers]] [[Category:American expatriates in Ireland]] [[Category:American funk sangsters]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American male dancers]] [[Category:American male pop sangsters]] [[Category:American male sangsters]] [[Category:American manslauchter victims]] [[Category:American multi-instrumentalists]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American soul sangsters]] [[Category:American tenors]] [[Category:Boy sopranos]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Bairn pop muisickers]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Californie]] [[Category:Epic Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:History o Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:Jackson faimily (shaw business)]] [[Category:Motown airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Barbara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk wi lupus]] [[Category:Post-disco muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Indiana]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Jackson 5 members]] [[Category:Fowk wi Vitiligo]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Writers frae Gary, Indiana]] {{Stub/USMuisician}} 4pi1dtl9z1ukdlbkx2zgdjsq93apk4b Banner o Azerbaijan 0 13272 920413 823766 2026-08-03T00:54:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920413 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|thumb|right|250px|Banner o Azerbaijan]] The '''banner o Azerbaijan''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycan bayrağı}}) is the [[naitional banner]] o [[Azerbaijan]]. It consists o three equal horizontal baunds o equal width coloured [[blue]] on the tap, [[reid]] in the middle, an [[green]] on the bottom, wi a [[Star an crescent|white crescent an an aicht-pointit starn]] are centred in the reid baund. The the predecessor o Azerbaijan, the [[Democratic Republic o Azerbaijan]] adoptit the current [[banner]] on 9 November 1918. On 5 Februar 1991, the Law on the Naitional Banner o [[Azerbaijan]], governin its uisage, wis passed bi the [[Naitional Assembly o Azerbaijan]]. The banner is uised on land, as the civil, state an [[war banner]], at sea, as the civil, state an naval ensign an [[naval jack]].<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/az.html Crwflags.com]</ref> Throughoot history, thare hae been mony variations o the Azerbaijani banner. In auncient times, Azerbaijani dynasties wur representit bi different [[seembol]]s displayed on thair banners. In the twintiet century, various [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] banners representit the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]]. ==Design== The blue baund refers tae [[Turkic fowks|Turkic]] heritage,<ref>[http://www.azembassy.ca/azerbaijan_profile.php Embassy of Azerbaijan to Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115032300/http://www.azembassy.ca/azerbaijan_profile.php |date=2010-11-15 }}</ref> the reid is for progress an [[Europeanisation]]<ref>Complete Flags of The World, 1997, page 172, Dorling Kindersley</ref> an the green refers tae Islam.<ref>[http://geraldika.ru/symbols/2997 Geraldika.ru] {{ru icon}}</ref> The Azerbaijani govrenment daes specify the exact shades o blue, red, an green. The offeecial colours an size wur adoptit on Februar 5, 1991,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060514133828/http://www.un.int/azerbaijan/azerbaijan.php The Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to the United Nations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> syne then the banner is referred tae in [[Constitution o Azerbaijan|the Constitution]] an is mentioned twa times in the [[Naitional Anthem o the Republic o Azerbaijan|naitional anthem]]. The specific shades o the naitional banner wur laid oot in a 2004 law as the follaein: blue - [[Pantone Matching System|PMS]] 313 C, red - PMS 185 C, green - PMS 3405 C.<ref name="Meclis">{{cite web| title =Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət bayrağı haqqında | publisher = Azərbaycan Respublikasının Milli Məclisi| url = http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/topcontent/21}} {{az icon}}</ref> <center> {| width="60%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left" |- style="text-align: center; background: #EEEEEE" ! Colour model ! style="background-color:#0097c3; color:#FFFFFF"|Blue ! style="background-color:#e00034; color:#FFFFFF"|Red ! style="background-color:#00ae65; color:#FFFFFF"|Green |- | [[Pantone]]<ref name="Meclis" /> | 313 C | 185 C | 3405 C |- | [[RGB]]<ref name="pantone.com">{{vcite web |url=http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx |title=Pantone Color Picker |accessdate=December 9, 2009 |home=Find a PANTONE color |publisher=Pantone LLC |archivedate=2015-09-10 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150910082906/http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx }}</ref> | 0-151-195 (#0097c3) | 224-0-52 (#e00034) | 0-174-101 (#00ae65) |} </center> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Flags of Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Naitional banners|Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Naitional seembols o Azerbaijan]] n27ettd61tqc8wy31ew7r239ijz03dc Biratnagar 0 14363 920415 915511 2026-08-03T01:52:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biratnagar''' (बिराटनगर) is a metropolitan ceety in sooth east [[Nepal]] which is named efter the historical Keeng Birat an is considered the seicont lairgest ceety efter [[Kathmandu]]. In Nepali "Birat" means big an "Nagar" means a place or a ceety. Biratnagar haes gien mony influential leaders in Nepalese politics includin [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]], [[Girija Prasad Koirala]], [[Manmohan Adhikari]] an Kirtinidhi Bista. Biratnagar is an industrial power hoose o Nepal wi maist o the kintra's industries locatit in an aroond its suburbs. It is in [[Koshi Zone]] - ane o the fowerteen administrative zones o Nepal an is an' a' the destrict caipital o [[Morang]] destrict. Its geographical location is 26°28'60"N 87°16'60"E.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NP/0/Biratnagar.html |title=Location of Biratnagar- Falling Rain Genomics |access-date=2010-12-12 |archive-date=2011-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606122805/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NP/0/Biratnagar.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Syne it is situatit in the Terai- north-maist section o the Gangetic plains o [[Sooth Asie]], the lands are vera fertile an hence Biratnagar haes tradeetionally been an agricultural hub an is hame tae mony agricultur based industries o the kintra. It is locatit near the mairch o Indie an is therefore a major centre for tred an commerce wi Indie. Biratnagar is linked wi [[Kathmandu]] bi roadways an airways. [[Biratnagar Airport]] is the regional hub for vital air services servin the Eastren pairt o the kintra. [[File:Brt sunrise.jpg|thumb|Brt sunrise]] ==Climate== The wather in Biratnagar is maistly het. Biratnagar experiences 6 seasons, {| class="wikitable" |- ! Saison ! Span (Nepali calendar) ! Span (Georgian calendar) ! Characteristics |- | Basanta (Ware) | Chaitra- Baisakh | Mairch- Apryle | Aroond 25-30 degrees Celsius, Very dry an windy |- | Grishma (SImmer) | Jestha- Ashad | Mey- Juin | Very het, Up tae 40 degrees Celsius. |- | Barsha (Monsoon) | Shrawan- Bhadra | Julie-August | Het, very humid an hivy monsoon rains, Krishna Janma Asthami (Birth o Lord Krishna) celebrations |- | Sharad (Hairst) | Ashwin-Kartik | September-October | Cauld temperature, festival saison. |- | Hemanta (Pre winter) | Mangshir-Poush | November - December | Cauld climate an foggy(20-10 degrees Celsius), farmers hairst the rice |- | Sishir (Winter) | Magh-Falgun | Januar Februar | Cauld climatic condeetion an foggy wather |- |} ==Demography== Accordin tae 2009 census, the tot population o the ceety o Biratnagar wis 696,636. Biratnagar's demography chiefly consists o ethnic groups lik Pahadis, Madhesis, Marwaris, Tharus an it consists a significantly lairge Muslim population in Nepal. Bi percentage o population maist fowk follae [[Hinduism]] follaed bi [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] an [[Christianity]]. ==Transport== The major mode o transport tae the ceety is road transport. It is well connectit tae ither pairts o the kintra throu buses. Biratnagar is an aa well connectit tae [[Kathmandu]] an some hilly places bi air transport. Biratnagar airport is ane o the busiest airports in Nepal wi maist flichts tae [[Kathmandu]]. It is an aa easy tae traivel tae an frae Indie bi trains frae the borderin Indian ceety o [[Jogbani]]. Thare are direct trains tae the ceety o [[Kolkata]] an the Indian caipital [[New Delhi]] frae Jogbani. In 2008, a survey for a railwey extension frae [[Indie]] wis done.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11336687.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-12 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607031757/http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11336687.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis completit in 2009. The best wey o gettin aroond the ceety is bi uisin cycle rickshaws. Thare are an aa auto rickshaws runnin short distances but thay daena operate in the main mercat aurie. Actually ane can easily get aroond the ceety on fuit. ==Tourism== Biratnagar is no a teepical tourist ceety but is a great hub tae explore the interestin places in eastren Nepal. Housomeivver, thare are mony things tae dae in the ceety. You can stroll alang the unique mercat which is alang a straucht road an branches oot an savor the street fuid. You can try your luck at the newly opened casino at Hotel Ratna, <http://www.hotelratna.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217082826/http://www.hotelratna.com/ |date=2010-12-17 }}> or heid tae the smaa but bonnie Complex, wi soummin puil an a gairden (cairt, <http://wikimapia.org/722963/The-Complex-Lover-039-s-Paradise-By-Pankaj>). For the fuid lovers, daena miss the tasty barbecues (cawed "sekuwa" in Nepali) an ither local delicacies or satisfee your sweet tuith wi tasty sweets in ane o mony sweet shops in the main mercat. As a hub for your traivel plans in Eastren Nepal, Biratnagar is ideal. The [[Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve]], is a mere 90 minute drive frae the ceety an is famous for its wildlife, especially for bird-watchin enthusiasts. It is an aa hame tae the endangered wild buffaloes cawed "Arna" in Nepali. The lairgest rhododendron forests o Tinjure, Milke an Jaljale can be reakit in aboot 3-4 oors. Scenic treks wi views o Mt. [[Makalu]] an [[Kanchenjunga]] can be stairtit frae the sma touns o Basantapur or Tumlingtar. The bonnie tea gardens o Ilam is juist 4 oors drive away. Anither place o interest is the hilly destrict o Dhankuta wi its orange orchards. ==Releegious Fare== Biratnagar is equally famous for its hie-spiritit festival celebration. In [[Dashain]], Nepal's biggest festival, lairge nummer o fowk includin youths veesit the Kali Mandir, a temple which lies in the hert o the toun. An aa famous is [[Tihar]] in Biratnagar, festival o lichts, when the residents line thair homes wi diyo (an earthen ile lamp), candles an decorative electrical lamps durin the twa days o celebration. Krishna Astami (Birthday o Krishna) is a festival which is hivily celebratit in Biratnagar. Thoosans o fowk gather on that day tae pull the Holy Caurt (Rath) which goes aroond the ceety. This event is termed as the Rath Yatra (the Cart Journey). Traffeck will be hault for ane or twa oors on that day. It is believed that the Holy Caurt (Rath) wis driven bi Lord Krishna. The Caurt (Rath) is vera big an hivy, sae it needs hunders o fowk tae muive. It haes generator tae run if required tae muive fast. It haes brakes tae stap as it haes tae stap at mony places tae allou fowk tae worship the Lord. Some fowk will be in the Caurt (Rath) tae distribute prasad (fruits) tae the fowk. The Holy Caurt will be follaed bi mony smawer caurts which are pulled bi oxen. ==Politics== Biratnagar, bein the hame an a poleetical turf tae [[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]], the first democratically electit Prime Meenister o Nepal, haes always been a fertile bed for emergin as well as establisht politeecians. Leaders lik [[Man Mohan Adhikari]], [[Sailaja Acharya]], Bharatmohan Adhikari an Mahesh Acharya aw herald frae this ceety. The man who haes been electit prime meenister the maist nummer o times in Nepal, an in the warld, [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] an aa hails frae Biratnagar. He wis Prime Meenister o Nepal fower times, servin frae 1991 tae 1994, 1998 tae 1999, 2000 tae 2001, an frae 2006 tae 2008; he wis an aa Actin Heid o State frae Januar 2007 tae Julie 2008. Biratnagar is the poleetically maist active ceety in the modren history o Nepal. The first an the historical plane hijack which wis tae fund the poleetical revolution an aa teuk place at the [[Biratnagar Airport]]. The hijack plan masterminded bi [[Girija Prasad Koirala]] wis executit bi Durga Subedi, Nagendra Dhungel an *"[[Basant Bhattarai]]". *[http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=16917 "Operation Ganesh out, place hijack plan in"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929165625/http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=16917 |date=2015-09-29 }} Biratnagar an aa haed a keeng in the past whose name wis Birat. Thare is a historical place near tae the mairch o Indie whaur the remains o the palace o Birat keeng is locatit. That place lacks the pertection as it is in remote aurie an lacks proper transportation. ==Education== Biratnagar is the centre o eddication in the eastren Development Region o Nepal. Fowk in Biratnagar gie mair importance tae eddication follaed bi business, industry an politics awtho Biratnagar wis poleetically vera active in the past. The teaching medium o eddication is Inglis in aw the private schuils, colleges an varsities whauras Nepali medium in govrenment schuils up tae seicontary level. '''Varsities an Colleges:'''<br><b> [[Purbanchal University]] http://www.purbuniv.edu.np {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716084555/http://purbuniv.edu.np/ |date=2019-07-16 }}<br> Mahendra Morang Multiple Campus, affiliated tae the [[Tribhuvan University]]<br> <big>T</big>ribhuvan <big>U</big>niversity <big>P</big>ost <big>G</big>raduate <big>C</big>ollege http://www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np </b> '''Medical Colleges:'''<br> Nepal Homeopathic Medical College (Affiliated tae [[Purbanchal University]]) Nobel Medical College (Affiliated tae Kathmandu University) http://www.nobelmedicalcollege.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128113657/http://www.nobelmedicalcollege.com/ |date=2011-01-28 }} '''Ingineerin Colleges:'''<br> Eastern College o Ingineerin College o Software Ingineerin '''Heicher Seicontary Schools an Colleges:'''<br> Arniko Heicher Seicontary School<br> Bal Kalyan Vidya Mandir Heicher Seicontary School<br> Bhanu Memorial Inglis Boardin School<br> Birat Science Campus<br> Birat College o Management<br> College o Business an Social Studies<br> Ceety College Deokota Memorial Heicher Seicontary School<br> Koshi College<br> Kritika Eddication an Health Foundation <br> Lord Buddha College<br> Manokamana Heicher Seicontary School <br> Mahendra Seicontary Hie School<br> Merryland Heicher Seicontar School<br> Model College<br> Naitional Academy o Science an Commerce<br> Orchid College<br> Shree Gograha Heicher Seicontary School<br> Sikshayadip College<br> Sooth Asian School o Tourism an Hotel Management<br> St. Joseph's Heicher Seicontary School '''Seicontary Schools:'''<br> Aadarsha Vidya Mandir<br> Arniko Boardin School<br> Balmiki Seicontary Inglis Medium School<br> Birat Co-operative Inglis School<br> Budhanilkantha Inglis Boardin School<br> DAV School<br> Deokota Memorial School<br> Don Bosco School(nilgiri) <br> DPS Biratnagar<br> Eden Naitional Seicontary Boardin School<br> Everest Inglis Boradin School<br> Koshi Vidya Mandir<br> Shree Sagarmatha Seicontary Boardin School<br-15> Shree Saraswati Madhyamik Vidyalya<br> Siddhartha Sishu Sadan<br> St. Joseph's Boardin School ==Economy, Trade an Commerce== The main economy o Biratnagar comes frae business an industry. Biratnagar exports instant noodles, biscuits an garments tae Indie an some ither ceeties o Nepal. It an aa export some garments tae Unitit States an some Europen kintras. Biratnagar imports machinery, vehicles, computers, iron, steel, etc frae Indie an imports claes, slippers, shoes, etc frae Cheenae. Biratnagr Succar Mill an Biratnagar Jute Mill are the biggest industries o Biratnagar. ==Recreation an Entertainment== Fowk o Biratnagar uisually recreate durin Hindu festivals. Durin festivals thay play cards, kouda (Juwa; a local Nepali gemme), dice (a local gemme), carroms (a local gemme), etc. Man uisually gae oot tae drink wi friends. The common drinks are Carlsberg, Tuborg, etc in beer, an Vodka, Jack Daniels, etc in liquor. But, local alcohol cawed "raksi" prepared locally bi local fowk is vera cheap an common amang the fowk aroond the ceety. Young boys entertain in dance pairties organized in clubs, bars or hotels durin festivals awtho no proper discos an KTVs are in the ceety. Some schuil kids enjoy watchin TV an listenin tae local FM at hame. ==Releegion an Cultur== The major releegions o the ceety are Hinduism, Islam (Muslim), Om Santi , Sai Baba, Christianity an Buddhism. The main cultur deeply ruitit in the ceety comes frae Hinduism. Thay hae 4 castes an 36 sub-castes seestem wi upper, medium, lawer an lawest caste/cless fowk. Untouchability still exists in huge population. Thare are several temples o Hindu, the famous is "kali Mandir"; several meetin places o Om Santi, ane temple o Sai Baba an unclear meetin place o Christians an Buddhists. ==See an aa== * [[Railway stations in Nepal]] ==Internaitional relations== Twin Touns - Sister eeties Biratnagar is twinned wi: *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Colorado]], [[USA]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Dortmund]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]] * {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Johannesburg]], [[Sooth Africae]] *{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] *{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]], [[Belaroushie]] *{{flagicon|India}} [[Patna]], [[Indie]] *{{flagicon|China}} [[Xinxiang]], [[Cheenae]] *{{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Yangon]], [[Burma]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{#invoke:coordinates|coord|display=title}} [[Category:Morang Destrict]] [[Category:Populatit places in Morang Destrict]] fd7eyc239x8yy588tke8wwnmj9738wa Banner o Austrick 0 15080 920412 891329 2026-08-03T00:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Linkrot}} [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|thumb|200px]] [[Image:Herzog Leopold V. Babenberg.jpg|thumb|[[Leopold the Virtuous]], kneeling, receives the reid-white-red banner bi [[Emperor Henry VI]], Babenberger Stammbaum, Klosterneuburg monastery, aboot 1490]] [[File:Flag-of-Austria-320x240.ogg|thumb|the banner o Austria]] The '''banner o [[Austrick]]''' haes three equal horizontal baunds o reid (top), white, an reid. The Austrian banner is the seicont-auldest banner in uise (which haes been in uise syne 1230) efter the [[banner o Denmark|Dens banner]] (which haes been in uise syne 1219).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldflags101.com/a/austria-flag.aspx |title=Austria Flag - World Flags 101 - Austrian Flags |access-date=2011-01-18 |archive-date=2011-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108182131/http://www.worldflags101.com/a/austria-flag.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://users.skynet.be/lotus/flag/aut-en.htm |title=Flag Symbols: Austria, the eagle's powers (abstract) - LOTUS |access-date=2011-01-18 |archive-date=2010-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219033108/http://users.skynet.be/lotus/flag/aut-en.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == History == === Oreegins === Duke [[Frederick II o Austrick|Friedrich II]] (1210-1246), the last o the [[Babenberg]] dynasty, who wis [[nickname]]d the "Quarrelsome" or the "Warlike", designed a new coat o airms in reid-white-red in the year 1230 in his attempt tae acome mair independent frae the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. === Legend === Accordin tae legend, the banner wis inventit bi [[Leopold V, Duke o Austrick|Duke Leopold V o Austrick]] (1157–1194) as a consequence o his fechtin durin the [[Crusade]]s. Efter a fierce battle, his white battle dress wis completely drenched in bluid. When he removed his belt, the cloth unnerneath wis untouched bi it, revealin the combination o reid-white-red. Sae taken wis he bi this singular sicht that he adoptit the colors an scheme as his banner. === Uise durin the Monarchy === [[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|thumb|left|188px|Banner o the [[Hoose o Habsburg]]]] Awtho the combination o reid-white-red wis, syne the late [[Middle Ages]], widely considered tae be the "Austrian" colours an uised bi baith the Babenberg an the [[Habsburg]] dynasties in connection wi [[Airchduchy o Austrick|thair Austrian territories]], the ''naitional banner'' o Austrick (in a modren sense) till 1918 wis black-yellow. These wur the faimily colours o the [[Hoose o Habsburg]], an wur themsels in pairt derived frae the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. [[File:Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg|thumb|left|188px| Banner o the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy|Austrian, later Austro-Hungarian Navy]].]] Beginnin in the reign o [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Joseph II]], the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy|Austrian, later Austro-Hungarian Navy]] uised a [[Austro-Hungarian Navy#Naval banners|Naval Ensign]] (''Marineflagge'') based on the reid-white-red colours, an augmentit wi a shield o seemilar colours. Baith o these banner became obsolete wi the [[Austrick-Hungary|dissolution o the Empire in 1918]], an the newly formed [[Republic o Austrick]] adoptit reid-white-red as its naitional banner. ==Similar designs uised elsewhere== {{Begin flag gallery}} {{Flag entry|Width=210|Image=Flag of French Polynesia.svg|Caption=[[Banner o French Polynesie]]}} {{Flag entry|Width=210|Image=Flag of Lebanon.svg|Caption=[[Banner o Lebanon]]}} {{Flag entry|Width=210|Image=Flag of Latvia.svg|Caption=[[Banner o Latvie]]}} {{Flag entry|Width=210|Image=Flag of Peru.svg|Caption=[[Banner o Peru]]}} {{End flag gallery}} The [[banner o French Polynesie]] bears a close resemblance, showin the emblem o sun an sea in white field. The French Polynesian banner haes seemilar reid stripes wi [[Spainyie fess]]. The [[banner o Lebanon]] bears a close resemblance, showin the [[green]] [[Lebanon cedar|cedar]] in white field. The Lebanese banner haes seemilar upper-doun reid stripes wi [[Spainyie fess]]. Ane theory on the banner's design haulds that syne Lebanese member o parliament [[Henri Pharaon]], who wis involved in the makin o the banner, wis a lang-time consul in [[Vienna]] an wis an avid friend an foonder o the "Austro-Lebanese Association o Friendship", the colors coud hae been inspired bi the Austrian banner. The [[banner o Latvie]] uises unuisual colour (maroon) an unequal horizontal baunds. Ane version o the oreegin o the Latvian banner an aa parallels that o the Austrian banner.<ref>{{lang-lv|Missing URL}}{{lang-de|Missing URL}}{{lang-ru|[http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/A/AT/atskanu_hronika/atskanu_hronika.htm]}}</ref> The [[banner o Peru]] resembles the colours, but haes its baunds aligned vertically. The same design is an aa uised tae merk "No entry" on European inland waterways.<ref>[http://www.unece.org/trans/doc/finaldocs/sc3/TRANS-SC3-115r2e.pdf European code for inland waterways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625092122/http://www.unece.org/trans/doc/finaldocs/sc3/TRANS-SC3-115r2e.pdf |date=2008-06-25 }}, Annex 7 "Waterway signs and marking", p.133 (p.135 in PDF)</ref> ==Austrian banner coin== The Austrian banner haes been the main motif o mony collector coins. Ane o the maist recent examples is the 20 euro [[Euro gowd an silver commemorative coins (Austrick)#2003 coinage|Post War Period coin]], issued bi the [[Austrick|Republic o Austrick]] on 17 September 2003. The obverse o this coin shows the [[Coat o airms o Austrick|Austrian coat o airms]] flanked bi the Austrian banner an the [[banner o Europe|European Union banner]]. == See an aa == * [[Leet o Austrian banners]] * [[Banners o Austrian states]] * [[Coat o airms o Austrick]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{FOTW|id=at|title=Austria}} *[http://peter-diem.at/bundeswappen.htm ''The Symbols of Austria''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814023629/http://peter-diem.at/bundeswappen.htm |date=2009-08-14 }} {{Banner o Europe}} {{naitionalflags}} {{Commonscat|Flags of Austria}} [[Category:Naitional banners|Austrick]] [[Category:Banners o Austrick| ]] kge2blrbl1ou3zd85tzlvel0rous2i5 Banha 0 16287 920411 887699 2026-08-03T00:54:38Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Banha |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Egypt<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Egyp <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Egyp}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates of Egypt|Govrenorate]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Qalyubia Govrenorate|Qalyubia]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |<!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2012 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =165906<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-69&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|title=World Gazetteer|access-date=2014-11-29|archive-date=2013-04-12|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412044333/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-69&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan|url-status=dead}}</ref> |population_density_km2 =auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro =2500000 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone =[[Egyp Staundart Time|EST]] |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|30|27|39|N|31|11|15|E|region:EG|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 19 |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = (+20) 13 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Banha''' ({{lang-ar|بنها}} {{transl|ar|''Banhā''}}), an aa spelled ''Benha'', is a ceety in northeastren [[Egyp]] an caipital o [[Qalyubia Govrenorate]]. Egyptians caw it ''Banha Elasal'' which means "Sweet like honey".. ==Geography an economy== It is locatit 48&nbsp;km (30 mins) north o [[Cairo]], locatit on the east bank o the Damietta Branch o the [[Nile River]] in the rich fermland o the soothren pairt o the river's delta. Well-irrigatit bi canals leadin aff the Delta Barrage, a [[dam]] 30&nbsp;km (20 min) upstream, the surroondin fermland produces [[wheat]] an lang-staple [[cotton]]. Syne auncient times, Banha haes been kent for the production o attar o [[rose]]s, an ingredient in [[perfume]]. The day it is the centre o Egyp's electronics industry. Banha is a major junction in the rail netwirk that radiates north frae [[Cairo]] an it haes the 6t biggest train station in Egyp<ref name="fallingrain">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/12/Banha.html|title=Geographical information on Banha, Egypt|accessdate=2008-04-13|author=[[FallingRain|Falling Rain Genomics, Inc]]|archive-date=2008-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329065358/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/12/Banha.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. The north o Banha is the site o ane o several auncient ceeties cried [[Athribis]], the caipital o the tenth nome (province) o [[Lawer Egyp]] in aboot 1500 BC. The site haes niver been seestematically investigatit bi airchaeologists. Ower the years, peasants diggin in the aurie hae uncovered a lairge hoard o siller. Aboot 20&nbsp;km (12&nbsp;mi) soothwast o Banha is Taw al Yahudiya, the site o [[Leontopolis]], famed for its glazed tiles in auncient times. Population is aroond 2,479,347. (2005) an Tot Aurie is 16,105&nbsp;km² <ref name="fallingrain" />. ==Banha University== [[Banha University]] wis established in November 1976 as a branch o [[Zakazig University]] in the govrenorate. It became an independent University in 2005 incorporatin several facilities an depairtments wi aroond 60,500 graduates per annum. The Faculty o Medicine is notable for research an management o 2 main hospitals in Banha. ==Dountoun aurie== Dountoun Banha is famous for the first fully-awned Egyptian apothecary which wis foondit in 1907 bi Dr. Ahmed M. ElNayeb. The significance o this Pharmacy is due that in the late 19t century an early 20t century, amaist aw pharmacies wur awned bi foreigners-mainly frae the Greek minority. The day thare are currently 5 Drog stores that are awned an managed bi descendants o ElNayeb faimily namely Dr. Nabil A. ElNayeb an Dr. Magdy A. ElNayeb, the latter inheritin the first oreeginal store frae his grandfaither. (Picture frae the Archive: [http://i33.tinypic.com/346sw9v.jpg]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) ==Destricts== Banha consists o several destricts : El-Vilal, Banha El-Gedida (New Banha), Attrib, El-Manshia, El-Shedia , Wist elbalad (Dountoun Aurie), Elharas elwatany, Manshit elnour an Hay El-zehour (Flouers Suburb). ==References== <references /> ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.kalyobiya.gov.eg Qalyubia Govrenorate's offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224114317/http://www.kalyobiya.gov.eg/ |date=2009-02-24 }} {{en icon}} * [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=51932823743 Qalyubia Group FaceBook] {{en icon}} {{EgypLairgestCeeties}} {{Coord|30|28|N|31|11|E|region:EG_type:city_source:enwiki-GNS|display=title}} [[Category:Govrenorate caipitals in Egyp]] [[Category:Populatit places in Qalyubia Govrenorate]] [[Category:Nile River Delta]] lpuyy7oc3cydux1yo24ra1dule37okw Balykchy 0 16699 920410 904048 2026-08-03T00:44:00Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = {{PAGENAME}} |native_name = Балыкчы |settlement_type = Ceety |image_skyline = E8359-Balykchy-government-office.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Balykchy Govrenment Office |image_flag = |image_shield = Coat of arms of Balykchy.svg |image_seal |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Kyrgyzstan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kyrgyzstan |subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Kyrgyzstan|Province]] |subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|30px]] [[Kyrgyzstan]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Issyk Kul Province]] |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of= |population_footnotes = |population_total = 40,000 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|42|28|N|76|11|E|region:KG|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Balykchy''' ({{lang-ky|Балыкчы. ''Balıkçı''}}) is a the seicont lairgest ceety in the [[Issyk Kul Province]]. It haes a population aboot 40,000 fowk locatit at the wastren end o Lake [[Issyk Kul]] in [[Kyrgyzstan]], at {{coord|42|28|N|76|11|E|region:KG_type:city(50,000)}} an an elevation o aboot 1,900 meters. ==Names an etymology== It wis named Rybachye (''fishin place'' in Roushie) in 1909-1993. In the early 1990s, follaein the disintegration o the Soviet Union, the toun wis kent as Issyk-Kul, takin the name o the adjacent lake. Shortly efter unthirldom, its name wis chyngit tae '''Balykchy''' [http://www.dostuck.com.kg/old/cities.shtml] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212090021/http://www.dostuck.com.kg/old/cities.shtml |date=2005-02-12 }} which means ''fisherman'' in [[Kyrgyz leid]]. ==Economy== A major industrial an transport center (oo an crop processin, lake shippin, rail terminal, an road junction) durin the Soviet era, it lost maist o its economic base efter the collapse o the [[Soviet Union]] an the closure o virtually aw o its industrial facilities. ==Transport== The main road frae [[Bishkek]], the caipital o Kyrgyzstan, tae [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]], a pairt o the auncient [[Silk Road|Great Silk Road]], passes throu Balykchy afore it stairts its lang an arduous wey athort the alpine ranges o [[Naryn Province]] in central Kyrgyzstan tae the Cheenese mairch at [[Torugart]] Pass. Plans for the rail road frae the Cheenese mairch tae Balykchy, whaur the line frae Bishkek currently ends, are unner discussion. Twa ither roads go aroond the north an sooth sides o Issyk Kul tae [[Karakol]] an then aroond the east end o the [[Kungey Alatau]] tae the far sootheast o [[Kazakhstan]]. ==References== * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/7/Balykchy.html|title=Geographical information on Balykchy, Kyrgyzstan|accessdate=2008-11-27|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|language=en|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214934/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/7/Balykchy.html|url-status=dead}} ==External links== {{commonscat-inline|Balykchy}} {{coord|42|27|40|N|76|10|49|E|display=title|region:KG_type:city}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Populatit places in Issyk Kul Province]] [[Category:Populatit places alang the Silk Road]] l5n7t4gvtygd5gcwv4bs3qeoit24xc8 Kiryat Yam 0 18474 920419 917701 2026-08-03T05:09:05Z ~2026-42822-81 135166 /* */ 920419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Israel municipality |name=Kiryat Yam |image_skyline=Kiryat Yam.jpg |image_caption= |emblem=Kiryat Yam COA.svg |emblem_type=Kiryat Yam emblem |hebname=קִרְיַת יָם |ISO=Qiryat Yamm |arname=كريات يام |meaning=Sea Toun |pushpin_map=Israel |pushpin_label_position= bottom | coordinates = {{coord|32|50|0|N|35|04|0|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |founded=1945 |type=city |typefrom= |stdHeb= |altOffSp= |altUnoSp= |district=haifa | popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | population = {{Israel populations|Qiryat Yam}} | population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} |area_dunam=4339 |mayor=Shmuel Sisso }} '''Kiryat Yam''' ({{lang-he-n|קִרְיַת יָם}}, lit. ''Sea Toun'') is a toun in the [[Haifa Bay]] destrict o Israel, 12 kilometres (7.5&nbsp;mi) north o [[Haifa]]. Ane o a group o Haifa suburbs kent as the [[Krayot]], it is locatit on the Mediterranean coast, atween [[Kiryat Haim]] an the Tzur Shalom industrial aurie, east o [[Kiryat Motzkin]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it haed a population o {{Israel populations|Qiryat Yam}}.{{Israel populations|reference}} == History == [[File:Kiryat Yam1949.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Kiryat Yam, 1949]] Almost all "facts" here in following text were fabricated by prohamas and prohezbolah sympathizers or members . --> lairge tract o land on the Haifa Bay wis purchased frae the [[Sursock family]] o Beirut bi the [[American Zion Commonwealth]] in 1925.<ref>Joseph B. Glass, ''From New Zion to Old Zion: American Jewish Immigration and Settlement in Palestine, 1917-1939''(America-Holy Land Monographs, 2002), p192.</ref> In 1928, the Bayside Land Corporation, a jynt ventur o the Palestine Economic Corporation an the [[Jewish National Fund]], acquired 2,400 dunams o residential land in a deal relatit tae the biggin o the [[Iraq Petroleum Company|IPC ile pipeline]].<ref name="glass236">Glass, p236</ref> Development o a residential aurie began in 1939,<ref>Palestine Post, May 12, 1939</ref> an the first houses war completit in 1940.<ref name="glass236" /> == Demographics == [[File:Kyam5.jpg|thumb|250px|Psagot Yam neighborhuid]] Kiryat Yam haes a population o 45,000 residents.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/956431.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816182700/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/956431.html |date=2009-08-16 }})</ref> The northren aurie o the toun is hame tae mony immigrants frae the umwhile [[Soviet Union]], North Africae an [[Ethiopie]] in which the municipality an its mayor Shmuel Sisso wirked tea big dozens o centers an hames tae help the immigrants settle. The ceety is ranked medium on the socio-economic scale.<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/local_authorities2003/pdf/t02.pdf Local councils and municipalities, by socio-economic index, ranking and cluster membership]</ref> == Schuils == Kiryat Yam haes 15 preschuils, aicht elementary schuils an 3 heich schuils (Rabin,Rodman & Levinson ) wi a student population o 10,000. == Israeli-Arab conflict == Durin the [[2006 Lebanon War]], Kiryat Yam wis hit bi [[Hezbollah]] rockets an suffered casualties an property damage.<ref name=einav>{{Cite news | last = Einav | first = Hagai | title = Western Galilee: 3 women killed in rocket attack | work = Ynetnews | accessdate = 2009-03-04 | date = 2006-08-05 | url = http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3286608,00.html }}</ref> In Februar 2008, a [[Google Earth]] uiser addit an erroneous note that Kiryat Yam haed been biggit on the ruins o Arab Ghawarina, an [[Leet o veelages depopulatit durin the Arab–Israeli conflict‎|abandoned Arab veelage]]. The toun filed a complaint wi the polis against [[Google]] for libel.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080213215217/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/953243.html Israeli town sues Google over claim it was built on Arab village] Haaretz, 11 February 2008</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kiryat Yam is Searching Google|author=Glickman, Eitan|coauthors=Shlomi, Ro'i|publisher=[[Yedioth Ahronoth]]|date=2008-02-11}}</ref> == Urban development == Urban development plans aimed at upgradin the auld Gimmel neighborhuid wur blocked bi [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems]], whose main wappens development plant borders Kiryat Yam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1033608.html |title=In Kiryat Yam, urban renewal program faces off with Rafael armaments |access-date=2011-08-31 |archive-date=2009-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101081913/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1033608.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2009, the [[Haifa Destrict]] plannin committee appruivit heich-rise construction for the neighborhuid, owerrulin Rafael's objections.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1124168.html |title=Kiryat Yam renewal gets go-ahead |access-date=2011-08-31 |archive-date=2012-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052247/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/kiryat-yam-renewal-gets-go-ahead-1.5277 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Neighbourhuids == * Kiryat Yam (Dalet) - includin Almogim * Kiryat Yam (Gimmel) - biggit in the 1950s * Kiryat Yam (Bet) * Kiryat Yam (Alef) * Savyoney Yam * Psagot Yam & Bne Beitkha == Internaitional relations == === Twin touns — Sister ceeties === {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Israel}} Kiryat Yam is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Créteil]], [[Fraunce]] * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg|Berlin Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]], [[Germany]] * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Kislovodsk]], [[Roushie]] * {{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Makó]], [[Hungary]]<ref name="Makó">{{cite web|url=http://www.mako.hu/hu/node/279|title=Makó külkapcsolatai – előtérben a kultúra és a gazdaságélénkítés &#124;Makó|publisher=Mako.hu|date=2005-07-11|accessdate=2009-05-05}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> == References == {{Commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{Haifa Destrict}} [[Category:Ceeties in Israel]] [[Category:Krayot]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1945]] qsii99idy3kb9bi66bkmlya8fwa3ytu 920421 920419 2026-08-03T07:15:14Z Font8388608 132530 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/920419|920419]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-42822-81|~2026-42822-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-42822-81|Tauk]]) Revert vandalism 920421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Israel municipality |name=Kiryat Yam |image_skyline=Kiryat Yam.jpg |image_caption= |emblem=Kiryat Yam COA.svg |emblem_type=Kiryat Yam emblem |hebname=קִרְיַת יָם |ISO=Qiryat Yamm |arname=كريات يام |meaning=Sea Toun |pushpin_map=Israel |pushpin_label_position= bottom | coordinates = {{coord|32|50|0|N|35|04|0|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |founded=1945 |type=city |typefrom= |stdHeb= |altOffSp= |altUnoSp= |district=haifa | popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | population = {{Israel populations|Qiryat Yam}} | population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} |area_dunam=4339 |mayor=Shmuel Sisso }} '''Kiryat Yam''' ({{lang-he-n|קִרְיַת יָם}}, lit. ''Sea Toun'') is a toun in the [[Haifa Bay]] destrict o Israel, 12 kilometres (7.5&nbsp;mi) north o [[Haifa]]. Ane o a group o Haifa suburbs kent as the [[Krayot]], it is locatit on the Mediterranean coast, atween [[Kiryat Haim]] an the Tzur Shalom industrial aurie, east o [[Kiryat Motzkin]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it haed a population o {{Israel populations|Qiryat Yam}}.{{Israel populations|reference}} == History == [[File:Kiryat Yam1949.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Kiryat Yam, 1949]] A lairge tract o land on the Haifa Bay wis purchased frae the [[Sursock family]] o Beirut bi the [[American Zion Commonwealth]] in 1925.<ref>Joseph B. Glass, ''From New Zion to Old Zion: American Jewish Immigration and Settlement in Palestine, 1917-1939''(America-Holy Land Monographs, 2002), p192.</ref> In 1928, the Bayside Land Corporation, a jynt ventur o the Palestine Economic Corporation an the [[Jewish National Fund]], acquired 2,400 dunams o residential land in a deal relatit tae the biggin o the [[Iraq Petroleum Company|IPC ile pipeline]].<ref name=glass236>Glass, p236</ref> Development o a residential aurie began in 1939,<ref>Palestine Post, May 12, 1939</ref> an the first houses war completit in 1940.<ref name=glass236/> == Demographics == [[File:Kyam5.jpg|thumb|250px|Psagot Yam neighborhuid]] Kiryat Yam haes a population o 45,000 residents.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/956431.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816182700/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/956431.html |date=2009-08-16 }})</ref> The northren aurie o the toun is hame tae mony immigrants frae the umwhile [[Soviet Union]], North Africae an [[Ethiopie]] in which the municipality an its mayor Shmuel Sisso wirked tea big dozens o centers an hames tae help the immigrants settle. The ceety is ranked medium on the socio-economic scale.<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/local_authorities2003/pdf/t02.pdf Local councils and municipalities, by socio-economic index, ranking and cluster membership]</ref> == Schuils == Kiryat Yam haes 15 preschuils, aicht elementary schuils an 3 heich schuils (Rabin,Rodman & Levinson ) wi a student population o 10,000. == Israeli-Arab conflict == Durin the [[2006 Lebanon War]], Kiryat Yam wis hit bi [[Hezbollah]] rockets an suffered casualties an property damage.<ref name=einav>{{Cite news | last = Einav | first = Hagai | title = Western Galilee: 3 women killed in rocket attack | work = Ynetnews | accessdate = 2009-03-04 | date = 2006-08-05 | url = http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3286608,00.html }}</ref> In Februar 2008, a [[Google Earth]] uiser addit an erroneous note that Kiryat Yam haed been biggit on the ruins o Arab Ghawarina, an [[Leet o veelages depopulatit durin the Arab–Israeli conflict‎|abandoned Arab veelage]]. The toun filed a complaint wi the polis against [[Google]] for libel.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080213215217/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/953243.html Israeli town sues Google over claim it was built on Arab village] Haaretz, 11 February 2008</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kiryat Yam is Searching Google|author=Glickman, Eitan|coauthors=Shlomi, Ro'i|publisher=[[Yedioth Ahronoth]]|date=2008-02-11}}</ref> == Urban development == Urban development plans aimed at upgradin the auld Gimmel neighborhuid wur blocked bi [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems]], whose main wappens development plant borders Kiryat Yam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1033608.html |title=In Kiryat Yam, urban renewal program faces off with Rafael armaments |access-date=2011-08-31 |archive-date=2009-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101081913/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1033608.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2009, the [[Haifa Destrict]] plannin committee appruivit heich-rise construction for the neighborhuid, owerrulin Rafael's objections.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1124168.html |title=Kiryat Yam renewal gets go-ahead |access-date=2011-08-31 |archive-date=2012-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052247/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/kiryat-yam-renewal-gets-go-ahead-1.5277 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Neighbourhuids == * Kiryat Yam (Dalet) - includin Almogim * Kiryat Yam (Gimmel) - biggit in the 1950s * Kiryat Yam (Bet) * Kiryat Yam (Alef) * Savyoney Yam * Psagot Yam & Bne Beitkha == Internaitional relations == === Twin touns — Sister ceeties === {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Israel}} Kiryat Yam is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Créteil]], [[Fraunce]] * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg|Berlin Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]], [[Germany]] * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Kislovodsk]], [[Roushie]] * {{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Makó]], [[Hungary]]<ref name="Makó">{{cite web|url=http://www.mako.hu/hu/node/279|title=Makó külkapcsolatai – előtérben a kultúra és a gazdaságélénkítés &#124;Makó|publisher=Mako.hu|date=2005-07-11|accessdate=2009-05-05}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> == References == {{Commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{Haifa Destrict}} [[Category:Ceeties in Israel]] [[Category:Krayot]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1945]] d4l7sg3sp6udv0l4z2mh6qr25nf3tuh Burdur Province 0 21103 920416 858093 2026-08-03T02:27:22Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Province TR |name=Burdur |map=Burdur in Turkey.svg |region=Mediterranean |area=6,887 |total population=258,868 |tpop_as_of = 2010 |licence = 15 |area_code= 248 |turkname=Burdur ili |}} '''Burdur Province''' ({{lang-tr|Burdur ili }}) is a province o [[Turkey]], locatit in the soothwast an borderin [[Muğla Province|Muğla]] an [[Antalya Province|Antalya]] tae the sooth, [[Denizli Province|Denizli]] tae the wast, [[Afyon Province|Afyon]] tae the north, an [[Isparta Province|Isparta]] tae the east. It haes an aurie o 6,887&nbsp;km² an a population o 258,868 the provincial caipital is [[Burdur]] ceety. Burdur is locatit in the "Lakes Region" o Turkey an haes mony lakes o sindry sizes, lairgest o which, [[Burdur Lake]], is namit efter the province. [[Salda Lake]] is the seicont lairgest lake in the province an is considered tae be ane o the cleanest lakes in the warld. == Destricts == Burdur province is dividit intae 11 [[Destricts o Turkey|destricts]] (caipital destrict in '''bauld'''): *[[Ağlasun]] *[[Altınyayla, Burdur|Altınyayla]] *[[Bucak, Burdur|Bucak]] *'''[[Burdur]]''' *[[Çavdır]] *[[Çeltikçi]] *[[Gölhisar]] *[[Karamanlı, Burdur|Karamanlı]] *[[Kemer, Burdur|Kemer]] *[[Tefenni]] *[[Yeşilova]] == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Sagalassos1.jpg|Auncient ceety o [[Sagalassos]] Image:Museum of Anatolian Civilizations014.jpg|Airtifacts retrievit frae [[Hacilar]] neolithic steid </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat}} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.burdur.gov.tr/ Burdur governor's official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510144156/http://www.burdur.gov.tr/ |date=2007-05-10 }} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.burdur.bel.tr/ Burdur municipality's official website] * {{en icon}} [http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=BURDUR Burdur weather forecast information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824145416/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=BURDUR |date=2011-08-24 }} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.hedefgazetesi.net/ Burdur NewsPaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023052250/http://www.hedefgazetesi.net/ |date=2011-10-23 }} {{Destricts o Turkey|provname=Burdur|image=Burdur|}} {{Provinces o Turkey}} {{coord|37|25|26|N|30|05|04|E|region:TR-15_type:adm1st}} ozgovvlkakgiottwpowvjb8ippharqp Uiser collogue:Revi C. 3 59756 920384 920361 2026-08-02T14:29:28Z Pathoschild 391 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 920384 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|<span style="color:red">PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!</span>]] '''<span style="color:red"> BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX </span>''(Script)''<span style="color:red">, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. IT IS AN AUTOMATED SCRIPT BEING USED ON COMMONS TO MOVE FILES.</span>''' Instead, please leave your message following site: <br /> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|45px|link=d:User talk:Revi C.]] [[d:User talk:Revi C.]] for Wikidata (Interwiki links) stuff <!--(I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)--> <br /> [[File:Commons-logo.svg|45px|link=commons:User talk:Revi C.]] [[commons:User talk:Revi C.]] for renaming stuff or [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] action (I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there) <br /> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo optimized.svg|45px|link=m:User talk:Revi C.]] [[meta:User talk:Revi C.]] for other stuff (User right notification, revert message, etc...) Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.</div> 5b8qtz4dnjnrhc9ts3mku14m3gujbq8 Alhendín 0 59959 920408 781464 2026-08-02T23:50:09Z Lopezsuarez 69877 920408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Alhendín | image_skyline = Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción, en Alhendín (Granada).jpg | image_flag = Bandera de Alhendín (Granada).svg | image_seal = Escudo de Alhendín (Granada).svg | image_map = LocationAlhendín.png| map_caption = Location o Alhendín| subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Andalusie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[File:Bandera de la provincia de Granada (España).svg|22x20px|border]]&nbsp;[[Province o Granada|Granada]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Vega de Granada]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 51 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_m = 739 | population_as_of = 2005 | population_note = | population_total = 5200 | population_density_km2 = 102.0 | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | latitude = | longitude = | website = | footnotes = Salve Imperator, Morituni te salutan| }} '''Alhendín''' is a ceety locatit in the [[province o Granada]], [[Spain]]. Accordin tae the 2005 [[census]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]), the ceety haes a population o 5200 indwallers. {{Municipalities in Granada}} {{coord|37|07|N|3|39|W|display=title|region:ES_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alhendin}} [[Category:Municipalities in the Province o Granada]] [[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Granada]] gkkpe3mhkszcelmc5s108nt5x4ncqv8 Bakewar 0 61826 920409 790763 2026-08-03T00:41:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Bakewar | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Ceety | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, Indie | coordinates = {{coord|26|40|12|N|79|10|48|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Indie}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States an territories o Indie|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Leet o destricts o Indie|Destrict]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Etawah destrict|Etawah]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_title = Chairman | leader_name = Bhuri Begum | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 142 | population_total = 13053 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Leids | demographics1_title1 = Offeecial | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] | timezone1 = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Bakewar''' is a toun an a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Etawah destrict]] in the state o [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Indie]]. It's 22&nbsp;km awa frae destrict heidquairters [[Etawah]]. Bakewar is famous for its vera guid education seetem, Agricultur Trainin Institute an for Naitional heich-gate no. 2. Bakewar is situatit at naitional heich-gate no. 2 (Mughal Road). It's situatit atween [[Agra]] an [[Kanpur]], the twa biggest ceeties o Uttar Pradesh. Agra is 145&nbsp;km north an Kanpur is 135&nbsp;km on sooth o Bakewar. Bharthana is the nearest railwey (11&nbsp;km) o Bakewar, situatit in the east. ==Geografie== Bakewar is locatit at {{Coord|26.67|N|79.18|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Bakewar.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bakewar |access-date=2013-11-07 |archive-date=2012-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210174526/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Bakewar.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It haes a average elevation o 142&nbsp;metres (465&nbsp;feet). ==Demographics== {{As of|2001}}'s Indie [[census]],<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref> Bakewar haed a population o 13,053. Males constitute 53% o the population an females 47%. Bakewar haes a average leeteracy rate o 59%, lawer than the naitional average o 79.9%; wi 69% o the males an 54% o females leeterate. 18% o the population is unner 6 years o age. ==Eddication== Janta Degree College an Janta Vidyalay Inter College is weel kent for its quality eddication. It wis established aroond five decades ago, is famous for its discipline, dedication towards students, teachers an vocational courses. Aw credit goes tae Mr Anand Swaroop Mishra ji, Honourable foonder o baith the colleges. It is currently afferin Courses in Bachelor o Science [in Biotechnologie, Computer Science, Industrial Chemistry, Math, Biologie, Agricultur etc.], Bachelor o Commerce, Maister o Science [in Math, Pheesics, Agricultur, Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Biotechnologie, etc.] an Postgraduate diploma in computer application. ==Places o interest== * '''LAKHNA KALKA TEMPLE-''' Lakhana Kalka Mandir, locatit at [[Lakhna]] (a nearbi toun) three km awa frae Bakewar. This place haes historical importance as it is a place o Bakasur, who wis killed bi Bhima o Mahabharata durin their visit thare. This place haes the photo o wife o Bhima. * Khera, locatit at Chakarnagar (a nearbi toun), 13&nbsp;km frae Bakewar. * '''Temple Of Devi Sati''' locatit at ane KM on Bharthana Road. Devi Sati temple is the seembol o faith o the fowk's o Bakewar an mony ither veelages near aboot. * '''MAGHAI''' A huge pond cried Maghai covered twa-thirds o toun Bakewar an it provides security tae fowks o Bakewar bi antisocial elements. * '''Dairy Plant ''' is huge plant on Aoraiya Road in heichly productive place whaur milk is collectit, stored an send tae ither big dairy plant for further processin. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Etawah destrict}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Etawah destrict]] myhlp4596nbw6rih6ml0iw6o4psdh3g Bharthana 0 61835 920414 644436 2026-08-03T01:43:38Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Bharthana | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Ceety | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, Indie | coordinates = {{coord|26|45|0|N|79|13|48|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Indie}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States an territories o Indie|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Leet o destricts o Indie|Destrict]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Etawah destrict|Etawah]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 135 | population_total = 38781 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Leids | demographics1_title1 = Offeecial | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] | timezone1 = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Bharthana''' is a ceety an a [[municipal buird]] in [[Etawah destrict]] in the state o [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Indie]]. == Geografie == Bharthana is locatit at {{Coord|26.75|N|79.23|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Bharthana.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bharthana |access-date=2013-11-07 |archive-date=2012-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026120047/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Bharthana.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It haes a average elevation o 135&nbsp;metres (442&nbsp;feet). This is a ceety whaur rice production is vera heich in ratio. == Demographics == {{As of|2001}} Indie [[census]],<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref> Bharthana haed a population o 38,781. Males constitute 52% o the population an females 48%. Bharthana haes an average leeteracy rate o 72%, heicher than the naitional average o 59.5%; wi male leeteracy o 77% an female leeteracy o 66%. 15% o the population is unner 6 years o age. == References == {{Reflist}} {{Etawah destrict}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Etawah destrict]] kjrqac4on6546dh639ph8ferm8of5hk Dhoba 0 62722 920418 901265 2026-08-03T04:58:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Dhoba | name = | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | imagesize = 240px | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = | mapsize = 150 px | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|34.06|73.07|region:PK_type:city|display=inline}} | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative units o Pakistan|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | population_total = | population_as_of = 1998 | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_m = 1101 | elevation_m_min = | elevation_m_max = | population_density_km2 = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | area_code = | area_code_type = [[Leet o diallin codes o Pakistan|Cawin code]] | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Staundart Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Dhoba''' is a veelage o [[Abbottabad Destrict]] in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province o [[Pakistan]]. It is locatit at 34°6'25N 73°7'20E wi a altitude o 1101 metres (3615 feet).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/3/Dhoba.html |title=Location of Dhoba- Falling Rain Genomics |access-date=2013-11-26 |archive-date=2012-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026125840/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/3/Dhoba.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Coord|34|6|25|N|73|7|20|E|display=title}} [[Category:Populatit places in Abbottabad Destrict]] qcpae626lv4glfo5nbse2l6062ftzzo Illyrie 0 65735 920422 856987 2026-08-03T09:16:06Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Illyrian Tribes (English).svg|thumb|right|Approximate aurie settled bi Illyrians in antiquity.]] In [[classical antiquity]], '''Illyria''' ({{lang-grc|Ἰλλυρία}} or {{lang|grc|Ἰλλυρίς}},<ref>Polybius. ''Histories'', [http://old.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0233:book=1:chapter=13 1.13.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426171426/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0233:book=1:chapter=13&redirect=true |date=2012-04-26 }}.</ref> {{lang-la|Illyria}},<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Charlton T.|last2=Short|first2=Charles|title=A Latin Dictionary|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2321597|chapter=Illyria}}</ref> see an aa ''[[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]])'' wis a region in the wastren pairt o the [[Balkan Peninsula]] inhabitit bi the [[Illyrians]]. The [[Prehistoric Balkans|prehistory]] o Illyria an the Illyrians is kent frae archaeological evidence. The [[Roman Republic|Romans]] conquered the region in 168 BC in the eftermath o the [[Illyrian Wars]]. "Illyria" is thus a designation o a roughly defined region o the wastren Balkans as seen frae a Roman perspective, juist as [[Magna Germania]] is a rough geographic term nae delineatit bi ony lingueestic or ethnic unity. The term ''Illyris'' is sometimes uised tae define an aurie (nou in modren [[Albanie]]) north o the [[Aous]] valley such as [[Illyris Graeca]].<ref>{{harvnb|Boardman|1982|p=623}}.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Illyria| ]] [[Category:Auncient Greece]] [[Category:History o Greece]] [[Category:History o Albanie]] [[Category:Modren history o Slovenie]] [[Category:History o Dalmatie]] [[Category:History o Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] [[Category:Auncient tribes in Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] [[Category:History o Montenegro]] fg2wqbhrfbppewx62abo7ffly13nff4 1980 Simmer Olympics 0 66972 920406 902568 2026-08-02T21:58:35Z CommonsDelinker 411 Removin' "Emblem_of_the_1980_Summer_Olympics.svg", it haes bin deletit frum Commons by [[commons:User:Yann|Yann]] coz: per [[:c:COM:NETCOPYVIO|]]. 920406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Olympic games|1980|Summer |Name=Gemmes o the XXII Olympiad<br>Летние Олимпийские игры 1980 |Logo= |Size=130 |Optional caption=Emblem o the gemmes |host_city=Moscow, U.S.S.R. |Nations participating=80<ref name=IOC>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Summer/Moscow-1980/ |title=Moscow 1980 |publisher=Olympic.org |accessdate=8 August 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805094303/http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Summer/Moscow-1980/ |archivedate=2010-08-05 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}</ref> |Athletes participating=5,179<br>(4,064 men, 1,115 weemen)<ref name=IOC/> |events=203 in 21 sports |opening_ceremony=19 Julie 1980 |closing_ceremony=3 August 1980 |Officially opened by=[[Leet o heids o state o the Soviet Union|Chairman o the Supreme Soviet]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]] |Athlete's Oath=[[Nikolai Andrianov|Nikolay Andrianov]] |Judge's Oath=[[Alexander Medved|Aleksandr Medved]] |Olympic Torch=[[Sergei Belov]] |Stadium=[[Luzhniki Stadium|Vladimir Lenin Grand Olympic Stadium]] | }} The '''1980 Simmer Olympics''', offeecially kent as the '''Gemmes o the XXII Olympiad''', wis an internaitional [[multi-sport event]] celebratit in [[Moscow]] in the [[Soviet Union]]. In addeetion, the [[yachtin]] events wur held in [[Tallinn]], an some o the preliminary matches an the quarter-finals o the [[Association fitbaa|fitbaa]] tournament wur held in [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Kiev]], an [[Minsk]]. The 1980 Gemmes wur the first tae be staged in Eastren Europe. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Olympic Gemmes}} {{Commons category|1980 Summer Olympics}} [[Category:1980 Simmer Olympics| ]] [[Category:Olympic Gemmes in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Sport in Moscow]] [[Category:Sports festivals in the Soviet Union|O]] [[Category:1980 in Soviet sport]] [[Category:20t century in Moscow]] 3036ije2hfmgdmtqipo9edpe00j91sp Percy Sledge 0 91569 920391 591393 2026-08-02T20:10:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 920391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Percy Sledge Alabama Music Hall of Fame (cropped).jpg|thumb|Percy Sledge Alabama Muisic Hall o Fame (croppit)]] '''Percy Sledge''' (25 November 1940 &ndash; 14 Aprile 2015) wis an [[American]] [[R&B]] [[sangster]]. He wis born in [[Leighton, Alabama|Leighton]], [[Alabama]]. He wis best kent for his sang "When a Man Loves a Woman". Sledge deit o [[liver cancer]] in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], agit 74.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/arts/music/percy-sledge-who-sang-when-a-man-loves-a-woman-dies-at-74.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0|title=Percy Sledge, Who Sang 'When a Man Loves a Woman', Dies at 74|publisher=[[New York Times]].com|accessdate=April 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Tom|title=Muscle Shoals music icon Percy Sledge dies|url=http://www.timesdaily.com/news/local/muscle-shoals-music-icon-percy-sledge-dies/article_b245a249-176b-57e6-b4a2-5fc97c142f00.html|work=Times Daily|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commonscat-inline}} *{{IMDb name|id=1429510|name=Percy Sledge}} *[http://www.discogs.com/artist/Percy+Sledge Percy Sledge] at [[Discogs]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sledge, Percy}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:2015 daiths]] [[Category:Daiths frae liver cancer]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Alabama]] pe2aeevy6hpu69n5uub375y4dhorcqa 920392 920391 2026-08-02T20:12:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Percy Sledge Alabama Music Hall of Fame (cropped).jpg|thumb|Percy Sledge Alabama Muisic Hall o Fame (croppit)]] '''Percy Sledge''' (25 November 1940 &ndash; 14 Aprile 2015) wis an American [[R&B]] sangster. He wis born in [[Leighton, Alabama|Leighton]], [[Alabama]]. He wis best kent fur his sang "When a Man Loves a Woman". Sledge dee'd o [[liver cancer]] in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], aged 74.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/arts/music/percy-sledge-who-sang-when-a-man-loves-a-woman-dies-at-74.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0|title=Percy Sledge, Who Sang 'When a Man Loves a Woman', Dies at 74|publisher=[[New York Times]].com|accessdate=April 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Tom|title=Muscle Shoals music icon Percy Sledge dies|url=http://www.timesdaily.com/news/local/muscle-shoals-music-icon-percy-sledge-dies/article_b245a249-176b-57e6-b4a2-5fc97c142f00.html|work=Times Daily|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commonscat-inline}} *{{IMDb name|id=1429510|name=Percy Sledge}} *[http://www.discogs.com/artist/Percy+Sledge Percy Sledge] at [[Discogs]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sledge, Percy}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:2015 daiths]] [[Category:Daiths frae liver cancer]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Alabama]] 44kk8xs7iluz0w458pztlgddrhf3k9m Jimi Hendrix 0 167545 920393 815634 2026-08-02T20:13:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 920393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Jimi Hendrix 1967.png | alt = | caption = Hendrix performin on the Dutch televeesion shaw ''[[Hoepla]]'' in 1967 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Johnny Allen Hendrix | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Seattle]], Washington, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1970|9|18|1942|11|27}} | death_place = [[Kensington]], Lunnon, UK | genre = {{hlist|[[Rock muisic|Rock]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[haurd rock]]|[[blues]]|[[rhythm an blues|R&B]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Guitarist|sangster|sangwriter|producer}} | instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|vocals}} | years_active = 1963–1970 | label = {{hlist|[[Track Records|Track]]|[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]|[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|[[MCA Records|MCA]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Jimmy James and the Blue Flames]]|[[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]]|[[Band of Gypsys]]}} | website = {{URL|jimihendrix.com}} | notable_instruments = {{unbulleted list|[[Fender Stratocaster]]|[[Gibson Flying V]]}} }} '''James Marshall''' "'''Jimi'''" '''Hendrix''' (born '''Johnny Allen Hendrix'''; 27 November 1942 – 18 September 1970) wis an American rock guitarist, sangster, an sangwriter. Awtho his mainstream career spanned anerly fower year, he is widely regairdit as ane o the maist influential electric guitarists in the history o popular muisic, an ane o the maist celebratit muisickers o the 20t century. == Albums == === The Jimi Hendrix Experience === * Are You Experienced (1967) * Axis: Bold as Love (1967) * Electric Ladyland (1968) === Jimi Hendrix/Band of Gypsys === * Band of Gypsys (1970) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hendrix, Jimi}} [[Category:Jimi Hendrix| ]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:1970 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:20t-century American guitarists]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Lunnon]] [[Category:African-American guitarists]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Alcohol-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:American blues guitarists]] [[Category:American blues sangsters]] [[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:American male guitarists]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rock guitarists]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:Band of Gypsys members]] [[Category:Blues rock muisickers]] [[Category:Buirials in Washington (state)]] [[Category:Coontercultur o the 1960s]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:Lead guitarists]] [[Category:Militar brats]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Renton, Washington]] [[Category:Psychedelic rock muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:The Jimi Hendrix Experience members]] [[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]] [[Category:African-American militar personnel]] [[Category:Guitarists frae Washington (state)]] grzhkvw292mdc5xek5w60f12c7vv87w 920394 920393 2026-08-02T20:14:37Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Jimi Hendrix 1967.png | alt = | caption = Hendrix performin on the Dutch televeesion shaw ''[[Hoepla]]'' in 1967 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Johnny Allen Hendrix | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Seattle]], Washington, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1970|9|18|1942|11|27}} | death_place = [[Kensington]], Lunnon, UK | genre = {{hlist|[[Rock muisic|Rock]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[haurd rock]]|[[blues]]|[[rhythm an blues|R&B]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Guitarist|sangster|sangwriter|producer}} | instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|vocals}} | years_active = 1963–1970 | label = {{hlist|[[Track Records|Track]]|[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]|[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|[[MCA Records|MCA]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Jimmy James and the Blue Flames]]|[[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]]|[[Band of Gypsys]]}} | website = {{URL|jimihendrix.com}} | notable_instruments = {{unbulleted list|[[Fender Stratocaster]]|[[Gibson Flying V]]}} }} '''James Marshall''' "'''Jimi'''" '''Hendrix''' (born '''Johnny Allen Hendrix'''; 27 November 1942 – 18 September 1970) wis an American rock guitarist, sangster, an sangwriter. Awtho his mainstream career spanned anerly fower year, he is widely regairdit as ane o the maist influential electric guitarists in the history o popular muisic, an ane o the maist celebratit muisickers o the 20t century. == Albums == === The Jimi Hendrix Experience === * ''Are You Experienced'' (1967) * ''Axis: Bold as Love'' (1967) * ''Electric Ladyland'' (1968) === Jimi Hendrix/Band of Gypsys === * ''Band of Gypsys'' (1970) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hendrix, Jimi}} [[Category:Jimi Hendrix| ]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:1970 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:20t-century American guitarists]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Lunnon]] [[Category:African-American guitarists]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Alcohol-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:American blues guitarists]] [[Category:American blues sangsters]] [[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:American male guitarists]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rock guitarists]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:Band of Gypsys members]] [[Category:Blues rock muisickers]] [[Category:Buirials in Washington (state)]] [[Category:Coontercultur o the 1960s]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:Lead guitarists]] [[Category:Militar brats]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Renton, Washington]] [[Category:Psychedelic rock muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:The Jimi Hendrix Experience members]] [[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]] [[Category:African-American militar personnel]] [[Category:Guitarists frae Washington (state)]] 4c4ku8enmvmri4utl6nag04hegh0zlt 920395 920394 2026-08-02T20:15:18Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | image = Jimi Hendrix 1967.png | alt = | caption = Hendrix performin on the Dutch televeesion shaw ''[[Hoepla]]'' in 1967 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Johnny Allen Hendrix | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Seattle]], Washington, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1970|9|18|1942|11|27}} | death_place = [[Kensington]], Lunnon, UK | genre = {{hlist|[[Rock muisic|Rock]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[haurd rock]]|[[blues]]|[[rhythm an blues|R&B]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Guitarist|sangster|sangwriter|producer}} | instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|vocals}} | years_active = 1963–1970 | label = {{hlist|[[Track Records|Track]]|[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]|[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|[[MCA Records|MCA]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Jimmy James and the Blue Flames]]|[[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]]|[[Band of Gypsys]]}} | website = {{URL|jimihendrix.com}} | notable_instruments = {{unbulleted list|[[Fender Stratocaster]]|[[Gibson Flying V]]}} }} '''James Marshall''' "'''Jimi'''" '''Hendrix''' (born '''Johnny Allen Hendrix'''; 27 November 1942 – 18 September 1970) wis an American rock guitarist, sangster, an sangwriter. Awtho his mainstream career spanned anerly fower year, he is widely regairdit as ane o the maist influential electric guitarists in the history o popular muisic, an ane o the maist celebratit muisickers o the 20t century. == Albums == === The Jimi Hendrix Experience === * ''Are You Experienced'' (1967) * ''Axis: Bold as Love'' (1967) * ''Electric Ladyland'' (1968) === Jimi Hendrix/Band of Gypsys === * ''Band of Gypsys'' (1970) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hendrix, Jimi}} [[Category:Jimi Hendrix| ]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:1970 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:20t-century American guitarists]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Lunnon]] [[Category:African-American guitarists]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Alcohol-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:American blues guitarists]] [[Category:American blues sangsters]] [[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:American male guitarists]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rock guitarists]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:Band of Gypsys members]] [[Category:Blues rock muisickers]] [[Category:Buirials in Washington (state)]] [[Category:Coontercultur o the 1960s]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:Lead guitarists]] [[Category:Militar brats]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Renton, Washington]] [[Category:Psychedelic rock muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:The Jimi Hendrix Experience members]] [[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]] [[Category:African-American militar personnel]] [[Category:Guitarists frae Washington (state)]] dg3yg9lfsmy3td5ulobaavk2xns3rzq 920396 920395 2026-08-02T20:16:17Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | image = Jimi Hendrix 1967.png | caption = Hendrix performin on the Dutch telly programme ''[[Hoepla]]'' in 1967 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Johnny Allen Hendrix | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Seattle]], Washington, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1970|9|18|1942|11|27}} | death_place = [[Kensington]], Lunnon, UK | genre = {{hlist|[[Rock muisic|Rock]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[haurd rock]]|[[blues]]|[[rhythm an blues|R&B]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Guitarist|sangster|sangwriter|producer}} | instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|vocals}} | years_active = 1963–1970 | label = {{hlist|[[Track Records|Track]]|[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]|[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|[[MCA Records|MCA]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Jimmy James and the Blue Flames]]|[[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]]|[[Band of Gypsys]]}} | website = {{URL|jimihendrix.com}} | notable_instruments = {{unbulleted list|[[Fender Stratocaster]]|[[Gibson Flying V]]}} }} '''James Marshall''' "'''Jimi'''" '''Hendrix''' (born '''Johnny Allen Hendrix'''; 27 November 1942 – 18 September 1970) wis an American rock guitarist, sangster, an sangwriter. Awtho his mainstream career spanned anerly fower year, he is widely regairdit as ane o the maist influential electric guitarists in the history o popular muisic, an ane o the maist celebratit muisickers o the 20t century. == Albums == === The Jimi Hendrix Experience === * ''Are You Experienced'' (1967) * ''Axis: Bold as Love'' (1967) * ''Electric Ladyland'' (1968) === Jimi Hendrix/Band of Gypsys === * ''Band of Gypsys'' (1970) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hendrix, Jimi}} [[Category:Jimi Hendrix| ]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:1970 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:20t-century American guitarists]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Lunnon]] [[Category:African-American guitarists]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Alcohol-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:American blues guitarists]] [[Category:American blues sangsters]] [[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:American male guitarists]] [[Category:American male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rock guitarists]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:Band of Gypsys members]] [[Category:Blues rock muisickers]] [[Category:Buirials in Washington (state)]] [[Category:Coontercultur o the 1960s]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:Lead guitarists]] [[Category:Militar brats]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Renton, Washington]] [[Category:Psychedelic rock muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:The Jimi Hendrix Experience members]] [[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]] [[Category:African-American militar personnel]] [[Category:Guitarists frae Washington (state)]] 3oougx1yqx4a7opiuarb5aldc0fmme0 Bamff Castle 0 172131 920407 870877 2026-08-02T22:59:46Z DrochaidUaine 119455 Stendit oot airticle. Owerset fae [[en: Banff Castle]] 920407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militar installation|name=Bamff Castle|location=[[Bamff]], [[Aiberdeenshire]]|image2=[[File:Banff Castle - geograph.org.uk - 3352484.jpg|Banff Castle - geograph.org.uk - 3352484|150px]]|caption2=[[Bamff Castle]], Category A listit biggin|coordinates=57.6664° N, 2.5228° W|country=[[Scotland]]|built=12t yeirhunner}} '''Bamff Castle''' is a ruint ryal castle locatit near [[Bamff]],[[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/18455/details/banff+castle+street+banff+castle+and+old+castle/ |title=Banff Castle |publisher=[[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]] |work=[[CANMORE]] }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == History == It wis biggit as a motte an bailey castle in the 12t yeirhunner an haudit bi the Comyns, Earl o Buchan. The castle wis visitit bi [[Edward I o Ingland|King Edward I o Ingland]] in 1296 an in 1298 an aa, efter defeatin [[William Wallace]] at the [[Battle o Fawkirk]] durin the [[Wars o Scots Unthirldom]]. The castle wis garrisoned wi Inglis sodgers til bein capturt bi the Scots in 1310. It came intae the haunds o the Sharps, afore bein selt tae Lord Ogilvy o Deskford in 1722. Efterwart, the castle wis gied tae the Russells. The auld castle wis knockit doon an a mansion hoose designed bi [[Airchitectur|architect]] John Adam wis biggit in 1750. The remains o the auld castle are a scheduled monument.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM2927|desc=Banff Castle|access-date= 2 August 2026}}</ref> == The hoose the day == The hoose is a Category A listit biggin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banff Castle including flanki... {{!}} Designation {{!}} trove.scot|url=https://www.trove.scot/designation/LB21957|access-date=2026-08-02|website=www.trove.scot|language=en}}</ref> It gits uised as a commonity an airts venue fur the toun o Bamff an the surroundin airts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grady|first=Emma|last2=Bibby|first2=Gemma|last3=Thomson|first3=Kami|date=2025-08-31|title=Gallery: Banff Castle Rocks returns with star-studded line-up|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/6835892/gallery-banff-castle-rocks-returns-to-banff-castle-this-saturday-photo-gallery/|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Press and Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Awale|first=Ambarish|date=2025-08-25|title=Historic castle to host Best of Scotland music show|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/scotland-now/historic-castle-host-best-scotland-35788750|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|57.6666|-2.5224|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Aiberdeenshire]] [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Aiberdeenshire]] [[Category:Leetit castles in Scotland]] [[Category:Banff, Aiberdeenshire]] cvq9gg6hu5zsr1qn1u0cxmmwcr8wm2s Dawhoosie Castle 0 180859 920403 786913 2026-08-02T21:13:45Z DrochaidUaine 119455 Stendit oot airticle. Owerset fae [[en: Dalhousie Castle]] 920403 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dalhousie Castle 350.jpg|thumb|Wast front o Dawhoosie Castle]] '''Dawhoosie Castle''' is a [[castle]] in [[Cockpen, Midlowden|Cockpen pairish]], [[Midlowden]], [[Scotland]]. Dawhoosie Castle is situatit near the toun o [[Bonnyrigg]], 8 mile (13&nbsp;km) sooth o [[Edinburgh]]. The castle wis the seat o the [[Yerl o Dawhoosie|Earls o Dawhoosie]], the chieftains o [[Clan Ramsay]]. == History == The patriarch o the clan wis Simundus de Ramesie (Simon of Ramsey), an Inglis knight o Norman descent fae the Huntingdonshire pairish o Ramsey. Simundus, a vassal of David, Earl o Huntingdon, follaed his lord tae Scotland in aboot 1140, whan David inheritit the Scots croun. He is considert the foonder o the Ramsay clan an the furst tae awn lands at Dalwolsey. The furst castle at Dawhoosie wis biggit bi him. The reid stane castle is situatit in a strategic spot leukin ower the [[River Esk, Lowden|River Esk]]. The drum touer, the auldest pairt o the structur aye staundin, an L Plan Castle, is fae the 15t yearhunner. The feck o the current castle dates tae the 17t yearhunner. Thare wis a dry moat surroondin the castle tae stairt wi. The moat wis later fillt in but pairtially excavatit in the late 20t yearhunner. [[Edward I o Ingland|King Edward I]] (Longshanks) bided at the castle on his wey tae meet [[William Wallace|Sir William Wallace]] at the [[Battle o Fawkirk]]. In 1400, Sir Alexander Ramsay wis pit unner a sax-month siege at Dawhoosie bi Inglis sodgers led bi [[King Henry IV]] hooiver Ramsay saw thaim aff. [[Oliver Cromwell]] uised the castle as a base fur his invasion o Scotland. Monie Earls o Dalhousie hae taen an active pairt in British political an militar leadership. In aboot 1800, Walter Nicol designed the new layoot o the wawed gairden. At the stairt o the 20t yearhunner, the seat o Clan Ramsay wis shiftit tae Brechin Castle, awtho the Ramsay faimily kept awnin the castle til 1977. At the time it wis selt, Dawhoosie haed been in the same faimily fur mair nor aicht yearhunners, langer nor ony ither castle in Scotland. Aw throu the 20t yearhunner, the castle wis leased oot tae monie tenants, includin a boardin schuil. In 1972, the castle wis chynged intae a hotel. In 2003, Dawhoosie Castle wis bocht oot bi the Von Essen Hotels company fur a reportit price o £10 million. On 26 Juin 2004, a lairge fire eruptit in the castle's ruif area. The biggin wis evacuatit an the Lothian an Borders Fire Brigade war cawed tae attend the blaze. The damage wis significant but limitit tae a puckle smaw areas of the biggin, an wisnae owerly damaged. The damage wis mendit an the hotel resumed normal operations.<ref>"Escape" supplement, Sunday Telegraph, 16 August 2009, p.10</ref> In Aprile 2011, Von Essen Hotels wid faw intae administration, an the hotel wis available wi a guidit price o £7.5 million. In Mairch 2012, it wis annoonced that Robert Parker, awner o Doxford House, Eshott Hall an Guyzance Hall in Northumberland, haed bocht oot Dawhoosie Castle fur a sum nae disclosed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-09|title=Former vicar buys haunted Dalhousie castle for knockdown £5m|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/former-vicar-buys-haunted-dalhousie-castle-for-knockdown-ps5m-1639963|access-date=2026-08-02|website=The Scotsman|language=en}}</ref> <gallery> Image:Dalhousie Castle.jpg|Fae the hillside File:Dalhousie Castle 353.jpg|Fae the rear File:Dalhousie Castle from the side.jpg|Dawhoosie Castle Midlowden </gallery> == References == {{reflist}}{{coord|55|51|37.89|N|3|4|55.85|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Midlowden]] [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Midlowden]] [[Category:Leetit castles in Scotland]] [[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]] [[Category:Clan Ramsay]] tnerrc2eemxsvt5e7vxd33769kuwmgk 920404 920403 2026-08-02T21:15:51Z DrochaidUaine 119455 920404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dalhousie Castle 350.jpg|thumb|Wast front o Dawhoosie Castle]] '''Dawhoosie Castle''' is a [[castle]] in [[Cockpen, Midlowden|Cockpen pairish]], [[Midlowden]], [[Scotland]]. Dawhoosie Castle is situatit near the toun o [[Bonnyrigg]], 8 mile (13&nbsp;km) sooth o [[Edinburgh]]. The castle wis the seat o the [[Yerl o Dawhoosie|Earls o Dawhoosie]], the chieftains o [[Clan Ramsay]]. == History == The patriarch o the clan wis Simundus de Ramesie (Simon o Ramsey), an Inglis knight o Norman descent fae the Huntingdonshire pairish o Ramsey. Simundus, a vassal o David, Earl o Huntingdon, follaed his lord tae Scotland in aboot 1140, whan David inheritit the Scots croun. He is considert the foonder o the Ramsay clan an the furst tae awn lands at Dalwolsey. The furst castle at Dawhoosie wis biggit bi him. The reid stane castle is situatit in a strategic spot leukin ower the [[River Esk, Lowden|River Esk]]. The drum touer, the auldest pairt o the structur aye staundin, an L Plan Castle, is fae the 15t yearhunner. The feck o the current castle dates tae the 17t yearhunner. Thare wis a dry moat surroondin the castle tae stairt wi, hooiver this moat wis later fillt in but pairtially excavatit in the late 20t yearhunner. [[Edward I o Ingland|King Edward I]] (Longshanks) bided at the castle on his wey tae meet [[William Wallace|Sir William Wallace]] at the [[Battle o Fawkirk]]. In 1400, Sir Alexander Ramsay wis pit unner a sax-month siege at Dawhoosie bi Inglis sodgers led bi [[King Henry IV]] hooiver Ramsay saw thaim aff. [[Oliver Cromwell]] uised the castle as a base fur his invasion o Scotland. Monie Earls o Dalhousie hae taen an active pairt in British political an militar leadership. In aboot 1800, Walter Nicol designed the new layoot o the wawed gairden. At the stairt o the 20t yearhunner, the seat o Clan Ramsay wis shiftit tae Brechin Castle, awtho the Ramsay faimily kept awnin the castle til 1977. At the time it wis selt, Dawhoosie haed been in the same faimily fur mair nor aicht yearhunners, langer nor ony ither castle in Scotland. Aw throu the 20t yearhunner, the castle wis leased oot tae monie tenants, includin a boardin schuil. In 1972, the castle wis chynged intae a hotel. In 2003, Dawhoosie Castle wis bocht oot bi the Von Essen Hotels company fur a reportit price o £10 million. On 26 Juin 2004, a lairge fire eruptit in the castle's ruif area. The biggin wis evacuatit an the Lothian an Borders Fire Brigade war cawed tae attend the blaze. The damage wis significant but limitit tae a puckle smaw areas of the biggin, an wisnae owerly damaged. The damage wis mendit an the hotel resumed normal operations.<ref>"Escape" supplement, Sunday Telegraph, 16 August 2009, p.10</ref> In Aprile 2011, Von Essen Hotels wid faw intae administration, an the hotel wis available wi a guidit price o £7.5 million. In Mairch 2012, it wis annoonced that Robert Parker, awner o Doxford House, Eshott Hall an Guyzance Hall in Northumberland, haed bocht oot Dawhoosie Castle fur a sum nae disclosed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-09|title=Former vicar buys haunted Dalhousie castle for knockdown £5m|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/former-vicar-buys-haunted-dalhousie-castle-for-knockdown-ps5m-1639963|access-date=2026-08-02|website=The Scotsman|language=en}}</ref> <gallery> Image:Dalhousie Castle.jpg|Fae the hillside File:Dalhousie Castle 353.jpg|Fae the rear File:Dalhousie Castle from the side.jpg|Dawhoosie Castle Midlowden </gallery> == References == {{reflist}}{{coord|55|51|37.89|N|3|4|55.85|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Midlowden]] [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Midlowden]] [[Category:Leetit castles in Scotland]] [[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]] [[Category:Clan Ramsay]] ojh81vibe5tmg8w8wqhogxj9zs1yccj 920405 920404 2026-08-02T21:25:33Z DrochaidUaine 119455 920405 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dalhousie Castle 350.jpg|thumb|Wast front o Dawhoosie Castle]] '''Dawhoosie Castle''' is a [[castle]] in [[Cockpen, Midlowden|Cockpen pairish]], [[Midlowden]], [[Scotland]]. Dawhoosie Castle is situatit near the toun o [[Bonnyrigg]], 8 mile (13&nbsp;km) sooth o [[Edinburgh]]. The castle wis the seat o the [[Yerl o Dawhoosie|Earls o Dawhoosie]], the chieftains o [[Clan Ramsay]]. == History == The patriarch o the clan wis Simundus de Ramesie (Simon o Ramsey), an Inglis knight o Norman descent fae the Huntingdonshire pairish o Ramsey. Simundus, a vassal o David, Earl o Huntingdon, follaed his lord tae Scotland in aboot 1140, whan David inheritit the Scots croun. He is considert the foonder o the Ramsay clan an the furst tae awn lands at Dalwolsey. The furst castle at Dawhoosie wis biggit bi him. The reid stane castle is situatit in a strategic spot leukin ower the [[River Esk, Lowden|River Esk]]. The drum touer, the auldest pairt o the structur aye staundin, an L Plan Castle, is fae the 15t yearhunner. The feck o the current castle dates tae the 17t yearhunner. Thare wis a dry moat surroondin the castle tae stairt wi, hooiver this moat wis later fillt in but pairtially excavatit in the late 20t yearhunner. [[Edward I o Ingland|King Edward I]] (Longshanks) bided at the castle on his wey tae meet [[William Wallace|Sir William Wallace]] at the [[Battle o Fawkirk]]. In 1400, Sir Alexander Ramsay wis pit unner a sax-month siege at Dawhoosie bi Inglis sodgers led bi [[King Henry IV]] hooiver Ramsay saw thaim aff. [[Oliver Cromwell]] uised the castle as a base fur his invasion o Scotland. Monie Earls o Dalhousie hae taen an active pairt in British political an militar leadership. In aboot 1800, Walter Nicol designed the new layoot o the wawed gairden. At the stairt o the 20t yearhunner, the seat o Clan Ramsay wis shiftit tae Brechin Castle, awtho the Ramsay faimily kept awnin the castle til 1977. At the time it wis selt, Dawhoosie haed been in the same faimily fur mair nor aicht yearhunners, langer nor ony ither castle in Scotland. Aw throu the 20t yearhunner, the castle wis leased oot tae monie tenants, includin a boardin schuil. In 1972, the castle wis chynged intae a hotel. In 2003, Dawhoosie Castle wis bocht oot bi the Von Essen Hotels company fur a reportit price o £10 million. On 26 Juin 2004, a lairge fire eruptit in the castle's ruif area. The biggin wis evacuatit an the Lothian an Borders Fire Brigade war cawed tae attend the blaze. The damage wis significant but limitit tae a puckle smaw areas of the biggin, an the structur wisnae owerly damaged. The damage wis mendit an the hotel resumed normal operations.<ref>"Escape" supplement, Sunday Telegraph, 16 August 2009, p.10</ref> In Aprile 2011, Von Essen Hotels wid faw intae administration, an the hotel wis available wi a guidit price o £7.5 million. In Mairch 2012, it wis annoonced that Robert Parker, awner o Doxford House, Eshott Hall an Guyzance Hall in Northumberland, haed bocht oot Dawhoosie Castle fur a sum nae disclosed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-09|title=Former vicar buys haunted Dalhousie castle for knockdown £5m|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/former-vicar-buys-haunted-dalhousie-castle-for-knockdown-ps5m-1639963|access-date=2026-08-02|website=The Scotsman|language=en}}</ref> <gallery> Image:Dalhousie Castle.jpg|Fae the hillside File:Dalhousie Castle 353.jpg|Fae the rear File:Dalhousie Castle from the side.jpg|Dawhoosie Castle Midlowden </gallery> == References == {{reflist}}{{coord|55|51|37.89|N|3|4|55.85|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Midlowden]] [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Midlowden]] [[Category:Leetit castles in Scotland]] [[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]] [[Category:Clan Ramsay]] 1o5r3y46c004l2f5c3jqhvkfenxyitf 920423 920405 2026-08-03T10:33:42Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 mendit scots. Owerset taen frae [[:en:Dalhousie Castle]] 920423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dalhousie Castle 350.jpg|thumb|Wast foreside o Dawhoosie Castle]] '''Dawhoosie Castle''' is a [[castle]] in [[Cockpen, Midlowden|Cockpen pairish]], [[Midlowden]], [[Scotland]]. Dawhoosie Castle is situate near the toun o [[Bonnyrigg]], 8 mile (13&nbsp;km) sooth o [[Edinburgh]]. The castle wis the seat o the [[Yerl o Dawhoosie|Earls o Dawhoosie]], the chieftains o [[Clan Ramsay]]. == History == The guidman o the clan wis Simundus de Ramesie (Simon o Ramsey), an English knicht wi Norman ruits frae the Huntingdonshire pairish o Ramsey. Simundus, a vassal o Dauvit, Earl o Huntingdon, follaed his laird tae Scotland in aboot 1140, whan David heired the Scots croun. He is considert the foonder o the Ramsay clan an the first tae awn lands at Dalwolsey. The first castle at Dawhoosie wis biggit bi him. The reid stane castle is situate in a strategic spat owerleukin the [[River Esk, Lowden|River Esk]]. The drum touer, the auldest pairt o the praisent structur, an L Plan Castle, dates back tae the 15t century. The feck o the praisent castle dates back tae the 17t century. There wis originally a dry foussie boorachin roond the castle. The foussie wis filled in efter a whilikie, but pairtially howked in the late 20t century. [[Edward I o Ingland|King Edward I]] (Longshanks) bided at the castle on his wey tae meet [[William Wallace|Sir William Wallace]] at the [[Battle o Fawkirk|Stour o Fawkirk]]. In 1400, Sir Alexander Ramsay gainstuid a sax-month siege at Dawhoosie bi English sodgers heidit bi [[King Henry IV]]. [[Oliver Cromwell]] yaised the castle as a base fur his invasion o Scotland. Monie Earls o Dawhousie hae taen an active pairt in British political an militar guideship. Roon aboot 1800, Walter Nicol designed the new ootset o the wawed gairden. At the stairt o the 20t century, the seat o Clan Ramsay wis shiftit tae Brechin Castle; houaniver, the Ramsay faimily continued tae keep the castle in their aucht ontil 1977. At the time o the sale, Dawhoosie haed been in the same faimily fur mae nor echt centuries, langer nor ony ither castle in Scotland. Aw throu the 20t century, the castle wis setten tae a series o tacksmen, amang thaim a boardin schuil. In 1972, the castle wis convertit intae a hotel. In 2003, Dawhoosie Castle wis coff'd wi the Von Essen Hotels company fur a reportit price o £10 million. On 26 Juin 2004, a muckle blaze eruptit in the castle's ruif area. The biggin wis evacuate an the Lowden an Borders Butts war cawed tae slocken the blaze. The skaith wis significant but stentit tae an affeirin smaw pairt of the biggin, an the structur wisnae owerly skaithed. The skaith wis mendit an the hotel cairried on wi normal operations again.<ref>"Escape" supplement, Sunday Telegraph, 16 August 2009, p.10</ref> In Aprile 2011, Von Essen Hotels fell intae admeinistration, an the hotel wis up for sale wi a guide price o £7.5 million. In Mairch 2012, it wis made kent that Robert Parker, awner o Doxford House, Eshott Haw an Guyzance Haw in Northumberland, haed coff'd Dawhoosie Castle fur a soum that wisnae latten dab.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-09|title=Former vicar buys haunted Dalhousie castle for knockdown £5m|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/former-vicar-buys-haunted-dalhousie-castle-for-knockdown-ps5m-1639963|access-date=2026-08-02|website=The Scotsman|language=en}}</ref> <gallery> Image:Dalhousie Castle.jpg|Frae the braeside File:Dalhousie Castle 353.jpg|Frae the hint-side File:Dalhousie Castle from the side.jpg|Dawhoosie Castle, Midlowden </gallery> == References == {{reflist}}{{coord|55|51|37.89|N|3|4|55.85|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Midlowden]] [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Midlowden]] [[Category:Leetit castles in Scotland]] [[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]] [[Category:Clan Ramsay]] 906m2dyfx4ykqg6ybqbz3ryysb057jy Duffy (sangster) 0 196258 920398 729659 2026-08-02T20:18:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Duffy | image = Duffy 2010 erdoedy.jpg | caption = Duffy in 2010 | image_size = | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Amie Ann Duffy | alias = Duffy | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|6|23}} | birth_place = [[Bangor, Wales]] <ref>https://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/united-kingdom-records-in-birth-marriage-death-and-parish-records?lastname=duffy&keywordsplace=bangorutf002c%20caernarvonshireutf002c%20wales&yearofbirth=1984&yearofbirth_offset=2&firstname=amie%20ann&firstname_variants=true</ref> | instrument = Vocals | genre = {{hlist|[[Soul muisic|Soul]]|[[blue-eed soul]]<ref>{{Cite news | author=Geoghegan, Kev | title=Duffy Defends Blue-eyed Soul | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/hi/music/newsid_7342000/7342154.stm |publisher=BBC Radio 1 | date=11 April 2008 | accessdate=10 April 2009}}</ref>|[[neo soul]]|[[pop music|pop]]|[[pop rock]]|[[blues]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|actress}} | years_active = 2004–present {{small|(on hiatus)}}<ref name="walesonline.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2011/02/22/duffy-to-take-a-break-from-the-music-business-91466-28210069/|title=Duffy to take a break from the music business|work=walesonline|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref> | label = {{hlist|[[A&M Records|A&M]]|[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmg.com/category/music/artists/?snap=D |title=Artists &#124; BMG Music Rights Management |publisher=Bmg.com |date=15 September 2013 |accessdate=30 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120125937/http://www.bmg.com/category/music/artists/?snap=D |archivedate=20 November 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>}} | associated_acts = [[Bernard Butler]] | website = {{URL|iamduffy.com}} }} '''Duffy''' (born 23 Juin 1984 as '''Amie Ann Duffy''') is a Welsh sangster, sangwriter an actress. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Duffy}} [[Category:Duffy (sangster)]] [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Welsh-speakin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Chester]] [[Category:Brit Awaird winners]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish sangsters]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]] [[Category:Welsh fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Welsh female sangsters]] [[Category:Welsh sangsters]] [[Category:sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Welsh actresses]] [[Category:Welsh actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at College Merion-Dwyfor]] [[Category:Fowk frae Gwynedd]] [[Category:Neo soul sangsters]] [[Category:A&M Records airtists]] [[Category:21st-century weemen sangsters]] [[Category:Film actresses]] [[Category:Welsh writers]] ee4aywk6n8h0b0b02khnjfkexkk6e6e 920399 920398 2026-08-02T20:18:57Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Duffy | image = Duffy 2010 erdoedy.jpg | caption = Duffy in 2010 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Amie Ann Duffy | alias = Duffy | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|6|23}} | birth_place = [[Bangor, Wales]] <ref>https://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/united-kingdom-records-in-birth-marriage-death-and-parish-records?lastname=duffy&keywordsplace=bangorutf002c%20caernarvonshireutf002c%20wales&yearofbirth=1984&yearofbirth_offset=2&firstname=amie%20ann&firstname_variants=true</ref> | instrument = Vocals | genre = {{hlist|[[Soul muisic|Soul]]|[[blue-eed soul]]<ref>{{Cite news | author=Geoghegan, Kev | title=Duffy Defends Blue-eyed Soul | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/hi/music/newsid_7342000/7342154.stm |publisher=BBC Radio 1 | date=11 April 2008 | accessdate=10 April 2009}}</ref>|[[neo soul]]|[[pop music|pop]]|[[pop rock]]|[[blues]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|actress}} | years_active = 2004–present {{small|(on hiatus)}}<ref name="walesonline.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2011/02/22/duffy-to-take-a-break-from-the-music-business-91466-28210069/|title=Duffy to take a break from the music business|work=walesonline|accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref> | label = {{hlist|[[A&M Records|A&M]]|[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmg.com/category/music/artists/?snap=D |title=Artists &#124; BMG Music Rights Management |publisher=Bmg.com |date=15 September 2013 |accessdate=30 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120125937/http://www.bmg.com/category/music/artists/?snap=D |archivedate=20 November 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>}} | associated_acts = [[Bernard Butler]] | website = {{URL|iamduffy.com}} }} '''Duffy''' (born 23 Juin 1984 as '''Amie Ann Duffy''') is a Welsh sangster, sangwriter an actress. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Duffy}} [[Category:Duffy (sangster)]] [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Welsh-speakin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Chester]] [[Category:Brit Awaird winners]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish sangsters]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]] [[Category:Welsh fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Welsh female sangsters]] [[Category:Welsh sangsters]] [[Category:sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Welsh actresses]] [[Category:Welsh actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at College Merion-Dwyfor]] [[Category:Fowk frae Gwynedd]] [[Category:Neo soul sangsters]] [[Category:A&M Records airtists]] [[Category:21st-century weemen sangsters]] [[Category:Film actresses]] [[Category:Welsh writers]] fmti2g9awvpuqhllcaeghggxlka3sjc Century brak 0 213052 920417 834311 2026-08-03T03:13:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920417 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ronnie_O’Sullivan_at_German_Masters_Snooker_Final_(DerHexer)_2012-02-05_45.jpg|thumb|300x300px|[[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] haes scorit the maist century breaks i professional snooker tournaments.]] I the sport o [[snooker]], a "'''century brak'''" (whiles referrit tae as a '''ton''') is a score o 100 pynts or mair within ane veesit at the table withoot missin a shot an requires pottin at least 25 consecutive balls.<ref>{{cite news |first=Liam |last=Fitzgibbon |title=Neil Robertson makes century of snooker 100s |date=1 May 2014 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/neil-robertson-makes-century-of-snooker-100s-20140501-zr28u.html |accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="BCA">{{cite book |author=BCA Rules Committee |title=Billiards: The Official Rules and Record Book |publisher=Billiard Congress of America |location=Iowa City, IA, US |date=November 1992 |isbn=1-878493-02-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/billiards00bill }}</ref> The ability tae score century braks is regardit as a merk o the hichest skill i snooker, while the first career century haes been describit bi [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] as the "ultimate milestone for any snooker player".<ref name="rise of century">{{Cite news |work=[[BBC Sport]] |first=Steve|last=Davis|title=Steve Davis charts the rise of snooker's century breaks |date=7 January 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/snooker/30599646 |accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref> Ower 20,000 century braks hae been recordit bi snooker players throuchout professional toornaments.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jamie Shaw |url=http://www.livesnooker.com/category/betfair-european-tour/gdynia-open-2015-final-round-up-201503020001/ |title=Ruthless Neil Robertson regains Gdynia Open snooker title - snooker-news.com |publisher=Livesnooker.com |date=2015-03-02 |accessdate=2015-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117013948/http://www.livesnooker.com/category/betfair-european-tour/gdynia-open-2015-final-round-up-201503020001/ |archive-date=2016-01-17 |url-status=dead }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.livesnooker.com/category/betfair-european-tour/gdynia-open-2015-final-round-up-201503020001/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-15 |archive-date=2016-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117013948/http://www.livesnooker.com/category/betfair-european-tour/gdynia-open-2015-final-round-up-201503020001/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> I 2014, [[Neil Robertson]] became the first bodi tae hae scorit ower 100 century frames throuch a single saison; a nummer thon anely some 60 ither players hae surpassit throuchout thair entire careers. Ronnie o'sullivan holds the record faer the maist career centuries wi mair nor 1000 century braks; his 1000th century brak wis achievit i the feenal frame o the 2019 players championship i preston. == Leet o players wi 100 confirmit century braks i professional competition == <ref name="Century Break">{{cite web|url=http://www.rkgsnooker.com/break/century-break|title=Century Break|publisher=RKG Snooker|date=October 17, 2018|accessdate=October 17, 2018|archive-date=2020-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216142551/https://www.rkgsnooker.com/break/century-break|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Threshold !Player !Ref |- ! rowspan="1" |1000 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Ronnie|O'Sullivan}} | |- ! rowspan="1" |750 | style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;" |{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|SCO}} {{sortname|Stephen|Hendry}} (775<sup>†</sup>)}} | |- ! rowspan="1" |700 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SCO}} {{Sortname|John|Higgins|John Higgins (snooker player)}} | |- ! rowspan="1" |600 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|AUS}} {{Sortname|Neil|Robertson|Neil Robertson (snooker player)}} | |- ! rowspan="2" |550 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Judd|Trump}} | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Mark|Selby}} | |- ! rowspan="4" |450 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CHN}} Ding Junhui | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|HKG}} {{Sortname|Marco|Fu}} | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Shaun|Murphy|Shaun Murphy (snooker player)}} | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|WAL}} {{Sortname|Mark|Williams|Mark Williams (snooker player)}} | |- ! rowspan="1" |400 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|NIR}} {{Sortname|Mark|Allen|Mark Allen (snooker player)}} | |- ! rowspan="1" |350 | style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Steve|Davis}} (355<sup>†</sup>) | |- ! rowspan="2" |300 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|IRE}} {{Sortname|Ken|Doherty}} | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Barry|Hawkins}} | |- ! rowspan="1" |250 | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|WAL}} {{Sortname|Matthew|Stevens}} | |- ! rowspan="5" |100 | style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Willie|Thorne}} (126<sup>†</sup>) | |- | style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Paul|Hunter|Paul Hunter (snooker player)}} (114<sup>†</sup>) | |- | style="text-align:left; background:#d3d3d3;" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Ian|McCulloch|Ian McCulloch (snooker player)}} (105<sup>†</sup>) | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Nigel|Bond}} | |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ENG}} {{Sortname|Mark|King|Mark King (snooker player)}} | |} {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#d3d3d3; text-align:center" |<sup>{{†|alt=Retired}}</sup> |Exact tally for a retirit player |} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Airticles wi hCards]] [[Category:Snooker]] nwt920rpm6f6f4kvcomqa6ofvvy4p9c Uiser collogue:-revi 3 232191 920386 899908 2026-08-02T15:42:16Z Pathoschild 391 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 920386 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Revi C.]] o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o Uiser:-revi 2 232192 920385 899909 2026-08-02T15:06:25Z Pathoschild 391 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 920385 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:Revi C.]] 88g0cv17whfgb1wkeh281mptujwtlut From (TV series) 0 233516 920420 918040 2026-08-03T06:32:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox televeesion | image = | caption = Title caird | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Science fiction on televeesion|Science fiction]] * [[Horror fiction|Horror]] * [[meestery fiction|Meestery]] }} | creator = John Griffin | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Harold Perrineau]] * [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] * [[Eion Bailey]] * [[David Alpay]] * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] * [[Shaun Majumder]] * [[Scott McCord]] * [[Ricky He]] * [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] * Pegah Ghafoori * [[Corteon Moore]] * [[Hannah Cheramy]] * Simon Webster * [[Avery Konrad]] * Paul Zinno * Elizabeth Moy <!-- Saison 2 --> * [[Deborah Grover]] * Angela Moore * Kaelen Ohm * A.J. Simmons * Nathan D. Simmons <!-- Saison 3 --> * [[Robert Joy]] * Samantha Brown <!-- Saison 4 --> * Julia Doyle }} | composer = [[Chris Tilton]] | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 35 | list_episodes = Leet o From episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Rola Bauer * Lindsay Dunn * Michael Wright * Nancy Cotton * [[Anthony an Joe Russo]] * [[Mike Larocca]] * [[Jack Bender]] * John Griffin * [[Jeff Pinkner]] * [[Josh Appelbaum]] * [[André Nemec]] * [[Scott Rosenberg]] * Harold Perrineau }} | producer = Michael Mahoney | location = [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * David Greene * Christopher Ball * [[Michael Wale]] }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * Wendy Hallam Martin * Ana Yavari * Dan Briceno * Stephen Lawrence * Michele Conroy * Maxyme Tremblay }} | runtime = 46–60 meenits | company = {{Plainlist| * Midnight Radio * [[AGBO|Gozie AGBO]] * [[MGM Television]] * MGM+ Studios }} | network = [[MGM+|Epix]] (2022) / [[MGM+]] (syne 2023) | first_aired = {{Start date|2022|2|20}} | last_aired = present |opentheme="[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]" bi [[Pixies (baund)|Pixies]]}} '''''From''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Frae'', stylisit as '''FROM''') is an American [[Science fiction on televeesion|science fiction]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] telly series creatit bi John Griffin. The furst saison premiered on 20 Februar 2022, on [[MGM+|Epix]]. The series starns [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]], [[Eion Bailey]], [[David Alpay]], [[Elizabeth Saunders]], [[Scott McCord]], [[Ricky He]], an [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] in main roles. The series haes received creetical acclaim fur its story, directin, an the performances o the cast (pairticulairly Perrineau). The seicont saison premiered on the rebrandit [[MGM+]] in Aprile 2023. The thrid saison premiered in September 2024. In November 2024, the series wis renewed fur a fowert saison, that premiered on 19 Aprile 2026. In Aprile 2026, the series wis renewed fur a fift an final saison. == Owerview == The series is set in a nichtmarish toun in the Unitit States that traps thaim wha enter. The unwillin indwallers strive tae remain alive whiles plagued bi terrifying nocturnal craiturs frae the surroondin forest as thay sairch fur secrets hidden athin the toun an beyond in the hope o findin a wey oot. The series centres on Boyd Stevens (Perrineau), the sel-appyntit sheriff an de facto mayor, an the Matthews faimily, new arrivals wha diskiver thay are trappit. The toun's indwallers maun wirk thegither tae stay alive an find a wey tae escape. == Cast an chairacters == === Main === * [[Harold Perrineau]] as Boyd Stevens, the sel-appyntit [[sheriff]] an de facto mayor o the Tounship. He is a retired US Airmy veteran wha served in [[Afghanistan]] an [[Iraq]]. Boyd is estranged frae his son Ellis efter killin his wife, Abby, wha haed a [[Mental ail|mental brakdoun]] an attackit some o the tounsfowk. * [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] as Tabitha Matthews, Jim's wife an Julie an Ethan's mither, wha thegither are new arrivals tae the toun. She chuises tae bide in the Tounship wi her hauf-marrae an son an is aye mournin the recent loss o her yungest bairn, Thomas. At the end o the thrid saison, she is revealed tae be a [[reincarnation]] o Miranda Kavanaugh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kain|first=Erik|title=‘From’ Season 3, Episode 10 Review: A Riveting Finale With Huge Revelations|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2024/11/24/from-season-3-episode-10-review-a-riveting-finale-with-huge-revelations/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref> Vivian Crooks portrays yung Tabitha. * [[Eion Bailey]] as Jim Matthews (saisons 1–3; guest saison 4), Tabitha's hauf-marrae an Julie an Ethan's faither, wha bides in the Tounship wi his wife an son. He wirks wi Jade tae find a wey tae escape the toun an contact the ootside warld. * [[David Alpay]] as Jade Herrera, a wealthy saftware developer wha arrives at the toun on the same day as the Matthews faimily. In maugre o his intelligence, he is initially arrogant an abrasive tae the Tounship indwallers an struggles wi his new circumstances. At the end o the thrid saison, he is revealed tae be a reincarnation o Christopher.<ref name=":0" /> Viggo Hanvelt portrays yung Jade. * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] as Donna Raines, the leader o the indwallers at Colony Hoose, wha bide separately frae the Tounship * [[Shaun Majumder]] as Father Rudra Khatri (saison 1; guest saisons 2–3), the Tounship's Christian [[priest]] an vyce o raison in the commonty. Follaein his daith, he continues tae appear afore Boyd as a [[hallucination]]. * [[Scott McCord]] as Victor Kavanaugh, a peculiar Colony Hoose indwaller trappit in the toun syne he wis a bairn. Eli Arsenault portrays yung Victor durin flashbacks. * [[Ricky He]] as Kenny Liu, Boyd's deputy an richt-haund man, wha bides wi his agin parents in the Tounship * [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] as Kristi Miller, the Tounship's doctor an a umwhile medical student wha wis separatit frae her [[Engagement|fiancée]] whan she becam trappit in the toun * Pegah Ghafoori as Fatima Hassan, Ellis's lassfreend, later wife, an ane o the Colony Hoose indwallers * [[Corteon Moore]] as Ellis Stevens, Boyd's son, wha bides estranged frae his faither at Colony Hoose * [[Hannah Cheramy]] as Julie Matthews, Jim an Tabitha's teenage dochter an Ethan's aulder sister, wha at furst chuises tae bide at Colony Hoose, whaur she befreends Ellis an Fatima * Simon Webster as Ethan Matthews, Jim an Tabitha's yung son an Julie's yunger brither, wha bides wi his parents in the Tounship * [[Avery Konrad]] as Sara Myers, Nathan's sister wha wirks at the Tounship's [[diner]]. She haes frequent hallucinations that command her tae kill ither indwallers o the Tounship. * Paul Zinno as Nathan Myers (saison 1), Sara's brither, wha bides in the Tounship an tends tae the ferm ainimals * Elizabeth Moy as Tian-Chen Liu (saisons 1–3), Kenny's mither an Bing-Qian's wife, wha rins the diner in the Tounship * [[Deborah Grover]] as Tillie (saisons 2–3), an agin, carefree wumman an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * Angela Moore as Bakta (saison 2–present), a bus driver wha unknawingly brings mony new arrivals tae the toun * Kaelen Ohm as Marielle Sinclair (saison 2–present), Kristi's fiancée, a [[Pediatrics|pediatric]] nurse, an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * A.J. Simmons as Randall Kirkland (saison 2–present), a volatile, quick-tae-anger man an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * Nathan D. Simmons as Elgin Williams (saison 2–present), ane o the bus passengers wha haed [[Oneiromancy|prophetic dreams]] aboot the toun prior tae his arrival. * [[Robert Joy]] as Henry Kavanaugh (saison 3–present), Victor's faither, wha bidit alane in [[Camden, Maine]], fur fowerty years efter the disappearance o his wife an bairn.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Gonzalez|first=Umberto|date=2024-07-26|title='From' Season 3 Adds Samantha Brown and Robert Joy, Sets September Premiere|url=https://www.thewrap.com/from-season-3-samantha-brown-robert-joy/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[TheWrap]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * Samantha Brown as Dani Acosta (saison 3–present), a polis officer broucht tae the toun efter pickin up Tabitha an Henry in the ootside warld.<ref name=":1" /> * Julia Doyle as Sophia (saison 4), a pastor's dochter.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2025-08-26|title=‘From’ Casts Julia Doyle As Series Regular For Season 4 As Production Begins|url=https://deadline.com/2025/08/from-julia-doyle-series-regular-season-4-cast-1236496928/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Sophia is a disguise uised bi the shapeshiftin "Man in Yellow", tae infiltrate the toun's indwallers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rudoy|first=Matthew|date=2026-04-19|title=From Season 4 Already Confirmed The Best Man In Yellow Theory|url=https://screenrant.com/from-season-4-episode-1-man-in-yellow-theory-sophia-explained/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Screen Rant]]|language=en}}</ref> === Recurrin === * Reid Price as Tom (saison 1; guest saisons 2–3), the Tounship's freendly bartender an a umwhile college professor * Cynthia Jimenez-Hicks as Trudy (saison 1), Ellis an Fatima's freend, an ane o the Colony Hoose indwallers * Vox Smith as the "Boy in White" (saison 1; guest saisons 2–4), a meesterious bairn-lik feegur wha anly a select nummer o the tounsfowk can see. This includes Ethan, Sara, Victor, an Tabitha. * Katerina Bakolias as Clara, a Colony Hoose indwaller * Cliff Saunders as Dale (saisons 1–2; guest saison 3), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Matthias Fenez as Matthias (saison 2), the duirman fur Colony Hoose * Zach Faye as Reggie (saison 2), a indwaller o the Tounship whase wife, Paula, wis meesteriously killt in her sleep * Shuoxin Fu as the "Kimono Woman" (saison 3; guest saison 2), a monstrous corpse-lik wumman Elgin an Fatima see durin veesions === Guest === * Simon Sinn as Bing-Qian Liu (saisons 1–2), Kenny's faither an Tian-Chen's hauf-marrae, wha haes [[dementia]] an bides in the Tounship wi a collection o recipe beuks an enjoys chess. In the seicont saison, he appears durin flashbacks. * Bob Mann as Frank Pratt (saison 1), a indwaller o the Tounship whase wife an dochter wur killt the nicht afore the Matthews faimily arrivit at the toun * Colby Conrad as Tobey McCray (saison 1), Jade's best freend, wha arrives wi him at the toun on the same day as the Matthews faimily * Jessica Barry as Gina (saison 1), a indwaller o the Tounship wha helps care fur Bing-Qian * Jamie McGuire as the "Smiley Creature", ane o the craiturs that torment the toun, wha is kenspeckle fur the iver-present grin on his face. Efter bein killt durin the seicont saison, he is reborn at the end o the thrid saison. * Christopher Hayes as Kevin (saison 1), a Colony Hoose indwaller wha faws in luve wi ane o the craiturs * [[Molly Dunsworth]] as "Jasmine" (saison 1), a craitur wi whom Kevin becomes infatuatit * [[Lisa Ryder]] as Abby Stevens (saisons 1–2), Boyd's wife, Ellis's mither, an a retired [[Unitit States Marine Corps|US Marine]] wha appears durin flashbacks an veesions * Robert Verlaque as Martin (saisons 2–3), a unco aulder man Boyd finds chyned tae a waw * Seamus Patterson as Brick (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers wha haes [[claustrophobia]] * Phoebe Rex as Kelly (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers wha gaes missin wi her ladfreend efter arrivin in the toun * Taras Lesiuk as Brian (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers an Kelly's ladfreend * Thom Payne as Christopher (saisons 2–4), a [[Ventriloquism|ventriloquist]] an indwaller o the Tounship durin Victor's bairnheid * Sarah Booth as Miranda Kavanaugh (saisons 2–3), Victor an Eloise's mither, wha wis killt durin Victor's bairnheid bi the craiturs * Ellie Cluett as Eloise Kavanaugh (saison 2), Victor's yunger sister, wha wis killt durin Victor's bairnheid bi the craiturs * Tamara Fifield as Nicky (saison 3), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Eugene Sampang as Roger (saisons 3–4), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Trina Corkum as Patty (saisons 3–4), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Douglas E. Hughes as the "Man in Yellow" (saison 3–present), a meesterious [[shapeshiftin]] entity. His vyce is heard ower the radio at the end o the furst saison an aa. * Rhys Bevan-John as the Pastor (saison 4), a pastor wha enters the Tounship ==Episodes== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |- ! Saison ! Episodes ! Furst lowsed !Last lowsed !Netwirk |- | 1 | 10 | 20 Februar 2022 |10 Aprile 2022 |[[MGM+|Epix]] |- | 2 | 10 | 23 Aprile 2023 |25 Juin 2023 |rowspan=4|[[MGM+]] |- | 3 | 10 | 22 September 2024 |24 November 2024 |- | 4 | 10 | 19 Aprile 2026 |28 Juin 2026<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shows A-Z - From on MGM Plus|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/from/listings/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[The Futon Critic]]}}</ref> |} == Production == On 7 Juin 2018, [[YouTube Premium|YouTube Red]] annoonced the development o the John Griffin–creatit series as pairt o an oweraw deal atween production companies Midnight Radio an the [[Russo brithers]]' [[AGBO]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2018-06-07|title=Midnight Radio Inks Overall Deal With Joe & Anthony Russo’s AGBO|url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/midnight-radio-inks-overall-deal-joe-anthony-russo-agbo-1202405854/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Bi Aprile 2021, the series wis transferred tae [[MGM+|Epix]] efter YouTube Red, nou YouTube Premium, muived intae unscriptit programmin. The projeck received an order o ten episodes, wi [[Jack Bender]] tae direct the furst fower.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2021-04-12|title=Epix Greenlights ‘From’ Sci-Fi Horror Series Produced By Midnight Radio & AGBO|url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/epix-from-sci-fi-horror-series-midnight-radio-agbo-netflix-1234732603/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mey 2021, [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Eion Bailey]] an [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] wur cast in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2021-05-04|title=Harold Perrineau To Headline ‘From’ Epix Horror Series|url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/harold-perrineau-cast-from-epix-series-1234749482/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2021-05-12|title=Eion Bailey Joins Harold Perrineau In ‘From’ Epix Horror Series|url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/eion-bailey-harold-perrineau-from-epix-horror-series-1234754762/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2021-05-24|title=Catalina Sandino Moreno Joins Harold Perrineau & Eion Bailey In Epix Horror Series ‘From’|url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/catalina-sandino-moreno-harold-perrineau-eion-bailey-from-epix-horror-series-1234763174/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In Julie, [[Shaun Majumder]], [[Elizabeth Saunders]], [[Avery Konrad]], [[Hannah Cheramy]], [[Ricky He]], Simon Webster, [[Chloe Van Landschoot]], an Pegah Gahfoori jynt the cast.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2021-07-28|title=‘From’: Shaun Majumder, Avery Konrad, Ricky He Among 7 Cast In Epix Horror Series|url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/from-shaun-majumder-avery-konrad-cast-epix-horror-series-1234801481/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The appenin theme sang, "[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]" (1956), wis performed as a kiver bi American alt-rock baund the [[Pixies (baund)|Pixies]]; the muisic score wis componed bi [[Chris Tilton]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Epix’s ‘From’ to Feature ‘Que Sera, Sera’ Cover by the Pixies as Main Title Song|url=https://filmmusicreporter.com/2022/02/19/epixs-from-to-feature-que-sera-sera-cover-opening-titles-song-by-pixies/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=Film Music Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> The furst saison begound filmin in Mey 2021 in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], Canadae, wi principal photography aroond [[Beaver Bank, Nova Scotia|Beaver Bank]] an [[Sackville River]], in the suburban commonty o [[Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia|Lower Sackville]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cooke|first=Stephen|date=2021-05-27|title=CBC’s Diggstown digs in for third season now in production in Halifax|language=en|work=[[SaltWire Network]]|url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/cbcs-diggstown-digs-in-for-third-season-now-in-production-in-halifax-100593387|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03}}</ref> On 24 Aprile 2022, Epix renewed the series fur a seicont saison.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Complex|first=Valerie|date=2022-04-24|title=‘From’ Sci-fi Horror Series Renewed For Season 2 By Epix|url=https://deadline.com/2022/04/from-renewed-season-2-epix-harold-perrineau-1235008774/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 29 Juin 2023, MGM+ renewed the series fur a thrid saison.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|date=2023-06-29|title=‘From’ Renewed for Season 3 at MGM+|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/from-renewed-season-3-mgm-plus-1235657804/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 21 November 2024, MGM+ renewed the series fur a fowert saison.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2024-11-21|title=‘From’ Renewed For Season 4 By MGM+|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/from-renewed-season-4-mgm-plus-harold-perrineau-1236184228/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Filmin fur the saison begound in Juin 2025 in Nova Scotia,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rudoy|first=Matthew|date=2025-10-19|title=From Season 4’s Release Receives Promising Update After Long Wait|url=https://screenrant.com/from-season-4-filming-wrap-soon-ricky-he-update/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Screen Rant]]|language=en}}</ref> an concludit that November.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tassi|first=Paul|title=A Disappointing Update About The ‘From’ Season 4 Release Date|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2025/11/12/a-disappointing-update-about-the-from-season-4-release-date/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref> On 15 Aprile 2026, MGM+ renewed the series fur a fift an final saison.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wigler|first=Josh|date=2026-04-15|title=‘From’ Renewed For Fifth and Final Season (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/from-renewed-season-5-final-interview-1236565157/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Release == The series premiered on Epix on 20 Februar 2022.<ref name=":2" /> In Austrailie, it is distributit bi [[Stan (streamin service)|Stan]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-26|title=First look at Stan's chilling new sci-fi horror series From|url=https://www.nine.com.au/entertainment/from-scifi-horror-series-stan-official-trailer-premiere-date-cast-20220426-p5qw2y.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=www.nine.com.au|language=en}}</ref> In the UK, it is braidcast on [[Sky Sci-Fi]]. In Canadae an in Italy, it is available tae stream on [[Paramount+]]. In Indie, it is available tae stream on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. In the Middle East & North Africae, it is available tae stream on [[OSN]]+. The seicont saison premiered on the rebrandit [[MGM+]] on 23 Aprile 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mitovich|first=Matt Webb|date=2023-01-10|title=FROM Season 2: Premiere Date Set For Sci-Fi Horror Series On MGM+|url=https://www.tvline.com/news/from-season-2-release-date-mgm-plus-1234920058/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[TVLine]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The thrid saison premiered on 2 September 2024.<ref name=":1" /> The fowert saison premiered on 19 Aprile 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2026-02-04|title=‘From’ Teaser Reveals More Terror To Come In Season 4; Premiere Date Set|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/from-season-4-teaser-trailer-release-date-1236708854/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Reception == === Saison 1 === On review aggregator wabsteid [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 96% o 25 reviews fur the furst saison are positive. === Saison 2 === On Rotten Tomatoes, 93% o 15 reviews fur the seicont saison are positive. === Saison 3 === On Rotten Tomatoes, 100% o 25 reviews fur the thrid saison are positive. === Saison 4 === On Rotten Tomatoes, 100% o 17 reviews fur the fowert saison are positive. == Awairds an nominations == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ ! scope="col" | Awaird ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Nominee ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Creetics' Chyce Super Awairds|Creetic's Chyce Super Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |[[5t Creetics' Chyce Super Awairds|2025]] | [[Creetics' Chyce Super Awaird fur Best Horror Series|Best Horror Series, Limitit Series or Mak-fur-TV Film]] | ''From'' | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations Announced for the Critics Choice Association's 5th Annual "Critics Choice Super Awards" – Critics Choice Association |url=https://www.criticschoice.com/2025/06/11/nominations-announced-for-the-critics-choice-associations-5th-annual-critics-choice-super-awards/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.criticschoice.com |archive-date=2025-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611183746/https://www.criticschoice.com/2025/06/11/nominations-announced-for-the-critics-choice-associations-5th-annual-critics-choice-super-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Creetics' Chyce Super Awaird fur Best Actor in a Horror Series|Best Actor in a Horror Series, Limitit Series or Mak-fur-TV Film]] | [[Harold Perrineau]] | {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] | [[2025 Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds|2025]] | Best Series | ''From'' | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Melanson |first=Angel |date=2025-07-09 |title=Here Are The 2025 FANGORIA CHAINSAW AWARDS Nominees |url=https://www.fangoria.com/2025-fangoria-chainsaw-awards-nominees/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Imagen Awairds|Imagen Foundation Awairds]] | 2023 | Best Supportin Actress – Drama (Televeesion) | data-sort-value="Sandino Moreno, Catalina" | [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Imagen |date=November 10, 2023 |title=Nominees Announced for the 38th Annual Imagen Awards Celebrating Latino Excellence |url=https://www.imagen.org/2023/11/nominees-announced-for-the-38th-annual-imagen-awards-celebrating-latino-excellence/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Imagen Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Leo Awairds]] | 2023 | Best Supportin Performance bi a Male in a Dramatic Series | data-sort-value="He, Ricky" | [[Ricky He]] | {{Won}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 LEO AWARDS, Nominees & Winners by Name |url=https://www.leoawards.com/2023/nominees_and_winners/nominees_and_winners_by_name_2023.php |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.leoawards.com}}</ref> |- | 2024 | Best Supportin Performance Dramatic Series | data-sort-value="He, Ricky" | Ricky He | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Nominees & Winners |url=https://www.leoawards.com/2024/nominees_and_winners/ |access-date=2026-06-02|website=www.leoawards.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[NAACP Image Awairds]] | [[56t NAACP Image Awairds|2025]] | [[NAACP Image Awaird fur Ootstaundin Actor in a Drama Series|Ootstaundin Actor in a Drama Series]] | data-sort-value="Perrineau, Harold" | Harold Perrineau | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=2025-01-07 |title=NAACP Image Awards: Ayo Edebiri, Keke Palmer, GloRilla, ''The Piano Lesson'' and ''Fight Night'' Lead Nominations |url=https://variety.com/2025/awards/news/naacp-image-awards-nominees-ayo-edebiri-keke-palmer-glorilla-the-piano-lesson-fight-night-1236267864/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Satellite Awairds]] | [[27t Satellite Awairds|2023]] | [[Satellite Awaird fur Best Telly Series – Genre|Best Telly Series – Genre]] | ''From'' | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=IPA Reveals Nominations for the 27th Satellite Awards |url=https://www.pressacademy.com/2022-nominees/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208093859/https://www.pressacademy.com/2022-nominees/ |archive-date=2022-12-08 |publisher=[[International Press Academy]]}}</ref> |- | [[28t Satellite Awairds|2024]] | Best Telly Series – Genre | ''From'' | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pressacademy.com/news/ipa-reveals-nominations-for-the-28th-satellite-awards/|title=IPA Reveals Nominations for the 28th Satellite Awards|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|date=2023-12-18|access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218085317/https://www.pressacademy.com/news/ipa-reveals-nominations-for-the-28th-satellite-awards/ |archive-date=2023-12-18 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="8" |[[Saturn Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |[[47th Saturn Awards|2022]] | [[Saturn Awaird fur Best Actor on Televeesion|Best Actor in a Netwirk or Cable Telly Series]] | data-sort-value="Perrineau, Harold" | Harold Perrineau | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinoco |first=Armando |date=2022-08-12 |title=Saturn Awards Nominations: ''The Batman'', ''Nightmare Alley'', ''Spider-Man'', ''Better Call Saul'' Top List |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/saturn-awards-2022-nominations-list-movies-tv-1235089636/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812202430/https://deadline.com/2022/08/saturn-awards-2022-nominations-list-movies-tv-1235089636/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Saturn Awaird fur Best Horror Telly Series|Best Horror Telly Series: Netwirk/Cable]] | ''From'' | {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[51st Saturn Awairds|2024]] | Best Actor in a Netwirk or Cable Telly Series | data-sort-value="Perrineau, Harold" | Harold Perrineau | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=2024-12-05 |title=''Dune: Part Two'', ''Fallout'' Lead Saturn Awards Nominations |url=https://deadline.com/2024/12/saturn-awards-nominations-2025-list-1236195149/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Best Horror Telly Series: Netwirk/Cable | ''From'' | {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="4" |[[52nd Saturn Awairds|2025]] | Best Actor in a Netwirk or Cable Telly Series | data-sort-value="Perrineau, Harold" | Harold Perrineau | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners |url=https://www.saturnawardstv.com/winners |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=The 52nd Annual Saturn Awards |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403134028/https://www.saturnawardstv.com/winners |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Saturn Awaird fur Best Supportin Actress on Televeesion|Best Supportin Actress in a Telly Series]] | data-sort-value="Saunders, Elizabeth" | [[Elizabeth Saunders]] | {{Nominated}} |- | [[Saturn Awaird fur Best Performance bi a Yunger Actor in a Telly Series|Best Yung Performer in a Telly Series]] | data-sort-value="Cheramy, Hannah" | [[Hannah Cheramy]] | {{Nominated}} |- | Best Horror Telly Series: Netwirk/Cable |''From'' | {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Yung Airtist Awaird]] | 2023 | Best Performance in a TV Series: Supportin Youth Airtist | data-sort-value="Webster, Simon" | Simon Webster | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=44YAA |url=https://youngartistacademy.info/history/44YAA.html |access-date=2026-06-02|website=youngartistacademy.info}}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== {{sister project links|d=Q107072432|q=no|c=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * {{IMDb title}} [[Category:2020s American horror telly series]] [[Category:2020s American science fiction telly series]] [[Category:2022 American telly series debuts]] [[Category:Inglis-leid Canadian telly shaws]] [[Category:MGM+ oreeginal programmin]] [[Category:Telly shaws aboot reincarnation]] [[Category:Telly series aboot monsters]] [[Category:Telly series bi MGM Television]] [[Category:Telly shaws filmed in Halifax, Nova Scotia]] [[Category:Telly series aboot bein lost frae hame]] 0ggmmx9zjl76inuemnt3yzrn7njtpeo Soul muisic 0 233782 920400 920370 2026-08-02T20:24:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre | name = Soul | image = Ray Charles (1967).png | caption = [[Ray Charles]], ane o soul muisic's pioneers an maist influential airtists, in 1967. | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Rhythm an blues]]|[[Gospel muisic|gospel]]}} | cultural_origins = Late 1950s – early 1960s, U.S. | derivatives = {{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[contemporary R&B]]|[[hip-hop]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]}} | subgenres = {{hlist|[[Cinematic soul]]|[[Laitin soul]]|[[Motown (muisic style)|Motown soond]]|[[neo soul]]|[[retro-soul]]|[[quiet storm]]}} | fusiongenres = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop soul]]|[[nu jazz]]|[[pop soul]]|[[psychedelic soul]]|[[progressive soul]]|[[soul blues]]|[[soul jazz]]|[[smooth soul]]|[[swamp rock]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-swamp-rock-2522008 |title=What Is Swamp Rock? A look at this Southern mix of country, funk, and soul |last=Fontenot |first=Robert |date=2019-02-24 |publisher=Liveabout |access-date=2022-11-09 |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927125939/https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-swamp-rock-2522008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | regional_scenes = {{hlist|[[Breetish soul|Unitit Kinrick]]|[[Unitit States]]}} | local_scenes = {{hlist|[[Chicago soul|Chicago]]|[[Muisic o Detroit#R&B/Soul|Detroit]]|[[Memphis soul|Memphis]]|[[New York soul|New York Ceety]]|[[New Orleans soul|New Orleans]]|[[Northren soul|Northren Ingland]]|[[Philadelphia soul|Philadelphia]]|[[Soothren soul|Soothren Unitit States]]|[[Broun-eyed soul|West Coast]]}} | other_topics = * [[Blue-eyed soul]] * [[broun-eyed soul]] * [[Minneapolis soond]] * [[new jack swing]] * [[rare groove]] * [[slaw jam]] * [[urban contemporary muisic]] * [[Leet o soul muisickers]] * [[African-American muisic]] }} '''Soul muisic''' is a [[popular muisic]] genre that oreeginatit in [[African-American cultur|African-American]] [[African-American neebourheid|commonties]] throuoot the Unitit States in the late 1950s an early 1960s. Catchy rhythms, stressed bi haundclaps an extemporaneous bouk muivements, are an important hawmark o soul. Ither chairacteristics are a [[Caw an repone (muisic)|caw an repone]] atween the lead an [[Backin vocalist|backin vocalists]], an inspecially tense vocal soond, an occasional [[Muisical improvisation|improvisational]] addeetions, twirls, an auxiliary soonds. Soul muisic is kent fur reflectin African-American identity an stressin the importance o [[African-American cultur]]. Soul haes its ruits in [[Black Gospel muisic|African-American gospel muisic]] an [[rhythm an blues]], an primarily combines elements o gospel, [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]] an [[jazz]]. The genre emergit frae the pouer struggle tae increase black Americans' awareness o thair African auncestry, as a newfoond consciousness led tae the creation o muisic that boastit pride in bein black. Soul muisic becam popular fur dancin an listenin, an American record labels sic as [[Motown]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] an [[Stax Records|Stax]] wis influential in its proliferation durin the [[ceevil richts muivement]]. Soul becam popular warldwide an aa, directly influencin [[rock muisic]] an the [[muisic o Africae]]. It haed a resurgence in the mid-tae late 1990s wi the subgenre [[neo soul]], that incorporatit modren production elements an [[Hip hop muisic|hip-hop]] influences. Soul muisic dominatit the U.S. [[Hat R&B/Hip-Hop Sangs|R&B chairts]] in the 1960s, an mony recordins crossed ower intae the pop chairts in the Unitit States, Unitit Kinrick, an elsewhaur. Mony prominent soul airtists, includin [[Ray Charles]], [[Sam Cooke]], [[Otis Redding]], [[James Brown]], [[Aretha Franklin]], an mony acks unner the Motown label, sic as [[the Supremes]] an [[the Temptations]], wur heichly influential in the genre's development an aw gained widespreid popularity durin this time. Bi 1968, the soul muisic genre haed begun tae splinter. Some soul airtists muived tae [[funk]] muisic, whiles ither sangsters an groups developit slicker, mair sophisticatit, an in some cases mair socially conscious varieties. Bi the early 1970s, soul muisic haed begun tae absorb influences frae [[psychedelic rock]] an [[Progresive rock|progressive rock]], amang ither genres, leadin tae the creation o [[psychedelic soul]] an [[progressive soul]]. Prominent soul airtists o this era include [[Marvin Gaye]], [[The Jackson 5|Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Curtis Mayfield]], [[Isaac Hayes]], [[Al Green]], an [[Bill Withers]]. [[Neo soul]], that adoptit hip-hop influences, developit aroond 1994. Ither subgenres o soul include the "[[Motown|Motown sound]]", a mair rhythmic an [[Pop muisic|pop]]-freendly style that oreeginatit frae the eponymous label; [[Soothren soul]], a drivin, energetic variety combinin R&B wi soothren gospel muisic influences; [[Memphis soul]], a shimmerin, sultry style; [[New Orleans soul]], that emergit frae the rhythm an blues style; [[Chicago soul]], a lichter gospel-influenced soond; an [[Philadelphia soul]], a lush [[Orchestra|orchestral]] variety wi [[doo-wop]]-inspirt vocals. == History == === Oreegins === [[File:Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Ray Charles]] pioneered the soul muisic genre durin the 1950s bi combinin blues, rhythm an blues, an gospel styles.]] Soul muisic haes its ruits in [[Tradeetional black gospel|tradeetional African-American gospel muisic]] an [[rhythm an blues]] an as the hybridisation o thair respective religious an secular styles – in baith leerical content an instrumentation – that begoud in the 1950s. The term "soul" haed been uised amang African-American muisickers tae emphasise the feelin o bein an African American in the Unitit States. Accordin tae muisicologist [[Dr. Demento|Barry Hansen]],<blockquote>Thou this hybrid produced a clutch o hits in the R&B mercat in the early 1950s, anly the maist adventurous white fans felt its impact at the time; the rest haed tae wait fur the comin o soul muisic in the 1960s tae feel the rush o [[rock an roll]] sung gospel-style.</blockquote> [[File:JamesBrown.jpg|thumb|upright|[[James Brown]] wis kent as the "Godfaither o Soul".]] Accordin tae [[AllMusic]], "Soul muisic wis the result o the urbanisation an commercialisation o rhythm an blues in the '60s." The phrase "soul muisic" itsel, referrin tae gospel-style muisic wi secular leerics, wis furst attestit in 1961. The term "soul" in African-American parlance haes connotations o African-American pride an cultur. [[Gospel muisic|Gospel]] groups in the 1940s an '50s occasionally uised the term as pairt o thair names. The [[jazz]] style that oreeginatit frae gospel becam kent as [[soul jazz]]. As sangsters an arrangers begoud uisin techniques frae baith gospel an soul jazz in African-American popular muisic durin the 1960s, soul muisic gradually functioned as an umberellae term fur African-American popular muisic at the time. [[File:Sam_Cooke_1961.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Sam Cooke]] is regardit as ane o soul muisic's "forefaithers".]] Accordin tae the Acoustic Muisic Organisation, the "furst clear evidence o soul muisic shaws up wi [[the "5" Royales]], an ex-gospel group that turned tae R&B an in [[Faye Adams]], whase "Shake A Hand" becomes an R&B staundard". Important innovators whase recordins in the 1950s contreibutit tae the emergence o soul muisic includit [[Clyde McPhatter]], [[Hank Ballard]], an [[Etta James]]. [[Ray Charles]] is aften citit as popularisin the soul muisic genre wi his series o hits, stairtin wi 1954's "[[I Got a Woman]]". Sangster [[Bobby Womack]] said, "Ray wis the genius. He turned the warld ontae soul muisic." Charles wis appen in acknawledgin the influence o [[Pilgrim Travelers]] vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singin style. [[Little Richard]], wha inspired [[Otis Redding]], an [[James Brown]] baith wur equally influential. Brown wis nicknamed the "Godfaither o Soul Muisic", an Richard proclaimed himsel as the "Keeng o Rockin' an Rollin', Rhythm an Blues Soulin{{'"}}, acause his muisic embodied elements o aw three, an syne he inspired airtists in aw three genre. [[Sam Cooke]] an [[Jackie Wilson]] are aften acknawledgit as soul forefaithers an aa. Cooke becam popular as the lead sangster o the gospel group [[the Soul Stirrers]], afore controversially muivin intae secular muisic. His recordin o "[[You Send Me]]" in 1957 launched a successfu [[pop muisic]] career. Furthermair, his 1962 recordin o "[[Bring It On Home to Me]]" haes been descrieved as "perhaps the furst record tae define the soul experience". Jackie Wilson, a contemporary o baith Cooke an James Brown, achieved [[Crossower muisic|crossower]] success an aa, inspecially wi his 1957 hit "[[Reet Petite]]". He even wis pairticulairly influential fur his dramatic delivery an performances. === 1960s === [[File:Solomon Burke.jpg|thumb|[[Solomon Burke]] recordit fur [[Atlantic Records]] in the 1960s.]] Hauf-marrae-wife duo [[Ike & Tina Turner]] emergit as "leadin exponents" o soul muisic in the 1960s. Thair debut single "[[A Fool in Love]]" crossed ower tae the pop chairts in 1960. Thay earnt a [[Grammy Awairds|Grammy]] nomination fur thair sang "It's Gonna Work Out Fine" in 1962. Alang wi the Kings of Rhythm an the Ikettes, thay toured the [[Chitlin' Circuit]] as the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Writer [[Peter Guralnick]] is amang thaim tae identify [[Solomon Burke]] as a key feegur in the emergence o soul muisic, an [[Atlantic Records]] as the key [[record label]]. Burke's early 1960s sangs, includin "[[Cry to Me]]", "[[Just Out of Reach (of My Two Open Arms)]]" an "[[Down in the Valley (Solomon Burke sang)|Down in the Valley]]" are considered clessics o the genre. Guralnick wrate: <blockquote>Soul stairtit, in a sense, wi the 1961 success o Solomon Burke's "Just Out of Reach". Ray Charles, o coorse, haed awready enjoyed enormous success (on Atlantic an aa), as haed James Brown an Sam Cooke — maistly in a pop vein. Ilk o thir sangsters, thou, coud be leukit upon as an isolatit phenomenon; it wis anly wi the comin thegither o Burke an Atlantic Records that ye coud begin tae see onything even resemblin a muivement.</blockquote> [[File:Aretha Franklin on January 20, 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Aretha Franklin]] is widely kent as the "Queen o Soul".]] [[Ben E. King]] achieved success in 1961 wi "[[Stand by Me (Ben E. King sang)|Stand by Me]]" an aa, a sang directly based on a gospel hymn. Bi the mid-1960s, the initial successes o Burke, King, an ithers haed been surpassed bi new soul sangsters, includin [[Stax Records|Stax]] airtists sic as [[Otis Redding]] an [[Wilson Pickett]], wha mainly recordit in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], an [[Muscle Shoals, Alabama]]. Accordin tae [[Jon Landau]]:<blockquote>Atween 1962 an 1964 Redding recordit a series o soul ballads chairacterised bi unabashedly sentimental leerics uisually beggin forgieness or askin a lassfreend tae come hame... He suin becam kent as "Mr. Pitiful" an earnt a reputation as the leadin performer ofsoul ballads.</blockquote> The maist important female soul sangster tae emerge wis [[Aretha Franklin]], oreeginally a gospel sangster wha begoud tae mak secular recordins in 1960 but whase career wis later revitalisit bi her recordins fur Atlantic. Her 1967 recordins, sic as "[[I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)]]", "[[Respect (sang)|Respect]]" (written an oreeginally recordit bi Otis Redding), an "[[Do Right Woman, Do Right Man]]" (written bi [[Chips Moman]] an [[Dan Penn]]), wis signeeficant an commercially successfu recordins. Soul muisic dominatit the U.S. African-American muisic chairts in the 1960s, an mony recordins crossed ower intae the pop chairts in the U.S. Otis Redding wis a huge success at the [[Monterey Internaitional Pop Fest]] in 1967. The genre becam heichly popular in the UK an aa, whaur mony leadin acks toured in the late 1960s. "Soul" becam an umberellae term fur an increasingly wide variety o R&B-based muisic styles – frae the dance an pop-orientit acks at [[Motown|Motown Records]] in [[Detroit]], sic as [[the Temptations]], [[Marvin Gaye]] an [[Stevie Wonder]], tae "[[Soothren soul|deep soul]]" performers sic as [[Percy Sledge]] an [[James Carr (sangster)|James Carr]]. Different regions an ceeties athin the U.S., includin New York Ceety, Detroit, Chicago, [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[New Orleans]], [[Philadelphia]], an Muscle Shoals, Alabama (the hame o [[FAME Studios]] an [[Muscle Shoals Sound Studios]]) becam notit fur different subgenres o the muisic an recordin styles. Bi 1968, whiles at its peak o popularity, soul begoud tae fragment intae different subgenres. Airtists sic as James Brown an [[Sly and the Family Stone]] evolvit intae [[funk]] muisic, whiles ither sangsters sic as Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, [[Curtis Mayfield]] an [[Al Green]] developit slicker, mair sophisticatit an in some cases mair poleetically conscious varieties o the genre. Houiver, soul muisic continued tae evolve, informin maist subsequent forms o R&B frae the 1970s-onwaird, wi pockets o muisickers continuin tae perform in tradeetional soul style. === 1970s an 1980s === [[File:Marvin Gaye (1973).png|thumb|left|[[Marvin Gaye]] shiftit tae a socially conscious soond wi his 1971 hit "[[What's Going On (sang)|What's Going On]]".]] Mitchell's [[Hi Records]] continued in the [[Stax Records|Stax]] tradeetion o the previous decade, lowsin a string o hits bi Green, [[Ann Peebles]], [[Otis Clay]], [[O. V. Wright]] an [[Syl Johnson]]. [[Bobby Womack]], wha recordit wi Chips Moman in the late 1960s, continued tae produce soul recordins in the 1970s an 1980s. In [[Detroit]], producer [[Don Davis (muisic producer)|Don Davis]] wirkit wi [[Stax Records|Stax]] airtists sic as [[Johnnie Taylor]] an [[the Dramatics]]. Early 1970s recordins bi [[the Detroit Emeralds]], sic as ''[[Do Me Right (album)|Do Me Right]]'', are a link atween soul an the later [[disco]] style. [[Motown|Motown Records]] airtists sic as [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Michael Jackson]], [[Stevie Wonder]] an [[Smokey Robinson]] contreibutit tae the evolution o soul muisic, awthou thair recordins wis considered mair in a [[pop muisic]] vein nor thaim o Redding, Franklin an Carr. Awthou stylistically different frae clessic soul muisic, recordins bi [[Chicago]]-based airtists are aften considered pairt o the genre. Bi the early 1970s, soul muisic haed been influenced bi [[psychedelic rock]] an ither genres. Airtists lik James Brown led soul towards funk muisic, that becam teepifee'd bi 1970s baunds lik [[Parliament-Funkadelic]] an [[the Meters]]. Mair versatile groups sic as [[War (baund)|War]], [[Commodores|the Commodores]], an [[Earth, Wind & Fire|Earth, Wind and Fire]] becam popular aroond this time. Durin the 1970s, some slick an commercial [[blue-eyed soul]] acks lik Philadelphia's [[Hall & Oates]] an Oakland's [[Tower of Power]] achieved mainstream success, as did a new generation o street-corner harmony or "ceety-soul" groups sic as [[the Delfonics]] an the historically black [[Howard Varsity]]'s [[The Unifics|Unifics]]. The syndicatit muisic/dance variety telly series ''[[Soul Train]]'', hostit bi Chicago hamespun [[Don Cornelius]], debuted in 1971. The programme providit an ootlet fur soul muisic fur seevral decades, forby spawnin a franchise that saw the creation o a record label ([[SOLAR Records|Soul Train Records]]) that distributit muisic bi [[the Whispers]], [[Carrie Lucas]], an an up-an-comin group kent as [[Shalamar]]. Mony disputes led tae Cornelius spinnin aff the record label tae his talent beuker, [[Dick Griffey]], wha transformit the label intae [[SOLAR Records|Solar Records]], itsel a prominent soul muisic label throuoot the 1980s. The TV series continued tae air till 2006, awthou ither predominantly African-American muisic genres sic as hip-hop begoud owershadaein soul on the programme beginnin in the 1980s. ===Beyond=== As [[disco]] an funk muisickers haed hits in the late 1970s an early 1980s, soul wint in the direction o [[quiet storm]]. Wi its relaxed tempos an saft melodies, quiet storm soul teuk influences frae [[Jazz fusion|fusion]] an [[adult contemporary]]. Some funk baunds, sic as EW&F, the Commodores an [[Con Funk Shun]] wad hae a few quiet storm tracks on thair albums. Amang the maist successfu acks in this era include Smokey Robinson, Jeffry Osbourne, [[Peabo Bryson]], [[Chaka Khan]], an [[Larry Graham]]. Efter the decline o disco an funk in the early 1980s, soul muisic becam influenced bi [[Electro (muisic)|electro muisic]]. It becam less raw an mair slickly produced, resultin in a style that is kent as [[contemporary R&B]], that soondit gey different frae the oreeginal [[rhythm an blues]] style. The Unitit States saw the development o [[Neo soul|neo-soul]] aroond 1994. == Weel-kent labels an producers == === Motown Records === [[File:LeviStubbs.jpg|thumb|left|[[Levi Stubbs]] singin lead wi the Four Tops in 1966.]] [[Berry Gordy]]'s successfu Tamla/Motown group o labels wis weel-kent fur bein African American awned, unlik maist o the earlier independent R&B labels. Weel-kent airtists unner this label wur [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]], [[the Supremes]], [[the Temptations]], [[the Miracles]], the [[Four Tops]], [[the Marvelettes]], [[Mary Wells]], [[Junior Walker|Jr. Walker & the All-Stars]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Tammi Terrell]], [[Martha and the Vandellas]], an [[the Jackson 5]]. Hits wis makkit uisin a quasi-industrial "[[assemmly line]]" approach. The producers an sangwriters brocht airtistic sensitivity tae the three-meenit tunes. [[Brian Holland]], [[Lamont Dozier]] an [[Eddie Holland]] wur rarely oot o the chairts fur thair wirk as [[Sangwriter|sangwriters]] an [[Record producer|record producers]] fur [[the Supremes]], the [[Four Tops]] an [[Martha and the Vandellas]]. Thay alloued important elements tae shine throu the dense muisical textur. The rhythm wis emphasised bi haundclaps or [[tambourine]]. [[Smokey Robinson]] wis anither writer an record producer wha eikit leerics tae "[[The Tracks of My Tears]]" bi his group [[the Miracles]], that wis ane o the maist important sangs o the decade. === Stax Records an Atlantic Records === Stax Records an Atlantic Records wis independent labels that produced heich-quality dance records featurin mony weel-kent sangsters o the day. Thay tendit tae hae smawer ensembles markit bi expressive gospel-tinged vocals. Bress an saxophones wis uised extensively an aa. [[Stax Records]], foondit bi siblins Estelle an James Stewart, wis the seicont maist successfu record label ahint [[Motown|Motown Records]]. Thay wis reponsible fur lowsin hits bi [[Otis Redding]], [[Wilson Pickett]], [[the Staple Singers]], an mony mair. Ahmet Ertegun, wha haed anticipatit bein a diplomat till 1944 whan his faither dee'd, foondit [[Atlantic Records]] in 1947 wi his freend [[Herb Abramson]]. Ertegun wrate mony sangs fur [[Ray Charles]] an [[the Clovers]]. He even sang [[Backin vocalist|backup vocals]] fur his airtist [[Big Joe Turner]] on the sang "[[Shake, Rattle and Roll]]". == Subgenres == === Detroit (Motown) === Dominatit bi [[Berry Gordy]]'s [[Motown|Motown Records]] empire, Detroit's soul is strangly rhythmic an influenced bi gospel muisic. The Motown soond aften includes haund [[clappin]], a pouerfu [[bassline]], [[Strings section|strings]], [[Bress section|bress]] an [[vibraphone]]. Motown Records' hoose baund wis [[the Funk Brothers]]. [[AllMusic]] cites Motown as the pioneerin label o pop-soul, a style o soul muisic wi raw vocals, but polisht production an toned-doun subjeck maiter intendit fur pop radio an [[Crossower muisic|crossower]] success. Airtists o this style includit [[Diana Ross]], [[the Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]], an [[Billy Preston]]. Popular durin the 1960s, the style becam glossier durin the 1970s an led tae [[disco]]. In the late 2000s, the style wis reveesitit bi contemporary soul sangsters sic as [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Raphael Saadiq]] (speceefically his 2008 album ''[[The Way I See It]]'') an [[Solange Knowles]] (her 2008 album ''[[Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams]]''). === Deep an Soothren === [[File:Otis Redding.png|thumb|Soul sangster [[Otis Redding]] wis kent tae be an electrifyin stage presence.]] The terms "deep soul" an "Soothren soul" generally refer tae a drivin, energetic soul style combinin [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]]'s energy wi pulsatin soothren Unitit States [[gospel muisic]] soonds. [[Memphis, Tennessee]], label [[Stax Records]] nurtured a distinctive soond, that includit pittin vocals further back in the mix nor maist contemporary R&B records, uisin vibrant horn pairts in place o backgrund vocals, an a focus on the low end o the frequency spectrum. The vast feck o Stax lowses wis backit bi hoose baunds [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]] (wi [[Booker T. Jones]], [[Steve Cropper]], [[Donald "Duck" Dunn|Duck Dunn]], an [[Al Jackson Jr.|Al Jackson]]) an [[the Memphis Horns]] (the splinter horn section o [[the Mar-Keys]], trumpeter [[Wayne Jackson (muisicker)|Wayne Jackson]] an saxophonist [[Andrew Love (muisicker)|Andrew Love]]). === Memphis === Memphis soul is a shimmerin, sultry style o soul muisic produced in the 1960s an 1970s at [[Stax Records]] an [[Hi Records]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]. It featurt melancholic an melodic horns, [[Hammond organ]], bass, an drums, as heard in recordins bi Hi's [[Al Green]] an Stax's [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]]. The latter group whiles pleyed in the haurder-edgit [[Soothren soul]] style an aa. The Hi Records hoose baund ([[Hi Rhythm Section]]) an producer [[Willie Mitchell (muisicker)|Willie Mitchell]] developit a surgin soul style heard in the label's 1970s hit recordins. Some Stax recordins fit intae this style but haed thair awn unique soond. === New Orleans === The New Orleans soul scene directly cam oot o the rhythm an blues era, whan sic airtists as [[Little Richard]], [[Fats Domino]], an [[Huey "Piano" Smith]] makkit a huge impact on the pop an R&B chairts an a huge direct influence on the birth o [[funk]] muisic. The principal airchitect o Crescent Ceety's soul wis sangwriter, arranger, an producer [[Allen Toussaint]]. He wirkit wi sic airtists as [[Irma Thomas]] ("the Soul Queen o New Orleans"), Jessie Hill, [[Chris Kenner]], Benny Spellman, an [[Ernie K-Doe]] on the Minit/Instant label complex tae produce a distinctive New Orleans soul soond that generatit a passel o naitional hits. Ither weel-kent New Orleans hits cam frae Robert Parker, [[Betty Harris]], an [[Aaron Neville]]. Whiles record labels in New Orleans lairgely disappeart bi the mid-1960s, producers in the ceety continued tae record New Orleans soul airtists fur ither mainly New York Ceety an Los Angeles–based record labels—merkitly [[Lee Dorsey]] fur New York-based [[Amy Records]] an the Meters fur New York–based [[Josie Records]] an then LA-based [[Reprise Records]]. === Chicago === Chicago soul generally haed a licht gospel-influenced soond, but the lairge nummer o record labels based in the ceety tendit tae produce a mair diverse soond nor ither ceeties. [[Vee-Jay Records|Vee Jay Records]], that lastit till 1966, produced recordins bi [[Jerry Butler]], [[Betty Everett]], [[Dee Clark]], an [[Gene Chandler]]. [[Chess Records]], mainly a blues an rock an roll label, produced seevral major soul airtists, includin [[the Dells]] an [[Billy Stewart]]. [[Curtis Mayfield]] nae anly scored mony hits wi his group, [[the Impressions]], but wrate mony hit sangs fur Chicago airtists an produced hits on his awn labels fur [[the Fascinations]], [[Major Lance]], an the [[Five Stairsteps]]. === Philadelphia === Based maistly in the [[Philadelphia International Records|Philadelphia International]] record label, Philadelphia soul (or Philly soul) haed lush [[String section|string]] an [[Horn section|horn]] arreengements an [[doo-wop]]-inspirt vocals. [[Thom Bell]], an [[Gamble an Huff|Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff]] are considered the foonders o Philadelphia soul, that produced hits fur [[Patti LaBelle]], [[the O'Jays]], [[The Intruders (baund)|the Intruders]], [[the Three Degrees]], [[the Delfonics]], [[the Stylistics]], [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]], an [[The Spinners (American group)|the Spinners]]. === Progressive === [[File:BLACK SOUL SINGER ISAAC HAYES PERFORMS AT THE INTERNATIONAL AMPHITHEATER IN CHICAGO AS PART OF THE ANNUAL PUSH 'BLACK... - NARA - 556307.jpg|thumb|[[Isaac Hayes]] performin in 1973]] Bi the 1970s, African-American popular muisickers haed drawn frae the conceptual album-orientit approach o the then-burgeonin [[Progresive rock|progressive rock]] development. This progressive-soul development inspirt a newfoond sophisticatit muisicality an ambitious leericism in black pop. Amang thir muisickers wur [[Sly Stone]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Curtis Mayfield]], an [[George Clinton (funk muisicker)|George Clinton]]. In colloguin the progressive soul o the 1970s, Martin cites this period's albums frae Wonder (''[[Talking Book]]'', ''[[Innervisions]]'', ''[[Songs in the Key of Life]]''), [[War (baund)|War]] (''[[All Day Music]]'', ''[[The World Is a Ghetto]]'', ''[[War Live (album)|War Live]]''), an the [[Isley Brothers]] (''[[3 + 3]]''). [[Isaac Hayes]]'s 1969 recordin o "[[Walk On By]]" is considered a "clessic" o prog-soul, accordin tae ''[[City Pages]]'' jurnalist Jay Boller. Later prog-soul muisic includes recordins bi [[Prince (muisicker)|Prince]], [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Meshell Ndegeocello]], [[Joi (sangster)|Joi]], [[Bilal (American sangster)|Bilal]], [[Dwele]], [[Anthony David (sangster)|Anthony David]], [[Janelle Monáe]], an the [[Soulquarians]], an experimental black-muisic collective active durin the late 1990s an early 2000s. === Psychedelic === Psychedelic soul, whiles kent as "black rock", wis a blend o [[psychedelic rock]] an soul muisic in the late 1960s, that pavit the wey fur the mainstream emergence o funk muisic a few years later. Early pioneers o this subgenre o soul muisic include [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[Norman Whitfield]], an [[Isaac Hayes]]. Whiles psychedelic rock begoud its decline, the influence o psychedelic soul continued on an remeened prevalent throu the 1970s. === Breetish === [[File:Adele 'Adele Live 2016' - Nashville DSC04671 (30410853565).jpg|alt=|thumb|Adele performin in 2016]] In the early 1960s, smaw soul scenes begoud poppin up athort the UK. Liverpuil in pairticulair haed an established [[Black Breetish fowk|black]] commonty frae whilk airtists sic as Chants an Steve Aldo emergit an gae on tae record athin the [[Muisic o the Unitit Kinrick|Breetish muisic]] industrie. As a result, mony recordins wis commercially lowsed bi Breetish soul acks durin the 1960s that wis unable tae connect wi the mainstream mercat. Nivertheless, soul haes been a major influence on Breetish popular muisic syne the 1960s includin baunds o the [[Breetish Invasion]], maist signeeficantly [[the Beatles]]. Thare wis a haundfu o signeeficant Breetish [[blue-eyed soul]] acks, includin [[Dusty Springfield]] an [[Tom Jones]]. In the 1970s [[Carl Douglas]], [[The Real Thing (Breetish baund)|the Real Thing]] an [[Delegation (baund)|Delegation]] haed hits in the UK. American soul wis extremely popular amang some youth sub-culturs lik the [[Mod (subcultur)|mod]], [[Northren soul]] an modren soul muivements, but a clear genre o Breetish soul did nae emerge till the 1980s whan seevral airtists includin [[George Michael]], [[Sade (baund)|Sade]], [[Simply Red]], [[Lisa Stansfield]] an [[Soul II Soul]] enjoyed commercial success. The popularity o Breetish soul airtists in the U.S., maist merkitly [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Adele]], [[Estelle (muisickern)|Estelle]], [[Duffy (sangster)|Duffy]], [[Joss Stone]] an [[Leona Lewis]], led tae tauk o a "[[Breetish soul|Thrid Breetish Invasion]]" or "Breetish Soul Invasion" in the 2000s an 2010s. === Neo === Neo soul is a blend o 1970s soul-style vocals an instrumentation wi [[contemporar R&B]] soonds, [[Hip hop muisic|hip-hop]] beats, an poetic interludes. The style wis developit in the early tae mid-1990s, an the term wis coined in the early 1990s bi producer an [[record label]] executive [[Kedar Massenburg]]. A key element in neo-soul is a hivy dose o [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes]] or [[Wurlitzer electronic piano]] "pads" ower a mellae, groovin interpley atween the drums (uisually wi a rim shot snar soond) an a muitit, deep funky bass. The Fender Rhodes piano soond gies the muisic a wairm, organic chairacter. Weel-kent airtists include [[Jill Scott (sangster)|Jill Scott]], [[Lauryn Hill]], [[Aloe Blacc]] an [[Erykah Badu]]. Newer airtists lik [[H.E.R.]] an [[SZA]] are influenced bi neo soul an aa. === Northren === Northren soul is a muisic an dance muivement that emergit in the late 1960s oot o the Breetish [[Mod (subcultur)|mod subcultur]] in [[Northren Ingland]] an the [[Midlaunds|Inglis Midlaunds]], based on a pairticulair style o soul muisic wi a hivy beat an fast tempo. The phrase ''northern soul'' wis coined bi a jurnalist [[Dave Godin]] an popularised throu his column in ''Blues and Soul'' magazine. The rare soul records wis pleyed bi DJs at [[Nichtclub|nichtclubs]], an includit obscur 1960s an early 1970s American recordins wi an uptempo beat, sic as thaim on [[Motown]] an smawer labels, nae necessarily frae the [[Northren Unitit States]]. === Nu jazz an ither influenced electronica === Mony airtists in mony genres o [[electronic muisic]] (sic as [[Hoose muisic|hoose]], [[drum an bass]], [[UK gairage]], an [[dountempo]]) are hivily influenced bi soul, an hae produced mony soul-inspirt composeetions. == See an aw == * [[Neo soul]] * [[Leet o soul muisickers]] * [[Funk]] * [[Disco]] * [[African-American muisic]] * [[Muisic o the Unitit States]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * Adams, Michael (2008). Review o ''Atlantic Records: The House That Ahmet Built'', bi Susan Steinberg. ''Notes'' 65 (1), pgs. 157-158. * Cummings, Tony (1975). ''The Sound of Philadelphia.'' Lunnon: Eyre Methuen. * [[Colin Escott|Escott, Colin]]. (1995). Liner notes fur ''The Essential James Carr''. Razor an Tie Records. * [[Charlie Gillett|Gillett, Charlie]] (1974). ''Making Tracks.'' New York: E. P. Dutton. * [[Peter Guralnick|Guralnick, Peter]] (1986). ''Sweet Soul Music.'' New York: Harper & Row. * Hannusch, Jeff (1985). ''I Hear You Knockin': The Sound of New Orleans Rhythm and Blues.'' Ville Platte, LA: Swallow Publications. {{ISBN|0-9614245-0-8}}. * {{cite book|editor1-last=Hoard|editor1-first=Christian|editor2-last=Brackett|editor2-first=Nathan|year=2004|title=[[The New Rolling Stone Album Guide]]|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=9780743201698}} * Hoskyns, Barney (1987). ''Say it One More Time for the Broken Hearted.'' Glesga: Fontana/Collins. * Jackson, John A. (2004). ''A House on Fire: The Rise and Fall of Philadelphia Soul.'' New York: Oxford Varsity Press. {{ISBN|0-19-514972-6}}. * {{Citation |last=Martin |first=Bill |title=Listening to the Future: The Time of Progressive Rock |year=1998 |place=Chicago |publisher=Open Court |isbn=0-8126-9368-X |author-link=Bill Martin (philosophy)}} * Miller, Jim (editor) (1976). ''The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll''. New York: Rolling Stone Press/Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-73238-3}}. Chapter on "Soul," bi Guralnick, Peter, pp.&nbsp;194–197. * Pareles, Jon. 2004. Estelle Stewart Axton, 85, A Foonder o Stax Records. ''New York Times''. 27 Februar 2004, Section A, Page 25. * Pruter, Robert (1991). ''Chicago Soul: Making Black Music Chicago-Style''. Urbana, Illinois: Varsity o Illinois Press. {{ISBN|0-252-01676-9}}. * Pruter, Robert, editor (1993). ''Blackwell Guide to Soul Recordings.'' Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. {{ISBN|0-631-18595-X}}. * {{cite book |title=Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |date=June 19, 2008 |publisher=Alfred Music |isbn=978-0739075784 |ref={{sfnref|Rolling Stone 500 Songs|2010}}}} * Walker, Don (1985). ''The Motown Story.'' New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. * Winterson, Julia, Nickol, Peter, Bricheno, Toby (2003). ''Pop Music: The Text Book'', Edition Peters. {{ISBN|1-84367-007-0}}. == Further readin == {{sister project links|d=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|n=no|s=no}} * Garland, Phyl (1969). ''The Sound of Soul: the History of Black Music''. New York: Pocket Books, 1971, cop. 1969. xii, 212 p.&nbsp;300 p. + [32] p. o b & w photaes. * Cole, Laurence (2010). ''Deep Soul Ballads: From Sam Cooke to Stevie Wonder.'' Libri Publishing. {{ISBN|9781907471087}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soul Muisic}} [[Category:Soul muisic| ]] [[Category:African-American cultural history]] [[Category:African-American muisic]] [[Category:American styles o muisic]] [[Category:Cultur o the Soothren Unitit States]] [[Category:Muisical improvisation]] [[Category:Popular muisic]] [[Category:Radio formats]] [[Category:Rhythm an blues genres]] hr5dod87g13foaxoe27tehgiotmqgba 920401 920400 2026-08-02T20:33:21Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre | name = Soul | image = Ray Charles (1967).png | caption = [[Ray Charles]], ane o soul muisic's pioneers an maist influential airtists, in 1967. | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Rhythm an blues]]|[[Gospel muisic|gospel]]}} | cultural_origins = Late 1950s – early 1960s, U.S. | derivatives = {{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[contemporary R&B]]|[[hip-hop]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]}} | subgenres = {{hlist|[[Cinematic soul]]|[[Laitin soul]]|[[Motown (muisic style)|Motown soond]]|[[neo soul]]|[[retro-soul]]|[[quiet storm]]}} | fusiongenres = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop soul]]|[[nu jazz]]|[[pop soul]]|[[psychedelic soul]]|[[progressive soul]]|[[soul blues]]|[[soul jazz]]|[[smooth soul]]|[[swamp rock]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-swamp-rock-2522008 |title=What Is Swamp Rock? A look at this Southern mix of country, funk, and soul |last=Fontenot |first=Robert |date=2019-02-24 |publisher=Liveabout |access-date=2022-11-09 |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927125939/https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-swamp-rock-2522008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | regional_scenes = {{hlist|[[Breetish soul|Unitit Kinrick]]|[[Unitit States]]}} | local_scenes = {{hlist|[[Chicago soul|Chicago]]|[[Muisic o Detroit#R&B/Soul|Detroit]]|[[Memphis soul|Memphis]]|[[New York soul|New York Ceety]]|[[New Orleans soul|New Orleans]]|[[Northren soul|Northren Ingland]]|[[Philadelphia soul|Philadelphia]]|[[Soothren soul|Soothren Unitit States]]|[[Broun-eyed soul|West Coast]]}} | other_topics = * [[Blue-eyed soul]] * [[broun-eyed soul]] * [[Minneapolis soond]] * [[new jack swing]] * [[rare groove]] * [[slaw jam]] * [[urban contemporary muisic]] * [[Leet o soul muisickers]] * [[African-American muisic]] }} '''Soul muisic''' is a [[popular muisic]] genre that oreeginatit in [[African-American cultur|African-American]] [[African-American neebourheid|commonties]] throuoot the Unitit States in the late 1950s an early 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soul Music|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/soul-music|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Catchy rhythms, stressed bi haundclaps an extemporaneous bouk muivements, are an important hawmark o soul. Ither chairacteristics are a [[Caw an repone (muisic)|caw an repone]] atween the lead an [[Backin vocalist|backin vocalists]], an inspecially tense vocal soond, an occasional [[Muisical improvisation|improvisational]] addeetions, twirls, an auxiliary soonds. Soul muisic is kent fur reflectin African-American identity an stressin the importance o [[African-American cultur]]. Soul haes its ruits in [[Black Gospel muisic|African-American gospel muisic]] an [[rhythm an blues]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=|title=Soul music {{!}} Definition, Songs, Artists, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/soul-music|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Britannica|language=en}}</ref> an primarily combines elements o gospel, [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]] an [[jazz]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paese|first=Meagan|date=2018-02-16|title=Soul Music: Origins, Artists & the Sound That Shaped R&B|url=https://thehistoryofrockandroll.net/soul-music/|access-date=2026-08-02|website=The History of Rock and Roll Radio Show|language=en}}</ref> The genre emergit frae the pouer struggle tae increase black Americans' awareness o thair African auncestry, as a newfoond consciousness led tae the creation o muisic that boastit pride in bein black. Soul muisic becam popular fur dancin an listenin, an American record labels sic as [[Motown]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] an [[Stax Records|Stax]] wis influential in its proliferation durin the [[ceevil richts muivement]]. Soul becam popular warldwide an aa, directly influencin [[rock muisic]] an the [[muisic o Africae]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-KW9f02oNMC&pg=PA1|title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|date=2008|publisher=African Minds|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|language=en}}</ref> It haed a resurgence in the mid-tae late 1990s wi the subgenre [[neo soul]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cochrane|first=Naima|date=2020-03-26|title=2000: A Soul Odyssey|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/neo-soul-2000-dangelo-erykah-badu-9343438/|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> that incorporatit modren production elements an [[Hip hop muisic|hip-hop]] influences. Soul muisic dominatit the U.S. [[Hat R&B/Hip-Hop Sangs|R&B chairts]] in the 1960s, an mony recordins crossed ower intae the pop chairts in the Unitit States, Unitit Kinrick, an elsewhaur. Mony prominent soul airtists, includin [[Ray Charles]], [[Sam Cooke]], [[Otis Redding]], [[James Brown]], [[Aretha Franklin]], an mony acks unner the Motown label, sic as [[the Supremes]] an [[the Temptations]],<ref name=":0" /> wur heichly influential in the genre's development an aw gained widespreid popularity durin this time. Bi 1968, the soul muisic genre haed begun tae splinter. Some soul airtists muived tae [[funk]] muisic, whiles ither sangsters an groups developit slicker, mair sophisticatit, an in some cases mair socially conscious varieties. Bi the early 1970s, soul muisic haed begun tae absorb influences frae [[psychedelic rock]] an [[Progresive rock|progressive rock]], amang ither genres, leadin tae the creation o [[psychedelic soul]] an [[progressive soul]]. Prominent soul airtists o this era include [[Marvin Gaye]], [[The Jackson 5|Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Curtis Mayfield]], [[Isaac Hayes]], [[Al Green]], an [[Bill Withers]]. [[Neo soul]], that adoptit hip-hop influences, developit aroond 1994. Ither subgenres o soul include the "[[Motown|Motown sound]]", a mair rhythmic an [[Pop muisic|pop]]-freendly style that oreeginatit frae the eponymous label; [[Soothren soul]], a drivin, energetic variety combinin R&B wi soothren gospel muisic influences; [[Memphis soul]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-13|title=Digging Into the Classic Soul of Stax Records|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/stax-records-bandcamp-guide|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Bandcamp Daily}}</ref> a shimmerin, sultry style; [[New Orleans soul]], that emergit frae the rhythm an blues style; [[Chicago soul]], a lichter gospel-influenced soond; an [[Philadelphia soul]], a lush [[Orchestra|orchestral]] variety wi [[doo-wop]]-inspirt vocals. == History == === Oreegins === [[File:Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Ray Charles]] pioneered the soul muisic genre durin the 1950s bi combinin blues, rhythm an blues, an gospel styles.]] Soul muisic haes its ruits in [[Tradeetional black gospel|tradeetional African-American gospel muisic]] an [[rhythm an blues]] an as the hybridisation o thair respective religious an secular styles – in baith leerical content an instrumentation – that begoud in the 1950s. The term "soul" haed been uised amang African-American muisickers tae emphasise the feelin o bein an African American in the Unitit States. Accordin tae muisicologist [[Dr. Demento|Barry Hansen]],<blockquote>Thou this hybrid produced a clutch o hits in the R&B mercat in the early 1950s, anly the maist adventurous white fans felt its impact at the time; the rest haed tae wait fur the comin o soul muisic in the 1960s tae feel the rush o [[rock an roll]] sung gospel-style.</blockquote> [[File:JamesBrown.jpg|thumb|upright|[[James Brown]] wis kent as the "Godfaither o Soul".]] Accordin tae [[AllMusic]], "Soul muisic wis the result o the urbanisation an commercialisation o rhythm an blues in the '60s." The phrase "soul muisic" itsel, referrin tae gospel-style muisic wi secular leerics, wis furst attestit in 1961. The term "soul" in African-American parlance haes connotations o African-American pride an cultur. [[Gospel muisic|Gospel]] groups in the 1940s an '50s occasionally uised the term as pairt o thair names. The [[jazz]] style that oreeginatit frae gospel becam kent as [[soul jazz]]. As sangsters an arrangers begoud uisin techniques frae baith gospel an soul jazz in African-American popular muisic durin the 1960s, soul muisic gradually functioned as an umberellae term fur African-American popular muisic at the time. [[File:Sam_Cooke_1961.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Sam Cooke]] is regardit as ane o soul muisic's "forefaithers".]] Accordin tae the Acoustic Muisic Organisation, the "furst clear evidence o soul muisic shaws up wi [[the "5" Royales]], an ex-gospel group that turned tae R&B an in [[Faye Adams]], whase "Shake A Hand" becomes an R&B staundard". Important innovators whase recordins in the 1950s contreibutit tae the emergence o soul muisic includit [[Clyde McPhatter]], [[Hank Ballard]], an [[Etta James]]. [[Ray Charles]] is aften citit as popularisin the soul muisic genre wi his series o hits, stairtin wi 1954's "[[I Got a Woman]]". Sangster [[Bobby Womack]] said, "Ray wis the genius. He turned the warld ontae soul muisic." Charles wis appen in acknawledgin the influence o [[Pilgrim Travelers]] vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singin style. [[Little Richard]], wha inspired [[Otis Redding]], an [[James Brown]] baith wur equally influential. Brown wis nicknamed the "Godfaither o Soul Muisic", an Richard proclaimed himsel as the "Keeng o Rockin' an Rollin', Rhythm an Blues Soulin{{'"}}, acause his muisic embodied elements o aw three, an syne he inspired airtists in aw three genre. [[Sam Cooke]] an [[Jackie Wilson]] are aften acknawledgit as soul forefaithers an aa. Cooke becam popular as the lead sangster o the gospel group [[the Soul Stirrers]], afore controversially muivin intae secular muisic. His recordin o "[[You Send Me]]" in 1957 launched a successfu [[pop muisic]] career. Furthermair, his 1962 recordin o "[[Bring It On Home to Me]]" haes been descrieved as "perhaps the furst record tae define the soul experience". Jackie Wilson, a contemporary o baith Cooke an James Brown, achieved [[Crossower muisic|crossower]] success an aa, inspecially wi his 1957 hit "[[Reet Petite]]". He even wis pairticulairly influential fur his dramatic delivery an performances. === 1960s === [[File:Solomon Burke.jpg|thumb|[[Solomon Burke]] recordit fur [[Atlantic Records]] in the 1960s.]] Hauf-marrae-wife duo [[Ike & Tina Turner]] emergit as "leadin exponents" o soul muisic in the 1960s. Thair debut single "[[A Fool in Love]]" crossed ower tae the pop chairts in 1960. Thay earnt a [[Grammy Awairds|Grammy]] nomination fur thair sang "It's Gonna Work Out Fine" in 1962. Alang wi the Kings of Rhythm an the Ikettes, thay toured the [[Chitlin' Circuit]] as the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Writer [[Peter Guralnick]] is amang thaim tae identify [[Solomon Burke]] as a key feegur in the emergence o soul muisic, an [[Atlantic Records]] as the key [[record label]]. Burke's early 1960s sangs, includin "[[Cry to Me]]", "[[Just Out of Reach (of My Two Open Arms)]]" an "[[Down in the Valley (Solomon Burke sang)|Down in the Valley]]" are considered clessics o the genre. Guralnick wrate: <blockquote>Soul stairtit, in a sense, wi the 1961 success o Solomon Burke's "Just Out of Reach". Ray Charles, o coorse, haed awready enjoyed enormous success (on Atlantic an aa), as haed James Brown an Sam Cooke — maistly in a pop vein. Ilk o thir sangsters, thou, coud be leukit upon as an isolatit phenomenon; it wis anly wi the comin thegither o Burke an Atlantic Records that ye coud begin tae see onything even resemblin a muivement.</blockquote> [[File:Aretha Franklin on January 20, 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Aretha Franklin]] is widely kent as the "Queen o Soul".]] [[Ben E. King]] achieved success in 1961 wi "[[Stand by Me (Ben E. King sang)|Stand by Me]]" an aa, a sang directly based on a gospel hymn. Bi the mid-1960s, the initial successes o Burke, King, an ithers haed been surpassed bi new soul sangsters, includin [[Stax Records|Stax]] airtists sic as [[Otis Redding]] an [[Wilson Pickett]], wha mainly recordit in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], an [[Muscle Shoals, Alabama]]. Accordin tae [[Jon Landau]]:<blockquote>Atween 1962 an 1964 Redding recordit a series o soul ballads chairacterised bi unabashedly sentimental leerics uisually beggin forgieness or askin a lassfreend tae come hame... He suin becam kent as "Mr. Pitiful" an earnt a reputation as the leadin performer ofsoul ballads.</blockquote> The maist important female soul sangster tae emerge wis [[Aretha Franklin]], oreeginally a gospel sangster wha begoud tae mak secular recordins in 1960 but whase career wis later revitalisit bi her recordins fur Atlantic. Her 1967 recordins, sic as "[[I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)]]", "[[Respect (sang)|Respect]]" (written an oreeginally recordit bi Otis Redding), an "[[Do Right Woman, Do Right Man]]" (written bi [[Chips Moman]] an [[Dan Penn]]), wis signeeficant an commercially successfu recordins. Soul muisic dominatit the U.S. African-American muisic chairts in the 1960s, an mony recordins crossed ower intae the pop chairts in the U.S. Otis Redding wis a huge success at the [[Monterey Internaitional Pop Fest]] in 1967. The genre becam heichly popular in the UK an aa, whaur mony leadin acks toured in the late 1960s. "Soul" becam an umberellae term fur an increasingly wide variety o R&B-based muisic styles – frae the dance an pop-orientit acks at [[Motown|Motown Records]] in [[Detroit]], sic as [[the Temptations]], [[Marvin Gaye]] an [[Stevie Wonder]], tae "[[Soothren soul|deep soul]]" performers sic as [[Percy Sledge]] an [[James Carr (sangster)|James Carr]]. Different regions an ceeties athin the U.S., includin New York Ceety, Detroit, Chicago, [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[New Orleans]], [[Philadelphia]], an Muscle Shoals, Alabama (the hame o [[FAME Studios]] an [[Muscle Shoals Sound Studios]]) becam notit fur different subgenres o the muisic an recordin styles. Bi 1968, whiles at its peak o popularity, soul begoud tae fragment intae different subgenres. Airtists sic as James Brown an [[Sly and the Family Stone]] evolvit intae [[funk]] muisic, whiles ither sangsters sic as Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, [[Curtis Mayfield]] an [[Al Green]] developit slicker, mair sophisticatit an in some cases mair poleetically conscious varieties o the genre. Houiver, soul muisic continued tae evolve, informin maist subsequent forms o R&B frae the 1970s-onwaird, wi pockets o muisickers continuin tae perform in tradeetional soul style. === 1970s an 1980s === [[File:Marvin Gaye (1973).png|thumb|left|[[Marvin Gaye]] shiftit tae a socially conscious soond wi his 1971 hit "[[What's Going On (sang)|What's Going On]]".]] Mitchell's [[Hi Records]] continued in the [[Stax Records|Stax]] tradeetion o the previous decade, lowsin a string o hits bi Green, [[Ann Peebles]], [[Otis Clay]], [[O. V. Wright]] an [[Syl Johnson]]. [[Bobby Womack]], wha recordit wi Chips Moman in the late 1960s, continued tae produce soul recordins in the 1970s an 1980s. In [[Detroit]], producer [[Don Davis (muisic producer)|Don Davis]] wirkit wi [[Stax Records|Stax]] airtists sic as [[Johnnie Taylor]] an [[the Dramatics]]. Early 1970s recordins bi [[the Detroit Emeralds]], sic as ''[[Do Me Right (album)|Do Me Right]]'', are a link atween soul an the later [[disco]] style. [[Motown|Motown Records]] airtists sic as [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Michael Jackson]], [[Stevie Wonder]] an [[Smokey Robinson]] contreibutit tae the evolution o soul muisic, awthou thair recordins wis considered mair in a [[pop muisic]] vein nor thaim o Redding, Franklin an Carr. Awthou stylistically different frae clessic soul muisic, recordins bi [[Chicago]]-based airtists are aften considered pairt o the genre. Bi the early 1970s, soul muisic haed been influenced bi [[psychedelic rock]] an ither genres. Airtists lik James Brown led soul towards funk muisic, that becam teepifee'd bi 1970s baunds lik [[Parliament-Funkadelic]] an [[the Meters]]. Mair versatile groups sic as [[War (baund)|War]], [[Commodores|the Commodores]], an [[Earth, Wind & Fire|Earth, Wind and Fire]] becam popular aroond this time. Durin the 1970s, some slick an commercial [[blue-eyed soul]] acks lik Philadelphia's [[Hall & Oates]] an Oakland's [[Tower of Power]] achieved mainstream success, as did a new generation o street-corner harmony or "ceety-soul" groups sic as [[the Delfonics]] an the historically black [[Howard Varsity]]'s [[The Unifics|Unifics]]. The syndicatit muisic/dance variety telly series ''[[Soul Train]]'', hostit bi Chicago hamespun [[Don Cornelius]], debuted in 1971. The programme providit an ootlet fur soul muisic fur seevral decades, forby spawnin a franchise that saw the creation o a record label ([[SOLAR Records|Soul Train Records]]) that distributit muisic bi [[the Whispers]], [[Carrie Lucas]], an an up-an-comin group kent as [[Shalamar]]. Mony disputes led tae Cornelius spinnin aff the record label tae his talent beuker, [[Dick Griffey]], wha transformit the label intae [[SOLAR Records|Solar Records]], itsel a prominent soul muisic label throuoot the 1980s. The TV series continued tae air till 2006, awthou ither predominantly African-American muisic genres sic as hip-hop begoud owershadaein soul on the programme beginnin in the 1980s. ===Beyond=== As [[disco]] an funk muisickers haed hits in the late 1970s an early 1980s, soul wint in the direction o [[quiet storm]]. Wi its relaxed tempos an saft melodies, quiet storm soul teuk influences frae [[Jazz fusion|fusion]] an [[adult contemporary]]. Some funk baunds, sic as EW&F, the Commodores an [[Con Funk Shun]] wad hae a few quiet storm tracks on thair albums. Amang the maist successfu acks in this era include Smokey Robinson, Jeffry Osbourne, [[Peabo Bryson]], [[Chaka Khan]], an [[Larry Graham]]. Efter the decline o disco an funk in the early 1980s, soul muisic becam influenced bi [[Electro (muisic)|electro muisic]]. It becam less raw an mair slickly produced, resultin in a style that is kent as [[contemporary R&B]], that soondit gey different frae the oreeginal [[rhythm an blues]] style. The Unitit States saw the development o [[Neo soul|neo-soul]] aroond 1994. == Weel-kent labels an producers == === Motown Records === [[File:LeviStubbs.jpg|thumb|left|[[Levi Stubbs]] singin lead wi the Four Tops in 1966.]] [[Berry Gordy]]'s successfu Tamla/Motown group o labels wis weel-kent fur bein African American awned, unlik maist o the earlier independent R&B labels. Weel-kent airtists unner this label wur [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]], [[the Supremes]], [[the Temptations]], [[the Miracles]], the [[Four Tops]], [[the Marvelettes]], [[Mary Wells]], [[Junior Walker|Jr. Walker & the All-Stars]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Tammi Terrell]], [[Martha and the Vandellas]], an [[the Jackson 5]]. Hits wis makkit uisin a quasi-industrial "[[assemmly line]]" approach. The producers an sangwriters brocht airtistic sensitivity tae the three-meenit tunes. [[Brian Holland]], [[Lamont Dozier]] an [[Eddie Holland]] wur rarely oot o the chairts fur thair wirk as [[Sangwriter|sangwriters]] an [[Record producer|record producers]] fur [[the Supremes]], the [[Four Tops]] an [[Martha and the Vandellas]]. Thay alloued important elements tae shine throu the dense muisical textur. The rhythm wis emphasised bi haundclaps or [[tambourine]]. [[Smokey Robinson]] wis anither writer an record producer wha eikit leerics tae "[[The Tracks of My Tears]]" bi his group [[the Miracles]], that wis ane o the maist important sangs o the decade. === Stax Records an Atlantic Records === Stax Records an Atlantic Records wis independent labels that produced heich-quality dance records featurin mony weel-kent sangsters o the day. Thay tendit tae hae smawer ensembles markit bi expressive gospel-tinged vocals. Bress an saxophones wis uised extensively an aa. [[Stax Records]], foondit bi siblins Estelle an James Stewart, wis the seicont maist successfu record label ahint [[Motown|Motown Records]]. Thay wis reponsible fur lowsin hits bi [[Otis Redding]], [[Wilson Pickett]], [[the Staple Singers]], an mony mair. Ahmet Ertegun, wha haed anticipatit bein a diplomat till 1944 whan his faither dee'd, foondit [[Atlantic Records]] in 1947 wi his freend [[Herb Abramson]]. Ertegun wrate mony sangs fur [[Ray Charles]] an [[the Clovers]]. He even sang [[Backin vocalist|backup vocals]] fur his airtist [[Big Joe Turner]] on the sang "[[Shake, Rattle and Roll]]". == Subgenres == === Detroit (Motown) === Dominatit bi [[Berry Gordy]]'s [[Motown|Motown Records]] empire, Detroit's soul is strangly rhythmic an influenced bi gospel muisic. The Motown soond aften includes haund [[clappin]], a pouerfu [[bassline]], [[Strings section|strings]], [[Bress section|bress]] an [[vibraphone]]. Motown Records' hoose baund wis [[the Funk Brothers]]. [[AllMusic]] cites Motown as the pioneerin label o pop-soul, a style o soul muisic wi raw vocals, but polisht production an toned-doun subjeck maiter intendit fur pop radio an [[Crossower muisic|crossower]] success. Airtists o this style includit [[Diana Ross]], [[the Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]], an [[Billy Preston]]. Popular durin the 1960s, the style becam glossier durin the 1970s an led tae [[disco]]. In the late 2000s, the style wis reveesitit bi contemporary soul sangsters sic as [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Raphael Saadiq]] (speceefically his 2008 album ''[[The Way I See It]]'') an [[Solange Knowles]] (her 2008 album ''[[Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams]]''). === Deep an Soothren === [[File:Otis Redding.png|thumb|Soul sangster [[Otis Redding]] wis kent tae be an electrifyin stage presence.]] The terms "deep soul" an "Soothren soul" generally refer tae a drivin, energetic soul style combinin [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]]'s energy wi pulsatin soothren Unitit States [[gospel muisic]] soonds. [[Memphis, Tennessee]], label [[Stax Records]] nurtured a distinctive soond, that includit pittin vocals further back in the mix nor maist contemporary R&B records, uisin vibrant horn pairts in place o backgrund vocals, an a focus on the low end o the frequency spectrum. The vast feck o Stax lowses wis backit bi hoose baunds [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]] (wi [[Booker T. Jones]], [[Steve Cropper]], [[Donald "Duck" Dunn|Duck Dunn]], an [[Al Jackson Jr.|Al Jackson]]) an [[the Memphis Horns]] (the splinter horn section o [[the Mar-Keys]], trumpeter [[Wayne Jackson (muisicker)|Wayne Jackson]] an saxophonist [[Andrew Love (muisicker)|Andrew Love]]). === Memphis === Memphis soul is a shimmerin, sultry style o soul muisic produced in the 1960s an 1970s at [[Stax Records]] an [[Hi Records]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]. It featurt melancholic an melodic horns, [[Hammond organ]], bass, an drums, as heard in recordins bi Hi's [[Al Green]] an Stax's [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]]. The latter group whiles pleyed in the haurder-edgit [[Soothren soul]] style an aa. The Hi Records hoose baund ([[Hi Rhythm Section]]) an producer [[Willie Mitchell (muisicker)|Willie Mitchell]] developit a surgin soul style heard in the label's 1970s hit recordins. Some Stax recordins fit intae this style but haed thair awn unique soond. === New Orleans === The New Orleans soul scene directly cam oot o the rhythm an blues era, whan sic airtists as [[Little Richard]], [[Fats Domino]], an [[Huey "Piano" Smith]] makkit a huge impact on the pop an R&B chairts an a huge direct influence on the birth o [[funk]] muisic. The principal airchitect o Crescent Ceety's soul wis sangwriter, arranger, an producer [[Allen Toussaint]]. He wirkit wi sic airtists as [[Irma Thomas]] ("the Soul Queen o New Orleans"), Jessie Hill, [[Chris Kenner]], Benny Spellman, an [[Ernie K-Doe]] on the Minit/Instant label complex tae produce a distinctive New Orleans soul soond that generatit a passel o naitional hits. Ither weel-kent New Orleans hits cam frae Robert Parker, [[Betty Harris]], an [[Aaron Neville]]. Whiles record labels in New Orleans lairgely disappeart bi the mid-1960s, producers in the ceety continued tae record New Orleans soul airtists fur ither mainly New York Ceety an Los Angeles–based record labels—merkitly [[Lee Dorsey]] fur New York-based [[Amy Records]] an the Meters fur New York–based [[Josie Records]] an then LA-based [[Reprise Records]]. === Chicago === Chicago soul generally haed a licht gospel-influenced soond, but the lairge nummer o record labels based in the ceety tendit tae produce a mair diverse soond nor ither ceeties. [[Vee-Jay Records|Vee Jay Records]], that lastit till 1966, produced recordins bi [[Jerry Butler]], [[Betty Everett]], [[Dee Clark]], an [[Gene Chandler]]. [[Chess Records]], mainly a blues an rock an roll label, produced seevral major soul airtists, includin [[the Dells]] an [[Billy Stewart]]. [[Curtis Mayfield]] nae anly scored mony hits wi his group, [[the Impressions]], but wrate mony hit sangs fur Chicago airtists an produced hits on his awn labels fur [[the Fascinations]], [[Major Lance]], an the [[Five Stairsteps]]. === Philadelphia === Based maistly in the [[Philadelphia International Records|Philadelphia International]] record label, Philadelphia soul (or Philly soul) haed lush [[String section|string]] an [[Horn section|horn]] arreengements an [[doo-wop]]-inspirt vocals. [[Thom Bell]], an [[Gamble an Huff|Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff]] are considered the foonders o Philadelphia soul, that produced hits fur [[Patti LaBelle]], [[the O'Jays]], [[The Intruders (baund)|the Intruders]], [[the Three Degrees]], [[the Delfonics]], [[the Stylistics]], [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]], an [[The Spinners (American group)|the Spinners]]. === Progressive === [[File:BLACK SOUL SINGER ISAAC HAYES PERFORMS AT THE INTERNATIONAL AMPHITHEATER IN CHICAGO AS PART OF THE ANNUAL PUSH 'BLACK... - NARA - 556307.jpg|thumb|[[Isaac Hayes]] performin in 1973]] Bi the 1970s, African-American popular muisickers haed drawn frae the conceptual album-orientit approach o the then-burgeonin [[Progresive rock|progressive rock]] development. This progressive-soul development inspirt a newfoond sophisticatit muisicality an ambitious leericism in black pop. Amang thir muisickers wur [[Sly Stone]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Curtis Mayfield]], an [[George Clinton (funk muisicker)|George Clinton]]. In colloguin the progressive soul o the 1970s, Martin cites this period's albums frae Wonder (''[[Talking Book]]'', ''[[Innervisions]]'', ''[[Songs in the Key of Life]]''), [[War (baund)|War]] (''[[All Day Music]]'', ''[[The World Is a Ghetto]]'', ''[[War Live (album)|War Live]]''), an the [[Isley Brothers]] (''[[3 + 3]]''). [[Isaac Hayes]]'s 1969 recordin o "[[Walk On By]]" is considered a "clessic" o prog-soul, accordin tae ''[[City Pages]]'' jurnalist Jay Boller. Later prog-soul muisic includes recordins bi [[Prince (muisicker)|Prince]], [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Meshell Ndegeocello]], [[Joi (sangster)|Joi]], [[Bilal (American sangster)|Bilal]], [[Dwele]], [[Anthony David (sangster)|Anthony David]], [[Janelle Monáe]], an the [[Soulquarians]], an experimental black-muisic collective active durin the late 1990s an early 2000s. === Psychedelic === Psychedelic soul, whiles kent as "black rock", wis a blend o [[psychedelic rock]] an soul muisic in the late 1960s, that pavit the wey fur the mainstream emergence o funk muisic a few years later. Early pioneers o this subgenre o soul muisic include [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[Norman Whitfield]], an [[Isaac Hayes]]. Whiles psychedelic rock begoud its decline, the influence o psychedelic soul continued on an remeened prevalent throu the 1970s. === Breetish === [[File:Adele 'Adele Live 2016' - Nashville DSC04671 (30410853565).jpg|alt=|thumb|Adele performin in 2016]] In the early 1960s, smaw soul scenes begoud poppin up athort the UK. Liverpuil in pairticulair haed an established [[Black Breetish fowk|black]] commonty frae whilk airtists sic as Chants an Steve Aldo emergit an gae on tae record athin the [[Muisic o the Unitit Kinrick|Breetish muisic]] industrie. As a result, mony recordins wis commercially lowsed bi Breetish soul acks durin the 1960s that wis unable tae connect wi the mainstream mercat. Nivertheless, soul haes been a major influence on Breetish popular muisic syne the 1960s includin baunds o the [[Breetish Invasion]], maist signeeficantly [[the Beatles]]. Thare wis a haundfu o signeeficant Breetish [[blue-eyed soul]] acks, includin [[Dusty Springfield]] an [[Tom Jones]]. In the 1970s [[Carl Douglas]], [[The Real Thing (Breetish baund)|the Real Thing]] an [[Delegation (baund)|Delegation]] haed hits in the UK. American soul wis extremely popular amang some youth sub-culturs lik the [[Mod (subcultur)|mod]], [[Northren soul]] an modren soul muivements, but a clear genre o Breetish soul did nae emerge till the 1980s whan seevral airtists includin [[George Michael]], [[Sade (baund)|Sade]], [[Simply Red]], [[Lisa Stansfield]] an [[Soul II Soul]] enjoyed commercial success. The popularity o Breetish soul airtists in the U.S., maist merkitly [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Adele]], [[Estelle (muisickern)|Estelle]], [[Duffy (sangster)|Duffy]], [[Joss Stone]] an [[Leona Lewis]], led tae tauk o a "[[Breetish soul|Thrid Breetish Invasion]]" or "Breetish Soul Invasion" in the 2000s an 2010s. === Neo === Neo soul is a blend o 1970s soul-style vocals an instrumentation wi [[contemporar R&B]] soonds, [[Hip hop muisic|hip-hop]] beats, an poetic interludes. The style wis developit in the early tae mid-1990s, an the term wis coined in the early 1990s bi producer an [[record label]] executive [[Kedar Massenburg]]. A key element in neo-soul is a hivy dose o [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes]] or [[Wurlitzer electronic piano]] "pads" ower a mellae, groovin interpley atween the drums (uisually wi a rim shot snar soond) an a muitit, deep funky bass. The Fender Rhodes piano soond gies the muisic a wairm, organic chairacter. Weel-kent airtists include [[Jill Scott (sangster)|Jill Scott]], [[Lauryn Hill]], [[Aloe Blacc]] an [[Erykah Badu]]. Newer airtists lik [[H.E.R.]] an [[SZA]] are influenced bi neo soul an aa. === Northren === Northren soul is a muisic an dance muivement that emergit in the late 1960s oot o the Breetish [[Mod (subcultur)|mod subcultur]] in [[Northren Ingland]] an the [[Midlaunds|Inglis Midlaunds]], based on a pairticulair style o soul muisic wi a hivy beat an fast tempo. The phrase ''northern soul'' wis coined bi a jurnalist [[Dave Godin]] an popularised throu his column in ''Blues and Soul'' magazine. The rare soul records wis pleyed bi DJs at [[Nichtclub|nichtclubs]], an includit obscur 1960s an early 1970s American recordins wi an uptempo beat, sic as thaim on [[Motown]] an smawer labels, nae necessarily frae the [[Northren Unitit States]]. === Nu jazz an ither influenced electronica === Mony airtists in mony genres o [[electronic muisic]] (sic as [[Hoose muisic|hoose]], [[drum an bass]], [[UK gairage]], an [[dountempo]]) are hivily influenced bi soul, an hae produced mony soul-inspirt composeetions. == See an aw == * [[Neo soul]] * [[Leet o soul muisickers]] * [[Funk]] * [[Disco]] * [[African-American muisic]] * [[Muisic o the Unitit States]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * Adams, Michael (2008). Review o ''Atlantic Records: The House That Ahmet Built'', bi Susan Steinberg. ''Notes'' 65 (1), pgs. 157-158. * Cummings, Tony (1975). ''The Sound of Philadelphia.'' Lunnon: Eyre Methuen. * [[Colin Escott|Escott, Colin]]. (1995). Liner notes fur ''The Essential James Carr''. Razor an Tie Records. * [[Charlie Gillett|Gillett, Charlie]] (1974). ''Making Tracks.'' New York: E. P. Dutton. * [[Peter Guralnick|Guralnick, Peter]] (1986). ''Sweet Soul Music.'' New York: Harper & Row. * Hannusch, Jeff (1985). ''I Hear You Knockin': The Sound of New Orleans Rhythm and Blues.'' Ville Platte, LA: Swallow Publications. {{ISBN|0-9614245-0-8}}. * {{cite book|editor1-last=Hoard|editor1-first=Christian|editor2-last=Brackett|editor2-first=Nathan|year=2004|title=[[The New Rolling Stone Album Guide]]|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=9780743201698}} * Hoskyns, Barney (1987). ''Say it One More Time for the Broken Hearted.'' Glesga: Fontana/Collins. * Jackson, John A. (2004). ''A House on Fire: The Rise and Fall of Philadelphia Soul.'' New York: Oxford Varsity Press. {{ISBN|0-19-514972-6}}. * {{Citation |last=Martin |first=Bill |title=Listening to the Future: The Time of Progressive Rock |year=1998 |place=Chicago |publisher=Open Court |isbn=0-8126-9368-X |author-link=Bill Martin (philosophy)}} * Miller, Jim (editor) (1976). ''The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll''. New York: Rolling Stone Press/Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-73238-3}}. Chapter on "Soul," bi Guralnick, Peter, pp.&nbsp;194–197. * Pareles, Jon. 2004. Estelle Stewart Axton, 85, A Foonder o Stax Records. ''New York Times''. 27 Februar 2004, Section A, Page 25. * Pruter, Robert (1991). ''Chicago Soul: Making Black Music Chicago-Style''. Urbana, Illinois: Varsity o Illinois Press. {{ISBN|0-252-01676-9}}. * Pruter, Robert, editor (1993). ''Blackwell Guide to Soul Recordings.'' Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. {{ISBN|0-631-18595-X}}. * {{cite book |title=Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |date=June 19, 2008 |publisher=Alfred Music |isbn=978-0739075784 |ref={{sfnref|Rolling Stone 500 Songs|2010}}}} * Walker, Don (1985). ''The Motown Story.'' New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. * Winterson, Julia, Nickol, Peter, Bricheno, Toby (2003). ''Pop Music: The Text Book'', Edition Peters. {{ISBN|1-84367-007-0}}. == Further readin == {{sister project links|d=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|n=no|s=no}} * Garland, Phyl (1969). ''The Sound of Soul: the History of Black Music''. New York: Pocket Books, 1971, cop. 1969. xii, 212 p.&nbsp;300 p. + [32] p. o b & w photaes. * Cole, Laurence (2010). ''Deep Soul Ballads: From Sam Cooke to Stevie Wonder.'' Libri Publishing. {{ISBN|9781907471087}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soul Muisic}} [[Category:Soul muisic| ]] [[Category:African-American cultural history]] [[Category:African-American muisic]] [[Category:American styles o muisic]] [[Category:Cultur o the Soothren Unitit States]] [[Category:Muisical improvisation]] [[Category:Popular muisic]] [[Category:Radio formats]] [[Category:Rhythm an blues genres]] sk04mfd37da9xvh9twtttj88oqtqgz9 920402 920401 2026-08-02T20:59:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre | name = Soul | image = Ray Charles (1967).png | caption = [[Ray Charles]], ane o soul muisic's pioneers an maist influential airtists, in 1967. | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Rhythm an blues]]|[[Gospel muisic|gospel]]}} | cultural_origins = Late 1950s – early 1960s, U.S. | derivatives = {{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[contemporary R&B]]|[[hip-hop]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]}} | subgenres = {{hlist|[[Cinematic soul]]|[[Laitin soul]]|[[Motown (muisic style)|Motown soond]]|[[neo soul]]|[[retro-soul]]|[[quiet storm]]}} | fusiongenres = {{hlist|[[Hip-hop soul]]|[[nu jazz]]|[[pop soul]]|[[psychedelic soul]]|[[progressive soul]]|[[soul blues]]|[[soul jazz]]|[[smooth soul]]|[[swamp rock]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-swamp-rock-2522008 |title=What Is Swamp Rock? A look at this Southern mix of country, funk, and soul |last=Fontenot |first=Robert |date=2019-02-24 |publisher=Liveabout |access-date=2022-11-09 |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927125939/https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-swamp-rock-2522008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | regional_scenes = {{hlist|[[Breetish soul|Unitit Kinrick]]|[[Unitit States]]}} | local_scenes = {{hlist|[[Chicago soul|Chicago]]|[[Muisic o Detroit#R&B/Soul|Detroit]]|[[Memphis soul|Memphis]]|[[New York soul|New York Ceety]]|[[New Orleans soul|New Orleans]]|[[Northren soul|Northren Ingland]]|[[Philadelphia soul|Philadelphia]]|[[Soothren soul|Soothren Unitit States]]|[[Broun-eyed soul|West Coast]]}} | other_topics = * [[Blue-eyed soul]] * [[broun-eyed soul]] * [[Minneapolis soond]] * [[new jack swing]] * [[rare groove]] * [[slaw jam]] * [[urban contemporary muisic]] * [[Leet o soul muisickers]] * [[African-American muisic]] }} '''Soul muisic''' is a [[popular muisic]] genre that oreeginatit in [[African-American cultur|African-American]] [[African-American neebourheid|commonties]] throuoot the Unitit States in the late 1950s an early 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soul Music|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/soul-music|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Catchy rhythms, stressed bi haundclaps an extemporaneous bouk muivements, are an important hawmark o soul. Ither chairacteristics are a [[Caw an repone (muisic)|caw an repone]] atween the lead an [[Backin vocalist|backin vocalists]], an inspecially tense vocal soond, an occasional [[Muisical improvisation|improvisational]] addeetions, twirls, an auxiliary soonds. Soul muisic is kent fur reflectin African-American identity an stressin the importance o [[African-American cultur]]. Soul haes its ruits in [[Black Gospel muisic|African-American gospel muisic]] an [[rhythm an blues]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=|title=Soul music {{!}} Definition, Songs, Artists, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/soul-music|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Britannica|language=en}}</ref> an primarily combines elements o gospel, [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]] an [[jazz]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paese|first=Meagan|date=2018-02-16|title=Soul Music: Origins, Artists & the Sound That Shaped R&B|url=https://thehistoryofrockandroll.net/soul-music/|access-date=2026-08-02|website=The History of Rock and Roll Radio Show|language=en}}</ref> The genre emergit frae the pouer struggle tae increase black Americans' awareness o thair African auncestry, as a newfoond consciousness led tae the creation o muisic that boastit pride in bein black. Soul muisic becam popular fur dancin an listenin, an American record labels sic as [[Motown]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] an [[Stax Records|Stax]] wis influential in its proliferation durin the [[ceevil richts muivement]]. Soul becam popular warldwide an aa, directly influencin [[rock muisic]] an the [[muisic o Africae]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-KW9f02oNMC&pg=PA1|title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|date=2008|publisher=African Minds|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|language=en}}</ref> It haed a resurgence in the mid-tae late 1990s wi the subgenre [[neo soul]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cochrane|first=Naima|date=2020-03-26|title=2000: A Soul Odyssey|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/neo-soul-2000-dangelo-erykah-badu-9343438/|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> that incorporatit modren production elements an [[Hip hop muisic|hip-hop]] influences. Soul muisic dominatit the U.S. [[Hat R&B/Hip-Hop Sangs|R&B chairts]] in the 1960s, an mony recordins crossed ower intae the pop chairts in the Unitit States, Unitit Kinrick, an elsewhaur. Mony prominent soul airtists, includin [[Ray Charles]], [[Sam Cooke]], [[Otis Redding]], [[James Brown]], [[Aretha Franklin]], an mony acks unner the Motown label, sic as [[the Supremes]] an [[the Temptations]],<ref name=":0" /> wur heichly influential in the genre's development an aw gained widespreid popularity durin this time. Bi 1968, the soul muisic genre haed begun tae splinter. Some soul airtists muived tae [[funk]] muisic, whiles ither sangsters an groups developit slicker, mair sophisticatit, an in some cases mair socially conscious varieties. Bi the early 1970s, soul muisic haed begun tae absorb influences frae [[psychedelic rock]] an [[Progresive rock|progressive rock]], amang ither genres, leadin tae the creation o [[psychedelic soul]] an [[progressive soul]]. Prominent soul airtists o this era include [[Marvin Gaye]], [[The Jackson 5|Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Curtis Mayfield]], [[Isaac Hayes]], [[Al Green]], an [[Bill Withers]]. [[Neo soul]], that adoptit hip-hop influences, developit aroond 1994. Ither subgenres o soul include the "[[Motown|Motown sound]]", a mair rhythmic an [[Pop muisic|pop]]-freendly style that oreeginatit frae the eponymous label; [[Soothren soul]], a drivin, energetic variety combinin R&B wi soothren gospel muisic influences; [[Memphis soul]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-13|title=Digging Into the Classic Soul of Stax Records|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/stax-records-bandcamp-guide|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Bandcamp Daily}}</ref> a shimmerin, sultry style; [[New Orleans soul]], that emergit frae the rhythm an blues style; [[Chicago soul]], a lichter gospel-influenced soond; an [[Philadelphia soul]], a lush [[Orchestra|orchestral]] variety wi [[doo-wop]]-inspirt vocals. == History == === Oreegins === [[File:Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Ray Charles]] pioneered the soul muisic genre durin the 1950s bi combinin blues, rhythm an blues, an gospel styles.]] Soul muisic haes its ruits in [[Tradeetional black gospel|tradeetional African-American gospel muisic]] an [[rhythm an blues]] an as the hybridisation o thair respective religious an secular styles – in baith leerical content an instrumentation – that begoud in the 1950s. The term "soul" haed been uised amang African-American muisickers tae emphasise the feelin o bein an African American in the Unitit States. Accordin tae muisicologist [[Dr. Demento|Barry Hansen]],<blockquote>Thou this hybrid produced a clutch o hits in the R&B mercat in the early 1950s, anly the maist adventurous white fans felt its impact at the time; the rest haed tae wait fur the comin o soul muisic in the 1960s tae feel the rush o [[rock an roll]] sung gospel-style.</blockquote> [[File:JamesBrown.jpg|thumb|upright|[[James Brown]] wis kent as the "Godfaither o Soul".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Maycock|first=James|date=2003-10-29|title=James Brown: Soul Survivor|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/james-brown-soul-survivor/532/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=PBS|language=en-US}}</ref>]] Accordin tae [[AllMusic]], "Soul muisic wis the result o the urbanisation an commercialisation o rhythm an blues in the '60s."<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Soul|url=https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soul-ma0000002865|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=[[AllMusic]]|language=en}}</ref> The phrase "soul muisic" itsel, referrin tae gospel-style muisic wi secular leerics, wis furst attestit in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soul - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/soul|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Etymonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The term "soul" in African-American parlance haes connotations o African-American pride an cultur. [[Gospel muisic|Gospel]] groups in the 1940s an '50s occasionally uised the term as pairt o thair names. The [[jazz]] style that oreeginatit frae gospel becam kent as [[soul jazz]]. As sangsters an arrangers begoud uisin techniques frae baith gospel an soul jazz in African-American popular muisic durin the 1960s, soul muisic gradually functioned as an umberellae term fur African-American popular muisic at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Little Richard — Artist Biography|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/little-richard-mn0000824022|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=[[AllMusic]]|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Sam_Cooke_1961.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Sam Cooke]] is regardit as ane o soul muisic's "forefaithers".]] Accordin tae the Acoustic Muisic Organisation, the "furst clear evidence o soul muisic shaws up wi [[the "5" Royales]], an ex-gospel group that turned tae R&B an in [[Faye Adams]], whase "Shake A Hand" becomes an R&B staundard".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Timeline of Musical Styles & Guitar History|language=en-US|work=Acoustic Music|url=https://acousticmusic.org/research/history/timeline-of-musical-styles-guitar-history/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02}}</ref> Important innovators whase recordins in the 1950s contreibutit tae the emergence o soul muisic includit [[Clyde McPhatter]], [[Hank Ballard]], an [[Etta James]]. [[Ray Charles]] is aften citit as popularisin the soul muisic genre wi his series o hits, stairtin wi 1954's "[[I Got a Woman]]". Sangster [[Bobby Womack]] said, "Ray wis the genius. He turned the warld ontae soul muisic." Charles wis appen in acknawledgin the influence o [[Pilgrim Travelers]] vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singin style. [[Little Richard]], wha inspired [[Otis Redding]], an [[James Brown]] baith wur equally influential. Brown wis nicknamed the "Godfaither o Soul Muisic",<ref name=":1" /> an Richard proclaimed himsel as the "Keeng o Rockin' an Rollin', Rhythm an Blues Soulin{{'"}}, acause his muisic embodied elements o aw three, an syne he inspired airtists in aw three genre. [[Sam Cooke]] an [[Jackie Wilson]] are aften acknawledgit as soul forefaithers an aa. Cooke becam popular as the lead sangster o the gospel group [[the Soul Stirrers]], afore controversially muivin intae secular muisic. His recordin o "[[You Send Me]]" in 1957 launched a successfu [[pop muisic]] career. Furthermair, his 1962 recordin o "[[Bring It On Home to Me]]" haes been descrieved as "perhaps the furst record tae define the soul experience". Jackie Wilson, a contemporary o baith Cooke an James Brown, achieved [[Crossower muisic|crossower]] success an aa, inspecially wi his 1957 hit "[[Reet Petite]]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-29|title=James Brown {{!}} Biography, Songs, Movies, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Brown-American-singer|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Britannica|language=en}}</ref> He even wis pairticulairly influential fur his dramatic delivery an performances. === 1960s === [[File:Solomon Burke.jpg|thumb|[[Solomon Burke]] recordit fur [[Atlantic Records]] in the 1960s.]] Hauf-marrae-wife duo [[Ike & Tina Turner]] emergit as "leadin exponents" o soul muisic in the 1960s. Thair debut single "[[A Fool in Love]]" crossed ower tae the pop chairts in 1960. Thay earnt a [[Grammy Awairds|Grammy]] nomination fur thair sang "It's Gonna Work Out Fine" in 1962. Alang wi the Kings of Rhythm an the Ikettes, thay toured the [[Chitlin' Circuit]] as the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Writer [[Peter Guralnick]] is amang thaim tae identify [[Solomon Burke]] as a key feegur in the emergence o soul muisic, an [[Atlantic Records]] as the key [[record label]]. Burke's early 1960s sangs, includin "[[Cry to Me]]", "[[Just Out of Reach (of My Two Open Arms)]]" an "[[Down in the Valley (Solomon Burke sang)|Down in the Valley]]" are considered clessics o the genre. Guralnick wrate: <blockquote>Soul stairtit, in a sense, wi the 1961 success o Solomon Burke's "Just Out of Reach". Ray Charles, o coorse, haed awready enjoyed enormous success (on Atlantic an aa), as haed James Brown an Sam Cooke — maistly in a pop vein. Ilk o thir sangsters, thou, coud be leukit upon as an isolatit phenomenon; it wis anly wi the comin thegither o Burke an Atlantic Records that ye coud begin tae see onything even resemblin a muivement.</blockquote> [[File:Aretha Franklin on January 20, 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Aretha Franklin]] is widely kent as the "Queen o Soul".]] [[Ben E. King]] achieved success in 1961 wi "[[Stand by Me (Ben E. King sang)|Stand by Me]]" an aa, a sang directly based on a gospel hymn. Bi the mid-1960s, the initial successes o Burke, King, an ithers haed been surpassed bi new soul sangsters, includin [[Stax Records|Stax]] airtists sic as [[Otis Redding]] an [[Wilson Pickett]], wha mainly recordit in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], an [[Muscle Shoals, Alabama]]. Accordin tae [[Jon Landau]]:<blockquote>Atween 1962 an 1964 Redding recordit a series o soul ballads chairacterised bi unabashedly sentimental leerics uisually beggin forgieness or askin a lassfreend tae come hame... He suin becam kent as "Mr. Pitiful" an earnt a reputation as the leadin performer ofsoul ballads.</blockquote> The maist important female soul sangster tae emerge wis [[Aretha Franklin]], oreeginally a gospel sangster wha begoud tae mak secular recordins in 1960 but whase career wis later revitalisit bi her recordins fur Atlantic. Her 1967 recordins, sic as "[[I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)]]", "[[Respect (sang)|Respect]]" (written an oreeginally recordit bi Otis Redding), an "[[Do Right Woman, Do Right Man]]" (written bi [[Chips Moman]] an [[Dan Penn]]), wis signeeficant an commercially successfu recordins. Soul muisic dominatit the U.S. African-American muisic chairts in the 1960s, an mony recordins crossed ower intae the pop chairts in the U.S. Otis Redding wis a huge success at the [[Monterey Internaitional Pop Fest]] in 1967. The genre becam heichly popular in the UK an aa, whaur mony leadin acks toured in the late 1960s. "Soul" becam an umberellae term fur an increasingly wide variety o R&B-based muisic styles – frae the dance an pop-orientit acks at [[Motown|Motown Records]] in [[Detroit]], sic as [[the Temptations]], [[Marvin Gaye]] an [[Stevie Wonder]], tae "[[Soothren soul|deep soul]]" performers sic as [[Percy Sledge]] an [[James Carr (sangster)|James Carr]]. Different regions an ceeties athin the U.S., includin New York Ceety, Detroit, Chicago, [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[New Orleans]], [[Philadelphia]], an Muscle Shoals, Alabama (the hame o [[FAME Studios]] an [[Muscle Shoals Sound Studios]]) becam notit fur different subgenres o the muisic an recordin styles. Bi 1968, whiles at its peak o popularity, soul begoud tae fragment intae different subgenres. Airtists sic as James Brown an [[Sly and the Family Stone]] evolvit intae [[funk]] muisic, whiles ither sangsters sic as Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, [[Curtis Mayfield]] an [[Al Green]] developit slicker, mair sophisticatit an in some cases mair poleetically conscious varieties o the genre. Houiver, soul muisic continued tae evolve, informin maist subsequent forms o R&B frae the 1970s-onwaird, wi pockets o muisickers continuin tae perform in tradeetional soul style. === 1970s an 1980s === [[File:Marvin Gaye (1973).png|thumb|left|[[Marvin Gaye]] shiftit tae a socially conscious soond wi his 1971 hit "[[What's Going On (sang)|What's Going On]]".]] Mitchell's [[Hi Records]] continued in the [[Stax Records|Stax]] tradeetion o the previous decade, lowsin a string o hits bi Green, [[Ann Peebles]], [[Otis Clay]], [[O. V. Wright]] an [[Syl Johnson]]. [[Bobby Womack]], wha recordit wi Chips Moman in the late 1960s, continued tae produce soul recordins in the 1970s an 1980s. In [[Detroit]], producer [[Don Davis (muisic producer)|Don Davis]] wirkit wi [[Stax Records|Stax]] airtists sic as [[Johnnie Taylor]] an [[the Dramatics]]. Early 1970s recordins bi [[the Detroit Emeralds]], sic as ''[[Do Me Right (album)|Do Me Right]]'', are a link atween soul an the later [[disco]] style. [[Motown|Motown Records]] airtists sic as [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Michael Jackson]], [[Stevie Wonder]] an [[Smokey Robinson]] contreibutit tae the evolution o soul muisic, awthou thair recordins wis considered mair in a [[pop muisic]] vein nor thaim o Redding, Franklin an Carr. Awthou stylistically different frae clessic soul muisic, recordins bi [[Chicago]]-based airtists are aften considered pairt o the genre. Bi the early 1970s, soul muisic haed been influenced bi [[psychedelic rock]] an ither genres. Airtists lik James Brown led soul towards funk muisic, that becam teepifee'd bi 1970s baunds lik [[Parliament-Funkadelic]] an [[the Meters]]. Mair versatile groups sic as [[War (baund)|War]], [[Commodores|the Commodores]], an [[Earth, Wind & Fire|Earth, Wind and Fire]] becam popular aroond this time. Durin the 1970s, some slick an commercial [[blue-eyed soul]] acks lik Philadelphia's [[Hall & Oates]] an Oakland's [[Tower of Power]] achieved mainstream success, as did a new generation o street-corner harmony or "ceety-soul" groups sic as [[the Delfonics]] an the historically black [[Howard Varsity]]'s [[The Unifics|Unifics]]. The syndicatit muisic/dance variety telly series ''[[Soul Train]]'', hostit bi Chicago hamespun [[Don Cornelius]], debuted in 1971. The programme providit an ootlet fur soul muisic fur seevral decades, forby spawnin a franchise that saw the creation o a record label ([[SOLAR Records|Soul Train Records]]) that distributit muisic bi [[the Whispers]], [[Carrie Lucas]], an an up-an-comin group kent as [[Shalamar]]. Mony disputes led tae Cornelius spinnin aff the record label tae his talent beuker, [[Dick Griffey]], wha transformit the label intae [[SOLAR Records|Solar Records]], itsel a prominent soul muisic label throuoot the 1980s. The TV series continued tae air till 2006, awthou ither predominantly African-American muisic genres sic as hip-hop begoud owershadaein soul on the programme beginnin in the 1980s. ===Beyond=== As [[disco]] an funk muisickers haed hits in the late 1970s an early 1980s, soul wint in the direction o [[quiet storm]]. Wi its relaxed tempos an saft melodies, quiet storm soul teuk influences frae [[Jazz fusion|fusion]] an [[adult contemporary]]. Some funk baunds, sic as EW&F, the Commodores an [[Con Funk Shun]] wad hae a few quiet storm tracks on thair albums. Amang the maist successfu acks in this era include Smokey Robinson, Jeffry Osbourne, [[Peabo Bryson]], [[Chaka Khan]], an [[Larry Graham]]. Efter the decline o disco an funk in the early 1980s, soul muisic becam influenced bi [[Electro (muisic)|electro muisic]]. It becam less raw an mair slickly produced, resultin in a style that is kent as [[contemporary R&B]], that soondit gey different frae the oreeginal [[rhythm an blues]] style. The Unitit States saw the development o [[Neo soul|neo-soul]] aroond 1994. == Weel-kent labels an producers == === Motown Records === [[File:LeviStubbs.jpg|thumb|left|[[Levi Stubbs]] singin lead wi the Four Tops in 1966.]] [[Berry Gordy]]'s successfu Tamla/Motown group o labels wis weel-kent fur bein African American awned, unlik maist o the earlier independent R&B labels. Weel-kent airtists unner this label wur [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]], [[the Supremes]], [[the Temptations]], [[the Miracles]], the [[Four Tops]], [[the Marvelettes]], [[Mary Wells]], [[Junior Walker|Jr. Walker & the All-Stars]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Tammi Terrell]], [[Martha and the Vandellas]], an [[the Jackson 5]]. Hits wis makkit uisin a quasi-industrial "[[assemmly line]]" approach. The producers an sangwriters brocht airtistic sensitivity tae the three-meenit tunes. [[Brian Holland]], [[Lamont Dozier]] an [[Eddie Holland]] wur rarely oot o the chairts fur thair wirk as [[Sangwriter|sangwriters]] an [[Record producer|record producers]] fur [[the Supremes]], the [[Four Tops]] an [[Martha and the Vandellas]]. Thay alloued important elements tae shine throu the dense muisical textur. The rhythm wis emphasised bi haundclaps or [[tambourine]]. [[Smokey Robinson]] wis anither writer an record producer wha eikit leerics tae "[[The Tracks of My Tears]]" bi his group [[the Miracles]], that wis ane o the maist important sangs o the decade. === Stax Records an Atlantic Records === Stax Records an Atlantic Records wis independent labels that produced heich-quality dance records featurin mony weel-kent sangsters o the day. Thay tendit tae hae smawer ensembles markit bi expressive gospel-tinged vocals. Bress an saxophones wis uised extensively an aa. [[Stax Records]], foondit bi siblins Estelle an James Stewart, wis the seicont maist successfu record label ahint [[Motown|Motown Records]]. Thay wis reponsible fur lowsin hits bi [[Otis Redding]], [[Wilson Pickett]], [[the Staple Singers]], an mony mair. Ahmet Ertegun, wha haed anticipatit bein a diplomat till 1944 whan his faither dee'd, foondit [[Atlantic Records]] in 1947 wi his freend [[Herb Abramson]]. Ertegun wrate mony sangs fur [[Ray Charles]] an [[the Clovers]]. He even sang [[Backin vocalist|backup vocals]] fur his airtist [[Big Joe Turner]] on the sang "[[Shake, Rattle and Roll]]". == Subgenres == === Detroit (Motown) === Dominatit bi [[Berry Gordy]]'s [[Motown|Motown Records]] empire, Detroit's soul is strangly rhythmic an influenced bi gospel muisic. The Motown soond aften includes haund [[clappin]], a pouerfu [[bassline]], [[Strings section|strings]], [[Bress section|bress]] an [[vibraphone]]. Motown Records' hoose baund wis [[the Funk Brothers]]. [[AllMusic]] cites Motown as the pioneerin label o pop-soul, a style o soul muisic wi raw vocals, but polisht production an toned-doun subjeck maiter intendit fur pop radio an [[Crossower muisic|crossower]] success. Airtists o this style includit [[Diana Ross]], [[the Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]], an [[Billy Preston]]. Popular durin the 1960s, the style becam glossier durin the 1970s an led tae [[disco]]. In the late 2000s, the style wis reveesitit bi contemporary soul sangsters sic as [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Raphael Saadiq]] (speceefically his 2008 album ''[[The Way I See It]]'') an [[Solange Knowles]] (her 2008 album ''[[Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams]]''). === Deep an Soothren === [[File:Otis Redding.png|thumb|Soul sangster [[Otis Redding]] wis kent tae be an electrifyin stage presence.]] The terms "deep soul" an "Soothren soul" generally refer tae a drivin, energetic soul style combinin [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]]'s energy wi pulsatin soothren Unitit States [[gospel muisic]] soonds. [[Memphis, Tennessee]], label [[Stax Records]] nurtured a distinctive soond, that includit pittin vocals further back in the mix nor maist contemporary R&B records, uisin vibrant horn pairts in place o backgrund vocals, an a focus on the low end o the frequency spectrum. The vast feck o Stax lowses wis backit bi hoose baunds [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]] (wi [[Booker T. Jones]], [[Steve Cropper]], [[Donald "Duck" Dunn|Duck Dunn]], an [[Al Jackson Jr.|Al Jackson]]) an [[the Memphis Horns]] (the splinter horn section o [[the Mar-Keys]], trumpeter [[Wayne Jackson (muisicker)|Wayne Jackson]] an saxophonist [[Andrew Love (muisicker)|Andrew Love]]). === Memphis === Memphis soul is a shimmerin, sultry style o soul muisic produced in the 1960s an 1970s at [[Stax Records]] an [[Hi Records]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]. It featurt melancholic an melodic horns, [[Hammond organ]], bass, an drums, as heard in recordins bi Hi's [[Al Green]] an Stax's [[Booker T. & the M.G.'s]]. The latter group whiles pleyed in the haurder-edgit [[Soothren soul]] style an aa. The Hi Records hoose baund ([[Hi Rhythm Section]]) an producer [[Willie Mitchell (muisicker)|Willie Mitchell]] developit a surgin soul style heard in the label's 1970s hit recordins. Some Stax recordins fit intae this style but haed thair awn unique soond. === New Orleans === The New Orleans soul scene directly cam oot o the rhythm an blues era, whan sic airtists as [[Little Richard]], [[Fats Domino]], an [[Huey "Piano" Smith]] makkit a huge impact on the pop an R&B chairts an a huge direct influence on the birth o [[funk]] muisic. The principal airchitect o Crescent Ceety's soul wis sangwriter, arranger, an producer [[Allen Toussaint]]. He wirkit wi sic airtists as [[Irma Thomas]] ("the Soul Queen o New Orleans"), Jessie Hill, [[Chris Kenner]], Benny Spellman, an [[Ernie K-Doe]] on the Minit/Instant label complex tae produce a distinctive New Orleans soul soond that generatit a passel o naitional hits. Ither weel-kent New Orleans hits cam frae Robert Parker, [[Betty Harris]], an [[Aaron Neville]]. Whiles record labels in New Orleans lairgely disappeart bi the mid-1960s, producers in the ceety continued tae record New Orleans soul airtists fur ither mainly New York Ceety an Los Angeles–based record labels—merkitly [[Lee Dorsey]] fur New York-based [[Amy Records]] an the Meters fur New York–based [[Josie Records]] an then LA-based [[Reprise Records]]. === Chicago === Chicago soul generally haed a licht gospel-influenced soond, but the lairge nummer o record labels based in the ceety tendit tae produce a mair diverse soond nor ither ceeties. [[Vee-Jay Records|Vee Jay Records]], that lastit till 1966, produced recordins bi [[Jerry Butler]], [[Betty Everett]], [[Dee Clark]], an [[Gene Chandler]]. [[Chess Records]], mainly a blues an rock an roll label, produced seevral major soul airtists, includin [[the Dells]] an [[Billy Stewart]]. [[Curtis Mayfield]] nae anly scored mony hits wi his group, [[the Impressions]], but wrate mony hit sangs fur Chicago airtists an produced hits on his awn labels fur [[the Fascinations]], [[Major Lance]], an the [[Five Stairsteps]]. === Philadelphia === Based maistly in the [[Philadelphia International Records|Philadelphia International]] record label, Philadelphia soul (or Philly soul) haed lush [[String section|string]] an [[Horn section|horn]] arreengements an [[doo-wop]]-inspirt vocals. [[Thom Bell]], an [[Gamble an Huff|Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff]] are considered the foonders o Philadelphia soul, that produced hits fur [[Patti LaBelle]], [[the O'Jays]], [[The Intruders (baund)|the Intruders]], [[the Three Degrees]], [[the Delfonics]], [[the Stylistics]], [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]], an [[The Spinners (American group)|the Spinners]]. === Progressive === [[File:BLACK SOUL SINGER ISAAC HAYES PERFORMS AT THE INTERNATIONAL AMPHITHEATER IN CHICAGO AS PART OF THE ANNUAL PUSH 'BLACK... - NARA - 556307.jpg|thumb|[[Isaac Hayes]] performin in 1973]] Bi the 1970s, African-American popular muisickers haed drawn frae the conceptual album-orientit approach o the then-burgeonin [[Progresive rock|progressive rock]] development. This progressive-soul development inspirt a newfoond sophisticatit muisicality an ambitious leericism in black pop. Amang thir muisickers wur [[Sly Stone]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Curtis Mayfield]], an [[George Clinton (funk muisicker)|George Clinton]]. In colloguin the progressive soul o the 1970s, Martin cites this period's albums frae Wonder (''[[Talking Book]]'', ''[[Innervisions]]'', ''[[Songs in the Key of Life]]''), [[War (baund)|War]] (''[[All Day Music]]'', ''[[The World Is a Ghetto]]'', ''[[War Live (album)|War Live]]''), an the [[Isley Brothers]] (''[[3 + 3]]''). [[Isaac Hayes]]'s 1969 recordin o "[[Walk On By]]" is considered a "clessic" o prog-soul, accordin tae ''[[City Pages]]'' jurnalist Jay Boller. Later prog-soul muisic includes recordins bi [[Prince (muisicker)|Prince]], [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Meshell Ndegeocello]], [[Joi (sangster)|Joi]], [[Bilal (American sangster)|Bilal]], [[Dwele]], [[Anthony David (sangster)|Anthony David]], [[Janelle Monáe]], an the [[Soulquarians]], an experimental black-muisic collective active durin the late 1990s an early 2000s. === Psychedelic === Psychedelic soul, whiles kent as "black rock", wis a blend o [[psychedelic rock]] an soul muisic in the late 1960s, that pavit the wey fur the mainstream emergence o funk muisic a few years later. Early pioneers o this subgenre o soul muisic include [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[Norman Whitfield]], an [[Isaac Hayes]]. Whiles psychedelic rock begoud its decline, the influence o psychedelic soul continued on an remeened prevalent throu the 1970s. === Breetish === [[File:Adele 'Adele Live 2016' - Nashville DSC04671 (30410853565).jpg|alt=|thumb|Adele performin in 2016]] In the early 1960s, smaw soul scenes begoud poppin up athort the UK. Liverpuil in pairticulair haed an established [[Black Breetish fowk|black]] commonty frae whilk airtists sic as Chants an Steve Aldo emergit an gae on tae record athin the [[Muisic o the Unitit Kinrick|Breetish muisic]] industrie. As a result, mony recordins wis commercially lowsed bi Breetish soul acks durin the 1960s that wis unable tae connect wi the mainstream mercat. Nivertheless, soul haes been a major influence on Breetish popular muisic syne the 1960s includin baunds o the [[Breetish Invasion]], maist signeeficantly [[the Beatles]]. Thare wis a haundfu o signeeficant Breetish [[blue-eyed soul]] acks, includin [[Dusty Springfield]] an [[Tom Jones]]. In the 1970s [[Carl Douglas]], [[The Real Thing (Breetish baund)|the Real Thing]] an [[Delegation (baund)|Delegation]] haed hits in the UK. American soul wis extremely popular amang some youth sub-culturs lik the [[Mod (subcultur)|mod]], [[Northren soul]] an modren soul muivements, but a clear genre o Breetish soul did nae emerge till the 1980s whan seevral airtists includin [[George Michael]], [[Sade (baund)|Sade]], [[Simply Red]], [[Lisa Stansfield]] an [[Soul II Soul]] enjoyed commercial success. The popularity o Breetish soul airtists in the U.S., maist merkitly [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Adele]], [[Estelle (muisickern)|Estelle]], [[Duffy (sangster)|Duffy]], [[Joss Stone]] an [[Leona Lewis]], led tae tauk o a "[[Breetish soul|Thrid Breetish Invasion]]" or "Breetish Soul Invasion" in the 2000s an 2010s. === Neo === Neo soul is a blend o 1970s soul-style vocals an instrumentation wi [[contemporar R&B]] soonds, [[Hip hop muisic|hip-hop]] beats, an poetic interludes. The style wis developit in the early tae mid-1990s, an the term wis coined in the early 1990s bi producer an [[record label]] executive [[Kedar Massenburg]]. A key element in neo-soul is a hivy dose o [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes]] or [[Wurlitzer electronic piano]] "pads" ower a mellae, groovin interpley atween the drums (uisually wi a rim shot snar soond) an a muitit, deep funky bass. The Fender Rhodes piano soond gies the muisic a wairm, organic chairacter. Weel-kent airtists include [[Jill Scott (sangster)|Jill Scott]], [[Lauryn Hill]], [[Aloe Blacc]] an [[Erykah Badu]]. Newer airtists lik [[H.E.R.]] an [[SZA]] are influenced bi neo soul an aa. === Northren === Northren soul is a muisic an dance muivement that emergit in the late 1960s oot o the Breetish [[Mod (subcultur)|mod subcultur]] in [[Northren Ingland]] an the [[Midlaunds|Inglis Midlaunds]], based on a pairticulair style o soul muisic wi a hivy beat an fast tempo. The phrase ''northern soul'' wis coined bi a jurnalist [[Dave Godin]] an popularised throu his column in ''Blues and Soul'' magazine. The rare soul records wis pleyed bi DJs at [[Nichtclub|nichtclubs]], an includit obscur 1960s an early 1970s American recordins wi an uptempo beat, sic as thaim on [[Motown]] an smawer labels, nae necessarily frae the [[Northren Unitit States]]. === Nu jazz an ither influenced electronica === Mony airtists in mony genres o [[electronic muisic]] (sic as [[Hoose muisic|hoose]], [[drum an bass]], [[UK gairage]], an [[dountempo]]) are hivily influenced bi soul, an hae produced mony soul-inspirt composeetions. == See an aw == * [[Neo soul]] * [[Leet o soul muisickers]] * [[Funk]] * [[Disco]] * [[African-American muisic]] * [[Muisic o the Unitit States]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * Adams, Michael (2008). Review o ''Atlantic Records: The House That Ahmet Built'', bi Susan Steinberg. ''Notes'' 65 (1), pgs. 157-158. * Cummings, Tony (1975). ''The Sound of Philadelphia.'' Lunnon: Eyre Methuen. * [[Colin Escott|Escott, Colin]]. (1995). Liner notes fur ''The Essential James Carr''. Razor an Tie Records. * [[Charlie Gillett|Gillett, Charlie]] (1974). ''Making Tracks.'' New York: E. P. Dutton. * [[Peter Guralnick|Guralnick, Peter]] (1986). ''Sweet Soul Music.'' New York: Harper & Row. * Hannusch, Jeff (1985). ''I Hear You Knockin': The Sound of New Orleans Rhythm and Blues.'' Ville Platte, LA: Swallow Publications. {{ISBN|0-9614245-0-8}}. * {{cite book|editor1-last=Hoard|editor1-first=Christian|editor2-last=Brackett|editor2-first=Nathan|year=2004|title=[[The New Rolling Stone Album Guide]]|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=9780743201698}} * Hoskyns, Barney (1987). ''Say it One More Time for the Broken Hearted.'' Glesga: Fontana/Collins. * Jackson, John A. (2004). ''A House on Fire: The Rise and Fall of Philadelphia Soul.'' New York: Oxford Varsity Press. {{ISBN|0-19-514972-6}}. * {{Citation |last=Martin |first=Bill |title=Listening to the Future: The Time of Progressive Rock |year=1998 |place=Chicago |publisher=Open Court |isbn=0-8126-9368-X |author-link=Bill Martin (philosophy)}} * Miller, Jim (editor) (1976). ''The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll''. New York: Rolling Stone Press/Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-73238-3}}. Chapter on "Soul," bi Guralnick, Peter, pp.&nbsp;194–197. * Pareles, Jon. 2004. Estelle Stewart Axton, 85, A Foonder o Stax Records. ''New York Times''. 27 Februar 2004, Section A, Page 25. * Pruter, Robert (1991). ''Chicago Soul: Making Black Music Chicago-Style''. Urbana, Illinois: Varsity o Illinois Press. {{ISBN|0-252-01676-9}}. * Pruter, Robert, editor (1993). ''Blackwell Guide to Soul Recordings.'' Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. {{ISBN|0-631-18595-X}}. * {{cite book |title=Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |date=June 19, 2008 |publisher=Alfred Music |isbn=978-0739075784 |ref={{sfnref|Rolling Stone 500 Songs|2010}}}} * Walker, Don (1985). ''The Motown Story.'' New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. * Winterson, Julia, Nickol, Peter, Bricheno, Toby (2003). ''Pop Music: The Text Book'', Edition Peters. {{ISBN|1-84367-007-0}}. == Further readin == {{sister project links|d=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|n=no|s=no}} * Garland, Phyl (1969). ''The Sound of Soul: the History of Black Music''. New York: Pocket Books, 1971, cop. 1969. xii, 212 p.&nbsp;300 p. + [32] p. o b & w photaes. * Cole, Laurence (2010). ''Deep Soul Ballads: From Sam Cooke to Stevie Wonder.'' Libri Publishing. {{ISBN|9781907471087}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soul Muisic}} [[Category:Soul muisic| ]] [[Category:African-American cultural history]] [[Category:African-American muisic]] [[Category:American styles o muisic]] [[Category:Cultur o the Soothren Unitit States]] [[Category:Muisical improvisation]] [[Category:Popular muisic]] [[Category:Radio formats]] [[Category:Rhythm an blues genres]] 44s5fqm9kqswaxt5m1vgdqcbe9v3dm1 Collogue:Dawhoosie Castle 1 233828 920424 2026-08-03T10:34:58Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 Made page wi "{{translated page|en|Dalhousie Castle|small=no}} ~~~~" 920424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translated page|en|Dalhousie Castle|small=no}} [[Uiser:PurpleDinosaur585|PurpleDinosaur585]] ([[Uiser collogue:PurpleDinosaur585|tauk]]) 10:34, 3 August 2026 (UTC) knetzy47w0q3bu8j7jvrwynma4pudfw 920425 920424 2026-08-03T10:36:06Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 920425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translated page|en|Dalhousie Castle|small=no}} 9d9qud4aqpjzfy0ocz3v5ctuqwtig34