Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4571 920489 918816 2026-08-05T12:34:10Z ~2026-43232-59 135276 /* */ 920489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney 2029 | state = nsw | image = Sydney Skyline - panoramio (7).jpg | caption = [[Sydney Harbour]] (landmarks include [[Sydney Tower]], [[Fort Denison]], [[The Domain]], [[Sydney Opera House]] an [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]) | image_alt = | image2 = Free vector map of Sydney city Australia Level 12.svg | image2_alt = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | caption2 = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|54|S|151|12|34|E|display=inline,title}} | force_national_map = yes | pop = 5005400 | pop_year = 2016 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSA">{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=30 March 2017|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327212358/http://www8.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 400 | density_footnotes = (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=31 March 2016|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405011204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | established = [[Australia Day|26 Januar]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | timezone = [[Australie Eastren Staundart Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australie Eastren Daylicht Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[:en:Sydney#Government|various]] (31) | county = [[:en:Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | division = | stategov = [[:en:Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Coordinates''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' is the state capital o [[New Sooth Wales]] an the mucklemaist an maist populous city in [[Austrailie]]. Sydney is locatit on Austrailie's sooth-east coast o the [[Tasman Sea]]. Inhabitants o Sydney are cried Sydneysiders, comprisin a cosmopolitan an internaitional population o fowk frae numerous places aroond the warld. The steid o the first [[Breetish colony]] in Australie, Sydney wis established in 1788 at [[Sydney Cove]] bi [[Arthur Phillip]], commodore o the [[First Fleet]] as a [[penal colony]]. The city is biggit on hills surroondin [[Port Jackson]] that is aft kent as Sydney Harbour, whaur the iconic [[Sydney Opera Hoose]] an the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] featur prominently. The hinterland o the metropolitan area is surroondit bi [[naitional pairks]], an the coastal regions feature mony bays, rivers, inlets an [[Beaches in Sydney|beaches]] includin the kenspecklt [[Bondi Beach]]. Athin the city are mony notable pairks, includin [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] an the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Ceeties o Australie}} [[Category:Sydney| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1788]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Coastal ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Australie caipital ceeties]] {{Stub/Antip}} {{Stub/Ceity}} hnqd8nqqkvjmvjvo3jnlbviot3bkpfc 920490 920489 2026-08-05T13:33:48Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-43232-59, chynged back tae last version bi Divinations 917277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney | state = nsw | image = Sydney Skyline - panoramio (7).jpg | caption = [[Sydney Harbour]] (landmarks include [[Sydney Tower]], [[Fort Denison]], [[The Domain]], [[Sydney Opera House]] an [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]) | image_alt = | image2 = Free vector map of Sydney city Australia Level 12.svg | image2_alt = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | caption2 = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|54|S|151|12|34|E|display=inline,title}} | force_national_map = yes | pop = 5005400 | pop_year = 2016 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSA">{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=30 March 2017|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327212358/http://www8.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 400 | density_footnotes = (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=31 March 2016|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405011204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | established = [[Australia Day|26 Januar]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | timezone = [[Australie Eastren Staundart Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australie Eastren Daylicht Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[:en:Sydney#Government|various]] (31) | county = [[:en:Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | division = | stategov = [[:en:Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Coordinates''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' is the state capital o [[New Sooth Wales]] an the mucklemaist an maist populous city in [[Austrailie]]. Sydney is locatit on Austrailie's sooth-east coast o the [[Tasman Sea]]. Inhabitants o Sydney are cried Sydneysiders, comprisin a cosmopolitan an internaitional population o fowk frae numerous places aroond the warld. The steid o the first [[Breetish colony]] in Australie, Sydney wis established in 1788 at [[Sydney Cove]] bi [[Arthur Phillip]], commodore o the [[First Fleet]] as a [[penal colony]]. The city is biggit on hills surroondin [[Port Jackson]] that is aft kent as Sydney Harbour, whaur the iconic [[Sydney Opera Hoose]] an the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] featur prominently. The hinterland o the metropolitan area is surroondit bi [[naitional pairks]], an the coastal regions feature mony bays, rivers, inlets an [[Beaches in Sydney|beaches]] includin the kenspecklt [[Bondi Beach]]. Athin the city are mony notable pairks, includin [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] an the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Ceeties o Australie}} [[Category:Sydney| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1788]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Coastal ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Australie caipital ceeties]] {{Stub/Antip}} {{Stub/Ceity}} bem7a9q22k1mune99yr0792istjiaos 0 4982 920493 908795 2026-08-05T19:13:01Z Grilledcheeseisgreat 135002 impruived citations 920493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dablink|This is aboot the kintra in soothren Europe. For ither uises see [[San Marino (disambiguation)]]}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic o San Marino<ref name="cia"/><ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521449/San-Marino |title=San Marino |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2012 |accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> |native_name = {{native name|it|Repubblica di San Marino}} |common_name = San Marino |image_flag = Flag of San Marino.svg |alt_flag = Banner o San Marino |image_coat = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg |alt_coat = Coat o airms o San Marino |symbol_type = Coat o airms |national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Libertas"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Freedom"}} |national_anthem = ''[[Inno Nazionale della Repubblica]]''<br/>{{small|"Naitional Anthem o the Republic"}} |image_map = Location San Marino Europe.png |alt_map = Location o San Marino in Europe |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location San Marino Europe.png}} |coordinates = {{Coord|43|56|N|12|26|E|type:city}} |capital = [[Ceety o San Marino]] |largest_settlement = [[Dogana]]<br>{{small|{{coord|43|58|52.57|N|12|29|22.2|E|display=inline}}}} |largest_settlement_type = settlement |official_languages = [[Italian leid|Italian]] |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |[[Sammarinese]] |[[Italians]] |[[Inglis fowk|Inglis]]}} |demonym = [[Sammarinese]] |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Piarlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[Directorial seestem|directorial]] [[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[:en:Captains Regent|Captains Regent]] |leader_name1 = [[Denise Bronzetti]]<br>[[Italo Righi]] |legislature = [[Grand and General Council]] |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]] |established_event1 = frae the [[Roman Empire]] |established_date1 = 3 September 301^a |established_event2 = [[Constitution o San Marino|Constitution]] |established_date2 = 8 October 1600 |area_rank = 222nt |area_km2 = 61.2 |area_sq_mi = |area_footnote = <ref name="cia"/> |percent_water = 0 |population_estimate = 33,285<ref name="cia"/> |population_estimate_rank = 216t |population_estimate_year = 2016 (July) |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 520 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$1.17 billion}}<ref name="smgdp">[http://www.statistica.sm/contents/instance15/files/document/14001294ContoGenRedNaz_2.pdf Conto della Generazione dei Redditi Nazionali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320160126/http://www.statistica.sm/contents/instance15/files/document/14001294ContoGenRedNaz_2.pdf |date=2012-03-20 }}, Upeceds, Government of San Marino. Accessed on 6 June 2010.</ref><ref name="wdi">[http://data.worldbank.org/country/san-marino an Marino]. [[World Bank]]. Note: "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)" for Italy was used.</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 177t |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $35,928<ref name="smgdp"/><ref name="wdi"/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 24t |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|{{US$|1.44}} billion}}<ref name="smgdp"/><ref name="wdi"/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 163rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2008 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{US$|44,208}}<ref name="smgdp"/><ref name="wdi"/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15t |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.875 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>[http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/workingpaper/wp_09_02.pdf Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005100501/http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/workingpaper/wp_09_02.pdf |date=2011-10-05 }}, United Nations ESCAP, February 2009</ref> |HDI_rank = 26th |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |DST_note = |date_format = |drives_on = right |patron_saint = [[Saunt Marinus]]<br>[[Saunt Agatha]] |calling_code = [[+378]] (+39 0549 cryin via Italy) |cctld = [[.sm]] |footnote_a = Bi tradeetion. |footnote_b = [[Leet o kintras bi Human Development Index#UN member states (latest UNDP data)]]. |footnotes = Soorces: {{lower|0.4em|{{big|<ref name="cia"/><ref name="unece">{{cite web |url=http://www.unece.org/stats/profiles2009/san_marino.pdf |title=San Marino |work=UNECE Statistics Programme |year=2009 |publisher=[[UNECE]] |accessdate=13 March 2010 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630042132/http://www.unece.org/stats/profiles2009/san_marino.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><!--end big:-->}}}} }} [[File:San Marino.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''San Marino''', kent offeecially as the '''Maist Serene Republic o San Marino''' ([[Italian leid|Italian]]: ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino'') is a wee kintra situatit on the eastren side o the [[Apennine Mountains]]. It is an [[enclave an exclave|enclave]], in [[Italy]]. Its size is juist ower 61 km2 (24 sq mi) wi an estimatit population o amaist 30,000. Its caipital is the [[Ceety o San Marino]]. Ane o the [[European microstates]], alang wi [[Liechtenstein]], the [[Vatican Ceety|Vatican]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorrae]], an [[Maltae]], San Marino haes the smawest population o aw the members o the [[Council o Europe]]. San Marino is the auldest survivin sovereign state an constitutional [[republic]] in the warld, as the continuation o the monastic community foondit on 3 September 301, bi stonecutter [[Saunt Marinus|Marinus]] o [[Arbe]]. Legend haes it that Marinus left Rab, then the Roman colony o Arba, in 257 when the future emperor, [[Diocletian]], issued a decree cawin for the reconstruction o the ceety walls o [[Rimini]], which haed been destroyed bi [[Liburnians|Liburnian pirates]]. The [[constitution o San Marino]], enactit in 1600, is the warld's auldest [[constitution]] still in effect.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Law Library {{!}} Law Library of Congress {{!}} Research Centers {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center/|access-date=2026-08-05|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> The kintra's economy mainly relies on tourism, an San Marino's cultur remains Italian, mainly [[Emilia-Romagna]]n in essence. It is ane o the wealthiest kintras in the warld in terms o [[Leet o kintras bi GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (per capita)]], wi a figure comparable tae some o the mair developed Italian regions, sic as [[Lombardy]] an the [[Province o Bolzano-Bozen]]. San Marino is considered tae hae a hichtlit stable economy, wi the lawest [[unemployment]] rate in Europe, nae [[naitional debt]] an a budget surplus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Marino - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/|access-date=2026-08-05|website=www.cia.gov|language=en}}</ref> == History == {{Main|History o San Marino}} [[File:Marino als steinhauer.png|thumb|left|Illustration o [[Saunt Marinus]], the foonder o the Republic o San Marino, an prominent cultural figure]] Accordin tae tradeetion, [[Saunt Marinus]] left the island o [[Rab]] in present-day [[Croatie]] wi his lifelang friend Leo, an went tae the ceety o [[Rimini]] as a mason. Efter the [[Diocletianic Persecution]] follaein his Christian sermons, he escaped tae the nearby [[Monte Titano]], whaur he biggit a sma kirk an sicweys foondit what is nou the ceety an state o San Marino. The offeecial date o foondation o the Republic is 3 September 301. Bi the mid-5t century, a community wis formed; acause o its relatively inaccessible location an its poverty, it haes succeeded, wi a few brief interruptions, in maintainin its unthirldom. In 1631, its unthirldom wis recognised bi the [[Papacy]]. The advance o [[Napoleon]]'s airmy in 1797 presentit a brief threat tae the unthirldom o San Marino, but the kintra wis spared its leeberty thanks tae ane o its Regents, Antonio Onofri, who managed tae gain the respect an friendship o Napoleon. Thanks tae his intervention, Napoleon, in a letter delivered tae [[Gaspard Monge]], scientist an commissary o the French Govrenment for Science an Airt, promised tae guarantee an pertect the unthirldom o the Republic, afferin tae extend its territory accordin tae its needs. The affer wis declined bi San Marino, fearin tae provoke future [[revanchism]] that might threaten its freedom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanmarinosite.com/eng/napoleone.html |title=From 1500 to beginning 1800, Napoleon in San Marino |publisher=Sanmarinosite.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-24 |archive-date=2009-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518123316/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/eng/napoleone.html |url-status=dead |language=en}}</ref> [[File:San Marino constitution 1600.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The San Marino constitution o 1600]] During the later phase o the [[Italian unification]] process in the 19t century, San Marino served as a refuge for mony fowk persecutit acause o thair support for unification. In recognition o this support, [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] acceptit the wish o San Marino no tae be incorporatit intae the new Italian state. The govrenment o San Marino made [[Unitit States]] Preses [[Abraham Lincoln]] an honorary ceetizen. He wrote in reply, sayin that the republic proved that "government foondit on republican principles is capable o being so administered as tae be secure an endurin."<ref>[[Irving Wallace]], ''The Book of Lists 3''</ref> ==== 20t century ==== Durin [[Warld War I]], when Italy declared war on [[Austrick-Hungary]] on 23 Mey 1915, San Marino remained neutral an Italy adoptit a hostile view o Sammarinese neutrality, suspectin that San Marino coud harbor Austrian spies who coud be gien access tae its new radiotelegraph station. Italy tried tae forcibly establish a detachment o [[Carabinieri]] in the Republic an then cut the Republic's telephone lines when it did no comply. Twa groups o ten volunteers did, housomeivver, jyne Italian forces in the fechtin on the [[Italian Campaign (Warld War I)|Italian front]], the first as combatants an the seicont as a Medical Corps operatin a Reid Cross field hospital. The existence o this hospital later caused Austrick-Hungary tae suspend diplomatic relations wi San Marino.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educazione.sm/scuola/servizi/CD_virtuali/lavori_scuole/sanmarino/prima_guerra_mondiale.htm |title=San Marino e la Prima Guerra Mondiale |publisher=Educazione.sm |date=|accessdate=2009-10-24}}</ref> Frae 1923 tae 1943, San Marino wis unner the rule o the [[Sammarinese Fascist Pairty]] (PFS). [[File:A_soldier's_grave_in_Monte_Titano_(September_1944).jpg|thumb|right|The front passes [[Mount Titano]] in September 1944.]] During [[Warld War II]], San Marino remained neutral, awtho it haed been wrongly reportit on tae hae declared war on the [[United Kinrick]] on 17 September 1940. Three days efter the faw o [[Benito Mussolini]] in Italy, PFS rule collapsed an the new govrenment declared neutrality in the conflict. The Fascists regained pouer on 1 Aprile 1944 but kept neutrality intact. Despite that, on 26 Juin 1944 San Marino wis bombed bi the [[Ryal Air Force]], which mistakenly believed that the kinntra haed been owerrun bi German forces and wis bein uised tae amass stores an ammunition. At least 35 fowk wur killed in the operation. San Marino acceptit thoosans o civilian refugees when Allied forces went ower the [[Gothic Line]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanmarinosite.com/storia/guerremo.html |title=Guerre Mondiali e Fascismo nella storia di San Marino |publisher=Sanmarinosite.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-24 |archive-date=2014-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410122359/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/storia/guerremo.html |url-status=dead |language=it}}</ref> In September 1944, it wis briefly occupied bi German forces, who wur attackt bi Allied forces in the [[Battle o San Marino]]. Allied troops wi'drew frae the kintra shortly efterward. The [[heid o state]] is a committee (council) o twa captains-regent. San Marino haed the warld's first democratically electit [[communism|communist]] govrenment, which held office atween 1945 an 1957 an again atween 2006 an 2008. San Marino is the warld's smallest [[republic]], awtho when [[Nauru]] gained unthirldom in 1968 it challenged that claim, Nauru's [[land mass]] bein anly {{convert|21|sqkm|abbr=on}}. Houiver Nauru's jurisdiction ower its surroondin waters (431,000&nbsp;km²) is thousands o times greater than the territory o San Marino.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/FI-CP_NR/en|title=Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles: Nauru|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |accessdate=27 May 2010|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> San Marino became a member o the [[Council o Europe]] in 1988 an o the [[Unitit Nations]] in 1992. It is no a member o the [[European Union]]. == Notes == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commonscat}} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/san-marino.html Chief o State an Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073541/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/san-marino.html |date=2008-12-10 }} * [http://www.esteri.sm/ Secretary o State for External Relations an Politics] * {{CIA World Factbook_link|sm|San Marino}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sanmarino.htm San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085502/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sanmarino.htm |date=2008-06-07 }} frae ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/San_Marino}} * {{wikiatlas|San Marino}} * [http://www.meteosanmarino.com Meteo San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929214812/http://www.meteosanmarino.com/ |date=2008-09-29 }} Naitional Center O Meteorology an Climatology o San Marino, Local Forecast an Webcams * [http://www.museidistato.sm/Museo_trad/index.htm Musei di Stato della Repubblica di San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415154204/http://www.museidistato.sm/Museo_trad/index.htm |date=2004-04-15 }} * [http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_San_Marino:_Primary_Documents History of San Marino: Primary Documents] frae ''EUdocs'' * [http://www.renatatebaldi.info/ing_frameset.asp Renata Tebaldi International Voice Competition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920030010/http://www.renatatebaldi.info/ing_frameset.asp |date=2008-09-20 }} * [http://www.allcountries.eu/san-marino.htm San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730030622/http://www.allcountries.eu/san-marino.htm |date=2010-07-30 }} frae ''allcountries.eu'' * {{Wikivoyage|San Marino}} * [http://www.visitsanmarino.com Visit San Marino]—Offeecial San Marino Tourism Site Contrada Omagnano * {{it icon}} [http://www.sanmarinokey.com General information o San Marino: Politics, Institutions an vera ither] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108130721/http://sanmarinokey.com/ |date=2018-11-08 }} * [http://crtpesaro.altervista.org/Cultura%20e%20Storia/Province%20Italiane/San%20Marino,%20a%201769%20Guide.php San Marino: excerpt frae a 1769 Guidebook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012194747/http://crtpesaro.altervista.org/Cultura%20e%20Storia/Province%20Italiane/San%20Marino,%20a%201769%20Guide.php |date=2007-10-12 }} * [http://www.scoresm.com Score San Marino Soccer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203101831/https://scoresm.com/ |date=2018-12-03 }}— Score live san Marino [[Category:San Marino| ]] [[Category:Soothren European kintras]] [[Category:Enclaves]] [[Category:Italian-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 301]] [[Category:Kintras that ar enclaves o Italy]] 70h0hhaa01wdxvixvt29n586rgzyiw3 920497 920493 2026-08-05T23:28:17Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed empty reference 920497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dablink|This is aboot the kintra in soothren Europe. For ither uises see [[San Marino (disambiguation)]]}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic o San Marino<ref name="cia"/><ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521449/San-Marino |title=San Marino |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2012 |accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> |native_name = {{native name|it|Repubblica di San Marino}} |common_name = San Marino |image_flag = Flag of San Marino.svg |alt_flag = Banner o San Marino |image_coat = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg |alt_coat = Coat o airms o San Marino |symbol_type = Coat o airms |national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Libertas"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Freedom"}} |national_anthem = ''[[Inno Nazionale della Repubblica]]''<br/>{{small|"Naitional Anthem o the Republic"}} |image_map = Location San Marino Europe.png |alt_map = Location o San Marino in Europe |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location San Marino Europe.png}} |coordinates = {{Coord|43|56|N|12|26|E|type:city}} |capital = [[Ceety o San Marino]] |largest_settlement = [[Dogana]]<br>{{small|{{coord|43|58|52.57|N|12|29|22.2|E|display=inline}}}} |largest_settlement_type = settlement |official_languages = [[Italian leid|Italian]] |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |[[Sammarinese]] |[[Italians]] |[[Inglis fowk|Inglis]]}} |demonym = [[Sammarinese]] |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Piarlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[Directorial seestem|directorial]] [[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[:en:Captains Regent|Captains Regent]] |leader_name1 = [[Denise Bronzetti]]<br>[[Italo Righi]] |legislature = [[Grand and General Council]] |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]] |established_event1 = frae the [[Roman Empire]] |established_date1 = 3 September 301^a |established_event2 = [[Constitution o San Marino|Constitution]] |established_date2 = 8 October 1600 |area_rank = 222nt |area_km2 = 61.2 |area_sq_mi = |area_footnote = <ref name="cia"/> |percent_water = 0 |population_estimate = 33,285<ref name="cia"/> |population_estimate_rank = 216t |population_estimate_year = 2016 (July) |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 520 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$1.17 billion}}<ref name="smgdp">[http://www.statistica.sm/contents/instance15/files/document/14001294ContoGenRedNaz_2.pdf Conto della Generazione dei Redditi Nazionali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320160126/http://www.statistica.sm/contents/instance15/files/document/14001294ContoGenRedNaz_2.pdf |date=2012-03-20 }}, Upeceds, Government of San Marino. Accessed on 6 June 2010.</ref><ref name="wdi">[http://data.worldbank.org/country/san-marino an Marino]. [[World Bank]]. Note: "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)" for Italy was used.</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 177t |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $35,928<ref name="smgdp"/><ref name="wdi"/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 24t |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|{{US$|1.44}} billion}}<ref name="smgdp"/><ref name="wdi"/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 163rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2008 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{US$|44,208}}<ref name="smgdp"/><ref name="wdi"/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15t |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.875 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>[http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/workingpaper/wp_09_02.pdf Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005100501/http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/workingpaper/wp_09_02.pdf |date=2011-10-05 }}, United Nations ESCAP, February 2009</ref> |HDI_rank = 26th |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |DST_note = |date_format = |drives_on = right |patron_saint = [[Saunt Marinus]]<br>[[Saunt Agatha]] |calling_code = [[+378]] (+39 0549 cryin via Italy) |cctld = [[.sm]] |footnote_a = Bi tradeetion. |footnote_b = [[Leet o kintras bi Human Development Index#UN member states (latest UNDP data)]]. |footnotes = Soorces: {{lower|0.4em|{{big|<ref name="cia">{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003122/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |title=San Marino|work= The World Factbook by [[Central Intelligence Agency]] via internet archive}}</ref><ref name="unece">{{cite web |url=http://www.unece.org/stats/profiles2009/san_marino.pdf |title=San Marino |work=UNECE Statistics Programme |year=2009 |publisher=[[UNECE]] |accessdate=13 March 2010 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630042132/http://www.unece.org/stats/profiles2009/san_marino.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><!--end big:-->}}}} }} [[File:San Marino.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''San Marino''', kent offeecially as the '''Maist Serene Republic o San Marino''' ([[Italian leid|Italian]]: ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino'') is a wee kintra situatit on the eastren side o the [[Apennine Mountains]]. It is an [[enclave an exclave|enclave]], in [[Italy]]. Its size is juist ower 61 km2 (24 sq mi) wi an estimatit population o amaist 30,000. Its caipital is the [[Ceety o San Marino]]. Ane o the [[European microstates]], alang wi [[Liechtenstein]], the [[Vatican Ceety|Vatican]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorrae]], an [[Maltae]], San Marino haes the smawest population o aw the members o the [[Council o Europe]]. San Marino is the auldest survivin sovereign state an constitutional [[republic]] in the warld, as the continuation o the monastic community foondit on 3 September 301, bi stonecutter [[Saunt Marinus|Marinus]] o [[Arbe]]. Legend haes it that Marinus left Rab, then the Roman colony o Arba, in 257 when the future emperor, [[Diocletian]], issued a decree cawin for the reconstruction o the ceety walls o [[Rimini]], which haed been destroyed bi [[Liburnians|Liburnian pirates]]. The [[constitution o San Marino]], enactit in 1600, is the warld's auldest [[constitution]] still in effect.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Law Library {{!}} Law Library of Congress {{!}} Research Centers {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center/|access-date=2026-08-05|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> The kintra's economy mainly relies on tourism, an San Marino's cultur remains Italian, mainly [[Emilia-Romagna]]n in essence. It is ane o the wealthiest kintras in the warld in terms o [[Leet o kintras bi GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (per capita)]], wi a figure comparable tae some o the mair developed Italian regions, sic as [[Lombardy]] an the [[Province o Bolzano-Bozen]]. San Marino is considered tae hae a hichtlit stable economy, wi the lawest [[unemployment]] rate in Europe, nae [[naitional debt]] an a budget surplus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Marino - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/|access-date=2026-08-05|website=www.cia.gov|language=en}}</ref> == History == {{Main|History o San Marino}} [[File:Marino als steinhauer.png|thumb|left|Illustration o [[Saunt Marinus]], the foonder o the Republic o San Marino, an prominent cultural figure]] Accordin tae tradeetion, [[Saunt Marinus]] left the island o [[Rab]] in present-day [[Croatie]] wi his lifelang friend Leo, an went tae the ceety o [[Rimini]] as a mason. Efter the [[Diocletianic Persecution]] follaein his Christian sermons, he escaped tae the nearby [[Monte Titano]], whaur he biggit a sma kirk an sicweys foondit what is nou the ceety an state o San Marino. The offeecial date o foondation o the Republic is 3 September 301. Bi the mid-5t century, a community wis formed; acause o its relatively inaccessible location an its poverty, it haes succeeded, wi a few brief interruptions, in maintainin its unthirldom. In 1631, its unthirldom wis recognised bi the [[Papacy]]. The advance o [[Napoleon]]'s airmy in 1797 presentit a brief threat tae the unthirldom o San Marino, but the kintra wis spared its leeberty thanks tae ane o its Regents, Antonio Onofri, who managed tae gain the respect an friendship o Napoleon. Thanks tae his intervention, Napoleon, in a letter delivered tae [[Gaspard Monge]], scientist an commissary o the French Govrenment for Science an Airt, promised tae guarantee an pertect the unthirldom o the Republic, afferin tae extend its territory accordin tae its needs. The affer wis declined bi San Marino, fearin tae provoke future [[revanchism]] that might threaten its freedom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanmarinosite.com/eng/napoleone.html |title=From 1500 to beginning 1800, Napoleon in San Marino |publisher=Sanmarinosite.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-24 |archive-date=2009-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518123316/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/eng/napoleone.html |url-status=dead |language=en}}</ref> [[File:San Marino constitution 1600.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The San Marino constitution o 1600]] During the later phase o the [[Italian unification]] process in the 19t century, San Marino served as a refuge for mony fowk persecutit acause o thair support for unification. In recognition o this support, [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] acceptit the wish o San Marino no tae be incorporatit intae the new Italian state. The govrenment o San Marino made [[Unitit States]] Preses [[Abraham Lincoln]] an honorary ceetizen. He wrote in reply, sayin that the republic proved that "government foondit on republican principles is capable o being so administered as tae be secure an endurin."<ref>[[Irving Wallace]], ''The Book of Lists 3''</ref> ==== 20t century ==== Durin [[Warld War I]], when Italy declared war on [[Austrick-Hungary]] on 23 Mey 1915, San Marino remained neutral an Italy adoptit a hostile view o Sammarinese neutrality, suspectin that San Marino coud harbor Austrian spies who coud be gien access tae its new radiotelegraph station. Italy tried tae forcibly establish a detachment o [[Carabinieri]] in the Republic an then cut the Republic's telephone lines when it did no comply. Twa groups o ten volunteers did, housomeivver, jyne Italian forces in the fechtin on the [[Italian Campaign (Warld War I)|Italian front]], the first as combatants an the seicont as a Medical Corps operatin a Reid Cross field hospital. The existence o this hospital later caused Austrick-Hungary tae suspend diplomatic relations wi San Marino.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educazione.sm/scuola/servizi/CD_virtuali/lavori_scuole/sanmarino/prima_guerra_mondiale.htm |title=San Marino e la Prima Guerra Mondiale |publisher=Educazione.sm |date=|accessdate=2009-10-24}}</ref> Frae 1923 tae 1943, San Marino wis unner the rule o the [[Sammarinese Fascist Pairty]] (PFS). [[File:A_soldier's_grave_in_Monte_Titano_(September_1944).jpg|thumb|right|The front passes [[Mount Titano]] in September 1944.]] During [[Warld War II]], San Marino remained neutral, awtho it haed been wrongly reportit on tae hae declared war on the [[United Kinrick]] on 17 September 1940. Three days efter the faw o [[Benito Mussolini]] in Italy, PFS rule collapsed an the new govrenment declared neutrality in the conflict. The Fascists regained pouer on 1 Aprile 1944 but kept neutrality intact. Despite that, on 26 Juin 1944 San Marino wis bombed bi the [[Ryal Air Force]], which mistakenly believed that the kinntra haed been owerrun bi German forces and wis bein uised tae amass stores an ammunition. At least 35 fowk wur killed in the operation. San Marino acceptit thoosans o civilian refugees when Allied forces went ower the [[Gothic Line]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sanmarinosite.com/storia/guerremo.html |title=Guerre Mondiali e Fascismo nella storia di San Marino |publisher=Sanmarinosite.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-24 |archive-date=2014-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410122359/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/storia/guerremo.html |url-status=dead |language=it}}</ref> In September 1944, it wis briefly occupied bi German forces, who wur attackt bi Allied forces in the [[Battle o San Marino]]. Allied troops wi'drew frae the kintra shortly efterward. The [[heid o state]] is a committee (council) o twa captains-regent. San Marino haed the warld's first democratically electit [[communism|communist]] govrenment, which held office atween 1945 an 1957 an again atween 2006 an 2008. San Marino is the warld's smallest [[republic]], awtho when [[Nauru]] gained unthirldom in 1968 it challenged that claim, Nauru's [[land mass]] bein anly {{convert|21|sqkm|abbr=on}}. Houiver Nauru's jurisdiction ower its surroondin waters (431,000&nbsp;km²) is thousands o times greater than the territory o San Marino.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/FI-CP_NR/en|title=Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles: Nauru|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |accessdate=27 May 2010|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> San Marino became a member o the [[Council o Europe]] in 1988 an o the [[Unitit Nations]] in 1992. It is no a member o the [[European Union]]. == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commonscat}} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/san-marino.html Chief o State an Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073541/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/san-marino.html |date=2008-12-10 }} * [http://www.esteri.sm/ Secretary o State for External Relations an Politics] * {{CIA World Factbook_link|sm|San Marino}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sanmarino.htm San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085502/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sanmarino.htm |date=2008-06-07 }} frae ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/San_Marino}} * {{wikiatlas|San Marino}} * [http://www.meteosanmarino.com Meteo San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929214812/http://www.meteosanmarino.com/ |date=2008-09-29 }} Naitional Center O Meteorology an Climatology o San Marino, Local Forecast an Webcams * [http://www.museidistato.sm/Museo_trad/index.htm Musei di Stato della Repubblica di San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415154204/http://www.museidistato.sm/Museo_trad/index.htm |date=2004-04-15 }} * [http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_San_Marino:_Primary_Documents History of San Marino: Primary Documents] frae ''EUdocs'' * [http://www.renatatebaldi.info/ing_frameset.asp Renata Tebaldi International Voice Competition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920030010/http://www.renatatebaldi.info/ing_frameset.asp |date=2008-09-20 }} * [http://www.allcountries.eu/san-marino.htm San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730030622/http://www.allcountries.eu/san-marino.htm |date=2010-07-30 }} frae ''allcountries.eu'' * {{Wikivoyage|San Marino}} * [http://www.visitsanmarino.com Visit San Marino]—Offeecial San Marino Tourism Site Contrada Omagnano * {{it icon}} [http://www.sanmarinokey.com General information o San Marino: Politics, Institutions an vera ither] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108130721/http://sanmarinokey.com/ |date=2018-11-08 }} * [http://crtpesaro.altervista.org/Cultura%20e%20Storia/Province%20Italiane/San%20Marino,%20a%201769%20Guide.php San Marino: excerpt frae a 1769 Guidebook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012194747/http://crtpesaro.altervista.org/Cultura%20e%20Storia/Province%20Italiane/San%20Marino,%20a%201769%20Guide.php |date=2007-10-12 }} * [http://www.scoresm.com Score San Marino Soccer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203101831/https://scoresm.com/ |date=2018-12-03 }}— Score live san Marino [[Category:San Marino| ]] [[Category:Soothren European kintras]] [[Category:Enclaves]] [[Category:Italian-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 301]] [[Category:Kintras that ar enclaves o Italy]] 18nvssy4sj1pfu39muhznutk43kebj1 0 10266 920495 909699 2026-08-05T22:09:53Z NoahGeo 129838 920495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | type = monarch | name = William III | image = King William III of England, (1650-1702).jpg | caption = William III bi Sir Godfrey Kneller | succession = Prince o Orange | reign = 4 November 1650<ref name=OSNS/>&nbsp;–<br > 8 Mairch 1702 | predecessor = William II | successor = John William Friso | succession1 = Stadtholder o Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland an Overijssel | reign1 = July 1672&nbsp;– 8 Mairch 1702 | predecessor1 = William II | successor1 = William IV | succession2 = King o Ingland, [[Leet o Scots monarchs|Scotland]] an Ireland | moretext2 = ([[Styles o Inglis an Scots sovereigns|mair&nbsp;...]]) | reign2 = 13 February 1689 –<br > 8 March 1702 | coronation2 = 11 April 1689 | predecessor2 = [[James II o Ingland|James II & VII]] | successor2 = [[Anne, Queen o Great Breetain|Anne]] | regent2 = [[Mary II o Ingland|Mary II]] | reg-type2 = Co-monarch | spouse =[[Mary II o Ingland]] | spouse-type = Spoose | house = Hoose o Orange-Nassau | father =William II, Prince o Orange | mother = Mary, Princess Ryal | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1650|11|4}}<br />{{small|[<nowiki />[[Auld Style an New Style dates|N.S.]]: 14 November 1650<nowiki />]}}<ref name=OSNS>During William's lifetime, twa calendars wur in uise in Europe: the Auld Style [[Julian calendar]] in Breetain an pairts o Northren an Eastren Europe, an the New Style [[Gregorian calendar]] elsewhar, includin William's birthplace in the Netherlands. At the time o William's birth, Gregorian dates wur ten days ahead o Julian dates: thus William wis born on 14 November 1650 bi Gregorian reckonin, but on 4 November 1650 bi Julian. At William's daith, Gregorian dates wur eleven days ahead o Julian dates. He died on 8 Mairch 1702 by the staundart Julian calendar, but on 19 Mairch 1702 bi the Gregorian calendar. (However, the Inglis New Year fell on 25 Mairch, so bi Inglish reckonin o the time, William died on 8 Mairch 1701.) Unless itherwise notit, dates in this article follae the staundart Julian calendar, in which the New Year faws on 1 Januar.</ref> | birth_place = Binnenhof, [[The Hague]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1702|3|8|1650|11|4}}<br /><small>[<nowiki />[[Auld Style an New Style dates&#124;N.S.]]: 19 Mairch 1702<nowiki />]</small> | death_place = Kensington Palace, Lunnon | place of burial = [[Westminster Abbey]], Lunnon | religion = [[Protestantism]] | signature = WilliamIII Sig.svg ||full name={{ubl|[[Scots|Scots]]: Willum Hendry|[[Inglis|English]]: William Henry|[[Dutch|Dutch]]: Willem Hendrik}}}} '''WiIIum, King o Scots''' ([[14 November]] 1650 - [[8 Mairch]] 1702) wis Stadthauder frae 1672, he wis '''Willum III o Orange''' ower Holland, [[Zeeland]], Utrecht, [[Guelders]], an [[Overijssel]] o the [[Dutch Republic]]. He wis [[Scots monarchs|King o Scots]] frae [[11 Aprile]] 1689 an King o Ingland an Ireland frae [[13 Februar]] 1689. In aw thae fower cases, he haudit thae titles til his daith on 8t Mairch 1702. He is cried "'''King Billy'''" an aw. William wis born in the [[Netherlands]]. His mither wis Mary Stuart. Mary wis the sister tae the King o Ingland, Ireland an Scotland, [[James VII, Keeng o Scots|James VII & II]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|William III of England}} {{DEFAULTSORT:William 03 o Ingland}} [[Category:William III o Ingland| ]] [[Category:1650 births]] [[Category:1702 daiths]] [[Category:Coonts o Nassau]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:Breetish militar personnel o the Nine Years' War]] [[Category:Buirials at Wastmeenster Aibey]] [[Category:Daiths bi horse-ridin accident]] [[Category:Dutch Anglicans]] [[Category:Dutch fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Dutch stadtholders]] [[Category:Inglis monarchs]] [[Category:Hoose o Orange-Nassau]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gairten]] [[Category:Laird Heich Admirals]] [[Category:Lairds o Breda]] [[Category:Modren bairn rulers]] [[Category:Fowk frae The Hague]] [[Category:Inglis pretenders tae the French throne]] [[Category:Princes o Orange]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Scots monarchs]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Ingland]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Scotland]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Wales]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Ireland]] [[Category:Glorious Revolution]] [[Category:Williamite militar personnel o the Williamite War in Ireland]] [[Category:17t-century monarchs in Europe]] [[Category:18t-century monarchs in Europe]] {{stub/Ryal}} 9vxfydmnv44zjzrvv1xs1yzubq14qke 920496 920495 2026-08-05T22:11:06Z NoahGeo 129838 920496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | type = monarch | name = Willum III | image = King William III of England, (1650-1702).jpg | caption = Willum II bi Sir Godfrey Kneller | succession = Prince o Orange | reign = 4 November 1650<ref name=OSNS/>&nbsp;–<br > 8 Mairch 1702 | predecessor = Willum II | successor = John William Friso | succession1 = Stadtholder o Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland an Overijssel | reign1 = July 1672&nbsp;– 8 Mairch 1702 | predecessor1 = William II | successor1 = William IV | succession2 = King o Ingland, [[Leet o Scots monarchs|Scotland]] an Ireland | moretext2 = ([[Styles o Inglis an Scots sovereigns|mair&nbsp;...]]) | reign2 = 13 February 1689 –<br > 8 March 1702 | coronation2 = 11 April 1689 | predecessor2 = [[James II o Ingland|James II & VII]] | successor2 = [[Anne, Queen o Great Breetain|Anne]] | regent2 = [[Mary II o Ingland|Mary II]] | reg-type2 = Co-monarch | spouse =[[Mary II o Ingland]] | spouse-type = Spoose | house = Hoose o Orange-Nassau | father =William II, Prince o Orange | mother = Mary, Princess Ryal | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1650|11|4}}<br />{{small|[<nowiki />[[Auld Style an New Style dates|N.S.]]: 14 November 1650<nowiki />]}}<ref name=OSNS>During William's lifetime, twa calendars wur in uise in Europe: the Auld Style [[Julian calendar]] in Breetain an pairts o Northren an Eastren Europe, an the New Style [[Gregorian calendar]] elsewhar, includin William's birthplace in the Netherlands. At the time o William's birth, Gregorian dates wur ten days ahead o Julian dates: thus William wis born on 14 November 1650 bi Gregorian reckonin, but on 4 November 1650 bi Julian. At William's daith, Gregorian dates wur eleven days ahead o Julian dates. He died on 8 Mairch 1702 by the staundart Julian calendar, but on 19 Mairch 1702 bi the Gregorian calendar. (However, the Inglis New Year fell on 25 Mairch, so bi Inglish reckonin o the time, William died on 8 Mairch 1701.) Unless itherwise notit, dates in this article follae the staundart Julian calendar, in which the New Year faws on 1 Januar.</ref> | birth_place = Binnenhof, [[The Hague]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1702|3|8|1650|11|4}}<br /><small>[<nowiki />[[Auld Style an New Style dates&#124;N.S.]]: 19 Mairch 1702<nowiki />]</small> | death_place = Kensington Palace, Lunnon | place of burial = [[Westminster Abbey]], Lunnon | religion = [[Protestantism]] | signature = WilliamIII Sig.svg ||full name={{ubl|[[Scots|Scots]]: Willum Hendry|[[Inglis|Inglis]]: William Henry|[[Dutch|Dutch]]: Willem Hendrik}}}} '''WiIIum, King o Scots''' ([[14 November]] 1650 - [[8 Mairch]] 1702) wis Stadthauder frae 1672, he wis '''Willum III o Orange''' ower Holland, [[Zeeland]], Utrecht, [[Guelders]], an [[Overijssel]] o the [[Dutch Republic]]. He wis [[Scots monarchs|King o Scots]] frae [[11 Aprile]] 1689 an King o Ingland an Ireland frae [[13 Februar]] 1689. In aw thae fower cases, he haudit thae titles til his daith on 8t Mairch 1702. He is cried "'''King Billy'''" an aw. William wis born in the [[Netherlands]]. His mither wis Mary Stuart. Mary wis the sister tae the King o Ingland, Ireland an Scotland, [[James VII, Keeng o Scots|James VII & II]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|William III of England}} {{DEFAULTSORT:William 03 o Ingland}} [[Category:William III o Ingland| ]] [[Category:1650 births]] [[Category:1702 daiths]] [[Category:Coonts o Nassau]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Ingland]] [[Category:Breetish militar personnel o the Nine Years' War]] [[Category:Buirials at Wastmeenster Aibey]] [[Category:Daiths bi horse-ridin accident]] [[Category:Dutch Anglicans]] [[Category:Dutch fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Dutch stadtholders]] [[Category:Inglis monarchs]] [[Category:Hoose o Orange-Nassau]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gairten]] [[Category:Laird Heich Admirals]] [[Category:Lairds o Breda]] [[Category:Modren bairn rulers]] [[Category:Fowk frae The Hague]] [[Category:Inglis pretenders tae the French throne]] [[Category:Princes o Orange]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Scots monarchs]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Ingland]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Scotland]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Wales]] [[Category:Anti-Catholicism in Ireland]] [[Category:Glorious Revolution]] [[Category:Williamite militar personnel o the Williamite War in Ireland]] [[Category:17t-century monarchs in Europe]] [[Category:18t-century monarchs in Europe]] {{stub/Ryal}} cljekj4snwgnlttroncl7frk0pr60f1 0 32359 920494 786051 2026-08-05T19:38:18Z Grilledcheeseisgreat 135002 impruived citations 920494 wikitext text/x-wiki The term '''poleetical radicalism''' (or simply, in [[poleetical science]], '''radicalism''') denotes [[politics|poleetical]] principles focused on [[social chynge|alterin]] [[social structurs]] through revolutionary means an chyngin [[value seestems]] in fundamental ways. Derivit frae the Laitin ''radix'' (ruit), the denotation o radical haes chyngit syne its aichteent-century coinage tae comprehend the entire poleetical spectrum — yet retains the “chynge at the ruit” connotation fundamental tae [[revolutionary]] societal chynge. Historically, [[radicalism (historical)|radicalism]] haes referred exclusively tae the "radical left", unner the single category o [[far-left politics]], rarely incorporatin [[far-richt politics]] though these mey hae revolutionary elements; the prominent exception is in the [[Unitit States]] where some consider radicalism tae include baith poleetical extremes o the radical left an the "[[radical richt]]". In traditional labels o the spectrum o poleetical thocht, the opposite o radical on the "richt" o the poleetical spectrum is termit [[reactionary]]. The nineteent-century ''[[Cyclopaedia of Political Science]]'' (1881, 1889) reports that "radicalism is characterizit less bi its principles than bi the manner o their application".<ref>''[[Cyclopaedia of Political Science]], Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States'', 1893, [http://books.google.com/books?id=l-J3vOPWd50C&pg=PA492&dq=%22radicalism+is%22&lr= p. 492, article "Radicalism"], by [[Maurice Block]]</ref> Conservatives aften uised the term ''radical'' [[pejorative]]ly, whereas contemporary poleetical radicals uised the term ''conservative'' derogatorily;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sanders|first=Mike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9W4ucbBfkoQC&pg=PR18&dq=%22radicalism+is%22&lr=&sig=lPpumOh7NWu_qt7zy1AiQP5rCcM&hl=sco|title=Women and Radicalism in the Nineteenth Century: Specific controversies|date=2001|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-20526-9|language=en}}</ref> thus contemporary denotations o ''radical'', ''radicalism'', an ''poleetical radicalism'' comprehend [[far left politics|far left]], [[Far left|radical left]],<ref>Edward Walter (1992) ''The Rise and Fall of Leftist Radicalism in America'', ISBN 0275942767</ref> an [[far richt politics|far richt]] (radical richt).<ref>Gilbert Abcarian (1971) ''American Political Radicalism: Contemporary Issues and Orientations''</ref> The ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' records the first poleetical uisage o ''radical'' as ascribit tae the [[Breetish Whig Pairty]] [[Parliament o Ingland|parliamentarian]] [[Charles James Fox]], who, in 1797, proposed a “radical reform” o the [[electoral seestem]] [[Suffrage|franchise]] tae provide [[universal manhuid suffrage]], therebi, [[idiom]]atically establishin ''radical'' tae denote supporters o the reformation o the Breetish Parliament. Throughoot the nineteent century, the term wis combined wi poleetical notions an doctrines, thus [[wirkin class]] radicalism, [[middle class]]-, philosophic-, democratic- [[bourgeois]]-, [[Tory]]-, an plebeian radicalism. In the event, poleetically-influential radical leaders give rise tae their awn trend o poleetical radicalism, e.g. [[Thomas Spence|Spencean radicalism]] an [[Richard Carlile|Carlilean radicalism]]. Philosophically, the Swiss-French poleetical scientist [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] (1712–78), is the principal theoretician proposin ''poleetical radicalism'' as feasible in [[republic]]an [[poleetical philosophy]], ''viz'' the [[French Revolution]] (1789–99), an ither modren revolutions — the antithesis tae the [[leeberalism]] o [[John Locke]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radicals/Radicalism - Radical Liberalism|url=https://science.jrank.org/pages/10969/Radicals-Radicalism-Radical-Liberalism.html|access-date=2026-08-05|website=science.jrank.org|language=en}}</ref> ==See an aw== * [[Christian radicalism]] * [[Radical centre]] * [[Radicalism (historical)]] ==References== {{reflist}} *Detlev Mares, Auf der Suche nach dem 'wahren' Liberalismus. Demokratische Bewegung und liberale Politik im viktorianischen England, Berlin 2002. [[Category:Poleetical muivements]] [[Category:Poleetical theories]] [[Category:Poleetical filosofie]] [[en:Political radicalism]] [[gl:Radicalidade]] ijhuwvjymfe5suyh7ubpklgiujnezkb 0 33510 920505 628050 2026-08-06T08:34:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |country = Wales |welsh_name= |constituency_welsh_assembly= |coordinates = {{coord|52.637|-3.835|display=inline,title}} |official_name= Esgairgeiliog |population= |unitary_wales= [[Powys]] |lieutenancy_wales= [[Powys]] |constituency_westminster= [[Montgomeryshire (UK Pairlament constituency)|Montgomeryshire]] |post_town = MACHYNLLETH |postcode_district = SY20 |postcode_area = SY |dial_code = 01654 |os_grid_reference = SH759059 }} '''Esgairgeiliog''' (kent as '''Ceinws''' an aw) is a veelage in the valley o the [[Afon Dulas]] in [[Powys]], [[Wales]]. Frae1536 till 1974 the veelage lay in the historic coonty o Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn). The Afon Glesyrch joins the Dulas in the middle o the veelage. The ERA [[sclate]] quarry lay in the Glesyrch valley, ahint the veelage. The [[Centre for Alternative Technology]] lies aboot a mile sooth o the veelage. == Railway == Esgairgeiliog wis a station on the narrae-gauge [[Corris Railway]], awtho prospective passengers haed tae cross the river intae [[Merionethshire]] (soothren [[Gwynedd]] the day) tae catch the train. A steeply-gradit branch line crossed the river an led tae the ERA quarry, carryin slate tae [[Machynlleth]] for [[transshipment]]. The station haes recently been structurally an cosmetically restored as the Corris Railway is bein reinstatit back tae Esgairgeiliog. The station at Esgairgeiliog is the basis for Ulfstead Road, ane o the [[Mid Sodor Railway]]'s stations in the Railway Series. == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=5978000 Photos o Esgairgeiliog an surroondin aurie on geograph.org.uk] * [http://www.ecodyfi.org.uk Eco Dyfi Valley Partnership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209075435/http://www.ecodyfi.org.uk/ |date=2018-12-09 }} {{Disused Rail Start}} {{rail line|previous={{stnlnk|Llwyngwern}}|route=[[Corris Railway]]|next=[[Maespoeth Junction]]|col=000000}} {{end box}} {{Powys}} {{Corris Railway}} [[Category:Veelages in Powys]] njt6iexf9uod92ltctnnw9dtf16yotm 0 36580 920501 907106 2026-08-06T06:00:23Z ~2026-43322-77 135313 /* History */ 920501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Orphaned Land | image = Orphaned Land-Live-Wacken 2010.jpg | caption = Orphaned Land performin at [[Wacken Open Air]] in August 2010 | image_size = 250 | background = group_or_band | alias = Resurrection | origin = [[Bat Yam]]/[[Petah Tikva]], [[Israel]] | genre = [[Fowk metal]], [[Oriental metal]], [[progressive metal]],<br> [[daith/doom]], [[progressive rock]] | years_active = 1991–present | label = [[Century Media Records|Century Media]] | associated_acts = [[Mahavatar (baund)|Mahavatar]] | website = [http://www.orphaned-land.com/ www.orphaned-land.com] | current_members = Kobi Farhi<br />Uri Zelcha<br />Yossi Sa'aron Sassi<br />Shlomit Levi<br />Matan Shmuely<br />Chen Balbus | past_members = Sami Bachar<br />Eden Rabin<br />Itzik Levy<br />Yatziv Caspi<br />Eran Asias<br />Avi Diamond<br />Matti Svatizky<br /> }} '''Orphaned Land''' is an [[Israel]]i [[progressive metal]] baund, formit in 1991, that combines [[daith/doom]], [[Jewish muisic|Jewish]] an [[Arabic muisic|Arabic]] influences. ==History== OMG, who wrote the English version??? - In 1992, the baund chyngit its name frae the oreeginal Resurrection<ref name=MusicMight>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicmight.com/linkto/artist/{32CAE95D-2246-4F31-8562-6E4BE10|title=ORPHANED LAND MusicMight<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> tae Orphaned Land. Orphaned Land fuse [[progressive metal|progressive]], [[doom metal|doom]], an [[daith metal]] as well as [[Middle East|Middle-Eastren]] [[fowk muisic]] an Arabic traditions in a form o [[Oriental metal]]. Each album haes some concept relatit tae twa extremes: a meetin o [[Eastren warld|East]] an [[Wastren warld|Wast]], [[past]] a [[present]], [[licht]] an [[daurkness]], a [[God]] a [[Satan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orphaned-land.com/default.php?language=en|title=Welcome to the Ark of Orphaned Land<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=2012-08-07|archive-date=2005-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204063604/http://www.orphaned-land.com/default.php?language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> The baund’s first album wis ''[[Sahara (Orphaned Land album)|''Sahara'']]'' (1994) which was oreeginally released as a [[demo album|demo]]. The second album, ''[[El Norra Alila]]'' (1996), haed mony Eastren/Oriental influences, such as "El Norra Alila" ("Illustrious God"), based on a poem sung durin [[Yom Kippur]] as a plea o forgiveness. It includit sangs wi traditional oriental Jewish ''[[piyyut]]'' an Arabic melodies an aw. The album splorit the themes o licht an darkness, as well as conveyin the message o commonality atween the three main Aubrahamic releegions ([[Judaism]], [[Islam]], an [[Christianity]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orphaned-land.com/content.php?language=en&menu=the_band&section=concept&theme=seven|title=Concept -> The Concept of El Norra Alila|access-date=2012-08-07|archive-date=2007-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112030459/http://www.orphaned-land.com/content.php?language=en&menu=the_band&section=concept&theme=seven|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The third album, ''[[Mabool|Mabool: The Story of the Three Sons of Seven]]'' (the Ebreu name for the [[flood myth|Deluge]], depictit in the [[Bible]] an [[Noah]]'s story), released in 2004, wis seven years in the makkin. It tells the story o three sons (ane for each [[Aubrahamic releegions|Aubrahamic releegion]]) who try tae warn humanity o a flood comin as punishment for their sins. Musically, the album contains oriental instruments, twa choruses, traditional [[Yemenite]] chants sung bi Shlomit Levi, an quotes o biblical verses frae the story o the deluge, read bi vocalist Kobi Farhi. Efter ''Mabool'', Orphaned Land released an EP, ''[[Ararat (EP)|Ararat]]'' (2005) namit efter [[Munt Ararat]]. Despite their sangs drawin on biblical themes, the baund hae said that they are no releegious.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://squatneysteel.wordpress.com/2010/06/13/interview-matti-svatizky-orphaned-land/|title=Interview: Matti Svatizky, Orphaned Land}}</ref> On Januar, 2010, Orphaned Land released the follae-up tae ''Mabool'', entitled ''[[The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR]]''. ''ORWarriOR'' means "Warrior o Licht", an the concept is the battle atween licht an darkness. The album haes a different soond than ''Mabool'', an wis mixed bi [[Steven Wilson]] o [[Porcupine Tree]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=2309|title=Encyclopaedia Metallum - Orphaned Land<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> The first single frae the CD wis titled "Sapari" an wis put on [[Myspace]] wi twa ither tracks, "Vayehi OR" an "Disciples of the Sacred Oath II".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angrymetalguy.com/?p=989|title=Orphaned Land Puts Up New Track on Myspace|date=January 5, 2010|publisher=AngryMetalGuy.com|accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref> In early 2011, ''ORWarriOR'' wis ratit the [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] number ane progressive metal album o 2010 bi uisers wi 421/1130 total votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/categories.php?cat_id=16|title=Metal Storm Awards 2010 Progressive Metal|publisher=www.metalstorm.net|accessdate=2011-04-16}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2008, Orphaned Land wis featured in the documentary ''[[:en:Global Metal|Global Metal]]'', a film bi the creators o ''[[:en:Metal: A Headbanger's Journey|Metal: A Headbanger's Journey]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.ee/events/news_comments.php?news_id=6956|title=Orphaned Land - New Album on the Way: News @ metalstorm.ee|access-date=2012-08-07|archive-date=2009-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129205605/http://www.metalstorm.ee/events/news_comments.php?news_id=6956|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 22 Mey 2010, Orphaned Land performed as the openin act tae [[Metallica]]'s show in [[Israel]]. Follaein this, the baund went on a festival tour in the simmer o 2010, promotin their latest album, ''The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR'', wi appearances at such festivals as [[Wacken Open Air]], [[Summer Breeze Open Air]], [[Sonisphere Festival]], [[Gods of Metal]], [[Rock Hard Festival]] an mair. Efter the simmer festival tour, the baund went on a North American tour in support o [[Katatonia]], alang wi [[Swallow the Sun]]. This wis follaeed bi a tour o Europe supportin [[Amorphis]] alang wi [[Ghost Brigade (baund)|Ghost Brigade]]. They performit on 19 Juin 2011, at the French Metal Festival [[Hellfest]] held in Clisson, near Nantes. In Februar 2012, they performit at the festival [[Alcheringa (festival)|Alcheringa]] at [[Indien Institute of Technology Guwahati]] (IIT), [[Indie]]. On 11 Juin 2012, guitarist Matty Svatizky annooncit his depairtur frae the baund, due tae personal issues. ==Discography== ===Demos=== * ''The Beloved's Cry'' (1993) ===EPs=== * ''The Calm Before the Flood'' (2004) * ''Promo Split MCD'' (2005) – (with [[Sentenced]]) * ''[[Ararat (EP)|Ararat]]'' (2005) ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Sahara (Orphaned Land album)|Sahara]]'' (1994) * ''[[El Norra Alila]]'' (1996) * ''[[Mabool]]'' (2004) * ''[[The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR]]'' (2010) ==Videography== ;Music videos * "Ocean Land" (2004) – ''Mabool'' * "Norra El Norra" (2004) – ''Mabool'' * "Sapari" (2010) – ''The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR'' ;Documentaries * "A Heaven You May Create" – ''The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR Limited Edition DVD'' (2010) * ''The Road to OR-Shalem'' (2011)<ref>[http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=14401 Orphaned Land - DVD Tracklist and Cover Revealed]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Baund members== ;Current members * Kobi Farhi – leadin chants, grouls, narrations, choir & backin vocals <small>(1991&ndash;present)</small> * Yossi Sassi (Sa'aron) – lead electric & acoustic guitars, oud, saz, bouzouki, chumbush, piano <small>(1991&ndash;present)</small> * Uri Zelcha – electric, acoustic & fretless bass <small>(1991&ndash;present)</small> * Matan Shmuely – drums, percussion <small>(2007&ndash;present)</small> * Chen Balbus – lead electric & acoustic guitars, bouzouki, backin vocals <small>(2011&ndash;present)</small> ;Former members * Eden Rabin – keybuirds, backin vocals <small>(2001&ndash;2005)</small> * Yatziv Caspi – percussion <small>(2004&ndash;2007)</small> * Avi Diamond – drums, percussion <small>(2004&ndash;2007)</small> * Itzik Levy – keybuirds, piano <small>(1991&ndash;2000)</small> * Eran Asias – drums, percussion <small>(2000&ndash;2004)</small> * Sami Bachar – drums, percussion <small>(1991&ndash;2000)</small> * Matti Svatitzki – rhythm electric & acoustic guitars <small>(1991&ndash;2012)</small> ;Tourin members * Chen Balbus – lead electric & acoustic guitars, bouzouki, backin vocals <small>(2011&ndash;present)</small> * Shlomit Levi – female vocals <small>(2004&ndash;present)</small> * [[Steven Wilson]] – keybuirds <small>(2010)</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Orphaned Land}} * {{Official website|http://www.orphaned-land.com}} * [http://www2.centurymedia.com/index.aspx?page=detailed_artist&id_artist=95 Century Media Records steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218091958/http://www2.centurymedia.com/index.aspx?page=detailed_artist&id_artist=95 |date=2012-02-18 }} * [http://www.holyrecords.com/holy_prod/orphanedland/orphanedland_1.htm Holy Records steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222000317/http://holyrecords.com/holy_prod/orphanedland/orphanedland_1.htm |date=2008-12-22 }} * [http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/stories2.php?id=186 Interview wi Orphaned Land on Avantgarde-metal.com (2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608030417/http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/stories2.php?id=186 |date=2012-06-08 }} * [http://www.prog-sphere.com/2011/03/05/progspheres-interview-with-matti-svatitzki-of-orphaned-land/ An interview wi Matti Svatitzki on Prog Sphere (2011)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307222226/http://www.prog-sphere.com/2011/03/05/progspheres-interview-with-matti-svatitzki-of-orphaned-land/ |date=2012-03-07 }} [[Category:Israeli hivy metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Israeli progressive metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Israeli daith metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Oriental metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Muisical groups established in 1991]] [[Category:Muisical sextets]] [[Category:Century Media Records airtists]] on8pp5swxkclo6psb2c39bkt30jpaaw 920502 920501 2026-08-06T06:00:29Z Divinations 114537 Revertit edit o ~2026-43322-77, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 907106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Orphaned Land | image = Orphaned Land-Live-Wacken 2010.jpg | caption = Orphaned Land performin at [[Wacken Open Air]] in August 2010 | image_size = 250 | background = group_or_band | alias = Resurrection | origin = [[Bat Yam]]/[[Petah Tikva]], [[Israel]] | genre = [[Fowk metal]], [[Oriental metal]], [[progressive metal]],<br> [[daith/doom]], [[progressive rock]] | years_active = 1991–present | label = [[Century Media Records|Century Media]] | associated_acts = [[Mahavatar (baund)|Mahavatar]] | website = [http://www.orphaned-land.com/ www.orphaned-land.com] | current_members = Kobi Farhi<br />Uri Zelcha<br />Yossi Sa'aron Sassi<br />Shlomit Levi<br />Matan Shmuely<br />Chen Balbus | past_members = Sami Bachar<br />Eden Rabin<br />Itzik Levy<br />Yatziv Caspi<br />Eran Asias<br />Avi Diamond<br />Matti Svatizky<br /> }} '''Orphaned Land''' is an [[Israel]]i [[progressive metal]] baund, formit in 1991, that combines [[daith/doom]], [[Jewish muisic|Jewish]] an [[Arabic muisic|Arabic]] influences. ==History== In 1992, the baund chyngit its name frae the oreeginal Resurrection<ref name=MusicMight>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicmight.com/linkto/artist/{32CAE95D-2246-4F31-8562-6E4BE10|title=ORPHANED LAND MusicMight<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> tae Orphaned Land. Orphaned Land fuse [[progressive metal|progressive]], [[doom metal|doom]], an [[daith metal]] as well as [[Middle East|Middle-Eastren]] [[fowk muisic]] an Arabic traditions in a form o [[Oriental metal]]. Each album haes some concept relatit tae twa extremes: a meetin o [[Eastren warld|East]] an [[Wastren warld|Wast]], [[past]] an [[present]], [[licht]] an [[daurkness]], an [[God]] an [[Satan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orphaned-land.com/default.php?language=en|title=Welcome to the Ark of Orphaned Land<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=2012-08-07|archive-date=2005-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204063604/http://www.orphaned-land.com/default.php?language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> The baund’s first album wis ''[[Sahara (Orphaned Land album)|''Sahara'']]'' (1994) which was oreeginally released as a [[demo album|demo]]. The second album, ''[[El Norra Alila]]'' (1996), haed mony Eastren/Oriental influences, such as "El Norra Alila" ("Illustrious God"), based on a poem sung durin [[Yom Kippur]] as a plea o forgiveness. It includit sangs wi traditional oriental Jewish ''[[piyyut]]'' an Arabic melodies an aw. The album splorit the themes o licht an darkness, as well as conveyin the message o commonality atween the three main Aubrahamic releegions ([[Judaism]], [[Islam]], an [[Christianity]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orphaned-land.com/content.php?language=en&menu=the_band&section=concept&theme=seven|title=Concept -> The Concept of El Norra Alila|access-date=2012-08-07|archive-date=2007-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112030459/http://www.orphaned-land.com/content.php?language=en&menu=the_band&section=concept&theme=seven|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The third album, ''[[Mabool|Mabool: The Story of the Three Sons of Seven]]'' (the Ebreu name for the [[flood myth|Deluge]], depictit in the [[Bible]] an [[Noah]]'s story), released in 2004, wis seven years in the makkin. It tells the story o three sons (ane for each [[Aubrahamic releegions|Aubrahamic releegion]]) who try tae warn humanity o a flood comin as punishment for their sins. Musically, the album contains oriental instruments, twa choruses, traditional [[Yemenite]] chants sung bi Shlomit Levi, an quotes o biblical verses frae the story o the deluge, read bi vocalist Kobi Farhi. Efter ''Mabool'', Orphaned Land released an EP, ''[[Ararat (EP)|Ararat]]'' (2005) namit efter [[Munt Ararat]]. Despite their sangs drawin on biblical themes, the baund hae said that they are no releegious.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://squatneysteel.wordpress.com/2010/06/13/interview-matti-svatizky-orphaned-land/|title=Interview: Matti Svatizky, Orphaned Land}}</ref> On Januar, 2010, Orphaned Land released the follae-up tae ''Mabool'', entitled ''[[The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR]]''. ''ORWarriOR'' means "Warrior o Licht", an the concept is the battle atween licht an darkness. The album haes a different soond than ''Mabool'', an wis mixed bi [[Steven Wilson]] o [[Porcupine Tree]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=2309|title=Encyclopaedia Metallum - Orphaned Land<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> The first single frae the CD wis titled "Sapari" an wis put on [[Myspace]] wi twa ither tracks, "Vayehi OR" an "Disciples of the Sacred Oath II".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angrymetalguy.com/?p=989|title=Orphaned Land Puts Up New Track on Myspace|date=January 5, 2010|publisher=AngryMetalGuy.com|accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref> In early 2011, ''ORWarriOR'' wis ratit the [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] number ane progressive metal album o 2010 bi uisers wi 421/1130 total votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/categories.php?cat_id=16|title=Metal Storm Awards 2010 Progressive Metal|publisher=www.metalstorm.net|accessdate=2011-04-16}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2008, Orphaned Land wis featured in the documentary ''[[:en:Global Metal|Global Metal]]'', a film bi the creators o ''[[:en:Metal: A Headbanger's Journey|Metal: A Headbanger's Journey]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.ee/events/news_comments.php?news_id=6956|title=Orphaned Land - New Album on the Way: News @ metalstorm.ee|access-date=2012-08-07|archive-date=2009-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129205605/http://www.metalstorm.ee/events/news_comments.php?news_id=6956|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 22 Mey 2010, Orphaned Land performed as the openin act tae [[Metallica]]'s show in [[Israel]]. Follaein this, the baund went on a festival tour in the simmer o 2010, promotin their latest album, ''The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR'', wi appearances at such festivals as [[Wacken Open Air]], [[Summer Breeze Open Air]], [[Sonisphere Festival]], [[Gods of Metal]], [[Rock Hard Festival]] an mair. Efter the simmer festival tour, the baund went on a North American tour in support o [[Katatonia]], alang wi [[Swallow the Sun]]. This wis follaeed bi a tour o Europe supportin [[Amorphis]] alang wi [[Ghost Brigade (baund)|Ghost Brigade]]. They performit on 19 Juin 2011, at the French Metal Festival [[Hellfest]] held in Clisson, near Nantes. In Februar 2012, they performit at the festival [[Alcheringa (festival)|Alcheringa]] at [[Indien Institute of Technology Guwahati]] (IIT), [[Indie]]. On 11 Juin 2012, guitarist Matty Svatizky annooncit his depairtur frae the baund, due tae personal issues. ==Discography== ===Demos=== * ''The Beloved's Cry'' (1993) ===EPs=== * ''The Calm Before the Flood'' (2004) * ''Promo Split MCD'' (2005) – (with [[Sentenced]]) * ''[[Ararat (EP)|Ararat]]'' (2005) ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Sahara (Orphaned Land album)|Sahara]]'' (1994) * ''[[El Norra Alila]]'' (1996) * ''[[Mabool]]'' (2004) * ''[[The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR]]'' (2010) ==Videography== ;Music videos * "Ocean Land" (2004) – ''Mabool'' * "Norra El Norra" (2004) – ''Mabool'' * "Sapari" (2010) – ''The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR'' ;Documentaries * "A Heaven You May Create" – ''The Never Ending Way of ORWarriOR Limited Edition DVD'' (2010) * ''The Road to OR-Shalem'' (2011)<ref>[http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=14401 Orphaned Land - DVD Tracklist and Cover Revealed]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Baund members== ;Current members * Kobi Farhi – leadin chants, grouls, narrations, choir & backin vocals <small>(1991&ndash;present)</small> * Yossi Sassi (Sa'aron) – lead electric & acoustic guitars, oud, saz, bouzouki, chumbush, piano <small>(1991&ndash;present)</small> * Uri Zelcha – electric, acoustic & fretless bass <small>(1991&ndash;present)</small> * Matan Shmuely – drums, percussion <small>(2007&ndash;present)</small> * Chen Balbus – lead electric & acoustic guitars, bouzouki, backin vocals <small>(2011&ndash;present)</small> ;Former members * Eden Rabin – keybuirds, backin vocals <small>(2001&ndash;2005)</small> * Yatziv Caspi – percussion <small>(2004&ndash;2007)</small> * Avi Diamond – drums, percussion <small>(2004&ndash;2007)</small> * Itzik Levy – keybuirds, piano <small>(1991&ndash;2000)</small> * Eran Asias – drums, percussion <small>(2000&ndash;2004)</small> * Sami Bachar – drums, percussion <small>(1991&ndash;2000)</small> * Matti Svatitzki – rhythm electric & acoustic guitars <small>(1991&ndash;2012)</small> ;Tourin members * Chen Balbus – lead electric & acoustic guitars, bouzouki, backin vocals <small>(2011&ndash;present)</small> * Shlomit Levi – female vocals <small>(2004&ndash;present)</small> * [[Steven Wilson]] – keybuirds <small>(2010)</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Orphaned Land}} * {{Official website|http://www.orphaned-land.com}} * [http://www2.centurymedia.com/index.aspx?page=detailed_artist&id_artist=95 Century Media Records steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218091958/http://www2.centurymedia.com/index.aspx?page=detailed_artist&id_artist=95 |date=2012-02-18 }} * [http://www.holyrecords.com/holy_prod/orphanedland/orphanedland_1.htm Holy Records steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222000317/http://holyrecords.com/holy_prod/orphanedland/orphanedland_1.htm |date=2008-12-22 }} * [http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/stories2.php?id=186 Interview wi Orphaned Land on Avantgarde-metal.com (2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608030417/http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/stories2.php?id=186 |date=2012-06-08 }} * [http://www.prog-sphere.com/2011/03/05/progspheres-interview-with-matti-svatitzki-of-orphaned-land/ An interview wi Matti Svatitzki on Prog Sphere (2011)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307222226/http://www.prog-sphere.com/2011/03/05/progspheres-interview-with-matti-svatitzki-of-orphaned-land/ |date=2012-03-07 }} [[Category:Israeli hivy metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Israeli progressive metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Israeli daith metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Oriental metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Muisical groups established in 1991]] [[Category:Muisical sextets]] [[Category:Century Media Records airtists]] rjy1lj9oue7bhr4oqbx6cth96byljg5 0 45311 920504 883744 2026-08-06T08:34:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Esenler | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = Destrict | image_skyline = Otogar istanbul panorama.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_alt = | image_caption = Main bus station in Esenler, Istanbul | image_map = Istanbul_location_Esenler.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o Esenler in Istanbul | pushpin_map = Turkey |coordinates = {{coord|41|04|46|N|28|51|14|E|region:TR|display=inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Turkey]] | subdivision_type1 = Ceety | subdivision_name1 = [[Istanbul]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Mehmet Tevfik Göksu ([[Juistice an Development Pairty (Turkey)|AKP]]) |leader_title1 = Govrenor |leader_name1 = Nazım Madenoğlu |elevation_m = |area_total_km2 = 39 |population_footnotes = <ref name=istat>{{cite web|title=TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU|url=http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=wa_turkiye_ilce_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=34&p_kod=1&p_yil=2011&p_dil=1&desformat=html|accessdate=20 August 2012|archive-date=2013-01-05|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DRtYCYbj?url=http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2|url-status=dead}}</ref> |population_total = 461382 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_est = |pop_est_as_of = |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> |area_code = 0-212 |website = {{URL|www.esenler.bel.tr}} {{URL|www.esenler.gov.tr}} }} '''Esenler''' is a destrict o [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]], on its [[Europe]]an side. Esenler is mainly densely packit, wirkin class residential in the midst o its industrial neighbouring destricts o [[Gaziosmanpaşa]], [[Güngören]] an [[Bağcılar]]. The mayor is Tevfik Göksu ([[Juistice an Development Pairty (Turkey)|AKP]]). ==History== In the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] times this aurie, well ootside the ceety waws, wis the veelages o '''Litros''' an '''Avas''', populatit bi [[Greeks|Greek]] fermers. These veelagers wur deportit in the population exchynge at the foondin o the Turkis republic an the aurie wis then settled bi [[Turkis fowk|Turks]] frae [[Macedonie (Greece)|Greek Macedonie]]. ==Esenler the day== Mony o the lairge nummers o fowk that migratit tae Istanbul in the 60s tae 90s endit up in destricts like this an wi a population o ower hauf a million Esenler haes desperately insufficient infrastructur, leadin tae ower-croudit schuilrooms an mony ither problems. Esenler haes the huge inter-ceety [[Esenler Bus Terminal|bus terminal]] o the European side. ==References== {{reflist}} * {{cite web |title=History and geography of Esenler |publisher=Governorship of Esenler, Istanbul |date=2009 |url=http://www.esenler.gov.tr/?id=31 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2009-08-09}} * {{cite web |title=Administrative situation of Esenler |publisher=Governorship of Esenler, Istanbul |date=2009 |url=http://www.esenler.gov.tr/?id=33 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2009-08-09 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175150/http://www.esenler.gov.tr/?id=33 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |title=History of Esenler |publisher=Municipality of Esenler, Istanbul |date=2009 |url=http://www.esenler.bel.tr/index.php?c=page&page=esenlertarihi |language=Turkish |accessdate=2009-08-09 |archive-date=2010-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027054311/http://esenler.bel.tr/index.php?c=page&page=esenlertarihi |url-status=dead }} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.esenler.gov.tr/ Destrict govrenor's offeecial wabsteid] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.esenler.bel.tr/ Destrict municipality's offeecial wabsteid] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.esenlerhaber.com/ Local news wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023113501/http://www.esenlerhaber.com/ |date=2020-10-23 }} {{tr icon}} {{Destricts o Turkey |provname=Istanbul}} [[Category:Esenler| ]] [[Category:Populatit places in Istanbul Province]] 9mt32t0b1svl8ugs1262ohwm54st1xu 0 172131 920498 920434 2026-08-06T02:08:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militar installation |name= Bamff Castle |location= [[Bamff]], [[Aiberdeenshire]] |image2= [[File:Banff Castle - geograph.org.uk - 3352484.jpg|Banff Castle - geograph.org.uk - 3352484|150px]] |caption2= [[Bamff Castle]], Category A listit biggin |coordinates= 57.6664° N, 2.5228° W |country= [[Scotland]] |built= 12t yeirhunner }} '''Bamff Castle''' is a ruint ryal castle locatit near [[Bamff]], [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/18455/details/banff+castle+street+banff+castle+and+old+castle/ |title=Banff Castle |publisher=[[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]] |work=[[CANMORE]] }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == History == It wis biggit as a motte an bailey castle in the 12t yeirhunner an haudit bi the Comyns, Earl o Buchan. The castle wis visitit bi [[Edward I o Ingland|King Edward I o Ingland]] in 1296 an in 1298 an aa, efter defeatin [[William Wallace]] at the [[Battle o Fawkirk]] durin the [[Wars o Scots Unthirldom]]. The castle wis garrisoned wi Inglis sodgers til bein capturt bi the Scots in 1310. It came intae the haunds o the Sharps, afore bein selt tae Lord Ogilvy o Deskford in 1722. Efterwart, the castle wis gied tae the Russells. The auld castle wis knockit doon an a mansion hoose designed bi [[Airchitectur|architect]] John Adam wis biggit in 1750. The remains o the auld castle are a scheduled monument.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM2927|desc=Banff Castle|access-date= 2 August 2026}}</ref> == The hoose the day == The hoose is a Category A listit biggin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banff Castle including flanki... {{!}} Designation {{!}} trove.scot|url=https://www.trove.scot/designation/LB21957|access-date=2026-08-02|website=www.trove.scot|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It gits uised as a commonity an airts venue fur the toun o Bamff an the surroundin airts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grady|first=Emma|last2=Bibby|first2=Gemma|last3=Thomson|first3=Kami|date=2025-08-31|title=Gallery: Banff Castle Rocks returns with star-studded line-up|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/6835892/gallery-banff-castle-rocks-returns-to-banff-castle-this-saturday-photo-gallery/|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Press and Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Awale|first=Ambarish|date=2025-08-25|title=Historic castle to host Best of Scotland music show|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/scotland-now/historic-castle-host-best-scotland-35788750|access-date=2026-08-02|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|57.6666|-2.5224|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Aiberdeenshire]] [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Aiberdeenshire]] [[Category:Leetit castles in Scotland]] [[Category:Banff, Aiberdeenshire]] bbwhn3oaf8m2sgwcmeskf0g1k2barm2 0 222101 920503 907753 2026-08-06T07:59:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 920503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Coord|41|9|13|N|27|22|0|E|dim:225000|display=title}} [[File:EstThraceWithinThrace.png|thumbnail|East Thrace (blue) athin [[Thrace]]]][[File:Източна Тракия на картата на Мармара, Турция.png|thumb|East Thrace (blue) athin the [[Marmara Region]] o [[Turkey]]]] [[File:EastTrace Landscape.jpg|thumb|East Thrace landscape in [[Edirne Province]], Turkey.]] '''East Thrace''' or '''Eastren Thrace''' ({{lang-tr|Doğu Trakya}} or semply ''Trakya''; {{lang-el|Ανατολική Θράκη}}, ''Anatoliki Thraki''; {{lang-bg|Източна Тракия}}, ''Iztochna Trakiya''), kent as '''Turkis Thrace''' or '''European Turkey''' forby, is the pairt o [[Turkey]] that is geografically pairt o Sootheast Europe. It accoonts for 3% o Turkey's laund aurie but comprises 14% o its tot population.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zdanowski|first1=Jerzy|title=Middle Eastern Societies in the 20th Century|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1443869591|page=11}}</ref> The rest o much o the kintra is locatit on the Anatolie Peninsula as well as the Armenie Heichlands, geografically in [[Wastren Asie]]. The maist muckle ceity o the region is [[Istanbul]], which straddles the [[Istanbul Province|Bosphorus]] strait atween Europe an Asie. East Thrace is o historic importance as it is next tae a major sea tred corridor an consteetutes what remains o the ance-vast [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] region o Rumelia. It is currently o specific geostrategic importance acause the sea corridor, which includes twa narrow straits, provides access tae the [[Mediterranean Sea]] frae the [[Black Sea]] for the navies o five kintras: [[Roushie]], [[Ukraine]], [[Romanie]], [[Bulgarie]], an [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]]. The region serves as a futur connector o existin Turkish, Bulgarie, an Greek heich-speed rail networks an aw. ==Defeenition== East Thrace includes aw in the eastren pairt o the historical region o Thrace. The aurie includes aw the territories o the Turkis provinces of [[Edirne Province|Edirne]], [[Tekirdağ Province|Tekirdağ]] an [[Kırklareli Province|Kırklareli]], as well as thae territories on the [[Continental Europe|European continent]] o the provinces o [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]] an [[Istanbul Province|Istanbul]]. The laund borders o East Thrace wur defined bi the Treaty o Constantinople (1913) an the Bulgarie-Ottoman convention (1915), an wur reaffirmed bi the Treaty o Lausanne. ==Climate== Due tae the moderatin effect o the surroondin seas, the climate tends tae be Mediterranean in chairacter. It can descend tae aboot 12&nbsp;°C an can rise tae aboot 32&nbsp;°C, seemilar tae [[Anatolie|Asie Turkey]]. == Geografie == East Thrace haes an aurie o 23,764&nbsp;km² (3 percent o Turkey's laund aurie), slichtly smawer than [[Sardinie]], an a population o aboot 11 million fowk or aboot 14 percent o the tot Turkis population (in 2015); the population density is aroond 430 fowk/km², compared tae aboot 80 fowk/km² for Asiatic Turkey, which is cried [[Anatolie]] or Asie Minor forby. Houaniver, densities are skewed bi the metropolis o Istanbul. The twa continents are separatit bi the [[Dardanelles]], the Bosphorus (collectively kent as the Turkish Straits) an the Sea of Marmara, a route of aboot 361&nbsp;km. The soothrenmaist pairt o Eastren Thrace is cried the Gallipoli peninsula. European Turkey is bordered on the wast bi [[Greece]] for 212&nbsp;km an on the north bi [[Bulgarie]] for 269&nbsp;km, wi the Aegean Sea tae the sooth-wast an the [[Black Sea]] tae the north-east.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/t0377e/t0377e27.htm|title=Inland fisheries of Europe.|publisher=|access-date=2020-08-21|archive-date=2012-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126124249/http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/t0377e/t0377e27.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/turkey/18.htm|title=Turkey - Geography|publisher=}}</ref> [[File:Meriç Köprüsü ve Meriç Nehri.jpg|thumb|River Maritsa ({{lang-tr|Meriç}}), which forms the laund mairch atween [[Greece]] an [[Turkey]], forms the naitural mairch atween Wastren Thrace an East Thrace an aw.]] {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#ECECEC" ! Province (pairt) ! Area<br>(km²) ! Population<br>(2012 census)<ref name=tstat>{{cite web |url=http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/adnksdagitapp/adnks.zul?dil=2 |title=Turkish Statistical Institute. Registered population as of 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010171803/http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/adnksdagitapp/adnks.zul?dil=2 |archivedate=2012-10-10 }}</ref> ! Density<br>(pop/km²)<br>(2012 census) ! Population<br>(2019 est.) |- |- style="background:#f8f8f8;" | align="left" | Istanbul Province (''European'') | align="right" | 3,421 <!-- 5170 for the whole province, the Anatolian part included --> | align="right" | 8,963,431 | align="right" | 2620.1 | align="right" | 10,067,617** |- |- style="background:#f8f8f8;" | align="left" | Tekirdağ | align="right" | 6,218 | align="right" | 852,321 | align="right" | 137.1 | align="right" | 1,055,412** |- |- style="background:#f8f8f8;" | align="left" | Kırklareli | align="right" | 6,550 | align="right" | 341,218 | align="right" | 52.1 | align="right" | 361,836 |- |- style="background:#f8f8f8;" | align="left" | Edirne | align="right" | 6,279 | align="right" | 399,708 | align="right" | 63.7 | align="right" | 413,903 |- |- style="background:#f8f8f8;" | align="left" | Çanakkale (''European'') | align="right" | 1,296 <!-- 9887 for the whole province, the Anatolian part included --> | align="right" | 64,061 | align="right" | 49.4 | align="right" | 62,570 |- |- style="background:#ececec;" | align="left" | '''East Thrace (sum)''' | align="right" | 23,764 | align="right" | 10,620,739 | align="right" | 446.9 | align="right" | 11,961,338** |- | align="left" | '''% o naitional''' | align="right" | 3.09% | align="right" |14.2% | align="right" |461% | align="right" |14.4%** |} *<small>** Disclaimer: Soorces mey modify an/or release updated data, this will nae be automatically reflected in thir tables, additionally the refugee crisis' vast floating migrants hae seriously complicated data collection, especially syne 2013. Estimates an Census uise different methodology an are nae directly comparable. Source: [http://www.citypopulation.de/php/turkey-admin.php Citypopulation.de] mirroring data frae: State Institute of Statistics, Republic of Turkey (wab).</small> == History == East Thrace wis the setting for several important events in history an legend, includin: * The Greek myth of Hero an Leander taks place in the auncient ceity o Sestus. * Aeneas foondit the ceity o Aenus while tryin tae find new launds during his mythological travels. * Efter the daith o [[Alexander the Great]], in the period cried the Diadochi, Alexander's general Lysimachus (360-281 BC) acame keeng o Thrace an established his caipital in Lysimachia. * The Battle of Adrianople in 378 wis an important turning pynt in the decline o the Roman Empire. * Çimpe Castle wis the first European territory held bi the [[Ottoman Empire]]. * [[Edirne]] wis the seicont caipital o the Ottoman Empire efter [[Bursa]]. * The [[Gallipoli Campaign]], stertit [[25 Aprile|25 Aprile 1915]], ane o the maist important campaigns o the [[First Warld War]], wis focht on the Gallipoli peninsula. The mass killins an displacement o Thracian Bulgaries in 1913 an the 1923 population exchange atween Greece an Turkey ethnically cleansed the Orthodox populations. Prior tae that the distribution o ethnoreleegious groups in the local ''sanjaks'' wis as follaes: {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#DDDDDD | colspan=8 align="center" | Ottoman offeecial Statistics, 1910<ref>{{cite book | last= Pentzopoulos|first= Dimitri | title= The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece | publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers | year=2002| editor= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PDc-WW6YhqEC&pg=PA28 | isbn= 978-1-85065-702-6 |pages=31–32}}</ref> |- bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="center" ! Sanjak ! Turks ! Greeks ! Bulgaries ! Ithers ! Tot |-align="center" | [[Edirne]] || 128,000|| 113,500 || 31,500 || 14,700 || 287,700 |-align="center" | Kırk Kilise || 53,000|| 77,000|| 28,500|| 1,150 || 159,650 |-align="center" | Tekirdağ || 63,500 || 56,000|| 3,000 || 21,800 || 144,300 |-align="center" | Gallipoli || 31,500 || 70,500 || 2,000 || 3,200 || 107,200 |-align="center" | [[Çatalca]] || 18,000 || 48,500 || - || 2,340 || 68,840 |-align="center" | [[Istanbul]] || 450,000 || 260,000 || 6,000 || 130,000 || 846,000 |-align="center" |- bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="center" | Tot <br/>%|| 744,000<br/>46.11% || 625,500<br/>38.76% || 71,000<br/>4.40% || 173,190<br/>10.74% || 1,613,690 |- bgcolor=#DDDDDD | colspan=8 align="center" | Ecumenical Patriarchate Statistics, 1912 |- bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="center" | Tot<br/>% || 604,500<br/>36.20%|| 655,600<br/>39.27% || 71,800<br/>4.30% || 337,600<br/>20.22% || 1,669,500 |- |} The Muslim ''millet'' wia recordit as Turkis, while the kirk members o the Ecumenical Patriarchate wur recordit as Greek. In the past century, modren East Thrace wis the main component o the territory o the Adrianople Vilayet, which excludit the Constantinople Vilayet, but includit Wast Thrace an pairts o the Rhodopes an Sakar. A publication frae December 21, 1912 in the Belgian magazine ''Ons Volk Ontwaakt'' (‘Oor Naition Awakes’) estimatit 1,006,500 indwallers in the vilayet:<ref name="skynet">Published on December 21, 1912 in the Belgian magazine ''Ons Volk Ontwaakt'' (Our Nation Awakes) - view the table of Vilajet Manastir: [http://users.skynet.be/ovo/GodsdBalkan.html Skynet GodsdBalkan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831151609/http://users.skynet.be/ovo/GodsdBalkan.html |date=2012-08-31 }}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | *Orthodox [[Bulgaries]] - 370,000 *Orthodox [[Greeks]] - 220,000 *Orthodox [[Armenies]] - 30,000 *Orthodox [[Albanies]] - 3,500 *Orthodox Turks - 3,000 || *Muslim [[Turkis fowk|Turks]] - 250,000 *Muslim Bulgaries - 115,000 *Muslim Roma fowk - 15,000 |} 21st century East Thrace consteetutes what remains o Turkis Rumelia, which ance stretched as far north as Hungary an as far wast as Bosnie. Rumelia wis lost piecemeal frae 1699 onwards, until in 1912 the bulk o it wis lost in the First Balkan War. Some smaw regains wur made during the Seicont Balkan War, giein East Thrace the poleetical borders veesible the day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thrace {{!}} region, Europe {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Thrace|access-date=2023-03-20|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> {{Clear}} <gallery> File:William Etty - Hero and Leander.jpg|Hero an Leander File:LysimachusCoinWithHornedAlexander.jpg|Coin o \ Lysimachus File:Selimiye Mosque.png|Selimiye Mosque, [[Edirne]] File:V Beach Helles Gallipoli.jpg|Cape Helles during the [[Gallipoli Campaign]] </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Eastren Thrace| ]] {{stub/Turkey}} pj4ldseignunl4f8j6tg3avl4cwirrv 4 223455 920500 920366 2026-08-06T05:12:56Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 920500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Jackie Baillie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-08 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-03-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-29 | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[John Young]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Christine May]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[David Davidson]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-06 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-10 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-26 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-07 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir|Stennie]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-10-19 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-20 | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Purvis of Tweed crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-28 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-31 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-28 | [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-25 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-29 | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-19 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-04-02 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George Reid MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-04 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-12 | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[John McAllion]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-05 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-21 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-31 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-18 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-03 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-31 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-25 | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-07-04 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-18 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[David Whitton]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-08 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-26 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Harry Cavanagh meeting Graham Simpson MSP, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Alex Cole-Hamilton]] | | [[File:AlexCole-HamiltonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-22 | | [[Hertfordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Ash Regan]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-26 | | [[St Mary's Hospital]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967<br/>1968 | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-22 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-21 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969<br/>1970 | | [[Girvan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s<br/>1962 | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1976 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Minister for Housing Paul McLennan (52781732883) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:AlexRowleyMSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Alex Kerr]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Laura Mitchell]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Kate Nevens]] | | [[File:Kate Nevens, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Roz McCall]] | | [[File:Roz Mccall In Dunfermline.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Lumsden MP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[Thomas Kerr]] | | [[File:Thomas Kerr Official MSP portrait 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[Mark Simpson]] | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[Laura Moodie]] | | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Colm Merrick]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Julie MacDougall]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[Katherine Sangster]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Tim Eagle]] | | [[File:Tim eagle 24.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[David Kirkwood]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Holly Bruce]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[Irshad Ahmed]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Irshad Ahmed MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[Michelle Campbell]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Michelle Campbell (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Adam Harley]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[Simita Kumar]] | | [[File:Equalities & International Development Minister - 55282125442.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[Iris Duane]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Iris Duane MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Duncan Dunlop]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[Cara McKee]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[Helen McDade]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[David Smith]] | | | | | [[Cardiff–South Wales Valleys metropolitan area]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[Q Manivannan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Q Manivannan MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996<br/>1997 | | [[Tamil Nadu]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[Katie Hagmann]] | | [[File:Katie Hagmann, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[Jack Middleton]] | | [[File:Jack Middleton, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[Zen Ghani]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[Sanne Dijkstra-Downie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Sanne Dijkstra-Downie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[Duncan Massey]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[Yi-pei Chou Turvey]] | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill]] | | [[File:Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-01 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[Angela Ross]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Angela Ross MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[Amanda Bland]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Amanda Bland (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[Hannah Mary Goodlad]] | | [[File:Hannah Mary Goodlad Scottish Parliament Portrait 2026.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[Jamie Langan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Kim Schmulian]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Lloyd Melville]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[Senga Beresford]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Senga Beresford (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[Mandy Lindsay]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[Max Bannerman]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Max Bannerman MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[Kristopher Leask]] | | [[File:Kristopher Leask, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[Vic Currie]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[Morven-May MacCallum]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[Dawn Black]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[Kate Campbell]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[David Barratt]] | | [[File:Official portrait of David Barratt MSP 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[Gary Bouse]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[Andrew Baxter]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[Donald MacKinnon]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[Joe Fagan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[David Green]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[Joe Long]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[Pauline Stafford]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[Jenny Young]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[Calum Kerr]] | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-05 | | [[Gallae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[Heather Anderson]] | | [[File:Heather Anderson official portrait as an MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-01-31 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[Malcolm Offord]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Offord of Garvel crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-05 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[James Adams]] | | [[File:Official portrait of James Adams MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Fraserburgh]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 130ybi7c1hy9ni924530qg34a3p5a60 0 232698 920492 918997 2026-08-05T18:54:56Z Grilledcheeseisgreat 135002 impruived citation 920492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Willie_Sheret_MBE_and_St_Corry.jpg|thumb|Sheret winnin the 1975 Foxhunter Championship at the Horse o the Year Show]] '''William Shaw Sheret''', [[Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]] (3 October 1928 – 18 April 2025) wis a Scottish showjumper an trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officials Contacts - The Official Website of British Showjumping|url=https://www.britishshowjumping.co.uk/officials-contacts.cfm|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-05|website=www.britishshowjumping.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Glesga]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] 77lszcrxcbsmlrmcwir1rh5gqv7is9l 1 233833 920491 920484 2026-08-05T18:50:45Z Grilledcheeseisgreat 135002 /* (En) Factual innacurracy */ Replie 920491 wikitext text/x-wiki == (En) Factual innacurracy == The article currently claims that the "maist racent" war happened in 2023-2025. However, the war is still ongoing. This might've been added during a ceasefire or something and no one changed it back. The 27,000 deaths claim is also probably outdated, but that's a lesser issue. [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 19:09, 4 August 2026 (UTC) :It's mair aat the laist non-vandal edit wis in 2025. Frankly a'd raither dae awa wi the airticle raither nor hae it in sic a cutty state [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:00, 4 August 2026 (UTC) ::(en) and "Gaza-Israel war" isn't even the correct title, it's a series of wars, insurgencies, etc. [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 18:50, 5 August 2026 (UTC) sd0rfeo4b7x5gnndsjw2hwgtcefnbu8