Wikipedia:Mercat Cross

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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

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*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

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== {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? ==

Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots.  I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it.  

Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

:(&amp; also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Harry Potter</title>
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{{Infobox Novel series
| name          = Harry Potter
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (2007)
}}
| image         = [[File:Harry Potter wordmark.svg|frameless|upright=1.25|alt=The ''Harry Potter'' logo, uised first in American edeetions o the novelle series an later in films.]]
| image_caption = The ''Harry Potter'' logo first uised for the American edeetion o the novelle series (an some ither edeetions warldwide), an then the film series.
| author        = [[J. K. Rowling]]
| country       = Unitit Kinrick
| language      = Inglis
| genre         = [[Fantasy leeteratur|Fantasy]], [[drama]], [[young-adult feection]], [[Meestery (feection)|meestery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[Bildungsroman]]
| publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[Arthur A. Levine Books]] (US)&lt;br /&gt;[[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] (UK)
| pub_date      = 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007,&lt;br /&gt;31 July 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35539552|title=Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to be eighth book|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ineetial publication)
| media_type    = Print (hardback &amp; paperback)&lt;br /&gt;[[Audiobook]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-book]] ({{as of|2012|March|lc=y}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Svensson |url=http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |title=Harry Potter breaks e-book lockdown |publisher=Yahoo |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115144/http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| number_of_books = 7
| website = {{URL|https://www.pottermore.com}}
}}
'''''Harry Potter''''' is a series o [[fantasy leeteratur|fantasy novelles]] written bi Breetish author [[J. K. Rowling]]. The novelles chronicle the life o a young [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Harry Potter (chairacter)|Harry Potter]], an his friends [[Hermione Granger]] an [[Ron Weasley]], aw o whom are students at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. The main [[story arc]] concerns Harry's struggle against [[Lord Voldemort]], a dark wizard wha intends tae acome immortal, owerthrow the wizard govrenin bouk kent as the [[Ministry of Magic]], an subjugate aw wizards an [[Muggle]]s.

Syne the release o the first novelle, ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'', on 26 Juin 1997, the beuks hae foond immense popularity, creetical acclaim an commercial success warldwide. Thay hae attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, an are eften considered cornerstones o modren young adult leeteratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2996578.stm|title=Potter's place in the literary canon |publisher=BBC News|last=Allsobrook |first=Dr. Marian|date=18 June 2003|accessdate=15 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series haas an aa haed its share o creeticism, includin concern aboot the increasinly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the eften gruesome an graphic violence it depicts. {{As of|2013|07}}, the beuks hae sauld mair nor 450 million copies warldwide, makin them the [[Leet o best-sellin books|best-sellin beuk series in history]], an hae been [[Harry Potter in translation|owerset intae seiventy-three leids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Translations for Harry Potter&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm|title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PotterStats20130731&gt;{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|publisher=Time| title=Because It's His Birthday: Harry Potter, By the Numbers|author=TIME staff|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801013055/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|archivedate=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last fower beuks consecutively set records as the fastest-sellin beuks in history, wi the final instalment sellin roughly eleiven million copies in the [[Unitit States]] within twinty-fower oors o its release.

The series wis oreeginally published in Inglis bi twa major publishers, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in the Unitit Kinrick an [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Press]] in the Unitit States. A play, ''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'', based on a story bi Rowling, premiered in Lunnon on 30 Julie 2016 at the [[Palace Theatre, Lunnon|Palace Theatre]], an its script wis published bi [[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] as the aicht beuk in the series.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/10/new-harry-potter-cursed-child-eighth-book-july-play-script&lt;/ref&gt; The oreeginal seiven beuks war adaptit intae an aicht-pairt [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] bi [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]], which haes acome the seicont [[Leet o heichest-grossin franchises an film series|heichest-grossin film series]] o aw time {{as of|2015|August|lc=y}}. The franchise haes an aa generatit much [[tie-in]] merchandise, makin the ''Harry Potter'' brand worth in excess o $15&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;HP brand worth&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | title=Business big shot: Harry Potter author JK Rowling | accessdate=14 July 2009 | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Susan | last=Thompson | date=2 April 2008 | archive-date=2012-07-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A series o mony [[genre]]s, includin [[fantasy]], [[drama]], [[comin o age]] an the Breetish [[schuil story]] (which includes elements o [[meestery (fiction)|meestery]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[adventur novelle|adventur]], [[Horror an terror|horror]] an [[romance novel|romance]]), the warld o ''Harry Potter'' explores numerous themes an includes mony cultural meanins an references.&lt;ref name=&quot;meanings&quot;&gt;Sources that refer to the many genres, cultural meanings and references of the series include:
* {{cite web|last=Fry|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Fry|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|title=Living with Harry Potter|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=10 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602092002/http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|archivedate=2 June 2009| deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite news|title=Why J.K. Rowling waited to read ''Harry Potter'' to her daughter|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Jensen|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2000/09/07/why-jk-rowling-waited-read-harry-potter-her-daughter|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=The Last Chapter|author=Nancy Carpentier Brown|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|year=2007|url=http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134200/http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2007 | deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite web|author=J. K. Rowling |title=J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival |url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 |accessdate=10 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213620/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; |archivedate=20 August 2006 | deadurl = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Rowling, the main [[theme (leeteratur)|theme]] is daith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geordie Greig&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Greig |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml |title='There would be so much to tell her...' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=4 April 2007 |date=11 January 2006 |location=London |first=Geordie |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F10%2Fnrowl110.xml |archivedate=2007-03-11 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, an madness.&lt;ref name=QuickQuoteQuill&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm|publisher= Quick Quotes Quill| title=Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling|author=Lizo Mzimba|date=28 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001737/http://quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htmaccess |archivedate=9 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The success o the beuks an films haes ensured that the ''Harry Potter'' franchise continues tae expand, wi numerous [[Leet o Harry Potter-relatit topics|derivative wirks]], a travellin exhibeetion that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in Lunnon that opened in 2012, [[Pottermore|a deegital platform]] on which J.K. Rowling updates the series wi new information an insicht, an a trilogy o spin-off films premiering in November 2016, amang mony ither developments. Maist recently, themed attractions, collectively kent as ''[[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]'', hae been biggit at several [[Universal Parks &amp; Resorts]] amusement parks aroond the warld.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Book Cover.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Inglis cover)
File:Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
File:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
File:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
File:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
File:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
File:Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Harry Potter| ]]
[[Category:1997 introductions]]
[[Category:BILBY Awaird-winnin wirks]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age feection]]
[[Category:Curses in feection]]
[[Category:Fantasy novelle series]]
[[Category:Schuils in feection]]
[[Category:Family in feection]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in written feection]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae plays]]
[[Category:Novelles adaptit intae video gemmes]]
[[Category:Prosthetics in feection]]


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{{Infobox Novel series
| name          = Harry Potter
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (2007)
}}
| image         = [[File:Harry Potter wordmark.svg|frameless|upright=1.25|alt=The ''Harry Potter'' logo, uised first in American edeetions o the novelle series an later in films.]]
| image_caption = The ''Harry Potter'' logo first uised for the American edeetion o the novelle series (an some ither edeetions warldwide), an then the film series.
| author        = [[J. K. Rowling]]
| country       = Unitit Kinrick
| language      = Inglis
| genre         = [[Fantasy leeteratur|Fantasy]], [[drama]], [[young-adult feection]], [[Meestery (feection)|meestery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[Bildungsroman]]
| publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[Arthur A. Levine Books]] (US)&lt;br /&gt;[[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] (UK)
| pub_date      = 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007,&lt;br /&gt;31 July 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35539552|title=Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to be eighth book|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ineetial publication)
| media_type    = Print (hardback &amp; paperback)&lt;br /&gt;[[Audiobook]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-book]] ({{as of|2012|March|lc=y}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Svensson |url=http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |title=Harry Potter breaks e-book lockdown |publisher=Yahoo |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115144/http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| number_of_books = 7
| website = {{URL|https://www.pottermore.com}}
}}
'''''Harry Potter''''' is a series o [[fantasy leeteratur|fantasy novelles]] written bi Breetish author [[J. K. Rowling]]. The novelles chronicle the life o a young [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Harry Potter (chairacter)|Harry Potter]], an his friends [[Hermione Granger]] an [[Ron Weasley]], aw o whom are students at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. The main [[story arc]] concerns Harry's struggle against [[Lord Voldemort]], a dark wizard wha intends tae acome immortal, owerthrow the wizard govrenin bouk kent as the [[Ministry of Magic]], an subjugate aw wizards an [[Muggle]]s.

Syne the release o the first novelle, ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'', on 26 Juin 1997, the beuks hae foond immense popularity, creetical acclaim an commercial success warldwide. Thay hae attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, an are eften considered cornerstones o modren young adult leeteratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2996578.stm|title=Potter's place in the literary canon |publisher=BBC News|last=Allsobrook |first=Dr. Marian|date=18 June 2003|accessdate=15 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series haas an aa haed its share o creeticism, includin concern aboot the increasinly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the eften gruesome an graphic violence it depicts. {{As of|2013|07}}, the beuks hae sauld mair nor 450 million copies warldwide, makin them the [[Leet o best-sellin books|best-sellin beuk series in history]], an hae been [[Harry Potter in translation|owerset intae seiventy-three leids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Translations for Harry Potter&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm|title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PotterStats20130731&gt;{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|publisher=Time| title=Because It's His Birthday: Harry Potter, By the Numbers|author=TIME staff|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801013055/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|archivedate=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last fower beuks consecutively set records as the fastest-sellin beuks in history, wi the final instalment sellin roughly eleiven million copies in the [[Unitit States]] within twinty-fower oors o its release.

The series wis oreeginally published in Inglis bi twa major publishers, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in the Unitit Kinrick an [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Press]] in the Unitit States. A play, ''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'', based on a story bi Rowling, premiered in Lunnon on 30 Julie 2016 at the [[Palace Theatre, Lunnon|Palace Theatre]], an its script wis published bi [[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] as the aicht beuk in the series.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/10/new-harry-potter-cursed-child-eighth-book-july-play-script&lt;/ref&gt; The oreeginal seiven beuks war adaptit intae an aicht-pairt [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] bi [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]], which haes acome the seicont [[Leet o heichest-grossin franchises an film series|heichest-grossin film series]] o aw time {{as of|2015|August|lc=y}}. The franchise haes an aa generatit much [[tie-in]] merchandise, makin the ''Harry Potter'' brand worth in excess o $15&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;HP brand worth&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | title=Business big shot: Harry Potter author JK Rowling | accessdate=14 July 2009 | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Susan | last=Thompson | date=2 April 2008 | archive-date=2012-07-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A series o mony [[genre]]s, includin [[fantasy]], [[drama]], [[comin o age]] an the Breetish [[schuil story]] (which includes elements o [[meestery (fiction)|meestery]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[adventur novelle|adventur]], [[Horror an terror|horror]] an [[romance novel|romance]]), the warld o ''Harry Potter'' explores numerous themes an includes mony cultural meanins an references.&lt;ref name=&quot;meanings&quot;&gt;Sources that refer to the many genres, cultural meanings and references of the series include:
* {{cite web|last=Fry|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Fry|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|title=Living with Harry Potter|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=10 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602092002/http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|archivedate=2 June 2009| deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite news|title=Why J.K. Rowling waited to read ''Harry Potter'' to her daughter|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Jensen|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2000/09/07/why-jk-rowling-waited-read-harry-potter-her-daughter|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=The Last Chapter|author=Nancy Carpentier Brown|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|year=2007|url=http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134200/http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2007 | deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite web|author=J. K. Rowling |title=J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival |url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 |accessdate=10 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213620/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; |archivedate=20 August 2006 | deadurl = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Rowling, the main [[theme (leeteratur)|theme]] is daith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geordie Greig&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Greig |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml |title='There would be so much to tell her...' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=4 April 2007 |date=11 January 2006 |location=London |first=Geordie |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F10%2Fnrowl110.xml |archivedate=2007-03-11 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, an madness.&lt;ref name=QuickQuoteQuill&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm|publisher= Quick Quotes Quill| title=Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling|author=Lizo Mzimba|date=28 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001737/http://quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htmaccess |archivedate=9 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The success o the beuks an films haes ensured that the ''Harry Potter'' franchise continues tae expand, wi numerous [[Leet o Harry Potter-relatit topics|derivative wirks]], a travellin exhibeetion that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in Lunnon that opened in 2012, [[Pottermore|a deegital platform]] on which J.K. Rowling updates the series wi new information an insicht, an a trilogy o spin-off films premiering in November 2016, amang mony ither developments. Maist recently, themed attractions, collectively kent as ''[[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]'', hae been biggit at several [[Universal Parks &amp; Resorts]] amusement parks aroond the warld.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Book Cover.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Inglis cover)
File:Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
File:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
File:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
File:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
File:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
File:Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Harry Potter| ]]
[[Category:1997 introductions]]
[[Category:BILBY Awaird-winnin wirks]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age feection]]
[[Category:Curses in feection]]
[[Category:Fantasy beuks]]
[[Category:Schuils in feection]]
[[Category:Family in feection]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in written feection]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae plays]]
[[Category:Novelles adaptit intae video gemmes]]
[[Category:Prosthetics in feection]]


{{Stub/Beuk}}
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        <username>Munci</username>
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{{Infobox Novel series
| name          = Harry Potter
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (2007)
}}
| image         = [[File:Harry Potter wordmark.svg|frameless|upright=1.25|alt=The ''Harry Potter'' logo, uised first in American edeetions o the novelle series an later in films.]]
| image_caption = The ''Harry Potter'' logo first uised for the American edeetion o the novelle series (an some ither edeetions warldwide), an then the film series.
| author        = [[J. K. Rowling]]
| country       = Unitit Kinrick
| language      = Inglis
| genre         = [[Fantasy leeteratur|Fantasy]], [[drama]], [[young-adult feection]], [[Meestery (feection)|meestery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[Bildungsroman]]
| publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[Arthur A. Levine Books]] (US)&lt;br /&gt;[[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] (UK)
| pub_date      = 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007,&lt;br /&gt;31 July 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35539552|title=Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to be eighth book|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ineetial publication)
| media_type    = Print (hardback &amp; paperback)&lt;br /&gt;[[Audiobook]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-book]] ({{as of|2012|March|lc=y}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Svensson |url=http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |title=Harry Potter breaks e-book lockdown |publisher=Yahoo |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115144/http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| number_of_books = 7
| website = {{URL|https://www.pottermore.com}}
}}
'''''Harry Potter''''' is a series o [[fantasy leeteratur|fantasy novelles]] written bi Breetish author [[J. K. Rowling]]. The novelles chronicle the life o a young [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Harry Potter (chairacter)|Harry Potter]], an his friends [[Hermione Granger]] an [[Ron Weasley]], aw o whom are students at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. The main [[story arc]] concerns Harry's struggle against [[Lord Voldemort]], a dark wizard wha intends tae acome immortal, owerthrow the wizard govrenin bouk kent as the [[Ministry of Magic]], an subjugate aw wizards an [[Muggle]]s.

Syne the release o the first novelle, ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'', on 26 Juin 1997, the beuks hae foond immense popularity, creetical acclaim an commercial success warldwide. Thay hae attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, an are eften considered cornerstones o modren young adult leeteratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2996578.stm|title=Potter's place in the literary canon |publisher=BBC News|last=Allsobrook |first=Dr. Marian|date=18 June 2003|accessdate=15 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series haas an aa haed its share o creeticism, includin concern aboot the increasinly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the eften gruesome an graphic violence it depicts. {{As of|2013|07}}, the beuks hae sauld mair nor 450 million copies warldwide, makin them the [[Leet o best-sellin books|best-sellin beuk series in history]], an hae been [[Harry Potter in translation|owerset intae seiventy-three leids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Translations for Harry Potter&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm|title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PotterStats20130731&gt;{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|publisher=Time| title=Because It's His Birthday: Harry Potter, By the Numbers|author=TIME staff|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801013055/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|archivedate=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last fower beuks consecutively set records as the fastest-sellin beuks in history, wi the final instalment sellin roughly eleiven million copies in the [[Unitit States]] within twinty-fower oors o its release.

The series wis oreeginally published in Inglis bi twa major publishers, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in the Unitit Kinrick an [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Press]] in the Unitit States. A play, ''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'', based on a story bi Rowling, premiered in Lunnon on 30 Julie 2016 at the [[Palace Theatre, Lunnon|Palace Theatre]], an its script wis published bi [[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] as the aicht beuk in the series.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/10/new-harry-potter-cursed-child-eighth-book-july-play-script&lt;/ref&gt; The oreeginal seiven beuks war adaptit intae an aicht-pairt [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] bi [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]], which haes acome the seicont [[Leet o heichest-grossin franchises an film series|heichest-grossin film series]] o aw time {{as of|2015|August|lc=y}}. The franchise haes an aa generatit much [[tie-in]] merchandise, makin the ''Harry Potter'' brand worth in excess o $15&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;HP brand worth&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | title=Business big shot: Harry Potter author JK Rowling | accessdate=14 July 2009 | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Susan | last=Thompson | date=2 April 2008 | archive-date=2012-07-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A series o mony [[genre]]s, includin [[fantasy]], [[drama]], [[comin o age]] an the Breetish [[schuil story]] (which includes elements o [[meestery (fiction)|meestery]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[adventur novelle|adventur]], [[Horror an terror|horror]] an [[romance novel|romance]]), the warld o ''Harry Potter'' explores numerous themes an includes mony cultural meanins an references.&lt;ref name=&quot;meanings&quot;&gt;Sources that refer to the many genres, cultural meanings and references of the series include:
* {{cite web|last=Fry|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Fry|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|title=Living with Harry Potter|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=10 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602092002/http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|archivedate=2 June 2009| deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite news|title=Why J.K. Rowling waited to read ''Harry Potter'' to her daughter|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Jensen|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2000/09/07/why-jk-rowling-waited-read-harry-potter-her-daughter|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=The Last Chapter|author=Nancy Carpentier Brown|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|year=2007|url=http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134200/http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2007 | deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite web|author=J. K. Rowling |title=J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival |url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 |accessdate=10 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213620/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; |archivedate=20 August 2006 | deadurl = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Rowling, the main [[theme (leeteratur)|theme]] is daith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geordie Greig&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Greig |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml |title='There would be so much to tell her...' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=4 April 2007 |date=11 January 2006 |location=London |first=Geordie |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F10%2Fnrowl110.xml |archivedate=2007-03-11 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, an madness.&lt;ref name=QuickQuoteQuill&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm|publisher= Quick Quotes Quill| title=Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling|author=Lizo Mzimba|date=28 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001737/http://quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htmaccess |archivedate=9 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The success o the beuks an films haes ensured that the ''Harry Potter'' franchise continues tae expand, wi numerous [[Leet o Harry Potter-relatit topics|derivative wirks]], a travellin exhibeetion that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in Lunnon that opened in 2012, [[Pottermore|a deegital platform]] on which J.K. Rowling updates the series wi new information an insicht, an a trilogy o spin-off films premiering in November 2016, amang mony ither developments. Maist recently, themed attractions, collectively kent as ''[[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]'', hae been biggit at several [[Universal Parks &amp; Resorts]] amusement parks aroond the warld.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Book Cover.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Inglis cover)
File:Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
File:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
File:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
File:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
File:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
File:Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Harry Potter| ]]
[[Category:1997 introductions]]
[[Category:BILBY Awaird-winnin wirks]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age feection]]
[[Category:Curses in feection]]
[[Category:Fantasy beuks]]
[[Category:Schuils in feection]]
[[Category:Family in feection]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in written feection]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae plays]]
[[Category:Novelles adaptit intae video gemmes]]


{{Stub/Beuk}}
{{Stub/Ingland}}</text>
      <sha1>6hs8l7y8ofot43ukb62sijrm1xg2a9r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921629</id>
      <parentid>921628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:05:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Harry Potter]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox Novel series
| name          = Harry Potter
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (2007)
}}
| image         = [[File:Harry Potter wordmark.svg|frameless|upright=1.25|alt=The ''Harry Potter'' logo, uised first in American edeetions o the novelle series an later in films.]]
| image_caption = The ''Harry Potter'' logo first uised for the American edeetion o the novelle series (an some ither edeetions warldwide), an then the film series.
| author        = [[J. K. Rowling]]
| country       = Unitit Kinrick
| language      = Inglis
| genre         = [[Fantasy leeteratur|Fantasy]], [[drama]], [[young-adult feection]], [[Meestery (feection)|meestery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[Bildungsroman]]
| publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[Arthur A. Levine Books]] (US)&lt;br /&gt;[[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] (UK)
| pub_date      = 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007,&lt;br /&gt;31 July 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35539552|title=Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to be eighth book|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ineetial publication)
| media_type    = Print (hardback &amp; paperback)&lt;br /&gt;[[Audiobook]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-book]] ({{as of|2012|March|lc=y}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Svensson |url=http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |title=Harry Potter breaks e-book lockdown |publisher=Yahoo |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115144/http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| number_of_books = 7
| website = {{URL|https://www.pottermore.com}}
}}
'''''Harry Potter''''' is a series o [[fantasy leeteratur|fantasy novelles]] written bi Breetish author [[J. K. Rowling]]. The novelles chronicle the life o a young [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Harry Potter (chairacter)|Harry Potter]], an his friends [[Hermione Granger]] an [[Ron Weasley]], aw o whom are students at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. The main [[story arc]] concerns Harry's struggle against [[Lord Voldemort]], a dark wizard wha intends tae acome immortal, owerthrow the wizard govrenin bouk kent as the [[Ministry of Magic]], an subjugate aw wizards an [[Muggle]]s.

Syne the release o the first novelle, ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'', on 26 Juin 1997, the beuks hae foond immense popularity, creetical acclaim an commercial success warldwide. Thay hae attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, an are eften considered cornerstones o modren young adult leeteratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2996578.stm|title=Potter's place in the literary canon |publisher=BBC News|last=Allsobrook |first=Dr. Marian|date=18 June 2003|accessdate=15 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series haas an aa haed its share o creeticism, includin concern aboot the increasinly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the eften gruesome an graphic violence it depicts. {{As of|2013|07}}, the beuks hae sauld mair nor 450 million copies warldwide, makin them the [[Leet o best-sellin books|best-sellin beuk series in history]], an hae been [[Harry Potter in translation|owerset intae seiventy-three leids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Translations for Harry Potter&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm|title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PotterStats20130731&gt;{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|publisher=Time| title=Because It's His Birthday: Harry Potter, By the Numbers|author=TIME staff|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801013055/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|archivedate=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last fower beuks consecutively set records as the fastest-sellin beuks in history, wi the final instalment sellin roughly eleiven million copies in the [[Unitit States]] within twinty-fower oors o its release.

The series wis oreeginally published in Inglis bi twa major publishers, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in the Unitit Kinrick an [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Press]] in the Unitit States. A play, ''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'', based on a story bi Rowling, premiered in Lunnon on 30 Julie 2016 at the [[Palace Theatre, Lunnon|Palace Theatre]], an its script wis published bi [[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] as the aicht beuk in the series.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/10/new-harry-potter-cursed-child-eighth-book-july-play-script&lt;/ref&gt; The oreeginal seiven beuks war adaptit intae an aicht-pairt [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] bi [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]], which haes acome the seicont [[Leet o heichest-grossin franchises an film series|heichest-grossin film series]] o aw time {{as of|2015|August|lc=y}}. The franchise haes an aa generatit much [[tie-in]] merchandise, makin the ''Harry Potter'' brand worth in excess o $15&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;HP brand worth&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | title=Business big shot: Harry Potter author JK Rowling | accessdate=14 July 2009 | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Susan | last=Thompson | date=2 April 2008 | archive-date=2012-07-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A series o mony [[genre]]s, includin [[fantasy]], [[drama]], [[comin o age]] an the Breetish [[schuil story]] (which includes elements o [[meestery (fiction)|meestery]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[adventur novelle|adventur]], [[Horror an terror|horror]] an [[romance novel|romance]]), the warld o ''Harry Potter'' explores numerous themes an includes mony cultural meanins an references.&lt;ref name=&quot;meanings&quot;&gt;Sources that refer to the many genres, cultural meanings and references of the series include:
* {{cite web|last=Fry|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Fry|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|title=Living with Harry Potter|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=10 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602092002/http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|archivedate=2 June 2009| deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite news|title=Why J.K. Rowling waited to read ''Harry Potter'' to her daughter|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Jensen|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2000/09/07/why-jk-rowling-waited-read-harry-potter-her-daughter|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=The Last Chapter|author=Nancy Carpentier Brown|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|year=2007|url=http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134200/http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2007 | deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite web|author=J. K. Rowling |title=J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival |url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 |accessdate=10 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213620/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; |archivedate=20 August 2006 | deadurl = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Rowling, the main [[theme (leeteratur)|theme]] is daith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geordie Greig&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Greig |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml |title='There would be so much to tell her...' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=4 April 2007 |date=11 January 2006 |location=London |first=Geordie |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F10%2Fnrowl110.xml |archivedate=2007-03-11 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, an madness.&lt;ref name=QuickQuoteQuill&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm|publisher= Quick Quotes Quill| title=Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling|author=Lizo Mzimba|date=28 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001737/http://quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htmaccess |archivedate=9 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The success o the beuks an films haes ensured that the ''Harry Potter'' franchise continues tae expand, wi numerous [[Leet o Harry Potter-relatit topics|derivative wirks]], a travellin exhibeetion that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in Lunnon that opened in 2012, [[Pottermore|a deegital platform]] on which J.K. Rowling updates the series wi new information an insicht, an a trilogy o spin-off films premiering in November 2016, amang mony ither developments. Maist recently, themed attractions, collectively kent as ''[[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]'', hae been biggit at several [[Universal Parks &amp; Resorts]] amusement parks aroond the warld.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Book Cover.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Inglis cover)
File:Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
File:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
File:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
File:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
File:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
File:Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1997 introductions]]
[[Category:BILBY Awaird-winnin wirks]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age feection]]
[[Category:Curses in feection]]
[[Category:Fantasy beuks]]
[[Category:Schuils in feection]]
[[Category:Family in feection]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in written feection]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae plays]]
[[Category:Novelles adaptit intae video gemmes]]


{{Stub/Beuk}}
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    <revision>
      <id>921631</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:06:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Novelles adaptit intae video gemmes]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox Novel series
| name          = Harry Potter
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (2007)
}}
| image         = [[File:Harry Potter wordmark.svg|frameless|upright=1.25|alt=The ''Harry Potter'' logo, uised first in American edeetions o the novelle series an later in films.]]
| image_caption = The ''Harry Potter'' logo first uised for the American edeetion o the novelle series (an some ither edeetions warldwide), an then the film series.
| author        = [[J. K. Rowling]]
| country       = Unitit Kinrick
| language      = Inglis
| genre         = [[Fantasy leeteratur|Fantasy]], [[drama]], [[young-adult feection]], [[Meestery (feection)|meestery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[Bildungsroman]]
| publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[Arthur A. Levine Books]] (US)&lt;br /&gt;[[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] (UK)
| pub_date      = 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007,&lt;br /&gt;31 July 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35539552|title=Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to be eighth book|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ineetial publication)
| media_type    = Print (hardback &amp; paperback)&lt;br /&gt;[[Audiobook]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-book]] ({{as of|2012|March|lc=y}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Svensson |url=http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |title=Harry Potter breaks e-book lockdown |publisher=Yahoo |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115144/http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| number_of_books = 7
| website = {{URL|https://www.pottermore.com}}
}}
'''''Harry Potter''''' is a series o [[fantasy leeteratur|fantasy novelles]] written bi Breetish author [[J. K. Rowling]]. The novelles chronicle the life o a young [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Harry Potter (chairacter)|Harry Potter]], an his friends [[Hermione Granger]] an [[Ron Weasley]], aw o whom are students at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. The main [[story arc]] concerns Harry's struggle against [[Lord Voldemort]], a dark wizard wha intends tae acome immortal, owerthrow the wizard govrenin bouk kent as the [[Ministry of Magic]], an subjugate aw wizards an [[Muggle]]s.

Syne the release o the first novelle, ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'', on 26 Juin 1997, the beuks hae foond immense popularity, creetical acclaim an commercial success warldwide. Thay hae attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, an are eften considered cornerstones o modren young adult leeteratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2996578.stm|title=Potter's place in the literary canon |publisher=BBC News|last=Allsobrook |first=Dr. Marian|date=18 June 2003|accessdate=15 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series haas an aa haed its share o creeticism, includin concern aboot the increasinly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the eften gruesome an graphic violence it depicts. {{As of|2013|07}}, the beuks hae sauld mair nor 450 million copies warldwide, makin them the [[Leet o best-sellin books|best-sellin beuk series in history]], an hae been [[Harry Potter in translation|owerset intae seiventy-three leids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Translations for Harry Potter&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm|title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PotterStats20130731&gt;{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|publisher=Time| title=Because It's His Birthday: Harry Potter, By the Numbers|author=TIME staff|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801013055/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|archivedate=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last fower beuks consecutively set records as the fastest-sellin beuks in history, wi the final instalment sellin roughly eleiven million copies in the [[Unitit States]] within twinty-fower oors o its release.

The series wis oreeginally published in Inglis bi twa major publishers, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in the Unitit Kinrick an [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Press]] in the Unitit States. A play, ''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'', based on a story bi Rowling, premiered in Lunnon on 30 Julie 2016 at the [[Palace Theatre, Lunnon|Palace Theatre]], an its script wis published bi [[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] as the aicht beuk in the series.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/10/new-harry-potter-cursed-child-eighth-book-july-play-script&lt;/ref&gt; The oreeginal seiven beuks war adaptit intae an aicht-pairt [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] bi [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]], which haes acome the seicont [[Leet o heichest-grossin franchises an film series|heichest-grossin film series]] o aw time {{as of|2015|August|lc=y}}. The franchise haes an aa generatit much [[tie-in]] merchandise, makin the ''Harry Potter'' brand worth in excess o $15&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;HP brand worth&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | title=Business big shot: Harry Potter author JK Rowling | accessdate=14 July 2009 | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Susan | last=Thompson | date=2 April 2008 | archive-date=2012-07-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A series o mony [[genre]]s, includin [[fantasy]], [[drama]], [[comin o age]] an the Breetish [[schuil story]] (which includes elements o [[meestery (fiction)|meestery]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[adventur novelle|adventur]], [[Horror an terror|horror]] an [[romance novel|romance]]), the warld o ''Harry Potter'' explores numerous themes an includes mony cultural meanins an references.&lt;ref name=&quot;meanings&quot;&gt;Sources that refer to the many genres, cultural meanings and references of the series include:
* {{cite web|last=Fry|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Fry|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|title=Living with Harry Potter|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=10 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602092002/http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|archivedate=2 June 2009| deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite news|title=Why J.K. Rowling waited to read ''Harry Potter'' to her daughter|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Jensen|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2000/09/07/why-jk-rowling-waited-read-harry-potter-her-daughter|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=The Last Chapter|author=Nancy Carpentier Brown|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|year=2007|url=http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134200/http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2007 | deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite web|author=J. K. Rowling |title=J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival |url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 |accessdate=10 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213620/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; |archivedate=20 August 2006 | deadurl = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Rowling, the main [[theme (leeteratur)|theme]] is daith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geordie Greig&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Greig |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml |title='There would be so much to tell her...' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=4 April 2007 |date=11 January 2006 |location=London |first=Geordie |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F10%2Fnrowl110.xml |archivedate=2007-03-11 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, an madness.&lt;ref name=QuickQuoteQuill&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm|publisher= Quick Quotes Quill| title=Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling|author=Lizo Mzimba|date=28 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001737/http://quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htmaccess |archivedate=9 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The success o the beuks an films haes ensured that the ''Harry Potter'' franchise continues tae expand, wi numerous [[Leet o Harry Potter-relatit topics|derivative wirks]], a travellin exhibeetion that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in Lunnon that opened in 2012, [[Pottermore|a deegital platform]] on which J.K. Rowling updates the series wi new information an insicht, an a trilogy o spin-off films premiering in November 2016, amang mony ither developments. Maist recently, themed attractions, collectively kent as ''[[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]'', hae been biggit at several [[Universal Parks &amp; Resorts]] amusement parks aroond the warld.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Book Cover.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Inglis cover)
File:Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
File:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
File:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
File:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
File:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
File:Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1997 introductions]]
[[Category:BILBY Awaird-winnin wirks]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age feection]]
[[Category:Curses in feection]]
[[Category:Fantasy beuks]]
[[Category:Schuils in feection]]
[[Category:Family in feection]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in written feection]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae plays]]


{{Stub/Beuk}}
{{Stub/Ingland}}</text>
      <sha1>b4d2kzlp01yxnkg4irrljuy063e5bwk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921632</id>
      <parentid>921631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae plays]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921632</origin>
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{{Infobox Novel series
| name          = Harry Potter
| books = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' (2007)
}}
| image         = [[File:Harry Potter wordmark.svg|frameless|upright=1.25|alt=The ''Harry Potter'' logo, uised first in American edeetions o the novelle series an later in films.]]
| image_caption = The ''Harry Potter'' logo first uised for the American edeetion o the novelle series (an some ither edeetions warldwide), an then the film series.
| author        = [[J. K. Rowling]]
| country       = Unitit Kinrick
| language      = Inglis
| genre         = [[Fantasy leeteratur|Fantasy]], [[drama]], [[young-adult feection]], [[Meestery (feection)|meestery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[Bildungsroman]]
| publisher     = [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[Arthur A. Levine Books]] (US)&lt;br /&gt;[[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] (UK)
| pub_date      = 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007,&lt;br /&gt;31 July 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35539552|title=Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to be eighth book|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ineetial publication)
| media_type    = Print (hardback &amp; paperback)&lt;br /&gt;[[Audiobook]]&lt;br /&gt;[[E-book]] ({{as of|2012|March|lc=y}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Svensson |url=http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |title=Harry Potter breaks e-book lockdown |publisher=Yahoo |date=27 March 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2013 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115144/http://news.yahoo.com/harry-potter-breaks-e-book-lockdown-205343680.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| number_of_books = 7
| website = {{URL|https://www.pottermore.com}}
}}
'''''Harry Potter''''' is a series o [[fantasy leeteratur|fantasy novelles]] written bi Breetish author [[J. K. Rowling]]. The novelles chronicle the life o a young [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]], [[Harry Potter (chairacter)|Harry Potter]], an his friends [[Hermione Granger]] an [[Ron Weasley]], aw o whom are students at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. The main [[story arc]] concerns Harry's struggle against [[Lord Voldemort]], a dark wizard wha intends tae acome immortal, owerthrow the wizard govrenin bouk kent as the [[Ministry of Magic]], an subjugate aw wizards an [[Muggle]]s.

Syne the release o the first novelle, ''[[Harry Potter an the Philosopher's Stane]]'', on 26 Juin 1997, the beuks hae foond immense popularity, creetical acclaim an commercial success warldwide. Thay hae attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, an are eften considered cornerstones o modren young adult leeteratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2996578.stm|title=Potter's place in the literary canon |publisher=BBC News|last=Allsobrook |first=Dr. Marian|date=18 June 2003|accessdate=15 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series haas an aa haed its share o creeticism, includin concern aboot the increasinly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the eften gruesome an graphic violence it depicts. {{As of|2013|07}}, the beuks hae sauld mair nor 450 million copies warldwide, makin them the [[Leet o best-sellin books|best-sellin beuk series in history]], an hae been [[Harry Potter in translation|owerset intae seiventy-three leids]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Translations for Harry Potter&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm|title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=PotterStats20130731&gt;{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|publisher=Time| title=Because It's His Birthday: Harry Potter, By the Numbers|author=TIME staff|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801013055/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/07/31/because-its-his-birthday-harry-potter-by-the-numbers/|archivedate=1 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The last fower beuks consecutively set records as the fastest-sellin beuks in history, wi the final instalment sellin roughly eleiven million copies in the [[Unitit States]] within twinty-fower oors o its release.

The series wis oreeginally published in Inglis bi twa major publishers, [[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] in the Unitit Kinrick an [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Press]] in the Unitit States. A play, ''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'', based on a story bi Rowling, premiered in Lunnon on 30 Julie 2016 at the [[Palace Theatre, Lunnon|Palace Theatre]], an its script wis published bi [[Little, Brown Book Group|Little, Brown]] as the aicht beuk in the series.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/10/new-harry-potter-cursed-child-eighth-book-july-play-script&lt;/ref&gt; The oreeginal seiven beuks war adaptit intae an aicht-pairt [[Harry Potter (film series)|film series]] bi [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros. Pictures]], which haes acome the seicont [[Leet o heichest-grossin franchises an film series|heichest-grossin film series]] o aw time {{as of|2015|August|lc=y}}. The franchise haes an aa generatit much [[tie-in]] merchandise, makin the ''Harry Potter'' brand worth in excess o $15&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;HP brand worth&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | title=Business big shot: Harry Potter author JK Rowling | accessdate=14 July 2009 | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Susan | last=Thompson | date=2 April 2008 | archive-date=2012-07-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article3663197.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A series o mony [[genre]]s, includin [[fantasy]], [[drama]], [[comin o age]] an the Breetish [[schuil story]] (which includes elements o [[meestery (fiction)|meestery]], [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], [[adventur novelle|adventur]], [[Horror an terror|horror]] an [[romance novel|romance]]), the warld o ''Harry Potter'' explores numerous themes an includes mony cultural meanins an references.&lt;ref name=&quot;meanings&quot;&gt;Sources that refer to the many genres, cultural meanings and references of the series include:
* {{cite web|last=Fry|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Fry|url=http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|title=Living with Harry Potter|publisher=BBC Radio 4|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=10 December 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602092002/http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html|archivedate=2 June 2009| deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite news|title=Why J.K. Rowling waited to read ''Harry Potter'' to her daughter|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Jensen|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Jensen|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2000/09/07/why-jk-rowling-waited-read-harry-potter-her-daughter|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=The Last Chapter|author=Nancy Carpentier Brown|publisher=Our Sunday Visitor|year=2007|url=http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013134200/http://www.osv.com/Portals/0/images/pdf/TheLastChapter.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2007 | deadurl = yes }}
* {{cite web|author=J. K. Rowling |title=J. K. Rowling at the Edinburgh Book Festival |url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 |accessdate=10 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820213620/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80 &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; |archivedate=20 August 2006 | deadurl = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Rowling, the main [[theme (leeteratur)|theme]] is daith.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geordie Greig&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Greig |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/10/nrowl110.xml |title='There would be so much to tell her...' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=4 April 2007 |date=11 January 2006 |location=London |first=Geordie |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F10%2Fnrowl110.xml |archivedate=2007-03-11 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, an madness.&lt;ref name=QuickQuoteQuill&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htm|publisher= Quick Quotes Quill| title=Interview with Steve Kloves and J.K. Rowling|author=Lizo Mzimba|date=28 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001737/http://quick-quote-quill.org/articles/2003/0302-newsround-mzimba.htmaccess |archivedate=9 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The success o the beuks an films haes ensured that the ''Harry Potter'' franchise continues tae expand, wi numerous [[Leet o Harry Potter-relatit topics|derivative wirks]], a travellin exhibeetion that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in Lunnon that opened in 2012, [[Pottermore|a deegital platform]] on which J.K. Rowling updates the series wi new information an insicht, an a trilogy o spin-off films premiering in November 2016, amang mony ither developments. Maist recently, themed attractions, collectively kent as ''[[The Wizarding World of Harry Potter]]'', hae been biggit at several [[Universal Parks &amp; Resorts]] amusement parks aroond the warld.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Book Cover.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Inglis cover)
File:Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
File:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
File:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
File:Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
File:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
File:Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.jpg|Cover airt fur Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1997 introductions]]
[[Category:BILBY Awaird-winnin wirks]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age feection]]
[[Category:Curses in feection]]
[[Category:Fantasy beuks]]
[[Category:Schuils in feection]]
[[Category:Family in feection]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in written feection]]
[[Category:Breetish novelles adaptit intae films]]


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{{Infobox person
| name = Alexander Graham Bell
| image = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg
| caption = Portrait photae takken atween 1914 an 1919
| birth_date = Mairch 3, 1847
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae
| death_cause = Complications frae [[diabetes]]{{thinsp}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell |url={{google books|ujlCgf1uSJIC|plainurl=yes|page=151}} |year=2006 |publisher=Arcade |location=New York |p=419 |isbn=1-55970-809-3 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation = {{hlist |Inventor |Scientist}} {{hlist |Ingineer |Professor{{thinsp}}{{sup|a}}}} {{nowrap|Teacher o the deaf{{thinsp}}}}
| residence = {{ublist|class=nowrap &lt;!--(chronological:)--&gt;|Unitit Kinrick |Canadae |Unitit States}}
| citizenship =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| {{smaller|birth–1882}}{{nbsp|3}} [[Breetish ceetizen|Breetish]]{{refn|Bell an his parents immigratit tae Canadae in 1870, but [[Canadian naitionality law#History o Breetish subject intae Canadian ceetizenship|Canadian ceetizenship]] didnae exist formally till 1910; aw immigrants frae the UK remeened &quot;[[Breetish subject]]s&quot;. Canadae wis Bell's domicile frae 1870 til 1871 an, awtho sent bi his faither fur tae teach in Boston, Massachusetts, an mibbes ayont. He becam a U.S. ceetizen in 1882. |group=&quot;N&quot;}}
| {{smaller|1882–death}}&amp;nbsp; [[Ceetizenship in the Unitit States|American]]
}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Varsity o Edinburgh]] |[[University College London]]}}
| known_for = {{nowrap|&lt;!---The follaein is based on siveral reliable soorces. Afore chyngin, please discuss on the talk page:---&gt;[[Invention o the telephone]]{{thinsp}}}}
| awards = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{smaller|1902}}&amp;nbsp; [[Albert Medal (Ryal Society o Airts)|Albert Medal]] |{{smaller|1907}}&amp;nbsp; [[John Fritz Medal]] |{{smaller|1912}}&amp;nbsp; [[Elliott Cresson Medal]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mabel Hubbard]]|()=smaller|1877|1922}}
| parents = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Alexander Melville Bell]] |Eliza Grace Symonds Bell}}
| signature = Alexander Graham Bell (signature).svg
| children = fower{{thinsp}}{{sup|b}}
| relatives =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard|Gardiner G. Hubbard]]  {{small|(father-in-law)}}
| [[David Charles Bell (academic)|David C. Bell]]  {{small|(uncle)}}
| [[Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor|Gilbert H. Grosvenor]] {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| [[David Fairchild]]                              {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| Melville Bell Grosvenor                     {{small|(grandson)}}
| Mabel Grosvenor  {{small|(granddaughter)}}
| A. Graham Bell Fairchild   {{small|(grandson)}}
| Gilbert Grosvenor {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Edwin Grosvenor         {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Chichester Bell             {{small|(cousin)}}
}}
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Alexander Graham Bell's Voice.ogg |title={{big|Bell's vyce}}{{thinsp}}&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-had-no-idea-what-alexander-graham-bell-sounded-like-until-now-37585123/?c=y&amp;page=1 |title=We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. Until Now |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |accessdate=February 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; |type=speech |description=[[Volta Laboratory and Bureau#Bell's voice|Re-identified in 2013]], Bell made this [[Phonograph cylinder#Early development|wax-disc]] recording of his voice in 1885.}}
| footnotes = {{ublist |{{sup|a}} [[Boston Varsity]] |{{sup|b}} Twa dee'd soon efter birth.}}
}}
'''Alexander Graham Bell''' ([[3 Mairch]], [[1847]] – [[2 August]], [[1922]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-07|title=Bell Homestead|url=https://www.brantford.ca/en/things-to-do/bell-homestead.aspx|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.brantford.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[Scots fowk|Scots-born]] [[scientist]], [[inventor]],  wha bade in [[Canadae]], an efter in the [[Unitit States]], wis foonder o the [[Bell Canada]], an the American Telephone an Telegraph Company ([[AT&amp;T]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Transistorized: AT&amp;T {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/att.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.pbs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an wis kent as the 'faither o the [[telephone]]'.&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |title = Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-24 |archive-date = 2015-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003124/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; As weel as his wark in [[telecommunications]] technology, he wis responsible for sindry important advances in [[aviation]] an [[hydrofoil]] technology, an in [[genetics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  

Baith his mither an sister war baith profoondly deif, an male members o his faimily war warkin on [[Speak|speech]] an elocution. This micht hae influencit Bell's ain research,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bruce|first=Robert V.|title=Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the conquest of solitude|url=https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1|date=1990|publisher=Cornell Univ. Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2|edition=[Nachdr. der Ausg.] Boston, Little, Brown, 1973|location=Ithaca|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1/page/419 419], 37, 491, 388}}&lt;/ref&gt; that led tae him gettin the first U.S. patent, oan 5 March 1876, fur the telephone,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Alexander Graham Bell: an inventive life|date=1999|publisher=Kids Can Press|isbn=978-1-55074-456-9|editor-last=MacLeod|editor-first=Elizabeth|location=Toronto|pages=19, 12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho he widna thole haein a telephone in his ain study fur it wad interupt his ither research wark.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

He wis forby interestit in [[heredity]] an his wark on this wis cawed &quot;the soondest, an maist uissfae study o human heredity proponed in nineteenth-century America... Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

He becam the second preses (1898 -1903) o the [[National Geographic Society]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-02|title=NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day {{!}} National Geographic (blogs)|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202163557/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life an faimily ==
Born Alexander Bell  in [[Edinburgh]] on 3 Mairch 1847, his faither wis Alexander Melville Bell, a phoneticist wha developit sign leid, an his mither wis Eliza Grace Bell (''née'' Symonds);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1905-08-08|title=ALEXANDER M. BELL DEAD.; Father of Prof. A.G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/08/08/archives/alexander-m-bell-dead-father-of-prof-ag-bell-developed-sign.html|access-date=2024-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; the faimily bided in Charlotte Street.  He hid askit his faither tae gie him a middle name like his twa brithers, an sae wis named aifter a ludger, wha his faither wis treatin, Alexander Graham, sae frae the age o elelven, he wis kent as Alexander Graham Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-02-24|title=Alexander Graham Bell: Call Me Alexander Graham Bell|url=http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224032704/http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

His twa brithers Melville James Bell (1845–1870) an Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), baith dee'd o tuberculosis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/alexander-graham-bell-papers/about-this-collection/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mither (frae Bell wis anely twelve) an sister war baith deif, an he becam interessit in hou tae communicate wi thaim, an in acoustics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=James|title=Sounds out of silence: a life of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack|date=1997|publisher=Mainstream Publ|isbn=978-1-85158-833-6|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack/page/25 25]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell wis musical an inventive as a bairn, an his parents hertent him in that. His faither taucht him Visible Speech method, an Bell could expoond mony leids, wi'oot kennin hoo they wis pronooncit,  sik as [[Laitin]], [[Scots Gaelic]] an [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Petrie|first=A. Roy|title=Alexander Graham Bell|date=1983|publisher=Fitzhenry &amp; Whiteside|isbn=978-0-88902-209-6|series=The Canadians|location=Don Mills, Ont|pages=7-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

He then bided wi his granfaither in Lunnon fir ae year afore he gaed tae be a pupil-teacher o elocution an music awtho he hissel studied Laitin an Greek at Weston House Academy, [[Elgin, Moray]]. 

Aifter went tae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]], an forby wis back at Elgin, an aifter tocht in Bath, [[Somerset]]. Whiles he wis ill hissel, but his younger brither Edward never rekivert an dee'd o tuberculosis (1867). Syne his elder brither, Melville de'ed anaa in 1870. His faither, mony years afore, hid convalesced in [[Newfoundland an Labrador|Newfoondland]] an acause Bell wis ill anaa (forby he wis due tae stert tae study at the [[Varsity o Lunnon|Varsity o Lunnin)]], an haed whiles tocht deif bairns in Lunnon wi his faither, the hale faimily gaed awa tae bide in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A decade efter, aince he hid foondit the Bell Telephone Company, he merrit Mabel Hubbard on 11 July 1877. They hid fower bairns, twa wha dee'd as littlins, an twa dochters Elsie Mabel Bell an Marion Hubbard Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|url=http://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00gros|title=Alexander Graham Bell : the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=New York : Harry Abrams|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|pages=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Research an teachin ==
Bell's faither hertent him, an his brither Melville wha workit wi him, ti dae aa kind o experiments on soond an acoustics. He wis makin a model o the [[thrapple]] (larynx) an skult, an usin bellows tae mak it spikk,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; anither project wis da'en wi a dug, a [[Skye Tarrie]], ''Trouve,'' makin it mak 'human' soounds by pressin oan its thrapple an movin its lips wi his haunds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Groundwater|first=Jennifer|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the spirit of invention; biography|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou|date=2005|publisher=Altitude Pub. Canada|isbn=978-1-55439-006-9|series=Amazing stories|location=Canmore, Alta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou/page/30 30], 39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baith in Canadae, an then in [[Boston]], Bell workit wi the deif wi his faither, as a dominie in his ain shuil.  Ane o Bell's private schull bairns wis [[Helen Keller]], baith blin an deif an nae able tae spikk. She wis tocht by Bell uising his faither's method. Mony years aifter, she wis askit tae cut the sod fur the foondin o Bell's own institute, Volta Bureau, fur &quot;the increase an diffusion o knawledge relatin tae the deif&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Alexander Graham Bell {{!}} Biography, Education, Telephone, Inventions, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1872, Bell becam professor o Vocal Physiology an Elocution at the Boston Varsity Schull o Oratory. He tocht private pupils an continuit tae experiment wi soond an muisic transmission. But he becam unweel forby.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== The telephone ==
Bell experimentit wi soond transmission in varlous weys, includin a phonoautograph, an forby uisin electric currents tae trasmit the soonds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Always inventing: a photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alwaysinventingp0000matt|date=1999|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-0-7922-7391-2|editor-last=Matthews|editor-first=Tom L.|location=Washington, DC|pages=19-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In the 1870s, the telegraph wis growin across Americae an Canadae. Bell told twa walthie investors aboot his invention tae send multiple tones on a telegraph. This startit the investment ahint his invention, the telephone, in 1875 (an the necessary prertection by patent).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Evenson|first=A. Edward|title=The telephone patent conspiracy of 1876: the Elisha Gray-Alexander Bell controversy and its many players|date=2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0883-2|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Another model by Elisha Gray wis bein pruived, an he wis forby applying fur a patent, at almaist the same time, an sae Gray brocht a challenge agin Bell's application.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

But the telephone patent no.174,465, wis issuit to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office.  

This pertection wis fur &quot;the method o, an apparatus fur, transmittin vocal or other soonds telegraphically ... bi causin electrical undulations, seemilar  tae the vibrations o the air  that gaes wi the said vocal o ither soond.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Three days efter, 10 March 1876, Bell transmittit soond by varying electrical currents. But he developit a better model wi [[Electromagnetic radiation|electomagnetic]] methods. He continuit to impruive his approach an in August 1876, Bell sent a soond transmission (ae wey) fower miles frae his haim, an then eight miles tae Paris, Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone|url=https://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.telecommunications.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next step wis twa-wey conversation an this cam aboot oan 9 October 1876, frae [[Cambridge, Maryland|Cambridge]], Maryland tae Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Phone Call|url=https://historycambridge.org/innovation/First%20Phone%20Call.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=historycambridge.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The followin year, the Bell Telephone Company wis creatit an with an decade aboot 150,000 fowk in the Unitit States awnt a telephone. Within twa mair years, Bell's demonstration o the telephone becam kintra wide then international efter a call wi [[Queen Victoria]], oan the [[Isle o Wight]] tae Soothhampton an Lunnon an Bell offerit a set o telephones fir hir uise, alane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Stewart|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross|date=2001|publisher=Raintree Steck-Vaughn|isbn=978-0-7398-4415-1|series=Scientists who made history|location=Austin, TX|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross/page/21 21]-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ither projects ==

=== Photophone ===
Bell an his assistant, Charles Sumner Tainter, developit a photophone that transmittit soond an human vyce o'er a beam o licht.  Whan it wis testit ower a distance o 700feet on 21 June 1880, it wis aboot 19 year afore the first vyce radio transmission.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-02-19|title=First Radio Built by San Diego Resident|url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|access-date=2024-06-25|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2002-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219111153/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell hissel thocht this wis his greatest invention.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-graham-bell|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metal detector ===
Bell developit a kind o metal detector tae assist tae speir oot the murther o Preses [[James A. Garfield]] (1881) tae airt oot whaur the bullet whit kilt him haed gane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|editor-last=AvRutick|editor-first=Sharon|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros/page/106 107]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell scrievit an airticle publishit bi the American Association fur the Advancement o Science aboot his invention an the speirin o the murther.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bell|first=Alexander Graham|date=1883-01-01|title=Upon the electrical experiments to determine the location of the bullet in the body of the late President Garfield; and upon a successful form of induction balance for the painless detection of metallic masses in the human body|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/64003|journal=American Journal of Science|language=en|volume=s3-25|issue=145|pages=22–61|doi=10.2475/ajs.s3-25.145.22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hydrofoil an aeronautics ===
Aifter ha'en seen an ridden in the Forlanini hydrofoil on Lake Maggiore, Italy in 1910-11, Bell an Frederick W. Baldwin impruived the design an then warkit wi boat-bigger, Walter Pinaud (afore an efter World War I), wi engines frae the U.S. Navy, an creatit a hydrofoil that set the warld record fur marine speed o 70.86 miles per oor (114.04 kilometres per oor) on 19 September 1919, an they held it fir ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boileau|first=John|title=Fastest in the world: the saga of Canada's revolutionary hydrofoils|date=2005|publisher=Formac Publ|isbn=978-0-88780-621-6|location=Halifax, NS|pages=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bell wis ahint the Aerial Experiment Association, that wis pruivin an fleein 'heavier than air' machines, wi an investment frae his wife Mabel. This includit pruivin brent-new ideas sic an enclosit cockpit an a form o aerelon, fir steerin the machine.  Oan  23 February 1909, he wis thare whaun the AEA's ''Sliver Dart'' makkit ithe first flicht in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=Alan|title=Into the 20th century: 1900/1910|url=https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse|date=1977|publisher=Natural Science of Canada Ltd|isbn=978-0-919644-22-9|series=Canada's illustrated heritage|location=Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse/page/95 95] -97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Heredity an genetics ===
Frae thair interest in deif fowk, an in genetics ower mony years, Bell an his wife Mabel experimentit wi breeding sheep, fur tae develop anes that haed mair teats fur feeding their lamms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Greenwald|first=Brian H.|date=2009|title=The Real “Toll” of A. G. Bell: Lessons about Eugenics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26190555|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=9|issue=3|pages=258–265|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae thare an fur his ither studies in eugenics, in 1921 Bell becam the honorary preses o the Second International Congress o Eugenics in New York  whaur he wis ca'ad 'a pioneeering investigator in the field o human genetics'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allen|first=Garland E.|date=January 1986|title=The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay in Institutional History|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368657|journal=Osiris|language=en|volume=2|pages=225–264|doi=10.1086/368657|issn=0369-7827}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Death ==
Bell dea'd o complications frae diabetes oan 2 August 1922.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm62118266|title=Reluctant genius: Alexander Graham Bell and the passion for invention|date=2006|publisher=Arcade Pub. : Distributed by Hachette Book Group USA|isbn=978-1-55970-809-8|edition=1st U.S. ed|location=New York|pages=419|oclc=ocm62118266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;


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{{Infobox person
| name = Alexander Graham Bell
| image = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg
| caption = Portrait photae takken atween 1914 an 1919
| birth_date = Mairch 3, 1847
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae
| death_cause = Complications frae [[diabetes]]{{thinsp}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell |url={{google books|ujlCgf1uSJIC|plainurl=yes|page=151}} |year=2006 |publisher=Arcade |location=New York |p=419 |isbn=1-55970-809-3 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation = {{hlist |Inventor |Scientist}} {{hlist |Ingineer |Professor{{thinsp}}{{sup|a}}}} {{nowrap|Teacher o the deaf{{thinsp}}}}
| residence = {{ublist|class=nowrap &lt;!--(chronological:)--&gt;|Unitit Kinrick |Canadae |Unitit States}}
| citizenship =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| {{smaller|birth–1882}}{{nbsp|3}} [[Breetish ceetizen|Breetish]]{{refn|Bell an his parents immigratit tae Canadae in 1870, but [[Canadian naitionality law#History o Breetish subject intae Canadian ceetizenship|Canadian ceetizenship]] didnae exist formally till 1910; aw immigrants frae the UK remeened &quot;[[Breetish subject]]s&quot;. Canadae wis Bell's domicile frae 1870 til 1871 an, awtho sent bi his faither fur tae teach in Boston, Massachusetts, an mibbes ayont. He becam a U.S. ceetizen in 1882. |group=&quot;N&quot;}}
| {{smaller|1882–death}}&amp;nbsp; [[Ceetizenship in the Unitit States|American]]
}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Varsity o Edinburgh]] |[[University College London]]}}
| known_for = {{nowrap|&lt;!---The follaein is based on siveral reliable soorces. Afore chyngin, please discuss on the talk page:---&gt;[[Invention o the telephone]]{{thinsp}}}}
| awards = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{smaller|1902}}&amp;nbsp; [[Albert Medal (Ryal Society o Airts)|Albert Medal]] |{{smaller|1907}}&amp;nbsp; [[John Fritz Medal]] |{{smaller|1912}}&amp;nbsp; [[Elliott Cresson Medal]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mabel Hubbard]]|()=smaller|1877|1922}}
| parents = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Alexander Melville Bell]] |Eliza Grace Symonds Bell}}
| signature = Alexander Graham Bell (signature).svg
| children = fower{{thinsp}}{{sup|b}}
| relatives =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard|Gardiner G. Hubbard]]  {{small|(father-in-law)}}
| [[David Charles Bell (academic)|David C. Bell]]  {{small|(uncle)}}
| [[Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor|Gilbert H. Grosvenor]] {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| [[David Fairchild]]                              {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| Melville Bell Grosvenor                     {{small|(grandson)}}
| Mabel Grosvenor  {{small|(granddaughter)}}
| A. Graham Bell Fairchild   {{small|(grandson)}}
| Gilbert Grosvenor {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Edwin Grosvenor         {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Chichester Bell             {{small|(cousin)}}
}}
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Alexander Graham Bell's Voice.ogg |title={{big|Bell's vyce}}{{thinsp}}&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-had-no-idea-what-alexander-graham-bell-sounded-like-until-now-37585123/?c=y&amp;page=1 |title=We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. Until Now |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |accessdate=February 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; |type=speech |description=[[Volta Laboratory and Bureau#Bell's voice|Re-identified in 2013]], Bell made this [[Phonograph cylinder#Early development|wax-disc]] recording of his voice in 1885.}}
| footnotes = {{ublist |{{sup|a}} [[Boston Varsity]] |{{sup|b}} Twa dee'd soon efter birth.}}
}}
'''Alexander Graham Bell''' ([[3 Mairch]], [[1847]] – [[2 August]], [[1922]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-07|title=Bell Homestead|url=https://www.brantford.ca/en/things-to-do/bell-homestead.aspx|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.brantford.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[Scots fowk|Scots-born]] [[scientist]], [[inventor]],  wha bade in [[Canadae]], an efter in the [[Unitit States]], wis foonder o the [[Bell Canada]], an the American Telephone an Telegraph Company ([[AT&amp;T]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Transistorized: AT&amp;T {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/att.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.pbs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an wis kent as the 'faither o the [[telephone]]'.&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |title = Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-24 |archive-date = 2015-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003124/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; As weel as his wark in [[telecommunications]] technology, he wis responsible for sindry important advances in [[aviation]] an [[hydrofoil]] technology, an in [[genetics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  

Baith his mither an sister war baith profoondly deif, an male members o his faimily war warkin on [[Speak|speech]] an elocution. This micht hae influencit Bell's ain research,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bruce|first=Robert V.|title=Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the conquest of solitude|url=https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1|date=1990|publisher=Cornell Univ. Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2|edition=[Nachdr. der Ausg.] Boston, Little, Brown, 1973|location=Ithaca|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1/page/419 419], 37, 491, 388}}&lt;/ref&gt; that led tae him gettin the first U.S. patent, oan 5 March 1876, fur the telephone,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Alexander Graham Bell: an inventive life|date=1999|publisher=Kids Can Press|isbn=978-1-55074-456-9|editor-last=MacLeod|editor-first=Elizabeth|location=Toronto|pages=19, 12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho he widna thole haein a telephone in his ain study fur it wad interupt his ither research wark.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

He wis forby interestit in [[heredity]] an his wark on this wis cawed &quot;the soondest, an maist uissfae study o human heredity proponed in nineteenth-century America... Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

He becam the second preses (1898 -1903) o the [[National Geographic Society]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-02|title=NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day {{!}} National Geographic (blogs)|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202163557/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life an faimily ==
Born Alexander Bell  in [[Edinburgh]] on 3 Mairch 1847, his faither wis Alexander Melville Bell, a phoneticist wha developit sign leid, an his mither wis Eliza Grace Bell (''née'' Symonds);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1905-08-08|title=ALEXANDER M. BELL DEAD.; Father of Prof. A.G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/08/08/archives/alexander-m-bell-dead-father-of-prof-ag-bell-developed-sign.html|access-date=2024-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; the faimily bided in Charlotte Street.  He hid askit his faither tae gie him a middle name like his twa brithers, an sae wis named aifter a ludger, wha his faither wis treatin, Alexander Graham, sae frae the age o elelven, he wis kent as Alexander Graham Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-02-24|title=Alexander Graham Bell: Call Me Alexander Graham Bell|url=http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224032704/http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

His twa brithers Melville James Bell (1845–1870) an Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), baith dee'd o tuberculosis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/alexander-graham-bell-papers/about-this-collection/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mither (frae Bell wis anely twelve) an sister war baith deif, an he becam interessit in hou tae communicate wi thaim, an in acoustics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=James|title=Sounds out of silence: a life of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack|date=1997|publisher=Mainstream Publ|isbn=978-1-85158-833-6|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack/page/25 25]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell wis musical an inventive as a bairn, an his parents hertent him in that. His faither taucht him Visible Speech method, an Bell could expoond mony leids, wi'oot kennin hoo they wis pronooncit,  sik as [[Laitin]], [[Scots Gaelic]] an [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Petrie|first=A. Roy|title=Alexander Graham Bell|date=1983|publisher=Fitzhenry &amp; Whiteside|isbn=978-0-88902-209-6|series=The Canadians|location=Don Mills, Ont|pages=7-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

He then bided wi his granfaither in Lunnon fir ae year afore he gaed tae be a pupil-teacher o elocution an music awtho he hissel studied Laitin an Greek at Weston House Academy, [[Elgin, Moray]]. 

Aifter went tae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]], an forby wis back at Elgin, an aifter tocht in Bath, [[Somerset]]. Whiles he wis ill hissel, but his younger brither Edward never rekivert an dee'd o tuberculosis (1867). Syne his elder brither, Melville de'ed anaa in 1870. His faither, mony years afore, hid convalesced in [[Newfoundland an Labrador|Newfoondland]] an acause Bell wis ill anaa (forby he wis due tae stert tae study at the [[Varsity o Lunnon|Varsity o Lunnin)]], an haed whiles tocht deif bairns in Lunnon wi his faither, the hale faimily gaed awa tae bide in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A decade efter, aince he hid foondit the Bell Telephone Company, he merrit Mabel Hubbard on 11 July 1877. They hid fower bairns, twa wha dee'd as littlins, an twa dochters Elsie Mabel Bell an Marion Hubbard Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|url=http://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00gros|title=Alexander Graham Bell : the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=New York : Harry Abrams|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|pages=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Research an teachin ==
Bell's faither hertent him, an his brither Melville wha workit wi him, ti dae aa kind o experiments on soond an acoustics. He wis makin a model o the [[thrapple]] (larynx) an skult, an usin bellows tae mak it spikk,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; anither project wis da'en wi a dug, a [[Skye Tarrie]], ''Trouve,'' makin it mak 'human' soounds by pressin oan its thrapple an movin its lips wi his haunds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Groundwater|first=Jennifer|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the spirit of invention; biography|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou|date=2005|publisher=Altitude Pub. Canada|isbn=978-1-55439-006-9|series=Amazing stories|location=Canmore, Alta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou/page/30 30], 39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baith in Canadae, an then in [[Boston]], Bell workit wi the deif wi his faither, as a dominie in his ain shuil.  Ane o Bell's private schull bairns wis [[Helen Keller]], baith blin an deif an nae able tae spikk. She wis tocht by Bell uising his faither's method. Mony years aifter, she wis askit tae cut the sod fur the foondin o Bell's own institute, Volta Bureau, fur &quot;the increase an diffusion o knawledge relatin tae the deif&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Alexander Graham Bell {{!}} Biography, Education, Telephone, Inventions, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1872, Bell becam professor o Vocal Physiology an Elocution at the Boston Varsity Schull o Oratory. He tocht private pupils an continuit tae experiment wi soond an muisic transmission. But he becam unweel forby.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== The telephone ==
Bell experimentit wi soond transmission in varlous weys, includin a phonoautograph, an forby uisin electric currents tae trasmit the soonds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Always inventing: a photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alwaysinventingp0000matt|date=1999|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-0-7922-7391-2|editor-last=Matthews|editor-first=Tom L.|location=Washington, DC|pages=19-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In the 1870s, the telegraph wis growin across Americae an Canadae. Bell told twa walthie investors aboot his invention tae send multiple tones on a telegraph. This startit the investment ahint his invention, the telephone, in 1875 (an the necessary prertection by patent).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Evenson|first=A. Edward|title=The telephone patent conspiracy of 1876: the Elisha Gray-Alexander Bell controversy and its many players|date=2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0883-2|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Another model by Elisha Gray wis bein pruived, an he wis forby applying fur a patent, at almaist the same time, an sae Gray brocht a challenge agin Bell's application.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

But the telephone patent no.174,465, wis issuit to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office.  

This pertection wis fur &quot;the method o, an apparatus fur, transmittin vocal or other soonds telegraphically ... bi causin electrical undulations, seemilar  tae the vibrations o the air  that gaes wi the said vocal o ither soond.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Three days efter, 10 March 1876, Bell transmittit soond by varying electrical currents. But he developit a better model wi [[Electromagnetic radiation|electomagnetic]] methods. He continuit to impruive his approach an in August 1876, Bell sent a soond transmission (ae wey) fower miles frae his haim, an then eight miles tae Paris, Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone|url=https://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.telecommunications.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next step wis twa-wey conversation an this cam aboot oan 9 October 1876, frae [[Cambridge, Maryland|Cambridge]], Maryland tae Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Phone Call|url=https://historycambridge.org/innovation/First%20Phone%20Call.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=historycambridge.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The followin year, the Bell Telephone Company wis creatit an with an decade aboot 150,000 fowk in the Unitit States awnt a telephone. Within twa mair years, Bell's demonstration o the telephone becam kintra wide then international efter a call wi [[Queen Victoria]], oan the [[Isle o Wight]] tae Soothhampton an Lunnon an Bell offerit a set o telephones fir hir uise, alane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Stewart|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross|date=2001|publisher=Raintree Steck-Vaughn|isbn=978-0-7398-4415-1|series=Scientists who made history|location=Austin, TX|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross/page/21 21]-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ither projects ==

=== Photophone ===
Bell an his assistant, Charles Sumner Tainter, developit a photophone that transmittit soond an human vyce o'er a beam o licht.  Whan it wis testit ower a distance o 700feet on 21 June 1880, it wis aboot 19 year afore the first vyce radio transmission.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-02-19|title=First Radio Built by San Diego Resident|url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|access-date=2024-06-25|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2002-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219111153/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell hissel thocht this wis his greatest invention.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-graham-bell|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metal detector ===
Bell developit a kind o metal detector tae assist tae speir oot the murther o Preses [[James A. Garfield]] (1881) tae airt oot whaur the bullet whit kilt him haed gane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|editor-last=AvRutick|editor-first=Sharon|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros/page/106 107]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell scrievit an airticle publishit bi the American Association fur the Advancement o Science aboot his invention an the speirin o the murther.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bell|first=Alexander Graham|date=1883-01-01|title=Upon the electrical experiments to determine the location of the bullet in the body of the late President Garfield; and upon a successful form of induction balance for the painless detection of metallic masses in the human body|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/64003|journal=American Journal of Science|language=en|volume=s3-25|issue=145|pages=22–61|doi=10.2475/ajs.s3-25.145.22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hydrofoil an aeronautics ===
Aifter ha'en seen an ridden in the Forlanini hydrofoil on Lake Maggiore, Italy in 1910-11, Bell an Frederick W. Baldwin impruived the design an then warkit wi boat-bigger, Walter Pinaud (afore an efter World War I), wi engines frae the U.S. Navy, an creatit a hydrofoil that set the warld record fur marine speed o 70.86 miles per oor (114.04 kilometres per oor) on 19 September 1919, an they held it fir ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boileau|first=John|title=Fastest in the world: the saga of Canada's revolutionary hydrofoils|date=2005|publisher=Formac Publ|isbn=978-0-88780-621-6|location=Halifax, NS|pages=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bell wis ahint the Aerial Experiment Association, that wis pruivin an fleein 'heavier than air' machines, wi an investment frae his wife Mabel. This includit pruivin brent-new ideas sic an enclosit cockpit an a form o aerelon, fir steerin the machine.  Oan  23 February 1909, he wis thare whaun the AEA's ''Sliver Dart'' makkit ithe first flicht in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=Alan|title=Into the 20th century: 1900/1910|url=https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse|date=1977|publisher=Natural Science of Canada Ltd|isbn=978-0-919644-22-9|series=Canada's illustrated heritage|location=Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse/page/95 95] -97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Heredity an genetics ===
Frae thair interest in deif fowk, an in genetics ower mony years, Bell an his wife Mabel experimentit wi breeding sheep, fur tae develop anes that haed mair teats fur feeding their lamms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Greenwald|first=Brian H.|date=2009|title=The Real “Toll” of A. G. Bell: Lessons about Eugenics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26190555|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=9|issue=3|pages=258–265|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae thare an fur his ither studies in eugenics, in 1921 Bell becam the honorary preses o the Second International Congress o Eugenics in New York  whaur he wis ca'ad 'a pioneeering investigator in the field o human genetics'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allen|first=Garland E.|date=January 1986|title=The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay in Institutional History|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368657|journal=Osiris|language=en|volume=2|pages=225–264|doi=10.1086/368657|issn=0369-7827}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Death ==
Bell dea'd o complications frae diabetes oan 2 August 1922.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm62118266|title=Reluctant genius: Alexander Graham Bell and the passion for invention|date=2006|publisher=Arcade Pub. : Distributed by Hachette Book Group USA|isbn=978-1-55970-809-8|edition=1st U.S. ed|location=New York|pages=419|oclc=ocm62118266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;


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{{Infobox bodie
| name = Alexander Graham Bell
| image = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg
| caption = Portrait photae takken atween 1914 an 1919
| birth_date = Mairch 3, 1847
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae
| death_cause = Complications frae [[diabetes]]{{thinsp}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell |url={{google books|ujlCgf1uSJIC|plainurl=yes|page=151}} |year=2006 |publisher=Arcade |location=New York |p=419 |isbn=1-55970-809-3 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation = {{hlist |Inventor |Scientist}} {{hlist |Ingineer |Professor{{thinsp}}{{sup|a}}}} {{nowrap|Teacher o the deaf{{thinsp}}}}
| residence = {{ublist|class=nowrap &lt;!--(chronological:)--&gt;|Unitit Kinrick |Canadae |Unitit States}}
| citizenship =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| {{smaller|birth–1882}}{{nbsp|3}} [[Breetish ceetizen|Breetish]]{{refn|Bell an his parents immigratit tae Canadae in 1870, but [[Canadian naitionality law#History o Breetish subject intae Canadian ceetizenship|Canadian ceetizenship]] didnae exist formally till 1910; aw immigrants frae the UK remeened &quot;[[Breetish subject]]s&quot;. Canadae wis Bell's domicile frae 1870 til 1871 an, awtho sent bi his faither fur tae teach in Boston, Massachusetts, an mibbes ayont. He becam a U.S. ceetizen in 1882. |group=&quot;N&quot;}}
| {{smaller|1882–death}}&amp;nbsp; [[Ceetizenship in the Unitit States|American]]
}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Varsity o Edinburgh]] |[[University College London]]}}
| known_for = {{nowrap|&lt;!---The follaein is based on siveral reliable soorces. Afore chyngin, please discuss on the talk page:---&gt;[[Invention o the telephone]]{{thinsp}}}}
| awards = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{smaller|1902}}&amp;nbsp; [[Albert Medal (Ryal Society o Airts)|Albert Medal]] |{{smaller|1907}}&amp;nbsp; [[John Fritz Medal]] |{{smaller|1912}}&amp;nbsp; [[Elliott Cresson Medal]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mabel Hubbard]]|()=smaller|1877|1922}}
| parents = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Alexander Melville Bell]] |Eliza Grace Symonds Bell}}
| signature = Alexander Graham Bell (signature).svg
| children = fower{{thinsp}}{{sup|b}}
| relatives =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard|Gardiner G. Hubbard]]  {{small|(father-in-law)}}
| [[David Charles Bell (academic)|David C. Bell]]  {{small|(uncle)}}
| [[Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor|Gilbert H. Grosvenor]] {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| [[David Fairchild]]                              {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| Melville Bell Grosvenor                     {{small|(grandson)}}
| Mabel Grosvenor  {{small|(granddaughter)}}
| A. Graham Bell Fairchild   {{small|(grandson)}}
| Gilbert Grosvenor {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Edwin Grosvenor         {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Chichester Bell             {{small|(cousin)}}
}}
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Alexander Graham Bell's Voice.ogg |title={{big|Bell's vyce}}{{thinsp}}&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-had-no-idea-what-alexander-graham-bell-sounded-like-until-now-37585123/?c=y&amp;page=1 |title=We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. Until Now |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |accessdate=February 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; |type=speech |description=[[Volta Laboratory and Bureau#Bell's voice|Re-identified in 2013]], Bell made this [[Phonograph cylinder#Early development|wax-disc]] recording of his voice in 1885.}}
| footnotes = {{ublist |{{sup|a}} [[Boston Varsity]] |{{sup|b}} Twa dee'd soon efter birth.}}
}}
'''Alexander Graham Bell''' ([[3 Mairch]], [[1847]] – [[2 August]], [[1922]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-07|title=Bell Homestead|url=https://www.brantford.ca/en/things-to-do/bell-homestead.aspx|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.brantford.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[Scots fowk|Scots-born]] [[scientist]], [[inventor]],  wha bade in [[Canadae]], an efter in the [[Unitit States]], wis foonder o the [[Bell Canada]], an the American Telephone an Telegraph Company ([[AT&amp;T]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Transistorized: AT&amp;T {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/att.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.pbs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an wis kent as the 'faither o the [[telephone]]'.&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |title = Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-24 |archive-date = 2015-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003124/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; As weel as his wark in [[telecommunications]] technology, he wis responsible for sindry important advances in [[aviation]] an [[hydrofoil]] technology, an in [[genetics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  

Baith his mither an sister war baith profoondly deif, an male members o his faimily war warkin on [[Speak|speech]] an elocution. This micht hae influencit Bell's ain research,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bruce|first=Robert V.|title=Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the conquest of solitude|url=https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1|date=1990|publisher=Cornell Univ. Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2|edition=[Nachdr. der Ausg.] Boston, Little, Brown, 1973|location=Ithaca|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1/page/419 419], 37, 491, 388}}&lt;/ref&gt; that led tae him gettin the first U.S. patent, oan 5 March 1876, fur the telephone,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Alexander Graham Bell: an inventive life|date=1999|publisher=Kids Can Press|isbn=978-1-55074-456-9|editor-last=MacLeod|editor-first=Elizabeth|location=Toronto|pages=19, 12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho he widna thole haein a telephone in his ain study fur it wad interupt his ither research wark.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

He wis forby interestit in [[heredity]] an his wark on this wis cawed &quot;the soondest, an maist uissfae study o human heredity proponed in nineteenth-century America... Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

He becam the second preses (1898 -1903) o the [[National Geographic Society]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-02|title=NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day {{!}} National Geographic (blogs)|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202163557/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life an faimily ==
Born Alexander Bell  in [[Edinburgh]] on 3 Mairch 1847, his faither wis Alexander Melville Bell, a phoneticist wha developit sign leid, an his mither wis Eliza Grace Bell (''née'' Symonds);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1905-08-08|title=ALEXANDER M. BELL DEAD.; Father of Prof. A.G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/08/08/archives/alexander-m-bell-dead-father-of-prof-ag-bell-developed-sign.html|access-date=2024-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; the faimily bided in Charlotte Street.  He hid askit his faither tae gie him a middle name like his twa brithers, an sae wis named aifter a ludger, wha his faither wis treatin, Alexander Graham, sae frae the age o elelven, he wis kent as Alexander Graham Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-02-24|title=Alexander Graham Bell: Call Me Alexander Graham Bell|url=http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224032704/http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

His twa brithers Melville James Bell (1845–1870) an Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), baith dee'd o tuberculosis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/alexander-graham-bell-papers/about-this-collection/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mither (frae Bell wis anely twelve) an sister war baith deif, an he becam interessit in hou tae communicate wi thaim, an in acoustics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=James|title=Sounds out of silence: a life of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack|date=1997|publisher=Mainstream Publ|isbn=978-1-85158-833-6|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack/page/25 25]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell wis musical an inventive as a bairn, an his parents hertent him in that. His faither taucht him Visible Speech method, an Bell could expoond mony leids, wi'oot kennin hoo they wis pronooncit,  sik as [[Laitin]], [[Scots Gaelic]] an [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Petrie|first=A. Roy|title=Alexander Graham Bell|date=1983|publisher=Fitzhenry &amp; Whiteside|isbn=978-0-88902-209-6|series=The Canadians|location=Don Mills, Ont|pages=7-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

He then bided wi his granfaither in Lunnon fir ae year afore he gaed tae be a pupil-teacher o elocution an music awtho he hissel studied Laitin an Greek at Weston House Academy, [[Elgin, Moray]]. 

Aifter went tae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]], an forby wis back at Elgin, an aifter tocht in Bath, [[Somerset]]. Whiles he wis ill hissel, but his younger brither Edward never rekivert an dee'd o tuberculosis (1867). Syne his elder brither, Melville de'ed anaa in 1870. His faither, mony years afore, hid convalesced in [[Newfoundland an Labrador|Newfoondland]] an acause Bell wis ill anaa (forby he wis due tae stert tae study at the [[Varsity o Lunnon|Varsity o Lunnin)]], an haed whiles tocht deif bairns in Lunnon wi his faither, the hale faimily gaed awa tae bide in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A decade efter, aince he hid foondit the Bell Telephone Company, he merrit Mabel Hubbard on 11 July 1877. They hid fower bairns, twa wha dee'd as littlins, an twa dochters Elsie Mabel Bell an Marion Hubbard Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|url=http://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00gros|title=Alexander Graham Bell : the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=New York : Harry Abrams|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|pages=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Research an teachin ==
Bell's faither hertent him, an his brither Melville wha workit wi him, ti dae aa kind o experiments on soond an acoustics. He wis makin a model o the [[thrapple]] (larynx) an skult, an usin bellows tae mak it spikk,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; anither project wis da'en wi a dug, a [[Skye Tarrie]], ''Trouve,'' makin it mak 'human' soounds by pressin oan its thrapple an movin its lips wi his haunds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Groundwater|first=Jennifer|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the spirit of invention; biography|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou|date=2005|publisher=Altitude Pub. Canada|isbn=978-1-55439-006-9|series=Amazing stories|location=Canmore, Alta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou/page/30 30], 39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baith in Canadae, an then in [[Boston]], Bell workit wi the deif wi his faither, as a dominie in his ain shuil.  Ane o Bell's private schull bairns wis [[Helen Keller]], baith blin an deif an nae able tae spikk. She wis tocht by Bell uising his faither's method. Mony years aifter, she wis askit tae cut the sod fur the foondin o Bell's own institute, Volta Bureau, fur &quot;the increase an diffusion o knawledge relatin tae the deif&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Alexander Graham Bell {{!}} Biography, Education, Telephone, Inventions, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1872, Bell becam professor o Vocal Physiology an Elocution at the Boston Varsity Schull o Oratory. He tocht private pupils an continuit tae experiment wi soond an muisic transmission. But he becam unweel forby.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== The telephone ==
Bell experimentit wi soond transmission in varlous weys, includin a phonoautograph, an forby uisin electric currents tae trasmit the soonds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Always inventing: a photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alwaysinventingp0000matt|date=1999|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-0-7922-7391-2|editor-last=Matthews|editor-first=Tom L.|location=Washington, DC|pages=19-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In the 1870s, the telegraph wis growin across Americae an Canadae. Bell told twa walthie investors aboot his invention tae send multiple tones on a telegraph. This startit the investment ahint his invention, the telephone, in 1875 (an the necessary prertection by patent).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Evenson|first=A. Edward|title=The telephone patent conspiracy of 1876: the Elisha Gray-Alexander Bell controversy and its many players|date=2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0883-2|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Another model by Elisha Gray wis bein pruived, an he wis forby applying fur a patent, at almaist the same time, an sae Gray brocht a challenge agin Bell's application.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

But the telephone patent no.174,465, wis issuit to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office.  

This pertection wis fur &quot;the method o, an apparatus fur, transmittin vocal or other soonds telegraphically ... bi causin electrical undulations, seemilar  tae the vibrations o the air  that gaes wi the said vocal o ither soond.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Three days efter, 10 March 1876, Bell transmittit soond by varying electrical currents. But he developit a better model wi [[Electromagnetic radiation|electomagnetic]] methods. He continuit to impruive his approach an in August 1876, Bell sent a soond transmission (ae wey) fower miles frae his haim, an then eight miles tae Paris, Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone|url=https://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.telecommunications.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next step wis twa-wey conversation an this cam aboot oan 9 October 1876, frae [[Cambridge, Maryland|Cambridge]], Maryland tae Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Phone Call|url=https://historycambridge.org/innovation/First%20Phone%20Call.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=historycambridge.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The followin year, the Bell Telephone Company wis creatit an with an decade aboot 150,000 fowk in the Unitit States awnt a telephone. Within twa mair years, Bell's demonstration o the telephone becam kintra wide then international efter a call wi [[Queen Victoria]], oan the [[Isle o Wight]] tae Soothhampton an Lunnon an Bell offerit a set o telephones fir hir uise, alane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Stewart|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross|date=2001|publisher=Raintree Steck-Vaughn|isbn=978-0-7398-4415-1|series=Scientists who made history|location=Austin, TX|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross/page/21 21]-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ither projects ==

=== Photophone ===
Bell an his assistant, Charles Sumner Tainter, developit a photophone that transmittit soond an human vyce o'er a beam o licht.  Whan it wis testit ower a distance o 700feet on 21 June 1880, it wis aboot 19 year afore the first vyce radio transmission.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-02-19|title=First Radio Built by San Diego Resident|url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|access-date=2024-06-25|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2002-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219111153/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell hissel thocht this wis his greatest invention.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-graham-bell|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metal detector ===
Bell developit a kind o metal detector tae assist tae speir oot the murther o Preses [[James A. Garfield]] (1881) tae airt oot whaur the bullet whit kilt him haed gane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|editor-last=AvRutick|editor-first=Sharon|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros/page/106 107]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell scrievit an airticle publishit bi the American Association fur the Advancement o Science aboot his invention an the speirin o the murther.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bell|first=Alexander Graham|date=1883-01-01|title=Upon the electrical experiments to determine the location of the bullet in the body of the late President Garfield; and upon a successful form of induction balance for the painless detection of metallic masses in the human body|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/64003|journal=American Journal of Science|language=en|volume=s3-25|issue=145|pages=22–61|doi=10.2475/ajs.s3-25.145.22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hydrofoil an aeronautics ===
Aifter ha'en seen an ridden in the Forlanini hydrofoil on Lake Maggiore, Italy in 1910-11, Bell an Frederick W. Baldwin impruived the design an then warkit wi boat-bigger, Walter Pinaud (afore an efter World War I), wi engines frae the U.S. Navy, an creatit a hydrofoil that set the warld record fur marine speed o 70.86 miles per oor (114.04 kilometres per oor) on 19 September 1919, an they held it fir ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boileau|first=John|title=Fastest in the world: the saga of Canada's revolutionary hydrofoils|date=2005|publisher=Formac Publ|isbn=978-0-88780-621-6|location=Halifax, NS|pages=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bell wis ahint the Aerial Experiment Association, that wis pruivin an fleein 'heavier than air' machines, wi an investment frae his wife Mabel. This includit pruivin brent-new ideas sic an enclosit cockpit an a form o aerelon, fir steerin the machine.  Oan  23 February 1909, he wis thare whaun the AEA's ''Sliver Dart'' makkit ithe first flicht in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=Alan|title=Into the 20th century: 1900/1910|url=https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse|date=1977|publisher=Natural Science of Canada Ltd|isbn=978-0-919644-22-9|series=Canada's illustrated heritage|location=Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse/page/95 95] -97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Heredity an genetics ===
Frae thair interest in deif fowk, an in genetics ower mony years, Bell an his wife Mabel experimentit wi breeding sheep, fur tae develop anes that haed mair teats fur feeding their lamms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Greenwald|first=Brian H.|date=2009|title=The Real “Toll” of A. G. Bell: Lessons about Eugenics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26190555|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=9|issue=3|pages=258–265|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae thare an fur his ither studies in eugenics, in 1921 Bell becam the honorary preses o the Second International Congress o Eugenics in New York  whaur he wis ca'ad 'a pioneeering investigator in the field o human genetics'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allen|first=Garland E.|date=January 1986|title=The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay in Institutional History|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368657|journal=Osiris|language=en|volume=2|pages=225–264|doi=10.1086/368657|issn=0369-7827}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Death ==
Bell dea'd o complications frae diabetes oan 2 August 1922.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm62118266|title=Reluctant genius: Alexander Graham Bell and the passion for invention|date=2006|publisher=Arcade Pub. : Distributed by Hachette Book Group USA|isbn=978-1-55970-809-8|edition=1st U.S. ed|location=New York|pages=419|oclc=ocm62118266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;


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{{Infobox bodie
| name = Alexander Graham Bell
| image = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg
| caption = Portrait photae takken atween 1914 an 1919
| birth_date = Mairch 3, 1847
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae
| death_cause = Complications frae [[diabetes]]{{thinsp}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell |url={{google books|ujlCgf1uSJIC|plainurl=yes|page=151}} |year=2006 |publisher=Arcade |location=New York |p=419 |isbn=1-55970-809-3 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation = {{hlist |Inventor |Scientist}} {{hlist |Ingineer |Professor{{thinsp}}{{sup|a}}}} {{nowrap|Teacher o the deaf{{thinsp}}}}
| residence = {{ublist|class=nowrap &lt;!--(chronological:)--&gt;|Unitit Kinrick |Canadae |Unitit States}}
| citizenship =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| {{smaller|birth–1882}}{{nbsp|3}} [[Breetish ceetizen|Breetish]]{{refn|Bell an his parents immigratit tae Canadae in 1870, but [[Canadian naitionality law#History o Breetish subject intae Canadian ceetizenship|Canadian ceetizenship]] didnae exist formally till 1910; aw immigrants frae the UK remeened &quot;[[Breetish subject]]s&quot;. Canadae wis Bell's domicile frae 1870 til 1871 an, awtho sent bi his faither fur tae teach in Boston, Massachusetts, an mibbes ayont. He becam a U.S. ceetizen in 1882. |group=&quot;N&quot;}}
| {{smaller|1882–death}}&amp;nbsp; [[Ceetizenship in the Unitit States|American]]
}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Varsity o Edinburgh]] |[[University College London]]}}
| known_for = {{nowrap|&lt;!---The follaein is based on siveral reliable soorces. Afore chyngin, please discuss on the talk page:---&gt;[[Invention o the telephone]]{{thinsp}}}}
| awards = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{smaller|1902}}&amp;nbsp; [[Albert Medal (Ryal Society o Airts)|Albert Medal]] |{{smaller|1907}}&amp;nbsp; [[John Fritz Medal]] |{{smaller|1912}}&amp;nbsp; [[Elliott Cresson Medal]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mabel Hubbard]]|()=smaller|1877|1922}}
| parents = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Alexander Melville Bell]] |Eliza Grace Symonds Bell}}
| signature = Alexander Graham Bell (signature).svg
| children = fower{{thinsp}}{{sup|b}}
| relatives =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard|Gardiner G. Hubbard]]  {{small|(father-in-law)}}
| [[David Charles Bell (academic)|David C. Bell]]  {{small|(uncle)}}
| [[Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor|Gilbert H. Grosvenor]] {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| [[David Fairchild]]                              {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| Melville Bell Grosvenor                     {{small|(grandson)}}
| Mabel Grosvenor  {{small|(granddaughter)}}
| A. Graham Bell Fairchild   {{small|(grandson)}}
| Gilbert Grosvenor {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Edwin Grosvenor         {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Chichester Bell             {{small|(cousin)}}
}}
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Alexander Graham Bell's Voice.ogg |title={{big|Bell's vyce}}{{thinsp}}&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-had-no-idea-what-alexander-graham-bell-sounded-like-until-now-37585123/?c=y&amp;page=1 |title=We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. Until Now |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |accessdate=February 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; |type=speech |description=[[Volta Laboratory and Bureau#Bell's voice|Re-identified in 2013]], Bell made this [[Phonograph cylinder#Early development|wax-disc]] recording of his voice in 1885.}}
| footnotes = {{ublist |{{sup|a}} [[Boston Varsity]] |{{sup|b}} Twa dee'd soon efter birth.}}
}}
'''Alexander Graham Bell''' (3 Mairch 1847 – 2 August 1922)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-07|title=Bell Homestead|url=https://www.brantford.ca/en/things-to-do/bell-homestead.aspx|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.brantford.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a Scots-born scientist, inventor,  wha bade in [[Canadae]], an efter in the [[Unitit States]], wis foonder o the [[Bell Canada]], an the American Telephone an Telegraph Company ([[AT&amp;T]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Transistorized: AT&amp;T {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/att.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.pbs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an wis kent as the 'faither o the [[telephone]]'.&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |title = Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-24 |archive-date = 2015-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003124/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; As weel as his wark in [[telecommunications]] technology, he wis responsible for sindry important advances in [[aviation]] an [[hydrofoil]] technology, an in [[genetics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  

Baith his mither an sister war baith profoondly deif, an male members o his faimily war warkin on [[Speak|speech]] an elocution. This micht hae influencit Bell's ain research,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bruce|first=Robert V.|title=Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the conquest of solitude|url=https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1|date=1990|publisher=Cornell Univ. Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2|edition=[Nachdr. der Ausg.] Boston, Little, Brown, 1973|location=Ithaca|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1/page/419 419], 37, 491, 388}}&lt;/ref&gt; that led tae him gettin the first U.S. patent, oan 5 March 1876, fur the telephone,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Alexander Graham Bell: an inventive life|date=1999|publisher=Kids Can Press|isbn=978-1-55074-456-9|editor-last=MacLeod|editor-first=Elizabeth|location=Toronto|pages=19, 12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho he widna thole haein a telephone in his ain study fur it wad interupt his ither research wark.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

He wis forby interestit in [[heredity]] an his wark on this wis cawed &quot;the soondest, an maist uissfae study o human heredity proponed in nineteenth-century America... Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

He becam the second preses (1898 -1903) o the [[National Geographic Society]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-02|title=NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day {{!}} National Geographic (blogs)|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202163557/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life an faimily ==
Born Alexander Bell  in [[Edinburgh]] on 3 Mairch 1847, his faither wis Alexander Melville Bell, a phoneticist wha developit sign leid, an his mither wis Eliza Grace Bell (''née'' Symonds);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1905-08-08|title=ALEXANDER M. BELL DEAD.; Father of Prof. A.G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/08/08/archives/alexander-m-bell-dead-father-of-prof-ag-bell-developed-sign.html|access-date=2024-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; the faimily bided in Charlotte Street.  He hid askit his faither tae gie him a middle name like his twa brithers, an sae wis named aifter a ludger, wha his faither wis treatin, Alexander Graham, sae frae the age o elelven, he wis kent as Alexander Graham Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-02-24|title=Alexander Graham Bell: Call Me Alexander Graham Bell|url=http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224032704/http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

His twa brithers Melville James Bell (1845–1870) an Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), baith dee'd o tuberculosis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/alexander-graham-bell-papers/about-this-collection/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mither (frae Bell wis anely twelve) an sister war baith deif, an he becam interessit in hou tae communicate wi thaim, an in acoustics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=James|title=Sounds out of silence: a life of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack|date=1997|publisher=Mainstream Publ|isbn=978-1-85158-833-6|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack/page/25 25]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell wis musical an inventive as a bairn, an his parents hertent him in that. His faither taucht him Visible Speech method, an Bell could expoond mony leids, wi'oot kennin hoo they wis pronooncit,  sik as [[Laitin]], [[Scots Gaelic]] an [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Petrie|first=A. Roy|title=Alexander Graham Bell|date=1983|publisher=Fitzhenry &amp; Whiteside|isbn=978-0-88902-209-6|series=The Canadians|location=Don Mills, Ont|pages=7-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

He then bided wi his granfaither in Lunnon fir ae year afore he gaed tae be a pupil-teacher o elocution an music awtho he hissel studied Laitin an Greek at Weston House Academy, [[Elgin, Moray]]. 

Aifter went tae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]], an forby wis back at Elgin, an aifter tocht in Bath, [[Somerset]]. Whiles he wis ill hissel, but his younger brither Edward never rekivert an dee'd o tuberculosis (1867). Syne his elder brither, Melville de'ed anaa in 1870. His faither, mony years afore, hid convalesced in [[Newfoundland an Labrador|Newfoondland]] an acause Bell wis ill anaa (forby he wis due tae stert tae study at the [[Varsity o Lunnon|Varsity o Lunnin)]], an haed whiles tocht deif bairns in Lunnon wi his faither, the hale faimily gaed awa tae bide in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A decade efter, aince he hid foondit the Bell Telephone Company, he merrit Mabel Hubbard on 11 July 1877. They hid fower bairns, twa wha dee'd as littlins, an twa dochters Elsie Mabel Bell an Marion Hubbard Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|url=http://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00gros|title=Alexander Graham Bell : the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=New York : Harry Abrams|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|pages=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Research an teachin ==
Bell's faither hertent him, an his brither Melville wha workit wi him, ti dae aa kind o experiments on soond an acoustics. He wis makin a model o the [[thrapple]] (larynx) an skult, an usin bellows tae mak it spikk,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; anither project wis da'en wi a dug, a [[Skye Tarrie]], ''Trouve,'' makin it mak 'human' soounds by pressin oan its thrapple an movin its lips wi his haunds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Groundwater|first=Jennifer|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the spirit of invention; biography|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou|date=2005|publisher=Altitude Pub. Canada|isbn=978-1-55439-006-9|series=Amazing stories|location=Canmore, Alta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou/page/30 30], 39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baith in Canadae, an then in [[Boston]], Bell workit wi the deif wi his faither, as a dominie in his ain shuil.  Ane o Bell's private schull bairns wis [[Helen Keller]], baith blin an deif an nae able tae spikk. She wis tocht by Bell uising his faither's method. Mony years aifter, she wis askit tae cut the sod fur the foondin o Bell's own institute, Volta Bureau, fur &quot;the increase an diffusion o knawledge relatin tae the deif&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Alexander Graham Bell {{!}} Biography, Education, Telephone, Inventions, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1872, Bell becam professor o Vocal Physiology an Elocution at the Boston Varsity Schull o Oratory. He tocht private pupils an continuit tae experiment wi soond an muisic transmission. But he becam unweel forby.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== The telephone ==
Bell experimentit wi soond transmission in varlous weys, includin a phonoautograph, an forby uisin electric currents tae trasmit the soonds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Always inventing: a photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alwaysinventingp0000matt|date=1999|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-0-7922-7391-2|editor-last=Matthews|editor-first=Tom L.|location=Washington, DC|pages=19-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In the 1870s, the telegraph wis growin across Americae an Canadae. Bell told twa walthie investors aboot his invention tae send multiple tones on a telegraph. This startit the investment ahint his invention, the telephone, in 1875 (an the necessary prertection by patent).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Evenson|first=A. Edward|title=The telephone patent conspiracy of 1876: the Elisha Gray-Alexander Bell controversy and its many players|date=2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0883-2|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Another model by Elisha Gray wis bein pruived, an he wis forby applying fur a patent, at almaist the same time, an sae Gray brocht a challenge agin Bell's application.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

But the telephone patent no.174,465, wis issuit to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office.  

This pertection wis fur &quot;the method o, an apparatus fur, transmittin vocal or other soonds telegraphically ... bi causin electrical undulations, seemilar  tae the vibrations o the air  that gaes wi the said vocal o ither soond.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Three days efter, 10 March 1876, Bell transmittit soond by varying electrical currents. But he developit a better model wi [[Electromagnetic radiation|electomagnetic]] methods. He continuit to impruive his approach an in August 1876, Bell sent a soond transmission (ae wey) fower miles frae his haim, an then eight miles tae Paris, Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone|url=https://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.telecommunications.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next step wis twa-wey conversation an this cam aboot oan 9 October 1876, frae [[Cambridge, Maryland|Cambridge]], Maryland tae Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Phone Call|url=https://historycambridge.org/innovation/First%20Phone%20Call.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=historycambridge.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The followin year, the Bell Telephone Company wis creatit an with an decade aboot 150,000 fowk in the Unitit States awnt a telephone. Within twa mair years, Bell's demonstration o the telephone becam kintra wide then international efter a call wi [[Queen Victoria]], oan the [[Isle o Wight]] tae Soothhampton an Lunnon an Bell offerit a set o telephones fir hir uise, alane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Stewart|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross|date=2001|publisher=Raintree Steck-Vaughn|isbn=978-0-7398-4415-1|series=Scientists who made history|location=Austin, TX|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross/page/21 21]-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ither projects ==

=== Photophone ===
Bell an his assistant, Charles Sumner Tainter, developit a photophone that transmittit soond an human vyce o'er a beam o licht.  Whan it wis testit ower a distance o 700feet on 21 June 1880, it wis aboot 19 year afore the first vyce radio transmission.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-02-19|title=First Radio Built by San Diego Resident|url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|access-date=2024-06-25|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2002-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219111153/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell hissel thocht this wis his greatest invention.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-graham-bell|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metal detector ===
Bell developit a kind o metal detector tae assist tae speir oot the murther o Preses [[James A. Garfield]] (1881) tae airt oot whaur the bullet whit kilt him haed gane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|editor-last=AvRutick|editor-first=Sharon|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros/page/106 107]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell scrievit an airticle publishit bi the American Association fur the Advancement o Science aboot his invention an the speirin o the murther.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bell|first=Alexander Graham|date=1883-01-01|title=Upon the electrical experiments to determine the location of the bullet in the body of the late President Garfield; and upon a successful form of induction balance for the painless detection of metallic masses in the human body|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/64003|journal=American Journal of Science|language=en|volume=s3-25|issue=145|pages=22–61|doi=10.2475/ajs.s3-25.145.22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hydrofoil an aeronautics ===
Aifter ha'en seen an ridden in the Forlanini hydrofoil on Lake Maggiore, Italy in 1910-11, Bell an Frederick W. Baldwin impruived the design an then warkit wi boat-bigger, Walter Pinaud (afore an efter World War I), wi engines frae the U.S. Navy, an creatit a hydrofoil that set the warld record fur marine speed o 70.86 miles per oor (114.04 kilometres per oor) on 19 September 1919, an they held it fir ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boileau|first=John|title=Fastest in the world: the saga of Canada's revolutionary hydrofoils|date=2005|publisher=Formac Publ|isbn=978-0-88780-621-6|location=Halifax, NS|pages=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bell wis ahint the Aerial Experiment Association, that wis pruivin an fleein 'heavier than air' machines, wi an investment frae his wife Mabel. This includit pruivin brent-new ideas sic an enclosit cockpit an a form o aerelon, fir steerin the machine.  Oan  23 February 1909, he wis thare whaun the AEA's ''Sliver Dart'' makkit ithe first flicht in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=Alan|title=Into the 20th century: 1900/1910|url=https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse|date=1977|publisher=Natural Science of Canada Ltd|isbn=978-0-919644-22-9|series=Canada's illustrated heritage|location=Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse/page/95 95] -97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Heredity an genetics ===
Frae thair interest in deif fowk, an in genetics ower mony years, Bell an his wife Mabel experimentit wi breeding sheep, fur tae develop anes that haed mair teats fur feeding their lamms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Greenwald|first=Brian H.|date=2009|title=The Real “Toll” of A. G. Bell: Lessons about Eugenics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26190555|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=9|issue=3|pages=258–265|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae thare an fur his ither studies in eugenics, in 1921 Bell becam the honorary preses o the Second International Congress o Eugenics in New York  whaur he wis ca'ad 'a pioneeering investigator in the field o human genetics'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allen|first=Garland E.|date=January 1986|title=The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay in Institutional History|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368657|journal=Osiris|language=en|volume=2|pages=225–264|doi=10.1086/368657|issn=0369-7827}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Death ==
Bell dea'd o complications frae diabetes oan 2 August 1922.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm62118266|title=Reluctant genius: Alexander Graham Bell and the passion for invention|date=2006|publisher=Arcade Pub. : Distributed by Hachette Book Group USA|isbn=978-1-55970-809-8|edition=1st U.S. ed|location=New York|pages=419|oclc=ocm62118266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;


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{{Infobox bodie
| name = Alexander Graham Bell
| image = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg
| caption = Portrait photae takken atween 1914 an 1919
| birth_date = 3 Mairch 1847
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae
| death_cause = Complications frae [[diabetes]]{{thinsp}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bell |url={{google books|ujlCgf1uSJIC|plainurl=yes|page=151}} |year=2006 |publisher=Arcade |location=New York |p=419 |isbn=1-55970-809-3 |ref=harv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation = {{hlist |Inventor |Scientist}} {{hlist |Ingineer |Professor{{thinsp}}{{sup|a}}}} {{nowrap|Teacher o the deaf{{thinsp}}}}
| residence = {{ublist|class=nowrap &lt;!--(chronological:)--&gt;|Unitit Kinrick |Canadae |Unitit States}}
| citizenship =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| {{smaller|birth–1882}}{{nbsp|3}} [[Breetish ceetizen|Breetish]]{{refn|Bell an his parents immigratit tae Canadae in 1870, but [[Canadian naitionality law#History o Breetish subject intae Canadian ceetizenship|Canadian ceetizenship]] didnae exist formally till 1910; aw immigrants frae the UK remeened &quot;[[Breetish subject]]s&quot;. Canadae wis Bell's domicile frae 1870 til 1871 an, awtho sent bi his faither fur tae teach in Boston, Massachusetts, an mibbes ayont. He becam a U.S. ceetizen in 1882. |group=&quot;N&quot;}}
| {{smaller|1882–death}}&amp;nbsp; [[Ceetizenship in the Unitit States|American]]
}}
| alma_mater = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Varsity o Edinburgh]] |[[University College London]]}}
| known_for = {{nowrap|&lt;!---The follaein is based on siveral reliable soorces. Afore chyngin, please discuss on the talk page:---&gt;[[Invention o the telephone]]{{thinsp}}}}
| awards = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{smaller|1902}}&amp;nbsp; [[Albert Medal (Ryal Society o Airts)|Albert Medal]] |{{smaller|1907}}&amp;nbsp; [[John Fritz Medal]] |{{smaller|1912}}&amp;nbsp; [[Elliott Cresson Medal]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mabel Hubbard]]|()=smaller|1877|1922}}
| parents = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Alexander Melville Bell]] |Eliza Grace Symonds Bell}}
| signature = Alexander Graham Bell (signature).svg
| children = fower{{thinsp}}{{sup|b}}
| relatives =
{{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard|Gardiner G. Hubbard]]  {{small|(father-in-law)}}
| [[David Charles Bell (academic)|David C. Bell]]  {{small|(uncle)}}
| [[Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor|Gilbert H. Grosvenor]] {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| [[David Fairchild]]                              {{small|(son-in-law)}}
| Melville Bell Grosvenor                     {{small|(grandson)}}
| Mabel Grosvenor  {{small|(granddaughter)}}
| A. Graham Bell Fairchild   {{small|(grandson)}}
| Gilbert Grosvenor {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Edwin Grosvenor         {{small|(great-grandson)}}
| Chichester Bell             {{small|(cousin)}}
}}
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Alexander Graham Bell's Voice.ogg |title={{big|Bell's vyce}}{{thinsp}}&lt;ref name=&quot;voice&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-had-no-idea-what-alexander-graham-bell-sounded-like-until-now-37585123/?c=y&amp;page=1 |title=We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. Until Now |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |accessdate=February 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; |type=speech |description=[[Volta Laboratory and Bureau#Bell's voice|Re-identified in 2013]], Bell made this [[Phonograph cylinder#Early development|wax-disc]] recording of his voice in 1885.}}
| footnotes = {{ublist |{{sup|a}} [[Boston Varsity]] |{{sup|b}} Twa dee'd soon efter birth.}}
}}
'''Alexander Graham Bell''' (3 Mairch 1847 – 2 August 1922)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-07|title=Bell Homestead|url=https://www.brantford.ca/en/things-to-do/bell-homestead.aspx|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.brantford.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a Scots-born scientist, inventor,  wha bade in [[Canadae]], an efter in the [[Unitit States]], wis foonder o the [[Bell Canada]], an the American Telephone an Telegraph Company ([[AT&amp;T]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Transistorized: AT&amp;T {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/att.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.pbs.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  an wis kent as the 'faither o the [[telephone]]'.&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |title = Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-24 |archive-date = 2015-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003124/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; As weel as his wark in [[telecommunications]] technology, he wis responsible for sindry important advances in [[aviation]] an [[hydrofoil]] technology, an in [[genetics]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  

Baith his mither an sister war baith profoondly deif, an male members o his faimily war warkin on [[Speak|speech]] an elocution. This micht hae influencit Bell's ain research,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bruce|first=Robert V.|title=Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the conquest of solitude|url=https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1|date=1990|publisher=Cornell Univ. Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2|edition=[Nachdr. der Ausg.] Boston, Little, Brown, 1973|location=Ithaca|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellalexandergra0000bruc_k0w1/page/419 419], 37, 491, 388}}&lt;/ref&gt; that led tae him gettin the first U.S. patent, oan 5 March 1876, fur the telephone,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Alexander Graham Bell: an inventive life|date=1999|publisher=Kids Can Press|isbn=978-1-55074-456-9|editor-last=MacLeod|editor-first=Elizabeth|location=Toronto|pages=19, 12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho he widna thole haein a telephone in his ain study fur it wad interupt his ither research wark.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

He wis forby interestit in [[heredity]] an his wark on this wis cawed &quot;the soondest, an maist uissfae study o human heredity proponed in nineteenth-century America... Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

He becam the second preses (1898 -1903) o the [[National Geographic Society]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-02|title=NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day {{!}} National Geographic (blogs)|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202163557/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2011/05/26/ngs-celebrates-23rd-founders-day/|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life an faimily ==
Born Alexander Bell  in [[Edinburgh]] on 3 Mairch 1847, his faither wis Alexander Melville Bell, a phoneticist wha developit sign leid, an his mither wis Eliza Grace Bell (''née'' Symonds);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1905-08-08|title=ALEXANDER M. BELL DEAD.; Father of Prof. A.G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/08/08/archives/alexander-m-bell-dead-father-of-prof-ag-bell-developed-sign.html|access-date=2024-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; the faimily bided in Charlotte Street.  He hid askit his faither tae gie him a middle name like his twa brithers, an sae wis named aifter a ludger, wha his faither wis treatin, Alexander Graham, sae frae the age o elelven, he wis kent as Alexander Graham Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-02-24|title=Alexander Graham Bell: Call Me Alexander Graham Bell|url=http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224032704/http://learn.fi.edu/learn/case-files/bell/agb.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

His twa brithers Melville James Bell (1845–1870) an Edward Charles Bell (1848–1867), baith dee'd o tuberculosis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/alexander-graham-bell-papers/about-this-collection/|access-date=2024-06-24|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mither (frae Bell wis anely twelve) an sister war baith deif, an he becam interessit in hou tae communicate wi thaim, an in acoustics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=James|title=Sounds out of silence: a life of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack|date=1997|publisher=Mainstream Publ|isbn=978-1-85158-833-6|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/soundsoutofsilen0000mack/page/25 25]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell wis musical an inventive as a bairn, an his parents hertent him in that. His faither taucht him Visible Speech method, an Bell could expoond mony leids, wi'oot kennin hoo they wis pronooncit,  sik as [[Laitin]], [[Scots Gaelic]] an [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Petrie|first=A. Roy|title=Alexander Graham Bell|date=1983|publisher=Fitzhenry &amp; Whiteside|isbn=978-0-88902-209-6|series=The Canadians|location=Don Mills, Ont|pages=7-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

He then bided wi his granfaither in Lunnon fir ae year afore he gaed tae be a pupil-teacher o elocution an music awtho he hissel studied Laitin an Greek at Weston House Academy, [[Elgin, Moray]]. 

Aifter went tae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]], an forby wis back at Elgin, an aifter tocht in Bath, [[Somerset]]. Whiles he wis ill hissel, but his younger brither Edward never rekivert an dee'd o tuberculosis (1867). Syne his elder brither, Melville de'ed anaa in 1870. His faither, mony years afore, hid convalesced in [[Newfoundland an Labrador|Newfoondland]] an acause Bell wis ill anaa (forby he wis due tae stert tae study at the [[Varsity o Lunnon|Varsity o Lunnin)]], an haed whiles tocht deif bairns in Lunnon wi his faither, the hale faimily gaed awa tae bide in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A decade efter, aince he hid foondit the Bell Telephone Company, he merrit Mabel Hubbard on 11 July 1877. They hid fower bairns, twa wha dee'd as littlins, an twa dochters Elsie Mabel Bell an Marion Hubbard Bell.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|url=http://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00gros|title=Alexander Graham Bell : the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=New York : Harry Abrams|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|pages=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Research an teachin ==
Bell's faither hertent him, an his brither Melville wha workit wi him, ti dae aa kind o experiments on soond an acoustics. He wis makin a model o the [[thrapple]] (larynx) an skult, an usin bellows tae mak it spikk,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; anither project wis da'en wi a dug, a [[Skye Tarrie]], ''Trouve,'' makin it mak 'human' soounds by pressin oan its thrapple an movin its lips wi his haunds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Groundwater|first=Jennifer|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the spirit of invention; biography|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou|date=2005|publisher=Altitude Pub. Canada|isbn=978-1-55439-006-9|series=Amazing stories|location=Canmore, Alta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000grou/page/30 30], 39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baith in Canadae, an then in [[Boston]], Bell workit wi the deif wi his faither, as a dominie in his ain shuil.  Ane o Bell's private schull bairns wis [[Helen Keller]], baith blin an deif an nae able tae spikk. She wis tocht by Bell uising his faither's method. Mony years aifter, she wis askit tae cut the sod fur the foondin o Bell's own institute, Volta Bureau, fur &quot;the increase an diffusion o knawledge relatin tae the deif&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Alexander Graham Bell {{!}} Biography, Education, Telephone, Inventions, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Graham-Bell|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1872, Bell becam professor o Vocal Physiology an Elocution at the Boston Varsity Schull o Oratory. He tocht private pupils an continuit tae experiment wi soond an muisic transmission. But he becam unweel forby.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== The telephone ==
Bell experimentit wi soond transmission in varlous weys, includin a phonoautograph, an forby uisin electric currents tae trasmit the soonds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Always inventing: a photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alwaysinventingp0000matt|date=1999|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-0-7922-7391-2|editor-last=Matthews|editor-first=Tom L.|location=Washington, DC|pages=19-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In the 1870s, the telegraph wis growin across Americae an Canadae. Bell told twa walthie investors aboot his invention tae send multiple tones on a telegraph. This startit the investment ahint his invention, the telephone, in 1875 (an the necessary prertection by patent).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Evenson|first=A. Edward|title=The telephone patent conspiracy of 1876: the Elisha Gray-Alexander Bell controversy and its many players|date=2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0883-2|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Another model by Elisha Gray wis bein pruived, an he wis forby applying fur a patent, at almaist the same time, an sae Gray brocht a challenge agin Bell's application.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

But the telephone patent no.174,465, wis issuit to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office.  

This pertection wis fur &quot;the method o, an apparatus fur, transmittin vocal or other soonds telegraphically ... bi causin electrical undulations, seemilar  tae the vibrations o the air  that gaes wi the said vocal o ither soond.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Three days efter, 10 March 1876, Bell transmittit soond by varying electrical currents. But he developit a better model wi [[Electromagnetic radiation|electomagnetic]] methods. He continuit to impruive his approach an in August 1876, Bell sent a soond transmission (ae wey) fower miles frae his haim, an then eight miles tae Paris, Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone|url=https://www.telecommunications.ca/alexander-graham-bell-invention-telephone.htm|access-date=2024-06-24|website=www.telecommunications.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; His next step wis twa-wey conversation an this cam aboot oan 9 October 1876, frae [[Cambridge, Maryland|Cambridge]], Maryland tae Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First Phone Call|url=https://historycambridge.org/innovation/First%20Phone%20Call.html|access-date=2024-06-24|website=historycambridge.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The followin year, the Bell Telephone Company wis creatit an with an decade aboot 150,000 fowk in the Unitit States awnt a telephone. Within twa mair years, Bell's demonstration o the telephone becam kintra wide then international efter a call wi [[Queen Victoria]], oan the [[Isle o Wight]] tae Soothhampton an Lunnon an Bell offerit a set o telephones fir hir uise, alane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Stewart|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross|date=2001|publisher=Raintree Steck-Vaughn|isbn=978-0-7398-4415-1|series=Scientists who made history|location=Austin, TX|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb00ross/page/21 21]-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ither projects ==

=== Photophone ===
Bell an his assistant, Charles Sumner Tainter, developit a photophone that transmittit soond an human vyce o'er a beam o licht.  Whan it wis testit ower a distance o 700feet on 21 June 1880, it wis aboot 19 year afore the first vyce radio transmission.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-02-19|title=First Radio Built by San Diego Resident|url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|access-date=2024-06-25|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2002-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219111153/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/ar304.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell hissel thocht this wis his greatest invention.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alexander Graham Bell|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-graham-bell|access-date=2024-06-25|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metal detector ===
Bell developit a kind o metal detector tae assist tae speir oot the murther o Preses [[James A. Garfield]] (1881) tae airt oot whaur the bullet whit kilt him haed gane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grosvenor|first=Edwin S.|title=Alexander Graham Bell: the life and times of the man who invented the telephone|url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros|last2=Wesson|first2=Morgan|date=1997|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-4005-5|editor-last=AvRutick|editor-first=Sharon|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/alexandergrahamb0000gros/page/106 107]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bell scrievit an airticle publishit bi the American Association fur the Advancement o Science aboot his invention an the speirin o the murther.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bell|first=Alexander Graham|date=1883-01-01|title=Upon the electrical experiments to determine the location of the bullet in the body of the late President Garfield; and upon a successful form of induction balance for the painless detection of metallic masses in the human body|url=https://ajsonline.org/article/64003|journal=American Journal of Science|language=en|volume=s3-25|issue=145|pages=22–61|doi=10.2475/ajs.s3-25.145.22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hydrofoil an aeronautics ===
Aifter ha'en seen an ridden in the Forlanini hydrofoil on Lake Maggiore, Italy in 1910-11, Bell an Frederick W. Baldwin impruived the design an then warkit wi boat-bigger, Walter Pinaud (afore an efter World War I), wi engines frae the U.S. Navy, an creatit a hydrofoil that set the warld record fur marine speed o 70.86 miles per oor (114.04 kilometres per oor) on 19 September 1919, an they held it fir ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boileau|first=John|title=Fastest in the world: the saga of Canada's revolutionary hydrofoils|date=2005|publisher=Formac Publ|isbn=978-0-88780-621-6|location=Halifax, NS|pages=30}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bell wis ahint the Aerial Experiment Association, that wis pruivin an fleein 'heavier than air' machines, wi an investment frae his wife Mabel. This includit pruivin brent-new ideas sic an enclosit cockpit an a form o aerelon, fir steerin the machine.  Oan  23 February 1909, he wis thare whaun the AEA's ''Sliver Dart'' makkit ithe first flicht in Canadae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=Alan|title=Into the 20th century: 1900/1910|url=https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse|date=1977|publisher=Natural Science of Canada Ltd|isbn=978-0-919644-22-9|series=Canada's illustrated heritage|location=Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/into20thcentury10000unse/page/95 95] -97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Heredity an genetics ===
Frae thair interest in deif fowk, an in genetics ower mony years, Bell an his wife Mabel experimentit wi breeding sheep, fur tae develop anes that haed mair teats fur feeding their lamms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Greenwald|first=Brian H.|date=2009|title=The Real “Toll” of A. G. Bell: Lessons about Eugenics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26190555|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=9|issue=3|pages=258–265|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae thare an fur his ither studies in eugenics, in 1921 Bell becam the honorary preses o the Second International Congress o Eugenics in New York  whaur he wis ca'ad 'a pioneeering investigator in the field o human genetics'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allen|first=Garland E.|date=January 1986|title=The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay in Institutional History|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368657|journal=Osiris|language=en|volume=2|pages=225–264|doi=10.1086/368657|issn=0369-7827}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Death ==
Bell dea'd o complications frae diabetes oan 2 August 1922.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gray|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm62118266|title=Reluctant genius: Alexander Graham Bell and the passion for invention|date=2006|publisher=Arcade Pub. : Distributed by Hachette Book Group USA|isbn=978-1-55970-809-8|edition=1st U.S. ed|location=New York|pages=419|oclc=ocm62118266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;


{{Commonscat}}

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  <page>
    <title>Disney Channel</title>
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      <text bytes="36870" sha1="fcihkbq2573iquxf9sr4tzokfiuwrzj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion chainel
| name     = Disney Channel
| logofile   = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg
| launch   = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}}
| owner    = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]]
| picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}}
| country   = Unitit States
| language   = Inglis
| broadcast area = Nationwide
| headquarters  = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S.
| former names  = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}}
| sister names  = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}}
| timeshift names = Disney Channel East&lt;br&gt;Disney Channel West
| web    = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}}
| sat serv 1  = [[DirecTV]]
| sat chan 1  = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 291 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]])
| sat serv 2  = [[Dish Network]]
| sat chan 2  = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 173 (west; SD only)
| sat serv 3  = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]]
| sat chan 3  = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)&lt;br&gt;Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital)
| cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider
| cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary
| iptv serv 1  = [[Verizon FiOS]]
| iptv chan 1  = Channel 250 (SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 780 (HD)
| iptv serv 2  = [[AT&amp;T U-verse]]
| iptv chan 2  = Channel 302 (East; SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 303 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1303 (HD)
| iptv serv 3  = [[Google Fiber]]
| iptv chan 3  = Channel 427 (SD/HD)
| online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]]
| online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]]
| online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]]
| online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]]
| online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]]
| online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| years_active =1983&amp;ndash;present
}}
'''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortent tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]].

Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under.

As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
[[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]]
Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&amp;nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt.

In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year &quot;hybrid&quot; strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1991&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just &quot;'''Disney'''&quot; frae 1997 til 2002.

== Programmin ==

=== Film leebrary ===
televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the &quot;Premiere Films&quot; label an renamed it tae the &quot;Disney Channel Original Movies&quot; (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&amp;cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point.

In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister netwirk, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou.

=== Programmin blocks ===

==== Current ====

* '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as &quot;Mickey Mornings&quot; war lencht, replacin the previous &quot;Disney Junior on Disney Channel&quot; brandin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember.

==== Umwhile ====

* '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle &quot;Disney Nighttime&quot;. The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 5&quot;), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.&lt;/ref&gt; Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.
* '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation.
* '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot; /&gt; The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried &quot;Bonus! Thursday&quot; (or &quot;Bonus!&quot; for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.&lt;/ref&gt; The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot; /&gt; The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot; /&gt;
* '''Totally Kids Only''' (&quot;TKO&quot;; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 2&quot;), April/May 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996.
* '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.&lt;/ref&gt; The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried &quot;Block Party&quot;, thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series&quot;. ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;Block Party&quot; brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.&lt;/ref&gt; This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt;
* '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News &amp; Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt; Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999).  The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot; /&gt; alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period).
* '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war &quot;Zoogs&quot;, whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1998&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war brandit under the umbrella teetle &quot;Zoog Weekendz&quot;. The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&amp;pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Replay''' – &quot;Disney Replay&quot; wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack &amp; Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124020/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend &quot;Throwback Thursday&quot;), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback.
* '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – &quot;Disney XD on Disney Channel&quot; is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel.

=== Bumpers ===
Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sports ===
For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relatit channels an programs ==

=== Current sister channels ===

==== Disney Jr. ====
[[File:2024_Disney_Jr._Logo.svg|thumb|Disney Jr. logo]]
Disney Jr. is a daily mornin program block aimed at fowk in nursery, spiritually succeedin ''Playhouse Disney'' thit wis pit oot on the 6t Apryle 1997, as pairt o Disney Channel's mornin lineup. On the 26t Mey 2010, Disney General Entertainment Content (at the time kent as ''Disney-ABC Television Group'') anooncit the expansion o the block intae a 24/7 cable an satellite channel thit stairtit on the 23rd Mairch 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan&quot; /&gt; The channel wad be advert-free an compete wi ither nursery-skewin cable channels sic as the ''Nick Jr. Channel'' an ''Universal Kids'' (umwhile kent as ''PBS Kids Sprout'' an than ''Sprout'').&lt;ref name=&quot;PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=27 May 2010|title=PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|url-status=live|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625221708/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|archive-date=25 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel featurs programs frae Disney Channel's existin nursery programmin leebrary an films frae the Walt Disney Pictures film leebrary. On its lench, Disney Junior haed taen ower the channel space haud bi ''Soapnet'' – a Disney-awnt cable channel featurin saip operas – due tae that genre's decline in popularity on braidcast television an the growth o video on demand, online streamin an digital video recorders negatin the need for a linear channel devotit tae the saip opera genre. Efter a period whaur cable providers warnae wantin tae drap the netwirk as a hale kept it to stap subscriber cancellations, Soapnet pit a stap tae aw operations on the 31st Disember 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;soapnetdrain&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=James|first=Meg|date=9 November 2013|title=Disney's SOAPnet channel headed for the drain|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306063407/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|archive-date=6 March 2014|access-date=November 10, 2013|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile ''Playhouse Disney'' block on Disney Channel rebrandit as Disney Junior on the 14t Februar 14, alang wi the existin internaitional channels; thay haed thair names shortent tae &quot;Disney Jr.&quot; frae the 1st Julie 2024, awtho it's spelt an pronouncit the same as afore. Disney-ABC Television Group at ae pynt planned tae pit oot a ''Playhouse Disney''-brandit channel in the [[Unitit States]] in 2001, hounaiver it niver happened despite lenchin internaitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=June 25, 2001|title=Play nice now; Walt Disney Co. plans to introduce Playhouse Disney Channel|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034312/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Disney XD ====
[[File:2015_Disney_XD_logo.svg|thumb|Disney XD logo]]
Lenched on the 13t Februar 2009,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=January 7, 2009|title=Disney XD Set to Launch on TV and Online|work=Targeted News Service|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; as the successor tae ''Toon Disney'', Disney XD is a cable an satellite television channel thit was oreeginally aimed at young male audiences aged 6 tae 14, but haes syne includit girls in its programmin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chmielewski|first=Dawn C|date=7 August 2008|title=Enough with the girls, tween boys get their own brand of Disney love|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930193135/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=October 17, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel showcases action an comedy programmin frae Disney Channel an the umwhile ''Jetix'' block frae Toon Disney, alangside some first-run oreeginal programmin an aff-netwirk syndicatit programmes. Disney XD, unlike its sister channels Disney Channel an Disney Junior, operates as an ad-supportit service, seemilar tae its predecessor Toon Disney. The channel cairies the same name as an unrelatit mini-site an media player on ''Disney.com'', thit stuid for ''Disney Xtreme Digital'', tho it is said thit the &quot;XD&quot; in the channel's name haesnae got an actual meanin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 January 2007|title=Disney to offer safe social site for kids|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|url-status=dead|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034420/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|archive-date=24 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stub/Televeesion}}

[[Category:1983 establishments]]
[[Category:Televeesion networks]]</text>
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      <text bytes="49477" sha1="k0i0rf39jjvsc952h9k71emfj7p78iy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion chainel
| name     = Disney Channel
| logofile   = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg
| launch   = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}}
| owner    = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]]
| picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}}
| country   = Unitit States
| language   = Inglis
| broadcast area = Nationwide
| headquarters  = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S.
| former names  = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}}
| sister names  = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}}
| timeshift names = Disney Channel East&lt;br&gt;Disney Channel West
| web    = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}}
| sat serv 1  = [[DirecTV]]
| sat chan 1  = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 291 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]])
| sat serv 2  = [[Dish Network]]
| sat chan 2  = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 173 (west; SD only)
| sat serv 3  = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]]
| sat chan 3  = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)&lt;br&gt;Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital)
| cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider
| cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary
| iptv serv 1  = [[Verizon FiOS]]
| iptv chan 1  = Channel 250 (SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 780 (HD)
| iptv serv 2  = [[AT&amp;T U-verse]]
| iptv chan 2  = Channel 302 (East; SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 303 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1303 (HD)
| iptv serv 3  = [[Google Fiber]]
| iptv chan 3  = Channel 427 (SD/HD)
| online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]]
| online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]]
| online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]]
| online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]]
| online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]]
| online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| years_active =1983&amp;ndash;present
}}
'''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortent tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]].

Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs taewarts families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under.

As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
[[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]]
Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&amp;nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt.

In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year &quot;hybrid&quot; strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1991&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just &quot;'''Disney'''&quot; frae 1997 til 2002.

== Programmin ==

=== Film leebrary ===
televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the &quot;Premiere Films&quot; label an renamed it tae the &quot;Disney Channel Original Movies&quot; (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&amp;cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point.

In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister netwirk, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou.

=== Programmin blocks ===

==== Current ====

* '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as &quot;Mickey Mornings&quot; war lencht, replacin the previous &quot;Disney Junior on Disney Channel&quot; brandin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember.

==== Umwhile ====

* '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle &quot;Disney Nighttime&quot;. The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 5&quot;), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.&lt;/ref&gt; Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.
* '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation.
* '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot; /&gt; The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried &quot;Bonus! Thursday&quot; (or &quot;Bonus!&quot; for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.&lt;/ref&gt; The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot; /&gt; The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot; /&gt;
* '''Totally Kids Only''' (&quot;TKO&quot;; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 2&quot;), April/May 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime childer's programs frae 1995 til 1996.
* '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.&lt;/ref&gt; The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried &quot;Block Party&quot;, thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series&quot;. ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;Block Party&quot; brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.&lt;/ref&gt; This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt;
* '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News &amp; Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt; Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999).  The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot; /&gt; alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period).
* '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war &quot;Zoogs&quot;, whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1998&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war brandit under the umbrella teetle &quot;Zoog Weekendz&quot;. The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&amp;pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Replay''' – &quot;Disney Replay&quot; wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack &amp; Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124020/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend &quot;Throwback Thursday&quot;), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback.
* '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – &quot;Disney XD on Disney Channel&quot; is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel.

=== Bumpers ===
Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sports ===
For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relatit channels an programs ==

=== Current sister channels ===

==== Disney Jr. ====
[[File:2024_Disney_Jr._Logo.svg|thumb|Disney Jr. logo]]
Disney Jr. is a daily mornin program block aimed at fowk in nursery, spiritually succeedin ''Playhouse Disney'' thit wis pit oot on the 6t Apryle 1997, as pairt o Disney Channel's mornin lineup. On the 26t Mey 2010, Disney General Entertainment Content (at the time kent as ''Disney-ABC Television Group'') anooncit the expansion o the block intae a 24/7 cable an satellite channel thit stairtit on the 23rd Mairch 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan&quot; /&gt; The channel wad be advert-free an compete wi ither nursery-skewin cable channels sic as the ''Nick Jr. Channel'' an ''Universal Kids'' (umwhile kent as ''PBS Kids Sprout'' an than ''Sprout'').&lt;ref name=&quot;PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=27 May 2010|title=PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|url-status=live|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625221708/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|archive-date=25 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel featurs programs frae Disney Channel's existin nursery programmin leebrary an films frae the Walt Disney Pictures film leebrary. On its lench, Disney Junior haed taen ower the channel space haud bi ''Soapnet'' – a Disney-awnt cable channel featurin saip operas – due tae that genre's decline in popularity on braidcast television an the growth o video on demand, online streamin an digital video recorders negatin the need for a linear channel devotit tae the saip opera genre. Efter a period whaur cable providers warnae wantin tae drap the netwirk as a hale kept it to stap subscriber cancellations, Soapnet pit a stap tae aw operations on the 31st Disember 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;soapnetdrain&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=James|first=Meg|date=9 November 2013|title=Disney's SOAPnet channel headed for the drain|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306063407/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|archive-date=6 March 2014|access-date=November 10, 2013|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile ''Playhouse Disney'' block on Disney Channel rebrandit as Disney Junior on the 14t Februar 14, alang wi the existin internaitional channels; thay haed thair names shortent tae &quot;Disney Jr.&quot; frae the 1st Julie 2024, awtho it's spelt an pronouncit the same as afore. Disney-ABC Television Group at ae pynt planned tae pit oot a ''Playhouse Disney''-brandit channel in the [[Unitit States]] in 2001, hounaiver it niver happened in maugre o lenchin internaitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=June 25, 2001|title=Play nice now; Walt Disney Co. plans to introduce Playhouse Disney Channel|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034312/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Disney XD ====
[[File:2015_Disney_XD_logo.svg|thumb|Disney XD logo]]
Lenched on the 13t Februar 2009,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=January 7, 2009|title=Disney XD Set to Launch on TV and Online|work=Targeted News Service|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; as the successor tae ''Toon Disney'', Disney XD is a cable an satellite television channel thit was oreeginally aimed at young male audiences aged 6 tae 14, but haes syne includit girls in its programmin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chmielewski|first=Dawn C|date=7 August 2008|title=Enough with the girls, tween boys get their own brand of Disney love|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930193135/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=October 17, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel showcases action an comedy programmin frae Disney Channel an the umwhile ''Jetix'' block frae Toon Disney, alangside some first-run oreeginal programmin an aff-netwirk syndicatit programmes. Disney XD, unlike its sister channels Disney Channel an Disney Junior, operates as an ad-supportit service, seemilar tae its predecessor Toon Disney. The channel cairies the same name as an unrelatit mini-site an media player on ''Disney.com'', thit stuid for ''Disney Xtreme Digital'', tho it is said thit the &quot;XD&quot; in the channel's name haesnae got an actual meanin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 January 2007|title=Disney to offer safe social site for kids|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|url-status=dead|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034420/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|archive-date=24 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umwhile sister channels ===

* '''Toon Disney''' – Lenched on the 18t Apryle 1998, durin the 15t anniversary celebration o the lench o sister netwirk, Disney Channel,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=December 9, 1997|title=Disney Channel to Take Wing of Running 24 Hours of Cartoons|work=Daily News|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034409/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; this channel wis aimed at childer an teenagers atweesh the ages o 6 an 18. The netwirk's main competitors at lench war ''Turner Broadcasting System''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Cartoon Network'' an ''MTV Networks''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ''[[Nickelodeon]]''. Toon Disney stairtit aff as a advert-free service frae its lench until September 1999 whan, unlike Disney Channel, it became ad-supportit. The channel cairied a mix of reruns o animatit productions frae ''Walt Disney Television Animation'' an Disney Channel, alangside some third-party programs frae ither distributors, animatit films an oreeginal programmin. In 2004, the channel introduced a nichttime program block aimed at childer ages 7 tae 14 cawed Jetix, thit featurt action-orientit animatit an live-action series. Durin Toon Disney's first year on the air, Disney Channel ran a sampler block o Toon Disney's programmin on Sunday nichts for interestit subscribers. The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, thit lenched on the 13t Februar 2009, is a channel aimed at childer an aw, an featurs a braider array o programmin, wi a heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
* '''Jetix''' lenched as a programmin block in the Unitit States on ''Toon Disney'' on the 14t Februar 2004, tae compete wi ''Cartoon Network''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Toonami'' block,&lt;ref name=&quot;amag&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Ryan|date=13 February 2004|title=Toon Disney Launches Jetix, Live Card Game|newspaper=[[Animation Magazine]]|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223510/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|archive-date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; an in Europe in Apryle 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2005|title=Postul TV Fox Kids Romania a devenit Jetix Romania|trans-title=Fox Kids Romania TV station becomes Jetix Romania|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-rhiva-1245863-postul-fox-kids-romania-devenit-jetix-romania.htm|access-date=23 December 2014|website=HotNews|location=[[Bucharest]]|language=ro-RO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi the end o 2004, Jetix stairted tae completely replace global ''Fox Kids''-brandit channels, wi the first o thaim bein the French version in August 2004&lt;ref name=&quot;brcl2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=20 August 2004|title=Fox Kids Europe becomes Jetix to appeal to boys|url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/220094/Fox-Kids-Europe-becomes-Jetix-appeal-boys/?HAYILC=RELATED|access-date=23 March 2012|website=Brand Republic}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the last yin bein the German version in Juin 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 December 2006|title=Jetix Europe Financials|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019095445/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2014|access-date=11 January 2022|website=[[Jetix Europe]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, lenchit on the 13t Februar 2009, an featurs heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
** '''Jetix Play''' wis the sister channel tae Jetix an awnt bi its dedicatit company Jetix Europe thit wis braidcast in a wee nummer o regions, sic as Central and Eastern Europe an the [[Middle East]]. The channel wis offeecially pit oot on Januar 1, 2005, an wis available for 12 oor a day frae 6 A.M. til 6 P.M.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 January 2005|title=Jetix Annual Review Report and Financial Statements 2006 PDF|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330105233/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|archive-date=30 March 2007|access-date=23 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jetix Play wis aimed at a younger audience nor the main Jetix channel an mainly shawed archived programmin frae the catalogues o ''BVS Entertainment'' (Umwhile kent as ''Saban Entertainment'') an Fox Kids Europe. Jetix Play wis replaced wi Playhouse Disney an later on Disney Jr.{{efn|It was previously shown and spelt visually as '''Disney Junior''' between its launch in 2011 until 2024.}} in maist regions bi 2010.
* '''Radio Disney''' wis a radio netwirk aimed taewarts music programming is oriented taewarts childer, pre-teens an teenagers. Lenched on November 18, 1996, the netwirk focused mainly on current hit music an placed a heivy emphasis on talents thit signed with ''Walt Disney Records'' an/or ''Hollywood Records'', the twa record label o ''Disney Music Group''. On the 3rd Disember 2020, the Walt Disney Company annooncit its closure in first quarter o 2021 durin the company's restructurin acteevities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney Shutting Down Amid Restructuring|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114051629/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|archive-date=14 January 2022|access-date=14 January 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Low|first=Elaine|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney, Radio Disney Country to End Operations in Early 2021|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217182129/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|archive-date=17 February 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 14t Apryle 2021, its feeds ceased halely whan its last remeenin terrestrial station wis chynged tae a simulcast o KSPN.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot; /&gt;

=== Production studios ===

==== Disney Television Animation ====
Kent an aw bi its trade name, &quot;'''Disney Channel Animation'''&quot;, it is the television animation production studio diveesion o the Walt Disney Studios an based in Glendale, California, providin oreeginal animatit programmin for the three main Disney-brandit television channels.

==== It's a Laugh Productions ====
A live-action production studio based in Studio City, Los Angeles, [[California]], thit provides oreeginal sitcoms an comedy programs mainly for Disney Channel. In magure bein the prime production soorce o Disney Channel programmss, mony o its projects are still co-produced an financed bi [[the Walt Disney Company]].

==== Walt Disney EMEA Productions ====
'''Walt Disney EMEA Productions Limited''' is the netwirk's European production studio locatit in [[London|Lunnon]], Ingland, thit co-produces oreeginal programs ben Europe alangside ither companies.

==== Disney Original Documentary ====
'''Disney Original Documentary''' is a banner frae Disney Branded Television for documentary-based programs braidcast on Disney Channel an pit oot on Disney+ that wis lenched on the 9t Disember 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=9 December 2021|title=Disney Branded Television Acquires Doc Short 'Sophie &amp; The Baron' As First Title Under Newly Formed Disney Original Documentary Banner|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901015620/https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|archive-date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Media ==

=== Video gemmes ===
In 2010, ''Disney Channel All Star Party'' wis lowsed for the [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Disney Channel All Star Party|work=[[IGN]]|url=https://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710121326/http://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|archive-date=10 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fower-player mascot pairty gemm, whaur the stages resemble board gemmes, featurs chairacters frae Disney Channel programs sic as ''Sonny with a Chance'', ''Wizards of Waverly Place'', an ''JONAS L.A.'' Several video gemms based on the Disney Channel animatit series ''Phineas and Ferb'' war lowsed bi ''Disney Interactive Studios''. The Disney Channel wabsteid featurt various Flash gemms an aw, incorporatin chairacters frae the channel's various program franchises, includin ''[[Kim Possible]]'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]''.

== Internaitional ==
Disney Channel haes established presence in various regions across the Americas, maist o Europe, the Middle East, Africa, [[Indie]], an [[Japan]]. Channel versions/feeds war available or uised tae exist in [[Austrailie|Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[Italy]], the Breetish Isles, Sootheast Asie, [[Hong Kong]], [[Sooth Korea]], [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], [[Spainie]] an [[Brazil]] an aw, but ceased braidcastin frae the early 2020s, wi maist content muivin tae ''Disney+'' or ''Disney+ Hotstar'' efter thair lenches in thae kintras/regions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=Walt Disney to shut down 100 TV channels in 2021: Bob Chapek|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041954/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|archive-date=20 May 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|website=Exchange4Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=2023-06-14|title=Disney to Close Remaining Linear TV Channels in Southeast Asia and Korea|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-closing-tv-channels-southeast-asia-korea-1235643667/|access-date=2024-06-02|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On the 14t Disember 2022, Disney ceased its distreebution o programs in [[Roushie|Rousie]] in respone tae the ongang Russian invasion of Ukraine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel Russia To Stop Broadcasting December 14th|url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203131141/https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|archive-date=3 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-03|website=LaughingPlace.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel to stop broadcasting in Russia from Dec. 14 - Kommersant|language=en|work=Reuters|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203050950/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|archive-date=3 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2022|title=Улетает наш ласковый Микки|trans-title=Our affectionate Mickey is flying away!|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320182819/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|archive-date=March 20, 2023|access-date=December 3, 2022|website=Kommersant|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Russia's Media1 and Disney Channel dissolve their joint-venture|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214134331/https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|archive-date=14 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Disney Channel licenses its programmin tae air on certain ither braidcast an cable channels ootside the Unitit States (umwhile includin ''Family Channel'' in Canada), regairdless o whather or no a localised channel feed awready exists in that kintra.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stub/Televeesion}}

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      <text bytes="50391" sha1="4jsgy7i280f9f0hf034pemubdd3t3qz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion chainel
| name     = Disney Channel
| logofile   = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg
| launch   = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}}
| owner    = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]]
| picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}}
| country   = Unitit States
| language   = Inglis
| broadcast area = Nationwide
| headquarters  = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S.
| former names  = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}}
| sister names  = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}}
| timeshift names = Disney Channel East&lt;br&gt;Disney Channel West
| web    = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}}
| sat serv 1  = [[DirecTV]]
| sat chan 1  = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 291 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]])
| sat serv 2  = [[Dish Network]]
| sat chan 2  = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 173 (west; SD only)
| sat serv 3  = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]]
| sat chan 3  = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)&lt;br&gt;Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital)
| cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider
| cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary
| iptv serv 1  = [[Verizon FiOS]]
| iptv chan 1  = Channel 250 (SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 780 (HD)
| iptv serv 2  = [[AT&amp;T U-verse]]
| iptv chan 2  = Channel 302 (East; SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 303 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1303 (HD)
| iptv serv 3  = [[Google Fiber]]
| iptv chan 3  = Channel 427 (SD/HD)
| online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]]
| online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]]
| online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]]
| online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]]
| online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]]
| online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| years_active =1983&amp;ndash;present
}}
'''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortent tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]].

Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs taewarts families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under.

{{As of|2023|11}}, Disney Channel is available tae aboot 70 million pay television hoosehauds in the United States — doun frae its peak of 100 million households in 2011,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 14, 2024|title=U.S. cable network households (universe), 1990 – 2023|url=https://wrestlenomics.com/u-s-cable-network-households-universe-1990-2023-nielsen-data/|access-date=May 15, 2024|website=Wrestlenomics}}&lt;/ref&gt; an doun frae 93.9 million in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel's internaitional fitt-dunt, at ae pynt encompassin 46 channel available in 33 leids,&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Disney Channels Worldwide|url=https://www.dgepress.com/disneygeneralentertainmentcontent/about-us/disney-channels/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504182054/https://www.dgepress.com/disneygeneralentertainmentcontent/about-us/disney-channels/|archive-date=4 May 2022|access-date=4 May 2022|website=[[Disney General Entertainment Content]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; haes diminished an aw, due tae the lench of ''Disney+'' an competition frae streaming media an social media platforms.

== History ==
[[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]]
Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&amp;nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt.

In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year &quot;hybrid&quot; strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1991&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just &quot;'''Disney'''&quot; frae 1997 til 2002.

== Programmin ==

=== Film leebrary ===
televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the &quot;Premiere Films&quot; label an renamed it tae the &quot;Disney Channel Original Movies&quot; (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&amp;cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point.

In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister netwirk, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou.

=== Programmin blocks ===

==== Current ====

* '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as &quot;Mickey Mornings&quot; war lencht, replacin the previous &quot;Disney Junior on Disney Channel&quot; brandin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember.

==== Umwhile ====

* '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle &quot;Disney Nighttime&quot;. The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 5&quot;), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.&lt;/ref&gt; Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.
* '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation.
* '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot; /&gt; The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried &quot;Bonus! Thursday&quot; (or &quot;Bonus!&quot; for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.&lt;/ref&gt; The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot; /&gt; The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot; /&gt;
* '''Totally Kids Only''' (&quot;TKO&quot;; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 2&quot;), April/May 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime childer's programs frae 1995 til 1996.
* '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.&lt;/ref&gt; The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried &quot;Block Party&quot;, thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series&quot;. ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;Block Party&quot; brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.&lt;/ref&gt; This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt;
* '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News &amp; Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt; Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999).  The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot; /&gt; alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period).
* '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war &quot;Zoogs&quot;, whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1998&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war brandit under the umbrella teetle &quot;Zoog Weekendz&quot;. The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&amp;pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Replay''' – &quot;Disney Replay&quot; wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack &amp; Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124020/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend &quot;Throwback Thursday&quot;), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback.
* '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – &quot;Disney XD on Disney Channel&quot; is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel.

=== Bumpers ===
Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sports ===
For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relatit channels an programs ==

=== Current sister channels ===

==== Disney Jr. ====
[[File:2024_Disney_Jr._Logo.svg|thumb|Disney Jr. logo]]
Disney Jr. is a daily mornin program block aimed at fowk in nursery, spiritually succeedin ''Playhouse Disney'' thit wis pit oot on the 6t Apryle 1997, as pairt o Disney Channel's mornin lineup. On the 26t Mey 2010, Disney General Entertainment Content (at the time kent as ''Disney-ABC Television Group'') anooncit the expansion o the block intae a 24/7 cable an satellite channel thit stairtit on the 23rd Mairch 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan&quot; /&gt; The channel wad be advert-free an compete wi ither nursery-skewin cable channels sic as the ''Nick Jr. Channel'' an ''Universal Kids'' (umwhile kent as ''PBS Kids Sprout'' an than ''Sprout'').&lt;ref name=&quot;PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=27 May 2010|title=PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|url-status=live|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625221708/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|archive-date=25 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel featurs programs frae Disney Channel's existin nursery programmin leebrary an films frae the Walt Disney Pictures film leebrary. On its lench, Disney Junior haed taen ower the channel space haud bi ''Soapnet'' – a Disney-awnt cable channel featurin saip operas – due tae that genre's decline in popularity on braidcast television an the growth o video on demand, online streamin an digital video recorders negatin the need for a linear channel devotit tae the saip opera genre. Efter a period whaur cable providers warnae wantin tae drap the netwirk as a hale kept it to stap subscriber cancellations, Soapnet pit a stap tae aw operations on the 31st Disember 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;soapnetdrain&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=James|first=Meg|date=9 November 2013|title=Disney's SOAPnet channel headed for the drain|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306063407/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|archive-date=6 March 2014|access-date=November 10, 2013|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile ''Playhouse Disney'' block on Disney Channel rebrandit as Disney Junior on the 14t Februar 14, alang wi the existin internaitional channels; thay haed thair names shortent tae &quot;Disney Jr.&quot; frae the 1st Julie 2024, awtho it's spelt an pronouncit the same as afore. Disney-ABC Television Group at ae pynt planned tae pit oot a ''Playhouse Disney''-brandit channel in the [[Unitit States]] in 2001, hounaiver it niver happened in maugre o lenchin internaitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=June 25, 2001|title=Play nice now; Walt Disney Co. plans to introduce Playhouse Disney Channel|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034312/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Disney XD ====
[[File:2015_Disney_XD_logo.svg|thumb|Disney XD logo]]
Lenched on the 13t Februar 2009,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=January 7, 2009|title=Disney XD Set to Launch on TV and Online|work=Targeted News Service|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; as the successor tae ''Toon Disney'', Disney XD is a cable an satellite television channel thit was oreeginally aimed at young male audiences aged 6 tae 14, but haes syne includit girls in its programmin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chmielewski|first=Dawn C|date=7 August 2008|title=Enough with the girls, tween boys get their own brand of Disney love|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930193135/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=October 17, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel showcases action an comedy programmin frae Disney Channel an the umwhile ''Jetix'' block frae Toon Disney, alangside some first-run oreeginal programmin an aff-netwirk syndicatit programmes. Disney XD, unlike its sister channels Disney Channel an Disney Junior, operates as an ad-supportit service, seemilar tae its predecessor Toon Disney. The channel cairies the same name as an unrelatit mini-site an media player on ''Disney.com'', thit stuid for ''Disney Xtreme Digital'', tho it is said thit the &quot;XD&quot; in the channel's name haesnae got an actual meanin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 January 2007|title=Disney to offer safe social site for kids|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|url-status=dead|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034420/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|archive-date=24 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umwhile sister channels ===

* '''Toon Disney''' – Lenched on the 18t Apryle 1998, durin the 15t anniversary celebration o the lench o sister netwirk, Disney Channel,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=December 9, 1997|title=Disney Channel to Take Wing of Running 24 Hours of Cartoons|work=Daily News|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034409/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; this channel wis aimed at childer an teenagers atweesh the ages o 6 an 18. The netwirk's main competitors at lench war ''Turner Broadcasting System''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Cartoon Network'' an ''MTV Networks''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ''[[Nickelodeon]]''. Toon Disney stairtit aff as a advert-free service frae its lench until September 1999 whan, unlike Disney Channel, it became ad-supportit. The channel cairied a mix of reruns o animatit productions frae ''Walt Disney Television Animation'' an Disney Channel, alangside some third-party programs frae ither distributors, animatit films an oreeginal programmin. In 2004, the channel introduced a nichttime program block aimed at childer ages 7 tae 14 cawed Jetix, thit featurt action-orientit animatit an live-action series. Durin Toon Disney's first year on the air, Disney Channel ran a sampler block o Toon Disney's programmin on Sunday nichts for interestit subscribers. The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, thit lenched on the 13t Februar 2009, is a channel aimed at childer an aw, an featurs a braider array o programmin, wi a heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
* '''Jetix''' lenched as a programmin block in the Unitit States on ''Toon Disney'' on the 14t Februar 2004, tae compete wi ''Cartoon Network''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Toonami'' block,&lt;ref name=&quot;amag&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Ryan|date=13 February 2004|title=Toon Disney Launches Jetix, Live Card Game|newspaper=[[Animation Magazine]]|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223510/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|archive-date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; an in Europe in Apryle 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2005|title=Postul TV Fox Kids Romania a devenit Jetix Romania|trans-title=Fox Kids Romania TV station becomes Jetix Romania|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-rhiva-1245863-postul-fox-kids-romania-devenit-jetix-romania.htm|access-date=23 December 2014|website=HotNews|location=[[Bucharest]]|language=ro-RO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi the end o 2004, Jetix stairted tae completely replace global ''Fox Kids''-brandit channels, wi the first o thaim bein the French version in August 2004&lt;ref name=&quot;brcl2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=20 August 2004|title=Fox Kids Europe becomes Jetix to appeal to boys|url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/220094/Fox-Kids-Europe-becomes-Jetix-appeal-boys/?HAYILC=RELATED|access-date=23 March 2012|website=Brand Republic}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the last yin bein the German version in Juin 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 December 2006|title=Jetix Europe Financials|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019095445/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2014|access-date=11 January 2022|website=[[Jetix Europe]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, lenchit on the 13t Februar 2009, an featurs heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
** '''Jetix Play''' wis the sister channel tae Jetix an awnt bi its dedicatit company Jetix Europe thit wis braidcast in a wee nummer o regions, sic as Central and Eastern Europe an the [[Middle East]]. The channel wis offeecially pit oot on Januar 1, 2005, an wis available for 12 oor a day frae 6 A.M. til 6 P.M.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 January 2005|title=Jetix Annual Review Report and Financial Statements 2006 PDF|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330105233/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|archive-date=30 March 2007|access-date=23 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jetix Play wis aimed at a younger audience nor the main Jetix channel an mainly shawed archived programmin frae the catalogues o ''BVS Entertainment'' (Umwhile kent as ''Saban Entertainment'') an Fox Kids Europe. Jetix Play wis replaced wi Playhouse Disney an later on Disney Jr.{{efn|It was previously shown and spelt visually as '''Disney Junior''' between its launch in 2011 until 2024.}} in maist regions bi 2010.
* '''Radio Disney''' wis a radio netwirk aimed taewarts music programming is oriented taewarts childer, pre-teens an teenagers. Lenched on November 18, 1996, the netwirk focused mainly on current hit music an placed a heivy emphasis on talents thit signed with ''Walt Disney Records'' an/or ''Hollywood Records'', the twa record label o ''Disney Music Group''. On the 3rd Disember 2020, the Walt Disney Company annooncit its closure in first quarter o 2021 durin the company's restructurin acteevities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney Shutting Down Amid Restructuring|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114051629/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|archive-date=14 January 2022|access-date=14 January 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Low|first=Elaine|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney, Radio Disney Country to End Operations in Early 2021|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217182129/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|archive-date=17 February 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 14t Apryle 2021, its feeds ceased halely whan its last remeenin terrestrial station wis chynged tae a simulcast o KSPN.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot; /&gt;

=== Production studios ===

==== Disney Television Animation ====
Kent an aw bi its trade name, &quot;'''Disney Channel Animation'''&quot;, it is the television animation production studio diveesion o the Walt Disney Studios an based in Glendale, California, providin oreeginal animatit programmin for the three main Disney-brandit television channels.

==== It's a Laugh Productions ====
A live-action production studio based in Studio City, Los Angeles, [[California]], thit provides oreeginal sitcoms an comedy programs mainly for Disney Channel. In magure bein the prime production soorce o Disney Channel programmss, mony o its projects are still co-produced an financed bi [[the Walt Disney Company]].

==== Walt Disney EMEA Productions ====
'''Walt Disney EMEA Productions Limited''' is the netwirk's European production studio locatit in [[London|Lunnon]], Ingland, thit co-produces oreeginal programs ben Europe alangside ither companies.

==== Disney Original Documentary ====
'''Disney Original Documentary''' is a banner frae Disney Branded Television for documentary-based programs braidcast on Disney Channel an pit oot on Disney+ that wis lenched on the 9t Disember 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=9 December 2021|title=Disney Branded Television Acquires Doc Short 'Sophie &amp; The Baron' As First Title Under Newly Formed Disney Original Documentary Banner|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901015620/https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|archive-date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Media ==

=== Video gemmes ===
In 2010, ''Disney Channel All Star Party'' wis lowsed for the [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Disney Channel All Star Party|work=[[IGN]]|url=https://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710121326/http://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|archive-date=10 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fower-player mascot pairty gemm, whaur the stages resemble board gemmes, featurs chairacters frae Disney Channel programs sic as ''Sonny with a Chance'', ''Wizards of Waverly Place'', an ''JONAS L.A.'' Several video gemms based on the Disney Channel animatit series ''Phineas and Ferb'' war lowsed bi ''Disney Interactive Studios''. The Disney Channel wabsteid featurt various Flash gemms an aw, incorporatin chairacters frae the channel's various program franchises, includin ''[[Kim Possible]]'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]''.

== Internaitional ==
Disney Channel haes established presence in various regions across the Americas, maist o Europe, the Middle East, Africa, [[Indie]], an [[Japan]]. Channel versions/feeds war available or uised tae exist in [[Austrailie|Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[Italy]], the Breetish Isles, Sootheast Asie, [[Hong Kong]], [[Sooth Korea]], [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], [[Spainie]] an [[Brazil]] an aw, but ceased braidcastin frae the early 2020s, wi maist content muivin tae ''Disney+'' or ''Disney+ Hotstar'' efter thair lenches in thae kintras/regions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=Walt Disney to shut down 100 TV channels in 2021: Bob Chapek|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041954/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|archive-date=20 May 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|website=Exchange4Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=2023-06-14|title=Disney to Close Remaining Linear TV Channels in Southeast Asia and Korea|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-closing-tv-channels-southeast-asia-korea-1235643667/|access-date=2024-06-02|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On the 14t Disember 2022, Disney ceased its distreebution o programs in [[Roushie|Rousie]] in respone tae the ongang Russian invasion of Ukraine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel Russia To Stop Broadcasting December 14th|url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203131141/https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|archive-date=3 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-03|website=LaughingPlace.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel to stop broadcasting in Russia from Dec. 14 - Kommersant|language=en|work=Reuters|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203050950/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|archive-date=3 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2022|title=Улетает наш ласковый Микки|trans-title=Our affectionate Mickey is flying away!|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320182819/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|archive-date=March 20, 2023|access-date=December 3, 2022|website=Kommersant|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Russia's Media1 and Disney Channel dissolve their joint-venture|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214134331/https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|archive-date=14 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Disney Channel licenses its programmin tae air on certain ither braidcast an cable channels ootside the Unitit States (umwhile includin ''Family Channel'' in Canada), regairdless o whather or no a localised channel feed awready exists in that kintra.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stub/Televeesion}}

[[Category:1983 establishments]]
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      <text bytes="50282" sha1="gqgzllpjpaedeom1t8vk4f2q9zdzsha" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion chainel
| name     = Disney Channel
| logofile   = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg
| launch   = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}}
| owner    = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]]
| picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}}
| country   = Unitit States
| language   = Inglis
| broadcast area = Nationwide
| headquarters  = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S.
| former names  = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}}
| sister names  = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}}
| timeshift names = Disney Channel East&lt;br&gt;Disney Channel West
| web    = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}}
| sat serv 1  = [[DirecTV]]
| sat chan 1  = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 291 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]])
| sat serv 2  = [[Dish Network]]
| sat chan 2  = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 173 (west; SD only)
| sat serv 3  = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]]
| sat chan 3  = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)&lt;br&gt;Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital)
| cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider
| cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary
| iptv serv 1  = [[Verizon FiOS]]
| iptv chan 1  = Channel 250 (SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 780 (HD)
| iptv serv 2  = [[AT&amp;T U-verse]]
| iptv chan 2  = Channel 302 (East; SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 303 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1303 (HD)
| iptv serv 3  = [[Google Fiber]]
| iptv chan 3  = Channel 427 (SD/HD)
| online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]]
| online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]]
| online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]]
| online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]]
| online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]]
| online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| years_active =1983&amp;ndash;present
}}
'''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortent tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]].

Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – that uised tae be operated as a premium service – oreeginally merketit its programs thewarts families durin the 1980s, an later at yunger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, whiles its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an unner.

{{As of|2023|11}}, Disney Channel is available tae aboot 70 million pay television hoosehauds in the United States — doun frae its peak of 100 million households in 2011,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 14, 2024|title=U.S. cable network households (universe), 1990 – 2023|url=https://wrestlenomics.com/u-s-cable-network-households-universe-1990-2023-nielsen-data/|access-date=May 15, 2024|website=Wrestlenomics}}&lt;/ref&gt; an doun frae 93.9 million in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel's internaitional fitt-dunt, at ae pynt encompassin 46 channel available in 33 leids,&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Disney Channels Worldwide|url=https://www.dgepress.com/disneygeneralentertainmentcontent/about-us/disney-channels/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504182054/https://www.dgepress.com/disneygeneralentertainmentcontent/about-us/disney-channels/|archive-date=4 May 2022|access-date=4 May 2022|website=[[Disney General Entertainment Content]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; haes diminished an aw, due tae the lench of ''Disney+'' an competition frae streaming media an social media platforms.

== History ==
[[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]]
Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&amp;nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt.

In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year &quot;hybrid&quot; strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1991&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just &quot;'''Disney'''&quot; frae 1997 til 2002.

== Programmin ==

=== Film leebrary ===
televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the &quot;Premiere Films&quot; label an renamed it tae the &quot;Disney Channel Original Movies&quot; (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&amp;cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point.

In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister netwirk, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou.

=== Programmin blocks ===

==== Current ====

* '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as &quot;Mickey Mornings&quot; war lencht, replacin the previous &quot;Disney Junior on Disney Channel&quot; brandin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember.

==== Umwhile ====

* '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle &quot;Disney Nighttime&quot;. The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 5&quot;), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.&lt;/ref&gt; Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.
* '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation.
* '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot; /&gt; The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried &quot;Bonus! Thursday&quot; (or &quot;Bonus!&quot; for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.&lt;/ref&gt; The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot; /&gt; The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot; /&gt;
* '''Totally Kids Only''' (&quot;TKO&quot;; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 2&quot;), April/May 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime childer's programs frae 1995 til 1996.
* '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.&lt;/ref&gt; The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried &quot;Block Party&quot;, thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series&quot;. ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;Block Party&quot; brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.&lt;/ref&gt; This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt;
* '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News &amp; Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt; Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999).  The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot; /&gt; alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period).
* '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war &quot;Zoogs&quot;, whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1998&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war brandit under the umbrella teetle &quot;Zoog Weekendz&quot;. The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&amp;pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Replay''' – &quot;Disney Replay&quot; wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack &amp; Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124020/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend &quot;Throwback Thursday&quot;), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback.
* '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – &quot;Disney XD on Disney Channel&quot; is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel.

=== Bumpers ===
Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sports ===
For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relatit channels an programs ==

=== Current sister channels ===

==== Disney Jr. ====
[[File:2024_Disney_Jr._Logo.svg|thumb|Disney Jr. logo]]
Disney Jr. is a daily mornin program block aimed at fowk in nursery, spiritually succeedin ''Playhouse Disney'' thit wis pit oot on the 6t Apryle 1997, as pairt o Disney Channel's mornin lineup. On the 26t Mey 2010, Disney General Entertainment Content (at the time kent as ''Disney-ABC Television Group'') anooncit the expansion o the block intae a 24/7 cable an satellite channel thit stairtit on the 23rd Mairch 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan&quot; /&gt; The channel wad be advert-free an compete wi ither nursery-skewin cable channels sic as the ''Nick Jr. Channel'' an ''Universal Kids'' (umwhile kent as ''PBS Kids Sprout'' an than ''Sprout'').&lt;ref name=&quot;PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=27 May 2010|title=PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|url-status=live|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625221708/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|archive-date=25 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel featurs programs frae Disney Channel's existin nursery programmin leebrary an films frae the Walt Disney Pictures film leebrary. On its lench, Disney Junior haed taen ower the channel space haud bi ''Soapnet'' – a Disney-awnt cable channel featurin saip operas – due tae that genre's decline in popularity on braidcast television an the growth o video on demand, online streamin an digital video recorders negatin the need for a linear channel devotit tae the saip opera genre. Efter a period whaur cable providers warnae wantin tae drap the netwirk as a hale kept it to stap subscriber cancellations, Soapnet pit a stap tae aw operations on the 31st Disember 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;soapnetdrain&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=James|first=Meg|date=9 November 2013|title=Disney's SOAPnet channel headed for the drain|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306063407/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|archive-date=6 March 2014|access-date=November 10, 2013|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile ''Playhouse Disney'' block on Disney Channel rebrandit as Disney Junior on the 14t Februar 14, alang wi the existin internaitional channels; thay haed thair names shortent tae &quot;Disney Jr.&quot; frae the 1st Julie 2024, awtho it's spelt an pronouncit the same as afore. Disney-ABC Television Group at ae pynt planned tae pit oot a ''Playhouse Disney''-brandit channel in the [[Unitit States]] in 2001, hounaiver it niver happened in maugre o lenchin internaitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=June 25, 2001|title=Play nice now; Walt Disney Co. plans to introduce Playhouse Disney Channel|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034312/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Disney XD ====
[[File:2015_Disney_XD_logo.svg|thumb|Disney XD logo]]
Lenched on the 13t Februar 2009,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=January 7, 2009|title=Disney XD Set to Launch on TV and Online|work=Targeted News Service|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; as the successor tae ''Toon Disney'', Disney XD is a cable an satellite television channel thit was oreeginally aimed at young male audiences aged 6 tae 14, but haes syne includit girls in its programmin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chmielewski|first=Dawn C|date=7 August 2008|title=Enough with the girls, tween boys get their own brand of Disney love|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930193135/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=October 17, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel showcases action an comedy programmin frae Disney Channel an the umwhile ''Jetix'' block frae Toon Disney, alangside some first-run oreeginal programmin an aff-netwirk syndicatit programmes. Disney XD, unlike its sister channels Disney Channel an Disney Junior, operates as an ad-supportit service, seemilar tae its predecessor Toon Disney. The channel cairies the same name as an unrelatit mini-site an media player on ''Disney.com'', thit stuid for ''Disney Xtreme Digital'', tho it is said thit the &quot;XD&quot; in the channel's name haesnae got an actual meanin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 January 2007|title=Disney to offer safe social site for kids|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|url-status=dead|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034420/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|archive-date=24 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umwhile sister channels ===

* '''Toon Disney''' – Lenched on the 18t Apryle 1998, durin the 15t anniversary celebration o the lench o sister netwirk, Disney Channel,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=December 9, 1997|title=Disney Channel to Take Wing of Running 24 Hours of Cartoons|work=Daily News|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034409/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; this channel wis aimed at childer an teenagers atweesh the ages o 6 an 18. The netwirk's main competitors at lench war ''Turner Broadcasting System''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Cartoon Network'' an ''MTV Networks''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ''[[Nickelodeon]]''. Toon Disney stairtit aff as a advert-free service frae its lench until September 1999 whan, unlike Disney Channel, it became ad-supportit. The channel cairied a mix of reruns o animatit productions frae ''Walt Disney Television Animation'' an Disney Channel, alangside some third-party programs frae ither distributors, animatit films an oreeginal programmin. In 2004, the channel introduced a nichttime program block aimed at childer ages 7 tae 14 cawed Jetix, thit featurt action-orientit animatit an live-action series. Durin Toon Disney's first year on the air, Disney Channel ran a sampler block o Toon Disney's programmin on Sunday nichts for interestit subscribers. The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, thit lenched on the 13t Februar 2009, is a channel aimed at childer an aw, an featurs a braider array o programmin, wi a heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
* '''Jetix''' lenched as a programmin block in the Unitit States on ''Toon Disney'' on the 14t Februar 2004, tae compete wi ''Cartoon Network''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Toonami'' block,&lt;ref name=&quot;amag&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Ryan|date=13 February 2004|title=Toon Disney Launches Jetix, Live Card Game|newspaper=[[Animation Magazine]]|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223510/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|archive-date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; an in Europe in Apryle 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2005|title=Postul TV Fox Kids Romania a devenit Jetix Romania|trans-title=Fox Kids Romania TV station becomes Jetix Romania|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-rhiva-1245863-postul-fox-kids-romania-devenit-jetix-romania.htm|access-date=23 December 2014|website=HotNews|location=[[Bucharest]]|language=ro-RO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi the end o 2004, Jetix stairted tae completely replace global ''Fox Kids''-brandit channels, wi the first o thaim bein the French version in August 2004&lt;ref name=&quot;brcl2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=20 August 2004|title=Fox Kids Europe becomes Jetix to appeal to boys|url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/220094/Fox-Kids-Europe-becomes-Jetix-appeal-boys/?HAYILC=RELATED|access-date=23 March 2012|website=Brand Republic}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the last yin bein the German version in Juin 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 December 2006|title=Jetix Europe Financials|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019095445/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2014|access-date=11 January 2022|website=[[Jetix Europe]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, lenchit on the 13t Februar 2009, an featurs heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
** '''Jetix Play''' wis the sister channel tae Jetix an awnt bi its dedicatit company Jetix Europe thit wis braidcast in a wee nummer o regions, sic as Central and Eastern Europe an the [[Middle East]]. The channel wis offeecially pit oot on Januar 1, 2005, an wis available for 12 oor a day frae 6 A.M. til 6 P.M.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 January 2005|title=Jetix Annual Review Report and Financial Statements 2006 PDF|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330105233/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|archive-date=30 March 2007|access-date=23 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jetix Play wis aimed at a younger audience nor the main Jetix channel an mainly shawed archived programmin frae the catalogues o ''BVS Entertainment'' (Umwhile kent as ''Saban Entertainment'') an Fox Kids Europe. Jetix Play wis replaced wi Playhouse Disney an later on Disney Jr. in maist regions bi 2010.
* '''Radio Disney''' wis a radio netwirk aimed thewarts music programming is oriented thewarts childer, pre-teens an teenagers. Lenched on November 18, 1996, the netwirk focused mainly on current hit music an placed a heivy emphasis on talents thit signed with ''Walt Disney Records'' an/or ''Hollywood Records'', the twa record label o ''Disney Music Group''. On the 3rd Disember 2020, the Walt Disney Company annooncit its closure in first quarter o 2021 durin the company's restructurin acteevities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney Shutting Down Amid Restructuring|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114051629/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|archive-date=14 January 2022|access-date=14 January 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Low|first=Elaine|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney, Radio Disney Country to End Operations in Early 2021|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217182129/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|archive-date=17 February 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 14t Apryle 2021, its feeds ceased halely whan its last remeenin terrestrial station wis chynged tae a simulcast o KSPN.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot; /&gt;

=== Production studios ===

==== Disney Television Animation ====
Kent an aw bi its trade name, &quot;'''Disney Channel Animation'''&quot;, it is the television animation production studio diveesion o the Walt Disney Studios an based in Glendale, California, providin oreeginal animatit programmin for the three main Disney-brandit television channels.

==== It's a Laugh Productions ====
A live-action production studio based in Studio City, Los Angeles, [[California]], thit provides oreeginal sitcoms an comedy programs mainly for Disney Channel. In magure bein the prime production soorce o Disney Channel programmss, mony o its projects are still co-produced an financed bi [[the Walt Disney Company]].

==== Walt Disney EMEA Productions ====
'''Walt Disney EMEA Productions Limited''' is the netwirk's European production studio locatit in [[London|Lunnon]], Ingland, thit co-produces oreeginal programs ben Europe alangside ither companies.

==== Disney Original Documentary ====
'''Disney Original Documentary''' is a banner frae Disney Branded Television for documentary-based programs braidcast on Disney Channel an pit oot on Disney+ that wis lenched on the 9t Disember 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=9 December 2021|title=Disney Branded Television Acquires Doc Short 'Sophie &amp; The Baron' As First Title Under Newly Formed Disney Original Documentary Banner|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901015620/https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|archive-date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Media ==

=== Video gemmes ===
In 2010, ''Disney Channel All Star Party'' wis lowsed for the [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Disney Channel All Star Party|work=[[IGN]]|url=https://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710121326/http://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|archive-date=10 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fower-player mascot pairty gemm, whaur the stages resemble board gemmes, featurs chairacters frae Disney Channel programs sic as ''Sonny with a Chance'', ''Wizards of Waverly Place'', an ''JONAS L.A.'' Several video gemms based on the Disney Channel animatit series ''Phineas and Ferb'' war lowsed bi ''Disney Interactive Studios''. The Disney Channel wabsteid featurt various Flash gemms an aw, incorporatin chairacters frae the channel's various program franchises, includin ''[[Kim Possible]]'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]''.

== Internaitional ==
Disney Channel haes established presence in various regions across the Americas, maist o Europe, the Middle East, Africa, [[Indie]], an [[Japan]]. Channel versions/feeds war available or uised tae exist in [[Austrailie|Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[Italy]], the Breetish Isles, Sootheast Asie, [[Hong Kong]], [[Sooth Korea]], [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], [[Spainie]] an [[Brazil]] an aw, but ceased braidcastin frae the early 2020s, wi maist content muivin tae ''Disney+'' or ''Disney+ Hotstar'' efter thair lenches in thae kintras/regions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=Walt Disney to shut down 100 TV channels in 2021: Bob Chapek|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041954/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|archive-date=20 May 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|website=Exchange4Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=2023-06-14|title=Disney to Close Remaining Linear TV Channels in Southeast Asia and Korea|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-closing-tv-channels-southeast-asia-korea-1235643667/|access-date=2024-06-02|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On the 14t Disember 2022, Disney ceased its distreebution o programs in [[Roushie|Rousie]] in respone tae the ongang Russian invasion of Ukraine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel Russia To Stop Broadcasting December 14th|url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203131141/https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|archive-date=3 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-03|website=LaughingPlace.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel to stop broadcasting in Russia from Dec. 14 - Kommersant|language=en|work=Reuters|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203050950/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|archive-date=3 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2022|title=Улетает наш ласковый Микки|trans-title=Our affectionate Mickey is flying away!|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320182819/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|archive-date=March 20, 2023|access-date=December 3, 2022|website=Kommersant|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Russia's Media1 and Disney Channel dissolve their joint-venture|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214134331/https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|archive-date=14 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Disney Channel licenses its programmin tae air on certain ither braidcast an cable channels ootside the Unitit States (umwhile includin ''Family Channel'' in Canada), regairdless o whather or no a localised channel feed awready exists in that kintra.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stub/Televeesion}}

[[Category:1983 establishments]]
[[Category:Televeesion networks]]</text>
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{{Coord|15|25|N|61|20|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Commonweel o Dominica
|native_name = 
|common_name = Dominica
|image_flag = Flag of Dominica.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Dominica.svg
|image_map = Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=circled in reid |region=the [[Caribbean]] |region_color=licht yellae}}
|image_map2 = Dominica - Location Map (2013) - DMA - UNOCHA.svg
|map2_width=250px
|national_motto = &quot;Apres Bondie, C'est La Ter&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms Dominica -- Coat of Arms]&lt;/ref&gt; {{small|([[Kwéyòl]])}} &quot;Post deum terra est &quot;{{small| ([[Laitin]])}} (&quot;Efter God is the yird&quot;)
|national_anthem = ''[[Isle o Beauty, Isle o Splendour]]''&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Dominica by US Navy Band.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
|languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular&lt;br/&gt;leid]]s
| languages = [[Dominican Creole French|Kwéyòl]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Island Carib leid|Island Carib]]
|demonym = [[Demografics o Dominica|Dominican]]
|ethnic_groups= {{unbulleted list| {{nowrap|85% [[Afro-Dominican (Dominica)|Black]]}} | 10% Mixed | {{nowrap|3.5% [[Kalinago]]}} |  0.8% European |  0.7% others }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html |title=Dominica Ethnic groups 2001 Census |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-09-29 |archive-date=2016-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130092354/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|capital = [[Roseau]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|15|18|N|61|23|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[pairlamentary republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Leet o Preses o Dominica|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = Sylvanie Burton
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Dominica|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = Roosevelt Skerrit
|legislature = [[Hoose o Assembly o Dominica|Hoose o Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
|established_event1 = [[Associated Statehood Act 1967|Associatit State]]
|established_date1 = 1 Mairch 1967
|established_event2 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
|established_date2 = 3 November 1978
|area_rank = 184th
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_km2 = 750
|area_sq_mi = 290 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.6
|population_estimate = 72,660
|population_estimate_rank = 195t
|population_estimate_year = Julie 2009
|population_census = 72,324
|population_census_year = 2016
|population_density_km2 = 105
|population_awesomness = 55

|notable Dominicans = internationally renowned painter Shadrach Burton

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=8&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CEIQFjAHahUKEwjL_NePtpHIAhWCVD4KHU_BBz0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-warning-the-world.net%2F%23!dominica--shadrach-burton%2Fc19x0&amp;usg=AFQjCNFB6sq93xqX9I44bgu5edlZj7TbWw&amp;sig2=fT8PyVS2wjWjkx8yVDGcYw}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=5&amp;ved=0CDMQFjAEahUKEwjL_NePtpHIAhWCVD4KHU_BBz0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domnitjen.com%2Fcovers%2Fartists%2Fsburton.html&amp;usg=AFQjCNEiP-ryCL-av72t7IHKH3jJ0hAKkA&amp;sig2=pyyUO-RhuZadQlhTkschIg&amp;cad=rja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 272 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 95t
|GDP_PPP = $1.002 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=54&amp;pr.y=7&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=321&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Dominica |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2013-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $14,166&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal = $497 million&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2012
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,022&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|Gini_year = |Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; |Gini =  &lt;!--number only--&gt; |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2014&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.724 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report  |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 94th
|currency = [[East Caribbean dollar]]
|currency_code = XCD
|country_code = 
|time_zone = [[Eastren Caribbean Time Zone|Eastren Caribbean]]
|utc_offset = –4
|drives_on = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic|left]]
|calling_code = [[Aurie code 767|+1-767]]
|cctld = [[.dm]]
|footnote_a = &lt;!--Orphaned: Rank based on 2005 UN estimate.--&gt;
}}
[[File:Dominica, administrative divisions - en - monochrome.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''Dominica''', ({{pronEng|ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə}} {{respell|DOM|i|NEE|kə}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d202/Dominica |title=English Pronunciation Guide to the Names of People, Places, and Stuff - How to pronounce Dominica |publisher=inogolo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-09 |archive-date=2011-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511052623/http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d202/Dominica |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-fr|Dominique}}) offeecially the '''Commonweel o Dominica''', is an [[island naition]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]]. Tae the north-northwast lies [[Guadeloupe]], tae the sootheast [[Martinique]]. Its size is 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) an the heichest pynt in the kintra is [[Morne Diablotins]], which haes an elevation o 1,447 metres (4,747&amp;nbsp;ft). The Commonweelt o Dominica haes an estimatit population o 72,500. The caipital is [[Roseau]].

Dominica haes been nicknamed the &quot;Nature Isle o the Caribbean&quot; for its seemingly unspoiled naitural beauty. It is the yungest island in the [[Lesser Antilles]], still bein formed bi [[Geothermal (geology)|geothermal]]-[[volcano|volcanic]] activity, as evidenced bi the warld's seicont-lairgest [[boilin lake]]. The island features lush muntainous [[rainforests]], hame o mony rare plant, ainimal, an bird species. Thare are [[xeric]] auries in some o the wastren coastal regions, but hivy rainfall can be expectit inland. The [[Imperial Amazon|Sisserou Parrot]] (cried the Imperial Amazon an aa), the island's naitional bird, is featurt on the [[Banner o Dominica|naitional banner]]. Dominica's economy is hivily dependent on baith tourism an agricultur.

=== Gallarie ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Soufrière Bay, Dominica 010.jpg|Soufrière Bay, Dominica
File:Produce Market, Roseau, Dominica 4.jpg|Mercat, Roseau, Dominica
File:Windsor Park redevelopment .jpg|Windsor Park, Roseau
File:African Baobab (46975193612).jpg|Dominica Botanical gairdens
File:The Dominica Museum.jpg|Dominica Museum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dominica Museum|url=https://www.commonwealthwalkway.com/place/dominica-museum/|access-date=2022-09-06|website=Commonwealth Walkway Trust|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702083604/https://www.commonwealthwalkway.com/place/dominica-museum/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Roseau - Neg mawon emancipation monument.jpg|Neg mawon emancipation moniment
File:Morne Bruce Cross (40067453943).jpg|Morne Bruce Cross
File:Fort Young Hotel.jpg|Fort Young Hotel
File:Morne Bruce Gun (46985608102).jpg|Morne Bruce Garrison&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morne Bruce Garrison Historical Marker|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=135344|access-date=2022-09-06|website=www.hmdb.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Roseau - State House (8760066984).jpg|Presidential pailace
File:Our Lady of Fair Haven Cathedral - panoramio (1).jpg|Our Lady of Fair Haven Cathedral
File:Saint George Anglican Church (32068292147).jpg|Saint George Anglican Church
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;!-- Please translate. --&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Member states o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1978]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]


{{Stub/NorthAm}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921734</id>
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      <text bytes="8334" sha1="om5rcszxvebs18nctznb0i7d2v2acik" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

{{Coord|15|25|N|61|20|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox kintra
|conventional_long_name = Commonweel o Dominica
|native_name = 
|common_name = Dominica
|image_flag = Flag of Dominica.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Dominica.svg
|image_map = Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=circled in reid |region=the [[Caribbean]] |region_color=licht yellae}}
|image_map2 = Dominica - Location Map (2013) - DMA - UNOCHA.svg
|map2_width=250px
|national_motto = &quot;Apres Bondie, C'est La Ter&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms Dominica -- Coat of Arms]&lt;/ref&gt; {{small|([[Kwéyòl]])}} &quot;Post deum terra est &quot;{{small| ([[Laitin]])}} (&quot;Efter God is the yird&quot;)
|national_anthem = ''[[Isle o Beauty, Isle o Splendour]]''&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Dominica by US Navy Band.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
|languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular&lt;br/&gt;leid]]s
| languages = [[Dominican Creole French|Kwéyòl]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Island Carib leid|Island Carib]]
|demonym = [[Demografics o Dominica|Dominican]]
|ethnic_groups= {{unbulleted list| {{nowrap|85% [[Afro-Dominican (Dominica)|Black]]}} | 10% Mixed | {{nowrap|3.5% [[Kalinago]]}} |  0.8% European |  0.7% others }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html |title=Dominica Ethnic groups 2001 Census |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-09-29 |archive-date=2016-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130092354/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|capital = [[Roseau]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|15|18|N|61|23|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[pairlamentary republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Leet o Preses o Dominica|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = Sylvanie Burton
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Dominica|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = Roosevelt Skerrit
|legislature = [[Hoose o Assembly o Dominica|Hoose o Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
|established_event1 = [[Associated Statehood Act 1967|Associatit State]]
|established_date1 = 1 Mairch 1967
|established_event2 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
|established_date2 = 3 November 1978
|area_rank = 184th
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_km2 = 750
|area_sq_mi = 290 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.6
|population_estimate = 72,660
|population_estimate_rank = 195t
|population_estimate_year = Julie 2009
|population_census = 72,324
|population_census_year = 2016
|population_density_km2 = 105
|population_awesomness = 55

|notable Dominicans = internationally renowned painter Shadrach Burton

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=8&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CEIQFjAHahUKEwjL_NePtpHIAhWCVD4KHU_BBz0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-warning-the-world.net%2F%23!dominica--shadrach-burton%2Fc19x0&amp;usg=AFQjCNFB6sq93xqX9I44bgu5edlZj7TbWw&amp;sig2=fT8PyVS2wjWjkx8yVDGcYw}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=5&amp;ved=0CDMQFjAEahUKEwjL_NePtpHIAhWCVD4KHU_BBz0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domnitjen.com%2Fcovers%2Fartists%2Fsburton.html&amp;usg=AFQjCNEiP-ryCL-av72t7IHKH3jJ0hAKkA&amp;sig2=pyyUO-RhuZadQlhTkschIg&amp;cad=rja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 272 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 95t
|GDP_PPP = $1.002 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=54&amp;pr.y=7&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=321&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Dominica |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2013-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $14,166&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal = $497 million&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2012
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,022&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|Gini_year = |Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; |Gini =  &lt;!--number only--&gt; |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2014&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.724 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report  |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 94th
|currency = [[East Caribbean dollar]]
|currency_code = XCD
|country_code = 
|time_zone = [[Eastren Caribbean Time Zone|Eastren Caribbean]]
|utc_offset = –4
|drives_on = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic|left]]
|calling_code = [[Aurie code 767|+1-767]]
|cctld = [[.dm]]
|footnote_a = &lt;!--Orphaned: Rank based on 2005 UN estimate.--&gt;
}}
[[File:Dominica, administrative divisions - en - monochrome.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''Dominica''', ({{pronEng|ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə}} {{respell|DOM|i|NEE|kə}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d202/Dominica |title=English Pronunciation Guide to the Names of People, Places, and Stuff - How to pronounce Dominica |publisher=inogolo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-09 |archive-date=2011-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511052623/http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d202/Dominica |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-fr|Dominique}}) offeecially the '''Commonweel o Dominica''', is an [[island naition]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]]. Tae the north-northwast lies [[Guadeloupe]], tae the sootheast [[Martinique]]. Its size is 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) an the heichest pynt in the kintra is [[Morne Diablotins]], which haes an elevation o 1,447 metres (4,747&amp;nbsp;ft). The Commonweelt o Dominica haes an estimatit population o 72,500. The caipital is [[Roseau]].

Dominica haes been nicknamed the &quot;Nature Isle o the Caribbean&quot; for its seemingly unspoiled naitural beauty. It is the yungest island in the [[Lesser Antilles]], still bein formed bi [[Geothermal (geology)|geothermal]]-[[volcano|volcanic]] activity, as evidenced bi the warld's seicont-lairgest [[boilin lake]]. The island features lush muntainous [[rainforests]], hame o mony rare plant, ainimal, an bird species. Thare are [[xeric]] auries in some o the wastren coastal regions, but hivy rainfall can be expectit inland. The [[Imperial Amazon|Sisserou Parrot]] (cried the Imperial Amazon an aa), the island's naitional bird, is featurt on the [[Banner o Dominica|naitional banner]]. Dominica's economy is hivily dependent on baith tourism an agricultur.

=== Gallarie ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Soufrière Bay, Dominica 010.jpg|Soufrière Bay, Dominica
File:Produce Market, Roseau, Dominica 4.jpg|Mercat, Roseau, Dominica
File:Windsor Park redevelopment .jpg|Windsor Park, Roseau
File:African Baobab (46975193612).jpg|Dominica Botanical gairdens
File:The Dominica Museum.jpg|Dominica Museum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dominica Museum|url=https://www.commonwealthwalkway.com/place/dominica-museum/|access-date=2022-09-06|website=Commonwealth Walkway Trust|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702083604/https://www.commonwealthwalkway.com/place/dominica-museum/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Roseau - Neg mawon emancipation monument.jpg|Neg mawon emancipation moniment
File:Morne Bruce Cross (40067453943).jpg|Morne Bruce Cross
File:Fort Young Hotel.jpg|Fort Young Hotel
File:Morne Bruce Gun (46985608102).jpg|Morne Bruce Garrison&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morne Bruce Garrison Historical Marker|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=135344|access-date=2022-09-06|website=www.hmdb.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Roseau - State House (8760066984).jpg|Presidential pailace
File:Our Lady of Fair Haven Cathedral - panoramio (1).jpg|Our Lady of Fair Haven Cathedral
File:Saint George Anglican Church (32068292147).jpg|Saint George Anglican Church
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;!-- Please translate. --&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Member states o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1978]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]


{{Stub/NorthAm}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921735</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:37:34Z</timestamp>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="8318" sha1="64gjf0fa6tjpu8vg113k3xp9pg5cjbt" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

{{Coord|15|25|N|61|20|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox kintra
|conventional_long_name = Commonweel o Dominica
|common_name = Dominica
|image_flag = Flag of Dominica.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Dominica.svg
|image_map = Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=circled in reid |region=the [[Caribbean]] |region_color=licht yellae}}
|image_map2 = Dominica - Location Map (2013) - DMA - UNOCHA.svg
|map2_width=250px
|national_motto = &quot;Apres Bondie, C'est La Ter&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dominica.gov.dm/about-dominica/national-symbols/coat-of-arms Dominica -- Coat of Arms]&lt;/ref&gt; {{small|([[Kwéyòl]])}} &quot;Post deum terra est &quot;{{small| ([[Laitin]])}} (&quot;Efter God is the yird&quot;)
|national_anthem = ''[[Isle o Beauty, Isle o Splendour]]''&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Dominica by US Navy Band.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
|languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular&lt;br/&gt;leid]]s
| languages = [[Dominican Creole French|Kwéyòl]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Island Carib leid|Island Carib]]
|demonym = [[Demografics o Dominica|Dominican]]
|ethnic_groups= {{unbulleted list| {{nowrap|85% [[Afro-Dominican (Dominica)|Black]]}} | 10% Mixed | {{nowrap|3.5% [[Kalinago]]}} |  0.8% European |  0.7% others }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html |title=Dominica Ethnic groups 2001 Census |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-09-29 |archive-date=2016-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130092354/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|capital = [[Roseau]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|15|18|N|61|23|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[pairlamentary republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Leet o Preses o Dominica|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = Sylvanie Burton
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Dominica|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = Roosevelt Skerrit
|legislature = [[Hoose o Assembly o Dominica|Hoose o Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
|established_event1 = [[Associated Statehood Act 1967|Associatit State]]
|established_date1 = 1 Mairch 1967
|established_event2 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
|established_date2 = 3 November 1978
|area_rank = 184th
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_km2 = 750
|area_sq_mi = 290 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.6
|population_estimate = 72,660
|population_estimate_rank = 195t
|population_estimate_year = Julie 2009
|population_census = 72,324
|population_census_year = 2016
|population_density_km2 = 105
|population_awesomness = 55

|notable Dominicans = internationally renowned painter Shadrach Burton

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=8&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CEIQFjAHahUKEwjL_NePtpHIAhWCVD4KHU_BBz0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-warning-the-world.net%2F%23!dominica--shadrach-burton%2Fc19x0&amp;usg=AFQjCNFB6sq93xqX9I44bgu5edlZj7TbWw&amp;sig2=fT8PyVS2wjWjkx8yVDGcYw}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=5&amp;ved=0CDMQFjAEahUKEwjL_NePtpHIAhWCVD4KHU_BBz0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domnitjen.com%2Fcovers%2Fartists%2Fsburton.html&amp;usg=AFQjCNEiP-ryCL-av72t7IHKH3jJ0hAKkA&amp;sig2=pyyUO-RhuZadQlhTkschIg&amp;cad=rja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 272 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 95t
|GDP_PPP = $1.002 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=54&amp;pr.y=7&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=321&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Dominica |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2013-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $14,166&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal = $497 million&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2012
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,022&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|Gini_year = |Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; |Gini =  &lt;!--number only--&gt; |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2014&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.724 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report  |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 94th
|currency = [[East Caribbean dollar]]
|currency_code = XCD
|country_code = 
|time_zone = [[Eastren Caribbean Time Zone|Eastren Caribbean]]
|utc_offset = –4
|drives_on = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic|left]]
|calling_code = [[Aurie code 767|+1-767]]
|cctld = [[.dm]]
|footnote_a = &lt;!--Orphaned: Rank based on 2005 UN estimate.--&gt;
}}
[[File:Dominica, administrative divisions - en - monochrome.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''Dominica''', ({{pronEng|ˌdɒmɪˈniːkə}} {{respell|DOM|i|NEE|kə}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d202/Dominica |title=English Pronunciation Guide to the Names of People, Places, and Stuff - How to pronounce Dominica |publisher=inogolo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-09 |archive-date=2011-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511052623/http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/d202/Dominica |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-fr|Dominique}}) offeecially the '''Commonweel o Dominica''', is an [[island naition]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]]. Tae the north-northwast lies [[Guadeloupe]], tae the sootheast [[Martinique]]. Its size is 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) an the heichest pynt in the kintra is [[Morne Diablotins]], which haes an elevation o 1,447 metres (4,747&amp;nbsp;ft). The Commonweelt o Dominica haes an estimatit population o 72,500. The caipital is [[Roseau]].

Dominica haes been nicknamed the &quot;Nature Isle o the Caribbean&quot; for its seemingly unspoiled naitural beauty. It is the yungest island in the [[Lesser Antilles]], still bein formed bi [[Geothermal (geology)|geothermal]]-[[volcano|volcanic]] activity, as evidenced bi the warld's seicont-lairgest [[boilin lake]]. The island features lush muntainous [[rainforests]], hame o mony rare plant, ainimal, an bird species. Thare are [[xeric]] auries in some o the wastren coastal regions, but hivy rainfall can be expectit inland. The [[Imperial Amazon|Sisserou Parrot]] (cried the Imperial Amazon an aa), the island's naitional bird, is featurt on the [[Banner o Dominica|naitional banner]]. Dominica's economy is hivily dependent on baith tourism an agricultur.

=== Gallarie ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Soufrière Bay, Dominica 010.jpg|Soufrière Bay, Dominica
File:Produce Market, Roseau, Dominica 4.jpg|Mercat, Roseau, Dominica
File:Windsor Park redevelopment .jpg|Windsor Park, Roseau
File:African Baobab (46975193612).jpg|Dominica Botanical gairdens
File:The Dominica Museum.jpg|Dominica Museum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dominica Museum|url=https://www.commonwealthwalkway.com/place/dominica-museum/|access-date=2022-09-06|website=Commonwealth Walkway Trust|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702083604/https://www.commonwealthwalkway.com/place/dominica-museum/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Roseau - Neg mawon emancipation monument.jpg|Neg mawon emancipation moniment
File:Morne Bruce Cross (40067453943).jpg|Morne Bruce Cross
File:Fort Young Hotel.jpg|Fort Young Hotel
File:Morne Bruce Gun (46985608102).jpg|Morne Bruce Garrison&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morne Bruce Garrison Historical Marker|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=135344|access-date=2022-09-06|website=www.hmdb.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Roseau - State House (8760066984).jpg|Presidential pailace
File:Our Lady of Fair Haven Cathedral - panoramio (1).jpg|Our Lady of Fair Haven Cathedral
File:Saint George Anglican Church (32068292147).jpg|Saint George Anglican Church
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;!-- Please translate. --&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Member states o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1978]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]


{{Stub/NorthAm}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Franz Ferdinand (baund)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>921382</id>
      <parentid>901819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:09:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive reid links</comment>
      <origin>921382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1773" sha1="9x1jnzu4ee3wdsa8fbjygzjjzdiypun" xml:space="preserve">{{Oot o date}}
[[File:Franz Ferdinand - O2 Academy Brixton - Saturday 24th February 2018 FranzFBrixton240218-38 (26699814248).jpg|thumb|2018]]
'''Franz Ferdinand''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] indie rock baund frae [[Glesca]]. The baund's début album, itsel cried ''Franz Ferdinand'', cam oot in [[2004]] an débuted on the [[Unitit Kinrick|UK]] album chairts at nummer three, winnin the 2004 Mercury Muisic Prize.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/interviews/franz-ferdinand-the-heathers-on-fire |title=Franz Ferdinand: The Heather's On Fire |first=Gillian |last=Watson |date=2 Oct 2009 |work=The Skinny |accessdate=31 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Up tae nou, the baund haes pit oot seeven singles; &quot;Take Me Out&quot;, &quot;The Dark of the Matinée&quot; an &quot;Do You Want To&quot; wis tap ten hits in the UK. Thay wis influenced bi [[1980s]] post-punk, garage rock an new wave.

== Memmers ==
As o 2006, Franz Ferdinand is made up o:
* Alexander Kapranos ([[singin|lead vocals]], [[guitar]])
* Robert Hardy ([[bass guitar]])
* Nicholas McCarthy ([[guitar]], keybuird, backin vocals)
* Paul Thomson (drums, backin vocals)

=== Support memmers ===
* Andy Knowles (keybuird/seicont drummer) — Andy haesna been featurt on an album yet, but he's played monie live shaws an wis in the video for Walk Away forby.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://franzferdinand.com/ Franz Ferdinand's offeecial wabsteid]
* [http://www.franzferdinand.tv/ Franz Ferdinand's offeecial muisic label wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605235330/http://www.franzferdinand.tv/ |date=2008-06-05 }}

{{Commonscat|Franz Ferdinand (band)}}

[[Category:Scots fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Scots muisical groups]]


{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
      <sha1>9x1jnzu4ee3wdsa8fbjygzjjzdiypun</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921383</id>
      <parentid>921382</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:2000s in Glesga]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921383</origin>
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      <text bytes="1802" sha1="j5eye21qo02rhubxy2mbamile3qxfcx" xml:space="preserve">{{Oot o date}}
[[File:Franz Ferdinand - O2 Academy Brixton - Saturday 24th February 2018 FranzFBrixton240218-38 (26699814248).jpg|thumb|2018]]
'''Franz Ferdinand''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] indie rock baund frae [[Glesca]]. The baund's début album, itsel cried ''Franz Ferdinand'', cam oot in [[2004]] an débuted on the [[Unitit Kinrick|UK]] album chairts at nummer three, winnin the 2004 Mercury Muisic Prize.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/interviews/franz-ferdinand-the-heathers-on-fire |title=Franz Ferdinand: The Heather's On Fire |first=Gillian |last=Watson |date=2 Oct 2009 |work=The Skinny |accessdate=31 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Up tae nou, the baund haes pit oot seeven singles; &quot;Take Me Out&quot;, &quot;The Dark of the Matinée&quot; an &quot;Do You Want To&quot; wis tap ten hits in the UK. Thay wis influenced bi [[1980s]] post-punk, garage rock an new wave.

== Memmers ==
As o 2006, Franz Ferdinand is made up o:
* Alexander Kapranos ([[singin|lead vocals]], [[guitar]])
* Robert Hardy ([[bass guitar]])
* Nicholas McCarthy ([[guitar]], keybuird, backin vocals)
* Paul Thomson (drums, backin vocals)

=== Support memmers ===
* Andy Knowles (keybuird/seicont drummer) — Andy haesna been featurt on an album yet, but he's played monie live shaws an wis in the video for Walk Away forby.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://franzferdinand.com/ Franz Ferdinand's offeecial wabsteid]
* [http://www.franzferdinand.tv/ Franz Ferdinand's offeecial muisic label wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605235330/http://www.franzferdinand.tv/ |date=2008-06-05 }}

{{Commonscat|Franz Ferdinand (band)}}

[[Category:Scots fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Scots muisical groups]]
[[Category:2000s in Glesga]]


{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wii</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5578</id>
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      <id>921473</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:03:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12558" sha1="jo9swm8ryd5a1fredsrt6uzsefjvkb4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox information appliance
| logo         = Wii.svg
| logo_size    = 110px
| logo_alt     = Wii logo
| image        = Wii-console.jpg
| image_size   = 260px
| alt          = Wii with Wii Remote
| caption      = Oreeginal Wii console wi [[Wii Remote]]
| aka          = Revolution &lt;small&gt;(code name)&lt;/small&gt;
| developer    = [[Nintendo]]
| manufacturer = [[Foxconn]]
| type         = [[Hame video gemme console]]
| generation   = [[Seivent generation o video gemme consoles|Seivent generation]]
| lifespan     = 2006–2013 &lt;small&gt;(oreeginal model)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2011–present &lt;small&gt;(Wii Family Edition)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2012–present &lt;small&gt;(Wii Mini)&lt;/small&gt;
| discontinued = '''Wii (overall)'''{{vgrelease|JP|October 20, 2013&lt;ref name=engadget-discontinue&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/20/nintendo-stops-selling-wii-consoles-in-japan/|publisher=[[Engadget]]|date=October 20, 2013|accessdate=October 20, 2013|author=Jon Fingas|title=Nintendo stops selling Wii consoles in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=GSJapOnly&gt;{{cite web|last=Makuch |first=Eddie |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/wii-discontinuation-in-japan-won-t-affect-availability-in-united-states/1100-6415717/ |title=Wii discontinuation in Japan won't affect availability in United States |publisher=GameSpot |date=October 22, 2013 |accessdate=October 24, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
'''Wii (original model)'''{{vgrelease|NA|October 2011|EU|November 2011|AUS|Bigblacksmellycheesywetslipperydoormat2011|JP|October 20, 2013}}
'''Wii Family Edition'''{{vgrelease|EU|October 20, 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;mcvuk1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Parfitt |first=Ben |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/time-also-called-on-wii-in-europe/0123162 |title=Time also called on Wii in Europe &amp;#124; Games industry news &amp;#124; MCV |publisher=Mcvuk.com |date=October 24, 2013 |accessdate=October 25, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| media        = {{collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left|title=Pheesical an digital|
* [[Wii Optical Disc]]
* [[GameCube Game Disc]]
* [[Digital distribution in video gemmes|Digital distribution]] &lt;small&gt;([[Wii Shop Channel]])&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| os           = [[Wii seestem software]]
| cpu          = 729&amp;nbsp;MHz [[IBM]] [[PowerPC]] &quot;[[Broadway (microprocessor)|Broadway]]&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wii: The Total Story&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wii.ign.com/launchguide/hardware1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218073811/http://wii.ign.com/launchguide/hardware1.html|archivedate=December 18, 2006|title=Wii: The Total Story|accessdate=November 20, 2006|publisher=IGN}} {{Cite web |url=http://wii.ign.com/launchguide/hardware1.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-06-01 |archive-date=2006-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028073931/http://wii.ign.com/launchguide/hardware1.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| memory       = 88&amp;nbsp;[[Megabyte|MB]] (total), 24&amp;nbsp;MB MoSys 1T-SRAM, 324&amp;nbsp;MHz, 2.7GB/s bandwidth
| storage      = 512&amp;nbsp;MB Internal [[flash memory]]
| memory card  = [[Secure Digital|SD]]/[[SDHC]] card&lt;br /&gt;[[GameCube Memory Card]]
| display      = {{collapsible list| title=Video output formats|
* [[Composite video]] &lt;small&gt;([[480i]], [[576i]]&amp;nbsp;(PAL))&lt;/small&gt;
* [[S-Video]] &lt;small&gt;(480i&amp;nbsp;(NTSC consoles anerly))&lt;/small&gt;
* RGB&amp;nbsp;[[SCART]] &lt;small&gt;(576i&amp;nbsp;(PAL consoles anerly))&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Component video]] ([[YPbPr|{{YPbPr}}]]) &lt;small&gt;(480i, 576i&amp;nbsp;(PAL), [[480p]])&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| controllers  = [[Wii Remote]] ([[Wii Remote Plus|Plus]]), [[Wii Balance Board]], [[Nintendo GameCube controller]], [[Nintendo DS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;connectivity returns&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Gantayat|first=Anoop|date=June 7, 2006|url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/711/711657p1.html|title=Connectivity Returns|publisher=IGN|accessdate=June 7, 2006|archive-date=2012-08-04|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69fwCYFLF?url=http://wii.ign.com/articles/711/711657p1.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| connectivity = [[Wi-Fi]] [[IEEE 802.11]] [[IEEE 802.11b-1999|b]]/[[IEEE 802.11g-2003|g]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bluetooth]]&lt;br /&gt;2 × [[Universal Serial Bus|USB 2.0]]&lt;ref name=1upspec&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3154939|title=Wii Get It Now: Technical Specs from 1UP.com|publisher=1up.com|accessdate=May 2, 2008|last=McDonough|first=Amy|archive-date=2016-05-22|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522225319/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3154939|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Local area network|LAN]] Adapter (via USB)
| compatibility= [[GameCube]] &lt;small&gt;(first model anerly)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;!-- Hardware compatibility only. Do not list Virtual Console as &quot;compatible&quot;. Actual compatibility is with physical media, not emulated software. --&gt;
| predecessor  = GameCube&lt;!-- Stop linking this. It is already linked above. See [[WP:MOS]] for more info. --&gt;
| successor    = [[Wii U]]
| title        = Wii
| releasedate  = {{collapsible list| title=November 19, 2006|
'''Wii'''
{{vgrelease|NA|November 19, 2006&lt;ref name=NArelease&gt;{{cite web|first1=Kathleen|last1=Sanders|first2=Matt|last2=Casamassina|url=http://ign.com/articles/2006/09/14/us-wii-price-launch-date-revealed|title=US Wii Price, Launch Date Revealed|publisher=IGN|date=September 13, 2006|accessdate=January 17, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|JP|December 2, 2006&lt;ref name=JPrelease&gt;{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Kathleen|title=Japanese Wii Price, Release Date Revealed|url=http://ign.com/articles/2006/09/14/japanese-wii-price-release-date-revealed|website=IGN|accessdate=January 17, 2015|date=September 13, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;|AUS|December 7, 2006&lt;ref name=AUSrelease&gt;{{cite web|author1=Nintendo Australia|title=Wii Australian Details|url=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/pr/12068/wii-australian-details|website=Nintendo World Report|accessdate=January 17, 2015|date=September 15, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;|EU|December 8, 2006&lt;ref name=EUrelease&gt;{{cite web|author1=Nintendo of Europe|title=Europe Gets Wii Last|url=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/pr/12069/europe-gets-wii-last|website=Nintendo World Report|accessdate=January 17, 2015|date=September 15, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
'''[[#Family Edition|Wii Family Edition]]'''
{{vgrelease|NA|October 23, 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=New black Wii bundle includes Mario CD |url=http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/31328/newsnew-black-wii-bundle-includes-mario-cd/ |work=[[Nintendo]] |accessdate=November 23, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114130448/http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/31328/newsnew-black-wii-bundle-includes-mario-cd/ |archivedate=2011-11-14 |df= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|EU|November 4, 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nintendo launches Wii Family Edition on 4th November and Wii Fit Plus bundle on 2nd December|url=https://www.nintendo.co.uk/NOE/en_GB/news/2011/45337.html|work=[[Nintendo]]|accessdate=November 23, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;|AUS|November 11, 2011}}
'''[[#Wii Mini|Wii Mini]]'''
{{vgrelease|CAN|December 7, 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;NinWiiMini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/ONIEEqvK1pbPyTbW2lWO6QnPUiqqvuuI|title=Nintendo introduces Wii Mini that's all about games|publisher=Nintendo of Canada|date=November 22, 2012|accessdate=November 27, 2012|archive-date=2018-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810074012/https://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/ONIEEqvK1pbPyTbW2lWO6QnPUiqqvuuI|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|EU|March 22, 2013&lt;ref name=EUmini&gt;{{cite web|last1=Reynolds|first1=Matthew|title=Wii Mini confirmed for Europe, launching next month|url=http://www.digitalspy.com.au/gaming/news/a461694/wii-mini-confirmed-for-europe-launching-next-month.html|website=Digital Spy|accessdate=January 17, 2015|date=February 26, 2013|archive-date=2015-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907235732/http://www.digitalspy.com.au/gaming/news/a461694/wii-mini-confirmed-for-europe-launching-next-month.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|USA|November 17, 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;USmini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Wii mini Official Site - Buy Now|url=https://www.nintendo.com/wiimini/buynow/|publisher=Nintendo|accessdate=November 7, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107012351/https://www.nintendo.com/wiimini/buynow/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}
| price        = {{ubl|[[Unitit States dollar|US$]]249.99|[[Japanese yen|JP¥]]25,000|[[Poond sterling|£]]179.99|[[Australie dollar|AU$]]399.95}}&lt;small&gt;([[Wii launch#Release dates an pricin|details]])&lt;/small&gt;
| unitssold    = Warldwide: 101.63&amp;nbsp;million &lt;small&gt;({{as of|2016|03|31|lc=y|df=US}})&lt;/small&gt;&lt;!--&lt;ref name=&quot;nintendosales&quot;/&gt;--&gt;&lt;!-- SEE DISCUSSION PAGE ON SALES NUMBER --&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Wii#Seestem Sales|details]])&lt;/small&gt;
| unitsshipped = 
| GPU          = 243&amp;nbsp;MHz [[ATI Technologies|ATI]] [[Hollywood (graphics chip)|&quot;Hollywood&quot;]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wii: The Total Story&quot; /&gt;
| service      = [[Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection]] &lt;small&gt;(closed Mey 20, 2014)&lt;/small&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.com/consumer/network/en_na/network_status.jsp|title=- Nintendo - Current Network Status| accessdate=December 5, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/vyWpoM6CBIe6FjW8NIY7bvzOrgBURhzw|title=Nintendo|work=Nintendo.com|accessdate=December 5, 2014|archive-date=2019-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119041342/https://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/vyWpoM6CBIe6FjW8NIY7bvzOrgBURhzw|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[WiiConnect24]] &lt;small&gt;(closed Juin 28, 2013)&lt;/small&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2013/04/nintendo_to_pull_the_plug_on_several_online_wii_channels|title=Nintendo to Pull the Plug on Several Online Wii Channels|author=Nintendo Life|work=Nintendo Life|accessdate=December 5, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Wii Shop Channel]]&lt;!-- As quoted by Iwata, &quot;Using a design called WiiConnect24, the console automatically enters standby mode without the fan running, but still operating key functions.&quot; This does not at all say that the online service itself is WiiConnect24. --&gt;
| topgame      = ''[[Wii Sports]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Pack-in gemme|pack-in]], except in Japan an Sooth Korea)&lt;/small&gt; 82.78&amp;nbsp;million &lt;small&gt;({{as of|2016|03|31|lc=y|df=US}})&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/en/sales/software/wii.html|title=IR Information : Sales Data - Top Selling Software Sales Units - Wii Software|work=Nintendo Co., Ltd.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt; ''[[Mario Kart Wii]]'', 36.75&amp;nbsp;million &lt;small&gt;({{as of|2016|03|31|lc=y|df=US}})&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=wiim15&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/en/sales/software/wii.html |title=Top Selling Software Sales Units|date=March 31, 2015 |publisher=Nintendo Co., Ltd. |accessdate=May 24, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

The '''Wii''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|iː}} {{Respell|WEE|'}}) is a [[hame video gemme console]] released bi [[Nintendo]] on 19 November 2006. As a seivent-generation console, the Wii competit wi [[Microsoft]]'s [[Xbox 360]] an [[Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony]]'s [[PlayStation 3]]. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that o the twa ithers.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA Today&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url= http://www.usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-08-14-nintendo-qa_x.htm|title=Nintendo hopes Wii spells wiinner|accessdate=August 16, 2006|date =August 15, 2006|publisher=[[USA Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{as of|2012|alt=As of the first quarter of 2012}}, the Wii leads its generation ower PlayStation 3 an Xbox 360 in warldwide sales,&lt;ref name=&quot;earnings release Q3 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Consolidated Financial Highlights |url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2009/091029e.pdf#page=9 |publisher=Nintendo |format=PDF |page=9 |date=October 29, 2009 |accessdate=October 29, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi mair nor 101&amp;nbsp;million units sauld; in Dizember 2009, the console breuk the sales record for a single month in the Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;NPD: Wii, DS Sales Topped Seven Million In December&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title= Wii and DS thrash competition in US News |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/wii-and-ds-thrash-competition-in-us|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|date=January 14, 2010|accessdate=January 14, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wii| ]]
[[Category:Nintendo consoles]]
[[Category:Backwart-compatible video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Hame video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Power Architecture]]
[[Category:Seivent-generation video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Wii hardware| ]]
[[Category:2000s in video gemmin]]
[[Category:2010s in video gemmin]]
[[Category:2000s toys]]
[[Category:2010s toys]]
[[Category:Nintendo toys]]
[[Category:2006 in video gemmin]]&lt;!--introduction--&gt;
[[Category:2006 introductions]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2006]]
[[Category:Products an services disconteena'd in 2017]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kinrick o Great Breetain</title>
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      <text bytes="2644" sha1="oyiu7z9eusq3gj100zezz8oktljhkiq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg|thumb|right|The Banner o Great Breetain]]
[[File:Great Britain 1789.svg|thumb|The Kinrick o Great Breetain aff the coast o Europe]]
The '''Unitit''' '''Kinrick o Great Breetain'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Murdoch|first=Alexander|date=2007-01-04|title=England, Scotland, and the Acts of Union (1707)|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-96282|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-07|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-96282|quote=On 1 May 1707 England and Scotland (since 1603 a union of crowns) became the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'. The new united kingdom was to be represented by a ‘union’ flag and governed by a British parliament at Westminster and a shared head of state (with the contentious issue of monarchical succession now settled in favour of the protestant house of Hanover).}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:sco:s:Acts o Union 1707|Acts o Union 1707]], Article 2.&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[state]] in [[Wastren Europe]], that existed frae 1707 tae 1800. It wis shapit by the jynin o the [[Kinrick o Scotland]] an the [[Kinrick o Ingland]], unner the [[Treaty o Union 1707|Acts o Union 1707]], tae mak ae kinrick athort the hail o the island o [[Great Breetain]]. Ae new pairlament an govrenment, seetuatit in [[Westminster]] in [[Lunnon]], controlled the new kinrick. The twa unthirlt kinricks o Scotland an Ingland haed [[Union o the Crouns|shared the ae same monarch]] sin [[James VI o Scotland|James VI, Keeng o Scots]], becam [[Keeng o Ingland]] in 1603 follaein the daith o [[Elizabeth I o Ingland|Queen Elizabeth I]].

The Kinrick o Great Breetain wis follaed by the [[Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland]] in 1801 whan the [[Kinrick o Ireland]] wis absorbed wi the enactment o the [[Act o Union 1800]] follaein the suppression o the [[Irish Rebellion o 1798]].

== Monarchs ==
* [[Anne o Great Breetain|Anne]] (1707–1714), previously [[Kinrick o Ingland|Queen o Ingland]], [[Kinrick o Scotland|Queen o Scotland]], an [[Kinrick o Ireland|Queen o Ireland]] sin 1702.
* [[George I o Great Breetain|George I]] (1714–1727)
* [[George II o Great Breetain|George II]] (1727–1760)
* [[George III o the Unitit Kinrick|George III]] (1760–1801), continued as King o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland til 1820.

== See Forby ==

* [[Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland]]

== References ==

&lt;references/&gt;
{{Commonscat|Kingdom of Great Britain}}

[[Category:History o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Umwhile kintras in Europe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Northumberland</title>
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{{Infobox English county
| official_name          = Northumberland
| flag_image             = [[File:Flag of Northumberland.svg|100px|border]]
| flag_link              = Banner o Northumberland
| arms_image             = [[File:Coat of arms of Northumberland County Council.png|100px]]
| arms_link              = Coat o airms o Northumberland
| locator_map            = [[File:Northumberland UK locator map 2010.svg|200px]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|55|10|N|2|00|W|region:GB_type:adm1st|display=title, inline}}
| region                 = [[North East Ingland|North East]]
| established_date       = [[Historic coonties o Ingland|Auncient]]
| lord_lieutenant_office = Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland
| lord_lieutenant_name   = [[Jane Percy, Duchess o Northumberland|Jane Percy]]
| high_sheriff_office    = High Sheriff o Northumberland
| high_sheriff_name      = William Browne-Swinburne (2016–17)
| area_total_km2         = 5013
| area_total_rank        = 6t
| statistics_date        = {{English statistics year}}
| unitary_council        = [[Northumberland County Council]]
| admin_hq               = [[Morpeth, Northumberland|Morpeth]]
| ethnicity              = 95.4% White Breetish
| iso_code               = GB-NBL
| ons_code               = 00EM
| gss_code               = E06000057
| nuts_code              = UKC21
| MPs                    = 
| police                 = [[Northumbria Police]]
| website                = {{URL|www.northumberland.gov.uk}}
}}

'''Northumberland''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|n|ɔ:|ˈ|θ|ʌ|m|b|ə|l|ə|n|d}}) is the northrenmaist [[Coonties o Ingland|ceremonial county]] an a unitary destrict in the North East o [[Ingland]].  It borders [[Cumbria]] tae the wast, [[Coonty Durham]] to the sooth an [[Tyne an Wear]] tae the sooth east, as well as haein a border wi the [[Scots Borders]] cooncil aurie tae the north, an a [[North Sea]] coastline o [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty|ootstaundin natural beauty]]. Syne 1981, the coonty council haes been locatit in [[Morpeth, Northumberland|Morpeth]], situated in the east o the coonty.

As the [[kinrick o Northumbrie]] unner King [[Edwin o Northumbria|Edwin]], the region's heestorical bundaries stretched frae the [[Humber]] in the sooth tae the [[River Forth|Forth]] in the north.  The historic boondaries o the coonty cover a different aurie, includin [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], the traditional coonty toun, as well as [[Tynemouth]] an ither settlements in [[North Tyneside]], auries admeenistered bi [[Tyne an Wear]] syne 1974 unner the [[Local Government Act 1972]]. The historic bundaries o the coonty are sometimes taken tae exclude [[Islandshire]], [[Bedlingtonshire]] an [[Norhamshire]] (collectively North Durham), exclaves o Coonty Durham which wur incorporatit intae Northumberland in 1844.

Being on the border o Ingland an Scotland, Northumberland haes been the steid o mony battles.  The coonty is notit for its undeveloped landscape o heich moorland, a favourite wi landscape painters, an nou lairgely protectit as a [[Northumberland National Park|National Park]]. Northumberland is the maist spairsely populatit coonty in Ingland, wi anerlie 62 fowk per square kilometre.

Northumberland's [[coonty flower]] is the Bloody Cranesbill (''[[Geranium sanguineum]]'') an her affiliated Royal Navy ship is her namesake, {{HMS|Northumberland|F238|6}}.

==See an aw==
* [[Northumbrie byleid]]

{{Commonscat}}

{{Ingland coonties}}

[[Category:Northumberland| ]]
{{stub/Ingland}}</text>
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{{Infobox Ingland coonty
| official_name          = Northumberland
| flag_image             = [[File:Flag of Northumberland.svg|100px|border]]
| flag_link              = Banner o Northumberland
| arms_image             = [[File:Coat of arms of Northumberland County Council.png|100px]]
| arms_link              = Coat o airms o Northumberland
| locator_map            = [[File:Northumberland UK locator map 2010.svg|200px]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|55|10|N|2|00|W|region:GB_type:adm1st|display=title, inline}}
| region                 = [[North East Ingland|North East]]
| established_date       = [[Historic coonties o Ingland|Auncient]]
| lord_lieutenant_office = Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland
| lord_lieutenant_name   = [[Jane Percy, Duchess o Northumberland|Jane Percy]]
| high_sheriff_office    = High Sheriff o Northumberland
| high_sheriff_name      = William Browne-Swinburne (2016–17)
| area_total_km2         = 5013
| area_total_rank        = 6t
| statistics_date        = {{English statistics year}}
| unitary_council        = [[Northumberland County Council]]
| admin_hq               = [[Morpeth, Northumberland|Morpeth]]
| ethnicity              = 95.4% White Breetish
| iso_code               = GB-NBL
| ons_code               = 00EM
| gss_code               = E06000057
| nuts_code              = UKC21
| police                 = [[Northumbria Police]]
| website                = {{URL|www.northumberland.gov.uk}}
}}

'''Northumberland''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|n|ɔ:|ˈ|θ|ʌ|m|b|ə|l|ə|n|d}}) is the northrenmaist [[Coonties o Ingland|ceremonial county]] an a unitary destrict in the North East o [[Ingland]].  It borders [[Cumbria]] tae the wast, [[Coonty Durham]] to the sooth an [[Tyne an Wear]] tae the sooth east, as well as haein a border wi the [[Scots Borders]] cooncil aurie tae the north, an a [[North Sea]] coastline o [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty|ootstaundin natural beauty]]. Syne 1981, the coonty council haes been locatit in [[Morpeth, Northumberland|Morpeth]], situated in the east o the coonty.

As the [[kinrick o Northumbrie]] unner King [[Edwin o Northumbria|Edwin]], the region's heestorical bundaries stretched frae the [[Humber]] in the sooth tae the [[River Forth|Forth]] in the north.  The historic boondaries o the coonty cover a different aurie, includin [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], the traditional coonty toun, as well as [[Tynemouth]] an ither settlements in [[North Tyneside]], auries admeenistered bi [[Tyne an Wear]] syne 1974 unner the [[Local Government Act 1972]]. The historic bundaries o the coonty are sometimes taken tae exclude [[Islandshire]], [[Bedlingtonshire]] an [[Norhamshire]] (collectively North Durham), exclaves o Coonty Durham which wur incorporatit intae Northumberland in 1844.

Being on the border o Ingland an Scotland, Northumberland haes been the steid o mony battles.  The coonty is notit for its undeveloped landscape o heich moorland, a favourite wi landscape painters, an nou lairgely protectit as a [[Northumberland National Park|National Park]]. Northumberland is the maist spairsely populatit coonty in Ingland, wi anerlie 62 fowk per square kilometre.

Northumberland's [[coonty flower]] is the Bloody Cranesbill (''[[Geranium sanguineum]]'') an her affiliated Royal Navy ship is her namesake, {{HMS|Northumberland|F238|6}}.

==See an aw==
* [[Northumbrie byleid]]

{{Commonscat}}

{{Ingland coonties}}

[[Category:Northumberland| ]]
{{stub/Ingland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Star Wars</title>
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{{Infobox media franchise
|title = ''Star Wars''
|image = Star Wars Logo.svg
|imagesize = 250px
|caption = The ''Star Wars'' logo [[Star Wars opening crawl|as seen in aw films]].
|creator = [[George Lucas]]
|origin = ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (1977)
|vgs = [[Leet o Star Wars video gemmes|Leet o video gemmes]]
|books =
|novels = 
|comics = 
|strips =
|films =
'''Saga''':&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars#Oreeginal trilogy|Oreeginal trilogy]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars (film)|IV – A New Hope]]'' (1977)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[The Empire Strikes Back|V – The Empire Strikes Back]]'' (1980)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Return of the Jedi|VI – Return of the Jedi]]'' (1983)}}
&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars#Prequel trilogy|Prequel trilogy]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace|I – The Phantom Menace]]'' (1999)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones|II – Attack of the Clones]]'' (2002)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith|III – Revenge of the Sith]]'' (2005)}}
&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars sequel trilogy|Sequel trilogy]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens|VII – The Force Awakens]]'' (2015)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Last Jedi|VIII – The Last Jedi]]'' (2017)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker|IX – The Rise of Skywalker]]'' (2019)}}
&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars#Anthology series|Anthology films]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Rogue One]]'' (2016)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Solo: A Star Wars Story]]'' (2018)}}
'''Ither''':
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)|The Clone Wars]]'' (2008)}}
|tv =
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|The Clone Wars]]'' (2008–2014)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Rebels|Rebels]]'' (2014–present)}}
'''Specials'''
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Rebels#Film (2014)|Spark of Rebellion]]'' (2014)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Rebels#Film (2015)|The Siege of Lothal]]'' (2015)}}
[[Star Wars expanded universe#Film, television, and web series|Legends]]
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Droids|Droids]]'' (1985–1986)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Ewoks|Ewoks]]'' (1985–1986)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)|Clone Wars]]'' (2003–2005)}}
[[Star Wars expanded universe#Film, television, and web series|Legends specials]]
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Holiday Special]]'' (1978)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure|Caravan of Courage]]'' (1984)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Ewoks: The Battle for Endor|The Battle for Endor]]'' (1985)}}
|atv =
|plays =
|musicals =
|games =
|rpgs =
|radio = ''[[Star Wars (radio)|Star Wars]]''
|soundtracks =
|music = [[Muisic o Star Wars|Muisic o ''Star Wars'']]
|toys = * Action figurs
* Dee-casts an model toys
* Chess an sodgers
* Ither
|otherlabel1 = Theme pairks
|otherdata1 =
* ''[[Star Tours]]''
* ''[[Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple]]''
* ''[[Star Tours–The Adventures Continue]]''
* ''[[Star Wars Land]]''
}}
'''''Star Wars''''' is an American [[epic film|epic]] [[space opera]] franchise, centert on a [[film series]] creatit bi [[George Lucas]]. It depicts the adventurs o various chairacters &quot;a lang time ago in a galaxy far, far awa&quot;.

The franchise begoud in 1977 wi the release o the film ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (later subtitled ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' in 1981),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inafarawaygalaxy.com/2015/12/when-did-star-wars-become-known-as-new.html|title=When did Star Wars become known as A New Hope? - In A Far Away Galaxy|author=James Ryan|publisher=|access-date=2017-05-25|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116101332/https://www.inafarawaygalaxy.com/2015/12/when-did-star-wars-become-known-as-new.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://screenprism.com/insights/article/was-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title|title=Why was &quot;Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope&quot; originally released under another title - ScreenPrism|author=ScreenPrism|publisher=|access-date=2017-05-25|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118100506/http://screenprism.com/insights/article/was-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; whilk became a warldwide [[popular culture|pop culture]] [[Cultural impact o Star Wars|phenomenon]]. It wis follaed bi the successfu sequels ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'' (1980) and ''[[Return of the Jedi]]'' (1983); thir three films constitute the oreeginal ''Star Wars'' trilogy. A prequel trilogy wis released atween 1999 and 2005, whilk received mixed reactions frae baith critics and fans. A [[Star Wars sequel trilogy|sequel trilogy]] begoud in 2015 wi the release o ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]''. Aw seiven films war nominatit for [[Academy Awards]] (wi wins gaun tae the first twa films) and hae been commercial successes, wi a combined box office revenue o ower $7.5 billion,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/StarWars.php | title = Star Wars – Box Office History | work = The Numbers | accessdate= June 17, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; makin ''Star Wars'' the [[Leet o heichest-grossin films#Heichest-grossin franchises an film series|third heichest-grossin film series]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers franchises&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Movie Franchises |work=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services |url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/franchisesW.php |accessdate=January 3, 2013 |archive-date=2013-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822015623/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/franchises/sort/World |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Spin-off (media)|Spin-off]] films include the animatit ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'' (2008) an ''[[Rogue One]]'' (2016), the latter o whilk is the first in an upcomin series o [[Anthology series|anthology]] films.

The series haes spawned an extensive [[media franchise]] includin [[Leet o Star Wars beuks|beuks]], televeesion series, [[Star Wars video gemmes|computer an video gemmes]], an [[Leet o Star Wars comic beuks|comic beuks]], aw o whilk tak place within the same [[Star Wars canon|continuity]] as the films, resultin in signeeficant development o the series's [[feectional universe]], wi the non-canonical wirks fawin unner the defunct [[Star Wars Legends|''Star Wars'' Legends]] label. ''Star Wars'' an aa houds a ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' title for the &quot;Most successfu film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the tot vailyie o the ''Star Wars'' franchise wis estimatit at USD $42 billion,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chew|first=Jonathan|url=http://fortune.com/2015/12/24/star-wars-value-worth/|title=Star Wars Franchise Worth More Than Harry Potter and James Bond, Combined|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=December 24, 2015|accessdate=November 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Detrick|first=Paul|url=http://reason.com/reasontv/2015/11/20/star-wars-force-awakens-chris-taylor-han|title=The Star Wars Economy is Bigger Than You Think|magazine=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]|date=November 20, 2015|accessdate=April 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; makin ''Star Wars'' [[Leet o the heichest-grossin media franchises|the seicont heichest-grossin media franchise o aw time]].

In 2012, [[The Walt Disney Company]] bocht [[Lucasfilm]] for $4.06 billion and earnt the distribution richts tae aw subsequent ''Star Wars'' films, beginnin wi the release o ''The Force Awakens'' in 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schou&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/12/21/walt-disney-completes-lucasfilm-acquisition|title=Mickey meets 'Star Wars': Walt Disney Co. completes acquisition of Lucasfilm|last=Schou|first=Solvej|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 21, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2012|archive-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123215710/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/12/21/walt-disney-completes-lucasfilm-acquisition/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile distributor, [[20th Century Fox]], retains the physical distribution rights for the first twa ''Star Wars'' trilogies, ains permanent rights for the oreeginal 1977 film and continues tae haud the rights for the prequel trilogy an the first twa sequels tae ''A New Hope'' until Mey 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;FOXrights&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tangled-rights-could-tie-up-384541|title=Tangled Rights Could Tie Up Ultimate 'Star Wars' Box Set (Analysis)|last=Masters|first=Kim|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 30, 2012|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=DisneyFY13&gt;{{cite web |title=The Walt Disney Company FY 2013 SEC Form 10-K Filing |url=http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |website=The Walt Disney Company |accessdate=April 17, 2015 |page=13 |format=PDF |date=November 20, 2013 |quote=Prior to the Company's acquisition, Lucasfilm produced six ''Star Wars'' films (Episodes 1 through 6). Lucasfilm retained the rights to consumer products related to all of the films and the rights related to television and electronic distribution formats for all of the films, with the exception of the rights for ''Episode IV'', which are owned by a third-party studio. All of the films are distributed by a third-party studio in the theatrical and home video markets. The theatrical and home video distribution rights for these films revert to Lucasfilm in May 2020 with the exception of ''Episode IV'', for which these distribution rights are retained in perpetuity by the third-party studio. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311190755/http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |archivedate=March 11, 2015 |df= }} {{Cite web |url=http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-25 |archive-date=2015-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311190755/http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Walt Disney Studios (diveesion)|Walt Disney Studios]] ains [[deegital distribution]] richts tae aw the ''Star Wars'' films, excludin ''A New Hope''.&lt;ref name=&quot;DisneyFY13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Vlessing|first1=Etan|title='Star Wars' Movie Franchise Headed to Digital HD|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-wars-movie-franchise-headed-786673|accessdate=April 7, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Star Wars| ]]
[[Category:1977 introductions]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox films]]
[[Category:Lucasfilm films]]
[[Category:Disney franchises]]
[[Category:Elstree Studios films]]
[[Category:Science fiction films bi series]]
[[Category:Adventur films bi series]]
[[Category:Fantasy films bi series]]
[[Category:Politics in feection]]
[[Category:Wars in feection]]
[[Category:Monomyths]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921445</id>
      <parentid>921417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:49:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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{{Infobox media franchise
|title = ''Star Wars''
|image = Star Wars Logo.svg
|imagesize = 250px
|caption = The ''Star Wars'' logo [[Star Wars opening crawl|as seen in aw films]].
|creator = [[George Lucas]]
|origin = ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (1977)
|vgs = [[Leet o Star Wars video gemmes|Leet o video gemmes]]
'''Saga''':&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars#Oreeginal trilogy|Oreeginal trilogy]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars (film)|IV – A New Hope]]'' (1977)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[The Empire Strikes Back|V – The Empire Strikes Back]]'' (1980)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Return of the Jedi|VI – Return of the Jedi]]'' (1983)}}
&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars#Prequel trilogy|Prequel trilogy]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace|I – The Phantom Menace]]'' (1999)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones|II – Attack of the Clones]]'' (2002)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith|III – Revenge of the Sith]]'' (2005)}}
&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars sequel trilogy|Sequel trilogy]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens|VII – The Force Awakens]]'' (2015)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Last Jedi|VIII – The Last Jedi]]'' (2017)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker|IX – The Rise of Skywalker]]'' (2019)}}
&lt;small&gt;''[[Star Wars#Anthology series|Anthology films]]''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{nowrap|''[[Rogue One]]'' (2016)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Solo: A Star Wars Story]]'' (2018)}}
'''Ither''':
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)|The Clone Wars]]'' (2008)}}
|tv =
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|The Clone Wars]]'' (2008–2014)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Rebels|Rebels]]'' (2014–present)}}
'''Specials'''
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Rebels#Film (2014)|Spark of Rebellion]]'' (2014)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Rebels#Film (2015)|The Siege of Lothal]]'' (2015)}}
[[Star Wars expanded universe#Film, television, and web series|Legends]]
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Droids|Droids]]'' (1985–1986)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Ewoks|Ewoks]]'' (1985–1986)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)|Clone Wars]]'' (2003–2005)}}
[[Star Wars expanded universe#Film, television, and web series|Legends specials]]
* {{nowrap|''[[Star Wars Holiday Special]]'' (1978)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure|Caravan of Courage]]'' (1984)}}
* {{nowrap|''[[Ewoks: The Battle for Endor|The Battle for Endor]]'' (1985)}}
|radio = ''[[Star Wars (radio)|Star Wars]]''
|music = [[Muisic o Star Wars|Muisic o ''Star Wars'']]
|toys = * Action figurs
* Dee-casts an model toys
* Chess an sodgers
* Ither
|otherlabel1 = Theme pairks
|otherdata1 =
* ''[[Star Tours]]''
* ''[[Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple]]''
* ''[[Star Tours–The Adventures Continue]]''
* ''[[Star Wars Land]]''
}}
'''''Star Wars''''' is an American [[epic film|epic]] [[space opera]] franchise, centert on a [[film series]] creatit bi [[George Lucas]]. It depicts the adventurs o various chairacters &quot;a lang time ago in a galaxy far, far awa&quot;.

The franchise begoud in 1977 wi the release o the film ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (later subtitled ''Episode IV: A New Hope'' in 1981),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inafarawaygalaxy.com/2015/12/when-did-star-wars-become-known-as-new.html|title=When did Star Wars become known as A New Hope? - In A Far Away Galaxy|author=James Ryan|publisher=|access-date=2017-05-25|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116101332/https://www.inafarawaygalaxy.com/2015/12/when-did-star-wars-become-known-as-new.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://screenprism.com/insights/article/was-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title|title=Why was &quot;Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope&quot; originally released under another title - ScreenPrism|author=ScreenPrism|publisher=|access-date=2017-05-25|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118100506/http://screenprism.com/insights/article/was-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; whilk became a warldwide [[popular culture|pop culture]] [[Cultural impact o Star Wars|phenomenon]]. It wis follaed bi the successfu sequels ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'' (1980) and ''[[Return of the Jedi]]'' (1983); thir three films constitute the oreeginal ''Star Wars'' trilogy. A prequel trilogy wis released atween 1999 and 2005, whilk received mixed reactions frae baith critics and fans. A [[Star Wars sequel trilogy|sequel trilogy]] begoud in 2015 wi the release o ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]''. Aw seiven films war nominatit for [[Academy Awards]] (wi wins gaun tae the first twa films) and hae been commercial successes, wi a combined box office revenue o ower $7.5 billion,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/StarWars.php | title = Star Wars – Box Office History | work = The Numbers | accessdate= June 17, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; makin ''Star Wars'' the [[Leet o heichest-grossin films#Heichest-grossin franchises an film series|third heichest-grossin film series]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers franchises&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Movie Franchises |work=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services |url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/franchisesW.php |accessdate=January 3, 2013 |archive-date=2013-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822015623/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/franchises/sort/World |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Spin-off (media)|Spin-off]] films include the animatit ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'' (2008) an ''[[Rogue One]]'' (2016), the latter o whilk is the first in an upcomin series o [[Anthology series|anthology]] films.

The series haes spawned an extensive [[media franchise]] includin [[Leet o Star Wars beuks|beuks]], televeesion series, [[Star Wars video gemmes|computer an video gemmes]], an [[Leet o Star Wars comic beuks|comic beuks]], aw o whilk tak place within the same [[Star Wars canon|continuity]] as the films, resultin in signeeficant development o the series's [[feectional universe]], wi the non-canonical wirks fawin unner the defunct [[Star Wars Legends|''Star Wars'' Legends]] label. ''Star Wars'' an aa houds a ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' title for the &quot;Most successfu film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the tot vailyie o the ''Star Wars'' franchise wis estimatit at USD $42 billion,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chew|first=Jonathan|url=http://fortune.com/2015/12/24/star-wars-value-worth/|title=Star Wars Franchise Worth More Than Harry Potter and James Bond, Combined|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=December 24, 2015|accessdate=November 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Detrick|first=Paul|url=http://reason.com/reasontv/2015/11/20/star-wars-force-awakens-chris-taylor-han|title=The Star Wars Economy is Bigger Than You Think|magazine=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]|date=November 20, 2015|accessdate=April 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; makin ''Star Wars'' [[Leet o the heichest-grossin media franchises|the seicont heichest-grossin media franchise o aw time]].

In 2012, [[The Walt Disney Company]] bocht [[Lucasfilm]] for $4.06 billion and earnt the distribution richts tae aw subsequent ''Star Wars'' films, beginnin wi the release o ''The Force Awakens'' in 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schou&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/12/21/walt-disney-completes-lucasfilm-acquisition|title=Mickey meets 'Star Wars': Walt Disney Co. completes acquisition of Lucasfilm|last=Schou|first=Solvej|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 21, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2012|archive-date=2018-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123215710/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/12/21/walt-disney-completes-lucasfilm-acquisition/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile distributor, [[20th Century Fox]], retains the physical distribution rights for the first twa ''Star Wars'' trilogies, ains permanent rights for the oreeginal 1977 film and continues tae haud the rights for the prequel trilogy an the first twa sequels tae ''A New Hope'' until Mey 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;FOXrights&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tangled-rights-could-tie-up-384541|title=Tangled Rights Could Tie Up Ultimate 'Star Wars' Box Set (Analysis)|last=Masters|first=Kim|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 30, 2012|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=DisneyFY13&gt;{{cite web |title=The Walt Disney Company FY 2013 SEC Form 10-K Filing |url=http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |website=The Walt Disney Company |accessdate=April 17, 2015 |page=13 |format=PDF |date=November 20, 2013 |quote=Prior to the Company's acquisition, Lucasfilm produced six ''Star Wars'' films (Episodes 1 through 6). Lucasfilm retained the rights to consumer products related to all of the films and the rights related to television and electronic distribution formats for all of the films, with the exception of the rights for ''Episode IV'', which are owned by a third-party studio. All of the films are distributed by a third-party studio in the theatrical and home video markets. The theatrical and home video distribution rights for these films revert to Lucasfilm in May 2020 with the exception of ''Episode IV'', for which these distribution rights are retained in perpetuity by the third-party studio. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311190755/http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |archivedate=March 11, 2015 |df= }} {{Cite web |url=http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-25 |archive-date=2015-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311190755/http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/sites/default/files/reports/fy13-form-10k.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Walt Disney Studios (diveesion)|Walt Disney Studios]] ains [[deegital distribution]] richts tae aw the ''Star Wars'' films, excludin ''A New Hope''.&lt;ref name=&quot;DisneyFY13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Vlessing|first1=Etan|title='Star Wars' Movie Franchise Headed to Digital HD|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-wars-movie-franchise-headed-786673|accessdate=April 7, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Star Wars| ]]
[[Category:1977 introductions]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox films]]
[[Category:Lucasfilm films]]
[[Category:Disney franchises]]
[[Category:Elstree Studios films]]
[[Category:Science fiction films bi series]]
[[Category:Adventur films bi series]]
[[Category:Fantasy films bi series]]
[[Category:Politics in feection]]
[[Category:Wars in feection]]
[[Category:Monomyths]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>PlayStation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921481</id>
      <parentid>841575</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:05:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3151" sha1="oj24iwoofikuhs03lhzqyfhsdzbosk1" xml:space="preserve">:''This is aboot the series o video gemme consoles. For ither uises see [[PlayStation (disambiguation)]].''

{{infobox brand
|name         = PlayStation
|logo         = 
|image        = 
|type         = [[Video gemme console]]&lt;br&gt;([[Hame video gemme console|home]], [[Handheld gemme console|handheld]] an [[microconsole]])&lt;br&gt;Production company&lt;br&gt;(PlayStation Originals; TV series an films)
|currentowner = [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|origin       = [[Aoyama, Tokyo|Minami-Aoyama]], [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|introduced   = {{start date and age|1994|12|3}}
|discontinued =
|markets      = Warldwide
}}

{{nihongo|'''PlayStation'''|プレイステーション|Pureisutēshon|abbreviated as '''PS'''|lead=yes}} is a gemmin buist that consists o fower [[hame video gemme console]]s, as well as a [[Hame theater PC|media center]], an online service, a line o [[Game controller|controllers]], twa [[Handheld gemme console|handhelds]] an a [[Smartphone|phone]], as well as multiple magazines. It is creatit ani awned bi [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] syne Dizember 3, 1994, wi the launch o the oreeginal [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;developmentJP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html|title=Business Development/Japan|accessdate=December 19, 2007|publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217051703/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html|archivedate=December 17, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The oreeginal console in the series wis the first console o ony teep tae ship ower 100 million units, daein so in unner a decade.&lt;ref name=&quot;100Mrecord&quot;/&gt; Its successor, the [[PlayStation 2]], was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-sellin hame console tae date, haein reached ower 155 million units saud bi the end o 2012.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=507135|title=NeoGAF|access-date=January 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 3]], wis released in 2006, sellin ower 87.4 million units bi Mairch 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;sie.com&quot;/&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 4]], wis released in 2013, sellin a million units athin a day, the fastest sellin console in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sie.com/en/corporate/release.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050754/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/131117_e.html|url-status=dead|title=SIE Press Release &amp;#124; Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.|archive-date=December 3, 2013|website=SIE.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latest console in the series, the [[PlayStation 5]], wis released in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2020/9/16/21323105/ps5-price-playstation-5-release-date-pre-orders | title = PlayStation 5 launches Nov. 12 for $499 | first1=  Michael | last1 =McWhertor | first2 = Nicole | last2= Carpenter | date = September 16, 2020 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:PlayStation (buist)| ]]
[[Category:Hame video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Sony consoles]]
[[Category:Sony Interactive Entertainment]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921485</id>
      <parentid>921481</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:08:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replaced a deid ref</comment>
      <origin>921485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3413" sha1="l6tfup0nzav78mymqm46lc0co6xowxp" xml:space="preserve">:''This is aboot the series o video gemme consoles. For ither uises see [[PlayStation (disambiguation)]].''

{{infobox brand
|name         = PlayStation
|logo         = 
|image        = 
|type         = [[Video gemme console]]&lt;br&gt;([[Hame video gemme console|home]], [[Handheld gemme console|handheld]] an [[microconsole]])&lt;br&gt;Production company&lt;br&gt;(PlayStation Originals; TV series an films)
|currentowner = [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|origin       = [[Aoyama, Tokyo|Minami-Aoyama]], [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|introduced   = {{start date and age|1994|12|3}}
|discontinued =
|markets      = Warldwide
}}

{{nihongo|'''PlayStation'''|プレイステーション|Pureisutēshon|abbreviated as '''PS'''|lead=yes}} is a gemmin buist that consists o fower [[hame video gemme console]]s, as well as a [[Hame theater PC|media center]], an online service, a line o [[Game controller|controllers]], twa [[Handheld gemme console|handhelds]] an a [[Smartphone|phone]], as well as multiple magazines. It is creatit ani awned bi [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] syne Dizember 3, 1994, wi the launch o the oreeginal [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;developmentJP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html|title=Business Development/Japan|accessdate=December 19, 2007|publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217051703/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html|archivedate=December 17, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The oreeginal console in the series wis the first console o ony teep tae ship ower 100 million units, daein so in unner a decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Contributor|first=Ellie Gibson|date=2005-11-30|title=Worldwide PlayStation 2 shipments hit 100 million mark|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/worldwide-playstation-2-shipments-hit-100-million-mark|access-date=2026-08-20|website=GamesIndustry.biz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its successor, the [[PlayStation 2]], was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-sellin hame console tae date, haein reached ower 155 million units saud bi the end o 2012.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=507135|title=NeoGAF|access-date=January 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 3]], wis released in 2006, sellin ower 87.4 million units bi Mairch 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;sie.com&quot;/&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 4]], wis released in 2013, sellin a million units athin a day, the fastest sellin console in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sie.com/en/corporate/release.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050754/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/131117_e.html|url-status=dead|title=SIE Press Release &amp;#124; Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.|archive-date=December 3, 2013|website=SIE.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latest console in the series, the [[PlayStation 5]], wis released in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2020/9/16/21323105/ps5-price-playstation-5-release-date-pre-orders | title = PlayStation 5 launches Nov. 12 for $499 | first1=  Michael | last1 =McWhertor | first2 = Nicole | last2= Carpenter | date = September 16, 2020 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:PlayStation (buist)| ]]
[[Category:Hame video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Sony consoles]]
[[Category:Sony Interactive Entertainment]]</text>
      <sha1>l6tfup0nzav78mymqm46lc0co6xowxp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921487</id>
      <parentid>921485</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:09:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replaced a deid ref</comment>
      <origin>921487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3672" sha1="r55zgbw4pnkggnj5jl3gwffuau59uy1" xml:space="preserve">:''This is aboot the series o video gemme consoles. For ither uises see [[PlayStation (disambiguation)]].''

{{infobox brand
|name         = PlayStation
|logo         = 
|image        = 
|type         = [[Video gemme console]]&lt;br&gt;([[Hame video gemme console|home]], [[Handheld gemme console|handheld]] an [[microconsole]])&lt;br&gt;Production company&lt;br&gt;(PlayStation Originals; TV series an films)
|currentowner = [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|origin       = [[Aoyama, Tokyo|Minami-Aoyama]], [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|introduced   = {{start date and age|1994|12|3}}
|discontinued =
|markets      = Warldwide
}}

{{nihongo|'''PlayStation'''|プレイステーション|Pureisutēshon|abbreviated as '''PS'''|lead=yes}} is a gemmin buist that consists o fower [[hame video gemme console]]s, as well as a [[Hame theater PC|media center]], an online service, a line o [[Game controller|controllers]], twa [[Handheld gemme console|handhelds]] an a [[Smartphone|phone]], as well as multiple magazines. It is creatit ani awned bi [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] syne Dizember 3, 1994, wi the launch o the oreeginal [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;developmentJP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html|title=Business Development/Japan|accessdate=December 19, 2007|publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217051703/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html|archivedate=December 17, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The oreeginal console in the series wis the first console o ony teep tae ship ower 100 million units, daein so in unner a decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Contributor|first=Ellie Gibson|date=2005-11-30|title=Worldwide PlayStation 2 shipments hit 100 million mark|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/worldwide-playstation-2-shipments-hit-100-million-mark|access-date=2026-08-20|website=GamesIndustry.biz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its successor, the [[PlayStation 2]], was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-sellin hame console tae date, haein reached ower 155 million units saud bi the end o 2012.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=507135|title=NeoGAF|access-date=January 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 3]], wis released in 2006, sellin ower 87.4 million units bi Mairch 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Zarmena|date=2019-04-28|title=The PS3 Has Sold Over 87.4 Million Units as of March 31, 2017|url=https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2019/04/28/ps3-sales-figure-march-2017/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=PlayStation LifeStyle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 4]], wis released in 2013, sellin a million units athin a day, the fastest sellin console in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sie.com/en/corporate/release.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050754/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/131117_e.html|url-status=dead|title=SIE Press Release &amp;#124; Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.|archive-date=December 3, 2013|website=SIE.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latest console in the series, the [[PlayStation 5]], wis released in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2020/9/16/21323105/ps5-price-playstation-5-release-date-pre-orders | title = PlayStation 5 launches Nov. 12 for $499 | first1=  Michael | last1 =McWhertor | first2 = Nicole | last2= Carpenter | date = September 16, 2020 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:PlayStation (buist)| ]]
[[Category:Hame video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Sony consoles]]
[[Category:Sony Interactive Entertainment]]</text>
      <sha1>r55zgbw4pnkggnj5jl3gwffuau59uy1</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921490</id>
      <parentid>921487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:11:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replaced a deid ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="3556" sha1="or5kgp1lfq6a3fvgkvtg9crajaxo7m0" xml:space="preserve">:''This is aboot the series o video gemme consoles. For ither uises see [[PlayStation (disambiguation)]].''

{{infobox brand
|name         = PlayStation
|logo         = 
|image        = 
|type         = [[Video gemme console]]&lt;br&gt;([[Hame video gemme console|home]], [[Handheld gemme console|handheld]] an [[microconsole]])&lt;br&gt;Production company&lt;br&gt;(PlayStation Originals; TV series an films)
|currentowner = [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|origin       = [[Aoyama, Tokyo|Minami-Aoyama]], [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|introduced   = {{start date and age|1994|12|3}}
|discontinued =
|markets      = Warldwide
}}

{{nihongo|'''PlayStation'''|プレイステーション|Pureisutēshon|abbreviated as '''PS'''|lead=yes}} is a gemmin buist that consists o fower [[hame video gemme console]]s, as well as a [[Hame theater PC|media center]], an online service, a line o [[Game controller|controllers]], twa [[Handheld gemme console|handhelds]] an a [[Smartphone|phone]], as well as multiple magazines. It is creatit ani awned bi [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] syne Dizember 3, 1994, wi the launch o the oreeginal [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-07-24|title=PlayStation 1 (PS1) Release Date, Specs &amp; History|url=https://www.videogameconsolelibrary.com/console/sony-playstation-ps1/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=Video Game Console Library|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The oreeginal console in the series wis the first console o ony teep tae ship ower 100 million units, daein so in unner a decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Contributor|first=Ellie Gibson|date=2005-11-30|title=Worldwide PlayStation 2 shipments hit 100 million mark|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/worldwide-playstation-2-shipments-hit-100-million-mark|access-date=2026-08-20|website=GamesIndustry.biz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its successor, the [[PlayStation 2]], was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-sellin hame console tae date, haein reached ower 155 million units saud bi the end o 2012.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=507135|title=NeoGAF|access-date=January 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 3]], wis released in 2006, sellin ower 87.4 million units bi Mairch 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Zarmena|date=2019-04-28|title=The PS3 Has Sold Over 87.4 Million Units as of March 31, 2017|url=https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2019/04/28/ps3-sales-figure-march-2017/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=PlayStation LifeStyle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 4]], wis released in 2013, sellin a million units athin a day, the fastest sellin console in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sie.com/en/corporate/release.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050754/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/131117_e.html|url-status=dead|title=SIE Press Release &amp;#124; Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.|archive-date=December 3, 2013|website=SIE.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latest console in the series, the [[PlayStation 5]], wis released in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2020/9/16/21323105/ps5-price-playstation-5-release-date-pre-orders | title = PlayStation 5 launches Nov. 12 for $499 | first1=  Michael | last1 =McWhertor | first2 = Nicole | last2= Carpenter | date = September 16, 2020 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:PlayStation (buist)| ]]
[[Category:Hame video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Sony consoles]]
[[Category:Sony Interactive Entertainment]]</text>
      <sha1>or5kgp1lfq6a3fvgkvtg9crajaxo7m0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921515</id>
      <parentid>921490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:20:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>921515</origin>
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      <text bytes="3506" sha1="or8hrji4csnjy8sdzzxrfktmdf72opj" xml:space="preserve">:''This is aboot the series o video gemme consoles. For ither uises see [[PlayStation (disambiguation)]].''

{{infobox brand
|name         = PlayStation
|type         = [[Video gemme console]]&lt;br&gt;([[Hame video gemme console|home]], [[Handheld gemme console|handheld]] an [[microconsole]])&lt;br&gt;Production company&lt;br&gt;(PlayStation Originals; TV series an films)
|currentowner = [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]
|origin       = [[Aoyama, Tokyo|Minami-Aoyama]], [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|introduced   = {{start date and age|1994|12|3}}
|markets      = Warldwide
}}

{{nihongo|'''PlayStation'''|プレイステーション|Pureisutēshon|abbreviated as '''PS'''|lead=yes}} is a gemmin buist that consists o fower [[hame video gemme console]]s, as well as a [[Hame theater PC|media center]], an online service, a line o [[Game controller|controllers]], twa [[Handheld gemme console|handhelds]] an a [[Smartphone|phone]], as well as multiple magazines. It is creatit ani awned bi [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]] syne Dizember 3, 1994, wi the launch o the oreeginal [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-07-24|title=PlayStation 1 (PS1) Release Date, Specs &amp; History|url=https://www.videogameconsolelibrary.com/console/sony-playstation-ps1/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=Video Game Console Library|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The oreeginal console in the series wis the first console o ony teep tae ship ower 100 million units, daein so in unner a decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Contributor|first=Ellie Gibson|date=2005-11-30|title=Worldwide PlayStation 2 shipments hit 100 million mark|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/worldwide-playstation-2-shipments-hit-100-million-mark|access-date=2026-08-20|website=GamesIndustry.biz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its successor, the [[PlayStation 2]], was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-sellin hame console tae date, haein reached ower 155 million units saud bi the end o 2012.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=507135|title=NeoGAF|access-date=January 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 3]], wis released in 2006, sellin ower 87.4 million units bi Mairch 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Zarmena|date=2019-04-28|title=The PS3 Has Sold Over 87.4 Million Units as of March 31, 2017|url=https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2019/04/28/ps3-sales-figure-march-2017/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=PlayStation LifeStyle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sony's next console, the [[PlayStation 4]], wis released in 2013, sellin a million units athin a day, the fastest sellin console in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sie.com/en/corporate/release.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050754/http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/131117_e.html|url-status=dead|title=SIE Press Release &amp;#124; Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.|archive-date=December 3, 2013|website=SIE.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latest console in the series, the [[PlayStation 5]], wis released in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2020/9/16/21323105/ps5-price-playstation-5-release-date-pre-orders | title = PlayStation 5 launches Nov. 12 for $499 | first1=  Michael | last1 =McWhertor | first2 = Nicole | last2= Carpenter | date = September 16, 2020 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:PlayStation (buist)| ]]
[[Category:Hame video gemme consoles]]
[[Category:Sony consoles]]
[[Category:Sony Interactive Entertainment]]</text>
      <sha1>or8hrji4csnjy8sdzzxrfktmdf72opj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Fantasy beuks</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>10347</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921623</id>
      <parentid>485111</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:04:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Fantasy]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921623</origin>
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      <text bytes="75" sha1="m2nes2snxw2el7f73dfcu8tfd9i5kgr" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons category|Fantasy books}}

[[Category:Beuks]]
[[Category:Fantasy]]</text>
      <sha1>m2nes2snxw2el7f73dfcu8tfd9i5kgr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Auncient Germanic Fowk</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>10564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921571</id>
      <parentid>159499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:45:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Europe]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921571</origin>
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      <text bytes="124" sha1="r4uh2wreynxwsnceljomsdlcf7fh7qg" xml:space="preserve">This category is aboot Germanic fowk an thair culturs in auncient [[Europe]].

[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Europe]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921573</id>
      <parentid>921571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:45:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:History]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921573</origin>
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      <text bytes="145" sha1="3x5m8wuqiwexv9zy2aw0ye8pu6ezo6l" xml:space="preserve">This category is aboot Germanic fowk an thair culturs in auncient [[Europe]].

[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:History]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Accept</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921551</id>
      <parentid>919209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:36:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921551</origin>
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      <text bytes="17884" sha1="3n1tv7e88g6rmsqf1rqjlw2xzhofuys" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}

{{Infobox muisical airtist
| name = Accept
| image = Accept vuonna 2022.jpg
| caption = Accept performin in [[Finland]]
| image_size = 800
| landscape = Yes
| background =  group_or_band
| years_active = 1968–1989&lt;br&gt;1992–1997&lt;br&gt;2004–2005&lt;br&gt;2009–present
| origin = [[Solingen]], [[Germany]]
| genre = [[Hivy metal]], [[speed metal]]
| label = [[Nuclear Blast]]&lt;br&gt;[[Epic Records|Epic]]/[[Sony BMG|Sony]]&lt;br&gt; [[PolyGram]]&lt;br&gt;Passport
| website = [http://www.acceptworldwide.com/ Offeecial Wabsteid]
| current_members  = [[Mark Tornillo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Wolf Hoffmann]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Uwe Lulis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Christopher Williams ]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Martin Motnik]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Philip Shouse]]
| past_members = [[Michael Wagener]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Udo Dirkschneider]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Jörg Fischer]]&lt;br/&gt;Frank Friedrich&lt;br/&gt;Stefan Kaufmann&lt;br/&gt;[[David Reece]]&lt;br/&gt;Jan Koemmet&lt;br/&gt;Jim Stacey&lt;br/&gt;Gerhard Wahl&lt;br/&gt;Rob Armitage&lt;br/&gt;Michael Cartellone&lt;br/&gt;[[Herman Frank]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Peter Baltes]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stefan Schwarzmann]]
}}

'''Accept''' is a [[Germany|German]] [[hivy metal]] baund frae [[Solingen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalie]]. Oreeginally assembled in 1968 bi [[Udo Dirkschneider]], the baund played an important role in the development o [[speed metal]],&lt;ref&gt;'' &quot;In many ways this album [Restless &amp; Wild]was a milestone in Accept's career. With the thundering double bass drum attack of the song 'FAST AS A SHARK,' they helped to spark a genre which would soon be called &quot;Speed Metal.&quot;''[http://www.spirit-of-metal.com/biographie-groupe-Accept-id_bio-651-l-en.html Spirit of metal]&lt;/ref&gt; bein pairt o the German hivy metal scene tae emerge in the early tae mid 1980s.
 
Thay hae sauld ower 27 million albums warldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.acceptnation.com/ |title=acceptnation.com |publisher=acceptnation.com |date= |accessdate=2010-11-11 |archive-date=2011-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202053105/http://acceptnation.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Biography==
===Early years (1968–1982)===
Accept's beginnins can be tracit back tae 1968 whan [[Udo Dirkschneider]] an [[Michael Wagener]] formit a local baund cried Band X, whilk hinnerly chyngit its name tae Accept. For mony year Accept gaun throu numerous line-up chynges. This instability essentially kept the baund on an amateur level, makkin sporadic appearances in festival concerts. Accept's professional career began in 1976, wi Udo Dirkschneider, Michael Wagener, Gerhard Wahl, Dieter Rubach an Frank Friedrich, whan thay wur invitit tae play at ane o the first [[rock an roll]] festivals in Germany — Rock am Rhein. Follaein the festival, the baund wis affered a recordin deal. Thair first recording wis the self-titled ''[[Accept (Accept album)|Accept]]'' album, at wis released in 1978.

The first stable line-up o Accept wis componed o vocalist [[Udo Dirkschneider]], guitarists [[Wolf Hoffmann]] an Gerhard Wahl, bassist [[Peter Baltes]] an drummer Frank Friedrich. Friedrich an Wahl quit the baund efter the release o ''Accept'' an wis replacit bi [[Stefan Kaufmann]] an [[Jörg Fischer]]. This line-up o the baund recordit ''I'm a Rebel'' in 1980. The title track oreeginally wis written for [[AC/DC]] but niver released bi them. The album brocht some media attention, the baund bein invitit tae mak a televised appearance.

In 1981, the neisht album ''Breaker'' wis released, an the baund employed manager Gaby Hauke. Accept joined [[Judas Priest]]'s warld tour anaw an obtained attention ootside o [[Europe]] for the first time.

''[[Restless and Wild]]'' wis released in 1982, awtho Jörg Fischer quit the baund a short time afore the recordin teuk place. Jan Koemmet wis hired as guitarist, but depairtit frae the baund afore the recordin o the album.&lt;ref&gt;Interview on Metallian website&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Answer in the Ask Udo section of www.udo-online.de&lt;/ref&gt; ''Restless and Wild'' saw an evolution in the baund's soond, whilk incorporated characteristics definin the genre later dubbed [[speed metal]]. Gaby Hauke wis creditit as &quot;Deaffy&quot; on twa o the tracks.

===Mainstream success (1983–1987)===
Accept's next release, ''[[Balls to the Wall]]'' wis in 1983, nou wi guitarist [[Herman Frank]] (ex-[[Sinner (baund)|Sinner]]). The album wis mair conceptual, an includit leerical themes aboot [[politics]], [[human sexuality|sexuality]] an human relationships. &quot;Balls to the Wall&quot; refers tae slaves revoltin agin oppressin maisters, &quot;Fight It Back&quot; is anent social misfits fechtin agin conformity. Aw sangs wis creditit tae Accept an &quot;Deaffy&quot;. Deaffy wis manager Gaby Hauke's pseudonym as the baund's leericist, awtho she didnae offeecially claim awnership till the baund haed braken up for the seicont time.

Durin a 1983 shaw in thair hametown the baund met Jörg Fischer bi chance an, on Hauke's insistence, Fischer rejoined the baund. A warld tour follaeed throu 1984, includin the [[Monsters of Rock]] festival.

''[[Metal Heart]]'' wis released in 1985. Produced bi [[Scorpions (baund)|Scorpions]] producer [[Dieter Dierks]], it presentit the baund's creative peak. Accept toured the warld supportin the album, an documentit the live shows wi the live mini-album ''[[Kaizoku-Ban]]''.

The follae up ''[[Russian Roulette (Accept album)|Russian Roulette]]'' wis released in 1986. In 1987 Udo Dirkschneider decidit tae embark on a solo career. Supportin this decision, the sangwritin team in Accept wrote his entire solo album, released in 1987 as &quot;Animal House&quot; unner the baund moniker [[U.D.O.]]

===David Reece period an first hiatus (1988–1991)===
Parallel tae wirk on &quot;Animal House&quot;, Accept stairtit tae audeetion vocalists. The baund treed oot a few sangsters, includin [[Baby Tuckoo]] sangster Rob Armitage, wham thay even featurt in promo photos an metal magazine interviews, an recordit demos wi an aw. Housomeivver, American [[David Reece]] wis chosen an this new line-up recordit an released ''[[Eat the Heat]]''.

Accept's career cam tae a suddent halt whan Stefan Kaufmann sustained a serious injury tae his back mid-tour. He wis briefly replacit bi drummer Ken Mary for the remainder o the US tour. bi the tour end in late 1989, the baund decidit that athoot Kaufmann, an wi differences surfacin wi Reece, it wis time cease its activities for the time bein.

===Reunion wi Dirkschneider (1992–1996)===
[[image:Accept-04.jpg|thumb|210px|left|Umwhile lead sangster Udo Dirkschneider (far richt) durin Accept's reunion tour in 2005]]
The live album ''[[Staying a Life]]'' recordit in 1985, wis released in 1990 as a souvenir celebratin thair career.

A few years later the ex members met wi Dirkschneider an decidit tae relaunch the baund wi core members Hoffmann, Kaufmann, Dirkschneider an Baltes.

The comeback album ''[[Objection Overruled (album)|Objection Overruled]]'' wis released in 1993 an wis a qualifeed success in Europe an the USA. A warld tour follaeed, wi anither album entitled ''[[Death Row (album)|Death Row]]'', which wis released in 1994. Kaufmann became unable tae play ance again due tae his recurrin back injury an Stefan Schwarzmann became the temporary replacement.

''[[Predator (album)|Predator]]'' wis recordit in 1996, in Nashville wi Udo's lang time (schuil) friend an producer Michael Wagener at the helm an wi Michael Cartellone (frae [[Damn Yankees (band)|Damn Yankees]]) guestin on drums. Accept's tour supportin ''[[Predator (album)|Predator]]'', teuk in North Americae, Sooth Americae, Europe an [[Asie]], wi thair last concert in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].

===Seicont hiatus an brief resurrection (1997–2005)===
Atween 1997 an 2005 aw members continued wirkin on thair awn projects. In 2005 Accept receivit an invitation frae various European promoters for a short simmer European Festival tour wi Accept's classic line-up (Hoffmann, Baltes, Dirkschneider, Frank an Schwarzmann). Thir festivals turned oot tae be a stunnin success, wi the last shaw on 27 August 2005, in [[Kavarna]], [[Bulgarie]] at the [[Kaliakra rock fest]].

Asked in Mey 2007 if Accept wur plannin on writin an recordin new material in the near futur, Dirkschneider repleed:

{{cquote2|That would be a problem. You know, it's easy to play the old songs, because they already exist. Especially for me it was easier, because I still do those classics with U.D.O., but for some of the guys it was a bit harder. But everybody did a great job on stage. I understand that people want a new Accept album, but composing songs thegither would have been a disaster. That way we would destroy more than we would create. We have a good relationship now and it's best to keep it that way.|Udo Dirkschneider|''Lords of Metal''&lt;ref name=&quot;futurealbum&quot;&gt;{{cite web | date=May 1, 2007 | title=Udo Dirkschneider says it would be a 'problem' to write new ACCEPT songs with Wolf Hoffmann | work=Lords of Metal | publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=72908 | accessdate=2007-05-19 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523101054/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=72908 | archivedate=2007-05-23 | deadurl=no | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

On 14 Mey 2009 [[Udo Dirkschneider]] offeecially annooncit that he wad no be pairticipatin in the rumoured Accept reunion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| date=May 14, 2009 | title=No Accept Reunion In The Works | publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=72908 | accessdate=2009-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Return wi Mark Tornillo (2009–present)===
[[image:AcceptStockolm2010-2.JPG|thumb|210px|right|Mark Tornillo (pictured in the middle) wi guitarist Wolf Hoffmann in Stockholm, 20 Mey 2010. Tornillo replacit [[Udo Dirkschneider]] as the baund's vocalist when Accept reformit in 2009.]]
At the end o Mey 2009 rumours again surfacit on a possible Accept reformation when bassist [[Peter Baltes]] revealed he spent a weekend at his hoose in Pennsylvania &quot;shreddin awey&quot; wi guitarist [[Wolf Hoffmann]]. &quot;Something amazing is in the works,&quot; Baltes explained. &quot;As soon as I can, I'll let everybody know. Let's make the 'Metal Heart' beat again.&quot;

A coincidental meetin atween Accept an umwhile [[TT Quick]] sangster Mark Tornillo at this informal jam session meant shortly efter Tornillo wis annooncit as the new vocalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;reunion&quot; /&gt;

A new album wis written an recordit wi [[Andy Sneap]] (o [[Megadeth]], [[Blaze Bayley|BLAZE]], [[Exodus (baund)|Exodus]], [[Testament (baund)|Testament]], [[Arch Enemy]] an [[Onslaught (baund)|Onslaught]] fame) as producer. Titled ''[[Blood of the Nations]]'', it wis the first oreeginal Accept album in fowerteen years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=9:19 PM |url=http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=53004 |title=Accept Reveals New Album Title - in Metal News |publisher=Metal Underground.com |date= |accessdate=2010-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The new line-up made thair live debut on 8 Mey 2010 at the Gramercy Theatre in [[New York Ceety]], thair first American concert in fifteen years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | date=May 11, 2010 | title=Restless And Wild Again, Accept Storms New York City | publisher=[[Attention Deficit Delirium]] | url=http://bryanreesman.com/blog/2010/05/11/restless-and-wild-again-accept-storms-new-york-city/ | accessdate=2010-07-28 | archive-date=2010-05-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522012508/http://www.bryanreesman.com/blog/2010/05/11/restless-and-wild-again-accept-storms-new-york-city/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 21 Mey 2010 thair video for &quot;Teutonic Terror&quot; wis nummer 5 on the warldwide video chairts in aw genres on MySpace, toppin sic airtists as [[Miley Cyrus]], [[Justin Bieber]] an [[Christina Aguilera]].  The video topped the MySpace Global Metal Charts at Number 1 an aw.

[[image:Hoffmann.jpg|thumb|333px|right|Wolf Hoffmann wi Accept in [[Minsk]], [[Belaroushie]], 2011.]]

On 13 Juin 2010 Accept opened for [[AC/DC]] in Stuttgart, Germany, an on 25 Juin 2010 heidlined the Sonisphere festival in Romanie an Turkey. Wi a set o ower 2 oors, classics lik &quot;Balls to the Wall&quot;, &quot;Metal Heart&quot; an &quot;Princess of the Dawn&quot; wur played alang wi the new album material. ''[[Blood of the Nations]]'' wis released in Europe on 20 August 2010 an made a chairt debut at Number 4 in the offeecial German Media Control Charts, the baund’s heichest chairt debut in thair career.

''[[Blood of the Nations]]'' wis released 4 September in Japan, an 18 September 2010 in the Unitit States. Accept spent 80 days on a simmer tour travelin ower 65,000&amp;nbsp;km an playin for ower 450,000 fans. In October, the baund appeared at the prestigious Japanese Festival LOUDPARK ootside o Tokyo tae 40,000 fans alang wi [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[Motörhead]] an [[Stone Sour]].

Athin a month o the release o ''Blood of the Nations'', Wolf Hoffmann tauld &quot;Metal Asylum&quot; ; &quot;We are already thinking about and writing for the next record. We've all missed doing Accept and we realized we missed doing this. Of course we are not 20 years old anymore and not ready to do just anything to be successful, we're not that desperate. [laughs] We are looking to do what makes sense and that's fun.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;newmusic&quot;&gt;{{cite web | date=September 27, 2010 | title=Accept Guitarist: 'We Are Already Thinking About And Writing For The Next Record' | publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=146759 | accessdate=2011-03-24 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Accordin tae bassist [[Peter Baltes]], Accept will wirk wi [[Andy Sneap]] again tae produce the new album, which he hopes will be completit bi early 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | date=May 24, 2011 | title=Accept Bassist Hopes To Have New Album Completed By Early Next Year | publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=158525 | accessdate=2011-05-24 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 November 2011, it wis annooncit that the album will be cried ''[[Stalingrad (Accept album)|Stalingrad]]'' an is due for release in Aprile 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | date=May 24, 2011 | title=Accept: New Album Title Revealed | publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=166048 | accessdate=2011-11-13 | archive-date=2011-11-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115043956/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=166048 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lineup==
===Current members===
*[[Mark Tornillo]] - Vocals (2009-) (TT Quick)
*[[Wolf Hoffmann]] - Guitars (1975-)
*[[Uwe Lulis]] – Guitars (2015-)
*[[Philip Shouse]] – Guitars (2019-)
*[[Christopher Williams]] – Drums (2015-)
*[[Martin Motnik]] – Bass (2019-)

===Umwhile members===
;Vocals
*[[Udo Dirkschneider]] (1968-1987, 1992-1997, 2005) (U.D.O., The Alex Parche Project)
*Rob Armitage (1987-1988) (Baby Tuckoo, Jagged Edgy)
*[[David Reece]] (1988-1989) (Bangalore Choir, Sircle of Silence, Stream, Gypsy Rose)

;Guitars
*[[Michael Wagener]] (1968-1970)
*Jan Koemmet (1981) (Bad Steve)
*Gerhard Wahl (1976-1978)
*[[Jörg Fischer]] (1978-1982, 1984-1988)
*Jim Stacey (1989)
*[[Herman Frank]] - Guitars (1982-1984, 2005-2014) (Victory, Sinner, Hazzard, Moon Doc, Saeko, Thomsen) 

;Bass
*Dieter &quot;Rubi&quot; Rubach (1968-1975) (Bad Steve)
*[[Peter Baltes]] - Bass, Vocals (1975-2018) (Deuxmonkey)

;Drums
*Birke Hoe (1971-1976)
*Frank Friedrich (1976-1979) (Bad Steve)
*[[Stefan Kaufmann]] (1980-1994) ([[U.D.O.]])
*Ken Mary (1989) ([[Fifth Angel]], [[James Byrd]], [[Alice Cooper]], [[Chastain]], [[David T. Chastain]], Impellitteri, Strike, TKO, [[Randy Hansen]], House Of Lords, Soul Shock Remedy)
*Michael Cartellone (1995-1997) ([[Damn Yankees]], [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]])
*[[Stefan Schwarzmann]] - Drums (1994-1995, 2005-2014) ([[Krokus]], [[Helloween]], Paradox, [[Running Wild]], [[U.D.O.]], Voice, Cronos Titan, [[X-Wild]], Herman Frank, Thomsen)

==Discography==
{{main|Accept discography}}
;Studio Albums
*''[[Accept (Accept album)|Accept]]'' (1979)
*''[[I'm a Rebel]]'' (1980)
*''[[Breaker (album)|Breaker]]'' (1981)
*''[[Restless and Wild]]'' (1982)
*''[[Balls to the Wall]]'' (1983)
*''[[Metal Heart]]'' (1985)
*''[[Russian Roulette (album)|Russian Roulette]]'' (1986)
*''[[Eat the Heat]]'' (1989)
*''[[Objection Overruled (album)|Objection Overruled]]'' (1993)
*''[[Death Row (album)|Death Row]]'' (1994)
*''[[Predator (album)|Predator]]'' (1996)
*''[[Blood of the Nations]]'' (2010)
*''[[Stalingrad (Accept album)|Stalingrad]]'' (2012)
*''[[Blind Rage]]'' (2014)
*''[[The Rise of Chaos]]'' (2017)
*''[[Too Mean to Die]]'' (2021)
*''Humanoid'' (2024)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat}}
*Accept's offeecial wabsteid [http://www.acceptworldwide.com acceptworldwide.com]
*Offeecial wabsteid for Ken Mary - SonicPhish [http://www.sonicphish.com Arizona Recording Studio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104224/http://www.sonicphish.com/ |date=2011-07-16 }}
*David Reece Interview [http://www.sleazeroxx.com/interviews/reece.shtml @ Sleaze Roxx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611142031/http://www.sleazeroxx.com/interviews/reece.shtml |date=2008-06-11 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.metal-archives.com/band.php?id=198 |title=Encyclopaedia Metallum - Accept |publisher=Metal-archives.com |date= |accessdate=2010-11-11}}
*Complete discography [http://www.musicmight.com/linkto/artist/%7B3BD4A964-90CE-4192-BB29-C27424B @ MusicMight]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:German hivy metal muisical groups]]
[[Category:Speed metal muisical groups]]
[[Category:Muisical groups established in 1968]]
[[Category:Muisical quintets]]</text>
      <sha1>3n1tv7e88g6rmsqf1rqjlw2xzhofuys</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Somalie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11298</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921409</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:33:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtins</comment>
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      <text bytes="9659" sha1="gb3u4317ry4p92it38rpthzmxg92hi8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Federal Republic o Somalie&lt;ref name=&quot;provisional&quot;&gt;The ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of the [http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf Provisional Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=2013-01-24 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|native_name = {{smaller|''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''}} ([[Somali leid|so]])&lt;br/ &gt;{{lower|0.1em|{{big|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}}}} ([[Arabic|ar]])&lt;br/ &gt;{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya}}''}}
|common_name = Somalie
|image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg
|image_map = Location Somalia AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
|image_map2= Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg
|national_anthem = {{lang|so|''[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]''}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt; 
|official_languages = {{hlist|[[Somali leid|Somali]] |[[Arabic]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Federal Republic of Somalia – Provisional Constitution|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bct8nAdJ?url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|archivedate=2012-10-23|accessdate=13 March 2013|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=2013-01-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|official_religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|demonym = {{hlist |Somali&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|access-date=2017-02-08|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; |Somalian&lt;ref name=Pdllwcpaz&gt;{{cite book |author=Paul Dickson|title=Labels for Locals : What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe |url=https://archive.org/details/labelsforlocalsw00dick|publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-088164-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/labelsforlocalsw00dick/page/208 208] |edition=1st Collins |accessdate=20 August 2012 |date=15 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|ethnic_groups = {{hlist| [[Somali fowk|Somalis]] (85%) | [[Benadiri fowk|Benadiris]] | [[Somali Bantu|Bantus]] an ither nan-Somalis (15%)&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;}}
|government_type = [[Federal Govrenment o Somalie|Federal pairlamentar republic]]
|leader_title1 = Preses
|leader_name1 = [[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed]]
|leader_title2 = Prime Meenister
|leader_name2 = [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]]
|legislature = [[Federal Pairlament o Somalie|Federal Pairlament]]
|capital = [[Mogadishu]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}}
|largest_city = Mogadishu
|area_km2 = 637,657
|area_sq_mi = 246,200 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|area_rank = {{smaller|44t}}
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|percent_water = 
|population_estimate = 10,428,043&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2014
|population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|86t}}
|population_density_km2 = 16.12&lt;ref name=&quot;Cwfppdn&quot;&gt;[http://www.photius.com/rankings/geography/population_density_persons_per_sq_km_2011_0.html CIA World Factbook 2011 – Population density]. Photius.com (2011-05-25). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = {{smaller|199t}}
|GDP_PPP_year = 2010
|GDP_PPP = $5.896 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = {{smaller|163rd}}
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $600&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|224t}}
|Gini_year = |Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; |Gini = &lt;!--number only--&gt; |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2011
|HDI_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = 
|HDI_rank = unranked
|sovereignty_type = [[History o Somalie|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Somali maritime history|Somali ceety-states]]
|established_date1 = {{circa}} 200 {{small|[[Afore Common Era|BCE]]}}
|established_event2 = [[Sultanate o Mogadishu]]
|established_date2 = 10t century
|established_event3 = [[Warsangali Sultanate]]
|established_date3 = 13t century
|established_event4 = [[Ajuran Sultanate|Ajuran Empire]]
|established_date4 = 13t century
|established_event5 = [[Majeerteen Sultanate]]
|established_date5 = 18t century
|established_event6 = [[Breetish Somaliland]]
|established_date6 = 1884
|established_event7 = [[Italian Somaliland]]
|established_date7 = 1889
|established_event8 = Union, Independence an Constitution
|established_date8 = 1 July 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|established_event9 = [[Constitution o Somalie|Seicont Constitution]]
|established_date9 = 25 August 1979&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|established_event10 = [[Constitution o Somalie|Current Constitution]]
|established_date10 = 1 August 2012
|currency = [[Somali shilling]]
|currency_code = SOS
|time_zone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset = +3
|time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|no observit}}
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|drives_on = richt
|calling_code = [[+252]]
|cctld = [[.so]]
}}
[[File:Pembe la fedheha.png|thumb|.]]
[[File:Somalia-regions-states 2.png|thumb|Territorial Organization]]
'''Somalie''' ({{pron-en|soʊˈmɑːliə}} {{respell|soh|MAH|lee-ə}}; {{lang-so|Soomaaliya|italic=yes}}; {{lang-ar|الصومال}} {{transl|ar|''aṣ-Ṣūmāl''}}), offeecially the '''Federal Republic o Somalie''' ({{lang-so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya|italic=yes}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}} {{transl|ar|''Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya''}}), is a kintra situate in the [[Horn o Africae]]. It is bordered bi [[Djibouti]] tae the northwast, [[Kenyae]] tae the soothwast, the [[Gulf o Aden]] wi [[Yemen]] tae the north, the [[Indie Ocean]] tae the aest, an [[Ethiopie]] tae the wast. Wi the langest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly o [[plateau]]s, [[plain]]s an [[Hieland]]s.

In antiquity, Somalie wis a important centre for commerce wi the rest o the auncient warld. Its sailors an merchants war the main suppleers o [[frankincense]], [[myrrh]] an [[spice]]s, items that war considered valuable luxuries bi the [[Auncient Egyptians]], [[Phoenicie]]s, [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaeans]] an [[Babylon]]ians wi whom the [[Somali fowk]] tradit. The auncient Puntites war a naition o fowk that haed close relations wi [[Pharaoh|Pharaonic Egyp]] durin the times o [[Pharaoh]] [[Sahure]] an [[Queen regnant|Queen]] [[Hatshepsut]]. The [[Architectur o Somalie|pyramidal structures]], [[temples]] an auncient hooses o [[masonry|dressed stane]] littered aroon the kintra are said tae date frae this period. Durin the Middle Ages, several pouerfou Somali empires dominatit the regional tred, includin the [[Ajuuraan State]], the [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate o Adal]], the [[Warsangali Sultanate]] an the [[Gobroon Dynasty]].
[[File:Erigavo2.jpg|thumb|left|Pathway in old Erigavo.]]
[[File:Somalia (Somaliland)(023).jpg|thumb|The [[Dahabshiil]] in [[Hargeisa]].]]
[[File:EgalInternationalAirport.jpg|thumb|The [[Hargeisa International Airport]] in [[Hargeisa]].]]
[[File:Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) head.jpg|thumb|right|Head details]]


Somalie wis never formally colonized. [[Muhammad Abdullah Hassan]]'s [[Dervish State]] successfully repulsed the [[Breetish Empire]] fower times an forced it tae retreat tae the coastal region. Due tae thir successfu expeditions, the Dervish State wis recognised as an ally bi the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] an [[German Empire]]s.  [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkish fowk|Turks]] an aa named Hassan [[Emir]] o the Somali naition, an the [[German fowk|Germans]] promised tae offeecially recognise ony territories the Dervishes wur tae acquire. Efter a quarter o a century o haudin the Breetish at bay, the Dervishes war finally defeatit in 1920 as a direct consequence o Breetain's new policy o [[Airstrike|aerial bombardment]]. As a result o this bombardment, umwhile Dervish territories war turned intae a [[protectorate]] o Breetain. [[France]] faced seemilar opposition frae Somali [[Sultan]]s an armies, an did nae acquire full control o pairts o modren Somalie til the [[Italy]]'s [[Fascist|Fascist era]] in late 1927. This occupation lasted til 1941, an wis replaced bi a [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] [[militar admeenistration]]. Northren Somalie wad remain a [[protectorate]], while soothren Somalie became a [[Unitit Naitions Trusteeship|trusteeship]]. The [[Union]] o the twa regions in 1960s formed the [[Somali Republic]]. A civilian govrenment wis formed, an on 20 Julie 1961, throuch a popular [[referendum]], a new [[constitution]] that haed first been drafted the year afore wis ratified.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Somalia}}

[[Category:Somalie| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:Dividit regions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1960]]
[[Category:Least Developed Kintras]]
[[Category:Member states o the Arab League]]
[[Category:Member states o the African Union]]
[[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]</text>
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      <id>921434</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:44:57Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="9658" sha1="ob2aqx9m5b6syf4c2rxlq09l0wgxdjs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox kintra
|conventional_long_name = Federal Republic o Somalie&lt;ref name=&quot;provisional&quot;&gt;The ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of the [http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf Provisional Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=2013-01-24 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|native_name = {{smaller|''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''}} ([[Somali leid|so]])&lt;br/ &gt;{{lower|0.1em|{{big|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}}}} ([[Arabic|ar]])&lt;br/ &gt;{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya}}''}}
|common_name = Somalie
|image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg
|image_map = Location Somalia AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
|image_map2= Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg
|national_anthem = {{lang|so|''[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]''}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt; 
|official_languages = {{hlist|[[Somali leid|Somali]] |[[Arabic]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Federal Republic of Somalia – Provisional Constitution|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bct8nAdJ?url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|archivedate=2012-10-23|accessdate=13 March 2013|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=2013-01-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|official_religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|demonym = {{hlist |Somali&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|access-date=2017-02-08|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; |Somalian&lt;ref name=Pdllwcpaz&gt;{{cite book |author=Paul Dickson|title=Labels for Locals : What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe |url=https://archive.org/details/labelsforlocalsw00dick|publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-088164-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/labelsforlocalsw00dick/page/208 208] |edition=1st Collins |accessdate=20 August 2012 |date=15 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|ethnic_groups = {{hlist| [[Somali fowk|Somalis]] (85%) | [[Benadiri fowk|Benadiris]] | [[Somali Bantu|Bantus]] an ither nan-Somalis (15%)&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;}}
|government_type = [[Federal Govrenment o Somalie|Federal pairlamentar republic]]
|leader_title1 = Preses
|leader_name1 = [[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed]]
|leader_title2 = Prime Meenister
|leader_name2 = [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]]
|legislature = [[Federal Pairlament o Somalie|Federal Pairlament]]
|capital = [[Mogadishu]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}}
|largest_city = Mogadishu
|area_km2 = 637,657
|area_sq_mi = 246,200 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|area_rank = {{smaller|44t}}
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|percent_water = 
|population_estimate = 10,428,043&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2014
|population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|86t}}
|population_density_km2 = 16.12&lt;ref name=&quot;Cwfppdn&quot;&gt;[http://www.photius.com/rankings/geography/population_density_persons_per_sq_km_2011_0.html CIA World Factbook 2011 – Population density]. Photius.com (2011-05-25). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = {{smaller|199t}}
|GDP_PPP_year = 2010
|GDP_PPP = $5.896 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = {{smaller|163rd}}
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $600&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|224t}}
|Gini_year = |Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; |Gini = &lt;!--number only--&gt; |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2011
|HDI_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = 
|HDI_rank = unranked
|sovereignty_type = [[History o Somalie|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Somali maritime history|Somali ceety-states]]
|established_date1 = {{circa}} 200 {{small|[[Afore Common Era|BCE]]}}
|established_event2 = [[Sultanate o Mogadishu]]
|established_date2 = 10t century
|established_event3 = [[Warsangali Sultanate]]
|established_date3 = 13t century
|established_event4 = [[Ajuran Sultanate|Ajuran Empire]]
|established_date4 = 13t century
|established_event5 = [[Majeerteen Sultanate]]
|established_date5 = 18t century
|established_event6 = [[Breetish Somaliland]]
|established_date6 = 1884
|established_event7 = [[Italian Somaliland]]
|established_date7 = 1889
|established_event8 = Union, Independence an Constitution
|established_date8 = 1 July 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|established_event9 = [[Constitution o Somalie|Seicont Constitution]]
|established_date9 = 25 August 1979&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
|established_event10 = [[Constitution o Somalie|Current Constitution]]
|established_date10 = 1 August 2012
|currency = [[Somali shilling]]
|currency_code = SOS
|time_zone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset = +3
|time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|no observit}}
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|drives_on = richt
|calling_code = [[+252]]
|cctld = [[.so]]
}}
[[File:Pembe la fedheha.png|thumb|.]]
[[File:Somalia-regions-states 2.png|thumb|Territorial Organization]]
'''Somalie''' ({{pron-en|soʊˈmɑːliə}} {{respell|soh|MAH|lee-ə}}; {{lang-so|Soomaaliya|italic=yes}}; {{lang-ar|الصومال}} {{transl|ar|''aṣ-Ṣūmāl''}}), offeecially the '''Federal Republic o Somalie''' ({{lang-so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya|italic=yes}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}} {{transl|ar|''Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya''}}), is a kintra situate in the [[Horn o Africae]]. It is bordered bi [[Djibouti]] tae the northwast, [[Kenyae]] tae the soothwast, the [[Gulf o Aden]] wi [[Yemen]] tae the north, the [[Indie Ocean]] tae the aest, an [[Ethiopie]] tae the wast. Wi the langest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly o [[plateau]]s, [[plain]]s an [[Hieland]]s.

In antiquity, Somalie wis a important centre for commerce wi the rest o the auncient warld. Its sailors an merchants war the main suppleers o [[frankincense]], [[myrrh]] an [[spice]]s, items that war considered valuable luxuries bi the [[Auncient Egyptians]], [[Phoenicie]]s, [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaeans]] an [[Babylon]]ians wi whom the [[Somali fowk]] tradit. The auncient Puntites war a naition o fowk that haed close relations wi [[Pharaoh|Pharaonic Egyp]] durin the times o [[Pharaoh]] [[Sahure]] an [[Queen regnant|Queen]] [[Hatshepsut]]. The [[Architectur o Somalie|pyramidal structures]], [[temples]] an auncient hooses o [[masonry|dressed stane]] littered aroon the kintra are said tae date frae this period. Durin the Middle Ages, several pouerfou Somali empires dominatit the regional tred, includin the [[Ajuuraan State]], the [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate o Adal]], the [[Warsangali Sultanate]] an the [[Gobroon Dynasty]].
[[File:Erigavo2.jpg|thumb|left|Pathway in old Erigavo.]]
[[File:Somalia (Somaliland)(023).jpg|thumb|The [[Dahabshiil]] in [[Hargeisa]].]]
[[File:EgalInternationalAirport.jpg|thumb|The [[Hargeisa International Airport]] in [[Hargeisa]].]]
[[File:Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) head.jpg|thumb|right|Head details]]


Somalie wis never formally colonized. [[Muhammad Abdullah Hassan]]'s [[Dervish State]] successfully repulsed the [[Breetish Empire]] fower times an forced it tae retreat tae the coastal region. Due tae thir successfu expeditions, the Dervish State wis recognised as an ally bi the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] an [[German Empire]]s.  [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkish fowk|Turks]] an aa named Hassan [[Emir]] o the Somali naition, an the [[German fowk|Germans]] promised tae offeecially recognise ony territories the Dervishes wur tae acquire. Efter a quarter o a century o haudin the Breetish at bay, the Dervishes war finally defeatit in 1920 as a direct consequence o Breetain's new policy o [[Airstrike|aerial bombardment]]. As a result o this bombardment, umwhile Dervish territories war turned intae a [[protectorate]] o Breetain. [[France]] faced seemilar opposition frae Somali [[Sultan]]s an armies, an did nae acquire full control o pairts o modren Somalie til the [[Italy]]'s [[Fascist|Fascist era]] in late 1927. This occupation lasted til 1941, an wis replaced bi a [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] [[militar admeenistration]]. Northren Somalie wad remain a [[protectorate]], while soothren Somalie became a [[Unitit Naitions Trusteeship|trusteeship]]. The [[Union]] o the twa regions in 1960s formed the [[Somali Republic]]. A civilian govrenment wis formed, an on 20 Julie 1961, throuch a popular [[referendum]], a new [[constitution]] that haed first been drafted the year afore wis ratified.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Somalia}}

[[Category:Somalie| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:Dividit regions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1960]]
[[Category:Least Developed Kintras]]
[[Category:Member states o the Arab League]]
[[Category:Member states o the African Union]]
[[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>EFL Championship</title>
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      <id>921483</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:06:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
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      <text bytes="11911" sha1="f6opwc0ht4hkxtslr6pje7iakiqw0r6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football league
| name       = EFL Championship
| logo       = 
| pixels     = 150
| kintra     = [[Ingland]]&lt;br&gt;[[Wales]]
| confed     = [[UEFA]]
| foondit    = 2004-present&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1992–2004 ''(as Division One)''&lt;br /&gt;1892–1992 ''(as Division Two)''&lt;/small&gt;
| teams      = 24
| promotion  = [[Premier League]]
| relegation = [[Football League One|League One]]
| domest_cup = [[FA Cup]], [[Football League Cup|League Cup]]
| confed_cup = 
|champions  = [[A.F.C. Bournemouth|AFC Bournemouth]]
|most_champs = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] an [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] (2 titles)
| season     = [[2015–16 Football League|2015–15]]
| most champs = 
| sponsorship_name = 
| tv         = Sky Sports
| wabsteid   = [http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/ChampionshipHome/ Offeecial steid]
| current    = [[2015–16 Football League Championship]]
}}
The '''English Football League Championship''' (aften referred tae as '''The Championship''' for short, or the '''[[Sky Bet]] Championship''' for sponsorship raisons) is the heichest diveesion o the [[English Football League]] an seicont-heichest diveesion oweraw in the [[Inglis fitbaw league seestem]] efter the [[Premier League]].&lt;!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed:  [[File:wolveschampions.jpg|left|thumb|Karl Henry (left) and Jody Craddock (right) lift the Championship trophy for current champions [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]&lt;/p&gt;{{Copyright - Express and Star News|[http://www.expressandstar.co.uk]}} {{deletable image-caption}}]] --&gt;

The Football League Championship wis introducit for the 2004–05 saison, haein been previously kent as the [[Football League First Division]]. Accordin tae [[Deloitte]], in the 2004–05 saison it wis the walthiest nan-top flicht [[fitbaw]] diveesion in the warld, an the saxt richest diveesion in [[Europe]].

The winners o the Football League Championship receive the Football League Championship trophy&lt;!--, pictured left,--&gt; which is the same trophy as the auld First Division Champions (nou the [[Premier League]]) wur haundit prior tae the Premier League's inception in the 1992/1993 season.

==Current members==
{{location map+ |England |float=right |width=550 |caption=Locations of the 2018–19 Football League Championship teams |places=
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.5155|long=-0.0922|label=[[Lunnon]]|mark=Blue pog.svg|label_size=85|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.4977|long=-1.9057|label=[[Wast Midlands (coonty)|{{nowrap|West Midlands}}]]|mark=Green pog.svg|label_size=85|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.7286 |long=-2.4892 |label=&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;top:6px;&quot;&gt;[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|{{nowrap|Blackburn Rovers}}]]&lt;/div&gt;|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.5805 |long=-2.5355 |label=[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|{{nowrap|Bolton Wanderers}}]]|label_size=85 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.4401 |long=-2.6203 |label=[[Bristol City F.C.|{{nowrap|Bristol City}}]] |label_size=85 |position=top}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.9149 |long=-1.4472 |label=[[Derby County F.C.|{{nowrap|Derby&amp;nbsp;County}}]]|label_size=85 |position=top}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.746111 |long=-0.367778 |label=[[Hull City A.F.C.|{{nowrap|Hull City}}]] |label_size=85 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.0549 |long=1.1453  |label=[[Ipswich Town F.C.|{{nowrap|Ipswich Town}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.7778 |long=-1.5722 |label=[[Leeds United A.F.C.|{{nowrap|Leeds United}}]] |label_size=85 |position=top}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=54.578333 |long=-1.216944 |label=[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.6221 |long=1.3091  |label=[[Norwich City F.C.|{{nowrap|Norwich City}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.9399 |long=-1.1329 |label=[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|{{nowrap|Nottingham Forest}}]] |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.7722 |long=-2.6884 |label=&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;top:-6px;&quot;&gt;[[Preston North End F.C.|{{nowrap|Preston North End}}]]&lt;/div&gt;|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.4224 |long=-0.9826 |label=[[Reading F.C.|Reading]] |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.4279 |long=-1.3620 |label=[[Rotherham United F.C.|{{nowrap|Rotherham United}}]] |label_size=85 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.3703 |long=-1.4708 |label=[[Sheffield United F.C.|{{nowrap|Sheffield United}}]] |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.4114 |long=-1.5007 |label=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|{{nowrap|Sheffield Wednesday}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.988419 |long=-2.175407 |label=[[Stoke City F.C.|{{nowrap|Stoke City}}]]|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.642752 |long=-3.934588 |label=[[Swansea City A.F.C.|{{nowrap|Swansea City}}]]|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.547778 |long=-2.653889  |label=[[Wigan Athletic F.C.|{{nowrap|Wigan Athletic}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}


&lt;!--DISPLAY OF LONDON TEAMS IN BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER--&gt;
{{Location map~ |England |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=50.4 |long=-0.8 | 
|label=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;'''[[Fitbaw in Lunnon|Lunnon]]&amp;nbsp;teams'''&lt;br&gt;
[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|{{nowrap|Queens Park Rangers}}]]&lt;/div&gt;|position=right}}

&lt;!--DISPLAY OF WEST MIDLANDS TEAMS IN BOTTOM LEFT CORNER--&gt;
{{Location map~ |England |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=50.4 |long=-3 |label=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;'''{{nowrap|[[Leet o fitbaw clubs in the Wast Midlands|Wast Midlands]]&amp;nbsp;teams}}'''&lt;br&gt;
[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]&lt;br&gt;
[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|{{nowrap|West Bromwich Albion}}]]&lt;/div&gt;}}
}}

{{Location map+|Greater London
 |width=370
 |float=right
 |caption=Greater Lunnon Championship fitbaw clubs
 |places =
 {{location map~ |Greater London |lat=51.4882 |long=-0.3026 |mark=Blue 000080 pog.svg |label=&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;top:8px;&quot;&gt;'''[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]'''&lt;/div&gt; |label_size=85 |position=left}}
 {{location map~ |Greater London |lat=51.4859 |long=-0.0509 |mark=Blue 000080 pog.svg |label='''[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]''' |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
 {{location map~ |Greater London |lat=51.5093 |long=-0.2321 |mark=Blue 000080 pog.svg |label='''[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|{{nowrap|Queens Park Rangers}}]]''' |label_size=85 |position=top}}
}}

{{Location map+ |West Midlands
 |caption=Wast Midlands Championship football clubs
 |float=right
 |width=300
 |places=
 {{Location map~ |West Midlands |mark=Green 008000 pog.svg  |lat=52.509167|long=-1.884722|label='''[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston&amp;nbsp;Villa]]'''|position=right}}
 {{Location map~ |West Midlands |mark=Green 008000 pog.svg  |lat=52.475703|long=-1.868189|label='''[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]'''|position=right}}
 {{Location map~ |West Midlands |mark=Green 008000 pog.svg  |lat=52.509167|long=-1.963889|label='''[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]'''|position=left}}
}}

The follaein 24 clubs are competin in the Championship in the [[2018–19 EFL Championship|2018–19]] saison.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!Club
!Feenishin poseetion [[2017–18 Football League Championship|last season]]
!Location
!Stadium
!Capacity&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Football Ground Guide|url=http://www.footballgroundguide.com/leagues/england/championship.html |publisher=Football Ground Guide |accessdate=30 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]||{{ntsh|4}}4t|| [[Birmingham]] || [[Villa Park]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 42,785
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]||{{ntsh|19}}19t|| Birmingham || [[St Andrew's (stadium)|St Andrew's]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,016
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]||{{ntsh|23}}2nt in [[2017–18 EFL League One|League One]] (promotit) || [[Blackburn]] || [[Ewood Park]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 31,367
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] || {{ntsh|21}}21st || [[Bolton]] || [[Macron Stadium]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 28,723
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]||{{ntsh|9}}9th|| [[Greater Lunnon|Lunnon]] &lt;small&gt;([[Brentford]])&lt;/small&gt; || [[Griffin Park]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 12,763
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]||{{ntsh|11}}11t|| [[Bristol]] || [[Ashton Gate Stadium|Ashton Gate]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 27,000
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]]||{{ntsh|6}}6t|| [[Derby]] || [[Pride Park Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 33,597
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] ||{{ntsh|18}}18t||[[Kingston upon Hull]] || [[KCOM Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 25,404
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]]||{{ntsh|12}}12t|| [[Ipswich]] || [[Portman Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,300
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]||{{ntsh|13}}13t|| [[Leeds]] || [[Elland Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 37,900
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]||{{ntsh|5}}5t|| [[Middlesbrough]] ||  [[Riverside Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 34,742
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]] || {{ntsh|8}}8t || Lunnon &lt;small&gt;([[South Bermondsey]])&lt;/small&gt; || [[The Den]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 20,146
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]]||{{ntsh|14}}14t|| [[Norwich]] || [[Carrow Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 27,220
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]||{{ntsh|17}}17t|| [[Nottingham]] || [[City Ground]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,576
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]||{{ntsh|7}}7t|| [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]] || [[Deepdale]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 23,408
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]||{{ntsh|16}}16t|| Lunnon &lt;small&gt;([[Shepherd's Bush]])&lt;/small&gt; || [[Loftus Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 18,360
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Reading F.C.|Reading]]||{{ntsh|20}}20th|| [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] || [[Madejski Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 24,200
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Rotherham United F.C.|Rotherham United]]|| {{ntsh|24}}4t in [[2017–18 EFL League One|League One]] (promotit via play-affs) || [[Rotherham]] || [[New York Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 12,021
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] ||{{ntsh|10}}10t|| [[Sheffield]] || [[Bramall Lane]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 32,702
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]||{{ntsh|15}}15t|| Sheffield || [[Hillsborough Stadium|Hillsborough]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 34,854
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]||{{ntsh|2}}19t in [[2017–18 Premier League|Premier League]] (relegatit)|| [[Stoke-on-Trent]] || [[bet365 Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,089
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]||{{ntsh|1}}18t in [[2017–18 Premier League|Premier League]] (relegatit)|| [[Swansea]] || [[Liberty Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 21,088
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]||{{ntsh|3}}20t in [[2017–18 Premier League|Premier League]] (relegatit)|| [[West Bromwich]] || [[The Hawthorns]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 26,850
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]]||{{ntsh|22}}1st in [[2017–18 EFL League One|League One]] (promotit) || [[Wigan]] || [[DW Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 25,133
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:EFL Championship| ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw leagues in Ingland]]
[[Category:English Football League]]</text>
      <sha1>f6opwc0ht4hkxtslr6pje7iakiqw0r6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921484</id>
      <parentid>921483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:06:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin red airtins</comment>
      <origin>921484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11891" sha1="k1x65cajibkhtt2tmccb2nbpginq3of" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football league
| name       = EFL Championship
| logo       = 
| pixels     = 150
| kintra     = [[Ingland]]&lt;br&gt;[[Wales]]
| confed     = [[UEFA]]
| foondit    = 2004-present&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1992–2004 ''(as Division One)''&lt;br /&gt;1892–1992 ''(as Division Two)''&lt;/small&gt;
| teams      = 24
| promotion  = [[Premier League]]
| relegation = [[Football League One|League One]]
| domest_cup = [[FA Cup]], [[Football League Cup|League Cup]]
| confed_cup = 
|champions  = [[A.F.C. Bournemouth|AFC Bournemouth]]
|most_champs = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] an [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] (2 titles)
| season     = [[2015–16 Football League|2015–15]]
| most champs = 
| sponsorship_name = 
| tv         = Sky Sports
| wabsteid   = [http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/ChampionshipHome/ Offeecial steid]
| current    = [[2015–16 Football League Championship]]
}}
The '''English Football League Championship''' (aften referred tae as '''The Championship''' for short, or the '''Sky Bet Championship''' for sponsorship raisons) is the heichest diveesion o the English Football League an seicont-heichest diveesion oweraw in the Inglis fitbaw league seestem efter the [[Premier League]].&lt;!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed:  [[File:wolveschampions.jpg|left|thumb|Karl Henry (left) and Jody Craddock (right) lift the Championship trophy for current champions [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]&lt;/p&gt;{{Copyright - Express and Star News|[http://www.expressandstar.co.uk]}} {{deletable image-caption}}]] --&gt;

The Football League Championship wis introducit for the 2004–05 saison, haein been previously kent as the Football League First Division. Accordin tae Deloitte, in the 2004–05 saison it wis the walthiest nan-top flicht [[fitbaw]] diveesion in the warld, an the saxt richest diveesion in [[Europe]].

The winners o the Football League Championship receive the Football League Championship trophy&lt;!--, pictured left,--&gt; which is the same trophy as the auld First Division Champions (nou the [[Premier League]]) wur haundit prior tae the Premier League's inception in the 1992/1993 season.

==Current members==
{{location map+ |England |float=right |width=550 |caption=Locations of the 2018–19 Football League Championship teams |places=
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.5155|long=-0.0922|label=[[Lunnon]]|mark=Blue pog.svg|label_size=85|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.4977|long=-1.9057|label=[[Wast Midlands (coonty)|{{nowrap|West Midlands}}]]|mark=Green pog.svg|label_size=85|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.7286 |long=-2.4892 |label=&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;top:6px;&quot;&gt;[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|{{nowrap|Blackburn Rovers}}]]&lt;/div&gt;|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.5805 |long=-2.5355 |label=[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|{{nowrap|Bolton Wanderers}}]]|label_size=85 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.4401 |long=-2.6203 |label=[[Bristol City F.C.|{{nowrap|Bristol City}}]] |label_size=85 |position=top}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.9149 |long=-1.4472 |label=[[Derby County F.C.|{{nowrap|Derby&amp;nbsp;County}}]]|label_size=85 |position=top}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.746111 |long=-0.367778 |label=[[Hull City A.F.C.|{{nowrap|Hull City}}]] |label_size=85 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.0549 |long=1.1453  |label=[[Ipswich Town F.C.|{{nowrap|Ipswich Town}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.7778 |long=-1.5722 |label=[[Leeds United A.F.C.|{{nowrap|Leeds United}}]] |label_size=85 |position=top}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=54.578333 |long=-1.216944 |label=[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.6221 |long=1.3091  |label=[[Norwich City F.C.|{{nowrap|Norwich City}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.9399 |long=-1.1329 |label=[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|{{nowrap|Nottingham Forest}}]] |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.7722 |long=-2.6884 |label=&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;top:-6px;&quot;&gt;[[Preston North End F.C.|{{nowrap|Preston North End}}]]&lt;/div&gt;|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.4224 |long=-0.9826 |label=[[Reading F.C.|Reading]] |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.4279 |long=-1.3620 |label=[[Rotherham United F.C.|{{nowrap|Rotherham United}}]] |label_size=85 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.3703 |long=-1.4708 |label=[[Sheffield United F.C.|{{nowrap|Sheffield United}}]] |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.4114 |long=-1.5007 |label=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|{{nowrap|Sheffield Wednesday}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=52.988419 |long=-2.175407 |label=[[Stoke City F.C.|{{nowrap|Stoke City}}]]|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=51.642752 |long=-3.934588 |label=[[Swansea City A.F.C.|{{nowrap|Swansea City}}]]|label_size=85 |position=left}}
{{location map~ |England |lat=53.547778 |long=-2.653889  |label=[[Wigan Athletic F.C.|{{nowrap|Wigan Athletic}}]] |label_size=85 |position=left}}


&lt;!--DISPLAY OF LONDON TEAMS IN BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER--&gt;
{{Location map~ |England |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=50.4 |long=-0.8 | 
|label=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;'''[[Fitbaw in Lunnon|Lunnon]]&amp;nbsp;teams'''&lt;br&gt;
[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|{{nowrap|Queens Park Rangers}}]]&lt;/div&gt;|position=right}}

&lt;!--DISPLAY OF WEST MIDLANDS TEAMS IN BOTTOM LEFT CORNER--&gt;
{{Location map~ |England |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=50.4 |long=-3 |label=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:80%;&quot;&gt;'''{{nowrap|[[Leet o fitbaw clubs in the Wast Midlands|Wast Midlands]]&amp;nbsp;teams}}'''&lt;br&gt;
[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]&lt;br&gt;
[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|{{nowrap|West Bromwich Albion}}]]&lt;/div&gt;}}
}}

{{Location map+|Greater London
 |width=370
 |float=right
 |caption=Greater Lunnon Championship fitbaw clubs
 |places =
 {{location map~ |Greater London |lat=51.4882 |long=-0.3026 |mark=Blue 000080 pog.svg |label=&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;top:8px;&quot;&gt;'''[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]'''&lt;/div&gt; |label_size=85 |position=left}}
 {{location map~ |Greater London |lat=51.4859 |long=-0.0509 |mark=Blue 000080 pog.svg |label='''[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]''' |label_size=85 |position=bottom}}
 {{location map~ |Greater London |lat=51.5093 |long=-0.2321 |mark=Blue 000080 pog.svg |label='''[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|{{nowrap|Queens Park Rangers}}]]''' |label_size=85 |position=top}}
}}

{{Location map+ |West Midlands
 |caption=Wast Midlands Championship football clubs
 |float=right
 |width=300
 |places=
 {{Location map~ |West Midlands |mark=Green 008000 pog.svg  |lat=52.509167|long=-1.884722|label='''[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston&amp;nbsp;Villa]]'''|position=right}}
 {{Location map~ |West Midlands |mark=Green 008000 pog.svg  |lat=52.475703|long=-1.868189|label='''[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]'''|position=right}}
 {{Location map~ |West Midlands |mark=Green 008000 pog.svg  |lat=52.509167|long=-1.963889|label='''[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]'''|position=left}}
}}

The follaein 24 clubs are competin in the Championship in the [[2018–19 EFL Championship|2018–19]] saison.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!Club
!Feenishin poseetion [[2017–18 Football League Championship|last season]]
!Location
!Stadium
!Capacity&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Football Ground Guide|url=http://www.footballgroundguide.com/leagues/england/championship.html |publisher=Football Ground Guide |accessdate=30 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]||{{ntsh|4}}4t|| [[Birmingham]] || [[Villa Park]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 42,785
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]||{{ntsh|19}}19t|| Birmingham || [[St Andrew's (stadium)|St Andrew's]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,016
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]||{{ntsh|23}}2nt in [[2017–18 EFL League One|League One]] (promotit) || [[Blackburn]] || [[Ewood Park]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 31,367
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] || {{ntsh|21}}21st || [[Bolton]] || [[Macron Stadium]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 28,723
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]||{{ntsh|9}}9th|| [[Greater Lunnon|Lunnon]] &lt;small&gt;([[Brentford]])&lt;/small&gt; || [[Griffin Park]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 12,763
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]||{{ntsh|11}}11t|| [[Bristol]] || [[Ashton Gate Stadium|Ashton Gate]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 27,000
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]]||{{ntsh|6}}6t|| [[Derby]] || [[Pride Park Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 33,597
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] ||{{ntsh|18}}18t||[[Kingston upon Hull]] || [[KCOM Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 25,404
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]]||{{ntsh|12}}12t|| [[Ipswich]] || [[Portman Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,300
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]||{{ntsh|13}}13t|| [[Leeds]] || [[Elland Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 37,900
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]||{{ntsh|5}}5t|| [[Middlesbrough]] ||  [[Riverside Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 34,742
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]] || {{ntsh|8}}8t || Lunnon &lt;small&gt;([[South Bermondsey]])&lt;/small&gt; || [[The Den]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 20,146
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]]||{{ntsh|14}}14t|| [[Norwich]] || [[Carrow Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 27,220
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]||{{ntsh|17}}17t|| [[Nottingham]] || [[City Ground]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,576
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]||{{ntsh|7}}7t|| [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]] || [[Deepdale]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 23,408
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]||{{ntsh|16}}16t|| Lunnon &lt;small&gt;([[Shepherd's Bush]])&lt;/small&gt; || [[Loftus Road]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 18,360
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Reading F.C.|Reading]]||{{ntsh|20}}20th|| [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] || [[Madejski Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 24,200
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Rotherham United F.C.|Rotherham United]]|| {{ntsh|24}}4t in [[2017–18 EFL League One|League One]] (promotit via play-affs) || [[Rotherham]] || [[New York Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 12,021
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] ||{{ntsh|10}}10t|| [[Sheffield]] || [[Bramall Lane]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 32,702
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]||{{ntsh|15}}15t|| Sheffield || [[Hillsborough Stadium|Hillsborough]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 34,854
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]||{{ntsh|2}}19t in [[2017–18 Premier League|Premier League]] (relegatit)|| [[Stoke-on-Trent]] || [[bet365 Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 30,089
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]]||{{ntsh|1}}18t in [[2017–18 Premier League|Premier League]] (relegatit)|| [[Swansea]] || [[Liberty Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 21,088
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]||{{ntsh|3}}20t in [[2017–18 Premier League|Premier League]] (relegatit)|| [[West Bromwich]] || [[The Hawthorns]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 26,850
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]]||{{ntsh|22}}1st in [[2017–18 EFL League One|League One]] (promotit) || [[Wigan]] || [[DW Stadium]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 25,133
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:EFL Championship| ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw leagues in Ingland]]
[[Category:English Football League]]</text>
      <sha1>k1x65cajibkhtt2tmccb2nbpginq3of</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guatemala Ceety</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11545</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921413</id>
      <parentid>896436</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:36:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtins</comment>
      <origin>921413</origin>
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      <text bytes="25154" sha1="jlyv0hsjjlj1b2x7q5453k1d1gzhm9s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name = Guatemala
|official_name = Guatemala Ceety
|native_name = La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción
|settlement_type = Ceety
|motto = &quot;Todos somos la ciudad&quot; (We aw are the ceety)
|image_skyline =Montage Guatemala City2.jpg
| imagesize = 275px
| image_caption = 
|pushpin_map = Guatemala
|pushpin_map_caption = Location athin Guatemala
|subdivision_type = [[Kintra]]
|subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|25px]] [[Guatemala]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Guatemala|Depairtment]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]
|subdivision_type2 = Municipality
|subdivision_name2 = 
|government_type = [[Municipality]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Alvaro Arzu (PU. Partido Unionista)
|established_title = Established
|established_date = 1773
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 692
|area_land_km2 = 1905
|area_water_km2 = 0
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_metro_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2011 Estimate
|population_total = 1,110,100
|population_density_km2 =
|population_metro = 4,100,000
|population_density_km2 =
|population_urban =
|timezone = Central America
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST = +14° 36' 48.00&quot;, -90° 32' 7.00&quot;
|coordinates      = {{coord|14|36|48|N|90|32|7|W|region:GT|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 1500
|postal_code_type       =
|postal_code            = 01001 tae 01025, excludin 20, 22, an 23
|website                = [http://www.muniguate.com/ Municipalidad de Guatemala]
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Guatemala Ceety''' (in full, '''La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción'''; locally kent as '''Guatemala''' or '''Guate'''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest ceety o the Republic o [[Guatemala]].  It is an aa the caipital ceety o the local [[Guatemala Depairtment]] an the lairgest ceety in Central Americae.

The ceety is locatit at {{Coord|14|38|N|90|33|W|}}, in a muntain valley cawed [[Valle de la Ermita]] in the sooth central pairt o the kintra.

== History ==
Athin the confines o modren Guatemala Ceety is the auncient Maya ceety o [[Kaminaljuyu]]. Kaminaljuyu wis first occupied atween 1200 an 1000 BC an the ceety continued tae be inhabitit for aboot 2000 years afore it wis abandoned in the Late Classic Period o [[Mesoamerican chronology]] (600&amp;ndash;900 AD).&lt;ref&gt;Sharer &amp; Traxler 2006, pp.194-195.&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane of Americae's maist notable archaeological steids. The centre o Kaminaljuyu wis locatit a short distance frae the auldest pairt o Guatemala Ceety. Housomeivver, in the late 20t century, the ceety grew aroond the ruins, an, in some cases, ower some o the ootlyin ruins afore thay wur protectit.

Mony o the several hunder temple mounds hae been biggit ower wi freeways, shoppin centres, commerce, luxury hotels an residential auries. The central ceremonial centre o Kaminaljuyu wis housomeivver protectit bi the Guatemalan govrenment an is nou a pairk athin the ceety. Thare are an aa mony ruins still in existence, protectit bi the govrenment.

[[File:Guatemala City, National Post Office Building.JPG|thumb|x250px|right|Metropolitan Cultural Centre (auld Naitional Post Office Biggin).]]
In Spainyie colonial times, Guatemala Ceety wis a sma toun. It haed a monastery cawed ''El Carmen'', foondit in 1629. The caipital o the Spainyie [[Captaincy General o Guatemala]], coverin maist o modren [[Central Americae]], wis muived here efter a series o earthquakes - the [[Santa Marta earthquake]]s that stairtit on 29 Julie 1773 - destroyed the auld caipital, [[Antigua Guatemala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=José Omar Moncada Maya |url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/b3w-444.htm |title=En torno a la destrucción de la ciudad de Guatemala, 1773. Una carta del ingeniero militar Antonio Marín |publisher=Ub.es |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 September 1775, [[Keeng]] [[Charles III o Spain]] officialised the muivin o the caipital. This dramatically increased the potential for expansion o the ceety.

Guatemala Ceety wis the scene o the declaration o unthirldom o Central Americae frae Spain, an became the caipital o the [[Federal Republic o Central Americae]] in 1821.

== The day ==
[[File:guatemala city aerial night b.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Forenuin view frae a plane]]
Guatemala Ceety is the economic, govrenmental an cultural caipital o the Republic.

The ceety an aa functions as the main port o entry intae the kintra, wi internaitional airport, [[La Aurora Internaitional Airport]] an maist major hieweys in the kintra oreeginatin or leadin tae the ceety.

In addition tae a wide variety o restaurants, hotels an shops, the ceety haes a wide variety o airt galleries, theatres, sports venues an museums (includin some fine collections o [[Pre-Columbie]] airt) an continually affers an increasin amoont o cultural activities.

Guatemala Ceety affers aw the modren amenities alang wi important historic steids that a warld cless ceety can be expectit tae hae rangin frae an [[IMAX Theatre]] tae the Ícaro film festival ([[Festival Ícaro]]) featurin film producit in Guatemala an Central Americae.

The ceety continues tae be a pole for the attraction o immigrants frae the kintra's rural auries as well as foreign immigrants.

==Climate==
Despite its location in the [[tropics]] an the mony micro climates foond athin the kintra, Guatemala Ceety’s elevation an the resultin moderating influence o the heicher altitude enable it tae enjoy a [[subtropical hieland climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwb''), tho dependin on location, it borders on a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate clessification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') an aw. Guatemala Ceety is generally mild, amaist springlike, throuoot the course o the year. It occasionally gets wairm durin the dry saison, but no as het as ither sea-level ceeties locatit in the tropics. The hettest month is Apryle. The rainy saison extends frae Mey tae October while the dry saison covers the remainder o the year. The ceety is vera windy an aw, which mey decrease the apparent temperatur.

The average annual temperatur ranges frae {{convert|22|to|28|°C|°F|abbr=on}} durin the day, an {{convert|12|to|17|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at nicht.

Average fore-nuin [[relative humidity]]: 82%, fore-nuin relative humidity: 58%.  Average [[dew point]] is {{convert|16|°C|°F|abbr=on|lk=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;weatherbase.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=14687&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Guatemala City, Guatemala |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113054055/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=14687&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Weather box|location = Guatemala City (1990 - 2011)

|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour= pastel

|Jan record high C = 30.0
|Feb record high C = 32.1
|Mar record high C = 32.0
|Apr record high C = 33.9
|May record high C = 33.9
|Jun record high C = 31.2
|Jul record high C = 29.1
|Aug record high C = 30.2
|Sep record high C = 29.8
|Oct record high C = 28.6
|Nov record high C = 29.9
|Dec record high C = 28.8
|year record high C = 33.9

|Jan high C = 24.3
|Feb high C = 25.8
|Mar high C = 26.8
|Apr high C = 27.8
|May high C = 27.1
|Jun high C = 25.8
|Jul high C = 25.4
|Aug high C = 25.5
|Sep high C = 25.1
|Oct high C = 24.7
|Nov high C = 24.2
|Dec high C = 23.9
|year high C = 25.5

|Jan low C = 13.2
|Feb low C = 13.6
|Mar low C = 14.6
|Apr low C = 16.0
|May low C = 16.8
|Jun low C = 16.8
|Jul low C = 16.3
|Aug low C = 16.5
|Sep low C = 16.4
|Oct low C = 16.0
|Nov low C = 14.7
|Dec low C = 13.7
|year low C = 15.4

|Jan record low C =  6.0
|Feb record low C =  7.8
|Mar record low C =  8.4
|Apr record low C =  8.6
|May record low C = 12.3
|Jun record low C = 11.2
|Jul record low C = 12.1
|Aug record low C = 13.5
|Sep record low C = 13.0
|Oct record low C = 11.4
|Nov record low C =  9.4
|Dec record low C =  7.6
|year record low C = 6.0

|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm =   2.8
|Feb rain mm =   5.4
|Mar rain mm =   6.0
|Apr rain mm =  31.0
|May rain mm = 128.9
|Jun rain mm = 271.8
|Jul rain mm = 202.6
|Aug rain mm = 202.7
|Sep rain mm = 236.6
|Oct rain mm = 131.6
|Nov rain mm =  48.8
|Dec rain mm =   6.6
|year precipitation mm = 1274.7

|Jan rain days =  1.68
|Feb rain days =  1.45
|Mar rain days =  2.00
|Apr rain days =  4.73
|May rain days = 12.36
|Jun rain days = 21.14
|Jul rain days = 18.59
|Aug rain days = 19.04
|Sep rain days = 20.82
|Oct rain days = 14.59
|Nov rain days =  6.18
|Dec rain days =  2.64
|year rain days = 135.5

|Jan sun = 248.4
|Feb sun = 236.2
|Mar sun = 245.6
|Apr sun = 237.9
|May sun = 184.4
|Jun sun = 155.3
|Jul sun = 183.4
|Aug sun = 191.8
|Sep sun = 159.0
|Oct sun = 178.0
|Nov sun = 211.7
|Dec sun = 209.2
|year sun = 2441.2
|Jan humidity= 74.3
|Feb humidity= 73.4
|Mar humidity= 73.2
|Apr humidity= 74.3
|May humidity= 77.3
|Jun humidity= 82.4
|Jul humidity= 80.8
|Aug humidity= 80.9
|Sep humidity= 84.5
|Oct humidity= 82.0
|Nov humidity= 79.2
|Dec humidity= 76.0
|year humidity= 77.8

|source 1 = [[Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia]] &lt;ref name = Insivumeh &gt;{{cite web
  |url=https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala
  |title= guatemala
  |accessdate= 16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

==Structur an growthe==
[[File:Guatemala City Air View2.jpg|thumb|275px|Zona Viva]]
[[File:Plaza España Cd Guatemala a Noche.jpg|thumb|285px|left|Plaza España at Nicht]]
Guatemala Ceety is subdividit intae 22 zones designed bi the urban ingineerin o [[Raúl Aguilar Batres]], ilka ane wi its awn streets an avenues, makkin it pretty easy tae find addresses in the ceety. Zones are nummered 1-25 wi Zones 20, 22 an 23 no existin as thay wad hae fawen in twa ither municipalities territory. Addresses are assigned accordin tae the street or avenue nummer, follaeed bi a dash an the nummer o metres it is awa frae the intersection further simplifeein address location. The zones are assigned in a spiral form stairtin in dountoun Guatemala Ceety.

The ceety's metro aurie haes recently grown vera rapidly an haes absorbit maist o the neebourin municipalities o [[Villa Nueva, Guatemala|Villa Nueva]], [[San Miguel Petapa]], [[Mixco]], [[San Pedro Sacatepéquez, Guatemala|San Juan Sacatepéquez]], [[San José Pinula]], [[Santa Catarina Pinula]], [[Fraijanes]], [[San Pedro Ayampuc]], [[Amatitlán]], [[Villa Canales]], [[Palencia, Guatemala|Palencia]] an [[Chinautla]] formin wha is nou kent as the [[Guatemala Ceety metropolitan aurie]].

Zone Ane is the Historic Centre, (Centro Histórico), lyin in the vera hert o the ceety, the location o mony important historic biggins includin the Palacio Nacional de la Cultura (Naitional Palace o Cultur), the Metropolitan Cathedral, the Naitional Congress, the [https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala/travel-guide/government-and-economy Casa Presidencial] (Presidential Hoose), the Naitional Librar an Plaza de la Constitución (Constitution Plaza, auld Central Pairk). Efforts tae revitalize this important pairt o the ceety hae been unnertaken bi the municipal govrenment an hae been vera successfu sicweys far.

[[File:Guatemala City - Guatemala.jpg|thumb|255px|left|Zona 14]]
[[File:Ciudad Cayalá, zona 16 - 50738792521.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Ciudad Cayalá]]

In an attempt tae control rapid growthe o the ceety, the municipal govrenment (Municipalidad de Guatemala) heidit bi langtime Mayor [[Álvaro Arzú]], haes implementit a plan tae control its growthe based on transects alang its important airterial roads an exhibittin [[Transit-orientit development]] (TOD) characteristics. This plan denominatit POT (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial) aims tae allou tawer biggin structurs o mixed uisses tae be biggit next tae lairge arterial roads an gradually decline in hicht an density as you muive awa frae sic.
It is wirth mentioning an aw, that due tae the Airport bein in the ceety, tae the sooth, mony Aeronautic Hicht Leemits hae been applee'd tae the construction code. This leemits the maximum hicht for a biggin, at 60 Metres in Zone 10, up tae 95 Meters in Zone 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;pot.muniguate.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://pot.muniguate.com/ |title=Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial - Tú eres la Ciudad, Municipalidad de Guatemala, cumple |language=es |publisher=Pot.muniguate.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08 |archive-date=2009-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721165845/http://pot.muniguate.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
The ceety is locatit in the Sooth-Central aurie o the kintra an haes a lot o green auries.

The ceety affers a portfolio o enterteenment in the region, focused on the sae-cried Zona Viva an the Calzada Roosevelt as well as fower degrees north. The activity o Casinos is great an possesses several locatit in different pairts o the Zona Viva, awtho east mercat is still in the stage o initiation, awtho the date haes been restructurin this aurie an is becomin mair modren. Well as an endless shoppin maws an Maw's that haes the ceety, the main Maw's which we can mention are: Galerías Miraflores, Oakland Maw, Portales, Pradera Concepción, Metrocentro o Villa Nueva; Shoppin maws; Plaza Fontabella, The Village, Majadas, Los Próceres, Bonus Galleries, Via Majadas, Maw o zone 4, [[Tikal Futura]], Galerías Primma, Metronorte, Korea Center, Geminis 10, Unicentro, Plaza del Naranjo, Galerías Pradera, Pacific Center, Metrosur, Century Plaza, Los Manantiales, Peri-Roosevelt, Gran Via Roosevelt, Santander Commercial Plaza, Quinta Samayoa, Gran Via, Eskala Roosevelt, Megacentro amang ithers.

Ane o the maist ootstaundin mayors wis the ingineer Martin Prado Vélez, who teuk ower in 1949, an ruled the ceety durin the reformist Preses Arevalo an Arbenz. O cobanero oreegin, marriet wi Marta Cobos, he studiet at the Varsity o San Carlos.  Unner his tenur, amang ither modrenist wirks o the ceety, it wis biggit or stairtit the El Incienso brig, the construction o the Roosevelt Avenue, the main road axis frae east tae wast o the ceety, the toun haw biggin, an numerous road wirks which meant the widenin o the colonial ceety, its order in the cardinal pynts an the generation o a ring road wi the first Shamrock in the main ceety o Central Americae.

In the financial destrict are the tawest biggins in the kintra includin: [[Club Premier]], Tinttorento, Atlantis biggin, Atrium, [[Tikal Futura]], Building of Finances, Touers Building Batteries, Torres Botticelli, Tadeus, building o the INTECAP, Royal Touers, Touers Geminis, Industrial Bank touers, Holiday Inn Hotel, Premier o the Americas, amang mony ithers tae be uised for offices, apairtments etc. An aw include projects sic as Zona Pradera an Interamerica´s Warld Financial Center http://www.interamericaswfc.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125094909/https://www.interamericaswfc.com/ |date=2019-01-25 }}. The location o the La Aurora internaitional airport athin the ceety leemits the construction o skyscrapers, chyngin the leemits permittit directly bi its location athin the urban aurie.

{{Wide image|Skyline de la Zona 14 de la Ciudad de Guatemala..jpg|1750px|&lt;center&gt;Skyline o the zone 14 or residential biggins zone.&lt;/center&gt;}}

==Population==
[[File:Guatemala City Metropolitan Area Satellite view.jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial View o Guatemala Ceety]]
As o the 2002 census, the metropolitan aurie haed a population o 2.3 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;world-gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-93&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;va=&amp;pt=a |title=Guatemala: metropolitan areas |accessdate=2010-02-24 |publisher=World Gazeteer |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130105134052/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-93&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;va=&amp;pt=a |archivedate=2013-01-05 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Guatemalans hae a diversity o oreegins, wi Spainyie an [[Mestizo]] strynd bein the maist common.

==Places o interest bi zones==
[[File:Guatemala National Palace of Culture.jpg|thumb|260px|Palacio Nacional, Guatemala City.]]
[[File:Mapa en Relieve Guatemala.JPG|thumb|255px|Relief cairt o Guatemala]]
[[File:Carrera nocturna ciudad de Guatemala.jpg|thumb|175px|Touer o the Reformer]]

[[File:Guatemala City Buildings.JPG|thumb|260px|Biggins in Guatemala Ceety as seen frae La Aurora Int'l Airport Concourse wi the auld historic airport in the forefront.]]

Guatemala Ceety is subdividit intae 22 zones designed bi the urban ingineerin o [[Raúl Aguilar Batres]], ilka ane wi its awn streets an avenues, makkin it vera easy tae find addresses in the ceety. Zones are nummered 1-25 wi Zones 20, 22 an 23 no existin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pot.muniguate.com&quot;/&gt;

===Zone 1===
*Museos de Guatemala [http://www.museosdeguatemala.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220174735/https://museosdeguatemala.org/ |date=2021-02-20 }}
*Centro Histórico [http://elcentrohistorico.com/  Site in Spainyie.]
*Paseo de la Sexta Avenida  [[:es:Paseo de la Sexta]]
*[[National Palace (Guatemala)|Naitional Palace o Cultur]]
*Metropolitan Cathedral
*''Mercado Central'' (central mercat)[http://www.gofolklore.com/index.php/travel-guide/item/guatemala-city-central-market/]
*''Biblioteca Nacional'' (naitional librar)
*Teatro Abril [http://www.teatroabril.com/]
*[[Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias]]
* Hogar Rafael Ayau Orthodox Orphanage [http://www.hogarrafaelayau.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828214540/http://www.hogarrafaelayau.org/ |date=2010-08-28 }}

===Zone 2===
*''Mapa en Relieve'' (giant cairt o Guatemala, unique in the warld) an surroondin pairks &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.funtec-guatemala.org/page6.html |title=Mapa en Relieve de Guatemala |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209212714/http://www.funtec-guatemala.org/page6.html |archivedate=2008-02-09 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Zone 3===
*General Cemetery
*[[Safe Passage (Maine)|Safe Passage/Camino Seguro]] - a nanprofit organisation that eddicates the childer frae Zone 3

===Zone 4===
*[[Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias]]
*[[Cuatro Grados Norte]] revitalisit pedestrian aurie an cultural destrict
* Visa Immigration Office for aw foreigners

===Zone 5===
* [[Estadio Mateo Flores]]

===Zone 9===
* [[Torre del Reformador]] (Touer o the Reformer).
* ''Parque de la Industria'', fairgrunds [http://www.coperex.com.gt/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121225458/http://www.coperex.com.gt/ |date=2021-01-21 }}
*[[Avenida Reforma]] an [[Obelisco (Guatemala Ceety)|El Obelisco]], a pairklike boulevard

===Zone 10===
Zone 10, alang wi bein the financial destrict o the ceety, is amang the maist popular auries for pop cultur, shopping an entertainment. A destrict within Zone 10, kent as Zona Viva, contains mony o the ceety's maist popular an maist expensive hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, an ither entertainment venues for urban dwellers. An aa, mony o the embassies are locatit in Zone 10.

*''Museo Ixchel del Traje Indígena'' (Mayan dress museum) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.museoixchel.org/ |title=Museo Ixchel |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2008-02-02 |accessdate=2009-07-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202120854/http://www.museoixchel.org/ |archivedate=2008-02-02 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Museo Popol Vuh]]
*[[Zona Viva]] enterteenment destrict
*Botanical gairden &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala/travel-guide/government-and-economy |title=guatemala government and economy
 |publisher=Natureserve.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Plaza Fontabella
*Oakland Mall

===Zone 11===
* Museo Miraflores [http://www.museomiraflores.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128160541/http://www.museomiraflores.com/ |date=2008-01-28 }}, Miraflores ane o the biggest maws in the ceety an Central Americae.

===Zone 13===
*[[Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.deguate.com/infocentros/entretenimiento/arteycultura/arteycultura/museo-arque.htm |title=Museo Nacional de Arqueologia y Etnologia de Guatemala - deGUATE.com |publisher=deGUATE.com&lt;! |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Museo de Arte Moderno (Airt Museum)
*Museo de los Niños (Childer's Museum)
*Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Natural History Museum)
*[[La Aurora Zoo]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala/travel-guide/people-and-culture  |title=guatemala people and culture |publisher=anywhere.com |date= |accessdate=2018-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[La Aurora Internaitional Airport]]
*Avenida de las Américas
*Domo Polideportivo Indoor Sports Stadium
*Mercado de Artesanías, Artscrafts an handicrafts Mercat
*Reloj de Flores (Landsaped Floral Clock)
*Antiguo Aqueducto (Remains o the Historical Aqueduct)
*[[Justo Rufino Barrios]] Monument (Monument o ane o Guatemala's hintle acclaimit past Preses, responsible for the introduction o the railroads amang ither services tae the kintra.)
*[[Tecún Úman]] Monument (Monument tae a famit Mayan leader an warrior in Guatemala's History)
*Velodromo Nacional (Nacional Velodrome)

== Sports ==
Guatemala Ceety possesses several sportsgrunds an is hame tae mony sports clubs. [[fitbaa]] is the maist popular sport, wi [[CSD Municipal]], [[Aurora FC]] an [[Comunicaciones]] bein the main clubs. The [[Estadio Mateo Flores]], locatit in the Zone 5 o the ceety, is the lairgest stadium in the kintra, follaed in capacity bi the [[Estadio Cementos Progreso]] an the [[Estadio del Ejército]]. An important multi-functional hall is the [[Domo Polideportivo de la CDAG]].

The ceety haes hostit several promotional functions an some internaitional sports events: in 1950 it hostit the [[1950 Central American an Caribbean Gemmes|VI Central American an Caribbean Gemmes]], an in 2000 the [[FIFA Futsal Warld Championship]]. On Julie 4, 2007 the [[Internaitional Olympic Committee]] githered in Guatemala Ceety an votit [[Sochi]] tae acome the host for the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] an [[2014 Winter Paralympics|Paralympics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=rga-online, Remscheid, Germany |url=http://www.rga-online.de/sport/topnews.php?publikation=2&amp;template=phparttext_tt&amp;ausgabe=42929&amp;redaktion=1&amp;artikel=108623013 |title=Topnews - Sport - Remscheid: Remscheider General-Anzeiger / rga-online ...weil wir hier zu Hause sind! |publisher=Rga-online.de |date= |language=German |accessdate=2009-07-08 |archive-date=2010-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605182717/http://www.rga-online.de/sport/topnews.php?publikation=2&amp;template=phparttext_tt&amp;ausgabe=42929&amp;redaktion=1&amp;artikel=108623013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  In Apryle 2010, it hosted the XIVth Pan-American Moontain Bike Championships.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.guatepanamericanomtb2010.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313233337/http://www.guatepanamericanomtb2010.com/ |date=2010-03-13 }} XIVth Pan-American Mountain Bike Championships&lt;/ref&gt;

Guatemala Ceety wis annoonced in November 2007 tae host the [[2008 CONCACAF Futsal Championship|2008 edition]] o the [[North an Central American Futsal Championship|CONCACAF Futsal Championship]], played at the Domo Polideportivo frae Juin 2 tae Juin 8, 2008.

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Central Americae}}

=== Twin touns — sister ceeties ===
Guatemala Ceety is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] &lt;ref name=&quot;hermanadas&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas | publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | url = http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=especial1&amp;idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD Madrid city council webpage |  accessdate = 2009-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[La Paz]], [[Bolivie]]
*{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Managua]], [[Nicaragua]]
*{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]
*{{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[San Salvador]], [[El Salvador]]
||
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Spain]]
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Kfar Saba]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic o Cheenae|Taiwan (Republic o Cheenae)]]
*{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], [[Peru]]
||
*{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[San Pedro Sula]], [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]
*{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]]
*{{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama Ceety]], [[Panama]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Guatemala City}}

{{Guatemala Depairtment}}
{{Leet o North American caipitals}}

[[Category:Guatemala Ceety| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o the Guatemala Depairtment]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Guatemala Depairtment]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Central Americae]]
[[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1773]]


{{Stub/CentrAm}}
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      <text bytes="24898" sha1="fwyfxyp2i3dwc4s405inxc9yjsimp7p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name = Guatemala
|official_name = Guatemala Ceety
|native_name = La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción
|settlement_type = Ceety
|motto = &quot;Todos somos la ciudad&quot; (We aw are the ceety)
|image_skyline = Montage Guatemala City2.jpg
| imagesize = 275px
|pushpin_map = Guatemala
|pushpin_map_caption = Location athin Guatemala
|subdivision_type = [[Kintra]]
|subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|25px]] [[Guatemala]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Guatemala|Depairtment]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]
|subdivision_type2 = Municipality
|government_type = [[Municipality]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Alvaro Arzu (PU. Partido Unionista)
|established_title = Established
|established_date = 1773
|area_total_km2 = 692
|area_land_km2 = 1905
|area_water_km2 = 0
|population_as_of = 2011 Estimate
|population_total = 1,110,100
|population_metro = 4,100,000
|timezone = Central America
|utc_offset = -6
|utc_offset_DST = +14° 36' 48.00&quot;, -90° 32' 7.00&quot;
|coordinates      = {{coord|14|36|48|N|90|32|7|W|region:GT|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 1500
|postal_code            = 01001 tae 01025, excludin 20, 22, an 23
|website                = [http://www.muniguate.com/ Municipalidad de Guatemala]
}}

'''Guatemala Ceety''' (in full, '''La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción'''; locally kent as '''Guatemala''' or '''Guate'''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest ceety o the Republic o [[Guatemala]].  It is an aa the caipital ceety o the local [[Guatemala Depairtment]] an the lairgest ceety in Central Americae.

The ceety is locatit at {{Coord|14|38|N|90|33|W|}}, in a muntain valley cawed [[Valle de la Ermita]] in the sooth central pairt o the kintra.

== History ==
Athin the confines o modren Guatemala Ceety is the auncient Maya ceety o [[Kaminaljuyu]]. Kaminaljuyu wis first occupied atween 1200 an 1000 BC an the ceety continued tae be inhabitit for aboot 2000 years afore it wis abandoned in the Late Classic Period o [[Mesoamerican chronology]] (600&amp;ndash;900 AD).&lt;ref&gt;Sharer &amp; Traxler 2006, pp.194-195.&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane of Americae's maist notable archaeological steids. The centre o Kaminaljuyu wis locatit a short distance frae the auldest pairt o Guatemala Ceety. Housomeivver, in the late 20t century, the ceety grew aroond the ruins, an, in some cases, ower some o the ootlyin ruins afore thay wur protectit.

Mony o the several hunder temple mounds hae been biggit ower wi freeways, shoppin centres, commerce, luxury hotels an residential auries. The central ceremonial centre o Kaminaljuyu wis housomeivver protectit bi the Guatemalan govrenment an is nou a pairk athin the ceety. Thare are an aa mony ruins still in existence, protectit bi the govrenment.

[[File:Guatemala City, National Post Office Building.JPG|thumb|x250px|right|Metropolitan Cultural Centre (auld Naitional Post Office Biggin).]]
In Spainyie colonial times, Guatemala Ceety wis a sma toun. It haed a monastery cawed ''El Carmen'', foondit in 1629. The caipital o the Spainyie [[Captaincy General o Guatemala]], coverin maist o modren [[Central Americae]], wis muived here efter a series o earthquakes - the [[Santa Marta earthquake]]s that stairtit on 29 Julie 1773 - destroyed the auld caipital, [[Antigua Guatemala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=José Omar Moncada Maya |url=http://www.ub.es/geocrit/b3w-444.htm |title=En torno a la destrucción de la ciudad de Guatemala, 1773. Una carta del ingeniero militar Antonio Marín |publisher=Ub.es |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 September 1775, [[Keeng]] [[Charles III o Spain]] officialised the muivin o the caipital. This dramatically increased the potential for expansion o the ceety.

Guatemala Ceety wis the scene o the declaration o unthirldom o Central Americae frae Spain, an became the caipital o the [[Federal Republic o Central Americae]] in 1821.

== The day ==
[[File:guatemala city aerial night b.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Forenuin view frae a plane]]
Guatemala Ceety is the economic, govrenmental an cultural caipital o the Republic.

The ceety an aa functions as the main port o entry intae the kintra, wi internaitional airport, [[La Aurora Internaitional Airport]] an maist major hieweys in the kintra oreeginatin or leadin tae the ceety.

In addition tae a wide variety o restaurants, hotels an shops, the ceety haes a wide variety o airt galleries, theatres, sports venues an museums (includin some fine collections o [[Pre-Columbie]] airt) an continually affers an increasin amoont o cultural activities.

Guatemala Ceety affers aw the modren amenities alang wi important historic steids that a warld cless ceety can be expectit tae hae rangin frae an [[IMAX Theatre]] tae the Ícaro film festival ([[Festival Ícaro]]) featurin film producit in Guatemala an Central Americae.

The ceety continues tae be a pole for the attraction o immigrants frae the kintra's rural auries as well as foreign immigrants.

==Climate==
Despite its location in the [[tropics]] an the mony micro climates foond athin the kintra, Guatemala Ceety’s elevation an the resultin moderating influence o the heicher altitude enable it tae enjoy a [[subtropical hieland climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwb''), tho dependin on location, it borders on a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate clessification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') an aw. Guatemala Ceety is generally mild, amaist springlike, throuoot the course o the year. It occasionally gets wairm durin the dry saison, but no as het as ither sea-level ceeties locatit in the tropics. The hettest month is Apryle. The rainy saison extends frae Mey tae October while the dry saison covers the remainder o the year. The ceety is vera windy an aw, which mey decrease the apparent temperatur.

The average annual temperatur ranges frae {{convert|22|to|28|°C|°F|abbr=on}} durin the day, an {{convert|12|to|17|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at nicht.

Average fore-nuin [[relative humidity]]: 82%, fore-nuin relative humidity: 58%.  Average [[dew point]] is {{convert|16|°C|°F|abbr=on|lk=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;weatherbase.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=14687&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Guatemala City, Guatemala |access-date=2014-01-27 |archive-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113054055/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=14687&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Weather box|location = Guatemala City (1990 - 2011)

|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour= pastel

|Jan record high C = 30.0
|Feb record high C = 32.1
|Mar record high C = 32.0
|Apr record high C = 33.9
|May record high C = 33.9
|Jun record high C = 31.2
|Jul record high C = 29.1
|Aug record high C = 30.2
|Sep record high C = 29.8
|Oct record high C = 28.6
|Nov record high C = 29.9
|Dec record high C = 28.8
|year record high C = 33.9

|Jan high C = 24.3
|Feb high C = 25.8
|Mar high C = 26.8
|Apr high C = 27.8
|May high C = 27.1
|Jun high C = 25.8
|Jul high C = 25.4
|Aug high C = 25.5
|Sep high C = 25.1
|Oct high C = 24.7
|Nov high C = 24.2
|Dec high C = 23.9
|year high C = 25.5

|Jan low C = 13.2
|Feb low C = 13.6
|Mar low C = 14.6
|Apr low C = 16.0
|May low C = 16.8
|Jun low C = 16.8
|Jul low C = 16.3
|Aug low C = 16.5
|Sep low C = 16.4
|Oct low C = 16.0
|Nov low C = 14.7
|Dec low C = 13.7
|year low C = 15.4

|Jan record low C =  6.0
|Feb record low C =  7.8
|Mar record low C =  8.4
|Apr record low C =  8.6
|May record low C = 12.3
|Jun record low C = 11.2
|Jul record low C = 12.1
|Aug record low C = 13.5
|Sep record low C = 13.0
|Oct record low C = 11.4
|Nov record low C =  9.4
|Dec record low C =  7.6
|year record low C = 6.0

|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm =   2.8
|Feb rain mm =   5.4
|Mar rain mm =   6.0
|Apr rain mm =  31.0
|May rain mm = 128.9
|Jun rain mm = 271.8
|Jul rain mm = 202.6
|Aug rain mm = 202.7
|Sep rain mm = 236.6
|Oct rain mm = 131.6
|Nov rain mm =  48.8
|Dec rain mm =   6.6
|year precipitation mm = 1274.7

|Jan rain days =  1.68
|Feb rain days =  1.45
|Mar rain days =  2.00
|Apr rain days =  4.73
|May rain days = 12.36
|Jun rain days = 21.14
|Jul rain days = 18.59
|Aug rain days = 19.04
|Sep rain days = 20.82
|Oct rain days = 14.59
|Nov rain days =  6.18
|Dec rain days =  2.64
|year rain days = 135.5

|Jan sun = 248.4
|Feb sun = 236.2
|Mar sun = 245.6
|Apr sun = 237.9
|May sun = 184.4
|Jun sun = 155.3
|Jul sun = 183.4
|Aug sun = 191.8
|Sep sun = 159.0
|Oct sun = 178.0
|Nov sun = 211.7
|Dec sun = 209.2
|year sun = 2441.2
|Jan humidity= 74.3
|Feb humidity= 73.4
|Mar humidity= 73.2
|Apr humidity= 74.3
|May humidity= 77.3
|Jun humidity= 82.4
|Jul humidity= 80.8
|Aug humidity= 80.9
|Sep humidity= 84.5
|Oct humidity= 82.0
|Nov humidity= 79.2
|Dec humidity= 76.0
|year humidity= 77.8

|source 1 = [[Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia]] &lt;ref name = Insivumeh &gt;{{cite web
  |url=https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala
  |title= guatemala
  |accessdate= 16 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

==Structur an growthe==
[[File:Guatemala City Air View2.jpg|thumb|275px|Zona Viva]]
[[File:Plaza España Cd Guatemala a Noche.jpg|thumb|285px|left|Plaza España at Nicht]]
Guatemala Ceety is subdividit intae 22 zones designed bi the urban ingineerin o [[Raúl Aguilar Batres]], ilka ane wi its awn streets an avenues, makkin it pretty easy tae find addresses in the ceety. Zones are nummered 1-25 wi Zones 20, 22 an 23 no existin as thay wad hae fawen in twa ither municipalities territory. Addresses are assigned accordin tae the street or avenue nummer, follaeed bi a dash an the nummer o metres it is awa frae the intersection further simplifeein address location. The zones are assigned in a spiral form stairtin in dountoun Guatemala Ceety.

The ceety's metro aurie haes recently grown vera rapidly an haes absorbit maist o the neebourin municipalities o [[Villa Nueva, Guatemala|Villa Nueva]], [[San Miguel Petapa]], [[Mixco]], [[San Pedro Sacatepéquez, Guatemala|San Juan Sacatepéquez]], [[San José Pinula]], [[Santa Catarina Pinula]], [[Fraijanes]], [[San Pedro Ayampuc]], [[Amatitlán]], [[Villa Canales]], [[Palencia, Guatemala|Palencia]] an [[Chinautla]] formin wha is nou kent as the [[Guatemala Ceety metropolitan aurie]].

Zone Ane is the Historic Centre, (Centro Histórico), lyin in the vera hert o the ceety, the location o mony important historic biggins includin the Palacio Nacional de la Cultura (Naitional Palace o Cultur), the Metropolitan Cathedral, the Naitional Congress, the [https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala/travel-guide/government-and-economy Casa Presidencial] (Presidential Hoose), the Naitional Librar an Plaza de la Constitución (Constitution Plaza, auld Central Pairk). Efforts tae revitalize this important pairt o the ceety hae been unnertaken bi the municipal govrenment an hae been vera successfu sicweys far.

[[File:Guatemala City - Guatemala.jpg|thumb|255px|left|Zona 14]]
[[File:Ciudad Cayalá, zona 16 - 50738792521.jpg|thumb|265px|right|Ciudad Cayalá]]

In an attempt tae control rapid growthe o the ceety, the municipal govrenment (Municipalidad de Guatemala) heidit bi langtime Mayor [[Álvaro Arzú]], haes implementit a plan tae control its growthe based on transects alang its important airterial roads an exhibittin [[Transit-orientit development]] (TOD) characteristics. This plan denominatit POT (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial) aims tae allou tawer biggin structurs o mixed uisses tae be biggit next tae lairge arterial roads an gradually decline in hicht an density as you muive awa frae sic.
It is wirth mentioning an aw, that due tae the Airport bein in the ceety, tae the sooth, mony Aeronautic Hicht Leemits hae been applee'd tae the construction code. This leemits the maximum hicht for a biggin, at 60 Metres in Zone 10, up tae 95 Meters in Zone 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;pot.muniguate.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://pot.muniguate.com/ |title=Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial - Tú eres la Ciudad, Municipalidad de Guatemala, cumple |language=es |publisher=Pot.muniguate.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08 |archive-date=2009-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721165845/http://pot.muniguate.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
The ceety is locatit in the Sooth-Central aurie o the kintra an haes a lot o green auries.

The ceety affers a portfolio o enterteenment in the region, focused on the sae-cried Zona Viva an the Calzada Roosevelt as well as fower degrees north. The activity o Casinos is great an possesses several locatit in different pairts o the Zona Viva, awtho east mercat is still in the stage o initiation, awtho the date haes been restructurin this aurie an is becomin mair modren. Well as an endless shoppin maws an Maw's that haes the ceety, the main Maw's which we can mention are: Galerías Miraflores, Oakland Maw, Portales, Pradera Concepción, Metrocentro o Villa Nueva; Shoppin maws; Plaza Fontabella, The Village, Majadas, Los Próceres, Bonus Galleries, Via Majadas, Maw o zone 4, [[Tikal Futura]], Galerías Primma, Metronorte, Korea Center, Geminis 10, Unicentro, Plaza del Naranjo, Galerías Pradera, Pacific Center, Metrosur, Century Plaza, Los Manantiales, Peri-Roosevelt, Gran Via Roosevelt, Santander Commercial Plaza, Quinta Samayoa, Gran Via, Eskala Roosevelt, Megacentro amang ithers.

Ane o the maist ootstaundin mayors wis the ingineer Martin Prado Vélez, who teuk ower in 1949, an ruled the ceety durin the reformist Preses Arevalo an Arbenz. O cobanero oreegin, marriet wi Marta Cobos, he studiet at the Varsity o San Carlos.  Unner his tenur, amang ither modrenist wirks o the ceety, it wis biggit or stairtit the El Incienso brig, the construction o the Roosevelt Avenue, the main road axis frae east tae wast o the ceety, the toun haw biggin, an numerous road wirks which meant the widenin o the colonial ceety, its order in the cardinal pynts an the generation o a ring road wi the first Shamrock in the main ceety o Central Americae.

In the financial destrict are the tawest biggins in the kintra includin: [[Club Premier]], Tinttorento, Atlantis biggin, Atrium, [[Tikal Futura]], Building of Finances, Touers Building Batteries, Torres Botticelli, Tadeus, building o the INTECAP, Royal Touers, Touers Geminis, Industrial Bank touers, Holiday Inn Hotel, Premier o the Americas, amang mony ithers tae be uised for offices, apairtments etc. An aw include projects sic as Zona Pradera an Interamerica´s Warld Financial Center http://www.interamericaswfc.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125094909/https://www.interamericaswfc.com/ |date=2019-01-25 }}. The location o the La Aurora internaitional airport athin the ceety leemits the construction o skyscrapers, chyngin the leemits permittit directly bi its location athin the urban aurie.

{{Wide image|Skyline de la Zona 14 de la Ciudad de Guatemala..jpg|1750px|&lt;center&gt;Skyline o the zone 14 or residential biggins zone.&lt;/center&gt;}}

==Population==
[[File:Guatemala City Metropolitan Area Satellite view.jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial View o Guatemala Ceety]]
As o the 2002 census, the metropolitan aurie haed a population o 2.3 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;world-gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-93&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;va=&amp;pt=a |title=Guatemala: metropolitan areas |accessdate=2010-02-24 |publisher=World Gazeteer |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130105134052/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-93&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;va=&amp;pt=a |archivedate=2013-01-05 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Guatemalans hae a diversity o oreegins, wi Spainyie an [[Mestizo]] strynd bein the maist common.

==Places o interest bi zones==
[[File:Guatemala National Palace of Culture.jpg|thumb|260px|Palacio Nacional, Guatemala City.]]
[[File:Mapa en Relieve Guatemala.JPG|thumb|255px|Relief cairt o Guatemala]]
[[File:Carrera nocturna ciudad de Guatemala.jpg|thumb|175px|Touer o the Reformer]]

[[File:Guatemala City Buildings.JPG|thumb|260px|Biggins in Guatemala Ceety as seen frae La Aurora Int'l Airport Concourse wi the auld historic airport in the forefront.]]

Guatemala Ceety is subdividit intae 22 zones designed bi the urban ingineerin o [[Raúl Aguilar Batres]], ilka ane wi its awn streets an avenues, makkin it vera easy tae find addresses in the ceety. Zones are nummered 1-25 wi Zones 20, 22 an 23 no existin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pot.muniguate.com&quot;/&gt;

===Zone 1===
*Museos de Guatemala [http://www.museosdeguatemala.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220174735/https://museosdeguatemala.org/ |date=2021-02-20 }}
*Centro Histórico [http://elcentrohistorico.com/  Site in Spainyie.]
*Paseo de la Sexta Avenida  [[:es:Paseo de la Sexta]]
*[[National Palace (Guatemala)|Naitional Palace o Cultur]]
*Metropolitan Cathedral
*''Mercado Central'' (central mercat)[http://www.gofolklore.com/index.php/travel-guide/item/guatemala-city-central-market/]
*''Biblioteca Nacional'' (naitional librar)
*Teatro Abril [http://www.teatroabril.com/]
*[[Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias]]
* Hogar Rafael Ayau Orthodox Orphanage [http://www.hogarrafaelayau.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828214540/http://www.hogarrafaelayau.org/ |date=2010-08-28 }}

===Zone 2===
*''Mapa en Relieve'' (giant cairt o Guatemala, unique in the warld) an surroondin pairks &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.funtec-guatemala.org/page6.html |title=Mapa en Relieve de Guatemala |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209212714/http://www.funtec-guatemala.org/page6.html |archivedate=2008-02-09 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Zone 3===
*General Cemetery
*[[Safe Passage (Maine)|Safe Passage/Camino Seguro]] - a nanprofit organisation that eddicates the childer frae Zone 3

===Zone 4===
*[[Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias]]
*[[Cuatro Grados Norte]] revitalisit pedestrian aurie an cultural destrict
* Visa Immigration Office for aw foreigners

===Zone 5===
* [[Estadio Mateo Flores]]

===Zone 9===
* [[Torre del Reformador]] (Touer o the Reformer).
* ''Parque de la Industria'', fairgrunds [http://www.coperex.com.gt/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121225458/http://www.coperex.com.gt/ |date=2021-01-21 }}
*[[Avenida Reforma]] an [[Obelisco (Guatemala Ceety)|El Obelisco]], a pairklike boulevard

===Zone 10===
Zone 10, alang wi bein the financial destrict o the ceety, is amang the maist popular auries for pop cultur, shopping an entertainment. A destrict within Zone 10, kent as Zona Viva, contains mony o the ceety's maist popular an maist expensive hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, an ither entertainment venues for urban dwellers. An aa, mony o the embassies are locatit in Zone 10.

*''Museo Ixchel del Traje Indígena'' (Mayan dress museum) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.museoixchel.org/ |title=Museo Ixchel |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2008-02-02 |accessdate=2009-07-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202120854/http://www.museoixchel.org/ |archivedate=2008-02-02 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Museo Popol Vuh]]
*[[Zona Viva]] enterteenment destrict
*Botanical gairden &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala/travel-guide/government-and-economy |title=guatemala government and economy
 |publisher=Natureserve.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Plaza Fontabella
*Oakland Mall

===Zone 11===
* Museo Miraflores [http://www.museomiraflores.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128160541/http://www.museomiraflores.com/ |date=2008-01-28 }}, Miraflores ane o the biggest maws in the ceety an Central Americae.

===Zone 13===
*[[Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.deguate.com/infocentros/entretenimiento/arteycultura/arteycultura/museo-arque.htm |title=Museo Nacional de Arqueologia y Etnologia de Guatemala - deGUATE.com |publisher=deGUATE.com&lt;! |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Museo de Arte Moderno (Airt Museum)
*Museo de los Niños (Childer's Museum)
*Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Natural History Museum)
*[[La Aurora Zoo]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.anywhere.com/guatemala/travel-guide/people-and-culture  |title=guatemala people and culture |publisher=anywhere.com |date= |accessdate=2018-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[La Aurora Internaitional Airport]]
*Avenida de las Américas
*Domo Polideportivo Indoor Sports Stadium
*Mercado de Artesanías, Artscrafts an handicrafts Mercat
*Reloj de Flores (Landsaped Floral Clock)
*Antiguo Aqueducto (Remains o the Historical Aqueduct)
*[[Justo Rufino Barrios]] Monument (Monument o ane o Guatemala's hintle acclaimit past Preses, responsible for the introduction o the railroads amang ither services tae the kintra.)
*[[Tecún Úman]] Monument (Monument tae a famit Mayan leader an warrior in Guatemala's History)
*Velodromo Nacional (Nacional Velodrome)

== Sports ==
Guatemala Ceety possesses several sportsgrunds an is hame tae mony sports clubs. [[fitbaa]] is the maist popular sport, wi [[CSD Municipal]], [[Aurora FC]] an [[Comunicaciones]] bein the main clubs. The [[Estadio Mateo Flores]], locatit in the Zone 5 o the ceety, is the lairgest stadium in the kintra, follaed in capacity bi the [[Estadio Cementos Progreso]] an the [[Estadio del Ejército]]. An important multi-functional hall is the [[Domo Polideportivo de la CDAG]].

The ceety haes hostit several promotional functions an some internaitional sports events: in 1950 it hostit the [[1950 Central American an Caribbean Gemmes|VI Central American an Caribbean Gemmes]], an in 2000 the [[FIFA Futsal Warld Championship]]. On Julie 4, 2007 the [[Internaitional Olympic Committee]] githered in Guatemala Ceety an votit [[Sochi]] tae acome the host for the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] an [[2014 Winter Paralympics|Paralympics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=rga-online, Remscheid, Germany |url=http://www.rga-online.de/sport/topnews.php?publikation=2&amp;template=phparttext_tt&amp;ausgabe=42929&amp;redaktion=1&amp;artikel=108623013 |title=Topnews - Sport - Remscheid: Remscheider General-Anzeiger / rga-online ...weil wir hier zu Hause sind! |publisher=Rga-online.de |date= |language=German |accessdate=2009-07-08 |archive-date=2010-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605182717/http://www.rga-online.de/sport/topnews.php?publikation=2&amp;template=phparttext_tt&amp;ausgabe=42929&amp;redaktion=1&amp;artikel=108623013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  In Apryle 2010, it hosted the XIVth Pan-American Moontain Bike Championships.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.guatepanamericanomtb2010.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313233337/http://www.guatepanamericanomtb2010.com/ |date=2010-03-13 }} XIVth Pan-American Mountain Bike Championships&lt;/ref&gt;

Guatemala Ceety wis annoonced in November 2007 tae host the [[2008 CONCACAF Futsal Championship|2008 edition]] o the [[North an Central American Futsal Championship|CONCACAF Futsal Championship]], played at the Domo Polideportivo frae Juin 2 tae Juin 8, 2008.

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Central Americae}}

=== Twin touns — sister ceeties ===
Guatemala Ceety is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] &lt;ref name=&quot;hermanadas&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas | publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | url = http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=especial1&amp;idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD Madrid city council webpage |  accessdate = 2009-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[La Paz]], [[Bolivie]]
*{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Managua]], [[Nicaragua]]
*{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]
*{{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[San Salvador]], [[El Salvador]]
||
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Spain]]
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Kfar Saba]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic o Cheenae|Taiwan (Republic o Cheenae)]]
*{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], [[Peru]]
||
*{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[San Pedro Sula]], [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]
*{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]]
*{{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama Ceety]], [[Panama]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Guatemala City}}

{{Guatemala Depairtment}}
{{Leet o North American caipitals}}

[[Category:Guatemala Ceety| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o the Guatemala Depairtment]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Guatemala Depairtment]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Central Americae]]
[[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1773]]


{{Stub/CentrAm}}
{{Stub/Ceety}}</text>
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    <title>Sheffield Wednesday F.C.</title>
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      <text bytes="4206" sha1="snyycnfuc88gyso8ubdlssn6ivcen1v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname    = Sheffield Wednesday
| current     = 2018–19 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. saison
| image       =
| fullname    = Sheffield Wednesday Football Club
| nickname    = The Owls, Wednesday
| shortname   = SWFC
| founded     = {{Start date and age|1867|df=yes}} as The Wednesday
| ground      = [[Hillsborough Stadium]]
| capacity    = 39,732
| chairman    = [[Milan Mandarić]]
| mgrtitle    = Manager
| manager     = [[Jos Luhukay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sheffield Wednesday name Jos Luhukay as new manager|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42586860|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=5 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| league      = {{English football updater|SheffieW}}
| season      = {{English football updater|SheffieW2}}
| position    = {{English football updater|SheffieW3}}
| pattern_la1=
| pattern_b1=_blue_stripes
| pattern_ra1=
| pattern_sh1=
| pattern_so1=_blackhorizontal
| leftarm1    = 0000FF
| body1       = FFFFFF
| rightarm1   = 0000FF
| shorts1     = 000000
| socks1      = 0000FF
| pattern_la2 = _darkyellowborder
| pattern_b2  = _black_thin_stripes
| pattern_ra2 = _darkyellowborder
| pattern_sh2 = 
| pattern_so2 = _hoops_black
| leftarm2    = 000000
| body2       = FFE200
| rightarm2   = 000000
| shorts2     = 000000
| socks2      = FFE200
| pattern_la3 = _goldborder
| pattern_b3  = _goldcollar
| pattern_ra3 = _goldborder
| pattern_sh3 = 
| pattern_so3 = _white_hoops
| leftarm3    = 
| body3       = 
| rightarm3   = 
| shorts3     = FFD700
| socks3      = FFD700
|website = http://www.swfc.co.uk/
}}

'''Sheffield Wednesday Football Club''' is a [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Sheffield]], [[Sooth Yorkshire]], Inglandwho play in the [[Football League Championship|Championship]], the seicont tier o the Inglis leagues. Sheffield Wednesday are ane o the auldest profeesional clubs in the warld an the third auldest in the Inglis league. The Wednesday, as they wur kent till 1929, wur foondin members o The [[Football Alliance]] in 1889 an its first champions. They jyned [[The Football League]] three years later an wur ane o the foondin members o the [[Premier League]] in 1992.

Syne jynin [[the Football League]] in 1892, the club haes spent maist o its history in the tap flicht o Inglish fitbaw but hae no played at this level syne bein relegated in 2000. They have won fower [[Leet o Inglis fitbaw champions|League titles]], three [[FA Cup]]s an ane [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] in 1991, their anly major trophy syne 1935. They reached the FA Cup an League Cup Finals in 1993 but lost baith tae [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. They lost the 1966 FA Cup feenal tae [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] an aw.

== Honours ==

'''Syne jynin the Fitbaa League in 1892 tae present'''

'''League'''

[[Fitbaa League First Division|First Division]]
* First (4) 1902/1903, 1903/1904, 1928/1929, [1929/1930
* Seicont (1) 1960/1961

[[Fitbaa League Seicont Division|Seicont Division]]
* First (5) 1899/1900, 1925/1926, 1951/1952, 1955/1956, 1958/1959
* Seicont (2) 1949/1950, 1983/1984

'''Cup'''

[[FA Cup]]
* Winners (3) [[1896 FA Cup Final|1895/1896]], [[1907 FA Cup Final|1906/1907]], [[1935 FA Cup Final|1934/1935]]
* Finalists (2) [[1966 FA Cup Final|1965/1966]], [[1993 FA Cup Final|1992/1993]]

[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]
* Winners (1) [[1991 Football League Cup Final|1990/1991]]
* Finalists (1) [[1993 Football League Cup Final|1992/1993]]

'''Other'''

[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]
* Winners (1) 1935
* Finalists (1) 1930

[[FWA Fitbawer o the Year]]
* [[Chris Waddle]] 1993

'''Europe'''

[[UEFA Cup]]
* Participants (3) [[1961–62 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1961/1962]], [[1963–64 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1963/1964]], [[1992-93 UEFA Cup|1992/1993]]

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat|Sheffield Wednesday F.C.}}

[[Category:1867 establishments]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Sooth Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]
[[Category:Hillsborough, Sooth Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Sports teams an clubs in Sheffield|Wednesday]]
[[Category:1860s establishments in Europe]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="4204" sha1="26w1l8pp6y67mt7kzsktuy8kmqxlc00" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
| clubname    = Sheffield Wednesday
| current     = 2018–19 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. saison
| image       =
| fullname    = Sheffield Wednesday Football Club
| nickname    = The Owls, Wednesday
| shortname   = SWFC
| founded     = {{Start date and age|1867|df=yes}} as The Wednesday
| ground      = [[Hillsborough Stadium]]
| capacity    = 39,732
| chairman    = [[Milan Mandarić]]
| mgrtitle    = Manager
| manager     = [[Jos Luhukay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sheffield Wednesday name Jos Luhukay as new manager|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42586860|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=5 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| league      = {{English football updater|SheffieW}}
| season      = {{English football updater|SheffieW2}}
| position    = {{English football updater|SheffieW3}}
| pattern_la1=
| pattern_b1=_blue_stripes
| pattern_ra1=
| pattern_sh1=
| pattern_so1=_blackhorizontal
| leftarm1    = 0000FF
| body1       = FFFFFF
| rightarm1   = 0000FF
| shorts1     = 000000
| socks1      = 0000FF
| pattern_la2 = _darkyellowborder
| pattern_b2  = _black_thin_stripes
| pattern_ra2 = _darkyellowborder
| pattern_sh2 = 
| pattern_so2 = _hoops_black
| leftarm2    = 000000
| body2       = FFE200
| rightarm2   = 000000
| shorts2     = 000000
| socks2      = FFE200
| pattern_la3 = _goldborder
| pattern_b3  = _goldcollar
| pattern_ra3 = _goldborder
| pattern_sh3 = 
| pattern_so3 = _white_hoops
| leftarm3    = 
| body3       = 
| rightarm3   = 
| shorts3     = FFD700
| socks3      = FFD700
|website = http://www.swfc.co.uk/
}}

'''Sheffield Wednesday Football Club''' is a [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Sheffield]], [[Sooth Yorkshire]], Inglandwho play in the [[Football League Championship|Championship]], the seicont tier o the Inglis leagues. Sheffield Wednesday are ane o the auldest profeesional clubs in the warld an the third auldest in the Inglis league. The Wednesday, as they wur kent till 1929, wur foondin members o The [[Football Alliance]] in 1889 an its first champions. They jyned [[The Football League]] three years later an wur ane o the foondin members o the [[Premier League]] in 1992.

Syne jynin [[the Football League]] in 1892, the club haes spent maist o its history in the tap flicht o Inglish fitbaw but hae no played at this level syne bein relegated in 2000. They have won fower [[Leet o Inglis fitbaw champions|League titles]], three [[FA Cup]]s an ane [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] in 1991, their anly major trophy syne 1935. They reached the FA Cup an League Cup Finals in 1993 but lost baith tae [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. They lost the 1966 FA Cup feenal tae [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] an aw.

== Honours ==

'''Syne jynin the Fitbaa League in 1892 tae present'''

'''League'''

[[Fitbaa League First Division|First Division]]
* First (4) 1902/1903, 1903/1904, 1928/1929, [1929/1930
* Seicont (1) 1960/1961

[[Fitbaa League Seicont Division|Seicont Division]]
* First (5) 1899/1900, 1925/1926, 1951/1952, 1955/1956, 1958/1959
* Seicont (2) 1949/1950, 1983/1984

'''Cup'''

[[FA Cup]]
* Winners (3) [[1896 FA Cup Final|1895/1896]], [[1907 FA Cup Final|1906/1907]], [[1935 FA Cup Final|1934/1935]]
* Finalists (2) [[1966 FA Cup Final|1965/1966]], [[1993 FA Cup Final|1992/1993]]

[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]
* Winners (1) [[1991 Football League Cup Final|1990/1991]]
* Finalists (1) [[1993 Football League Cup Final|1992/1993]]

'''Other'''

[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]
* Winners (1) 1935
* Finalists (1) 1930

[[FWA Fitbawer o the Year]]
* [[Chris Waddle]] 1993

'''Europe'''

[[UEFA Cup]]
* Participants (3) [[1961–62 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1961/1962]], [[1963–64 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1963/1964]], [[1992-93 UEFA Cup|1992/1993]]

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat|Sheffield Wednesday F.C.}}

[[Category:1867 establishments]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Sooth Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]
[[Category:Hillsborough, Sooth Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Sports teams an clubs in Sheffield|Wednesday]]
[[Category:1860s establishments in Europe]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <id>921771</id>
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      <text bytes="4058" sha1="jss5lc3xuvzjy0ky0jlx7w30a5qjk80" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
| clubname    = Sheffield Wednesday
| current     = 2018–19 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. saison
| fullname    = Sheffield Wednesday Football Club
| nickname    = The Owls, Wednesday
| shortname   = SWFC
| founded     = {{Start date and age|1867|df=yes}} as The Wednesday
| ground      = [[Hillsborough Stadium]]
| capacity    = 39,732
| chairman    = [[Milan Mandarić]]
| mgrtitle    = Manager
| manager     = [[Jos Luhukay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sheffield Wednesday name Jos Luhukay as new manager|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42586860|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=5 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| league      = {{English football updater|SheffieW}}
| season      = {{English football updater|SheffieW2}}
| position    = {{English football updater|SheffieW3}}
| pattern_b1=_blue_stripes
| pattern_so1=_blackhorizontal
| leftarm1    = 0000FF
| body1       = FFFFFF
| rightarm1   = 0000FF
| shorts1     = 000000
| socks1      = 0000FF
| pattern_la2 = _darkyellowborder
| pattern_b2  = _black_thin_stripes
| pattern_ra2 = _darkyellowborder
| pattern_so2 = _hoops_black
| leftarm2    = 000000
| body2       = FFE200
| rightarm2   = 000000
| shorts2     = 000000
| socks2      = FFE200
| pattern_la3 = _goldborder
| pattern_b3  = _goldcollar
| pattern_ra3 = _goldborder
| pattern_so3 = _white_hoops
| shorts3     = FFD700
| socks3      = FFD700
|website = http://www.swfc.co.uk/
}}

'''Sheffield Wednesday Football Club''' is a [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Sheffield]], [[Sooth Yorkshire]], Inglandwho play in the [[Football League Championship|Championship]], the seicont tier o the Inglis leagues. Sheffield Wednesday are ane o the auldest profeesional clubs in the warld an the third auldest in the Inglis league. The Wednesday, as they wur kent till 1929, wur foondin members o The [[Football Alliance]] in 1889 an its first champions. They jyned [[The Football League]] three years later an wur ane o the foondin members o the [[Premier League]] in 1992.

Syne jynin [[the Football League]] in 1892, the club haes spent maist o its history in the tap flicht o Inglish fitbaw but hae no played at this level syne bein relegated in 2000. They have won fower [[Leet o Inglis fitbaw champions|League titles]], three [[FA Cup]]s an ane [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] in 1991, their anly major trophy syne 1935. They reached the FA Cup an League Cup Finals in 1993 but lost baith tae [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. They lost the 1966 FA Cup feenal tae [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] an aw.

== Honours ==

'''Syne jynin the Fitbaa League in 1892 tae present'''

'''League'''

[[Fitbaa League First Division|First Division]]
* First (4) 1902/1903, 1903/1904, 1928/1929, [1929/1930
* Seicont (1) 1960/1961

[[Fitbaa League Seicont Division|Seicont Division]]
* First (5) 1899/1900, 1925/1926, 1951/1952, 1955/1956, 1958/1959
* Seicont (2) 1949/1950, 1983/1984

'''Cup'''

[[FA Cup]]
* Winners (3) [[1896 FA Cup Final|1895/1896]], [[1907 FA Cup Final|1906/1907]], [[1935 FA Cup Final|1934/1935]]
* Finalists (2) [[1966 FA Cup Final|1965/1966]], [[1993 FA Cup Final|1992/1993]]

[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]
* Winners (1) [[1991 Football League Cup Final|1990/1991]]
* Finalists (1) [[1993 Football League Cup Final|1992/1993]]

'''Other'''

[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]
* Winners (1) 1935
* Finalists (1) 1930

[[FWA Fitbawer o the Year]]
* [[Chris Waddle]] 1993

'''Europe'''

[[UEFA Cup]]
* Participants (3) [[1961–62 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1961/1962]], [[1963–64 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1963/1964]], [[1992-93 UEFA Cup|1992/1993]]

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat|Sheffield Wednesday F.C.}}

[[Category:1867 establishments]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Sooth Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]
[[Category:Hillsborough, Sooth Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Sports teams an clubs in Sheffield|Wednesday]]
[[Category:1860s establishments in Europe]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jss5lc3xuvzjy0ky0jlx7w30a5qjk80</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Aston Villa F.C.</title>
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        <id>27464</id>
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      <text bytes="6019" sha1="5vyl2y7p9ffwb0rhcmd0oucwi9qqd8u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname      = Aston Villa
| image         =
| fullname      = Aston Villa Football Club
| nickname      = ''The Villa'', ''The Villans'', ''The Lions'', ''The Claret and Blue''
| short name    = Villa, AVFC
| founded       = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1874|03}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aston_villa/default.stm |title=Aston Villa Football Club information |publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=26 June 2007 |date=1 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622084515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aston_villa/default.stm |archivedate=2007-06-22|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ground        = [[Villa Park]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/GettingToVillaPark |title=Getting to Villa Park |publisher=Aston Villa F.C |accessdate=19 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| capacity      = 42,682&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2013-14.pdf |title=Premier League Handbook Season 2013/14 |format=PDF |accessdate=17 August 2013 |work=[[Premier League]] |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131132636/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2013-14.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| owner        = Reform Acquisitions LLC
| chairman     = [[Wes Edens]]
&lt;!--DO NOT ADD DOUG ELLIS AS CHAIRMAN, he is the Chairman Emeritus, an honorary post--&gt;
| manager = [[Dean Smith]]
| league = {{English football updater|AstonVil}}
| season = {{English football updater|AstonVil2}}
| position = {{English football updater|AstonVil3}}
| current       = 2019/20 Aston Villa F.C. season
| website       = http://www.avfc.co.uk/
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'''Aston Villa Football Club''' ({{pron-en|ˈæstən ˈvɪlə}}; forbye kent as '''''Villa''''', '''''The Villa'''''  an '''''The Villans''''') is a Inglis professional [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Witton, Wast Midlands|Witton]], [[Birmingham]], that play in the [[Premier League]]. The club wis foondit in 1874 an hae played at their current hame grund, [[Villa Park]], syne 1897. Aston Villa wis foonder members o [[The Fitbaa League]] in 1888. They wur foonder members o the Premier League in 1992 an aw. The club wis floated bi the previous awner an chairman [[Doug Ellis]], but in 2006 fou control o the club wis acquired bi [[Randy Lerner]].

They ar ane o the auldest an sonsiemaest fitbaw clubs in Inglan, winnin the First Division Championship seiven times an the [[FA Cup]] seiven times. Villa wan the [[1981–82 European Cup]], ane o anerlie fower Inglis clubs tae win whit is nou the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Aston Villa haes the fowert heichmaist tot o major honours wan bi an Inglis club.

They hae a rivalry wi local rivals [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]. The [[Seicont Ceety derby]] atween Aston Villa an Birmingham Ceety haes been played syne 1879. The club's traditional [[Kit (fitbaw)|kit]] colours ar [[claret]] sarks wi sky blue sleeves, white shorts an sky blue socks. Their traditional crest is o a [[Attitude (heraldry)#Rampant|rampant]] gowd lion on a licht blae background wi the club's slogan &quot;Prepared&quot; underneath; a modified version o this wis adopted in 2007

== Honours ==
{{FixBunching|beg}}
[[File:82team.jpg|thumb|right|The 1982 European Cup winnin squad celebrate the 25t anniversary o their win.]]
{{FixBunching|mid}}
[[File:AstonVilla1896-97.jpg|thumb|right|The Aston Villa team o 1896–97 wi the [[Football League First Division|First Division Championship]] an the FA Cup]]
{{FixBunching|mid}}

{{FixBunching|end}}

=== European ===
* [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]:
** Winners (1): 1982
* [[European Super Cup]]:
** Winners (1): 1982–83
* [[UEFA Intertoto Cup|Intertoto Cup]]:
** Winners (1): [[UEFA Intertoto Cup#1995–2005|2001]]

=== Domestic ===
==== League ====
* [[Football League First Division]] / [[Premier League]]:
** Winners (7): 1894, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1910, 1981
** Runners up (10): 1889, 1903, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1931, 1933, 1990, 1993
* '''[[Football League Second Division]]:'''
** Winners (2): 1938, 1960
** Runners up (2): 1975, 1988
* '''[[Football League Third Division]]:'''
** Winners (1): 1972

==== Cups ====
* [[FA Cup]]:
** Winners (7): 1887, 1895, 1897, 1905, 1913, 1920, 1957
** Runners up (3): 1892, 1924, 2000
* '''[[Football League Cup]]:'''
** Winners (5): 1961, 1975, 1977, 1994, 1996
** Runners up (3): 1963, 1971, 2010
* '''[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]'''
** Winners (1): 1981 (shared)
** Runners up (3): 1910, 1957, 1972
* '''[[Football League War Cup]]'''
** Winners (1): 1944 (Shared)

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Commonscat|Aston Villa FC}}

[[Category:Aston Villa F.C.| ]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1874]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Birmingham, Wast Midlands]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]
[[Category:Football League foonder members]]
[[Category:Umwhile Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Sport in Birmingham, Wast Midlands]]
[[Category:1870s establishments in Europe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6017" sha1="aio46d2mx3zd376dt9ab112b1eqipaq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
| clubname      = Aston Villa
| image         =
| fullname      = Aston Villa Football Club
| nickname      = ''The Villa'', ''The Villans'', ''The Lions'', ''The Claret and Blue''
| short name    = Villa, AVFC
| founded       = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1874|03}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aston_villa/default.stm |title=Aston Villa Football Club information |publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=26 June 2007 |date=1 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622084515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aston_villa/default.stm |archivedate=2007-06-22|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ground        = [[Villa Park]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/GettingToVillaPark |title=Getting to Villa Park |publisher=Aston Villa F.C |accessdate=19 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| capacity      = 42,682&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2013-14.pdf |title=Premier League Handbook Season 2013/14 |format=PDF |accessdate=17 August 2013 |work=[[Premier League]] |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131132636/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2013-14.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| owner        = Reform Acquisitions LLC
| chairman     = [[Wes Edens]]
&lt;!--DO NOT ADD DOUG ELLIS AS CHAIRMAN, he is the Chairman Emeritus, an honorary post--&gt;
| manager = [[Dean Smith]]
| league = {{English football updater|AstonVil}}
| season = {{English football updater|AstonVil2}}
| position = {{English football updater|AstonVil3}}
| current       = 2019/20 Aston Villa F.C. season
| website       = http://www.avfc.co.uk/
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'''Aston Villa Football Club''' ({{pron-en|ˈæstən ˈvɪlə}}; forbye kent as '''''Villa''''', '''''The Villa'''''  an '''''The Villans''''') is a Inglis professional [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Witton, Wast Midlands|Witton]], [[Birmingham]], that play in the [[Premier League]]. The club wis foondit in 1874 an hae played at their current hame grund, [[Villa Park]], syne 1897. Aston Villa wis foonder members o [[The Fitbaa League]] in 1888. They wur foonder members o the Premier League in 1992 an aw. The club wis floated bi the previous awner an chairman [[Doug Ellis]], but in 2006 fou control o the club wis acquired bi [[Randy Lerner]].

They ar ane o the auldest an sonsiemaest fitbaw clubs in Inglan, winnin the First Division Championship seiven times an the [[FA Cup]] seiven times. Villa wan the [[1981–82 European Cup]], ane o anerlie fower Inglis clubs tae win whit is nou the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Aston Villa haes the fowert heichmaist tot o major honours wan bi an Inglis club.

They hae a rivalry wi local rivals [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]. The [[Seicont Ceety derby]] atween Aston Villa an Birmingham Ceety haes been played syne 1879. The club's traditional [[Kit (fitbaw)|kit]] colours ar [[claret]] sarks wi sky blue sleeves, white shorts an sky blue socks. Their traditional crest is o a [[Attitude (heraldry)#Rampant|rampant]] gowd lion on a licht blae background wi the club's slogan &quot;Prepared&quot; underneath; a modified version o this wis adopted in 2007

== Honours ==
{{FixBunching|beg}}
[[File:82team.jpg|thumb|right|The 1982 European Cup winnin squad celebrate the 25t anniversary o their win.]]
{{FixBunching|mid}}
[[File:AstonVilla1896-97.jpg|thumb|right|The Aston Villa team o 1896–97 wi the [[Football League First Division|First Division Championship]] an the FA Cup]]
{{FixBunching|mid}}

{{FixBunching|end}}

=== European ===
* [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]:
** Winners (1): 1982
* [[European Super Cup]]:
** Winners (1): 1982–83
* [[UEFA Intertoto Cup|Intertoto Cup]]:
** Winners (1): [[UEFA Intertoto Cup#1995–2005|2001]]

=== Domestic ===
==== League ====
* [[Football League First Division]] / [[Premier League]]:
** Winners (7): 1894, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1910, 1981
** Runners up (10): 1889, 1903, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1931, 1933, 1990, 1993
* '''[[Football League Second Division]]:'''
** Winners (2): 1938, 1960
** Runners up (2): 1975, 1988
* '''[[Football League Third Division]]:'''
** Winners (1): 1972

==== Cups ====
* [[FA Cup]]:
** Winners (7): 1887, 1895, 1897, 1905, 1913, 1920, 1957
** Runners up (3): 1892, 1924, 2000
* '''[[Football League Cup]]:'''
** Winners (5): 1961, 1975, 1977, 1994, 1996
** Runners up (3): 1963, 1971, 2010
* '''[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]'''
** Winners (1): 1981 (shared)
** Runners up (3): 1910, 1957, 1972
* '''[[Football League War Cup]]'''
** Winners (1): 1944 (Shared)

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Commonscat|Aston Villa FC}}

[[Category:Aston Villa F.C.| ]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1874]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Birmingham, Wast Midlands]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]
[[Category:Football League foonder members]]
[[Category:Umwhile Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Sport in Birmingham, Wast Midlands]]
[[Category:1870s establishments in Europe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5999" sha1="cc9y5n6qbtf9r1q3bkog4kysllxc3lo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
| clubname      = Aston Villa
| fullname      = Aston Villa Football Club
| nickname      = ''The Villa'', ''The Villans'', ''The Lions'', ''The Claret and Blue''
| short name    = Villa, AVFC
| founded       = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1874|03}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aston_villa/default.stm |title=Aston Villa Football Club information |publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=26 June 2007 |date=1 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622084515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aston_villa/default.stm |archivedate=2007-06-22|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ground        = [[Villa Park]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/GettingToVillaPark |title=Getting to Villa Park |publisher=Aston Villa F.C |accessdate=19 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| capacity      = 42,682&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2013-14.pdf |title=Premier League Handbook Season 2013/14 |format=PDF |accessdate=17 August 2013 |work=[[Premier League]] |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131132636/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2013-14.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| owner        = Reform Acquisitions LLC
| chairman     = [[Wes Edens]]
&lt;!--DO NOT ADD DOUG ELLIS AS CHAIRMAN, he is the Chairman Emeritus, an honorary post--&gt;
| manager = [[Dean Smith]]
| league = {{English football updater|AstonVil}}
| season = {{English football updater|AstonVil2}}
| position = {{English football updater|AstonVil3}}
| current       = 2019/20 Aston Villa F.C. season
| website       = http://www.avfc.co.uk/
| pattern_la1 = _astonvilla2425h
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'''Aston Villa Football Club''' ({{pron-en|ˈæstən ˈvɪlə}}; forbye kent as '''''Villa''''', '''''The Villa'''''  an '''''The Villans''''') is a Inglis professional [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Witton, Wast Midlands|Witton]], [[Birmingham]], that play in the [[Premier League]]. The club wis foondit in 1874 an hae played at their current hame grund, [[Villa Park]], syne 1897. Aston Villa wis foonder members o [[The Fitbaa League]] in 1888. They wur foonder members o the Premier League in 1992 an aw. The club wis floated bi the previous awner an chairman [[Doug Ellis]], but in 2006 fou control o the club wis acquired bi [[Randy Lerner]].

They ar ane o the auldest an sonsiemaest fitbaw clubs in Inglan, winnin the First Division Championship seiven times an the [[FA Cup]] seiven times. Villa wan the [[1981–82 European Cup]], ane o anerlie fower Inglis clubs tae win whit is nou the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Aston Villa haes the fowert heichmaist tot o major honours wan bi an Inglis club.

They hae a rivalry wi local rivals [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]. The [[Seicont Ceety derby]] atween Aston Villa an Birmingham Ceety haes been played syne 1879. The club's traditional [[Kit (fitbaw)|kit]] colours ar [[claret]] sarks wi sky blue sleeves, white shorts an sky blue socks. Their traditional crest is o a [[Attitude (heraldry)#Rampant|rampant]] gowd lion on a licht blae background wi the club's slogan &quot;Prepared&quot; underneath; a modified version o this wis adopted in 2007

== Honours ==
{{FixBunching|beg}}
[[File:82team.jpg|thumb|right|The 1982 European Cup winnin squad celebrate the 25t anniversary o their win.]]
{{FixBunching|mid}}
[[File:AstonVilla1896-97.jpg|thumb|right|The Aston Villa team o 1896–97 wi the [[Football League First Division|First Division Championship]] an the FA Cup]]
{{FixBunching|mid}}

{{FixBunching|end}}

=== European ===
* [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]:
** Winners (1): 1982
* [[European Super Cup]]:
** Winners (1): 1982–83
* [[UEFA Intertoto Cup|Intertoto Cup]]:
** Winners (1): [[UEFA Intertoto Cup#1995–2005|2001]]

=== Domestic ===
==== League ====
* [[Football League First Division]] / [[Premier League]]:
** Winners (7): 1894, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1910, 1981
** Runners up (10): 1889, 1903, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1931, 1933, 1990, 1993
* '''[[Football League Second Division]]:'''
** Winners (2): 1938, 1960
** Runners up (2): 1975, 1988
* '''[[Football League Third Division]]:'''
** Winners (1): 1972

==== Cups ====
* [[FA Cup]]:
** Winners (7): 1887, 1895, 1897, 1905, 1913, 1920, 1957
** Runners up (3): 1892, 1924, 2000
* '''[[Football League Cup]]:'''
** Winners (5): 1961, 1975, 1977, 1994, 1996
** Runners up (3): 1963, 1971, 2010
* '''[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]'''
** Winners (1): 1981 (shared)
** Runners up (3): 1910, 1957, 1972
* '''[[Football League War Cup]]'''
** Winners (1): 1944 (Shared)

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Commonscat|Aston Villa FC}}

[[Category:Aston Villa F.C.| ]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1874]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Birmingham, Wast Midlands]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]
[[Category:Football League foonder members]]
[[Category:Umwhile Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Sport in Birmingham, Wast Midlands]]
[[Category:1870s establishments in Europe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Puebla, Puebla</title>
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      <text bytes="7252" sha1="54lgkmyych873065h2cbznre2hdyv1v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = 
|name                   = Puebla de Zaragoza
|other_name             =
|native_name            = Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza
|nickname               = The Reliquary o Americae, the Ceety o Angels, The Angelópolis
|settlement_type        = Toun &amp; Municipality
|total_type             = Municipality
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              = 280px
|image_caption          = Touers an domes o the Pueblan dountoun kirks
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           = Escudo Puebla.png
|shield_size            =
|city_logo              =
|citylogo_size          =
|image_map              = Puebla Mun-PUE.svg
|mapsize                = 180px
|map_caption            = Location o Puebla athin the state
|image_map1             = Mexico map, MX-PUE.svg
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           = Location o the state athin Mexico |image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Mexico
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = [[Mexico]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Puebla]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Puebla (municipality)|Puebla]]
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = Municipal&amp;nbsp;Preses
|leader_name            = [[Eduardo Rivera Pérez]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|leader_title1          = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1531
|established_title2     = Municipal Status
|established_date2      = 1821
|established_title3     =
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                = &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           =534.32
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2010
|population_footnotes           = Municipality
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 1,539,819
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_blank1_title        = Seat
|population_blank1              = 1,499,519&lt;!-- population of seat --&gt;
|population_blank2_title        =
|population_blank2              =
|population_metro               = 2,668,347
|population_blank1_title        =[[Demonym]]
|population_blank1              = Poblano
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt;
|timezone               = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
|utc_offset             = −6
|timezone_DST           = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST         = −5
|coordinates            = {{coord|19|02|43|N|98|11|51|W|region:MX|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    = of seat
|elevation_m            = 2135
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       = Postal code (of seat) &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            = 72000
|area_code              = 222
|blank_name             =
|blank_name_sec1    =[[Human Development Index|HDI]]
|blank_info_sec1    =
|blank_name_sec2    =GDP
|blank_info_sec2    =1.527&amp;nbsp;billion [[Mexican peso|pesos]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puebla City. |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/bise/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=09 |year=2010 |accessdate=2010-10-20 |archive-date=2012-08-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803131901/http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/bise/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=09 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|blank1_name            = [[Demonym]]
|blank1_info            =
|iso_code       = MX-PUE
|website                = {{es icon}} [http://www.pueblacapital.gob.mx/ Official site]
|footnotes              =
}}
{{Infobox Warld Heritage Steid
| WHS         = Historic Dountoun o Puebla
| Image       = [[File:Catedral puebla nocturna.jpg|200px|Cathedral]]
| State Party = [[Mexico]]
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = ii, iv
| ID          = 416
| Region      = Laitin Americae an the Caribbean
| Year        = 1987
| Session     = 11t
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/416
}}

The ceety an municipality o '''Puebla''' ({{IPA-es|ˈpweβla}}) is the caipital o the state o [[Puebla]], an ane o the five maist important colonial ceeties in [[Mexico]]. It is locatit tae the east o [[Mexico Ceety]] an wast o the port o [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]], on the main route atween the twa. The ceety wis foondit in 1531 in an aurie cawed Cuetlaxcoapan which means “where serpents change their skin.” This valley wis no populatit in the 16t century as in the pre-Hispanic period, this aurie wis primarily uised tae the “Flouer Wars” atween a number o populations. Due tae its history an airchitectural styles rangin frae [[Renaissance airchitectur|Renaissance]] tae Mexican [[Baroque airchitectur|Baroque]], the ceety wis named a [[Warld Heritage Steid]] in 1987.  The ceety is an aa famous for [[mole poblano]], [[chiles en nogada]] an [[Talavera (pottery)|Talavera pottery]]. Housomeivver, maist o its economy is based on industry.

== Twin touns - sister ceeties ==
Puebla is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
* {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Asuncion]] in [[Paraguay]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Cancun]] in [[Mexico]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Łódź]] in [[Poland]] &lt;small&gt;''(since 1997)''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Oklahoma Ceety]] in [[Unitit States]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pueblo, Colorado|Pueblo]] in [[Unitit States]]
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Rhodes]] in [[Greece]]
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Talavera de la Reina]] in [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Wolfsburg]] in [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Xalapa]] in [[Mexico]]
* {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fes|Fez]] in [[Morocco]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Puebla (city)|Puebla, Puebla}}

{{MexicoStateCaipitals}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puebla, Puebla}}
[[Category:Populatit places in Puebla]]
[[Category:Caipitals o states o Mexico]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Mexico]]
[[Category:1531 establishments]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 1530s]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5169" sha1="513q6jkoyax16hbalc8xhg1ykhd4jvl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Puebla de Zaragoza
|native_name            = Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza
|nickname               = The Reliquary o Americae, the Ceety o Angels, The Angelópolis
|settlement_type        = Toun &amp; Municipality
|total_type             = Municipality
|imagesize              = 280px
|image_caption          = Touers an domes o the Pueblan dountoun kirks
|image_shield           = Escudo Puebla.png
|image_map              = Puebla Mun-PUE.svg
|mapsize                = 180px
|map_caption            = Location o Puebla athin the state
|image_map1             = Mexico map, MX-PUE.svg
|map_caption1           = Location o the state athin Mexico 
|pushpin_map            = Mexico
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = [[Mexico]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Puebla]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Puebla (municipality)|Puebla]]
|leader_title           = Municipal&amp;nbsp;Preses
|leader_name            = [[Eduardo Rivera Pérez]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1531
|established_title2     = Municipal Status
|established_date2      = 1821
|area_total_km2           =534.32
|population_as_of               = 2010
|population_footnotes           = Municipality
|population_total               = 1,539,819
|population_blank1_title        = Seat
|population_blank1              = 1,499,519
|population_metro               = 2,668,347
|population_blank1_title        =[[Demonym]]
|population_blank1              = Poblano
|timezone               = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
|utc_offset             = −6
|timezone_DST           = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST         = −5
|coordinates            = {{coord|19|02|43|N|98|11|51|W|region:MX|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    = of seat
|elevation_m            = 2135
|postal_code_type       = Postal code (of seat) 
|postal_code            = 72000
|area_code              = 222
|blank_name_sec1    =[[Human Development Index|HDI]]
|blank_name_sec2    =GDP
|blank_info_sec2    =1.527&amp;nbsp;billion [[Mexican peso|pesos]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Puebla City. |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/bise/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=09 |year=2010 |accessdate=2010-10-20 |archive-date=2012-08-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803131901/http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/bise/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=09 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|blank1_name            = [[Demonym]]
|iso_code       = MX-PUE
|website                = {{es icon}} [http://www.pueblacapital.gob.mx/ Official site]
}}
{{Infobox Warld Heritage Steid
| WHS         = Historic Dountoun o Puebla
| Image       = [[File:Catedral puebla nocturna.jpg|200px|Cathedral]]
| State Party = [[Mexico]]
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = ii, iv
| ID          = 416
| Region      = Laitin Americae an the Caribbean
| Year        = 1987
| Session     = 11t
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/416
}}

The ceety an municipality o '''Puebla''' ({{IPA-es|ˈpweβla}}) is the caipital o the state o [[Puebla]], an ane o the five maist important colonial ceeties in [[Mexico]]. It is locatit tae the east o [[Mexico Ceety]] an wast o the port o [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]], on the main route atween the twa. The ceety wis foondit in 1531 in an aurie cawed Cuetlaxcoapan which means “where serpents change their skin.” This valley wis no populatit in the 16t century as in the pre-Hispanic period, this aurie wis primarily uised tae the “Flouer Wars” atween a number o populations. Due tae its history an airchitectural styles rangin frae [[Renaissance airchitectur|Renaissance]] tae Mexican [[Baroque airchitectur|Baroque]], the ceety wis named a [[Warld Heritage Steid]] in 1987.  The ceety is an aa famous for [[mole poblano]], [[chiles en nogada]] an [[Talavera (pottery)|Talavera pottery]]. Housomeivver, maist o its economy is based on industry.

== Twin touns - sister ceeties ==
Puebla is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
* {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Asuncion]] in [[Paraguay]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Cancun]] in [[Mexico]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Łódź]] in [[Poland]] &lt;small&gt;''(since 1997)''&lt;/small&gt;
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Oklahoma Ceety]] in [[Unitit States]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pueblo, Colorado|Pueblo]] in [[Unitit States]]
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Rhodes]] in [[Greece]]
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Talavera de la Reina]] in [[Spain]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Wolfsburg]] in [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Xalapa]] in [[Mexico]]
* {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fes|Fez]] in [[Morocco]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Puebla (city)|Puebla, Puebla}}

{{MexicoStateCaipitals}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puebla, Puebla}}
[[Category:Populatit places in Puebla]]
[[Category:Caipitals o states o Mexico]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Mexico]]
[[Category:1531 establishments]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 1530s]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leon Trotsky</title>
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      <text bytes="7631" sha1="2eauylluwb3n06vudt36yzhc7hdiiu2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name            = Leon Trotsky
| image           = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R15068, Leo Dawidowitsch Trotzki.jpg
| caption         =
| birthname       = Lev (Leiba) Davidovich Bronshtein
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|11|07|1879}}
| birth_place     = near [[Kirovohrad|Yelizavetgrad]], [[Kherson Governorate]], [[Roushie Empire]]
| death_date      = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1940|8|21|1879|11|7}} 
| death_place     = [[Coyoacán]], [[Mexico Ceety|DF]], [[Mexico]]
| party           = [[Roushie Social Democratic Labour Pairty|RSDLP]], [[Social Democratic Pairty o Swisserland|SDPS]], [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]], [[Left Opposition]], [[IV International]]
| spouse          = [[Aleksandra Sokolovskaya]], [[Natalia Sedova]]
| religion        = Nane ([[atheist]])&lt;ref&gt;[[Robert Service (historian)|Robert Service]] (2009). ''Trotsky: A Biography''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]]. pp. 199–201. ISBN 0-674-03615-8&lt;/ref&gt;
| citizenship     = [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]
| smallimage      =
| order           = Fowkcommissar o Foreign Affairs o the RSFSR
| term_start      = 8 November 1917
| term_end        = 13 Mairch 1918
| premier         = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| predecessor     = [[Mikhail Tereshchenko]]
| successor       = [[Georgy Chicherin]]
| order2          = [[Meenister o Defence (Soviet Union)|Fowkcommissar o Militar an Naval Affairs o the Soviet Union]]
| term_start2     = 29 August 1919 
| term_end2       = 15 Januar 1925
| premier2        = Vladimir Lenin&lt;br&gt;[[Alexey Rykov]]
| predecessor2    = [[Lev Kamenev]]
| successor2      = [[Mikhail Frunze]]
| order3          = [[Chairman|Preses]] o the [[Petrograd Soviet]]
| term_start3     = 8 October 1917
| term_end3       = 8 November 1917
| signature       = Leon Trotsky Signature.svg
}}
'''Leon Trotsky''' ([[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: {{Audio|ru-Leon Trotsky.ogg|Лев Дави́дович Тро́цкий}}, {{lang-uk|Лев Дави́дович Тро́цький}} (''Lev Davidovich Trotsky'', an aa transliteratit ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' an ''Trotzky''); {{OldStyleDate|7 November|1879|26 October}} – 21 August 1940), born '''Lev Davidovich Bronstein''' ({{lang-ru|Лев Дави́дович Бронште́йн}}), wis a Roushie [[Marxist]] revolutionary an theorist, Soviet politeecian, an the foonder an first leader o the [[Red Airmy]].

Trotsky wis ane o the leaders o the Roushie [[October Revolution]], seicont ae tae [[Vladimir Lenin]]. Durin the early days o the Soviet Union, he servit first as [[Meenistry o Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)|Fowkcommissar for Foreign Affairs]] an later as the foonder an commander o the [[Red Airmy]] an Fowkcommissar o War, he wis a major figure in the Bolshevik victory in the [[Roushie Civil War]]. He wis amang the first memmers o the [[Politburo o the CPSU Central Committee|Politburo]] an aw.

Efter leadin a failed struggle o the [[Left Opposition]] against the policies an rise o [[Joseph Stalin]] in the 1920s an the increasin role o bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky wis successively remuivit frae pouer, expelled frae the [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|Communist Pairty]], deportit frae the Soviet Union an assassinatit on Stalin's orders. An early advocate o Reid Airmy intervention against European [[fascism]],&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, the letter publisht in the Internal Bulletin o the Communist League o Americae, no.11, 31 Mairch 1933 {{cite web
|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/germany/1933/330317.htm
|title=Leon Trotsky: Germany and the USSR (1933)
|publisher=Trotsky Internet Archive
|accessdate=2009-06-25
|last=
|first=
}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Trotsky opposed Stalin's [[Soviet–German relations afore 1941|peace greements]] wi [[Adolf Hitler]] in the 1930s an aw.

As the heid o the [[Fowert Internaitional]], Trotsky continued in exile tae oppose the Stalinist [[bureaucracy]] in the Soviet Union, an wis eventually assassinatit in Mexico, bi [[Ramón Mercader]], a Soviet agent.&lt;ref&gt;The murther weapon wis a hidden cut-doun [[ice axe]], no an [[ice pick]]. Mony history an reference beuks hae ramfeeselt the twa. See Robert Conquest, ''The Great Terror: A Reassessment'', Oxford University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-19-507132-8, p. 418 for a detailed account&lt;/ref&gt; Trotsky's ideas form the basis o [[Trotskyism]], a major schuil o Marxist thocht that is opposed tae the theories o [[Stalinism]].

=== Epilogue ===
Trotsky's hoose in [[Coyoacán]] wis preserved much as it wis on the day o the assassination an is the nou a museum run bi a buird whilk includes his grandson Esteban Volkov. The current director o the museum is [[Carlos Ramirez Sandoval]]. Trotsky's grave is locatit in the gairden on the grunds. A new foundation (Internaitional Friends o the Leon Trotsky Museum) haes been organisit for tae raise siller tae further improve the Museum.

Trotsky wis ane o the few Soviet poleetical figurs who wis niver [[Rehabilitation (Soviet)|rehabilitatit]] bi the [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachev]] admeenistration.

Trotsky wis rehabilitatit in 16 Juin 2001 on the basis o the decision o the General Prosecutor's Office.

Trotsky's grandson, Esteban Volkov, who lives in Mexico, is an active promoter o his grandfaither. Trotsky's great-granddochter, [[Mexican American]] [[Nora Volkow]] (Volkov's dochter), is currently heid o the U.S. [[National Institute on Drug Abuse]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trotsky, Leon}}
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1940 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 creemes]]
[[Category:Leon Trotsky| ]]
[[Category:Trotskyists|*]]
[[Category:Anti-fascists]]
[[Category:Atheism activists]]
[[Category:Autobiografers]]
[[Category:Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Comintern fowk]]
[[Category:Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Communist writers]]
[[Category:Expelled memmers o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Foreign Meenisters o Roushie]]
[[Category:Historians o communism]]
[[Category:Individuals purgit frae the govrenment o the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Marxist theorists]]
[[Category:Marxist historians]]
[[Category:Marxist writers]]
[[Category:Auld Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Orthodox Marxists]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Roushie Ceevil War]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Roushie Revolution]]
[[Category:Roushie fowk murthert abroad]]
[[Category:Roushie Social Democratic Labour Pairty memmers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian atheists]]
[[Category:Ukrainian expatriates in Austrick]]
[[Category:Ukrainian expatriates in Mexico]]
[[Category:Roushie Marxists]]
[[Category:Roushie communists]]
[[Category:Roushie atheists]]
[[Category:Roushie militar leaders]]
[[Category:Roushie militar writers]]
[[Category:Roushie revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Soviet expellees]]
[[Category:Soviet Meenisters o Defence]]
[[Category:Unpersons in Eastern Bloc]]
[[Category:Jewish atheists]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:Soviet Jews]]
[[Category:Refugees in Mexico]]
[[Category:Jewish Mexican history]]
[[Category:Roushie expatriates in Austrick]]
[[Category:Roushie expatriates in Mexico]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Kirovohrad Oblast]]
[[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]]
[[Category:Attemptit assassination survivors]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Roushie politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Mexico]]
[[Category:Daiths bi stobbin]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Reid Banner]]
[[Category:Politburo o the Central Committee o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Trotskyists]]
[[Category:Fowkcommissars an Meenisters o the Soviet Union]]


{{Stub/RoushiePoliteecian}}
{{Stub/Mexico}}
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      <text bytes="7591" sha1="faog7flh27vq7f8z2iik5xzt0gylyhe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name            = Leon Trotsky
| image           = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R15068, Leo Dawidowitsch Trotzki.jpg
| birthname       = Lev (Leiba) Davidovich Bronshtein
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|11|07|1879}}
| birth_place     = near [[Kirovohrad|Yelizavetgrad]], [[Kherson Governorate]], [[Roushie Empire]]
| death_date      = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1940|8|21|1879|11|7}} 
| death_place     = [[Coyoacán]], [[Mexico Ceety|DF]], [[Mexico]]
| party           = [[Roushie Social Democratic Labour Pairty|RSDLP]], [[Social Democratic Pairty o Swisserland|SDPS]], [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]], [[Left Opposition]], [[IV International]]
| spouse          = [[Aleksandra Sokolovskaya]], [[Natalia Sedova]]
| religion        = Nane ([[atheist]])&lt;ref&gt;[[Robert Service (historian)|Robert Service]] (2009). ''Trotsky: A Biography''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]]. pp. 199–201. ISBN 0-674-03615-8&lt;/ref&gt;
| citizenship     = [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]
| order           = Fowkcommissar o Foreign Affairs o the RSFSR
| term_start      = 8 November 1917
| term_end        = 13 Mairch 1918
| premier         = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| predecessor     = [[Mikhail Tereshchenko]]
| successor       = [[Georgy Chicherin]]
| order2          = [[Meenister o Defence (Soviet Union)|Fowkcommissar o Militar an Naval Affairs o the Soviet Union]]
| term_start2     = 29 August 1919 
| term_end2       = 15 Januar 1925
| premier2        = Vladimir Lenin&lt;br&gt;[[Alexey Rykov]]
| predecessor2    = [[Lev Kamenev]]
| successor2      = [[Mikhail Frunze]]
| order3          = [[Chairman|Preses]] o the [[Petrograd Soviet]]
| term_start3     = 8 October 1917
| term_end3       = 8 November 1917
| signature       = Leon Trotsky Signature.svg
}}
'''Leon Trotsky''' ([[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: {{Audio|ru-Leon Trotsky.ogg|Лев Дави́дович Тро́цкий}}, {{lang-uk|Лев Дави́дович Тро́цький}} (''Lev Davidovich Trotsky'', an aa transliteratit ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' an ''Trotzky''); {{OldStyleDate|7 November|1879|26 October}} – 21 August 1940), born '''Lev Davidovich Bronstein''' ({{lang-ru|Лев Дави́дович Бронште́йн}}), wis a Roushie [[Marxist]] revolutionary an theorist, Soviet politeecian, an the foonder an first leader o the [[Red Airmy]].

Trotsky wis ane o the leaders o the Roushie [[October Revolution]], seicont ae tae [[Vladimir Lenin]]. Durin the early days o the Soviet Union, he servit first as [[Meenistry o Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)|Fowkcommissar for Foreign Affairs]] an later as the foonder an commander o the [[Red Airmy]] an Fowkcommissar o War, he wis a major figure in the Bolshevik victory in the [[Roushie Civil War]]. He wis amang the first memmers o the [[Politburo o the CPSU Central Committee|Politburo]] an aw.

Efter leadin a failed struggle o the [[Left Opposition]] against the policies an rise o [[Joseph Stalin]] in the 1920s an the increasin role o bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky wis successively remuivit frae pouer, expelled frae the [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|Communist Pairty]], deportit frae the Soviet Union an assassinatit on Stalin's orders. An early advocate o Reid Airmy intervention against European [[fascism]],&lt;ref&gt;See, for example, the letter publisht in the Internal Bulletin o the Communist League o Americae, no.11, 31 Mairch 1933 {{cite web
|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/germany/1933/330317.htm
|title=Leon Trotsky: Germany and the USSR (1933)
|publisher=Trotsky Internet Archive
|accessdate=2009-06-25
|last=
|first=
}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Trotsky opposed Stalin's [[Soviet–German relations afore 1941|peace greements]] wi [[Adolf Hitler]] in the 1930s an aw.

As the heid o the [[Fowert Internaitional]], Trotsky continued in exile tae oppose the Stalinist [[bureaucracy]] in the Soviet Union, an wis eventually assassinatit in Mexico, bi [[Ramón Mercader]], a Soviet agent.&lt;ref&gt;The murther weapon wis a hidden cut-doun [[ice axe]], no an [[ice pick]]. Mony history an reference beuks hae ramfeeselt the twa. See Robert Conquest, ''The Great Terror: A Reassessment'', Oxford University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-19-507132-8, p. 418 for a detailed account&lt;/ref&gt; Trotsky's ideas form the basis o [[Trotskyism]], a major schuil o Marxist thocht that is opposed tae the theories o [[Stalinism]].

=== Epilogue ===
Trotsky's hoose in [[Coyoacán]] wis preserved much as it wis on the day o the assassination an is the nou a museum run bi a buird whilk includes his grandson Esteban Volkov. The current director o the museum is [[Carlos Ramirez Sandoval]]. Trotsky's grave is locatit in the gairden on the grunds. A new foundation (Internaitional Friends o the Leon Trotsky Museum) haes been organisit for tae raise siller tae further improve the Museum.

Trotsky wis ane o the few Soviet poleetical figurs who wis niver [[Rehabilitation (Soviet)|rehabilitatit]] bi the [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachev]] admeenistration.

Trotsky wis rehabilitatit in 16 Juin 2001 on the basis o the decision o the General Prosecutor's Office.

Trotsky's grandson, Esteban Volkov, who lives in Mexico, is an active promoter o his grandfaither. Trotsky's great-granddochter, [[Mexican American]] [[Nora Volkow]] (Volkov's dochter), is currently heid o the U.S. [[National Institute on Drug Abuse]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trotsky, Leon}}
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1940 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 creemes]]
[[Category:Leon Trotsky| ]]
[[Category:Trotskyists|*]]
[[Category:Anti-fascists]]
[[Category:Atheism activists]]
[[Category:Autobiografers]]
[[Category:Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Comintern fowk]]
[[Category:Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Communist writers]]
[[Category:Expelled memmers o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Foreign Meenisters o Roushie]]
[[Category:Historians o communism]]
[[Category:Individuals purgit frae the govrenment o the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Marxist theorists]]
[[Category:Marxist historians]]
[[Category:Marxist writers]]
[[Category:Auld Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Orthodox Marxists]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Roushie Ceevil War]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Roushie Revolution]]
[[Category:Roushie fowk murthert abroad]]
[[Category:Roushie Social Democratic Labour Pairty memmers]]
[[Category:Ukrainian atheists]]
[[Category:Ukrainian expatriates in Austrick]]
[[Category:Ukrainian expatriates in Mexico]]
[[Category:Roushie Marxists]]
[[Category:Roushie communists]]
[[Category:Roushie atheists]]
[[Category:Roushie militar leaders]]
[[Category:Roushie militar writers]]
[[Category:Roushie revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Soviet expellees]]
[[Category:Soviet Meenisters o Defence]]
[[Category:Unpersons in Eastern Bloc]]
[[Category:Jewish atheists]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:Soviet Jews]]
[[Category:Refugees in Mexico]]
[[Category:Jewish Mexican history]]
[[Category:Roushie expatriates in Austrick]]
[[Category:Roushie expatriates in Mexico]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Kirovohrad Oblast]]
[[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]]
[[Category:Attemptit assassination survivors]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Roushie politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Mexico]]
[[Category:Daiths bi stobbin]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Reid Banner]]
[[Category:Politburo o the Central Committee o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Trotskyists]]
[[Category:Fowkcommissars an Meenisters o the Soviet Union]]


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    <title>Miami</title>
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      <text bytes="13922" sha1="54ear4ys0n2xyzbe5lpt8kwwd7k13t5" xml:space="preserve">{{Aboot|the ceety in Florida}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Miami
| official_name           = City of Miami
| settlement_type         = Ceety
| image_skyline           = Miami collage 20110330.jpg
| image_size              = 300px
| image_alt               = A collage of images of Miami.
| image_caption           = Frae top, left tae richt: Skyline o [[Downtown Miami|Downtown]], [[Freedom Tower (Miami)|Freedom Tower]], [[Villa Vizcaya]], [[Miami Tower]], [[Virginia Key|Virginia Key Beach]], [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts]], [[AmericanAirlines Arena]], [[Port of Miami]], skyline o Dountoun at nicht
| image_flag              = Flag of Miami, Florida.svg
| image_seal              = Escudo de Miami.svg
| nickname                = &quot;Magic City&quot;, &quot;The Gateway to the Americas&quot;, &quot;Capital of Latin America&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;time.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html | work=Time | title=Miami: the Capital of Latin America | date=December 2, 1993 | access-date=2013-03-13 | archive-date=2013-08-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813065922/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cnbcmagazine.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.cnbcmagazine.com/story/shore-bet/1346/1/ SHORE BET – CNBC Business] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108195519/http://www.cnbcmagazine.com/story/shore-bet/1346/1/ |date=2013-01-08 }}. Cnbcmagazine.com. Retrieved on 2012-10-08.&lt;/ref&gt;
| image_map               = Miami-Dade County Florida Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Miami Highlighted.svg
| map_caption             = Location in [[Miami-Dade Coonty]] an the state o Florida
| pushpin_map             = USA
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Unitit States
| pushpin_label           = Miami
| coordinates             = {{coord|25|47|16|N|80|13|27|W|region:US-FL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Unitit States]]
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_name1       = [[Florida]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leet o coonties in Florida|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Miami-Dade Coonty|Miami-Dade]]
| established_title       = Settled
| established_date        = 1825
| established_title2      = Incorporatit
| established_date2       = 28 Julie 1896
| named_for               = [[Mayaimi]]
| government_type         = [[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Mayor–commissioner plan]]
| leader_party            = [[Independent (politeecian)|I]]
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = [[Tomás Regalado (American politeecian)|Tomás Regalado]]
| leader_title1           = Ceety manager
| leader_name1            = Johnny Martinez
| unit_pref               = US
| area_total_sq_mi        = 55.27
| area_land_sq_mi         = 35.68
| area_water_sq_mi        = 19.59
| area_urban_sq_mi        = 1116.1
| area_metro_sq_mi        = 6137
| elevation_ft            = 6
| population_footnotes    =&lt;ref name=censuspop&gt;{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&amp;prodType=table|title=American Factfinder, Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010  |publisher=[[US Census Bureau]] |accessdate=October 21, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;American Community Survey&quot;&gt;[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=40000US56602&amp;-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&amp;-context=adp&amp;-ds_name=&amp;-tree_id=3308&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-format= American Community Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028193609/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=40000US56602&amp;-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&amp;-context=adp&amp;-ds_name=&amp;-tree_id=3308&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-format= |date=2011-10-28 }} Miami Urbanized Area (2008 estimate)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2009.html |title=Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas |access-date=2012-10-18 |archive-date=2011-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514000702/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2009.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-01.csv &quot;2009 City Estimates&quot;], US Census Bureau. (CSV format) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829192247/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-01.csv |date=2011-08-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 408568 ([[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt]])
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_sq_mi= 12139.5
| population_urban        = 5502379 ([[Leet o Unitit States urban auries|4t]])
| population_demonym      = Miamian
| timezone1               = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset1             = −5
| timezone1_DST           = [[Eastren Time Zone|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = −4
| postal_code_type        = [[ZIP code|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code             = 33010–33299
| area_code               = [[Aurie code 305|305]], [[Aurie code 786|786]]
| website                 = [http://www.miamigov.com/home/ miamigov.com/home]
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Miami''' ({{pron-en|maɪˈæmi}} or {{IPA-en|maɪˈæmə|}}) is a major city locatit on the [[Atlantic]] coast in sootheastren [[Florida]] an the [[coonty seat]] o [[Miami-Dade Coonty, Florida|Miami-Dade Coonty]], the maist populous coonty in Florida, an the [[Leet o the maist populous coonties in the Unitit States|aicht-maist populous coonty in the Unitit States]], wi a population o 2,500,625.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/miami-dade/story/1378375.html MiamiHerald.com]&lt;/ref&gt; The 42nt lairgest city in the Unitit States, wi a population o 433,136, it is the principal, central, an maist populous city o the [[Miami metropolitan aurie]], the [[Sootheastren Unitit States#Largest metropolitan auries|maist populous metropolis in the Southeastren Unitit States]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv | title = http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv | format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]] | work = 2009 Population Estimates | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | date = 2009-07-01 | accessdate = 2010-04-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae Unitit Naitions estimates, the Miami Urbanized Area wis the fift maist populous [[Urbanized area#United States|urbanized area]] in the U.S. in 2000 wi a population o 4,919,036, but in 2008 that nummer increased tae 5,232,342, makin it the fowert-lairgest urbanized area in the [[Unitit States]], ahint [[New York Ceety]], [[Los Angeles]], an [[Chicago]].&lt;ref name=&quot;American Community Survey&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua2k.txt List of Urbanized Areas]&amp;nbsp;– accessed July 16, 2008&lt;/ref&gt; The metropolitan aurie population is 5,547,051 (1 Julie 2009 estimate).

Miami is a major centre an a leader in finance, commerce, cultur, media, entertainment, the airts, an internaitional tred.&lt;ref name=GAWC&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2008 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, [[Loughborough University]] |accessdate=March 3, 2009 |archive-date=2016-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811203314/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |title=Inventory of World Cities |publisher=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network |accessdate=2007-12-01 |archive-date=2013-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2010, Miami ranked seivent in the Unitit States in terms o finance, commerce, cultur, entertainment, fashion, eddication, an ither sectors. It ranked thirtie-third amang global ceeties.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |title=The Global Cities Index 2010 |accessdate=2010-09-08 |archive-date=2012-02-02 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/659S16ErP?url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2008, Miami wis ranked as &quot;Americae's Cleanest City&quot; accordin tae [[Forbes Magazine]] for its year-roond guid air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinkin watter, clean streets an ceety-wide recyclin programs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Van Riper&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/business/2008/03/17/miami-seattle-orlando-biz-logistics-cx_tvr_0317cleanest.html |title=America's cleanest cities |last=Van Riper |first=Tom |date=March 17, 2008 |publisher=[[Forbes Magazine]] |accessdate=2008-02-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529143525/http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/17/miami-seattle-orlando-biz-logistics-cx_tvr_0317cleanest.html |archivedate=2010-05-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2009, [[UBS AG|UBS]] study o 73 warld cities, Miami wis ranked as the richest city in the Unitit States an the warld's fift-richest city, in terms o [[purchasin pouer]].&lt;ref name=&quot;City Mayors&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |title=City Mayors: World's richest cities by purchasing power |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=2009-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Downtown Miami]] an [[Sooth Florida]] are hame tae the lairgest concentration o internaitional banks in the Unitit States, an is hame tae mony lairge companies baith naitionally an internaitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nestseekers.com/Neighborhood/3059/Brickell/Sales |title=Nest Seekers International |access-date=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2009-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701071938/http://www.nestseekers.com/Neighborhood/3059/Brickell/Sales |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.madduxco.com/brickell.htm |title=Brickell – Downtown Miami, Florida |access-date=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2016-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113152721/http://www.madduxco.com/brickell.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

For well mair nor twa decades, the [[Port o Miami]], kent as the &quot;Cruise Caipital o the Warld&quot; is the nummer ane cruise passenger port in the warld accommodatin some o the lairgest cruise ships in the warld, an operations an is the busiest in baith passenger traffeck an cruise lines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/ |title=Miami-Dade.gov Port of Miami |access-date=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2012-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918071541/http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Port of Miami&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://gomiami.about.com/od/cruisingportofmiami/a/cruiselines.htm |title=Cruise lines departing from the Port of Miami |access-date=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2015-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628233320/http://gomiami.about.com/od/cruisingportofmiami/a/cruiselines.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sister ceeties ==
{{See an aa|Leet o sister ceeties in Florida}}

* {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], Jordan (syne 1995)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp|title=Amman’s Relations with Other Cities|access-date=2011-09-19|archive-date=2008-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226121545/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], Turkey
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]], Colombie (syne 1971)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |publisher=City of Miami |accessdate=July 13, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526222509/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp |archivedate=2007-05-26 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentinae (syne 1979)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Cochabamba]], Bolivie&lt;ref name=&quot;sisterorg&quot; /&gt;
*{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], Cuba (syne 1926)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kagoshima]], Japan (syne 1990)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Lima]], Peru (syne 1977)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Managua]], Nicaragua (syne 1991)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.managua.gob.ni/index.php?s=1153|title=Office of the Mayor of Managua, Nicaragua (In Spanish) |accessdate=November 7, 2009 |publisher=Office of the Mayor of Managua }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Murcia]], Spain&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Palermo]], Italy (syne 2001)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Haiti}} [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti (syne 1991)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Qingdao]], Fowkrepublic o Cheenae&lt;!--It must say PRC in full!--&gt; (syne 2005)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil (syne 2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Santiago]], Chile (syne 1986)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santo Domingo]], Dominican Republic (syne 1987)&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Varna]], Bulgarie&lt;ref name=&quot;sisterorg&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/USA/FL |title=Online Directory: Florida, USA |accessdate=July 25, 2008 |publisher=Sister Cities International }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Miami, Florida}}

[[Category:Miami| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Miami-Dade Coonty, Florida]]
[[Category:Coonty seats in Florida]]
[[Category:Bermuda Triangle]]
[[Category:Port ceeties in Florida]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in Florida]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1896]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Unitit States Atlantic coast]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Florida]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Florida on the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Miami metropolitan aurie]]


{{Stub/USA}}</text>
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    <title>Burkina Faso</title>
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{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Burkina Faso
|image_flag = Flag of Burkina Faso.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg
|national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Unité–Progrès–Justice&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Unity–Progress–Juistice&quot;}}
|national_anthem = {{nowrap|{{native phrase|fr|[[Une Seule Nuit]] / Ditanyè|nolink=yes}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''Ane Single Nicht / Hime o Veectory''}}}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt; &lt;/center&gt;
|image_map = Location Burkina Faso AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=daurk blue |region=[[Africae]] |region_color=daurk gray |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=licht blue |legend=Location Burkina Faso AU Africa.svg}}
|capital = [[Ouagadougou]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|12|20|N|1|40|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|official_languages = [[French leid|French]]
|national_languages = [[Mòoré leid|Mòoré]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Fulani leid|Fulani]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Dioula leid|Dioula]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=André|first=Géraldine|date=2007-05-31|title=École, langues, cultures et développement|url=http://etudesafricaines.revues.org/6960?lang=en|journal=Cahiers d’études africaines|language=fr|volume=47|issue=186|pages=221–247|doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.6960|issn=0008-0055|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ethnic_groups =
 {{vunblist
 | 47.9% [[Mossi fowk|Mossi]]
 | 10.3% [[Fula fowk|Fula]]
 | 6.9% [[Lobi fowk|Lobi]]
 | 6.9% [[Bobo fowk|Bobo]]
 | 6.7% [[Mandé fowks|Mandé]]
 | 5.3% [[Senufo fowk|Senufo]]
 | 5.0% [[Gurunsi]]
 | 4.8% [[Gurma fowk|Gurma]]
 | 3.1% [[Tuareg fowk|Tuareg]]
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 1995
|demonym = {{hlist |Burkinabé |Burkinabè |Burkinabe}}
|government_type =[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = Preses
|leader_name1 = Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
| leader_title2          = MPSR Preses
| leader_name2           = Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
| leader_title3          = MPSR Vice Preses
| leader_name3           = Sidsoré Kader Ouédraogo
|leader_title4 = Prime Meenister
|leader_name4 = Albert Ouédraogo
|legislature = [[Naitional Assembly o Burkina Faso|Naitional Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
|established_event1 = frae [[Fraunce]]
|established_date1 = 5&amp;nbsp;August 1960
| area_km2               = 274,200
| area_rank              = 74th
| area_sq_mi             = 105,869 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water          = 0.146%
| population_estimate    = 21,510,181&lt;ref name=&quot;The World Factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso/|title=Archived copy&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2016-02-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title|date=16 November 2021|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=2021-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020045/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census      = 14,017,262
| population_estimate_year = 2020
| population_estimate_rank = 58th
| population_census_year = 2006
| population_density_km2 = 64
| population_density_sq_mi = 163,63 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 137th
| GDP_PPP                = $45.339&amp;nbsp;billion
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2020
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $2,207&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=88&amp;pr.y=8&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2024&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=748&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= | title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = $16.226&amp;nbsp;billion
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2020
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $792&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| Gini                   = 38.9 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2020
| Gini_change            = &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt; steady
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|title=Distribution of family income – Gini index|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=1 September 2009|archive-date=2007-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.452 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2019 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 182nd

|currency = [[Wast African CFA franc]]&lt;ref&gt;CFA Franc BCEAO. Codes: XOF / 952 [http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/table_a1.xml ISO 4217 currency names and code elements] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090907/http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/table_a1.xml |date=7 April 2014 }}. ISO.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency_code = XOF
|time_zone = [[GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
|utc_offset_DST = 
|time_zone_DST = 
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+226]]
|iso3166code = BF
|cctld = [[.bf]]
|footnotes = The data here is an estimation for the year 2005 produced by the International Monetary Fund in April 2005.
|religion = &lt;!-- See Religion section --&gt;
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
}}
[[File:BurkinaFaso Regions.png|thumb|Territorial Organization]]
[[File:Provinzen von Burkina Faso.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization 2]]
[[File:Gemeinden von Burkina Faso.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization 3]]
'''Burkina Faso''' ({{IPA-en|bərˌkiːnə ˈfɑːsoʊ||En-us-Burkina Faso.ogg}} {{respell|bər|KEE|nə}} {{respell|FAH|soh}}; {{IPA-fr|byʁkina faso|lang}}) –  an aa kent bi its short-form name '''Burkina''' – is a [[landlocked kintra]] in [[Wast Africae]]. It is surroondit bi sax kintras: [[Mali]] tae the north, [[Niger]] tae the east, [[Benin]] tae the sootheast, [[Togo]] an [[Ghana]] tae the sooth, an [[Côte d'Ivoire]] tae the soothwast.

Its size is 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) wi an estimatit population o mair nor 15,757,000. Umwhile cawed the '''Republic o Upper Volta''', [[Geographical renamin|it wis renamed]] on August 4, 1984, bi Preses [[Thomas Sankara]] tae mean &quot;the land o upricht fowk&quot; in [[Mòoré leid|Mòoré]] an [[Dioula leid|Dioula]], the major native leids o the kintra. Figuratively, &quot;Burkina&quot; mey be translatit, &quot;men o integrity,&quot; frae the Mòoré leid, an &quot;Faso&quot; means &quot;faither's hoose&quot; in Dioula. The inhabitants o Burkina Faso are kent as ''Burkinabè'' ({{pronEng|bərˈkiːnəbeɪ}} {{respell|bər|KEE|nə-bay}}).

Burkina Faso wis populatit early, atween 14,000 an 5000 BC, bi [[hunter-gatherer]]s in the northwastren pairt o the kintra. Settlements wi farmers appeared atween 3600 an 2600 BC. The central pairt o Burkina Faso includit a number o [[Mossi]] kinricks, which became a French protectorate in 1896. Efter gainin independence frae [[Fraunce]] in 1960, the kintra unnerwent mony governmental chynges till arrivin at its current form, a [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]. The current preses is [[Blaise Compaoré]].

Burkina Faso's caipital is [[Ouagadougou]]. It is a member o the [[African Union]], [[Community o Sahel-Saharan States]], 
[[La Francophonie]], [[Organization o the Islamic Conference]] an [[Economic Community o Wast African States]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Burkina Faso| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Economic Community o Wast African States]]
[[Category:Landlocked kintras]]
[[Category:Least Developed Kintras]]
[[Category:French-speakin kintras]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:History o Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:French Wast Africae]]
[[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1960]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
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{{Infobox kintra
|conventional_long_name = Burkina Faso
|image_flag = Flag of Burkina Faso.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg
|national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Unité–Progrès–Justice&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Unity–Progress–Juistice&quot;}}
|national_anthem = {{nowrap|{{native phrase|fr|[[Une Seule Nuit]] / Ditanyè|nolink=yes}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''Ane Single Nicht / Hime o Veectory''}}}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt; &lt;/center&gt;
|image_map = Location Burkina Faso AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=daurk blue |region=[[Africae]] |region_color=daurk gray |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=licht blue |legend=Location Burkina Faso AU Africa.svg}}
|capital = [[Ouagadougou]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|12|20|N|1|40|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|official_languages = [[French leid|French]]
|national_languages = [[Mòoré leid|Mòoré]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Fulani leid|Fulani]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Dioula leid|Dioula]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=André|first=Géraldine|date=2007-05-31|title=École, langues, cultures et développement|url=http://etudesafricaines.revues.org/6960?lang=en|journal=Cahiers d’études africaines|language=fr|volume=47|issue=186|pages=221–247|doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.6960|issn=0008-0055|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ethnic_groups =
 {{vunblist
 | 47.9% [[Mossi fowk|Mossi]]
 | 10.3% [[Fula fowk|Fula]]
 | 6.9% [[Lobi fowk|Lobi]]
 | 6.9% [[Bobo fowk|Bobo]]
 | 6.7% [[Mandé fowks|Mandé]]
 | 5.3% [[Senufo fowk|Senufo]]
 | 5.0% [[Gurunsi]]
 | 4.8% [[Gurma fowk|Gurma]]
 | 3.1% [[Tuareg fowk|Tuareg]]
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 1995
|demonym = {{hlist |Burkinabé |Burkinabè |Burkinabe}}
|government_type =[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = Preses
|leader_name1 = Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
| leader_title2          = MPSR Preses
| leader_name2           = Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
| leader_title3          = MPSR Vice Preses
| leader_name3           = Sidsoré Kader Ouédraogo
|leader_title4 = Prime Meenister
|leader_name4 = Albert Ouédraogo
|legislature = [[Naitional Assembly o Burkina Faso|Naitional Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
|established_event1 = frae [[Fraunce]]
|established_date1 = 5&amp;nbsp;August 1960
| area_km2               = 274,200
| area_rank              = 74th
| area_sq_mi             = 105,869 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water          = 0.146%
| population_estimate    = 21,510,181&lt;ref name=&quot;The World Factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso/|title=Archived copy&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2016-02-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title|date=16 November 2021|access-date=2021-12-16|archive-date=2021-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020045/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census      = 14,017,262
| population_estimate_year = 2020
| population_estimate_rank = 58th
| population_census_year = 2006
| population_density_km2 = 64
| population_density_sq_mi = 163,63 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 137th
| GDP_PPP                = $45.339&amp;nbsp;billion
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2020
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $2,207&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=88&amp;pr.y=8&amp;sy=2019&amp;ey=2024&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=748&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= | title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal            = $16.226&amp;nbsp;billion
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2020
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $792&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;/&gt;
| Gini                   = 38.9 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2020
| Gini_change            = &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt; steady
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|title=Distribution of family income – Gini index|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=1 September 2009|archive-date=2007-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.452 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2019 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 182nd

|currency = [[Wast African CFA franc]]&lt;ref&gt;CFA Franc BCEAO. Codes: XOF / 952 [http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/table_a1.xml ISO 4217 currency names and code elements] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090907/http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/table_a1.xml |date=7 April 2014 }}. ISO.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency_code = XOF
|time_zone = [[GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
|utc_offset_DST = 
|time_zone_DST = 
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+226]]
|iso3166code = BF
|cctld = [[.bf]]
|footnotes = The data here is an estimation for the year 2005 produced by the International Monetary Fund in April 2005.
|religion = &lt;!-- See Religion section --&gt;
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
}}
[[File:BurkinaFaso Regions.png|thumb|Territorial Organization]]
[[File:Provinzen von Burkina Faso.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization 2]]
[[File:Gemeinden von Burkina Faso.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization 3]]
'''Burkina Faso''' ({{IPA-en|bərˌkiːnə ˈfɑːsoʊ||En-us-Burkina Faso.ogg}} {{respell|bər|KEE|nə}} {{respell|FAH|soh}}; {{IPA-fr|byʁkina faso|lang}}) –  an aa kent bi its short-form name '''Burkina''' – is a [[landlocked kintra]] in [[Wast Africae]]. It is surroondit bi sax kintras: [[Mali]] tae the north, [[Niger]] tae the east, [[Benin]] tae the sootheast, [[Togo]] an [[Ghana]] tae the sooth, an [[Côte d'Ivoire]] tae the soothwast.

Its size is 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) wi an estimatit population o mair nor 15,757,000. Umwhile cawed the '''Republic o Upper Volta''', [[Geographical renamin|it wis renamed]] on August 4, 1984, bi Preses [[Thomas Sankara]] tae mean &quot;the land o upricht fowk&quot; in [[Mòoré leid|Mòoré]] an [[Dioula leid|Dioula]], the major native leids o the kintra. Figuratively, &quot;Burkina&quot; mey be translatit, &quot;men o integrity,&quot; frae the Mòoré leid, an &quot;Faso&quot; means &quot;faither's hoose&quot; in Dioula. The inhabitants o Burkina Faso are kent as ''Burkinabè'' ({{pronEng|bərˈkiːnəbeɪ}} {{respell|bər|KEE|nə-bay}}).

Burkina Faso wis populatit early, atween 14,000 an 5000 BC, bi [[hunter-gatherer]]s in the northwastren pairt o the kintra. Settlements wi farmers appeared atween 3600 an 2600 BC. The central pairt o Burkina Faso includit a number o [[Mossi]] kinricks, which became a French protectorate in 1896. Efter gainin independence frae [[Fraunce]] in 1960, the kintra unnerwent mony governmental chynges till arrivin at its current form, a [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]. The current preses is [[Blaise Compaoré]].

Burkina Faso's caipital is [[Ouagadougou]]. It is a member o the [[African Union]], [[Community o Sahel-Saharan States]], 
[[La Francophonie]], [[Organization o the Islamic Conference]] an [[Economic Community o Wast African States]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Burkina Faso| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Economic Community o Wast African States]]
[[Category:Landlocked kintras]]
[[Category:Least Developed Kintras]]
[[Category:French-speakin kintras]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:History o Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:French Wast Africae]]
[[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1960]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Suwon</title>
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      <text bytes="7585" sha1="kg1bxa3ols5qghesqnik4d44sk2mx7u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = {{raise|0.1em|Suwon}}
| native_name             = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|수원시}}}}
| native_name_lang        = ko
| settlement_type         = [[Leet o ceeties in Sooth Korea|Municipal Ceety]]
| translit_lang1          = Korean
| translit_lang1_type1    = Hangul
| translit_lang1_info1    = {{linktext|수|원|시}}
| translit_lang1_type2    = Hanja
| translit_lang1_info2    = {{linktext|水|原|市}}
| translit_lang1_type3    = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}}
| translit_lang1_info3    = Suwon-si
| translit_lang1_type4    = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}}
| translit_lang1_info4    = Suwŏn-si
| image_skyline           = Hwaseong Third North Secret Gate and Dongbuk Gangnu - 2009-03-01.JPG
| imagesize               = 
| image_caption           = [[Hwaseong Fortress]] an the skyline o Suwon
| image_flag              = 
| flag_size               =
| image_seal              =
| seal_size               =
| image_shield            =
| shield_size             =
| image_map               = Gyeonggi-Suwon.svg
| mapsize                 = 
| map_caption             = Location in Sooth Korea
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Sooth Korea}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]]
| population_blank1_title = Denonym
| population_blank1       = 수원시민(Suwon simin)
| population_blank2_title = Dialect
| population_blank2       = [[Seoul dialect|Seoul]]
| area_total_km2          = 121.1
| population_as_of        = 30 September 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://stat.suwon.go.kr/sub/present/Population.asp |title=Suwon City Website |access-date=2014-07-15 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210029/https://stat.suwon.go.kr/sub/present/Population.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 1170878
| population_density_km2  = 8975.2
| parts_type              = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|Admeenistrative diveesions]]
| parts                   = 4 gu, 42 dong
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =[[Mayor–cooncil government|Mayor-Cooncil]]
|leader_party            = [[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Yeom Tae-Young
|leader_title1 = Cooncil
|leader_name1 = [[Suwon Ceety Cooncil]]
|leader_title2 = Members o the [[Gyeonggi Provincial Cooncil]]&lt;!-- Romanizations are as found on http://www.ggc.go.kr/Eng/menu03.jsp --&gt;
|leader_name2 ={{Collapsible list
|title = List
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1=Kim Jae Gui&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;1st Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|2=Kim Ju Seong&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;2nt Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|3=Kim Sang Hoi&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;3rd Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|4=Park Dong Hyeon&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;4t Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|5=Lee Seung Cheol&lt;br /&gt;([[Saenuri Pairty|Saenuri]]))&lt;br /&gt;5t Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|6=Kim Ho Kyum&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;6t Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|7=Oh Wan Seok&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;7t Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
|8=An Hye Young&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;8t Electoral Destrict, Suwon Ceety
}}
|leader_title3=Members o the [[Naitional Assembly o Sooth Korea|Naitional Assembly]]&lt;!-- Please do not update this list for the 19th National Assembly until they are officially sworn in. Romanization as found on http://www.assembly.go.kr --&gt;
|leader_name3=Chung Mi-Kyung&lt;br /&gt;([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Gwonseon-gu]] District&lt;br /&gt;Lee Chan-Yeol&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Jangan-gu]] Destrict&lt;br /&gt;Nam Kyung-Pil&lt;br /&gt;([[Saenuri Pairty|Saenuri]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Paldal-gu]] Destrict&lt;br /&gt;Kim Jin-Pyo&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Yeongtong-gu]] Destrict
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title1     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date1      =
|established_title2     = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =
|established_date3      =
|founder                =
|named_for              =
| coordinates             = {{coord|37|16|N|127|01|E|region:KR|display=inline}}
| image_blank_emblem      =
| blank_emblem_type       = Emblem of Suwon
|blank_name             =Flower
|blank_info             = [[Azalea]]
|blank1_name            =Tree
|blank1_info            = [[Pine]]
|blank2_name            =Bird
|blank2_info            = [[Heron|White Heron]]
}}

'''Suwon''' (''Suwon-si''; {{IPA-ko|suwʌn}}) is the provincial caipital o [[Gyeonggi-do]], [[Sooth Korea]]. A major ceety o ower a million inhabitants, Suwon lies approximately 30 [[kilometre]]s (20 mile) sooth o [[Seoul]]. It is tradeetionally kent as &quot;The Ceety o Filial Piety&quot;.

Suwon haes existit in various fuirms throuoot [[History o Korea|Korea's history]], growin frae a smaw dounset in tribal times tae a major industrial an cultural ceety the day. Suwon is the ae remainin completely [[wawed ceety]] in Sooth Korea. As such, the ceety walls are ane o the mair popular tourist destinations in [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]] Province. As an industrial centre, Suwon hooses a muckle [[Samsung Electronics]] factory. Suwon is servit bi twa motorweys, the [[Transportation in Sooth Korea#Railways|naitional railwey netwirk]] an the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]], facilitatin transport o commuters, tourists an guids alike.

Suwon is a major educational centre, bein hame tae 14 varsity campuses. This, alang wi widespread transport links, draws inhabitants frae athort the kintra an foreign population o 1.85%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suwon Statistics&quot;&gt;[http://stat.suwon.ne.kr 수원시통계&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130064822/http://stat.suwon.ne.kr/ |date=2011-01-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Suwon is kent domestically as a fitbawin ceety. [[Suwon Samsung Bluewings]] Fitbaw Club haes wan the [[K League]] on fower occasions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suwon FC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kleaguei.com/|title=K-Leaguei|work=K-League|accessdate=2008-02-10|archive-date=2010-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430120949/http://www.kleaguei.com/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sister ceeties ==
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Curitiba]], Brazil (2006)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Nizhny Novgorod]], Roushie (2005)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Asahikawa]], Japan (1989)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Fukui Ceety]], [[Fukui]], Japan (2001)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Jinan]], Cheenae (1993)
* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Townsville]], Australie (1997)
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bandung]], [[Indonesie]] (1997)
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Cluj-Napoca]], Romanie (1999)
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Toluca]], Mexico (1999)
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Yalova]], [[Turkey]] (1999)
* {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fes]], [[Morocco]] (2003)
* {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hải Dương Province]], [[Vietnam]] (2004)
* {{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Siem Reap Province]], [[Cambodie]] (2004)
* {{flagicon|India}} [[Hyderabad]], Indie (2005)

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Suwon, Gyeonggi-do}}

[[Category:Suwon| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Gyeonggi-do]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Incheon</title>
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      <text bytes="9487" sha1="svzruk07nx3exnyxh2c6mqbj4msbbyh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|name                   =Incheon  &lt;!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --&gt;
|official_name          =
|other_name             = 仁川
|native_name            = 인천
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        =Metropolitan Ceety
|total_type             = &lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;
|motto                  =
|translit_lang1= Korean name
|translit_lang1_type=[[Hangul]]
|translit_lang1_info=인천광역시
|translit_lang1_type1=[[Hanja]]
|translit_lang1_info1=仁川廣域市
|translit_lang1_type2=[[Revised Romanization o Korean|Revised&amp;nbsp;Romanization]]
|translit_lang1_info2= Incheon Gwang-yeoksi
|translit_lang1_type3=McCune-Reischauer
|translit_lang1_info3=Inch'ŏn Kwang'yŏkshi
|translit_lang2=Korean name short form
|translit_lang2_type=Hangul
|translit_lang2_info=인천
|translit_lang2_type1=Revised&amp;nbsp;Romanization
|translit_lang2_info1=Incheon
|translit_lang2_type2=McCune-Reischauer
|translit_lang2_info2=Inch'ŏn

&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          ={{Photomontage
| photo1a ={{!}}Incheon Internaitional Airport
| photo1b = 인천도호부청사 아문.jpg{{!}}Nam-gu
| photo2b = Incheon Soccer Stadium 2.JPG{{!}}Incheon Fitbaw Stadium
| photo2a = Incheon-port.jpg{{!}}Incheon Port
| size = 270
| position = center
| spacing = 2
| color = transparent
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Clockwise frae top: [[Incheon Internaitional Airport]], [[Nam Destrict, Incheon|Nam Destrict]], [[Incheon Fitbaw Stadium]], Incheon Port
}}
| image_flag           =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =Emblem of Incheon
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              = South Korea-Incheon.svg
|map_caption            = Map o [[Sooth Korea]] wi Incheon heichlichtit
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Sooth Korea]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o Korea|Region]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]]

 &lt;!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --&gt;
|seat_type              =
|seat                   =
|parts_type             =[[#Admeenistrative diveesions|Subdiveesions]]
|parts_style            = &lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;
|parts                  = &lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
|p1  ='''8 destricts (&quot;gu&quot;)'''
|p2 = {{nowrap|[[Bupyeong-gu, Incheon|Bupyeong-gu]] (부평구; 富平區)}}
|p3={{nowrap|[[Gyeyang-gu, Incheon|Gyeyang-gu]] (계양구; 桂陽區)}}
|p4={{nowrap|[[Jung-gu, Incheon|Jung-gu]] (중구; 中區)}}
|p5={{nowrap|[[Nam-gu, Incheon|Nam-gu]] (남구; 南區)}}
|p6={{nowrap|[[Namdong-gu, Incheon|Namdong-gu]] (남동구; 南洞區)}}
|p7={{nowrap|[[Seo-gu, Incheon|Seo-gu]] (서구; 西區)}}
|p8={{nowrap|[[Yeonsu-gu, Incheon|Yeonsu-gu]] (연수구; 延壽區)}}
|p9=&amp;nbsp;
|p10='''2 coonties (&quot;gun&quot;)'''
|p11 ={{nowrap|[[Ganghwa Coonty|Ganghwa-gun]] (강화군; 江華郡)}}
|p12= {{nowrap|[[Ongjin Coonty, Incheon|Ongjin-gun]] (옹진군; 甕津郡)}}
&lt;!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =[[Ceeties o Sooth Korea|Metropolitan Ceety]]
|leader_title           =Mayor
|leader_name            =Song Young-gil  &lt;!--add   (no-break space) to leader names to disable automatic links--&gt;
|leader_title1          =Cooncil&amp;nbsp;Chairman
|leader_name1           =Ryu Su-yong
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1883 as Chemulpo
|founder                =
|named_for              =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = &lt;!-- use only to set a special wikilink --&gt;
|unit_pref                = &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           =1029.43 &lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_total_sq_mi         =

&lt;!-- Elevation --------------------------&gt;
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
|elevation_max_m            =
|elevation_max_ft           =
|elevation_min_m            =
|elevation_min_ft           =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2011
|population_footnotes           =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_888.cgi?ID=DT_1IN0001&amp;IDTYPE=3&amp;A_LANG=2&amp;FPUB=4&amp;SELITEM=0 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2007-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220223855/http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_888.cgi?ID=DT_1IN0001&amp;IDTYPE=3&amp;A_LANG=2&amp;FPUB=4&amp;SELITEM=0 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 2,710,579
|population_density_km2         = auto &lt;!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi       =

&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               =Korea Staundart Time
|utc_offset             =+9
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
| coor_type             = &lt;!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --&gt;
|coordinates            = {{coord|37|29|N|126|38|E|region:KR|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =[[Dialects o Korean|Dialect]]
|blank_info             =[[Seoul Dialect|Seoul]]
|blank1_name            =Flouer
|blank1_info            =[[Rose]]
|blank2_name            =Tree
|blank2_info            = [[Liriodendron|Tulip tree]]
|blank3_name            =Bird
|blank3_info            = [[Crane (bird)|Crane]]
|blank4_name            =
|blank4_info            =
|blank5_name            =
|blank5_info            =
|website                = [http://english.incheon.go.kr/ incheon.go.kr] {{En icon}}
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Incheon''' ({{IPA-ko|in.tɕʰʌn}}), offeecially the '''Incheon Metropolitan Ceety''', is [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]]'s third lairgest metropolis, efter [[Seoul]] an [[Busan]]. As the lairgest [[seaport]] on the wast coast an hame tae the kintra's lairgest airport, [[Incheon Internaitional Airport]], Incheon is Sooth Korea's maist important [[transport hub]]. In the 21st century, Incheon haes transformed intae a global [[business]] hub centred aroond the [[high-tech]] an futuristic [[Songdo International Business District|Songdo Internaitional Ceety]], which is hame tae Sooth Korea's tawest biggin, the 305m [[supertall]] [[Northeast Asie Trade Touer]].

Human dounset at the location goes back tae the [[Jeulmun pottery period|Neolithic]]. In modren times Incheon became important acause its location on an [[estuary]] made it a guid harbor; when the port wis foondit in 1883, the ceety,  cawed '''Jemulpo''' at the time ([[hangul]]: {{lang|ko|제물포}}, [[hanja]]: {{lang|ko-Hant|濟物浦}}), haed a population o ae 4,700. Incheon is nou hame tae ower 2.5&amp;nbsp;million fowk an unner the control o ane o the twa free economic zone authorities in Korea, aimed at attractin foreign investment; the ceety aims tae turn itsel intae a financial an corporate hub alang wi the [[Busan]]-[[Jinhae]] Free Economic Zone Authority.

Incheon is regardit as pairt o the greater [[Seoul metropolitan aurie]] due tae pairt o it borderin the caipital, an the fact that the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] an the [[Incheon Subway]] seestems are linked. Incheon is, housomeivver, a major ceety in its awn richt an is a separate jurisdiction frae Seoul.

== Sister ceeties ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.incheon.go.kr/icweb/html/web39/039001006001.html |title=Incheon Metropolitan City |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2013-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009084051/http://www.incheon.go.kr/icweb/html/web39/039001006001.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Burbank, Californie]] (1961)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]] (1983)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Anchorage, Alaska]] (1986)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kitakyushu]] (1988)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Tianjin]] (1993)
* {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hai Phong]], [[Vietnam]] (1997)
* {{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama Ceety]], [[Panama]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Alexandria]], [[Egyp]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] (2003)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing]] (2007)
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]], [[Mexico]] (2007)
* {{flagicon|India}} [[Kolkata]], [[Indie]] (2007)
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] (2008)
* {{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Phnom Penh]], [[Cambodie]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Roushie]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Banten]], [[Indonesie]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe]] (2010)
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Veneto]], [[Italy]] (2010)
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] (2011)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladivostok]], [[Roushie]] (2012)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Special Ceeties an Metropolitan Ceeties o Sooth Korea]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921756</id>
      <parentid>921627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:03:00Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7110" sha1="tgwi8yq5av79jzeci9em6ougpjv3sfp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   =Incheon  
|other_name             = 仁川
|native_name            = 인천
|settlement_type        =Metropolitan Ceety
|translit_lang1= Korean name
|translit_lang1_type=[[Hangul]]
|translit_lang1_info=인천광역시
|translit_lang1_type1=[[Hanja]]
|translit_lang1_info1=仁川廣域市
|translit_lang1_type2=[[Revised Romanization o Korean|Revised&amp;nbsp;Romanization]]
|translit_lang1_info2= Incheon Gwang-yeoksi
|translit_lang1_type3=McCune-Reischauer
|translit_lang1_info3=Inch'ŏn Kwang'yŏkshi
|translit_lang2=Korean name short form
|translit_lang2_type=Hangul
|translit_lang2_info=인천
|translit_lang2_type1=Revised&amp;nbsp;Romanization
|translit_lang2_info1=Incheon
|translit_lang2_type2=McCune-Reischauer
|translit_lang2_info2=Inch'ŏn
|image_skyline          ={{Photomontage
| photo1a ={{!}}Incheon Internaitional Airport
| photo1b = 인천도호부청사 아문.jpg{{!}}Nam-gu
| photo2b = Incheon Soccer Stadium 2.JPG{{!}}Incheon Fitbaw Stadium
| photo2a = Incheon-port.jpg{{!}}Incheon Port
| size = 270
| position = center
| spacing = 2
| color = transparent
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Clockwise frae top: [[Incheon Internaitional Airport]], [[Nam Destrict, Incheon|Nam Destrict]], [[Incheon Fitbaw Stadium]], Incheon Port
}}
|blank_emblem_type      =Emblem of Incheon
|image_map              = South Korea-Incheon.svg
|map_caption            = Map o [[Sooth Korea]] wi Incheon heichlichtit
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Sooth Korea]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o Korea|Region]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]]
|parts_type             =[[#Admeenistrative diveesions|Subdiveesions]]
|p1  ='''8 destricts (&quot;gu&quot;)'''
|p2 = {{nowrap|[[Bupyeong-gu, Incheon|Bupyeong-gu]] (부평구; 富平區)}}
|p3={{nowrap|[[Gyeyang-gu, Incheon|Gyeyang-gu]] (계양구; 桂陽區)}}
|p4={{nowrap|[[Jung-gu, Incheon|Jung-gu]] (중구; 中區)}}
|p5={{nowrap|[[Nam-gu, Incheon|Nam-gu]] (남구; 南區)}}
|p6={{nowrap|[[Namdong-gu, Incheon|Namdong-gu]] (남동구; 南洞區)}}
|p7={{nowrap|[[Seo-gu, Incheon|Seo-gu]] (서구; 西區)}}
|p8={{nowrap|[[Yeonsu-gu, Incheon|Yeonsu-gu]] (연수구; 延壽區)}}
|p9=&amp;nbsp;
|p10='''2 coonties (&quot;gun&quot;)'''
|p11 ={{nowrap|[[Ganghwa Coonty|Ganghwa-gun]] (강화군; 江華郡)}}
|p12= {{nowrap|[[Ongjin Coonty, Incheon|Ongjin-gun]] (옹진군; 甕津郡)}}
|government_type        =[[Ceeties o Sooth Korea|Metropolitan Ceety]]
|leader_title           =Mayor
|leader_name            =Song Young-gil
|leader_title1          =Cooncil&amp;nbsp;Chairman
|leader_name1           =Ryu Su-yong
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1883 as Chemulpo
|area_total_km2           =1029.43
|population_as_of               = 2011
|population_footnotes           =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_888.cgi?ID=DT_1IN0001&amp;IDTYPE=3&amp;A_LANG=2&amp;FPUB=4&amp;SELITEM=0 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2007-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220223855/http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_888.cgi?ID=DT_1IN0001&amp;IDTYPE=3&amp;A_LANG=2&amp;FPUB=4&amp;SELITEM=0 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total               = 2,710,579
|population_density_km2         = auto 
|timezone               =Korea Staundart Time
|utc_offset             =+9
|coordinates            = {{coord|37|29|N|126|38|E|region:KR|display=inline}}
|blank_name             =[[Dialects o Korean|Dialect]]
|blank_info             =[[Seoul Dialect|Seoul]]
|blank1_name            =Flouer
|blank1_info            =[[Rose]]
|blank2_name            =Tree
|blank2_info            = [[Liriodendron|Tulip tree]]
|blank3_name            =Bird
|blank3_info            = [[Crane (bird)|Crane]]
|website                = [http://english.incheon.go.kr/ incheon.go.kr] {{En icon}}
}}

'''Incheon''' ({{IPA-ko|in.tɕʰʌn}}), offeecially the '''Incheon Metropolitan Ceety''', is [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]]'s third lairgest metropolis, efter [[Seoul]] an [[Busan]]. As the lairgest [[seaport]] on the wast coast an hame tae the kintra's lairgest airport, [[Incheon Internaitional Airport]], Incheon is Sooth Korea's maist important [[transport hub]]. In the 21st century, Incheon haes transformed intae a global [[business]] hub centred aroond the [[high-tech]] an futuristic [[Songdo International Business District|Songdo Internaitional Ceety]], which is hame tae Sooth Korea's tawest biggin, the 305m [[supertall]] [[Northeast Asie Trade Touer]].

Human dounset at the location goes back tae the [[Jeulmun pottery period|Neolithic]]. In modren times Incheon became important acause its location on an [[estuary]] made it a guid harbor; when the port wis foondit in 1883, the ceety,  cawed '''Jemulpo''' at the time ([[hangul]]: {{lang|ko|제물포}}, [[hanja]]: {{lang|ko-Hant|濟物浦}}), haed a population o ae 4,700. Incheon is nou hame tae ower 2.5&amp;nbsp;million fowk an unner the control o ane o the twa free economic zone authorities in Korea, aimed at attractin foreign investment; the ceety aims tae turn itsel intae a financial an corporate hub alang wi the [[Busan]]-[[Jinhae]] Free Economic Zone Authority.

Incheon is regardit as pairt o the greater [[Seoul metropolitan aurie]] due tae pairt o it borderin the caipital, an the fact that the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] an the [[Incheon Subway]] seestems are linked. Incheon is, housomeivver, a major ceety in its awn richt an is a separate jurisdiction frae Seoul.

== Sister ceeties ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.incheon.go.kr/icweb/html/web39/039001006001.html |title=Incheon Metropolitan City |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2013-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009084051/http://www.incheon.go.kr/icweb/html/web39/039001006001.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Burbank, Californie]] (1961)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]] (1983)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Anchorage, Alaska]] (1986)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kitakyushu]] (1988)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Tianjin]] (1993)
* {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hai Phong]], [[Vietnam]] (1997)
* {{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama Ceety]], [[Panama]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Alexandria]], [[Egyp]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] (2003)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing]] (2007)
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]], [[Mexico]] (2007)
* {{flagicon|India}} [[Kolkata]], [[Indie]] (2007)
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] (2008)
* {{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Phnom Penh]], [[Cambodie]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Roushie]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Banten]], [[Indonesie]] (2009)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe]] (2010)
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Veneto]], [[Italy]] (2010)
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] (2011)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladivostok]], [[Roushie]] (2012)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Special Ceeties an Metropolitan Ceeties o Sooth Korea]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Botswana pula</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921488</id>
      <parentid>895145</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:10:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cobra 3000</username>
        <id>28371</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pit in Infobox an tags</comment>
      <origin>921488</origin>
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      <text bytes="2211" sha1="e5irw5gunc4fgchkw0x8o7yhnp9a97c" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Currency o Botswana}}{{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox currency|image_1=|image_2=|image_title_1=|image_title_2=|iso_code=BWP|subunit_ratio_1={{frac|100}}|subunit_name_1=thebe|unit=pula|symbol=P|used_banknotes=10, 20, 50, 100, 200 pula|used_coins=5, 10, 25, 50 thebe, 1, 2, 5 pula|using_countries={{flag|Botswana}}|unofficial_users={{flag|Zimbabwe}}|issuing_authority=Bank of Botswana|issuing_authority_website={{URL|www.bankofbotswana.bw}} {{en}}|inflation_rate=2.50% (Apryle 2020)|inflation_source_date=[https://www.bankofbotswana.bw Bank o Botswana], 7 Julie 2016|inflation_method=Consumer price index (CPI)|date_of_introduction=23 August 1976}}The '''pula''' is the [[currency]] o [[Botswana]]. It haes the [[ISO 4217]] code ''BWP'' an is subdividit intae 100 ''thebe''. Pula literally means &quot;rain&quot; in Setswana, acause [[rain]] is vera scarce in Botswana - hame tae muckle o the [[Kalahari Desert]] - an therefore valuable. Pula an aa means &quot;blessing&quot; as rain is considered a blessing. Thebe means &quot;shield&quot;. 

==History==
The pula wis introduced in 1976, replacin the Sooth African rand at par. Despite a 12% devaluation in Mey 2005, the pula remains ane o the strangest currencies in Africae.

==Coins==

In 1976, coins wur introduced in denominations o 1, 5, 10, 25 an 50 thebe an 1 pula. The 1 thebe wis struck in aluminium, wi the 5 thebe in bronze an the ithers in cupro-nickel. These coins were round except for the scalloped 1 pula. Bronze, [[dodecagon]]al 2 thebe coins wur introduced in 1981, but discontinued efter 1985. In 1991, bronze-platit steel replaced bronze in the 5 thebe, nickel-platit steel replaced cupro-nickel in the 10, 25 an 50 thebe an the 1 pula chynged tae a smawer, nickel-brass, [[equilateral curve|equilateral-curve]] seiven-sidit coin. A similarly shapit, nickel-brass 2 pula wis introduced in 1994. In 1998, follaeinthe athdrawal o the 1 an 2 thebe, smawer 5, 10, 25 an 50 thebe coins wur introduced, wi the 5 an 25 thebe coins being seiven-sidit an the 10 an 50 thebe coins remainin roond. A bimetallic 5 pula wis introduced in 2000 composed o a cupronickel center in a brass ring.
{{Stub/Currency}}{{Commonscat|Money of Botswana}}

[[Category:Economy o Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>The Bahamas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921605</id>
      <parentid>876198</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:55:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921605</origin>
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      <text bytes="8229" sha1="1wsd32l0dkp4l5xub2qk2w0yv2xx7nb" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|24|15|N|76|00|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Commonweel o the Bahamas
| common_name = The Bahamas
| image_flag = Flag of the Bahamas.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg
| national_motto = &quot;Forward, Upward, Onward, Together&quot;
| national_anthem = ''March On, Bahamaland''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of the Bahamas.oga]]&lt;/center&gt;
| royal_anthem = ''[[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga|God Save the King]]
| image_map = LocationBahamas.svg
| capital = [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|4|N|77|20|W|type:city}}
| largest_city = caipital
| official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]&lt;!---NOTE: Just English, don't add &quot;Bahamian English&quot;---&gt;
| regional_languages = [[Bahamian Creole]]{{ref label|bahfactobox|a|}}
| ethnic_groups = 90.6% [[Afro-Bahamian|African]]&lt;br /&gt;4.7% [[Demografics o the Bahamas#Ethnic groups|European]]&lt;br /&gt;2.1% [[Multiracial|Mixed]]&lt;br /&gt;1.9% ither&lt;ref name=&quot;cia.gov&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html Bahamas, The] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402000413/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html |date=2010-04-02 }}. CIA World Factbook.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;statistics&quot;&gt;[http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/095261300.pdf Bahamas Department of Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209035543/http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/095261300.pdf |date=2015-12-09 }}, PDF document retrieved 20 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year = 2016
| demonym = [[Bahamians|Bahamian]]
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[constitutional monarchy]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A12&quot;&gt;{{cite web |first= |last= |title=•GENERAL SITUATION AND TRENDS |work=[[Pan American Health Organization]] |url=http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_044.htm |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030536/http://www1.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_044.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A13&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Mission to Long Island in the Bahamas |work=Evangelical Association of the Caribbean |url=http://www.caribbeanevangelical.org/newsevents/oldarticles.htm?id=82 |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083539/http://www.caribbeanevangelical.org/newsevents/oldarticles.htm?id=82 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--(end nowrap:)--&gt;}}
| leader_title1 = Monarch
| leader_name1 = [[Charles III]]
| leader_title2 = {{nowrap|Govrenor-General}}
| leader_name2 = Cornelius A. Smith
| leader_title3 = Prime Meenister
| leader_name3 = Philip Davis
| legislature = [Pairlament
| upper_house = Senate
| lower_house = Hoose o Assemmly
| sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
| established_event1 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| established_date1 = 10 Julie 1973&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_Bahamas&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=9 July 1973 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/9/newsid_2498000/2498835.stm |title=1973: Bahamas' sun sets on British Empire |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=1 May 2009 |last= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_km2 = 13,878
| area_rank = 155th &lt;!-- Should match the list it links to--&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 5358 &lt;!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 28%
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bahamas}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 351,461
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 177t
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_density_km2 = 25.21
| population_density_sq_mi = 63.5 &lt;!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 181st
| GDP_PPP = $9.374 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=313&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=73&amp;pr.y=10 |title=The Bahamas |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,173&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $9.172 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,630&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| Gini = 57
| Gini_year = 2001
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;blcs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bahamas Living Conditions Survey 2001 |url=http://www.centralbankbahamas.com/download/BLCS%202001%20poverty.pdf#page=4 |publisher=Department of Statistics |accessdate=4 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.790 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2014 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report Summary |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 55th
| currency = Bahamian  dollar (BSD)&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|([[Unitit States dollar|US dollars]] widely accepted)}}
| country_code = BAH
| time_zone = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = −5
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| time_zone_DST = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
| drives_on = caur
| calling_code = [[Aurie code 242|+1 242]]
| iso3166code = BS
| cctld = .bs
| footnote_a = {{note|bahoffbox}}An aa referred tae as ''Bahamian dialect'' or ''Bahamianese''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BS/languages Ethnologue - Bahamas: Languages (18th ed.)]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
[[File:Districts of the Bahamas.png|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''The Bahamas''' ({{pron-en|ðə bəˈhɑːməz|En-us-Bahamas.ogg}}), offeecially the '''Commonweel o the Bahamas''', is a kintra consistin o 29 [[island]]s, 661 [[cay]]s, an 2,387 [[islet]]s (rocks).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Home - Office of the Prime Minister|url=https://opm.gov.bs/|access-date=2022-09-07|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cat Island, Bahamas|url=https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Collections/EarthObservatory/articles/Cat_Island_Bahamas.htm|access-date=2022-09-07|website=eol.jsc.nasa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is locatit in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] north o [[Cuba]] an [[Hispaniola]] ([[Dominican Republic]] an [[Haiti]]), northwast o the [[Turks an Caicos Islands]], an sootheast o the [[Unitit States]] (nearest tae the state o [[Florida]]). Its total land aurie is 13,939 km2 (5,382 sq mi), wi an estimatit population o 330,000. Its caipital is [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola an the Turks an Caicos Islands; the designation o Bahamas refers normally tae the commonweel an no the geographic chain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101219008|title=The Commonwealth yearbook.|publisher=Hanson Cooke Ltd for the Commonwealth Secretariat|others=Commonwealth Secretariat|isbn=978-1-908609-19-9|location=London|chapter=Bahamas: the country profile|oclc=1101219008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gallarie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Bahamas.A2001138.1550.250m.jpg|The Bahamas
File:Bahamas Parliament.jpg
File:COB New Northern Bahamas Campus.JPG
File:Tommy Robinson National Stadium.jpg
File:The Hermitage, Cat Island, Bahamas.jpg
File:National Art Gallery of the Bahamas.agr.jpg
File:Winslow Homer - After the Hurricane, Bahamas - Google Art Project.jpg
File:Junkanoo Festival, Nassau 2.jpg|Junkanoo
File:Port de freeport.jpg
File:Hopetown-lighthouse.jpg
File:Bat colony (Hatchet Bay Cave, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas) 1 (8318328798).jpg
File:Frenchcloisters.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Bahamas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahamas}}
[[Category:Bahamas| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Island kintras]]
[[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1647]]
[[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Constitutional monarchies]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1973]]

{{Stub/Carib}}</text>
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      <text bytes="8228" sha1="3hnplzp1gh8y031b45p1upilz8gp7k5" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|24|15|N|76|00|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox kintra
| conventional_long_name = Commonweel o the Bahamas
| common_name = The Bahamas
| image_flag = Flag of the Bahamas.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg
| national_motto = &quot;Forward, Upward, Onward, Together&quot;
| national_anthem = ''March On, Bahamaland''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of the Bahamas.oga]]&lt;/center&gt;
| royal_anthem = ''[[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga|God Save the King]]
| image_map = LocationBahamas.svg
| capital = [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|4|N|77|20|W|type:city}}
| largest_city = caipital
| official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]&lt;!---NOTE: Just English, don't add &quot;Bahamian English&quot;---&gt;
| regional_languages = [[Bahamian Creole]]{{ref label|bahfactobox|a|}}
| ethnic_groups = 90.6% [[Afro-Bahamian|African]]&lt;br /&gt;4.7% [[Demografics o the Bahamas#Ethnic groups|European]]&lt;br /&gt;2.1% [[Multiracial|Mixed]]&lt;br /&gt;1.9% ither&lt;ref name=&quot;cia.gov&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html Bahamas, The] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402000413/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html |date=2010-04-02 }}. CIA World Factbook.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;statistics&quot;&gt;[http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/095261300.pdf Bahamas Department of Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209035543/http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/095261300.pdf |date=2015-12-09 }}, PDF document retrieved 20 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year = 2016
| demonym = [[Bahamians|Bahamian]]
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[constitutional monarchy]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A12&quot;&gt;{{cite web |first= |last= |title=•GENERAL SITUATION AND TRENDS |work=[[Pan American Health Organization]] |url=http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_044.htm |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030536/http://www1.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_044.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A13&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Mission to Long Island in the Bahamas |work=Evangelical Association of the Caribbean |url=http://www.caribbeanevangelical.org/newsevents/oldarticles.htm?id=82 |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083539/http://www.caribbeanevangelical.org/newsevents/oldarticles.htm?id=82 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--(end nowrap:)--&gt;}}
| leader_title1 = Monarch
| leader_name1 = [[Charles III]]
| leader_title2 = {{nowrap|Govrenor-General}}
| leader_name2 = Cornelius A. Smith
| leader_title3 = Prime Meenister
| leader_name3 = Philip Davis
| legislature = [Pairlament
| upper_house = Senate
| lower_house = Hoose o Assemmly
| sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]]
| established_event1 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| established_date1 = 10 Julie 1973&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_Bahamas&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=9 July 1973 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/9/newsid_2498000/2498835.stm |title=1973: Bahamas' sun sets on British Empire |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=1 May 2009 |last= |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_km2 = 13,878
| area_rank = 155th &lt;!-- Should match the list it links to--&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 5358 &lt;!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 28%
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bahamas}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 351,461
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 177t
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_density_km2 = 25.21
| population_density_sq_mi = 63.5 &lt;!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 181st
| GDP_PPP = $9.374 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=313&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=73&amp;pr.y=10 |title=The Bahamas |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,173&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $9.172 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,630&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| Gini = 57
| Gini_year = 2001
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;blcs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bahamas Living Conditions Survey 2001 |url=http://www.centralbankbahamas.com/download/BLCS%202001%20poverty.pdf#page=4 |publisher=Department of Statistics |accessdate=4 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.790 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2014 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report Summary |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 55th
| currency = Bahamian  dollar (BSD)&lt;br /&gt;{{smaller|([[Unitit States dollar|US dollars]] widely accepted)}}
| country_code = BAH
| time_zone = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = −5
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| time_zone_DST = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
| drives_on = caur
| calling_code = [[Aurie code 242|+1 242]]
| iso3166code = BS
| cctld = .bs
| footnote_a = {{note|bahoffbox}}An aa referred tae as ''Bahamian dialect'' or ''Bahamianese''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BS/languages Ethnologue - Bahamas: Languages (18th ed.)]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
[[File:Districts of the Bahamas.png|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''The Bahamas''' ({{pron-en|ðə bəˈhɑːməz|En-us-Bahamas.ogg}}), offeecially the '''Commonweel o the Bahamas''', is a kintra consistin o 29 [[island]]s, 661 [[cay]]s, an 2,387 [[islet]]s (rocks).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Home - Office of the Prime Minister|url=https://opm.gov.bs/|access-date=2022-09-07|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cat Island, Bahamas|url=https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Collections/EarthObservatory/articles/Cat_Island_Bahamas.htm|access-date=2022-09-07|website=eol.jsc.nasa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is locatit in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] north o [[Cuba]] an [[Hispaniola]] ([[Dominican Republic]] an [[Haiti]]), northwast o the [[Turks an Caicos Islands]], an sootheast o the [[Unitit States]] (nearest tae the state o [[Florida]]). Its total land aurie is 13,939 km2 (5,382 sq mi), wi an estimatit population o 330,000. Its caipital is [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola an the Turks an Caicos Islands; the designation o Bahamas refers normally tae the commonweel an no the geographic chain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101219008|title=The Commonwealth yearbook.|publisher=Hanson Cooke Ltd for the Commonwealth Secretariat|others=Commonwealth Secretariat|isbn=978-1-908609-19-9|location=London|chapter=Bahamas: the country profile|oclc=1101219008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gallarie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Bahamas.A2001138.1550.250m.jpg|The Bahamas
File:Bahamas Parliament.jpg
File:COB New Northern Bahamas Campus.JPG
File:Tommy Robinson National Stadium.jpg
File:The Hermitage, Cat Island, Bahamas.jpg
File:National Art Gallery of the Bahamas.agr.jpg
File:Winslow Homer - After the Hurricane, Bahamas - Google Art Project.jpg
File:Junkanoo Festival, Nassau 2.jpg|Junkanoo
File:Port de freeport.jpg
File:Hopetown-lighthouse.jpg
File:Bat colony (Hatchet Bay Cave, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas) 1 (8318328798).jpg
File:Frenchcloisters.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Bahamas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahamas}}
[[Category:Bahamas| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Island kintras]]
[[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1647]]
[[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Constitutional monarchies]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1973]]

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  <page>
    <title>El Aaiún</title>
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      <text bytes="9688" sha1="ab7mpm8b1d7qd6zgmqn0me5sufdodk0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = El Aaiún 
|other_name = Laâyoune, Laayoune
|native_name = العيون (''al-ˁūyūn''), ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ
|image_skyline = Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah in El-Aaiún
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Western Sahara
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Wastren Sahara
|subdivision_type = Non-Sel-Govrenin Territory
|subdivision_name = [[Wastren Sahara]]
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = [[Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra|Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra]]
|subdivision_type2 = Province
|subdivision_name2 = [[Laâyoune Province|Laayoune Province]]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of=2010
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 196,331
|population_urban =
|population_metro =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = UTC
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates      = {{coord|27|9|13|N|13|12|12|W|region:EH|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m =
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|postal_code_type =
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|area_code =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''El-Aaiún''' ([[French leid|French]]: '''Laâyoune'''; [[Arabic]]: العيون, [[romanisation o Arabic|romanisit]] ''al-ʾAyūn'', leeterally ''&quot;The Springs&quot;''), is a ceety in [[Wastren Sahara]] foondit bi the [[Spain]]gie in 1928. Administered bi [[Morocco]] syne 1976&lt;ref&gt;UN General Assembly Resolution 34/37 and UN General Assembly Resolution 35/19.&lt;/ref&gt;, El-Aaiún is the caipital o wha the Moroccan government cawed the region o ''[[Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra]]'', an [[POLISARIO]] cawed ''[[Occupied territory|Occupied Territories]]''. It is an aa claimed bi the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] as thair caipital.

== Demographics ==
The ceety haes a population o 194,668&lt;ref name=&quot;Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;lng=de&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-70&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en | title = Morocco - largest cities (per geographical entity) | accessdate = 2009-03-25 | author = Stefan Helders | year = 2009 | publisher = World Gazetteer | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001090358/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;lng=de&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-70&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en | archivedate = 2007-10-01 | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; an is the lairgest ceety in Wastren Sahara. It is a growin economic hub in wha Morocco sees as its [[Soothren Provinces]]. Its population is a mixture o Moroccans frae the North as well as [[Sahrawis]] frae Soothren Saharan Morocco an natives o [[Wastren Sahara]] (who mak up a fift o the population).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Diplomacy over Western Sahara: Morocco v Algeria&quot;, ''[[The Economist]]'', 4th November, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etymology ==

&quot;El Aaiún&quot; is the transliteration o the Arabic name uised as the Spainyie name for the ceety. &quot;Laâyoune&quot; is a French transliteration even uised in Moroccan literature. The Arabic name means &quot;the springs&quot;.

== Status ==
The [[United Naitions]] mission for the referendum, turned tae simply waitin for a poleetical solution, instead o a referendum which wis obsolete efter the UN votit for resolution 1813. [[MINURSO]], which administers the ceasefire dounset o 1991 atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Polisario Front]], haes its heidquarters in the ceety.

== Climate ==
{{Weather box
|location = Laâyoune&quot; an aa &quot;El Ayun&quot;
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 20
|Feb high C = 20
|Mar high C = 22
|Apr high C = 22
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 24
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 28
|Sep high C = 27
|Oct high C = 25
|Nov high C = 24
|Dec high C = 20
|year high C = 23
|Jan mean C = 16
|Feb mean C = 17
|Mar mean C = 19
|Apr mean C = 18
|May mean C = 20
|Jun mean C = 21
|Jul mean C = 23
|Aug mean C = 25
|Sep mean C = 24
|Oct mean C = 22
|Nov mean C = 20
|Dec mean C = 17
|year mean C = 20
|Jan low C = 12
|Feb low C = 13
|Mar low C = 16
|Apr low C = 15
|May low C = 16
|Jun low C = 18
|Jul low C = 20
|Aug low C = 21
|Sep low C = 20
|Oct low C = 18
|Nov low C = 16
|Dec low C = 13
|year low C = 17
|Jan precipitation mm = 17.97
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.51
|Mar precipitation mm = 6.74
|Apr precipitation mm = 2.54
|May precipitation mm = 3.21
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.31
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 1.21
|Oct precipitation mm = 7.47
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.90
|Dec precipitation mm = 18.60
|year precipitation mm = 93.46
|Jan precipitation days = 3
|Feb precipitation days = 3
|Mar precipitation days = 1
|Apr precipitation days = 1
|May precipitation days = 1
|Jun precipitation days = 1
|Jul precipitation days = 1
|Aug precipitation days = 1
|Sep precipitation days = 0
|Oct precipitation days = 2
|Nov precipitation days = 1
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 18
|source 1 = Weatherbase&lt;ref name=&quot;Weatherbase&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=33006&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric
  |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for El Aaiún
  |accessdate=
  |archive-date=2018-12-24
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224221737/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=33006&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric%20
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
}}

== Sport ==

The ceety's main fitbaa club in El Aaiun is [[Jeunesse Massira]]. The club played in the [[Botola]]/GNF 1. Jeunesse Massira uise [[Mohamed Laghdaf stadium]] in trainin an gemmes.

== Transport ==
El-Aaiún is served bi [[Hassan I Airport]].

== Twin touns an sister ceeties ==
{{Portal|Wastren Sahara|Africae|Geografie}}

* {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algerie]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Renewing the twining agreement between Central Algiers and Wilaya of El Aaiun|url=http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/renewing-twining-agreement-between-central-algiers-and-wilaya-el-aaiun|publisher=[[Sahara Press Service]]|date=30-10-2011|accessdate=02-11-2011|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501181500/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/renewing-twining-agreement-between-central-algiers-and-wilaya-el-aaiun|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Syne 2001'')
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Almería]], [[Andalucía]], [[Spain]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hermanadas&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url = http://www.aytoalmeria.es/ciudadano/nav/ayuntamiento/concejalias/alcaldia/ciudadesHermanadas/index.jsp
|title = Ciudades Hermanadas
|editor = Ayuntamiento de Almería
|accessdate = 2008-04-12
|archive-date = 2008-01-28
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080128165312/http://www.aytoalmeria.es/ciudadano/nav/ayuntamiento/concejalias/alcaldia/ciudadesHermanadas/index.jsp
|url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Avilés]], [[Asturias]], Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://aviles.es/AytoAvilesPortal/portal/cn/NavSec/Noticia |title=Balance del viaje realizado por representantes municipales al Sahara |publisher=Aviles.es |date= |accessdate=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529155215/http://aviles.es/AytoAvilesPortal/portal/cn/NavSec/Noticia |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] (''Syne 12 August 2005'')
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Málaga]], Andalucía, Spain&lt;ref name=&quot;Málaga2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.malaga2016.es/es|title = Official website for Malaga's candidature for European capital of culture in 2016|editor = [[Ayuntamiento de Málaga]]|accessdate = 2008-04-02|archive-date = 2009-03-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090322110144/http://www.malaga2016.es/es|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/institucional/relaciones-internacionales/documentos/hermanamiento-entre-el-aaiun-y-montevideo |title=Hermanamiento de Montevideo y El Aaiún |publisher=Montevideo.gub.uy |date=2009-12-13 |accessdate=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202161652/http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/institucional/relaciones-internacionales/documentos/hermanamiento-entre-el-aaiun-y-montevideo |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Syne 13 December 2009'')
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Lorca]], [[Murcia]], Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.murcia.com/lorca/noticias/2010/11/12-ayuntamiento-lorca-denuncia-agresion-marruecos.asp|title=El Ayuntamiento de Lorca denuncia la agresión de Marruecos contra el Pueblo Saharaui|publisher=Murcia.es|date=12-11-2010|accessdate=11-02-2013}} {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Sorrento]], [[Campanie]], [[Italy]] (''Syne 18 April 2009'')

== References ==
{{Portal box|Wastren Sahara|Geografie}}
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{fr}} [http://www.laayouneinvest.ma Investir dans la région de Laâyoune &quot;Invest in the region of Laâyoune&quot;]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://lexicorient.com/morocco/laayoune.htm Entry in Lexicorient] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507120112/http://lexicorient.com/morocco/laayoune.htm |date=2012-05-07 }}
* [http://www.travel-images.com/el-aaiun.html Entry in Travel-Images]

{{Leet o African caipitals}}

{{Stub/NAfricae}}
{{Stub/Ceety}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:El Aaiun}}
[[Category:Populatit places in Wastren Sahara]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra Region]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9027" sha1="n5mcrb8tkbbivofruc57y5mlu8j8dgb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = El Aaiún 
|other_name = Laâyoune, Laayoune
|native_name = العيون (''al-ˁūyūn''), ⵍⵄⵢⵓⵏ
|image_skyline = Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg
|image_caption = Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah in El-Aaiún
|pushpin_map = Western Sahara
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Wastren Sahara
|subdivision_type = Non-Sel-Govrenin Territory
|subdivision_name = [[Wastren Sahara]]
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = [[Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra|Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra]]
|subdivision_type2 = Province
|subdivision_name2 = [[Laâyoune Province|Laayoune Province]]
|population_as_of=2010
|population_total = 196,331
|coordinates      = {{coord|27|9|13|N|13|12|12|W|region:EH|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''El-Aaiún''' ([[French leid|French]]: '''Laâyoune'''; [[Arabic]]: العيون, [[romanisation o Arabic|romanisit]] ''al-ʾAyūn'', leeterally ''&quot;The Springs&quot;''), is a ceety in [[Wastren Sahara]] foondit bi the [[Spain]]gie in 1928. Administered bi [[Morocco]] syne 1976&lt;ref&gt;UN General Assembly Resolution 34/37 and UN General Assembly Resolution 35/19.&lt;/ref&gt;, El-Aaiún is the caipital o wha the Moroccan government cawed the region o ''[[Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra]]'', an [[POLISARIO]] cawed ''[[Occupied territory|Occupied Territories]]''. It is an aa claimed bi the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] as thair caipital.

== Demographics ==
The ceety haes a population o 194,668&lt;ref name=&quot;Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;lng=de&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-70&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en | title = Morocco - largest cities (per geographical entity) | accessdate = 2009-03-25 | author = Stefan Helders | year = 2009 | publisher = World Gazetteer | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001090358/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;lng=de&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-70&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en | archivedate = 2007-10-01 | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; an is the lairgest ceety in Wastren Sahara. It is a growin economic hub in wha Morocco sees as its [[Soothren Provinces]]. Its population is a mixture o Moroccans frae the North as well as [[Sahrawis]] frae Soothren Saharan Morocco an natives o [[Wastren Sahara]] (who mak up a fift o the population).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Diplomacy over Western Sahara: Morocco v Algeria&quot;, ''[[The Economist]]'', 4th November, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etymology ==

&quot;El Aaiún&quot; is the transliteration o the Arabic name uised as the Spainyie name for the ceety. &quot;Laâyoune&quot; is a French transliteration even uised in Moroccan literature. The Arabic name means &quot;the springs&quot;.

== Status ==
The [[United Naitions]] mission for the referendum, turned tae simply waitin for a poleetical solution, instead o a referendum which wis obsolete efter the UN votit for resolution 1813. [[MINURSO]], which administers the ceasefire dounset o 1991 atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Polisario Front]], haes its heidquarters in the ceety.

== Climate ==
{{Weather box
|location = Laâyoune&quot; an aa &quot;El Ayun&quot;
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 20
|Feb high C = 20
|Mar high C = 22
|Apr high C = 22
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 24
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 28
|Sep high C = 27
|Oct high C = 25
|Nov high C = 24
|Dec high C = 20
|year high C = 23
|Jan mean C = 16
|Feb mean C = 17
|Mar mean C = 19
|Apr mean C = 18
|May mean C = 20
|Jun mean C = 21
|Jul mean C = 23
|Aug mean C = 25
|Sep mean C = 24
|Oct mean C = 22
|Nov mean C = 20
|Dec mean C = 17
|year mean C = 20
|Jan low C = 12
|Feb low C = 13
|Mar low C = 16
|Apr low C = 15
|May low C = 16
|Jun low C = 18
|Jul low C = 20
|Aug low C = 21
|Sep low C = 20
|Oct low C = 18
|Nov low C = 16
|Dec low C = 13
|year low C = 17
|Jan precipitation mm = 17.97
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.51
|Mar precipitation mm = 6.74
|Apr precipitation mm = 2.54
|May precipitation mm = 3.21
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.31
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 1.21
|Oct precipitation mm = 7.47
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.90
|Dec precipitation mm = 18.60
|year precipitation mm = 93.46
|Jan precipitation days = 3
|Feb precipitation days = 3
|Mar precipitation days = 1
|Apr precipitation days = 1
|May precipitation days = 1
|Jun precipitation days = 1
|Jul precipitation days = 1
|Aug precipitation days = 1
|Sep precipitation days = 0
|Oct precipitation days = 2
|Nov precipitation days = 1
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 18
|source 1 = Weatherbase&lt;ref name=&quot;Weatherbase&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=33006&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric
  |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for El Aaiún
  |accessdate=
  |archive-date=2018-12-24
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224221737/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=33006&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric%20
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
}}

== Sport ==

The ceety's main fitbaa club in El Aaiun is [[Jeunesse Massira]]. The club played in the [[Botola]]/GNF 1. Jeunesse Massira uise [[Mohamed Laghdaf stadium]] in trainin an gemmes.

== Transport ==
El-Aaiún is served bi [[Hassan I Airport]].

== Twin touns an sister ceeties ==
{{Portal|Wastren Sahara|Africae|Geografie}}

* {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algerie]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Renewing the twining agreement between Central Algiers and Wilaya of El Aaiun|url=http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/renewing-twining-agreement-between-central-algiers-and-wilaya-el-aaiun|publisher=[[Sahara Press Service]]|date=30-10-2011|accessdate=02-11-2011|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501181500/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/renewing-twining-agreement-between-central-algiers-and-wilaya-el-aaiun|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Syne 2001'')
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Almería]], [[Andalucía]], [[Spain]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hermanadas&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url = http://www.aytoalmeria.es/ciudadano/nav/ayuntamiento/concejalias/alcaldia/ciudadesHermanadas/index.jsp
|title = Ciudades Hermanadas
|editor = Ayuntamiento de Almería
|accessdate = 2008-04-12
|archive-date = 2008-01-28
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080128165312/http://www.aytoalmeria.es/ciudadano/nav/ayuntamiento/concejalias/alcaldia/ciudadesHermanadas/index.jsp
|url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Avilés]], [[Asturias]], Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://aviles.es/AytoAvilesPortal/portal/cn/NavSec/Noticia |title=Balance del viaje realizado por representantes municipales al Sahara |publisher=Aviles.es |date= |accessdate=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529155215/http://aviles.es/AytoAvilesPortal/portal/cn/NavSec/Noticia |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] (''Syne 12 August 2005'')
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Málaga]], Andalucía, Spain&lt;ref name=&quot;Málaga2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.malaga2016.es/es|title = Official website for Malaga's candidature for European capital of culture in 2016|editor = [[Ayuntamiento de Málaga]]|accessdate = 2008-04-02|archive-date = 2009-03-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090322110144/http://www.malaga2016.es/es|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/institucional/relaciones-internacionales/documentos/hermanamiento-entre-el-aaiun-y-montevideo |title=Hermanamiento de Montevideo y El Aaiún |publisher=Montevideo.gub.uy |date=2009-12-13 |accessdate=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202161652/http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/institucional/relaciones-internacionales/documentos/hermanamiento-entre-el-aaiun-y-montevideo |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Syne 13 December 2009'')
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Lorca]], [[Murcia]], Spain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.murcia.com/lorca/noticias/2010/11/12-ayuntamiento-lorca-denuncia-agresion-marruecos.asp|title=El Ayuntamiento de Lorca denuncia la agresión de Marruecos contra el Pueblo Saharaui|publisher=Murcia.es|date=12-11-2010|accessdate=11-02-2013}} {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Sorrento]], [[Campanie]], [[Italy]] (''Syne 18 April 2009'')

== References ==
{{Portal box|Wastren Sahara|Geografie}}
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{fr}} [http://www.laayouneinvest.ma Investir dans la région de Laâyoune &quot;Invest in the region of Laâyoune&quot;]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://lexicorient.com/morocco/laayoune.htm Entry in Lexicorient] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507120112/http://lexicorient.com/morocco/laayoune.htm |date=2012-05-07 }}
* [http://www.travel-images.com/el-aaiun.html Entry in Travel-Images]

{{Leet o African caipitals}}

{{Stub/NAfricae}}
{{Stub/Ceety}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:El Aaiun}}
[[Category:Populatit places in Wastren Sahara]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra Region]]</text>
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    <title>Venice</title>
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      <text bytes="6445" sha1="kqj5xk9sb69n5ldkg93yk0r0ezkpae0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Venice
| official_name       = ''Comune di Venezia''
| native_name         = ''Venezia''
| image_skyline       = Collage Venezia.jpg
| image_alt           =
| image_caption       = A collage o Venice: at the top left is the [[Piazza San Marco]], follaeed bi a view o the ceety, then the [[Grand Canal (Venice)|Grand Canal]], an (smallwer) the interior o [[La Fenice]] an feenally the Island o San Giorgio Maggiore
| image_shield        =
| shield_alt          =
| shield_size         = 85px
| image_map           =
| map_alt             =
| map_caption         =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt     =
| coordinates         = {{coord|45|26|15|N|12|20|9|E|region:IT-VX_type:city(270000)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region              = [[Veneto]]
| province            = [[province o Venice|Venice]] (VE)
| frazioni            = Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, [[Mestre]], [[Marghera]], [[Murano]], [[Burano]], [[Giudecca]], [[Lido di Venezia|Lido]], Zelarino
| mayor               = [[Luigi Brugnaro]]
| area_footnotes      =
| area_total_km2      = 414.57
| population_footnotes =
| population_total    = 270660
| population_as_of    = 2009-04-30
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym  = Venetians
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m         = 0
| twin1               =
| twin1_country       =
| saint               = [[Mark the Evangelist|St. Mark the Evangelist]]
| day                 = 25 Aprile
| postal_code         = 30100
| area_code           = 041
| website             = {{Official website|http://www.comune.venezia.it/}}
| footnotes           =
}}
{{Infobox Warld Heritage Steid
|Name = Venice and its Lagoon
|Image = [[File:Rialto Bridge Grand Canal.jpg|225px|Venice in spring, with the Rialto Bridge in the background.]]
|State Party = Italy
|Type = Cultural
|Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi
|ID = 394
|Region = Europe an North Americae
|Year = 1987
|Session = 11th
|Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394
}}

'''Venice''' ({{lang-it|Venezia}} {{IPA-it|veˈnɛttsja||It-Venezia.ogg}}, [[Venetian leid|Venetian]]: ''Venesia'') is a ceety in [[northren Italy]] kent baith for tourism an for industry, an is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o the [[Italian regions|region]] [[Veneto]], wi a population o aboot 272,000 (census estimate 1 Januar 2004). Thegither wi [[Padua, Italy|Padua]], the ceety is includit in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Aurie (population 1,600,000).

The name is derived frae the auncient tribe o [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] that inhabitit the region in [[Roman times]].&lt;ref name=&quot;urlOnline Etymology Dictionary&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work= |accessdate=2010-06-11 |archive-date=2015-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205085150/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Local etymology: a derivative dictionary of geographical names|url=https://archive.org/details/localetymologya00chargoog|author=Richard Stephen Charnock|publisher=Houlston and Wright|year=1859|page= [https://archive.org/details/localetymologya00chargoog/page/n498 288]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ceety historically wis the caipital o an independent [[ceety-state]]. Venice has been known as the &quot;La Dominante&quot;, &quot;Serenissima&quot;, &quot;Queen o the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]]&quot;, &quot;Ceety o Water&quot;, &quot;Ceety o Masks&quot;, &quot;Ceety o Brigs&quot;, &quot;The Floatin Ceety&quot;, an &quot;Ceety o Canals&quot;. [[Luigi Barzini, Jr.|Luigi Barzini]], writin in ''[[The New York Times]]'', described it as &quot;undoubtedly the maist bonnie ceety built bi man&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Barzini |first=Luigi |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE5DD1038F933A05756C0A964948260&amp;sec=&amp;spon=&amp;pagewanted=2 |title=The Most Beautiful and Wonderful City In The World - The |publisher=New York Times |date=30 May 1982 |accessdate=28 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Venice haes an aa been described bi the ''[[Times|Times Online]]'' as bein ane o Europe's maist romantic ceeties.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article1936951.ece | work=The Times | location=London | title=Europes most romantic city breaks | date=17 June 2007 | accessdate=27 May 2010 | first1=Stephen | last1=Bleach | first2=Brian | last2=Schofield | first3=Vincent | last3=Crump | archive-date=2011-06-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629135216/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article1936951.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The ceety stretches athort 117 sma islands in the marshy [[Venetian Lagoon]] alang the [[Adriatic Sea]] in northeast Italy. The saltwater lagoon stretches alang the shoreline atween the mooths o the [[Po River|Po]] (sooth) an the [[Piave River|Piave]] (north) Rivers. The population estimate o 272,000 inhabitants includes the population o the hale [[Comune]] o Venezie; aroond 60,000&lt;ref&gt;Mara Rumiz, Venice Demographics Official [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8360253.stm Mock funeral for Venice's 'death']&lt;/ref&gt; in the historic ceety o Venice (''Centro storico''); 176,000 in ''Terraferma'' (the ''Mainland''), maistly in the lairge ''[[frazione|frazioni]]'' o [[Mestre]] an [[Marghera]]; an 31,000 live on ither islands in the lagoon.

The [[Republic o Venice]] wis a major maritime pouer durin the [[Middle Ages]] an [[Renaissance]], an a [[stagin aurie]] for the [[Crusades]] an the [[Battle o Lepanto (1571)|Battle o Lepanto]], as well as a vera important centre o commerce (especially [[silk]], [[grain]] an [[spice tred]]) an [[airt]] in the 13t century up tae the end o the 17t century. This made Venice a wealthy ceety throughoot maist o its history. It is an aa kent for its several important airtistic movements, especially the [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance period]]. Venice haes played an important role in the history o symphonic an operatic muisic, an it is the birthplace o [[Antonio Vivaldi]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Venice]]
[[Category:Carnival ceeties an touns]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Veneto]]
[[Category:Coastal ceeties an touns in Italy]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Italy]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]
[[Category:Maritime Republics]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:Caur-free auries]]
[[Category:Islands o the Venetian Lagoon]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6079" sha1="dxy182qxh8o051pel5srgdvfpih8knw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Venice
| official_name       = ''Comune di Venezia''
| native_name         = ''Venezia''
| image_skyline       = Collage Venezia.jpg
| image_caption       = A collage o Venice: at the top left is the [[Piazza San Marco]], follaeed bi a view o the ceety, then the [[Grand Canal (Venice)|Grand Canal]], an (smallwer) the interior o [[La Fenice]] an feenally the Island o San Giorgio Maggiore
| shield_size         = 85px
| coordinates         = {{coord|45|26|15|N|12|20|9|E|region:IT-VX_type:city(270000)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region              = [[Veneto]]
| province            = [[province o Venice|Venice]] (VE)
| frazioni            = Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, [[Mestre]], [[Marghera]], [[Murano]], [[Burano]], [[Giudecca]], [[Lido di Venezia|Lido]], Zelarino
| mayor               = [[Luigi Brugnaro]]
| area_total_km2      = 414.57
| population_total    = 270660
| population_as_of    = 2009-04-30
| population_demonym  = Venetians
| elevation_m         = 0
| saint               = [[Mark the Evangelist|St. Mark the Evangelist]]
| day                 = 25 Aprile
| postal_code         = 30100
| area_code           = 041
| website             = {{Official website|http://www.comune.venezia.it/}}
}}
{{Infobox Warld Heritage Steid
|Name = Venice and its Lagoon
|Image = [[File:Rialto Bridge Grand Canal.jpg|225px|Venice in spring, with the Rialto Bridge in the background.]]
|State Party = Italy
|Type = Cultural
|Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi
|ID = 394
|Region = Europe an North Americae
|Year = 1987
|Session = 11th
|Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394
}}

'''Venice''' ({{lang-it|Venezia}} {{IPA-it|veˈnɛttsja||It-Venezia.ogg}}, [[Venetian leid|Venetian]]: ''Venesia'') is a ceety in [[northren Italy]] kent baith for tourism an for industry, an is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o the [[Italian regions|region]] [[Veneto]], wi a population o aboot 272,000 (census estimate 1 Januar 2004). Thegither wi [[Padua, Italy|Padua]], the ceety is includit in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Aurie (population 1,600,000).

The name is derived frae the auncient tribe o [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] that inhabitit the region in [[Roman times]].&lt;ref name=&quot;urlOnline Etymology Dictionary&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work= |accessdate=2010-06-11 |archive-date=2015-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205085150/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Local etymology: a derivative dictionary of geographical names|url=https://archive.org/details/localetymologya00chargoog|author=Richard Stephen Charnock|publisher=Houlston and Wright|year=1859|page= [https://archive.org/details/localetymologya00chargoog/page/n498 288]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ceety historically wis the caipital o an independent [[ceety-state]]. Venice has been known as the &quot;La Dominante&quot;, &quot;Serenissima&quot;, &quot;Queen o the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]]&quot;, &quot;Ceety o Water&quot;, &quot;Ceety o Masks&quot;, &quot;Ceety o Brigs&quot;, &quot;The Floatin Ceety&quot;, an &quot;Ceety o Canals&quot;. [[Luigi Barzini, Jr.|Luigi Barzini]], writin in ''[[The New York Times]]'', described it as &quot;undoubtedly the maist bonnie ceety built bi man&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Barzini |first=Luigi |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE5DD1038F933A05756C0A964948260&amp;sec=&amp;spon=&amp;pagewanted=2 |title=The Most Beautiful and Wonderful City In The World - The |publisher=New York Times |date=30 May 1982 |accessdate=28 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Venice haes an aa been described bi the ''[[Times|Times Online]]'' as bein ane o Europe's maist romantic ceeties.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article1936951.ece | work=The Times | location=London | title=Europes most romantic city breaks | date=17 June 2007 | accessdate=27 May 2010 | first1=Stephen | last1=Bleach | first2=Brian | last2=Schofield | first3=Vincent | last3=Crump | archive-date=2011-06-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629135216/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article1936951.ece | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The ceety stretches athort 117 sma islands in the marshy [[Venetian Lagoon]] alang the [[Adriatic Sea]] in northeast Italy. The saltwater lagoon stretches alang the shoreline atween the mooths o the [[Po River|Po]] (sooth) an the [[Piave River|Piave]] (north) Rivers. The population estimate o 272,000 inhabitants includes the population o the hale [[Comune]] o Venezie; aroond 60,000&lt;ref&gt;Mara Rumiz, Venice Demographics Official [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8360253.stm Mock funeral for Venice's 'death']&lt;/ref&gt; in the historic ceety o Venice (''Centro storico''); 176,000 in ''Terraferma'' (the ''Mainland''), maistly in the lairge ''[[frazione|frazioni]]'' o [[Mestre]] an [[Marghera]]; an 31,000 live on ither islands in the lagoon.

The [[Republic o Venice]] wis a major maritime pouer durin the [[Middle Ages]] an [[Renaissance]], an a [[stagin aurie]] for the [[Crusades]] an the [[Battle o Lepanto (1571)|Battle o Lepanto]], as well as a vera important centre o commerce (especially [[silk]], [[grain]] an [[spice tred]]) an [[airt]] in the 13t century up tae the end o the 17t century. This made Venice a wealthy ceety throughoot maist o its history. It is an aa kent for its several important airtistic movements, especially the [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance period]]. Venice haes played an important role in the history o symphonic an operatic muisic, an it is the birthplace o [[Antonio Vivaldi]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Venice]]
[[Category:Carnival ceeties an touns]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Veneto]]
[[Category:Coastal ceeties an touns in Italy]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Italy]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]
[[Category:Maritime Republics]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:Caur-free auries]]
[[Category:Islands o the Venetian Lagoon]]</text>
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    <title>Cape Verde</title>
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      <text bytes="6608" sha1="igp33zzxhyc2n534nsabn0dgdxyo2t4" xml:space="preserve">{{other uses|Cabo Verde (disambiguation)|Cape Verde (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic o Cabo Verde
|native_name = ''República de Cabo Verde''
|common_name = Cape Verde&lt;!--This field is not visible to the reader, it provides codes for page links. It should not be changed to Cabo Verde unless the actual pages are moved.--&gt;
|image_flag = Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg
|symbol_type = Naitional emblem
|image_map = Location Cape Verde AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
|national_anthem = {{native name|pt|[[Cântico da Liberdade]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Chant o Freedom''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]
|national_languages = [[Cape Verdean Creole]]
|capital = [[Praia]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|14|55|N|23|31|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|demonym = [[Cape Verdeans|Cabo Verdean]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/07/228873.htm|title=On the Occasion of the Republic of Cabo Verde's National Day|author=[[John Kerry]]|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=July 8, 2014|accessdate=July 11, 2014|quote=On behalf of President Obama and the people of the United States, I send best wishes to Cabo Verdeans as you celebrate 39 years of independence on July 5.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]]}} [[republic]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SpL&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Neto |first1=Octávio Amorim |last2=Lobo |first2=Marina Costa |year=2010 |url=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1644026 |title=Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries |journal= |publisher=[[Social Science Research Network]] |volume= |issue= |access-date=29 December 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title1 = Preses
|leader_name1 = José Maria Neves
|leader_title2 = Prime Meenister
|leader_name2 = Ulisses Correia e Silva
|legislature = [[National Assembly (Cape Verde)|National Assembly]]
|area_rank = 172nt
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_km2 = 4033
|area_sq_mi = 1,557 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = negligible
|population_estimate = 550.000
|population_estimate_rank = 167t &lt;!--UN WPP--&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2020
|population_density_km2 = 136
|population_density_sq_mi = 325.0 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 89t
|GDP_PPP = $4.323 billion
|GDP_PPP_year = 2016
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 7,728&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=74&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2024&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=624&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title= Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website= www.imf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_nominal = $3,651 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,287&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|sovereignty_type = Unthirldom
|established_event1 = frae [[Portugal]]
|established_date1 = 5 Julie 1975
|Gini_year = 2008
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 47.2
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=gini-index&gt;{{cite web |title = GINI index |url = http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&amp;sort=asc&amp;page=2 |publisher = World Bank |accessdate = 26 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.646 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report  |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 122nt
|currency = [[Cape Verdean escudo]]
|currency_code = CVE
|country_code = CPV
|time_zone = [[Cape Verde Time|CVT]]
|utc_offset = -1
|time_zone_DST = ''no observit''
|utc_offset_DST = -1
|drives_on = richt
|calling_code = [[+238]]
|cctld = [[.cv]]
}}
'''Cape Verde''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|eɪ|p|_|ˈ|v|ɜr|d}} ({{lang-pt|Cabo Verde}}, {{IPA-pt|ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ|pron}}), offeecially the '''Republic o Cabo Verde''',&lt;ref name=&quot;NameNatGeo&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/ |title = Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change |author = Tanya Basu |publisher = National Geographic |date = 12 December 2013 |accessdate = 2013-12-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; is a wee [[island kintra]], spannin an [[archipelago]] o 10 islands locatit in the central [[Atlantic Ocean]], 570 kilometres aff the coast o [[Wast Africae|Wastren Africae]]. The islands, kiverin a combined aurie o slichtly ower 4,000 square kilometre (1,500 sq mi), are o volcanic origin an while three o them ([[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] an [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]]) are fairly flat, sandy an dry, the remainin anes are generally rockier an haes mair vegetation. Acause o the infrequent occurrence o rainfaa, the oweraw landscape isnae parteecularly green, in maugre o whit the kintra's name suggests (''verde'' is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for &quot;green&quot;). The name o the kintra stems insteid frae the naurhaun [[Cap Vert]], on the [[Senegal]]ese coast.&lt;ref&gt;Lobban, [http://books.google.com/books?id=K8KA40g7vnQC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;dq=cape+verde+named&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;sig=ACfU3U3l9Agjto8g8JaAKKvWx-7gEGf9-Q p. 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511135901/http://books.google.com/books?id=K8KA40g7vnQC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;dq=cape+verde+named&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;sig=ACfU3U3l9Agjto8g8JaAKKvWx-7gEGf9-Q |date=2011-05-11 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Cape Verde| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Economic Community o Wast African States]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Umwhile Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Island kintras]]
[[Category:Islands o the North Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Islands o Africae]]
[[Category:Islands o Macaronesia]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:Portuguese-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1975]]

&lt;!--Interwiki--&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6607" sha1="ag1vgg5g1g6ii9i3wlk83mbvmdmd39y" xml:space="preserve">{{other uses|Cabo Verde (disambiguation)|Cape Verde (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox kintra
|conventional_long_name = Republic o Cabo Verde
|native_name = ''República de Cabo Verde''
|common_name = Cape Verde&lt;!--This field is not visible to the reader, it provides codes for page links. It should not be changed to Cabo Verde unless the actual pages are moved.--&gt;
|image_flag = Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg
|symbol_type = Naitional emblem
|image_map = Location Cape Verde AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
|national_anthem = {{native name|pt|[[Cântico da Liberdade]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Chant o Freedom''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]
|national_languages = [[Cape Verdean Creole]]
|capital = [[Praia]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|14|55|N|23|31|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|demonym = [[Cape Verdeans|Cabo Verdean]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/07/228873.htm|title=On the Occasion of the Republic of Cabo Verde's National Day|author=[[John Kerry]]|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=July 8, 2014|accessdate=July 11, 2014|quote=On behalf of President Obama and the people of the United States, I send best wishes to Cabo Verdeans as you celebrate 39 years of independence on July 5.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]]}} [[republic]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SpL&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Neto |first1=Octávio Amorim |last2=Lobo |first2=Marina Costa |year=2010 |url=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1644026 |title=Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries |journal= |publisher=[[Social Science Research Network]] |volume= |issue= |access-date=29 December 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title1 = Preses
|leader_name1 = José Maria Neves
|leader_title2 = Prime Meenister
|leader_name2 = Ulisses Correia e Silva
|legislature = [[National Assembly (Cape Verde)|National Assembly]]
|area_rank = 172nt
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_km2 = 4033
|area_sq_mi = 1,557 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = negligible
|population_estimate = 550.000
|population_estimate_rank = 167t &lt;!--UN WPP--&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2020
|population_density_km2 = 136
|population_density_sq_mi = 325.0 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 89t
|GDP_PPP = $4.323 billion
|GDP_PPP_year = 2016
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 7,728&lt;ref name=&quot;imf.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=74&amp;pr.y=10&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2024&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=624&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title= Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website= www.imf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_nominal = $3,651 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,287&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|sovereignty_type = Unthirldom
|established_event1 = frae [[Portugal]]
|established_date1 = 5 Julie 1975
|Gini_year = 2008
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 47.2
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=gini-index&gt;{{cite web |title = GINI index |url = http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&amp;sort=asc&amp;page=2 |publisher = World Bank |accessdate = 26 July 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.646 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report  |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 122nt
|currency = [[Cape Verdean escudo]]
|currency_code = CVE
|country_code = CPV
|time_zone = [[Cape Verde Time|CVT]]
|utc_offset = -1
|time_zone_DST = ''no observit''
|utc_offset_DST = -1
|drives_on = richt
|calling_code = [[+238]]
|cctld = [[.cv]]
}}
'''Cape Verde''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|eɪ|p|_|ˈ|v|ɜr|d}} ({{lang-pt|Cabo Verde}}, {{IPA-pt|ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ|pron}}), offeecially the '''Republic o Cabo Verde''',&lt;ref name=&quot;NameNatGeo&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/ |title = Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change |author = Tanya Basu |publisher = National Geographic |date = 12 December 2013 |accessdate = 2013-12-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; is a wee [[island kintra]], spannin an [[archipelago]] o 10 islands locatit in the central [[Atlantic Ocean]], 570 kilometres aff the coast o [[Wast Africae|Wastren Africae]]. The islands, kiverin a combined aurie o slichtly ower 4,000 square kilometre (1,500 sq mi), are o volcanic origin an while three o them ([[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] an [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]]) are fairly flat, sandy an dry, the remainin anes are generally rockier an haes mair vegetation. Acause o the infrequent occurrence o rainfaa, the oweraw landscape isnae parteecularly green, in maugre o whit the kintra's name suggests (''verde'' is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for &quot;green&quot;). The name o the kintra stems insteid frae the naurhaun [[Cap Vert]], on the [[Senegal]]ese coast.&lt;ref&gt;Lobban, [http://books.google.com/books?id=K8KA40g7vnQC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;dq=cape+verde+named&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;sig=ACfU3U3l9Agjto8g8JaAKKvWx-7gEGf9-Q p. 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511135901/http://books.google.com/books?id=K8KA40g7vnQC&amp;pg=PA4&amp;dq=cape+verde+named&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;sig=ACfU3U3l9Agjto8g8JaAKKvWx-7gEGf9-Q |date=2011-05-11 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Cape Verde| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Economic Community o Wast African States]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Umwhile Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Island kintras]]
[[Category:Islands o the North Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Islands o Africae]]
[[Category:Islands o Macaronesia]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:Portuguese-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1975]]

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    <title>Seattle</title>
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{{Infobox settlement
|name                      = Seattle, Washington
|settlement_type           = [[Ceety]]
|image_skyline             = Space Needle002.jpg
|image_caption             = Downtown Seattle frae [[Queen Anne, Seattle|Queen Anne Hill]]
|image_flag                = 
|image_seal                = 
|etymology                 = [[Chief Si'ahl]]
|nickname                  = The Emerald City / The Jet City / Rain City
|motto                     = The City of Flowers / The City of Goodwill
|image_map                 = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                   = 250x200px
|map_caption               = Location o Seattle in [[King Coonty, Washington|King Coonty]] an [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|pushpin_map               = USA
|pushpin_label_position    = bottom
|pushpin_label             = Seattle
|pushpin_map_caption       = Location in the Unitit States
|coordinates               = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type          = Kintra
|subdivision_name          = Unitit States
|subdivision_type1         = [[Poleetical diveesions o the Unitit States|State]]
|subdivision_name1         = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|subdivision_type2         = Coonty
|subdivision_name2         = [[King Coonty, Washington|King]]
|established_title         = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporatit]]
|established_date          = 2 Dizember 2, 1869
|government_type           = [[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Mayor–Cooncil]]
|governing_body            = [[Seattle City Council]]
|leader_title              = Mayor
|leader_name               = Ed Murray
|leader_title1             = [[Deputy mayor]]
|leader_name1              = [[Hyeok Kim]] an [[Kate Joncas]]
|unit_pref                 = US
|area_magnitude            = 1 E+9
|area_total_sq_mi          = 142.5
|area_total_km2            = 369.2
|area_land_sq_mi           = 83.87
|area_land_km2             = 217.2
|area_water_sq_mi          = 58.67
|area_water_km2            = 152.0
|area_metro_sq_mi          = 8,186
|area_metro_km2            = 21,202
|elevation_max_ft          = 520
|elevation_max_m           = 158
|elevation_min_ft          = 0
|elevation_min_m           = 0
|population_as_of          = [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010]]
|population_est            = 662400
|pop_est_as_of             = 2015
|pop_est_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=&quot;2015 Pop Estimate&quot;&gt;{{citation |mode=cs1 |url=http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/populationdemographics/aboutseattle/population/ |title=About Seattle: Population |work=Seattle.gov |date=2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930215449/http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/populationdemographics/aboutseattle/population/ |archive-date=September 30, 2015 |dead-url=no |quote=2015 population estimate for Seattle: 662,400 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313211513/http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/populationdemographics/aboutseattle/population/ |date=2017-03-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes      = &lt;ref name=&quot;FactFinder&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 19, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total          = 608660
|population_rank           = US: [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|20t]]
|population_density_sq_mi  = 7,969
|population_urban          = 3,059,393 (US: [[Leet o Unitit States urban auries|14t]])
|population_metro          = 3,733,580 (US: 15t)
|population_blank1_title   = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]]
|population_blank1         = 4,459,677 (US: 13t)
|population_demonym        = Seattleite
|timezone                  = [[Paceefic Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset                = -8
|timezone_DST              = [[Paceefic Time Zone|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST            = -7
|postal_code_type          = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code               = {{collapsible list
 |title                    = ZIP codes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |archive-date=2015-11-12 |dead-url=no |access-date=2016-04-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&amp;page=2&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&amp;page=2&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |archive-date=2015-11-12 |dead-url=no |access-date=2016-04-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |frame_style              = border:none; padding: 0;
 |list_style               = text-align:center;display:none
 |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}}
|area_code_type            = [[North American Numbering Plan|Aurie codes]]
|area_code                 = [[Aurie code 206|206]]
|blank_name                = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info                = 53-63000
|blank1_name               = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] featur ID
|blank1_info               = 1512650&lt;ref name=&quot;GR3&quot;&gt;{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|website                   = {{URL|www.seattle.gov}}
|footnotes                 =
}}

'''Seattle''' ({{pron-en|siːˈætəl|En-us-Seattle.ogg}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) is the northrenmaist [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|major ceety]] in the [[contiguous Unitit States]], an the lairgest ceety in the [[Paceefic Northwast]] an in the state o [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. A [[seaport]] situatit  on a narrae [[isthmus]] atween [[Puget Sound]] (an airm o the [[Paceefic Ocean]]) an [[Lake Washington]], aboot 100 mile (160&amp;nbsp;km) sooth o the [[Canadae – Unitit States border]], it is named efter [[Chief Seattle|Chief Sealth &quot;Seattle&quot;]], o the [[Duwamish tribe|Duwamish]] an [[Suquamish]] [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|native tribes]]. Seattle is the centre o the [[Seattle metropolitan aurie|Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue metropolitan statistical aurie]], the [[Table o Unitit States Metropolitan Statistical Auries|15t lairgest in the Unitit States]], an the lairgest in the [[northwastren Unitit States]].&lt;ref name=metro_population_ranking&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2008/CBSA-EST2008-05.csv |title=Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008 (CBSA-EST2008-05) |accessdate=2009-07-12 |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |format=CSV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seattle is the [[coonty seat]] o [[Keeng Coonty, Washington|Keeng Coonty]] an is the major economic, cultural an educational centre in the region. The 2010 census foond that Seattle is hame tae 630,320 residents athin a [[metropolitan aurie]] o some 3.4 million indwallers. The [[Port o Seattle]] an [[Seattle–Tacoma Internaitional Airport]] are major gateways tae [[Asie]], [[Alaska]], an the rest o the warld.

Seattle is the wastren terminus o [[Interstate 90|I-90]] an resides on the [[Interstate 5|I-5 corridor]], aboot 170 mile (270&amp;nbsp;km) north o [[Portland, Oregon]]/[[Vancouver, Washington]] an 140 mile (230&amp;nbsp;km) sooth o [[Vancouver]] in [[Breetish Columbie]], [[Canada]]. The ceety o [[Victoria, Breetish Columbie|Victoria]], Breetish Columbie's caipital, is aboot 110 mile (180&amp;nbsp;km) tae the northwast (aboot 90 mile (140&amp;nbsp;km) bi passenger ferry) while the [[eastren Washington]] hub ceety o [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] lies 280 mile (450&amp;nbsp;km) tae the east.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Seattle, Washington}}

[[Category:Seattle| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Ceeties in the Seattle metropolitan aurie]]
[[Category:Coonty seats in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Ceeties in King Coonty, Washington]]
[[Category:Port dounsets in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1853]]
[[Category:Isthmuses o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Populatit places on Puget Sound]]

&lt;!-- Interlanguage links --&gt;</text>
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{{Infobox settlement
|name                      = Seattle, Washington
|settlement_type           = [[Ceety]]
|image_skyline             = Space Needle002.jpg
|image_caption             = Downtown Seattle frae [[Queen Anne, Seattle|Queen Anne Hill]]
|etymology                 = [[Chief Si'ahl]]
|nickname                  = The Emerald City / The Jet City / Rain City
|motto                     = The City of Flowers / The City of Goodwill
|image_map                 = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                   = 250x200px
|map_caption               = Location o Seattle in [[King Coonty, Washington|King Coonty]] an [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|pushpin_map               = USA
|pushpin_label_position    = bottom
|pushpin_label             = Seattle
|pushpin_map_caption       = Location in the Unitit States
|coordinates               = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type          = Kintra
|subdivision_name          = Unitit States
|subdivision_type1         = [[Poleetical diveesions o the Unitit States|State]]
|subdivision_name1         = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|subdivision_type2         = Coonty
|subdivision_name2         = [[King Coonty, Washington|King]]
|established_title         = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporatit]]
|established_date          = 2 Dizember 2, 1869
|government_type           = [[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Mayor–Cooncil]]
|governing_body            = [[Seattle City Council]]
|leader_title              = Mayor
|leader_name               = Ed Murray
|leader_title1             = [[Deputy mayor]]
|leader_name1              = [[Hyeok Kim]] an [[Kate Joncas]]
|unit_pref                 = US
|area_magnitude            = 1 E+9
|area_total_sq_mi          = 142.5
|area_total_km2            = 369.2
|area_land_sq_mi           = 83.87
|area_land_km2             = 217.2
|area_water_sq_mi          = 58.67
|area_water_km2            = 152.0
|area_metro_sq_mi          = 8,186
|area_metro_km2            = 21,202
|elevation_max_ft          = 520
|elevation_max_m           = 158
|elevation_min_ft          = 0
|elevation_min_m           = 0
|population_as_of          = [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010]]
|population_est            = 662400
|pop_est_as_of             = 2015
|pop_est_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=&quot;2015 Pop Estimate&quot;&gt;{{citation |mode=cs1 |url=http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/populationdemographics/aboutseattle/population/ |title=About Seattle: Population |work=Seattle.gov |date=2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930215449/http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/populationdemographics/aboutseattle/population/ |archive-date=September 30, 2015 |dead-url=no |quote=2015 population estimate for Seattle: 662,400 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313211513/http://www.seattle.gov/DPD/cityplanning/populationdemographics/aboutseattle/population/ |date=2017-03-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes      = &lt;ref name=&quot;FactFinder&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 19, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total          = 608660
|population_rank           = US: [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|20t]]
|population_density_sq_mi  = 7,969
|population_urban          = 3,059,393 (US: [[Leet o Unitit States urban auries|14t]])
|population_metro          = 3,733,580 (US: 15t)
|population_blank1_title   = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]]
|population_blank1         = 4,459,677 (US: 13t)
|population_demonym        = Seattleite
|timezone                  = [[Paceefic Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset                = -8
|timezone_DST              = [[Paceefic Time Zone|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST            = -7
|postal_code_type          = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code               = {{collapsible list
 |title                    = ZIP codes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |archive-date=2015-11-12 |dead-url=no |access-date=2016-04-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&amp;page=2&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&amp;page=2&amp;address1=&amp;address2=&amp;city=Seattle&amp;state=WA |archive-date=2015-11-12 |dead-url=no |access-date=2016-04-29 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |frame_style              = border:none; padding: 0;
 |list_style               = text-align:center;display:none
 |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}}
|area_code_type            = [[North American Numbering Plan|Aurie codes]]
|area_code                 = [[Aurie code 206|206]]
|blank_name                = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info                = 53-63000
|blank1_name               = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] featur ID
|blank1_info               = 1512650&lt;ref name=&quot;GR3&quot;&gt;{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|website                   = {{URL|www.seattle.gov}}
}}

'''Seattle''' ({{pron-en|siːˈætəl|En-us-Seattle.ogg}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) is the northrenmaist [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|major ceety]] in the [[contiguous Unitit States]], an the lairgest ceety in the [[Paceefic Northwast]] an in the state o [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. A [[seaport]] situatit  on a narrae [[isthmus]] atween [[Puget Sound]] (an airm o the [[Paceefic Ocean]]) an [[Lake Washington]], aboot 100 mile (160&amp;nbsp;km) sooth o the [[Canadae – Unitit States border]], it is named efter [[Chief Seattle|Chief Sealth &quot;Seattle&quot;]], o the [[Duwamish tribe|Duwamish]] an [[Suquamish]] [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|native tribes]]. Seattle is the centre o the [[Seattle metropolitan aurie|Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue metropolitan statistical aurie]], the [[Table o Unitit States Metropolitan Statistical Auries|15t lairgest in the Unitit States]], an the lairgest in the [[northwastren Unitit States]].&lt;ref name=metro_population_ranking&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2008/CBSA-EST2008-05.csv |title=Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008 (CBSA-EST2008-05) |accessdate=2009-07-12 |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |format=CSV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seattle is the [[coonty seat]] o [[Keeng Coonty, Washington|Keeng Coonty]] an is the major economic, cultural an educational centre in the region. The 2010 census foond that Seattle is hame tae 630,320 residents athin a [[metropolitan aurie]] o some 3.4 million indwallers. The [[Port o Seattle]] an [[Seattle–Tacoma Internaitional Airport]] are major gateways tae [[Asie]], [[Alaska]], an the rest o the warld.

Seattle is the wastren terminus o [[Interstate 90|I-90]] an resides on the [[Interstate 5|I-5 corridor]], aboot 170 mile (270&amp;nbsp;km) north o [[Portland, Oregon]]/[[Vancouver, Washington]] an 140 mile (230&amp;nbsp;km) sooth o [[Vancouver]] in [[Breetish Columbie]], [[Canada]]. The ceety o [[Victoria, Breetish Columbie|Victoria]], Breetish Columbie's caipital, is aboot 110 mile (180&amp;nbsp;km) tae the northwast (aboot 90 mile (140&amp;nbsp;km) bi passenger ferry) while the [[eastren Washington]] hub ceety o [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] lies 280 mile (450&amp;nbsp;km) tae the east.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Seattle, Washington}}

[[Category:Seattle| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Ceeties in the Seattle metropolitan aurie]]
[[Category:Coonty seats in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Ceeties in King Coonty, Washington]]
[[Category:Port dounsets in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1853]]
[[Category:Isthmuses o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Populatit places on Puget Sound]]

&lt;!-- Interlanguage links --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Durban</title>
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      <text bytes="7286" sha1="lo62u63n8fgcqcm10p8m13pn6mjriqs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Durban
| native_name             = {{lang| zu|eThekwini}} {{zu icon}}
| other_name              = 
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = ZA-Durban-straende.jpg
| photo2a = Durban TownHall.jpg
| photo2b = ZA-Durban-shaka-m-eing.jpg
| photo3a = ICC Durban-20140315.jpg
| photo3b =
| photo4a =
| spacing = 2
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 295
| foot_montage = Clockwise frae tap left: Durban CBD, Ushaka Marine Warld, [[Suncoast Casino an Entertainment Warld]], [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Inkosi Albert Luthuli Internaitional Convention Centre]] an Durban Ceety Haw.
}}
| image_caption           = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|29|53|S|31|03|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| province                = KwaZulu-Natal
| municipality            = eThekwini
| established_date        = 1880&lt;ref name=established&gt;{{cite web|title=Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)|url=http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf|pages=xlv-lii|access-date=2015-03-29|archive-date=2019-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023732/http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type         = &lt;!-- Ward 00 --&gt;
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Cooncillor
| leader_name             = 
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/599054 |title=Main Place Durban |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2020-06-23 |archive-date=2015-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119025354/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/599054 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 225.91
| area_metro_km2          = 2292
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 3720953
| population_as_of        = 2018
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_metro        = 3442361
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_metro_footnotes = &lt;ref name=statssa2011&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1021&amp;id=ethekwini-municipality|title=Ethekwini|publisher=Statistics South Africa |accessdate=2018-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_demonym      = Durbanite&lt;ref name=&quot;McCrackenMcCracken&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Donal P. McCracken|author2=Eileen M. McCracken|title=Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3gQAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Durbanite|publisher=National Botanic Gardens|page=72}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| postal_code             = 4001
| area_code               = [[031 (Sooth Africae Cawin Code)|031]]
| censuscode              = 599054
| blank_name_sec2         = GDP
| blank_info_sec2         = [[American dollar|US$]] 48.9&amp;nbsp;billion &lt;ref name=&quot;brookingsgdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global city GDP 2014|publisher=Brookings Institution|accessdate=18 November 2014|archive-date=2013-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106102340/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| blank1_name_sec2        = GDP per capita
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[American dollar|US$]] 12,884&lt;ref name=&quot;brookingsgdp&quot; /&gt;
| website                 = [http://www.durban.gov.za/ www.durban.gov.za]
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Durban''' ({{lang-zu|eThekwini}}, from ''itheku'' meaning 'bay') is the lairgest ceety in the [[Sooth Africae|Sooth African]] province o [[KwaZulu-Natal]] an the third lairgest ceety in the kintra, formin pairt o the [[eThekwini]] [[metropolitan municipality (Sooth Africae)|metropolitan municipality]]. Durban is famous as the busiest [[port]] in Sooth Africae an is an' a' a major centre o [[tourism]] acause o the ceety's warm [[Subtropics|subtropical]] climate an extensive [[beach]]es. The municipality, which includes neighborin touns, haes a population o amaist 3.5&amp;nbsp;million,&lt;ref name=&quot;S.Afr. CS 2007&quot;&gt;[http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03011/P030112007.pdf Statistics South Africa, Community Survey, 2007, Basic Results Municipalities ('''pdf-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825124835/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03011/P030112007.pdf |date=2013-08-25 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-23.&lt;/ref&gt; makin the combined municipality the biggest ceety on the east coast o the [[Africa|African continent]]. The metro's land aurie o 2,292 square kilometers (884.9 sq mi) is comparatively lairger than ither Sooth African ceeties, resultin in a somewha lawer population density o 1,513 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,918.7/sq mi).&lt;ref name=&quot;S.Afr. MunDemBoard&quot;&gt;[http://www.demarcation.org.za/ Municipal Demarcation Board, South Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426025726/http://www.demarcation.org.za/ |date=2009-04-26 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional relations ==
=== Twin touns&amp;nbsp;— Sister ceeties ===
Durban is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref name=&quot;Durban&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/durban/government/igr/idr/sister|title=Sister Cities Home Page|access-date=2011-02-23|archive-date=2012-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011232124/http://www1.durban.gov.za/durban/government/igr/idr/sister|url-status=dead}} eThekwini Online: The Official Site of the City of Durban&lt;/ref&gt;

{| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
* {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Alexandria]], [[Egyp]]
* {{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[Unitit States]]
* {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Leeds]], [[Unitit Kinrick]],
* {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
||
* {{Flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]], [[Cheenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Guangzhou&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|title=Sister  Cities of Guangzhou|publisher=Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2011-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020140927/http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Nantes]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Antwerp]], [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]]
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Bremen]], [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]], [[Germany]]
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
||
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]], [[Réunion|Reunion Island]], [[Fraunce]]

* {{Flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe]]
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], [[Unitit States]]
* {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Oran]], [[Algerie]]
||
* {{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], [[Australie]]
* {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Eilat]], [[Israel]]
* {{Flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]]
* {{Flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Durban| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality]]
[[Category:History o KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:Indie Ocean]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1824]]
[[Category:Populatit places in KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:Port ceeties in Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Sooth Africae]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T16:09:25Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7072" sha1="osfmw4n73i49l1xerplhqaa3uy6yqst" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Durban
| native_name             = {{lang| zu|eThekwini}} {{zu icon}}
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = ZA-Durban-straende.jpg
| photo2a = Durban TownHall.jpg
| photo2b = ZA-Durban-shaka-m-eing.jpg
| photo3a = ICC Durban-20140315.jpg
| spacing = 2
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 295
| foot_montage = Clockwise frae tap left: Durban CBD, Ushaka Marine Warld, [[Suncoast Casino an Entertainment Warld]], [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Inkosi Albert Luthuli Internaitional Convention Centre]] an Durban Ceety Haw.
}}
| coordinates             = {{coord|29|53|S|31|03|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| province                = KwaZulu-Natal
| municipality            = eThekwini
| established_date        = 1880&lt;ref name=established&gt;{{cite web|title=Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)|url=http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf|pages=xlv-lii|access-date=2015-03-29|archive-date=2019-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023732/http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title            = Cooncillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/599054 |title=Main Place Durban |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2020-06-23 |archive-date=2015-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119025354/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/599054 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 225.91
| area_metro_km2          = 2292
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 3720953
| population_as_of        = 2018
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_metro        = 3442361
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_metro_footnotes = &lt;ref name=statssa2011&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1021&amp;id=ethekwini-municipality|title=Ethekwini|publisher=Statistics South Africa |accessdate=2018-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_demonym      = Durbanite&lt;ref name=&quot;McCrackenMcCracken&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Donal P. McCracken|author2=Eileen M. McCracken|title=Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3gQAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Durbanite|publisher=National Botanic Gardens|page=72}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| postal_code             = 4001
| area_code               = [[031 (Sooth Africae Cawin Code)|031]]
| censuscode              = 599054
| blank_name_sec2         = GDP
| blank_info_sec2         = [[American dollar|US$]] 48.9&amp;nbsp;billion &lt;ref name=&quot;brookingsgdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global city GDP 2014|publisher=Brookings Institution|accessdate=18 November 2014|archive-date=2013-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106102340/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| blank1_name_sec2        = GDP per capita
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[American dollar|US$]] 12,884&lt;ref name=&quot;brookingsgdp&quot; /&gt;
| website                 = [http://www.durban.gov.za/ www.durban.gov.za]
}}
'''Durban''' ({{lang-zu|eThekwini}}, from ''itheku'' meaning 'bay') is the lairgest ceety in the [[Sooth Africae|Sooth African]] province o [[KwaZulu-Natal]] an the third lairgest ceety in the kintra, formin pairt o the [[eThekwini]] [[metropolitan municipality (Sooth Africae)|metropolitan municipality]]. Durban is famous as the busiest [[port]] in Sooth Africae an is an' a' a major centre o [[tourism]] acause o the ceety's warm [[Subtropics|subtropical]] climate an extensive [[beach]]es. The municipality, which includes neighborin touns, haes a population o amaist 3.5&amp;nbsp;million,&lt;ref name=&quot;S.Afr. CS 2007&quot;&gt;[http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03011/P030112007.pdf Statistics South Africa, Community Survey, 2007, Basic Results Municipalities ('''pdf-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825124835/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03011/P030112007.pdf |date=2013-08-25 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-23.&lt;/ref&gt; makin the combined municipality the biggest ceety on the east coast o the [[Africa|African continent]]. The metro's land aurie o 2,292 square kilometers (884.9 sq mi) is comparatively lairger than ither Sooth African ceeties, resultin in a somewha lawer population density o 1,513 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,918.7/sq mi).&lt;ref name=&quot;S.Afr. MunDemBoard&quot;&gt;[http://www.demarcation.org.za/ Municipal Demarcation Board, South Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426025726/http://www.demarcation.org.za/ |date=2009-04-26 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional relations ==
=== Twin touns&amp;nbsp;— Sister ceeties ===
Durban is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref name=&quot;Durban&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/durban/government/igr/idr/sister|title=Sister Cities Home Page|access-date=2011-02-23|archive-date=2012-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011232124/http://www1.durban.gov.za/durban/government/igr/idr/sister|url-status=dead}} eThekwini Online: The Official Site of the City of Durban&lt;/ref&gt;

{| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
* {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Alexandria]], [[Egyp]]
* {{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[Unitit States]]
* {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Leeds]], [[Unitit Kinrick]],
* {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
||
* {{Flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]], [[Cheenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Guangzhou&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|title=Sister  Cities of Guangzhou|publisher=Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2011-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020140927/http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Nantes]], [[Fraunce]]
* {{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Antwerp]], [[Flanders]], [[Belgium]]
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Bremen]], [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]], [[Germany]]
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
||
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]], [[Réunion|Reunion Island]], [[Fraunce]]

* {{Flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe]]
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], [[Unitit States]]
* {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Oran]], [[Algerie]]
||
* {{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], [[Australie]]
* {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Eilat]], [[Israel]]
* {{Flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]]
* {{Flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Durban| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality]]
[[Category:History o KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:Indie Ocean]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1824]]
[[Category:Populatit places in KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:Port ceeties in Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Sooth Africae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Atlanta</title>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtins</comment>
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      <text bytes="15599" sha1="3k89bpbxblawaq0nv8ab71yrmdmbgg6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
| name                     = Atlanta
| official_name            = City of Atlanta
| settlement_type          = City
| nickname                 = Hotlanta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&amp;p_theme=at&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1215879443CB5810&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM |title=&quot;Love it or loathe it, the city’s nickname is accurate for the summer&quot;, ‘‘Atlanta Journal-Constitution’’, June 16, 2008 |access-date=2014-01-23 |archive-date=2013-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206010936/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&amp;p_theme=at&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=1215879443CB5810&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ATL,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&amp;p_theme=at&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=111029FE6BC70418&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM |title=“The service, dubbed the Atlanta Tourist Loop as a play on the city’s &quot;ATL&quot; nickname, will start April 29 downtown.” “Buses to link tourist favorites” ‘‘The Atlanta Journal-Constitution’’ |access-date=2014-01-23 |archive-date=2013-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206012203/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&amp;p_theme=at&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=111029FE6BC70418&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The City in a Forest,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/atlanta-may-no-longer-be-the-city-in-a-forest/nDLGr/ &quot;Atlanta May No Longer Be the City in a Forest&quot;, ‘‘WSB-TV’’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028224916/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/atlanta-may-no-longer-be-the-city-in-a-forest/nDLGr/ |date=2014-10-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The A,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://clatl.com/atlanta/because-were-the-only-city-easily-identified-by-just-one-letter/Content?oid=4291994|title=Because we're the only city easily identified by just one letter|work=[[Creative Loafing]]|date=2011-11-23|accessdate=2012-10-07|archive-date=2012-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512230957/http://clatl.com/atlanta/because-were-the-only-city-easily-identified-by-just-one-letter/Content?oid=4291994|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
The Gate City.&lt;ref name=sunnysouth1891&gt;{{cite news|url=http://atlnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/atlnewspapers/view?docId=news%2Fssw1891%2Fssw1891-0021.xml|title=Our Quiz Column|work=Sunny South|page=5|access-date=2014-01-23|archive-date=2014-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204849/http://atlnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/atlnewspapers/view?docId=news%2Fssw1891%2Fssw1891-0021.xml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; (See also [[Nicknames of Atlanta|article]])
| motto                    = ''Resurgens'' (Latin for ''rising again'')
| image_skyline            = View south from the Palomar Hotel, Atlanta GA.jpg
| imagesize                = 300px
| image_caption            = 
| image_flag               = Flag of Atlanta.svg
| flag_size                =
| image_seal               = Seal of Atlanta.png
| seal_size                =
| image_shield             =
| shield_size              =
| image_blank_emblem       =
| blank_emblem_type        =
| blank_emblem_size        =
| image_map                = Fulton County Georgia Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Atlanta Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Ceety heichlichtit in [[Fulton Coonty, Georgia|Fulton Coonty]], location o Fulton Coonty in the [[Georgie (U.S. state)|state o Georgie]]
| image_map1               =
| mapsize1                 =
| map_caption1             =
| image_dot_map            =
| dot_mapsize              =
| dot_map_caption          =
| dot_x                    =
| dot_y                    =
| pushpin_map              = USA
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location o the ceety o Atlanta, Georgie
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
| subdivision_type         = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = Coonties
| subdivision_name         = {{nowrap|{{flag|Unitit States}}}}
| subdivision_name1        = {{flagicon|Georgie (U.S. state)}} [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Fulton Coonty, Georgia|Fulton]], [[DeKalb Coonty, Georgia|DeKalb]]
| government_footnotes     =
| government_type          =
| leader_title             =[[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = [[{{#Property:P6}}]]
| leader_title1            = Bouk
| leader_name1             = [[Atlanta City Council]]
| leader_title2            = 
| leader_name2             =
| leader_title3            =
| leader_name3             =
| leader_title4            =
| leader_name4             =
| established_title        = Terminus
| established_date         = 1837
| established_title2       = Marthasville
| established_date2        = 1843
| established_title3       = City of Atlanta
| established_date3        = 29 Dizember 1845
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| area_magnitude           = 1 E8
| unit_pref                =  Imperial
| area_footnotes           =
| area_total_km2           = 343.0
| area_land_km2            = 341.2
| area_water_km2           = 1.8
| area_total_sq_mi         = 132.4
| area_land_sq_mi          = 131.8
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.6
| area_water_percent       =
| area_urban_km2           =
| area_urban_sq_mi         = 1963
| area_metro_km2           =
| area_metro_sq_mi         = 8376
| area_blank1_title        =
| area_blank1_km2          =
| area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
| population_as_of         = est. 2012
| population_most_beautiful_thing = J B
| population_footnotes     =
| population_note          =
| population_total         = 443,775
| population_density_km2   = 1230.9
| population_metro         = 5,457,831 ([[leet o metropolitan statistical auries|9t]])
| population_density_metro_km2     = 243
| population_urban                 = 4,975,300
| population_density_urban_km2     =
|population_blank1_title        = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]]
|population_blank1              = 6,092,295 ([[Table o Unitit States Combined Statistical Auries|11t]])
| population_blank2_title          = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank2                = Atlantan&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Atlantans&quot; is widely used by both [http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/06/23/focus2.html local media] and [http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/weather/03/17/atlanta.tornado/index.html national media].&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_blank1_km2    =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi  =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone                 = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset               = -5
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST           = -4
| coordinates              = {{coord|33|45|18|N|84|23|24|W|region:US-GA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = &lt;!--for references: use&lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m              = 225 to 320
| elevation_ft             = 738 to 1050
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| area_code                = 404, [[Aurie code 470|470]], [[Aurie code 678|678]], [[Aurie code 770|770]]
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code              = 30060, 30301-30322, 30324-30334, 30336-30350, 30353
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 13-04000{{GR|2}}
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 0351615{{GR|3}}
| website                  = {{url|http://www.atlantaga.gov/}}
| footnotes                =
}}

'''Atlanta''' is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest ceety in the U.S. state o [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]]. In 2010 Atlanta haed a estimatit population o aboot 542,822 fowk. The [[Atlanta metropolitan aurie]], wi mair nor 5.9 million fowk, is the third lairgest in the [[Sootheastren Unitit States]] an the [[table o Unitit States Metropolitan Statistical Auries|nint lairgest in the kintra]]. The [[table o Unitit States Combined Statistical Auries|Atlanta Combined Statistical Aurie]], a lairger trade aurie, haes a population approachin sax million an is the lairgest in the sootheast. Lik mony urban auries in the [[Sun Belt]], the Atlanta region haes seen increasin growthe syne the 1970s, an it addit aboot 1.1 million residents atween 2000 an 2008.

Atlanta is conseedered tae be a tap business ceety an is a primar transportation hub o the Sootheastren Unitit States—via [[heich-gate]], [[railwey]], an [[air transportation|air]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/company-locations-facilities/6399916-1.html |title=Top Industry Publications Rank Atlanta as a LeadingCity for Business. &amp;#124; North America &gt; United States from |publisher=AllBusiness.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-05 |archive-date=2009-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419091606/http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/company-locations-facilities/6399916-1.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.business.gov/states/georgia/local/atlanta.html |title=Doing Business in Atlanta, Georgia |publisher=Business.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-05 |archive-date=2010-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402084413/http://www.business.gov/states/georgia/local/atlanta.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atlanta conteens the warld heidquairters o corporations such as [[The Coca-Cola Company]], [[The Home Depot]], [[AT&amp;T Mobility]], [[United Parcel Service|UPS]], [[Delta Air Lines]], an [[Turner Broadcasting]]. Atlanta haes the kintra's fowert-lairgest concentration o [[Fortune 500]] companies, an mair nor 75 percent o [[Fortune 1000]] companies hae business operations in the metropolitan aurie, helpin Atlanta realize a [[gross metropolitan product]] o US$270 billion, accoontin for mair nor twa-thirds o Georgie's economy. [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport]] haes been the [[warld's busiest airport]] syne 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.atlanta-airport.com/docs/Traffic/200812.pdf |title=MONTHLY AIRPORT TRAFFIC REPORT |author= |date=December 2008 |publisher=[[Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport]] |accessdate=13 December 2010 |archive-date=2009-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304021243/http://www.atlanta-airport.com/docs/Traffic/200812.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/03/10/daily44.html | title=DOT: Hartsfield-Jackson busiest airport, Delta had 3rd-most passengers | date=2008-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Atlanta is the [[coonty seat]] o [[Fulton Coonty, Georgie|Fulton Coonty]] an the location o the [[seat o govrenment]] o the [[Georgie (U.S. state)|state o Georgie]]. A smaw portion o the ceety o Atlanta corporate leemits stends eastwairds intae [[DeKalb Coonty, GA|DeKalb Coonty]]. Residents o Atlanta an its surroondins are kent as &quot;Atlantans&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The term &quot;Atlantans&quot; is widely uised bi baith [http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/06/23/focus2.html local media] an [http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/weather/03/17/atlanta.tornado/index.html naitional media].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sister ceeties ==
{{See also|Leet o sister ceeties in the Unitit States}}

Atlanta haes 22 [[twin touns an sister ceeties|sister ceeties]], as designatit bi [[Sister Cities International]], Inc. (SCI):&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.atlantaga.gov/index.aspx?page=645| title=Atlanta Sister Cities Commission| publisher=City of Atlanta| accessdate=February 18, 2013| archive-date=2015-10-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030182053/http://www.atlantaga.gov/index.aspx?page=645| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] (1967)
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Salzburg]], [[Austrick]] (1967)
*{{flagicon|JAM}} [[Montego Bay]], [[Jamaica]] (1972)
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] (1972)
*{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Lagos]], [[Nigerie]] (1974)
*{{flagicon|ROC}} [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] (1974)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Toulouse]], [[Fraunce]] (1974)
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] (1977)
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Daegu]], [[Sooth Korea]] (1981)
*{{flagicon|TRI}} [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad an Tobago]] (1987)
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]] (1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;Tbilisi Sister Cities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&amp;sec_id=4571|title=Tbilisi Sister Cities|accessdate=2013-08-05|work=[http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/ Tbilisi City Hall]|publisher=Tbilisi Municipal Portal|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724120155/http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&amp;sec_id=4571|archivedate=2013-07-24}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&amp;sec_id=4571 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-23 |archive-date=2013-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724120155/http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&amp;sec_id=4571 |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
*{{flagicon|ERI}} [[Asmara]], Eritrea (1993)
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Olympia, Greece|Auncient Olympia]], [[Greece]] (1994)
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] (1994)
*{{flagicon|BEN}} [[Cotonou]], [[Benin]] (1995)
*{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Salcedo, Hermanas Mirabal|Salcedo]], [[Dominican Republic]] (1996)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Nuremberg|Nuremberg (Nürnberg)]], [[Bavarie]], [[Germany]] (1998)
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Pekanbaru]], [[Indonesie]] (1999)
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ra'anana]], [[Israel]] (2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ra’anana&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.raanana.muni.il/English/Topics/My+City/Sister+Cities/|title=Ra’anana:   Twin towns &amp; Sister cities – Friends around the World|work=raanana.muni.il|accessdate=March 24, 2010|archive-date=2010-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430004649/http://www.raanana.muni.il/English/Topics/My%2BCity/Sister%2BCities/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Yokneam|Yoqne'am]], Israel (2000)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], [[Japan]] (2005)
*{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Kumasi]], Ghana (2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumasi Sister Cities&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Politics/KMA-establishes-sister-city-relations-with-seven-cities/?ci=2&amp;ai=14045 |title=KMA establishes sister-city relations with seven cities |publisher=2010 – [[Ghana News Agency]] |accessdate=July 16, 2012 |archive-date=2013-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211115016/http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Politics/KMA-establishes-sister-city-relations-with-seven-cities/?ci=2&amp;ai=14045 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Atlanta, Georgia}}

[[Category:Atlanta| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Georgie (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Ceeties in DeKalb Coonty, Georgie]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Fulton Coonty, Georgie]]
[[Category:Ceeties in the Atlanta metropolitan aurie]]
[[Category:Coonty seats in Georgie (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1845]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Philadelphia</title>
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      <text bytes="9504" sha1="0pow89leo09yn7im3d74jeawtfhq0pc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Philadelphia
|official_name            = City of Philadelphia
|settlement_type          = [[Consolidatit ceety-coonty]]
|image_skyline            = Philadelphia Montage by Jleon 0310.jpg
|imagesize                = 325px
|image_caption            = Frae top left, the Philadelphia skyline, a [[Girard Fountain Park|statue of Benjamin Franklin]], the [[Liberty Bell]], the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], [[Philadelphia City Hall]], an [[Independence Hall]]
|nickname                 = &quot;Philly&quot;, &quot;City of Brotherly Love&quot;, &quot;The City that Loves you Back&quot;, &quot;Cradle of Liberty&quot;, &quot;The Quaker City&quot;, &quot;The Birthplace of America&quot;, &quot;The City of Neighborhoods&quot;
|motto                    = &quot;Philadelphia maneto&quot; (&quot;Let brotherly love endure&quot;)
|Founded by               = William Penn
|image_flag               = Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg
|image_seal               = Seal of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg
|image_map                = Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Philadelphia County.svg
|pushpin_map              = USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location in the Unitit States
|pushpin_label_position   = left
|subdivision_type         = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[Poleetical diveesions o the Unitit States|Commonwealth]]
|subdivision_type4        = [[Leet o coonties in Pennsylvanie|Coonty]]
|subdivision_name         = [[Unitit States]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Pennsylvanie]]
|subdivision_name4        = [[Philadelphia Coonty, Pennsylvanie|Philadelphia]]
|subdivision_type1        = 
|subdivision_name1        = 
|subdivision_type3        = [[Colony|Historic Colony]]
|subdivision_name3        = [[Province o Pennsylvanie]]
|government_type          = [[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Mayor–Cooncil]]
|governing_body           = [[Philadelphia City Council]]
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = [[Michael Nutter]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
|established_title        = Foondit
|established_title1       = [[Municipal Corporation|Incorporatit]]
|established_date         = October 27, 1682
|established_date1        = October 25, 1701
|area_magnitude           = 1 E8
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_total_sq_mi         = 141.6
|area_land_sq_mi          = 134.1&lt;ref&gt;Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits.&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_land_km2            = 347.3
|area_total_mi2           = 366.7
|area_water_sq_mi         = 7.5
|area_water_km2           = 19.4
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 1799.5
|area_urban_km2           = 4660.5
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 4629
|area_metro_km2           = 11988.6
|population_as_of         = [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2013]]
|population_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;2013 Pop Estimate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=June 11, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total         = 1,553,165
|population_rank          = US: [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|5t]]
|population_metro         = 6,034,678 (US: 6t)
|population_urban         = 5,441,567 (US: [[Leet o Unitit States urban auries|5t]])
|population_density_km2   = 4,393.8
|population_density_sq_mi = 11,379.6
|population_blank1_title  = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]]
|population_blank1        = 7,146,706 (US: 8th)
|population_blank2_title  = [[Demonym]]
|population_blank2        = Philadelphian
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|postal_code_type         = ZIP code
|postal_code              = 191xx
|area_code                = [[Aurie code 215|215]], [[Aurie code 267|267]]
|coordinates              = {{coord|39|57|N|75|10|W|region:US-PA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m              = 12
|elevation_ft             = 39
|website                  = [http://www.phila.gov www.phila.gov]
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Philadelphia''' ({{pronEng|ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə}}) is the lairgest [[ceety]] in [[Pennsylvanie]], [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|saxt-maist-populous]] ceety in the [[Unitit States]] an the fifty-first maist populous ceety in the warld.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Principal Agglomerations of the World&quot;&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html] Retrieved on September 20, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2008, the population o the ceety proper wis estimatit tae be mair nor 1.54 million,&lt;ref name=&quot;population&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20091205190529/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/homepage/20091202_Hey__Philly__You_re_bigger_.html philly.com] Retrieved on December 18, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; whiles the {{nowrap|[[Delaware Valley|Greater Philadelphia]]}} [[metropolitan aurie]]'s population o 5.8 million makkit it the kintra's fift lairgest. The ceety, that lies aboot 80 mile (130&amp;nbsp;km) soothwast o [[New York Ceety]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/US_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=New%20York%20City%20(The%20Bronx,New%20York)&amp;toplace=Philadelphia%20(Philadelphia%20County,Pennsylvania)&amp;fromlat=40.7142691&amp;tolat=39.952335&amp;fromlng=-74.0059729&amp;tolng=-75.163789 |title=Distance between New York City (The Bronx,New York) and Philadelphia (Philadelphia County,Pennsylvania) (US) |publisher=Globefeed.com |accessdate=2010-12-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; is the naition's fowert-lairgest urban aurie bi population an its fowert-lairgest consumer [[media mercat]], as ranked bi the [[Nielsen Media Research]].

It is the coonty seat o [[Philadelphia Coonty]], wi whilk it is coterminous. Popular eiknames for Philadelphia include ''Philly'' an ''The Ceety o Britherly Luve'', frae the literal meanin o the ceety's name in Greek ({{lang-el|Φιλαδέλφεια}} ({{IPA-el|pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa|}}, {{IPA-el|filaˈðelfia|mod}}) &quot;britherly luve&quot;, compundit frae ''philos'' (φίλος) &quot;luve&quot;, an ''adelphos'' (ἀδελφός) &quot;brither&quot;).

A commercial, eddicational, an cultural centre, Philadelphia wis ance the seicont-lairgest ceety in the [[Breetish Empire]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www3.nationalgeographic.com/places/cities/city_philadelphia.html
  |title=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  |accessdate=September 21, 2007
  |work=People and Places
  |publisher=National Geographic
  |archive-date=2008-06-11
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033748/http://www3.nationalgeographic.com/places/cities/city_philadelphia.html
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt; (after [[Lunnon]]), an the social an geographical centre o the [[13 Colonies|oreeginal 13 American colonies]].
It wis a centrepiece o early American history, host tae mony o the ideas an actions that gied birth tae the [[American Revolution]] an [[Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom|independence]]. It wis the maist populous ceety o the young Unitit States, although bi the [[1790 Unitit States Census|first census]] in 1790, New York Ceety haed owertaen it. Philadelphia served as ane o the naition's [[Leet o caipitals in the Unitit States|mony caipitals]] durin the Revolutionary War an efter. Efter the ratification o the [[Unitit States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]], the ceety served as the temporary naitional caipital frae 1790 tae 1800 whiles [[Washington, D.C.]] wis unner construction.

Philadelphia is central tae [[African American]] history; its lairge black population predates the [[Great Migration]].

== Sister ceeties ==
Philadelphia haes ten [[twin touns an sister ceeties|sister ceeties]], as designatit bi the [http://www.ivc.org/sister_cities International Visitors Council of Philadelphia (IVC)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223202448/http://www.ivc.org/sister_cities |date=2010-12-23 }}:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.phila.gov/commerce/comm/lvl_2/mbat_trade_diplomacy.htm |title=Department of Commerce |publisher=Phila.gov |date= |accessdate=2009-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
|
* {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Florence]], [[Italy]] (1964)
* {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] (1966)
* {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Toruń]], [[Poland]] (1976)
* {{Flagicon|China}} [[Tianjin]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] (1980)
* {{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon]], [[Sooth Korea]] (1984)
||
* {{Flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Douala]], [[Cameroon]] (1986)
* {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe]], [[Japan]] (1986)
* {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Roushie]] (1992)
* {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Abruzzo]], Italy (1997)
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Fraunce]] (1999)
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}}

[[Category:Ceeties in Pennsylvanie]]
[[Category:Greek loanwirds]]
[[Category:Philadelphia| ]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1682]]
[[Category:Umwhile caipitals o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]]
[[Category:Umwhile Unitit States state caipitals|Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Unitit States Atlantic coast]]
[[Category:Planned ceeties in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:1682 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Consolidatit ceety-coonties in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Coonty seats in Pennsylvanie]]


{{Stub/USA}}
{{Stub/Ceity}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leicester</title>
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      <text bytes="11203" sha1="09phsh8p3azfiqvk1e8l8luwr9tdh97" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at zSettlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
|name = Leicester
|official_name =
|other_name =
City of Leicester|native_name = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|settlement_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] an [[Unitar authorities o Ingland|unitar authority aurie]]
|nickname =
|motto =''Semper Eadem'' {Constant/Always the Same//&quot;'the Eternal Urbs'&quot;}
&lt;!-- images and maps -----------&gt;
|image_skyline = Leicester landmarks montage.jpg
|imagesize = 280px
|image_caption = Leicester landmarks: (clockwise frae top-left) [[Jewry Wall]], [[National Space Centre]], [[Arch of Remembrance]], [[Leicester City Centre|Central Leicester]], [[Curve (theatre)|Curve theatre]], [[Leicester Cathedral]] an [[Leicester Guildhall|Guildhall]], [[Welford Road Stadium]], [[Leicester Market]]
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield = Leicester CoA.png
|shield_link =
|shield_size = 150px
|image_map = Leicester UK locator map.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location athin Leicestershire an Ingland
|pushpin_map = &lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position = &lt;!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type = Sovereign state
|subdivision_name = {{Flagcountry|Unitit Kinrick}}
|subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|[[Constituent kintra]]}}
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ingland]]
|subdivision_type2 = Region
|subdivision_name2 = [[East Midlands]]
|subdivision_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial coonty]]}}
|subdivision_name3 =[[Leicestershire]]
|subdivision_type4 = Admin HQ
|subdivision_name4 = City Hall&lt;br/&gt;115 Charles St&lt;br/&gt;Leicester&lt;br/&gt;LE1 1FZ
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =[[Unitar authority]], [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]]
|leader_title = Lord Mayor
|leader_name = Ted Cassidy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Ted-Cassidy-takes-chains-Leicester-s-new/story-26547994-detail/story.html|title=Ted Cassidy takes the chains as Leicester's new ceremonial lord mayor|work=Leicester Mercury|author=Dan J Martin|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=11 May 2015|archive-date=2015-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522014949/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Ted-Cassidy-takes-chains-Leicester-s-new/story-26547994-detail/story.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title1 =Ceety Mayor
|leader_name1 =[[Peter Soulsby]]
|leader_title2 =Leadership
|leader_name2 = Electit mayor an cabinet
|leader_title3 =Unitar authority
|leader_name3 =[[Leicester City Council]]
|leader_title4 =Leet o MPs
|leader_name4 ={{Collapsible list
|title = Leet o MPs
|1 = [[Jon Ashworth]] ([[Leicester South]])
|2 = [[Liz Kendall]] ([[Leicester West]])
|3 = [[Keith Vaz]] ([[Leicester East]])}}
|twin1                  ={{flagicon|FRA}} – [[Strasbourg]]
|twin1_country          =Fraunce (syne 1960)
|twin2                  ={{flagicon|GER}} – [[Krefeld]]
|twin2_country          =Germany (syne 1969)
|twin3                  ={{flagicon|NCA}} – [[Masaya]]
|twin3_country          =[[Nicaragua]] (syne 1987)
|twin4                  ={{flagicon|PRC}} – [[Chongqing]]
|twin4_country          =Cheenae (syne 1993)
|twin5                  ={{flagicon|IND}} – [[Rajkot]]
|twin5_country          =[[Indie]] (syne 1996)
|twin6                  ={{flagicon|BUL}} – [[Haskovo]]
|twin6_country          =[[Bulgarie]] (syne 2008)
|established_title = Encastellation o pre-existin cælto-mercian inhabitit centrality
|established_date = [[Anno Domini|AD]]&amp;nbsp;c.47&lt;br&gt; &lt;small&gt;as [[Ratae Corieltauvorum]] bi the Romans&lt;/small&gt;
|established_title2 = Ceety Status
|established_date2 = restored 1919
|established_title3 =
|established_date3 =
&lt;!-- Area ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude = 1 E7
|unit_pref = &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 73.32&lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2 = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of ={{English statistics year}}  
|population_footnotes =

|population_note = 
|population_total ={{English district population|GSS=E06000016}} ([[Leet o Inglis destricts bi population|Rankit {{English district rank|GSS=E06000016}}]]) 
|population_density_km2 = 4,605
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro = 836,484&lt;ref name=&quot;epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/city_urban/data_cities/database_sub1 |title=Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - larger urban zone |accessdate=19 September 2014 |archive-date=2013-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124191101/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/city_urban/data_cities/database_sub1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban = 509,000 
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =
|population_blank1 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
|population_blank2_title =Ethnicity &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(United Kingdom Census 2011 Figures)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ons.gov.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales |publisher=ONS |accessdate=12 December 2012 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040443/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls%20 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_blank2_km2 =
|population_density_blank2_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt;
|timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
|utc_offset = +0
|timezone_DST =[[Breetish Simmer Time]]
|utc_offset_DST =+1
|coordinates = {{coord|52|38|N|1|08|W|region:GB|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = &lt;!--for references: use tags--&gt;
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type=Postcode
|postal_code = [[LE postcode aurie|LE]]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;'...&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; :&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; (LE1-5); [LE8-9,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE18-19]; {LE6-LE7,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt;LE10,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE17,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE12&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; partial&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &amp;&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE67}  &lt;br/&gt;(urban);[metropolitan];{city-regional}
|area_code_type = [[Leet o diallin codes in the Unitit Kinrick|Diallin code]]
|area_code = 0116
|blank_name =[[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|Grid Ref.]]
|blank_info ={{gbmappingsmall|SK584044}}
|blank1_name =[[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
|blank1_info =00FN (ONS)&lt;br/&gt;E06000016 (GSS)
|blank2_name =[[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]
|blank2_info =GB-LCE
|blank3_name =[[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3
|blank3_info =UKF21
|blank4_name =Distance tae London
|blank4_info ={{convert|102.8|mi|km|abbr=on}}
| blank5_name = Ethnicity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(2011 Census) &lt;ref name=2011censusdemo&gt;[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls &quot;2011 Census: Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |date=2016-01-05 }}. [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]. Retrieved 25 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/small&gt;
 | blank5_info = {{Plainlist|
* 50.5% White (45.1% White Breetish)
* 37.1% Asie
* 6.2% Black 
* 3.5% Mixed Race
* 2.6% Ither
}}
|website ={{URL|http://www.leicester.gov.uk/}}
|footnotes =
}}
 	
'''Leicester''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Leicester.ogg|ˈ|l|ɛ|s|t|ər}} {{respell|LESS|tər}},&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/leicester Leicester]&quot;, ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 28 August 2015&lt;/ref&gt; [[East Midlands Inglis|but aften locally]] {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|s|t|ɒ}}) is a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]] an [[Unitar authorities o Ingland|unitar authority aurie]] in the [[East Midlands]] o [[Ingland]], an the [[coonty toun]] o [[Leicestershire]]. The ceety lees on the [[River Soar]] an at the edge o the [[National Forest, Ingland|National Forest]].

In the 2011 census the population o the City of Leicester [[unitar authority]] wis c.330,000 makkin it the maist populous municipality in the East Midlands region. The associatit [[Urban aurie#Unitit Kinrick|urban aurie]] is the 11t lairgest bi population in Ingland an aw an the 13t lairgest in [[Leet o urban auries in the Unitit Kinrick|the Unitit Kinrick]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=United Kingdom: Urban Areas|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/UK-UA.html|website=Citypopulation.de|accessdate=20 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Leicester is at the intersection o the north/sooth [[Midland Main Line]] an east/wast Birmingham/Leicester/Cambridge [[CrossCountry]] railwey lines an the confluence o the [[M1 motorway|M1]]/[[M69 motorway]]s an the [[A6 road|A6]]/[[A46 road|A46]] trunk routes.

== Etymologie ==
The name &quot;Leicester&quot; is thocht tae derive frae the wirds [[castra]] o the &quot;Ligore&quot;, meanin a camp on the River Legro, an early name for the River Soar. Leicester appears in the ''[[Domesday Book]]'' as &quot;Ledecestre&quot;. Leicester continued tae grow throuoot the [[Early Modren Breetain|Early Modren period]] as a [[mercat toun]], awtho it wis the [[Industrial Revolution]] that facilitatit an unparalleled process o unplanned urbanisation in the aurie.

== Sister ceeties ==
Leicester haes a nummer o twin/sister ceties,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/twinning/|title=Twinning|publisher=Leicester City council|accessdate=5 February 2010|archive-date=2010-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002090459/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/twinning/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; thir are:
* [[Strasbourg]] (Fraunce),
* [[Krefeld]] (Germany),
* [[Haskovo]] (Bulgarie),
* [[Masaya]] (Nicaragua),
* [[Rajkot]] (Indie) an
* [[Chongqing]] (Cheenae)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}
{{UK ceeties}}

{{Coord|52|38|N|1|8|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(SK584044)|display=title}}

[[Category:Leicester|*]]
[[Category:Local govrenment in Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Unitar authority destricts o Ingland]]
[[Category:50 establishments]]
[[Category:Ceeties in the East Midlands]]
[[Category:Coonty touns in Ingland]]
[[Category:Local govrenment destricts o the East Midlands]]</text>
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      <id>921493</id>
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      <text bytes="9476" sha1="4kner4rupgt042q3uszlg0uakf6huie" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name = Leicester
|other_name =
City of Leicester
|settlement_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] an [[Unitar authorities o Ingland|unitar authority aurie]]
|motto =''Semper Eadem'' {Constant/Always the Same//&quot;'the Eternal Urbs'&quot;}
|image_skyline = Leicester landmarks montage.jpg
|imagesize = 280px
|image_caption = Leicester landmarks: (clockwise frae top-left) [[Jewry Wall]], [[National Space Centre]], [[Arch of Remembrance]], [[Leicester City Centre|Central Leicester]], [[Curve (theatre)|Curve theatre]], [[Leicester Cathedral]] an [[Leicester Guildhall|Guildhall]], [[Welford Road Stadium]], [[Leicester Market]]
|image_shield = Leicester CoA.png
|shield_size = 150px
|image_map = Leicester UK locator map.svg
|map_caption = Location athin Leicestershire an Ingland
|subdivision_type = Sovereign state
|subdivision_name = {{Flagcountry|Unitit Kinrick}}
|subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|[[Constituent kintra]]}}
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ingland]]
|subdivision_type2 = Region
|subdivision_name2 = [[East Midlands]]
|subdivision_type3 = {{nowrap|[[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial coonty]]}}
|subdivision_name3 =[[Leicestershire]]
|subdivision_type4 = Admin HQ
|subdivision_name4 = City Hall&lt;br/&gt;115 Charles St&lt;br/&gt;Leicester&lt;br/&gt;LE1 1FZ
|government_type =[[Unitar authority]], [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]]
|leader_title = Lord Mayor
|leader_name = Ted Cassidy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Ted-Cassidy-takes-chains-Leicester-s-new/story-26547994-detail/story.html|title=Ted Cassidy takes the chains as Leicester's new ceremonial lord mayor|work=Leicester Mercury|author=Dan J Martin|date=21 May 2015|accessdate=11 May 2015|archive-date=2015-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522014949/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Ted-Cassidy-takes-chains-Leicester-s-new/story-26547994-detail/story.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title1 =Ceety Mayor
|leader_name1 =[[Peter Soulsby]]
|leader_title2 =Leadership
|leader_name2 = Electit mayor an cabinet
|leader_title3 =Unitar authority
|leader_name3 =[[Leicester City Council]]
|leader_title4 =Leet o MPs
|leader_name4 ={{Collapsible list
|title = Leet o MPs
|1 = [[Jon Ashworth]] ([[Leicester South]])
|2 = [[Liz Kendall]] ([[Leicester West]])
|3 = [[Keith Vaz]] ([[Leicester East]])}}
|twin1                  ={{flagicon|FRA}} – [[Strasbourg]]
|twin1_country          =Fraunce (syne 1960)
|twin2                  ={{flagicon|GER}} – [[Krefeld]]
|twin2_country          =Germany (syne 1969)
|twin3                  ={{flagicon|NCA}} – [[Masaya]]
|twin3_country          =[[Nicaragua]] (syne 1987)
|twin4                  ={{flagicon|PRC}} – [[Chongqing]]
|twin4_country          =Cheenae (syne 1993)
|twin5                  ={{flagicon|IND}} – [[Rajkot]]
|twin5_country          =[[Indie]] (syne 1996)
|twin6                  ={{flagicon|BUL}} – [[Haskovo]]
|twin6_country          =[[Bulgarie]] (syne 2008)
|established_title = Encastellation o pre-existin cælto-mercian inhabitit centrality
|established_date = [[Anno Domini|AD]]&amp;nbsp;c.47&lt;br&gt; &lt;small&gt;as [[Ratae Corieltauvorum]] bi the Romans&lt;/small&gt;
|established_title2 = Ceety Status
|established_date2 = restored 1919
|area_magnitude = 1 E7
|area_total_km2 = 73.32
|population_as_of ={{English statistics year}}  
|population_total ={{English district population|GSS=E06000016}} ([[Leet o Inglis destricts bi population|Rankit {{English district rank|GSS=E06000016}}]]) 
|population_density_km2 = 4,605
|population_metro = 836,484&lt;ref name=&quot;epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/city_urban/data_cities/database_sub1 |title=Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - larger urban zone |accessdate=19 September 2014 |archive-date=2013-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124191101/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/city_urban/data_cities/database_sub1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|population_urban = 509,000 
|population_blank2_title =Ethnicity &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(United Kingdom Census 2011 Figures)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ons.gov.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales |publisher=ONS |accessdate=12 December 2012 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040443/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls%20 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_blank2_km2 =
|population_density_blank2_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt;
|timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
|utc_offset = +0
|timezone_DST =[[Breetish Simmer Time]]
|utc_offset_DST =+1
|coordinates = {{coord|52|38|N|1|08|W|region:GB|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type=Postcode
|postal_code = [[LE postcode aurie|LE]]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;'...&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; :&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; (LE1-5); [LE8-9,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE18-19]; {LE6-LE7,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt;LE10,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE17,&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE12&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; partial&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; &amp;&lt;small&gt; &lt;/small&gt; LE67}  &lt;br/&gt;(urban);[metropolitan];{city-regional}
|area_code_type = [[Leet o diallin codes in the Unitit Kinrick|Diallin code]]
|area_code = 0116
|blank_name =[[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|Grid Ref.]]
|blank_info ={{gbmappingsmall|SK584044}}
|blank1_name =[[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
|blank1_info =00FN (ONS)&lt;br/&gt;E06000016 (GSS)
|blank2_name =[[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]
|blank2_info =GB-LCE
|blank3_name =[[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3
|blank3_info =UKF21
|blank4_name =Distance tae London
|blank4_info ={{convert|102.8|mi|km|abbr=on}}
| blank5_name = Ethnicity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(2011 Census) &lt;ref name=2011censusdemo&gt;[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls &quot;2011 Census: Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |date=2016-01-05 }}. [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]. Retrieved 25 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/small&gt;
 | blank5_info = {{Plainlist|
* 50.5% White (45.1% White Breetish)
* 37.1% Asie
* 6.2% Black 
* 3.5% Mixed Race
* 2.6% Ither
}}
|website ={{URL|http://www.leicester.gov.uk/}}
}}
 	
'''Leicester''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Leicester.ogg|ˈ|l|ɛ|s|t|ər}} {{respell|LESS|tər}},&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/leicester Leicester]&quot;, ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 28 August 2015&lt;/ref&gt; [[East Midlands Inglis|but aften locally]] {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|s|t|ɒ}}) is a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]] an [[Unitar authorities o Ingland|unitar authority aurie]] in the [[East Midlands]] o [[Ingland]], an the [[coonty toun]] o [[Leicestershire]]. The ceety lees on the [[River Soar]] an at the edge o the [[National Forest, Ingland|National Forest]].

In the 2011 census the population o the City of Leicester [[unitar authority]] wis c.330,000 makkin it the maist populous municipality in the East Midlands region. The associatit [[Urban aurie#Unitit Kinrick|urban aurie]] is the 11t lairgest bi population in Ingland an aw an the 13t lairgest in [[Leet o urban auries in the Unitit Kinrick|the Unitit Kinrick]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=United Kingdom: Urban Areas|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/UK-UA.html|website=Citypopulation.de|accessdate=20 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Leicester is at the intersection o the north/sooth [[Midland Main Line]] an east/wast Birmingham/Leicester/Cambridge [[CrossCountry]] railwey lines an the confluence o the [[M1 motorway|M1]]/[[M69 motorway]]s an the [[A6 road|A6]]/[[A46 road|A46]] trunk routes.

== Etymologie ==
The name &quot;Leicester&quot; is thocht tae derive frae the wirds [[castra]] o the &quot;Ligore&quot;, meanin a camp on the River Legro, an early name for the River Soar. Leicester appears in the ''[[Domesday Book]]'' as &quot;Ledecestre&quot;. Leicester continued tae grow throuoot the [[Early Modren Breetain|Early Modren period]] as a [[mercat toun]], awtho it wis the [[Industrial Revolution]] that facilitatit an unparalleled process o unplanned urbanisation in the aurie.

== Sister ceeties ==
Leicester haes a nummer o twin/sister ceties,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/twinning/|title=Twinning|publisher=Leicester City council|accessdate=5 February 2010|archive-date=2010-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002090459/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/twinning/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; thir are:
* [[Strasbourg]] (Fraunce),
* [[Krefeld]] (Germany),
* [[Haskovo]] (Bulgarie),
* [[Masaya]] (Nicaragua),
* [[Rajkot]] (Indie) an
* [[Chongqing]] (Cheenae)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}
{{UK ceeties}}

{{Coord|52|38|N|1|8|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(SK584044)|display=title}}

[[Category:Leicester|*]]
[[Category:Local govrenment in Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Unitar authority destricts o Ingland]]
[[Category:50 establishments]]
[[Category:Ceeties in the East Midlands]]
[[Category:Coonty touns in Ingland]]
[[Category:Local govrenment destricts o the East Midlands]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dnipro</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7705" sha1="n1wmp7z2ateowbdsgc6wh5vksudp6ip" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Dnipro (Дніпро)
|nickname               = Dnipro
|image_skyline          = Dnipropetrowsk.jpg
|imagesize              = 250px
|image_caption          = Skyline o Dnipro
|image_flag             = Флаг Днепропетровска 2.png
|image_shield           = Coat of arms of Dnipropetrovsk.png
|nickname               =
|motto                  =
|image_map              = 
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Map o Ukraine wi Dnipro heichlichtit
|pushpin_map            = Ukraine#Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{UKR}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Oblast]]
|subdivision_name1      = {{flag|Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}
|subdivision_type2      = [[Raion]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Dnipro Raion]]
|parts_type             = [[#Govrenment an admeenistrative diveesions|Raions]]
|parts_style            = &lt;!-- Use &quot;list&quot; (for list), &quot;coll&quot; (for collapsed list), &quot;para&quot; (for paragraph format). Default is &quot;list&quot; if up to 5 items, then--&gt;
|parts                  = 8
|p1                     = Amur-Nyzhnodniprovskyi Raion
|p2                     = Shevchenkivskyi Raion
|p3                     = Sonornyi Raion
|p4                     = Industrialnyi Raion
|p5                     = Tsentralnyi Raion
|p6                     = Chechelivskyi Raion
|p7                     = Novokodatskyi Raion
|p8                     = Samarskyi Raion
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1526&lt;ref name=y1526&gt;[https://dniprorada.gov.ua/uk/articles/item/84723/rujnuvannya-imperskih-ta-radyanskih-mifologem-dovedenu-istorikami-spravzhnyu-datu-zasnuvannya-dnipra-oficijno-vnesli-do-statutu-mista-ce-1526-rik Руйнування імперських та радянських міфологем. Доведену істориками справжню дату заснування Дніпра офіційно внесли до Статуту міста — це 1526 рік]. Dnipro City Council&lt;/ref&gt;
|established_title1     =
|established_date1      =
|leader_title           = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name            = Borys Albertovych Filatov
|area_magnitude         =
|area_total_km2         = 405
|area_land_km2          =
|area_water_km2         =
|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 1,001,612
|population_footnotes   =&lt;ref name=Statistics_1_July_2011&gt;[http://www.dneprstat.gov.ua/statinfo/ds/2011/ds1_m07.htm ''Dnipro region, statistics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020090115/http://www.dneprstat.gov.ua/statinfo/ds/2011/ds1_m07.htm |date=2013-10-20 }} {{uk icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_metro       =
|population_density_km2 = 2486
|coordinates            = {{coord|48|27|0|N|34|59|0|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m            = 155
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal code]]
|postal_code            = 49000
|area_code              = +380 56(2)
|blank_name             = [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|Sister ceeties]]
|blank_info             = &lt;small&gt;[[Vilnius]], [[Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario|Durham Region]], [[Samara, Roushie|Samara]], [[Tashkent]], [[Xi'an]], [[Herzliya]], [[Žilina]], [[Saloniki]], [[Wałbrzych]]&lt;/small&gt;
|website                = [http://www.gorod.dp.ua/index.php?language=ua gorod.dp.ua]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Dnipro''' ({{lang-uk|Дніпро}} {{IPA-uk|dnʲipro|}}) or '''Dnepr''' ({{lang-ru|Днепр}}) formerly ''Yekaterinoslav'' ({{lang-ru|Екатеринослав}}, {{lang-uk|Катеринослав}}, [[Romanization of Ukrainian|translit.]] ''Katerynoslav'', an aa ''Catharinoslav'' on auld maps&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.arhivtime.ru/karta/karta_arhiv/image_arhiv/01/1820.jpg English map of 1820]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;) is [[Ukraine]]'s third lairgest [[ceety]] wi 1.1 million indwallers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/ Ukrcensus.gov.ua — City] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109012020/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/ |date=2006-01-09 }} URL accessed on 8 March 2007&lt;/ref&gt; It is locatit sootheast o Ukraine's caipital [[Kiev]] on the [[Dnieper River]], in the sooth-central region o the kintra. Dnipro is the [[Caipital ceety|admeenistrative center]] o the [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] ([[oblast|province]]).

Athin the Dnipro metropolitan aurie thare are 1,860,000 fowk (2001).&lt;ref&gt;[[:uk:Дніпровська агломерація|uk.wikipedia.org]] URL accessed on 19 August 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

A vital industrial centre o Ukraine, Dnipro wis ane o the key centers o the [[Nuclear pouer|nuclear]], [[Airms industry|airms]], an [[Soviet space program|space]] industries o the umwhile [[Soviet Union]]. In pairticular, it is hame tae [[Yuzhmash]], a major space an [[ballistic missile]] designer an manufacturer. Acause o its military industry, the ceety wis a [[closed ceety]]&lt;ref&gt;A [[closed ceety]] does no allou foreigners inside athoot offeecial permission.&lt;/ref&gt; til the 1990s.

Dnipro haes a heichlie-developit [[public transport|public transportation seestem]], includin the [[Dnipro Metro]], which consists o ane metro line wi a tot o 6 stations.

== Twin touns — Sister ceeties ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Ukraine}}
The ceety o Dnipro is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Dalian]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]]
*{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], Azerbaijan&lt;ref name=&quot;Azerbaijan twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html|title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan|accessdate=2013-08-09|work=Azerbaijans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Herzliya]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Krasnoyarsk]], [[Roushie]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Samara, Roushie|Samara]], Roushie. syne 25 Mey 1993
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Szczecin]], Poland&lt;ref name=&quot;Szczecin twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/UMSzczecinBIP/chapter_11296.asp|title=Kontakty partnerskie Miasta Szczecin|accessdate=2013-07-29|work=Urząd Miasta Szczecin|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818001351/http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/umszczecinbip/chapter_11296.asp|archivedate=2012-08-18|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
||
*{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]], syne 1998
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]], syne 27 Februar 1984&lt;ref name=twins&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |title=Twinning Cities |publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 City of Thessaloniki |accessdate=4 January 2009 |archive-date=2009-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331054219/http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuanie]], syne 29 September 1998
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Xi'an]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]], syne 1998
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Žilina]], [[Slovakie]], syne 13 Februar 1993&lt;ref name=&quot;Žilina&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zilina.sk/mesto-zilina-o-meste-partnerske-mesta|title=''Žilina – oficiálne stránky mesta: Partnerské mestá Žiliny (Žilina: Official Partner Cities)''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 MaM Multimedia, s.r.o..|accessdate=4 January 2009|archive-date=2017-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924155802/http://www.zilina.sk/mesto-zilina-o-meste-partnerske-mesta|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

{{Cities in Ukraine}}
{{Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}

[[Category:Dnipro| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Closed ceeties]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1526]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7273" sha1="0qagx6atamwc37vmn06wln3dzdt0pg3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Dnipro (Дніпро)
|nickname               = Dnipro
|image_skyline          = Dnipropetrowsk.jpg
|imagesize              = 250px
|image_caption          = Skyline o Dnipro
|image_flag             = Флаг Днепропетровска 2.png
|image_shield           = Coat of arms of Dnipropetrovsk.png
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Map o Ukraine wi Dnipro heichlichtit
|pushpin_map            = Ukraine#Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{UKR}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Oblast]]
|subdivision_name1      = {{flag|Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}
|subdivision_type2      = [[Raion]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Dnipro Raion]]
|parts_type             = [[#Govrenment an admeenistrative diveesions|Raions]]
|parts                  = 8
|p1                     = Amur-Nyzhnodniprovskyi Raion
|p2                     = Shevchenkivskyi Raion
|p3                     = Sonornyi Raion
|p4                     = Industrialnyi Raion
|p5                     = Tsentralnyi Raion
|p6                     = Chechelivskyi Raion
|p7                     = Novokodatskyi Raion
|p8                     = Samarskyi Raion
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1526&lt;ref name=y1526&gt;[https://dniprorada.gov.ua/uk/articles/item/84723/rujnuvannya-imperskih-ta-radyanskih-mifologem-dovedenu-istorikami-spravzhnyu-datu-zasnuvannya-dnipra-oficijno-vnesli-do-statutu-mista-ce-1526-rik Руйнування імперських та радянських міфологем. Доведену істориками справжню дату заснування Дніпра офіційно внесли до Статуту міста — це 1526 рік]. Dnipro City Council&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title           = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name            = Borys Albertovych Filatov
|area_total_km2         = 405
|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_total       = 1,001,612
|population_footnotes   =&lt;ref name=Statistics_1_July_2011&gt;[http://www.dneprstat.gov.ua/statinfo/ds/2011/ds1_m07.htm ''Dnipro region, statistics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020090115/http://www.dneprstat.gov.ua/statinfo/ds/2011/ds1_m07.htm |date=2013-10-20 }} {{uk icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_km2 = 2486
|coordinates            = {{coord|48|27|0|N|34|59|0|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m            = 155
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal code]]
|postal_code            = 49000
|area_code              = +380 56(2)
|blank_name             = [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|Sister ceeties]]
|blank_info             = &lt;small&gt;[[Vilnius]], [[Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario|Durham Region]], [[Samara, Roushie|Samara]], [[Tashkent]], [[Xi'an]], [[Herzliya]], [[Žilina]], [[Saloniki]], [[Wałbrzych]]&lt;/small&gt;
|website                = [http://www.gorod.dp.ua/index.php?language=ua gorod.dp.ua]
}}

'''Dnipro''' ({{lang-uk|Дніпро}} {{IPA-uk|dnʲipro|}}) or '''Dnepr''' ({{lang-ru|Днепр}}) formerly ''Yekaterinoslav'' ({{lang-ru|Екатеринослав}}, {{lang-uk|Катеринослав}}, [[Romanization of Ukrainian|translit.]] ''Katerynoslav'', an aa ''Catharinoslav'' on auld maps&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.arhivtime.ru/karta/karta_arhiv/image_arhiv/01/1820.jpg English map of 1820]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;) is [[Ukraine]]'s third lairgest [[ceety]] wi 1.1 million indwallers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/ Ukrcensus.gov.ua — City] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109012020/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/city/ |date=2006-01-09 }} URL accessed on 8 March 2007&lt;/ref&gt; It is locatit sootheast o Ukraine's caipital [[Kiev]] on the [[Dnieper River]], in the sooth-central region o the kintra. Dnipro is the [[Caipital ceety|admeenistrative center]] o the [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]] ([[oblast|province]]).

Athin the Dnipro metropolitan aurie thare are 1,860,000 fowk (2001).&lt;ref&gt;[[:uk:Дніпровська агломерація|uk.wikipedia.org]] URL accessed on 19 August 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

A vital industrial centre o Ukraine, Dnipro wis ane o the key centers o the [[Nuclear pouer|nuclear]], [[Airms industry|airms]], an [[Soviet space program|space]] industries o the umwhile [[Soviet Union]]. In pairticular, it is hame tae [[Yuzhmash]], a major space an [[ballistic missile]] designer an manufacturer. Acause o its military industry, the ceety wis a [[closed ceety]]&lt;ref&gt;A [[closed ceety]] does no allou foreigners inside athoot offeecial permission.&lt;/ref&gt; til the 1990s.

Dnipro haes a heichlie-developit [[public transport|public transportation seestem]], includin the [[Dnipro Metro]], which consists o ane metro line wi a tot o 6 stations.

== Twin touns — Sister ceeties ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Ukraine}}
The ceety o Dnipro is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Dalian]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]]
*{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], Azerbaijan&lt;ref name=&quot;Azerbaijan twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html|title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan|accessdate=2013-08-09|work=Azerbaijans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Herzliya]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Krasnoyarsk]], [[Roushie]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Samara, Roushie|Samara]], Roushie. syne 25 Mey 1993
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Szczecin]], Poland&lt;ref name=&quot;Szczecin twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/UMSzczecinBIP/chapter_11296.asp|title=Kontakty partnerskie Miasta Szczecin|accessdate=2013-07-29|work=Urząd Miasta Szczecin|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818001351/http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/umszczecinbip/chapter_11296.asp|archivedate=2012-08-18|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
||
*{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]], syne 1998
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]], syne 27 Februar 1984&lt;ref name=twins&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |title=Twinning Cities |publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 City of Thessaloniki |accessdate=4 January 2009 |archive-date=2009-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331054219/http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuanie]], syne 29 September 1998
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Xi'an]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]], syne 1998
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Žilina]], [[Slovakie]], syne 13 Februar 1993&lt;ref name=&quot;Žilina&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zilina.sk/mesto-zilina-o-meste-partnerske-mesta|title=''Žilina – oficiálne stránky mesta: Partnerské mestá Žiliny (Žilina: Official Partner Cities)''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 MaM Multimedia, s.r.o..|accessdate=4 January 2009|archive-date=2017-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924155802/http://www.zilina.sk/mesto-zilina-o-meste-partnerske-mesta|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

{{Cities in Ukraine}}
{{Dnipropetrovsk Oblast}}

[[Category:Dnipro| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Closed ceeties]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1526]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13183" sha1="56d1gxpznkbagicy8fucj81jb35ng0m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Derbent
|ru_name=Дербент
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|loc_lang1=
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|loc_lang2=
|image_skyline=Dagestan naryn-kala.jpg
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|coordinates = {{coord|42|04|N|48|17|E|display=inline,title}}
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|federal_subject=[[Dagestan]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=April 2006
|adm_city_jur=[[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety]] o Derbent
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|capital_of=Republic o Dagestan
|capital_of_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of1=Ceety o Derbent
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of2=[[Derbentsky Destrict]]
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|mun_data_as_of=November 2006
|urban_okrug_jur=Derbent Urban Okrug
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{{Infobox World Heritage Site
|WHS=Citadel, Auncient Ceety an Fortress Biggins o Derbent
|Image=[[File:Derbent wall.jpg|250px|Wall of the Derbent citadel&amp;nbsp;— the only Sassanid fortification in existence]]
|State Party=[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|22px]] [[Roushie]]
|Type=Cultural
|Criteria=iii, iv
|ID=1070
|Region=Europe
|Year=2003
|Session=27th
|Link=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1070
}}
'''Derbent''' ({{lang-ru|Дербе́нт}}; {{lang-az|Dərbənd}}; [[Lezgian leid|Lezgian]]: Кьвевар; [[Avar language|Avar]]: Дербенд; [[Lak fowk (Dagestan)|Lak]]: Чурул / Churul; [[Persie leid|Persian]]: دربند; [[Juhuri leid|Judæo-Tat]]: דארבּאנד / Дэрбэнд / ''Dərbənd'') is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in the Republic o [[Dagestan]], [[Roushie]], close tae the [[Azerbaijan]]i border. It is the soothmaist ceety in Roushie, an it is the seicont maist important ceety o Dagestan. Population: 101,031 ([[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]]); 78,371 ([[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Census]]). The main ethnic groups are: [[Lezgins]], [[Azeris]] an [[Tabasaran fowk|Tabasarans]].

Aften identifee'd wi the legendar [[Gates o Alexander]], Derbent claims tae be the auldest ceety in Roushie. Syne antiquity the value o the aurie as the gate tae the Caucasus haes been unnerstuid an Derbent haes airchaeological structurs ower 5,000 year auld. As a result o this geografic pairticularity the ceety developed atween twa walls, stretchin frae the muntains tae the sea. These fortifications wur continuously employed for a millennium an a hauf, langer than ony ither extant fortress in the warld. Ower the years different naitions gave the ceety different names, but aw connectit tae the wird 'gate'.

==Etymologie==
Its etymology derives frae the Persian ''Darband'' (&quot;closed gate&quot;); it wis kent tae the Arabs as ''Bāb al Abwab'' (&quot;Gate o Gates&quot;) an to the Turks as ''Demirkapı'' (&quot;Iron Gate&quot;).

==Geografie==
The modren ceety is built near the wastren shores o the [[Caspian Sea]], sooth o the Rubas River, on the slopes of the [[Tabasaransky Destrict|Tabasaran Muntains]] (pairt o the Bigger [[Caucasus muntains|Caucasus]] range). Derbent is well served bi public transport, wi its awn harbour, a railway goin sooth tae [[Baku]], an the Baku tae [[Rostov-on-Don]] road.

Tae the north o the ceety is the monument o the Kirk-lar, or fowerty heroes, who fell defendin Dagestan against the Arabs in 728. Tae the sooth lies the seaward extremity o the [[Caucasian wall]] (fifty metres lang), itherwise kent as [[Alexander's Waw]], blockin the narrae pass o the Iron Gate or [[Caspian Gates]] (''Portae Athanae'' or ''Portae Caspiae''). This, when entire, haed a heicht o 29&amp;nbsp;ft (9&amp;nbsp;m) an a thickness o aboot 10&amp;nbsp;ft (3&amp;nbsp;m), an wi its iron gates and numerous watch-touers formed a valuable defence o the [[Iran|Persian]] frontier.

==History==
[[File:Derband.jpg|thumb|right|300px|View o the ceety frae Naryn-Kala, 1910s.]]
Derbent haes an important strategic location in the Caucasus: the ceety is situatit on a narrae, 3-kilometre strip o land atween the Caspian Sea an the Caucasus muntains. Historically, this position alloued the rulers o Derbent tae control land traffec atween the [[Eurasie Steppe]] an the [[Middle East]]. The anerlie ither practicable crossin o the Caucasus ridge wis ower the [[Darial Gorge]].

The first intensive dounset in the Derbent aurie dates frae the [[8t century BC]]; the steid wis intermittently controlled bi the Persie monarchs, stairtin frae the 6t century BC. Till the 4t century&amp;nbsp;CE it wis pairt o [[Caucasie Albanie]], an is tradeetionally identifee'd wi '''Albana''', the caipital. The modren name is a [[Persie leid|Persie]] wird (دربند ''Darband'') meanin &quot;closed gates&quot;, which came intae uise in the end o the 5t or the beginnin o the 6t century AD, when the ceety wis refoondit bi [[Kavadh I o Persie|Kavadh I]] o the [[Sassanid]] dynasty o [[Persie Empire|Persie]].

The twinty-metre-heich waws wi thirty north-leukin touers are believit tae belang tae the time o Kavadh's son, [[Khosrau I o Persie]]. The chronicler [[Movses Kagankatvatsi]] wrote aboot &quot;the wondrous waws, for whose construction the Persie keengs exhaustit oor kintra, recruitin airchitects an collectin biggin materials wi a view o constructin a great edifice stretchin atween the Caucasus Muntains an the Great Eastren Sea.&quot; Derbent became a strang militar ootpost an harbour o the [[Sassanid empire]]. Durin the 5t an 6t centuries Derbent becomes an important centre for spreadin the [[Christianity|Christian]] faith in the Caucasus an aw.

Movses Kagankatvatsi left a graphic description o the [[Third Perso-Turkic War|sack o Derbent]] bi the hordes o [[Tong Yabghu]] o the [[Wastren Turkic Khaganate]] in 627. His successor, [[Böri Shad]], pruivit unable tae consolidate Tong Yabghu's conquests, an the ceety wis retaken bi the Persians. In 654 Derbent wis captured bi the Arabs, who transformit it in an important admeenistrative centre an introducit [[Islam]] tae the aurie. Acause o its strategic position on the northren branch o the [[Silk Route]], the fortress wis contestit bi the [[Khazars]] in the course o the [[Khazar-Arab Wars]]. The Sassanids haed brocht Armenies frae [[Syunik]]' tae help protect the pass frae invaders an aw; as Arab rule weakened in the region at the end o the nint century, the Armenies livin thare wur able tae establish a kinrick o their awn, which lastit till the early years o the thirteent century.&lt;ref&gt;See {{hy icon}} Sedrak Barkhudaryan, “Դերբենդի հայ-աղվանական թագավորությունը” (“The Armenian-Caucasian Albanian Kingdom of Derbend”). ''[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]] ''. № 3, 1969, pp. 125-147.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{hy icon}} [[Matthew of Edessa]]. ''Ժամանակնագրություն'' (''Chronicle''). Translated by [[Hrach Bartikyan]]. Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1973, pp. 151-152, 332, note 132a.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Derbent winter.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sassanian fortress in Derbent.]]
The recent excavations on the eastren side o the Caspian Sea opposite tae Derbent, hae revealed the eastren coonterpairt tae the waw an fortifications o the ceety in the [[Great Waw o Gorgan]]. Similar [[Sasanian]] defensive fortifications—massive forts, garrison touns, lang walls—are seen on the eastren shores o the Caspian extendin literally intae the sea as they are witness emergin frae the risin waters o the Caspian in the wast at Derbent.

The Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] spent time livin in Derbent, an brocht it intae great repute as a seat o the airts an commerce. Accordin tae Arab historians, Derbent, wi population exceedin 50,000, wis the lairgest ceety o the 9t century Caucasus. In the 10t century, wi the collapse o the Arab Caliphate, Derbent became the caipital o an emirate. This emirate aften focht losin wars wi the neebourin Christian state o [[Sarir]], allouin Sarir tae occasionally manipulate Derbent politics. Despite that, the emirate ootlived its rival an continued tae flourish at the time o the [[Mongol]] invasion in 1239.

In the 14t century  Derbent wis occupee'd bi [[Timur]]'s airmies. In 1437 it fell unner the control o the [[Shirvanshahs]] o [[Azerbaijan]]. Durin the 16t century Derbent wis the arena for wars atween [[Turkey]] an [[Persie]] ruled bi the Iranian [[Safavid]] dynasty. [[Ottoman Empire]] gained control o the ceety follaein the Battle o the Torches in 1583 an Ottoman awnership was secured wi the [[Constantinople]] Treaty ([[Treaty o Ferhat Pasha]]) in 1590.

Bi the 1735 Ganja treaty Derbent fell athin the Persie state. In 1722 durin the [[Rousho-Persie War, 1722–1723|Rousho-Persie War]], [[Peter the Great]] o [[Roushie]] wrestit the toun frae the Persians, but in 1736 the supremacy o [[Nadir Shah]] wis again recognisit. In 1747 Derbent became the caipital o the khanate o the same name.

Durin the [[Persie Expedition o 1796]] Derbent wis stormit bi Roushie forces unner [[Valerian Zubov]]. As a consequence o the [[Treaty o Gulistan]] o 1813—atween Roushie an Persie—Derbent became pairt o the [[Roushie Empire]]. [[File:Derbent summer.jpg|thumb|275px|The Caspian Gates.]]

A lairge portion o the waws an several watchtouers hae been preservit in reasonable shape. The waws, reachin tae the sea, date frae the 6t century, [[Sassanid dynasty]] period. The ceety haes a well preservit citadel (Narin-kala), comprisin an aurie o 45,000&amp;nbsp;m², enclosed bi strang waws. Historical attractions include the baths, the cisterns, the auld cemeteries, the caravanserai, the 18t century Khan's mausoleum, as well as several mosques. The auldest mosque is the Juma Mosque, built ower a 6t century Christian basilica; it haes a 15t century [[madrassa]]. Ither shrines include the 17t century Kyrhlyar mosque, the Bala mosque an the 18t century Chertebe mosque.

==Economy an cultur==
The ceety is hame tae machine biggin, fuid, textile, fishin an fishery supplies, construction materials an wood industries. It is the production centre o Roushie [[brandy]]. The education infrastructure is fairly extensive; there is a university as well as several technical schuils. On the cultural front, there is a Lezgin drama theatre (S. Stalsky theatre). Aboot twa kilometres frae the ceety is the vacation colony o ''Chayka'' (Seagull).

Derbent bein in practice a huge museum an wi magnificent muntains an shore nearbi, a great potential for development o the tourism industry exists, further increased bi [[UNESCO]]'s classification o the Citadel, Auncient Ceety an Fortress as a [[Warld Heritage Steid]] in 2003; housomeivver, instability in the region haes no alloued further development.

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Coat of Arms of Derbent (Dagestan) (1843).png|Coat o airms o Derbent (1843).
Image:Derbent gate.jpg|A gate in the auld ceety o Derbent.
Image:derbent gate2.jpg|A gate o the citadel.
Image:Derbent sea.jpg|View on the Caspian Sea.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}}

===Twin touns — Sister ceeties===
Derbent is twinned wi:
*{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]].
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Yakima, Washington]], [[USA]].
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Hadera]], [[Israel]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Derbent}}
*[http://www.derbent.ru/photo/thumbnails.php?album=5&amp;page=2 Photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212843/http://www.derbent.ru/photo/thumbnails.php?album=5&amp;page=2 |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[http://www.derbent.ru/photo/displayimage.php?album=6&amp;pos=10 Photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212906/http://www.derbent.ru/photo/displayimage.php?album=6&amp;pos=10 |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[http://www.towns.ru/towns/derbent_en.html History an attractions o Derbent]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Dagestan]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Roushie]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Roushie]]
[[Category:Forts in Roushie]]
[[Category:Sassanid castles]]
[[Category:Caucasus]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Roushie]]
[[Category:Wine regions o Roushie]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Caspian Sea]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12352" sha1="p116bjo95flvi1sbrtdcnssg1iaeqel" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Derbent
|ru_name=Дербент
|image_skyline=Dagestan naryn-kala.jpg
|coordinates = {{coord|42|04|N|48|17|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=top
|federal_subject=[[Dagestan]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=April 2006
|adm_city_jur=[[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety]] o Derbent
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|capital_of=Republic o Dagestan
|capital_of_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of1=Ceety o Derbent
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of2=[[Derbentsky Destrict]]
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref294&quot; /&gt;
|mun_data_as_of=November 2006
|urban_okrug_jur=Derbent Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref416&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of1=Derbent Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref416&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of2=Derbentsky Municipal Destrict
|pop_2010census=119961
|pop_2010census_rank=136t
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot; /&gt;
|pop_2002census=101031
|pop_2002census_rank=163rd
|pop_2002census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;PopCensus&quot; /&gt;
|commonscat=Derbent
|date=August 2011
}}
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
|WHS=Citadel, Auncient Ceety an Fortress Biggins o Derbent
|Image=[[File:Derbent wall.jpg|250px|Wall of the Derbent citadel&amp;nbsp;— the only Sassanid fortification in existence]]
|State Party=[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|22px]] [[Roushie]]
|Type=Cultural
|Criteria=iii, iv
|ID=1070
|Region=Europe
|Year=2003
|Session=27th
|Link=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1070
}}
'''Derbent''' ({{lang-ru|Дербе́нт}}; {{lang-az|Dərbənd}}; [[Lezgian leid|Lezgian]]: Кьвевар; [[Avar language|Avar]]: Дербенд; [[Lak fowk (Dagestan)|Lak]]: Чурул / Churul; [[Persie leid|Persian]]: دربند; [[Juhuri leid|Judæo-Tat]]: דארבּאנד / Дэрбэнд / ''Dərbənd'') is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in the Republic o [[Dagestan]], [[Roushie]], close tae the [[Azerbaijan]]i border. It is the soothmaist ceety in Roushie, an it is the seicont maist important ceety o Dagestan. Population: 101,031 ([[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]]); 78,371 ([[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Census]]). The main ethnic groups are: [[Lezgins]], [[Azeris]] an [[Tabasaran fowk|Tabasarans]].

Aften identifee'd wi the legendar [[Gates o Alexander]], Derbent claims tae be the auldest ceety in Roushie. Syne antiquity the value o the aurie as the gate tae the Caucasus haes been unnerstuid an Derbent haes airchaeological structurs ower 5,000 year auld. As a result o this geografic pairticularity the ceety developed atween twa walls, stretchin frae the muntains tae the sea. These fortifications wur continuously employed for a millennium an a hauf, langer than ony ither extant fortress in the warld. Ower the years different naitions gave the ceety different names, but aw connectit tae the wird 'gate'.

==Etymologie==
Its etymology derives frae the Persian ''Darband'' (&quot;closed gate&quot;); it wis kent tae the Arabs as ''Bāb al Abwab'' (&quot;Gate o Gates&quot;) an to the Turks as ''Demirkapı'' (&quot;Iron Gate&quot;).

==Geografie==
The modren ceety is built near the wastren shores o the [[Caspian Sea]], sooth o the Rubas River, on the slopes of the [[Tabasaransky Destrict|Tabasaran Muntains]] (pairt o the Bigger [[Caucasus muntains|Caucasus]] range). Derbent is well served bi public transport, wi its awn harbour, a railway goin sooth tae [[Baku]], an the Baku tae [[Rostov-on-Don]] road.

Tae the north o the ceety is the monument o the Kirk-lar, or fowerty heroes, who fell defendin Dagestan against the Arabs in 728. Tae the sooth lies the seaward extremity o the [[Caucasian wall]] (fifty metres lang), itherwise kent as [[Alexander's Waw]], blockin the narrae pass o the Iron Gate or [[Caspian Gates]] (''Portae Athanae'' or ''Portae Caspiae''). This, when entire, haed a heicht o 29&amp;nbsp;ft (9&amp;nbsp;m) an a thickness o aboot 10&amp;nbsp;ft (3&amp;nbsp;m), an wi its iron gates and numerous watch-touers formed a valuable defence o the [[Iran|Persian]] frontier.

==History==
[[File:Derband.jpg|thumb|right|300px|View o the ceety frae Naryn-Kala, 1910s.]]
Derbent haes an important strategic location in the Caucasus: the ceety is situatit on a narrae, 3-kilometre strip o land atween the Caspian Sea an the Caucasus muntains. Historically, this position alloued the rulers o Derbent tae control land traffec atween the [[Eurasie Steppe]] an the [[Middle East]]. The anerlie ither practicable crossin o the Caucasus ridge wis ower the [[Darial Gorge]].

The first intensive dounset in the Derbent aurie dates frae the [[8t century BC]]; the steid wis intermittently controlled bi the Persie monarchs, stairtin frae the 6t century BC. Till the 4t century&amp;nbsp;CE it wis pairt o [[Caucasie Albanie]], an is tradeetionally identifee'd wi '''Albana''', the caipital. The modren name is a [[Persie leid|Persie]] wird (دربند ''Darband'') meanin &quot;closed gates&quot;, which came intae uise in the end o the 5t or the beginnin o the 6t century AD, when the ceety wis refoondit bi [[Kavadh I o Persie|Kavadh I]] o the [[Sassanid]] dynasty o [[Persie Empire|Persie]].

The twinty-metre-heich waws wi thirty north-leukin touers are believit tae belang tae the time o Kavadh's son, [[Khosrau I o Persie]]. The chronicler [[Movses Kagankatvatsi]] wrote aboot &quot;the wondrous waws, for whose construction the Persie keengs exhaustit oor kintra, recruitin airchitects an collectin biggin materials wi a view o constructin a great edifice stretchin atween the Caucasus Muntains an the Great Eastren Sea.&quot; Derbent became a strang militar ootpost an harbour o the [[Sassanid empire]]. Durin the 5t an 6t centuries Derbent becomes an important centre for spreadin the [[Christianity|Christian]] faith in the Caucasus an aw.

Movses Kagankatvatsi left a graphic description o the [[Third Perso-Turkic War|sack o Derbent]] bi the hordes o [[Tong Yabghu]] o the [[Wastren Turkic Khaganate]] in 627. His successor, [[Böri Shad]], pruivit unable tae consolidate Tong Yabghu's conquests, an the ceety wis retaken bi the Persians. In 654 Derbent wis captured bi the Arabs, who transformit it in an important admeenistrative centre an introducit [[Islam]] tae the aurie. Acause o its strategic position on the northren branch o the [[Silk Route]], the fortress wis contestit bi the [[Khazars]] in the course o the [[Khazar-Arab Wars]]. The Sassanids haed brocht Armenies frae [[Syunik]]' tae help protect the pass frae invaders an aw; as Arab rule weakened in the region at the end o the nint century, the Armenies livin thare wur able tae establish a kinrick o their awn, which lastit till the early years o the thirteent century.&lt;ref&gt;See {{hy icon}} Sedrak Barkhudaryan, “Դերբենդի հայ-աղվանական թագավորությունը” (“The Armenian-Caucasian Albanian Kingdom of Derbend”). ''[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]] ''. № 3, 1969, pp. 125-147.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{hy icon}} [[Matthew of Edessa]]. ''Ժամանակնագրություն'' (''Chronicle''). Translated by [[Hrach Bartikyan]]. Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1973, pp. 151-152, 332, note 132a.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Derbent winter.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sassanian fortress in Derbent.]]
The recent excavations on the eastren side o the Caspian Sea opposite tae Derbent, hae revealed the eastren coonterpairt tae the waw an fortifications o the ceety in the [[Great Waw o Gorgan]]. Similar [[Sasanian]] defensive fortifications—massive forts, garrison touns, lang walls—are seen on the eastren shores o the Caspian extendin literally intae the sea as they are witness emergin frae the risin waters o the Caspian in the wast at Derbent.

The Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] spent time livin in Derbent, an brocht it intae great repute as a seat o the airts an commerce. Accordin tae Arab historians, Derbent, wi population exceedin 50,000, wis the lairgest ceety o the 9t century Caucasus. In the 10t century, wi the collapse o the Arab Caliphate, Derbent became the caipital o an emirate. This emirate aften focht losin wars wi the neebourin Christian state o [[Sarir]], allouin Sarir tae occasionally manipulate Derbent politics. Despite that, the emirate ootlived its rival an continued tae flourish at the time o the [[Mongol]] invasion in 1239.

In the 14t century  Derbent wis occupee'd bi [[Timur]]'s airmies. In 1437 it fell unner the control o the [[Shirvanshahs]] o [[Azerbaijan]]. Durin the 16t century Derbent wis the arena for wars atween [[Turkey]] an [[Persie]] ruled bi the Iranian [[Safavid]] dynasty. [[Ottoman Empire]] gained control o the ceety follaein the Battle o the Torches in 1583 an Ottoman awnership was secured wi the [[Constantinople]] Treaty ([[Treaty o Ferhat Pasha]]) in 1590.

Bi the 1735 Ganja treaty Derbent fell athin the Persie state. In 1722 durin the [[Rousho-Persie War, 1722–1723|Rousho-Persie War]], [[Peter the Great]] o [[Roushie]] wrestit the toun frae the Persians, but in 1736 the supremacy o [[Nadir Shah]] wis again recognisit. In 1747 Derbent became the caipital o the khanate o the same name.

Durin the [[Persie Expedition o 1796]] Derbent wis stormit bi Roushie forces unner [[Valerian Zubov]]. As a consequence o the [[Treaty o Gulistan]] o 1813—atween Roushie an Persie—Derbent became pairt o the [[Roushie Empire]]. [[File:Derbent summer.jpg|thumb|275px|The Caspian Gates.]]

A lairge portion o the waws an several watchtouers hae been preservit in reasonable shape. The waws, reachin tae the sea, date frae the 6t century, [[Sassanid dynasty]] period. The ceety haes a well preservit citadel (Narin-kala), comprisin an aurie o 45,000&amp;nbsp;m², enclosed bi strang waws. Historical attractions include the baths, the cisterns, the auld cemeteries, the caravanserai, the 18t century Khan's mausoleum, as well as several mosques. The auldest mosque is the Juma Mosque, built ower a 6t century Christian basilica; it haes a 15t century [[madrassa]]. Ither shrines include the 17t century Kyrhlyar mosque, the Bala mosque an the 18t century Chertebe mosque.

==Economy an cultur==
The ceety is hame tae machine biggin, fuid, textile, fishin an fishery supplies, construction materials an wood industries. It is the production centre o Roushie [[brandy]]. The education infrastructure is fairly extensive; there is a university as well as several technical schuils. On the cultural front, there is a Lezgin drama theatre (S. Stalsky theatre). Aboot twa kilometres frae the ceety is the vacation colony o ''Chayka'' (Seagull).

Derbent bein in practice a huge museum an wi magnificent muntains an shore nearbi, a great potential for development o the tourism industry exists, further increased bi [[UNESCO]]'s classification o the Citadel, Auncient Ceety an Fortress as a [[Warld Heritage Steid]] in 2003; housomeivver, instability in the region haes no alloued further development.

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Coat of Arms of Derbent (Dagestan) (1843).png|Coat o airms o Derbent (1843).
Image:Derbent gate.jpg|A gate in the auld ceety o Derbent.
Image:derbent gate2.jpg|A gate o the citadel.
Image:Derbent sea.jpg|View on the Caspian Sea.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}}

===Twin touns — Sister ceeties===
Derbent is twinned wi:
*{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]].
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Yakima, Washington]], [[USA]].
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Hadera]], [[Israel]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Derbent}}
*[http://www.derbent.ru/photo/thumbnails.php?album=5&amp;page=2 Photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212843/http://www.derbent.ru/photo/thumbnails.php?album=5&amp;page=2 |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[http://www.derbent.ru/photo/displayimage.php?album=6&amp;pos=10 Photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212906/http://www.derbent.ru/photo/displayimage.php?album=6&amp;pos=10 |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[http://www.towns.ru/towns/derbent_en.html History an attractions o Derbent]
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Dagestan]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Roushie]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Roushie]]
[[Category:Forts in Roushie]]
[[Category:Sassanid castles]]
[[Category:Caucasus]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Roushie]]
[[Category:Wine regions o Roushie]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Caspian Sea]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7778" sha1="oysx71988fg87iywtdmb3pjvrpr90lp" xml:space="preserve">The '''Iranian Revolution''' (kent as the '''Islamic Revolution''' or '''1979 Revolution''' an aw;&lt;ref name = &quot;Chamber&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranchamber.com/history/islamic_revolution/islamic_revolution.php  Islamic Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629064154/http://www.iranchamber.com/history/islamic_revolution/islamic_revolution.php |date=2011-06-29 }}, Iran Chamber.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Encarta&quot;&gt;[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761588431/Islamic_Revolution_of_Iran.html  Islamic Revolution of Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028082940/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761588431/Islamic_Revolution_of_Iran.html |date=2009-10-28 }}, MS Encarta. 2009-10-31.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.internews.org/visavis/BTVPagesTXT/Theislamicrevolution.html  The Islamic Revolution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227000031/http://internews.org/visavis/BTVPagesTXT/Theislamicrevolution.html |date=2009-02-27 }}, Internews.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iranian.com/revolution.html  Islamic Revolution].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Jubilee&quot;&gt;[http://www.jubileecampaign.org/home/jubilee/iran_profile.pdf  Iran Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060806025221/http://www.jubileecampaign.org/home/jubilee/iran_profile.pdf |date=2006-08-06 }}, PDF.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Shah and the Ayatollah: Iranian Mythology and Islamic Revolution'' (Hardcover), ISBN 0-275-97858-3, by Fereydoun Hoveyda, brother of [[Amir Abbas Hoveyda]].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Persian leid|Persian]]: انقلاب اسلامی, Enghelābe Eslāmi or انقلاب بیست و دو بهمن) refers tae events involvin the owerthrow o [[Pahlavi dynasty|Iran's monarchy]] (Pahlavi dynasty) unner [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] an its replacement wi an [[Islamic republic]] unner [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], the leader o the [[revolution]].

[[Demonstration (fowk)|Demonstrations]] against the Shah began in Januar 1968.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch29ir.html  The Islamic Revolution]&lt;/ref&gt;  Atween August an December 1978 [[strike action|strike]]s an demonstrations paralyzed the kintra. The Shah left Iran for exile in mid-Januar 1979, an in the resultin pouer vacuum twa weeks later Ayatollah Khomeini returned tae [[Tehran]] tae a greetin bi several million Iranians.&lt;ref name = &quot;Britannica Khomeini&quot;&gt;[http://www.britanniaca.com/eb/article-9045329  Ruhollah Khomeini] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008024623/http://www.britanniaca.com/eb/article-9045329 |date=2007-10-08 }}, Encyclopedia Britannica.&lt;/ref&gt; The ryal regime collapsed shortly efter on 11 Februar when [[guerrilla]]s an rebel troops owerwhelmed troops loyal tae the Shah in airmed street fechtin. Iran votit bi naitional [[Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, Mairch 1979|referendum]] tae become an Islamic Republic on Aprile 1, 1979,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-202892 Iran Islamic Republic], Encyclopedia Britannica.&lt;/ref&gt; an tae approve a new [[constitution o Islamic Republic o Iran|theocratic constitution]] wherebi Khomeini became [[Supreme Leader o Iran|Supreme Leader]] o the kintra, in December 1979.

The revolution wis unusual for the surprise it creatit throughoot the warld:&lt;ref&gt;Amuzegar, ''The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution,'' (1991), p.4, 9-12&lt;/ref&gt; it lacked mony o the customary causes o revolution (defeat at war, a [[financial crisis]], [[peasant rebellion]], or disgruntled military);&lt;ref&gt;Arjomand, ''Turban'' (1988), p. 191.&lt;/ref&gt; produced profoond chynge at great speed;&lt;ref&gt;Amuzegar, Jahangir, ''The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution,'' SUNY Press, p.10&lt;/ref&gt; wis massively popular;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kurzman, 2004 p.121&quot;&gt;Kurzman, ''The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran'', (2004), p.121&lt;/ref&gt; owerthrew a regime hivily protectit bi a lavishly financed airmy an security services;&lt;ref&gt;Harney, ''Priest'' (1998), p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Abrahamian ''Iran'' (1982), p. 496.&lt;/ref&gt; an replaced a modernisin [[monarchy]] wi a [[theocracy]] based on [[Guardianship o the Islamic Jurists]] (or ''velayat-e faqih''). Its ootcome — an Islamic Republic &quot;unner the guidance o an 80-year-auld exiled releegious scholar frae [[Qom]]&quot; — wis, as ane scholar put it, &quot;clearly an occurrence that haed tae be explained.&quot;&lt;ref name = &quot;Benard 1984 18&quot;&gt;Benard, ''&quot;The Government of God&quot;'' (1984), p. 18.&lt;/ref&gt;
==Causes==
{{Dablink|See an aa: [[Backgrund an causes o the Iranian Revolution]]}}

The revolution wis [[populism|populist]], [[naitionalism|naitionalist]] an later [[Shia Islam|Shi'a Islamic]].  It wis in pairt a conservative backlash against the [[Wastrenization|Wastrenizin]] an secularizin efforts o the [[Wastren warld|Wastren]]-backed Shah,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Del Giudice|first=Marguerite|year=2008|month=August|title=Persia: Ancient Soul of Iran|journal= National Geographic|accessdate=2009-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; an a liberal backlash tae [[Social juistice|social injuistice]] an ither shortcomins o the [[ancien régime]].&lt;ref&gt;Abrahamian, ''Iran Between Two Revolutions'', (1982), 534-5&lt;/ref&gt;
The Shah wis perceived bi mony as behaulden tae — if no a puppet o — a non-[[Muslim]] [[Wastren warld|Wastren]] pouer (the [[Unitit States]])&lt;ref&gt;Brumberg, ''Reinventing Khomeini'' (2001).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Shirley 1997 207&quot;&gt;Shirley, ''Know Thine Enemy'' (1997), p. 207.&lt;/ref&gt; whose cultur wis impactin that o Iran.

The Shah's regime wis seen as oppressive, brutal,&lt;ref name = &quot;Harney 1998&quot;&gt;Harney, ''The Priest'' (1998), pp. 37, 47, 67, 128, 155, 167.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Iran&quot;&gt;''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' by Ervand Abrahamian, p.437&lt;/ref&gt; corrupt, an extravagant;&lt;ref name=&quot;Harney 1998&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mackay, ''Iranians'' (1998), pp. 236, 260.&lt;/ref&gt; it an aa suffered frae basic functional failures — an ower-ambitious economic program that brocht economic bottlenecks, shortages an inflation.&lt;ref&gt;Graham, ''Iran'' (1980), pp. 19, 96.&lt;/ref&gt; Security forces were unable to deal with protest and demonstrations;&lt;ref&gt;Graham, ''Iran'' (1980) p. 228.&lt;/ref&gt; Iran wis an owerly centralized ryal pouer structure.&lt;ref&gt;Arjomand, ''Turban'' (1998), pp. 189–90.&lt;/ref&gt; The extraordinarily lairge size o the anti-shah movement meant that there &quot;wur literally ower mony protesters tae arrest&quot;, an that the security forces wur owerwhelmed.&lt;ref&gt;Kurzman, Charles, ''The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran'', Harvard University Press, 2004, p.111&lt;/ref&gt;

That the revolution replaced monarchy an Shah Pahlavi wi Islamism an Khomeini rather than anither leader an ideology is creditit in pairt tae the spread o the Shia version o the [[Islamic revival]] that opposed [[Wastrenization]], saw [[Ayatollah]] Khomeini as follaein in the fuitsteps o the beloved [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Imam [[Husayn ibn Ali]], an the Shah in those o Husayn's foe, the hatit tyrant [[Yazid I]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Taheri 1985 238&quot;&gt;Taheri, ''The Spirit of Allah'' (1985), p. 238.&lt;/ref&gt;
Alsae thocht responsible wis the unnerestimation of Khomeini's Islamist movement bi baith the Shah's regime — who considered them a minor threat compared tae the [[Guerrilla groups o Iran|Marxist]]s an [[Fowkmujahedin o Iran|Islamic socialist]]s&lt;ref&gt;Moin, ''Khomeini'' (2000), p. 178.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Hoveyda 2003 22&quot;&gt;Hoveyda ''Shah'' (2003) p. 22.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;Abrahamian 1982 533-4&quot;&gt;Abrahamian, ''Iran'' (1982), pp. 533–4.&lt;/ref&gt; — an bi the anti-Shah [[secularist]]s — who thocht the Khomeinists coud be sidelined.&lt;ref&gt;Schirazi, ''The Constitution of Iran'' (1997), pp. 293–4.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Iranian Revolution}}

[[Category:20t-century revolutions]]
[[Category:1979 in Iran]]
[[Category:History o Iran|Revolution]]
[[Category:Iranian Revolution| ]]
[[Category:Islamic history]]
[[Category:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]
[[Category:History o civil richts in Iran]]
[[Category:Protests]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3121" sha1="nz5pfcfps2axpbbun457yc9pru5thi8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Location of Yazd province in Iran.svg|thumb|right|Map o Iran wi Yazd heichlichtit]]

'''Yazd''' ({{lang-fa|استان یزد}}) is ane o the 30 [[provinces o Iran|provinces]] o [[Iran]]. It is in the centre o the kintra, an its admeenistrative center is the ceety o [[Yazd]].

The province haes an aurie o 131,575&amp;nbsp;km², an accordin tae the maist recent diveesions o the kintra, is dividit intae eleiven coonties: [[Maybod]], [[Mehreez]], [[Taft, Yazd|Taft]], [[Ardakan]], [[Behabad]], [[Khatam]], [[Sadogh]], [[Bafq]], [[Abar Kooh]], [[Tabas]] an [[Yazd]], the caipital. Accordin tae the 1996 census, Yazd province haed a population o aboot 750,769, o which 75.1% wur urban residents while 24.9% residit in rural auries. In 2006, Yazd haed an estimatit population o 1,033,291.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004928/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1152404802&amp;men=gadm&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-106&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq] The ceety o Yazd is the economic an admeenistrative caipital o the province an therefore the maist hivily populatit.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.iranchamber.com/provinces/23_yazd/23_yazd.php Province o Yazd on Iran Chamber Society]
* [http://www.irantour.org/Iran/province/Yazd.html Yazd Geography an History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218043755/http://irantour.org/Iran/province/Yazd.html |date=2010-12-18 }}
* [http://www.ostan-yz.ir/ Offeecial wabsteid o Yazd Govrenorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913094446/http://www.ostan-yz.ir/ |date=2008-09-13 }}
* [http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/yazd/yazd.php Iran Chamber o Commerce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115180255/http://iranchamber.com/cities/yazd/yazd.php |date=2010-01-15 }}
* [http://yazdchto.ir/ Cultural Heritage Organization o Yazd Province] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121738/http://www.yazdchto.ir/ |date=2010-01-06 }}
* [http://www.world-heritage-tour.org/midEast/ir/yazd/jamehMasjid_inside.html Panorama inside the Masjid-i-Jame mosque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092730/http://www.world-heritage-tour.org/midEast/ir/yazd/jamehMasjid_inside.html |date=2007-09-29 }}
* [http://ghoolabad.com/ GhoolAbad.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831174657/http://ghoolabad.com/ |date=2016-08-31 }}
* [http://www.yazdsaf.ir/%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C Journal of Yazd - Detailed information on the cultur an heritage an tourist attractions in Yazd crafts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722020221/http://www.yazdsaf.ir/%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C |date=2011-07-22 }}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Yazd Province
|North     = [[Semnan Province]]
|Northeast = [[Razavi Khorasan Province]]
|East      = [[Sooth Khorasan Province]]
|Southeast = [[Kerman Province]]
|South     = 
|Southwest = [[Fars Province]]
|West      = [[Isfahan Province]]
|Northwest = 
}}

{{Yazd Province}}
{{Provinces o Iran}}
{{Commonscat|Yazd province}}

[[Category:Yazd Province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces o Iran]]</text>
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    <title>Petra Kvitová</title>
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      <text bytes="6053" sha1="lmrimfcpyno8ky79qyfy16qinh95e3h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tennis biography
|name= Petra Kvitová
|image= Petra Kvitova Final Wimbledon 2011.jpg
|caption= Petra Kvitová at the [[2011 Wimbledon Championships]]
|country= {{flag|Czech Republic}}
|residence= [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]]
|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1990|3|8|df=y}}
|birth_place= [[Bílovec]], [[Czechoslovakie]]
|height= {{height|m=1.83|precision=0}}
|weight= {{convert|70|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro= 2006
|plays= Left-handit (twa-handit backhand)
|careerprizemoney= [[Unitit States dollar|$]] 21,033,271&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/13403/title/petra-kvitova|title=Petra Kvitová|publisher=WTA|accessdate=February 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &lt;small&gt; [[WTA Tour records#WTA Prize money leaders|13t in aw-time rankins]]&lt;/small&gt;
|singlesrecord= {{tennis record|won=360|lost=155}}
|singlestitles= 16 WTA, 7 [[International Tennis Federation|ITF]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~13403,00.html|title=WTA – Players – Stats – Petra Kvitova|accessdate=6 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|highestsinglesranking =No. 2 (31 October 2011)&lt;ref name=ranking&gt;{{cite news |title=WTA Rankings |work=wtatennis.com |quote= |url=http://www.wtatennis.com/page/RankingsSingles/0,,12781~0~1~100,00.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|currentsinglesranking = No. 14 (15 August 2016)
|AustralianOpenresult = SF ([[2012 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|2012]])
|FrenchOpenresult = SF ([[2012 French Open – Weemen's Singles|2012]])
|Wimbledonresult = '''W''' ([[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2011]], [[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2014]])
|USOpenresult = QF ([[2015 US Open – Weemen's Singles|2015]])
|Othertournaments              = yes
|WTAChampionshipsresult        = '''W''' ([[2011 WTA Tour Championships|2011]])
|Olympicsresult= QF ([[Tennis at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's singles|2012]])
| doublesrecord = 9–24
| doublestitles = 0
| highestdoublesranking = No. 196 (28 Februar 2011)
 | currentdoublesranking       = No. 256 (15 August 2016)
| grandslamsdoublesresults   = yes
| AustralianOpenDoublesresult= 2R (2011)
| FrenchOpenDoublesresult    = 2R (2010)
| WimbledonDoublesresult     = 1R (2010)
| USOpenDoublesresult        = 1R (2010)
| FedCupresult = {{Plainlist|
* '''W''' ([[2011 Fed Cup|2011]], [[2012 Fed Cup|2012]], [[2014 Fed Cup|2014]], [[2015 Fed Cup|2015]])
* Record 26–10
}}
| HopmanCupresult = '''W''' ([[2012 Hopman Cup|2012]])
 | medaltemplates-expand       = yes
 | medaltemplates              =
 {{MedalCountry | {{CZE}} }}
 {{MedalSport|[[Tennis at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gemmes]]}}
 {{MedalBronze|[[2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Tennis at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's singles|Singles]]}}
| updated  = 15 August 2016
}}

'''Petra Kvitová''' (born 8 Mairch 1990) is a [[Czech Republic|Czech]] professional tennis player. As o 11 Mey 2015, she is ranked Warld No. 4.

Durin the 2011 saison, Kvitová wan the singles titles at [[2011 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] an the [[2011 WTA Tour Championships|WTA Tour Championships]]. She became the first [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] event winner born in the 1990s, an the third player tae win the WTA Championships in her first attempt.

==Early life==
Petra Kvitová wis born tae Jiří Kvita&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=
Jiří Kvita si vychutnal atmosféru Wimbledonu |work=denik.cz |accessdate=4 July 2011 |quote= |url=http://novojicinsky.denik.cz/ostatni_region/jiri-kvita-si-vychutnal-atmosferu-wimb20100712.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; an Pavla Kvitová in [[Bílovec]], [[Czech Republic]] (in 1990 still in [[Czechoslovakie]]). Her faither Jiří introducit her tae tennis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Player Profile |work=wtatennis.com |accessdate=1 July 2011 |quote= |url=http://www.wtatennis.com/player/petra-kvitova_2257889_13403}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durin her bairnheid, she liked [[Czech American]] player [[Martina Navratilova]]. Kvitová trained in her hametoun till the age o 16, an wis then encouraged bi an instructor tae pursue a professional career in tennis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Robson |title=Kvitova looks like a grass-court natural in capturing Wimbledon |work=USA Today |date=3 July 2011 |accessdate=3 July 2011 |quote= |url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2011-07-02-wimbledon-womens-final-kvitova_n.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Playin style==
Kvitová is kent for her fast left-haundit serve. At the [[2011 Wimbledon Championships]], she haed 36 aces, the third-maist o ony wumman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/scores/extrastats/aces_ws.html|title=Event Statistics; Aces; Ladies' Singles|publisher=All-England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club|accessdate=3 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is notit for her hivy forehaund an aw, backhaund, variety, an timin, an is kent tae mak up for her lack o speed bi playin close tae the baseline.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Patrick |last=Mouratoglou |title=Kvitova: the next big boss |work=Yahoo! |date=3 July 2011 |accessdate=4 July 2011 |quote= |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/tennis/patrick-mouratoglou/article/2211/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Kevin |last=Mitchell |title=Petra Kvitova comes out of left field to shock Maria Sharapova |work=The Guardian |date=2 July 2011 |accessdate=12 December 2011 |quote= |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/jul/02/wimbledon-2011-petra-kvitova-maria-sharapova}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Wimbledon women's singles champions}}
{{WTA Year-End Championships winners}}
{{Top ten tennis players|wtasingles=y}}
{{Top ten European female tennis players}}
{{Top Czech female tennis players}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kvitova, Petra}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Czech female tennis players]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players o the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bílovec]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Wimbledon champions]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in weemen's singles]]
[[Category:Petra Kvitová| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8312" sha1="5qbqeljrjx4suvh8alj3hbv0gstn93f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Cadiz
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| native_name             = ''Cádiz'' {{es}}
| official_name           = &lt;!-- if different from name --&gt;
| image_skyline           = Cadiz06.jpg
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Cadiz at sunset
| image_flag              = Bandera de Cádiz.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo_de_Cádiz_(oval).svg
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Spain Cadiz Municipality of Cadiz.png
| map_caption             = Municipal location in the Province o Cádiz
| pushpin_map             = Spain Andalusia
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Andalusia
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Andalusie}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province o Cádiz|Cadiz]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas o Spain|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Bay o Cadiz (comarca)|Bay o Cadiz]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial destrict]]
| subdivision_name4       = Cadiz
| subdivision_type5       = [[Commonwalth]]
| subdivision_name5       = [[Mancomunidad de Municipios Bahía de Cádiz|Municipios de la Bahía de Cádiz]]
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    =
| coordinates             = {{coord|36|32|N|6|17|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| elevation_m             = 11
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 12.30
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = [[Phoenicie]]s; [[12t century BC|1104 BC]]&lt;!-- REF name=&quot;edad1&quot;  --&gt;&lt;!-- REF name=&quot;pgou&quot;: {{cita web| autor=Oficina Municipal del ''Plan General de Ordenación Urbana'' (PGOU), compuesta por personal de la Oficina de Planeamiento y Gestión Urbanística reforzada con personal del Área de Urbanismo.|título=Memoria del Plan General de Ordenación Urbana.|url=http://www.cadiz.es/media/docs/pgou/pgou/2-memoria/Memoria.pdf|cita=Extraido de la web del ayuntamiento y del siguiente [http://www.cadiz.es/Category/Urbanismo/Aprobacion_Inicial_del_PGOU/3500200 apartado].}} --&gt;
| government_type         = [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Mayor-cooncil]]
| governing_body          = Ayuntamiento de Cádiz
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Teófila Martínez
| leader_party            = [[Fowkpairty (Spain)|PP]]
| population_as_of       = 2023
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cádiz (Andalucía) |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/spain/andalucia/c%C3%A1diz/11012__c%C3%A1diz/ |website=City Population |access-date=2024-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 112,077
| population_demonyms     = Gaditano (m), Gaditana (f)&lt;!-- REF name=&quot;rae-cádiz&quot;: Entrada de [http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltGUIBusUsual?TIPO_HTML=2&amp;TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=gaditano '''gaditano'''] en el Diccionario de la Lengua Española – Vigésimo segunda edición. --&gt;
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Patron Saunts]]
| blank_info_sec1         = Saunt Servando &amp; Saunt Germán&lt;br&gt;[[Oor Lady o the Rosary]]
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| area_code               = 
| website                 = http://www.cadiz.es
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Cadiz''' ({{lang-es|Cádiz}}, {{IPA-es|ˈkaðiθ|IPA}}, &lt;small&gt;locally:&lt;/small&gt; {{IPA-es|ˈkaðis||Cádiz-acento.ogg}} &lt;small&gt;or&lt;/small&gt; {{IPA-es|ˈka.i|}}) is a ceety an port in soothwastren [[Spain]]. It is the caipital o the [[Province o Cádiz|homonymous province]], ane o aicht which mak up the [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Andalusie]].

Cadiz, the auldest continuously-inhabitit ceety in the Iberie Peninsulae an possibly aw soothwastren Europe,&lt;ref name = &quot;edad1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Espinosa |first=Pedro |date=2007-09-30 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2007/09/30/cultura/1191103207_850215.html |title=Hallado en Cádiz un muro de 3.000 años |work=El Pais |url-access=registration |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Independent&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/europes-oldest-city-is-found-394505.html |title='Europe's oldest city' is found - Europe, World - The Independent |first=Elizabeth |last=Nash |work=[[The Independent]] |date=2007-10-09 |place=Madrid |issn=0951-9467 |oclc=185201487 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925190210/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/europes-oldest-city-is-found-394505.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; haes been a [[Naval Structur o the Spaingie Navy in the New Millennium|principal hame port o the Spaingie Navy]] syne the accession o the [[Hoose o Bourbon|Spaingie Bourbons]] in the 18t century. The ceety is a member o the [[Maist Auncient European Touns Netwirk]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Independent&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Members&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.argos.gr/diktyoe.htm |title=diktyo |first= |last=MAETN |work=classic-web.archive.org |year=1999 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |archive-date=2005-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022022345/http://www.argos.gr/diktyoe.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is an aa the steid o the [[University o Cadiz]].

==Internaitional relations==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}}

===Twin touns — sister ceeties===
Cadiz is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]]  wi:
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]],  [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Les jumelages de Brest&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm |title=Les jumelages de Brest |publisher=Mairie-brest.fr |date= |accessdate=2009-07-07 |archive-date=2009-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715041221/http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Argentina}}  [[Buenos Aires]],  [[Argentinae]]
*{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]
*{{flagicon|UK}}  [[Medway]],  [[Unitit Kinrick]]
*{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]
*{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Tangier]], [[Morocco]]
*{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}}  [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]]
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]],  [[Brazil]]
*{{flagicon|Western Sahara}} [[Dakhla, Wastren Sahara|Dakhla]], [[Wastren Sahara]]
*{{flagicon|USA}}  [[Indio, Californie|Indio]], [[USA]]
*{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Byblos]], [[Lebanon]]
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]: [[A Coruña]], [[Ceuta]], [[Huelva]], [[Móstoles]], [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Torrevieja]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]]: [[Cartagena de Indias]], [[La Dorada, Caldas|La Dorada]], [[Santa Fe de Antioquia]], [[Guaduas]], [[Honda, Tolima|Honda]], [[Ambalema]], [[Mariquita, Tolima|San Sebastián de Mariquita]] &amp; [[Bogotá]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]: [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Puebla]], [[San Pedro Cholula]], &amp; [[Veracruz]]


==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons|Cádiz}}
*[http://www.cadiz.es/ Offeecial Ceety o Cádiz Hamepage]

{{Municipalities in Cádiz}}
{{Caipitals o Provinces in Spain}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadiz}}
[[Category:Cadiz| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o the Province o Cádiz]]
[[Category:Costa de la Luz]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Spain]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Spain]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Constitutional Merit]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Phoenicie colonies in Spain]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Spain]]
[[Category:Roman steids in Spain]]
[[Category:Auncient mints]]
[[Category:Naturalis Historia Book 3: Europe Part 1]]
[[Category:Naturalis Historia Encyclopedia]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Cádiz]]
&lt;!-- The below are interlanguage links --&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="7885" sha1="b47obf8cwnb5yq5c9m3i5995zl26omn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Cadiz
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| native_name             = ''Cádiz'' {{es}}
| image_skyline           = Cadiz06.jpg
| image_caption           = Cadiz at sunset
| image_flag              = Bandera de Cádiz.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo_de_Cádiz_(oval).svg
| image_map               = Spain Cadiz Municipality of Cadiz.png
| map_caption             = Municipal location in the Province o Cádiz
| pushpin_map             = Spain Andalusia
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Andalusia
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Andalusie}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province o Cádiz|Cadiz]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas o Spain|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Bay o Cadiz (comarca)|Bay o Cadiz]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial destrict]]
| subdivision_name4       = Cadiz
| subdivision_type5       = [[Commonwalth]]
| subdivision_name5       = [[Mancomunidad de Municipios Bahía de Cádiz|Municipios de la Bahía de Cádiz]]
| coordinates             = {{coord|36|32|N|6|17|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m             = 11
| area_total_km2          = 12.30
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = [[Phoenicie]]s; [[12t century BC|1104 BC]]&lt;!-- REF name=&quot;edad1&quot;  --&gt;&lt;!-- REF name=&quot;pgou&quot;: {{cita web| autor=Oficina Municipal del ''Plan General de Ordenación Urbana'' (PGOU), compuesta por personal de la Oficina de Planeamiento y Gestión Urbanística reforzada con personal del Área de Urbanismo.|título=Memoria del Plan General de Ordenación Urbana.|url=http://www.cadiz.es/media/docs/pgou/pgou/2-memoria/Memoria.pdf|cita=Extraido de la web del ayuntamiento y del siguiente [http://www.cadiz.es/Category/Urbanismo/Aprobacion_Inicial_del_PGOU/3500200 apartado].}} --&gt;
| government_type         = [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Mayor-cooncil]]
| governing_body          = Ayuntamiento de Cádiz
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Teófila Martínez
| leader_party            = [[Fowkpairty (Spain)|PP]]
| population_as_of       = 2023
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cádiz (Andalucía) |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/spain/andalucia/c%C3%A1diz/11012__c%C3%A1diz/ |website=City Population |access-date=2024-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 112,077
| population_demonyms     = Gaditano (m), Gaditana (f)&lt;!-- REF name=&quot;rae-cádiz&quot;: Entrada de [http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltGUIBusUsual?TIPO_HTML=2&amp;TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=gaditano '''gaditano'''] en el Diccionario de la Lengua Española – Vigésimo segunda edición. --&gt;
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Patron Saunts]]
| blank_info_sec1         = Saunt Servando &amp; Saunt Germán&lt;br&gt;[[Oor Lady o the Rosary]]
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]] 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| website                 = http://www.cadiz.es
}}

'''Cadiz''' ({{lang-es|Cádiz}}, {{IPA-es|ˈkaðiθ|IPA}}, &lt;small&gt;locally:&lt;/small&gt; {{IPA-es|ˈkaðis||Cádiz-acento.ogg}} &lt;small&gt;or&lt;/small&gt; {{IPA-es|ˈka.i|}}) is a ceety an port in soothwastren [[Spain]]. It is the caipital o the [[Province o Cádiz|homonymous province]], ane o aicht which mak up the [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Andalusie]].

Cadiz, the auldest continuously-inhabitit ceety in the Iberie Peninsulae an possibly aw soothwastren Europe,&lt;ref name = &quot;edad1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Espinosa |first=Pedro |date=2007-09-30 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2007/09/30/cultura/1191103207_850215.html |title=Hallado en Cádiz un muro de 3.000 años |work=El Pais |url-access=registration |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Independent&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/europes-oldest-city-is-found-394505.html |title='Europe's oldest city' is found - Europe, World - The Independent |first=Elizabeth |last=Nash |work=[[The Independent]] |date=2007-10-09 |place=Madrid |issn=0951-9467 |oclc=185201487 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925190210/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/europes-oldest-city-is-found-394505.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; haes been a [[Naval Structur o the Spaingie Navy in the New Millennium|principal hame port o the Spaingie Navy]] syne the accession o the [[Hoose o Bourbon|Spaingie Bourbons]] in the 18t century. The ceety is a member o the [[Maist Auncient European Touns Netwirk]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Independent&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Members&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.argos.gr/diktyoe.htm |title=diktyo |first= |last=MAETN |work=classic-web.archive.org |year=1999 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |archive-date=2005-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022022345/http://www.argos.gr/diktyoe.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is an aa the steid o the [[University o Cadiz]].

==Internaitional relations==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}}

===Twin touns — sister ceeties===
Cadiz is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]]  wi:
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]],  [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Les jumelages de Brest&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm |title=Les jumelages de Brest |publisher=Mairie-brest.fr |date= |accessdate=2009-07-07 |archive-date=2009-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715041221/http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Argentina}}  [[Buenos Aires]],  [[Argentinae]]
*{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]
*{{flagicon|UK}}  [[Medway]],  [[Unitit Kinrick]]
*{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]
*{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Tangier]], [[Morocco]]
*{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}}  [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]]
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]],  [[Brazil]]
*{{flagicon|Western Sahara}} [[Dakhla, Wastren Sahara|Dakhla]], [[Wastren Sahara]]
*{{flagicon|USA}}  [[Indio, Californie|Indio]], [[USA]]
*{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Byblos]], [[Lebanon]]
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]: [[A Coruña]], [[Ceuta]], [[Huelva]], [[Móstoles]], [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Torrevieja]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]]: [[Cartagena de Indias]], [[La Dorada, Caldas|La Dorada]], [[Santa Fe de Antioquia]], [[Guaduas]], [[Honda, Tolima|Honda]], [[Ambalema]], [[Mariquita, Tolima|San Sebastián de Mariquita]] &amp; [[Bogotá]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]: [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Puebla]], [[San Pedro Cholula]], &amp; [[Veracruz]]


==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons|Cádiz}}
*[http://www.cadiz.es/ Offeecial Ceety o Cádiz Hamepage]

{{Municipalities in Cádiz}}
{{Caipitals o Provinces in Spain}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadiz}}
[[Category:Cadiz| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o the Province o Cádiz]]
[[Category:Costa de la Luz]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Spain]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Spain]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Constitutional Merit]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Phoenicie colonies in Spain]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Spain]]
[[Category:Roman steids in Spain]]
[[Category:Auncient mints]]
[[Category:Naturalis Historia Book 3: Europe Part 1]]
[[Category:Naturalis Historia Encyclopedia]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Cádiz]]
&lt;!-- The below are interlanguage links --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dinara Safina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3775" sha1="g186qc73dx03ktqyhg3ojbzdgoleu5e" xml:space="preserve">{{Cloning error}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
|image=Safina Roland Garros 2009 1.jpg
|name=Dinara Safina&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Динара Сафина&lt;/small&gt;
|country={{flag|Roushie}}
|residence=Monte Carlo, Monaco
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1986|4|27}}
|birth_place=Moscow, Soviet Union
|height={{height|m=1.82}}&lt;ref name=&quot;WTA_Stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~8108,00.html|title=Player Profiles -&gt; Dinara Safina -&gt; Stats|publisher=WTA|accessdate=June 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|weight={{convert|70|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro=2000
|retired=
|plays=Richt-handit (twa-handit backhand)
|careerprizemoney=US10,585,640
|singlesrecord=360–173 (67.54%)
|singlestitles=12 WTA, 4 ITF
|highestsinglesranking=No. 1 (April 20, 2009)
|AustralianOpenresult=F ([[2009 Australian Open – Women's Singles|2009]])
|FrenchOpenresult=F ([[2008 French Open – Women's Singles|2008]], [[2009 French Open – Women's Singles|2009]])
|Wimbledonresult=SF ([[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles|2009]])
|USOpenresult=SF ([[2008 US Open – Women's Singles|2008]])
|Othertournaments=yes
|WTAChampionshipsresult=RR ([[2008 WTA Tour Championships|2008]])
|Olympicsresult=[[File:Silver medal.svg|20px]] Silver medal ([[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|2008]])
|doublesrecord=181–91
|doublestitles=9 WTA, 3 ITF
|highestdoublesranking=No. 8 (12 Mey 2008)
|grandslamsdoublesresults=yes
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult=QF ([[2004 Australian Open – Women's Doubles|2004]], [[2005 Australian Open – Women's Doubles|2005]])
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult=3R ([[2006 French Open – Women's Doubles|2006]], [[2007 French Open – Women's Doubles|2007]], [[2008 French Open – Women's Doubles|2008]])
|WimbledonDoublesresult=3R ([[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles|2005]], [[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles|2008]])
|USOpenDoublesresult='''W''' ([[2007 US Open – Women's Doubles|2007]])
|OthertournamentsDoubles=yes
|OlympicsDoublesresult=QF ([[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles|2008]])
|updated=October 10, 2011
}}

'''Dinara Mikhailovna Safina''' ({{lang-ru|Динара Михайловна Сафина}}, {{lang-tt|Динара Мөбин кызы Сафина, Dinara Möbin kızı Safina}}), born [[27 Aprile]] 1986 in [[Moscow]], is a Roushie professional tennis player o [[Tatars|Tatar]] backgrund. Safina's career heich rankin is Warld No. 1.

Safina wis runner up in singles at the [[2008 French Open]], [[2009 Australian Open]], an the [[2009 French Open]], fawin tae [[Ana Ivanović]], [[Serena Williams]], an [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]], respectively. She haes haed success at [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] events in weemen's doubles bi winnin the [[2007 US Open (tennis)|2007 US Open]] wi [[Nathalie Dechy]]. She wan the Olympic siller medal in weemen's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing an aw. 

She is the younger sister o umwhile Warld No. 1 men's player [[Marat Safin]]. She an her brither are the first brither-sister tandem in tennis history tae baith achieve No.1 rankins.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safina rises to No.1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wtatour/5127908/Dinara-Safina-to-topple-Serena-Williams-as-world-No-1.html|title=Dinara Safina to topple Serena Williams as world No 1 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |accessdate=September 14, 2009  | first=Mark | last=Hodgkinson | date=April 8, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commonscat|Dinara Safina}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Safina, Dinara}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Sportsfowk frae Moscow]]
[[Category:Roushie female tennis players]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Tatar fowk o Roushie]]

{{Stub/Roushie}}
{{Stub/Sport}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Crimea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3156" sha1="sl1byjix8635fed1r0xq84c030deyqm" xml:space="preserve">{{Other uses|Crimea (disambiguation)}}
{{Coord|45.3|34.4|scale:2000000|display=title}}

{{Infobox peninsulas
|name=Crimean Peninsula
|local name=
|image name=Map_of_the_Crimea.png
|image caption=Satellite image o the Crimean peninsula
|image size=239px
|image alt=
|locator map=Crimea (orthographic projection).svg
|locator map size =239px
|location = Eastren [[Europe]]
|waterbody = &lt;div&gt;[[Black Sea]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sea o Azov]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{Infobox|child=yes
| rowclass1 = mergedrow
| label1 = Largest city
| data1 = [[Sevastopol]]
}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|45.3|34.4|scale:2000000|display=inline}}
|area_km2 = 27000
|highest mount =
|elevation_m = 1545
|Country heading = Claimit bi
|country = {{Flag|Roushie}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal !important;&quot;&gt;(''[[de facto]]'' control)&lt;/span&gt;
|country admin divisions title = [[Federal destricts o Roushie|Federal destrict]]
|country admin divisions = {{nowrap|[[Crimean Federal Destrict]]}}
|country admin divisions title 1 = [[Federal subjects o Roushie|Federal subjects]]
|country admin divisions 1 = {{nowrap|[[Republic o Crimea]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[Sevastopol]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Treaty to accept Crimea, Sevastopol to Russian Federation signed|url=http://rt.com/news/putin-include-crimea-sevastopol-russia-578/|work=rt.com|publisher=Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “TV-Novosti”|accessdate=24 March 2014|date=March 18, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|country 1 = {{Flag|Ukraine}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal !important;&quot;&gt;(internaitionally recognisit)&lt;/span&gt;
|country 1 admin divisions title = [[Oblasts o Ukraine#Leet o regions|Regions]]
|country 1 admin divisions = [[Autonomous Republic o Crimea]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sevastopol]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kherson Oblast]] &lt;small&gt;(northren pairt o [[Arabat Spit]], [[Henichesk Raion]])&lt;/small&gt;
|density_km2 =
|demonym = [[Crimean fowk|Crimean]]
|population = 2.4 million{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}
|population as of=2007
|ethnic groups=[[Roushies]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ukrainians]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Crimean Tatars]]
|additional info=
}}
The '''Crimean Peninsula''' (&lt;!-- NOTE: Russian is listed first because it is the predominant language of the region; languages are listed in order of percent of users in region --&gt;{{lang-ru|Крымский полуостров}}, {{lang-uk|Кримський півострів}}, {{lang-crh|Къырым ярымадасы}}), kent simply as '''Crimea ''' an aw on the northern coast o the [[Black Sea]] is locatit sooth o the [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] region o [[Kherson]] an wast o the [[Roushie]] region o [[Kuban]]. The [[peninsula]] is amaist completely surroondit bi twa seas: the [[Black Sea]] an the smawer [[Sea o Azov]] tae the east. It is connectit tae Kherson bi the [[Isthmus of Perekop]] an is separatit frae Kuban bi the [[Strait o Kerch]]. The [[Arabat Spit]] is locatit tae the northeast; a narrae strip o laund that separates a seestem o lagoons namit [[Sivash]] frae the Sea o Azov.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Crimea| ]]
[[Category:Peninsulas o Europe]]
[[Category:Peninsulas o Ukraine]]
[[Category:Crimean Tatar commonties an territories]]
[[Category:Roushie-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-speakin kintras an territories]]</text>
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      <id>921532</id>
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      <text bytes="3081" sha1="baek8e3hnzgctjytm4ctkxj6xbohk8r" xml:space="preserve">{{Other uses|Crimea (disambiguation)}}
{{Coord|45.3|34.4|scale:2000000|display=title}}

{{Infobox peninsulas
|name=Crimean Peninsula
|image name=Map_of_the_Crimea.png
|image caption=Satellite image o the Crimean peninsula
|image size=239px
|locator map=Crimea (orthographic projection).svg
|locator map size =239px
|location = Eastren [[Europe]]
|waterbody = &lt;div&gt;[[Black Sea]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sea o Azov]]&lt;/div&gt;
{{Infobox|child=yes
| rowclass1 = mergedrow
| label1 = Largest city
| data1 = [[Sevastopol]]
}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|45.3|34.4|scale:2000000|display=inline}}
|area_km2 = 27000
|elevation_m = 1545
|Country heading = Claimit bi
|country = {{Flag|Roushie}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal !important;&quot;&gt;(''[[de facto]]'' control)&lt;/span&gt;
|country admin divisions title = [[Federal destricts o Roushie|Federal destrict]]
|country admin divisions = {{nowrap|[[Crimean Federal Destrict]]}}
|country admin divisions title 1 = [[Federal subjects o Roushie|Federal subjects]]
|country admin divisions 1 = {{nowrap|[[Republic o Crimea]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[Sevastopol]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Treaty to accept Crimea, Sevastopol to Russian Federation signed|url=http://rt.com/news/putin-include-crimea-sevastopol-russia-578/|work=rt.com|publisher=Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “TV-Novosti”|accessdate=24 March 2014|date=March 18, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|country 1 = {{Flag|Ukraine}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal !important;&quot;&gt;(internaitionally recognisit)&lt;/span&gt;
|country 1 admin divisions title = [[Oblasts o Ukraine#Leet o regions|Regions]]
|country 1 admin divisions = [[Autonomous Republic o Crimea]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sevastopol]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kherson Oblast]] &lt;small&gt;(northren pairt o [[Arabat Spit]], [[Henichesk Raion]])&lt;/small&gt;
|demonym = [[Crimean fowk|Crimean]]
|population = 2.4 million{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}
|population as of=2007
|ethnic groups=[[Roushies]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ukrainians]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Crimean Tatars]]
}}
The '''Crimean Peninsula''' (&lt;!-- NOTE: Russian is listed first because it is the predominant language of the region; languages are listed in order of percent of users in region --&gt;{{lang-ru|Крымский полуостров}}, {{lang-uk|Кримський півострів}}, {{lang-crh|Къырым ярымадасы}}), kent simply as '''Crimea ''' an aw on the northern coast o the [[Black Sea]] is locatit sooth o the [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] region o [[Kherson]] an wast o the [[Roushie]] region o [[Kuban]]. The [[peninsula]] is amaist completely surroondit bi twa seas: the [[Black Sea]] an the smawer [[Sea o Azov]] tae the east. It is connectit tae Kherson bi the [[Isthmus of Perekop]] an is separatit frae Kuban bi the [[Strait o Kerch]]. The [[Arabat Spit]] is locatit tae the northeast; a narrae strip o laund that separates a seestem o lagoons namit [[Sivash]] frae the Sea o Azov.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Crimea| ]]
[[Category:Peninsulas o Europe]]
[[Category:Peninsulas o Ukraine]]
[[Category:Crimean Tatar commonties an territories]]
[[Category:Roushie-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-speakin kintras an territories]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vladimir Putin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>32064</id>
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      <text bytes="15024" sha1="6zi69g7qqi15f43ac1308nudylutbd0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|birth_name=Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
|name           = Vladimir Putin
|native_name = Владимир Путин
|native_name_lang = ru
|image          = Владимир Путин (08-03-2024) (cropped).jpg
|caption         = Putin in 2024
|office1         = [[Preses o Roushie]]
|primeminister1  = [[Viktor Zubkov]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|term_start1     = 7 Mey 2012
|term_end1       =
|predecessor1    = Dmitry Medvedev
|successor1      =
|primeminister2 = [[Mikhail Kasyanov]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mikhail Fradkov]]&lt;br&gt;[[Viktor Zubkov]]
|term_start2    = 7 Mey 2000
|term_end2      = 7 Mey 2008&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Acting: 31 December 1999 – 7 Mey 2000&lt;/small&gt;
|predecessor2  = [[Boris Yeltsin]]
|successor2     = [[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|office3        = [[Prime Meenister o Roushie]]
|president3     = [[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|deputy3        = [[Igor Shuvalov]]
|term_start3    = 8 Mey 2008
|term_end3      = 7 Mey 2012
|predecessor3   = [[Viktor Zubkov]]
|successor3     = [[Viktor Zubkov]]
|president4     = [[Boris Yeltsin]]
|deputy4        = [[Viktor Khristenko]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mikhail Kasyanov]]
|term_start4    = 9 August 1999
|term_end4      = 7 Mey 2000&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Acting: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999
|predecessor4   = [[Sergei Stepashin]]
|successor4     = [[Mikhail Kasyanov]]
|office5        = [[Unitit Roushie|Leader o Unitit Roushie]]
|term_start5    = 1 Januar 2008
|term_end5      = 30 Mey 2012
|predecessor5   = [[Boris Gryzlov]]
|successor5     = [[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|office6        = [[Federal Security Service (Roushie)|Director o the Federal Security Service]]
|president6     = [[Boris Yeltsin]]
|term_start6    = 25 Julie 1998
|term_end6      = 29 Mairch 1999
|predecessor6   = [[Nikolay Kovalyov (politeecian)|Nikolay Kovalyov]]
|successor6     = [[Nikolai Patrushev]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1952|10|7|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
|death_date     =
|death_place    =
|party          = [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]] &lt;small&gt;(1975-1991)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Oor Hame – Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;(1995–1999)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Unity (Roushie poleetical pairty)|Unity]] &lt;small&gt;(1999–2001)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]] &lt;small&gt;(1991–1995; 2001–2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Unitit Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;(2008–present)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[Fowk's Front for Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;(2011–present)&lt;/small&gt;
|spouse         = {{marriage|[[Lyudmila Putina]]|1983|2013}}
|children       = Mariya&lt;br&gt;Yekaterina
|religion       = [[Roushie Orthodoxy]]
|alma_mater     = [[Saunt Petersburg State Varsity|Leningrad State Varsity]]
|signature      = Putin signature.svg
|website        = {{Official website|http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru}}
|allegiance     = {{USSR}}
|branch         = [[KGB]]
|serviceyears   = 1975–1991
|rank           = [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
|awards         =  [[File:Orden of Honour.png|40 px|link=Order o Honour (Roushie Federation)]]
}}
'''Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin''' ({{lang-ru|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин|p=vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn|a=ru-Putin.ogg}}; born 7 October 1952) is a [[Roushie]] politeecian that is [[Leet o Preses o the Roushie Federation|seicont]] [[Preses o Roushie|Preses o the]] [[Roushie]] Federation the nou an wis the [[Prime Meenister o Roushie]], as weel as chairman o [[Unitit Roushie]] an Chairman o the Cooncil o Meenisters o the [[Union State]]. He became [[Preses o Roushie|actin Preses]] on 31 December 1999, whan preses [[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned in a surprisin muive. Putin wan the 2000 presidential election an in 2004 he wis re-elected for a seicont term lastin till 7 Mey 2008. He wis reelect in 2012.

For 16 year Putin wis an officer in the [[KGB]], risin tae the rank o [[Podpolkovnik|Lieutenant Colonel]] afore he retired tae enter politics in his native [[Saunt Petersburg]] in 1991. He flittit tae Moscow in 1996 an jyned Preses [[Boris Yeltsin]]'s admeenistration whaur he rose tite, acomin [[Actin Preses o the Roushie Federation|Actin Preses]] on 31 December 1999 whan Yeltsin  unexpectit resigned. Putin won the subsequent [[Roushie presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]], despite widespread accusations o vote-riggin,&lt;ref&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/919928.stm&lt;/ref&gt; an wis [[Roushie presidential election, 2004|reelectit in 2004]]. Acause o [[Constitution o Roushie|constitutionally mandatit term leemits]], Putin wis ineligible tae run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008. [[Dmitry Medvedev]] won the [[Roushie presidential election, 2008|2008 presidential election]] an appyntit Putin as [[Prime Meenister o Roushie|Prime Meenister]], beginnin a period o sae-caed [[Duumvirate|&quot;tandemocracy&quot;]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Hale|first=Henry E.|author2=Timothy J. Colton|date=8 September 2009|title=Russians and the Putin-Medvedev &quot;Tandemocracy&quot;: A Survey-Based Portrait of the 2007–08 Election Season|journal=The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research|publisher=University of Washington|location=Seattle, WA|url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2009_823-03_2_Hale.pdf|accessdate=15 March 2012|archive-date=2012-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609172645/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2009_823-03_2_Hale.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2011, follaein a chynge in the law extendin the presidential term frae fower year tae sax,&lt;ref&gt;Vasilyeva, Natallya.  [http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/2012/04/12/337618/Putin-claims.htm &quot;Putin claims to support term limits as he readies to take helm for 3rd time&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828204922/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/2012/04/12/337618/Putin-claims.htm |date=2014-08-28 }}, ''[[China Post]]'' (12 April 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; Putin annoonced that he wad seek a third, non-consecutive term as Preses in the [[Russian presidential election, 2012|2012 presidential election]], an announcement that led tae [[2011–13 Roushie protests|lairge-scale protests in mony Roushie ceeties]]. In Mairch 2012, he won the election, that wis criticized for procedural irregularities, an is servin a sax-year term.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20120304/171708401.html |title=Putin Hails Vote Victory, Opponents Cry Foul |agency=RIA Novosti |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731182616/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20120304/171708401.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/elections-in-russia-world-awaits-for.html|title=Elections in Russia: World Awaits for Putin to Reclaim the Kremlin|date=March 2012|publisher=The World Reporter|accessdate=March 2012|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009110037/https://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/elections-in-russia-world-awaits-for.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mony o Putin's actions are regardit bi the domestic opposeetion an foreign observers as undemocratic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Treisman, D|title=Is Russia's Experiment with Democracy Over?|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|publisher=UCLA International Institute|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=2004-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111074502/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 2011 [[Democracy Index]] statit that Roushie wis in &quot;a lang process o regression [that] culminatit in a move frae a hybrid tae an [[authoritarian]] regime&quot; in view o Putin's candidacy an flawed pairlamentary elections.&lt;ref&gt;[[Democracy Index]] 2011, http://www.sida.se/Global/About%20Sida/Så%20arbetar%20vi/EIU_Democracy_Index_Dec2011.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617042553/http://www.sida.se/Global/About%20Sida/S%C3%A5%20arbetar%20vi/EIU_Democracy_Index_Dec2011.pdf |date=2012-06-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, Roushie wis temporarily suspendit frae the [[G8]] group as a result o its [[annexation o Crimea]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/politics/obama-europe-trip/ U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8], CNN&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3 |title=Russia Temporarily Kicked Out Of G8 Club Of Rich Countries |publisher=Business Insider |date=2013-06-18 |accessdate=2014-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

During Putin's first premiership an presidency (1999–2008) real incomes in Roushie rose bi a factor o 2.5, while real wages mair nor tripled; unemployment an poverty mair nor halved. Roushies' self-assessed life satisfaction rose signeeficantly an aa.&lt;ref name=&quot;challenges_p12&quot;&gt;{{cite book|editors=Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, Andrew C. Kuchins|title=Russia After the Global Economic Crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu|chapter=Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis|last1=Guriev|first1=Sergei|last2=Tsyvinski|first2=Aleh|publisher=Peterson Institute for International Economics; Centre for Strategic and International Studies; New Economic School|year=2010|isbn=9780881324976|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu/page/12 12]–13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Putin's first presidency wis markit bi heich economic growth: the [[Roushie economy]] grew for aicht year, seein GDP increase bi 72% in [[Purchasing pouer parity|PPP]] (as for nominal GDP, 600%).&lt;ref name=&quot;challenges_p12&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=nbc&gt;{{cite news|title=Russians weigh Putin's protégé|agency=Associated Press|location=Moscow|date=3 May 2008|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24443419/print/1/displaymode/1098/|accessdate=29 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&amp;pr.y=13&amp;sy=1992&amp;ey=2007&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=922&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=GDP of Russia from 1992 to 2007] [[International Monetary Fund]]. Retrieved 12 May 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=stats&gt;{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080301/100381963.html |title=Russia's economy under Vladimir Putin: achievements and failures |agency=RIA Novosti |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020517/http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080301/100381963.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=russiaprofile&gt;[http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html Putin's Economy&amp;nbsp;– Eight Years On] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024211354/http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html |date=2011-10-24 }}. Russia Profile, 15 August 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2008&lt;/ref&gt; This growth wis a combined result o the [[2000s commodities boom]], heich ile prices, as weel as prudent economic an fiscal policies.&lt;ref&gt;''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by [[Richard Sakwa]], Chapter 9&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin'', Yale University Press (2013), by Ben Judah, page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

As Roushie's preses, Putin an the [[Federal Assembly (Roushie)|Federal Assembly]] passed intae law a flat [[income tax]] o 13%, a reduced profits tax, an new land an legal codes.&lt;ref name=progress&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/06/b99061.html|title=The Putin Paradox|publisher=Americanprogress.org|date=24 June 2004|accessdate=2 March 2010|archive-date=2012-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513113229/http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/06/b99061.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sharlet&gt;{{cite book|last=Sharlet|first=Robert|title=Developments in Russian Politics|editor=White, Gitelman, Sakwa|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2005|volume=6|chapter=In Search of the Rule of Law|isbn=0-8223-3522-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; As Prime Meenister, Putin owersaw lairge-scale [[Roushie militar reform|militar]] an [[Roushie polis reform|polis reform]]. His [[energy policy o Roushie|energy policy]] haes affirmed Roushie's poseetion as an [[energy superpouer]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&amp;id=860&amp;&amp;prog=zru How Sustainable is Russia's Future as an Energy Superpower?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712025414/http://carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail |date=2016-07-12 }}, by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 16 March 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/051302Energy.shtml Russia: The 21st Century's Energy Superpower?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013144848/http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/051302Energy.shtml |date=2006-10-13 }}, by Fiona Hill, The Brookings Institution, 5 October 2002&lt;/ref&gt; Putin supportit heich-tech industries lik the [[nuclear pouer in Roushie|nuclear]] an [[defence industry o Roushie|defence industries]]. A rise in foreign investment&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm ПОСТУПЛЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ ПО ТИПАМ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213073312/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm |date=2022-02-13 }} [[Rosstat]]&lt;/ref&gt; contreibutit tae a boom in such sectors as the [[automotive industry o Russia|automotive industry]]. Housamever, caipital investment recently dropped 2.5% acause o the crisis in Ukraine accordin tae forecasts bi economists frae the [[IMF]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IMF cuts Russia 2014 growth outlook, cites Ukraine risk|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/30/us-russia-economy-imf-idUSBREA3T07H20140430|website=Reuters|access-date=2015-02-28|archive-date=2015-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214011208/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/30/us-russia-economy-imf-idUSBREA3T07H20140430|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Current G8 Leaders}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Putin, Vladimir}}
[[Category:Vladimir Putin| ]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2003 Tuzla island conflict]]
[[Category:Actin Preses o Roushie]]
[[Category:Directors o the Federal Security Service]]
[[Category:Eastren Orthodox Christians frae Roushie]]
[[Category:FSB officers]]
[[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Heids o govrenment o the Roushie Federation]]
[[Category:Independent politeecians]]
[[Category:KGB officers]]
[[Category:Kyokushin kaikan practeetioners]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Oor Hame – Roushie politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Saunt Petersburg]]
[[Category:Fowk o the 2014 Crimean crisis]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Chechen wars]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Roushie-Georgie War]]
[[Category:Plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Preses o Roushie]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Sava]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Zayed]]
[[Category:Roushie judoka]]
[[Category:Roushie karateka]]
[[Category:Roushie Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Roushie sambo practeetioners]]
[[Category:Saunt Petersburg State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Unitit Roushie politeecians]]


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      <text bytes="14950" sha1="ru6q9a29c64zdfh33k9slmcvuuprn2x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|birth_name=Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
|name           = Vladimir Putin
|native_name = Владимир Путин
|native_name_lang = ru
|image          = Владимир Путин (08-03-2024) (cropped).jpg
|caption         = Putin in 2024
|office1         = [[Preses o Roushie]]
|primeminister1  = [[Viktor Zubkov]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|term_start1     = 7 Mey 2012
|predecessor1    = Dmitry Medvedev
|primeminister2 = [[Mikhail Kasyanov]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mikhail Fradkov]]&lt;br&gt;[[Viktor Zubkov]]
|term_start2    = 7 Mey 2000
|term_end2      = 7 Mey 2008&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Acting: 31 December 1999 – 7 Mey 2000&lt;/small&gt;
|predecessor2  = [[Boris Yeltsin]]
|successor2     = [[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|office3        = [[Prime Meenister o Roushie]]
|president3     = [[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|deputy3        = [[Igor Shuvalov]]
|term_start3    = 8 Mey 2008
|term_end3      = 7 Mey 2012
|predecessor3   = [[Viktor Zubkov]]
|successor3     = [[Viktor Zubkov]]
|president4     = [[Boris Yeltsin]]
|deputy4        = [[Viktor Khristenko]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mikhail Kasyanov]]
|term_start4    = 9 August 1999
|term_end4      = 7 Mey 2000&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Acting: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999
|predecessor4   = [[Sergei Stepashin]]
|successor4     = [[Mikhail Kasyanov]]
|office5        = [[Unitit Roushie|Leader o Unitit Roushie]]
|term_start5    = 1 Januar 2008
|term_end5      = 30 Mey 2012
|predecessor5   = [[Boris Gryzlov]]
|successor5     = [[Dmitry Medvedev]]
|office6        = [[Federal Security Service (Roushie)|Director o the Federal Security Service]]
|president6     = [[Boris Yeltsin]]
|term_start6    = 25 Julie 1998
|term_end6      = 29 Mairch 1999
|predecessor6   = [[Nikolay Kovalyov (politeecian)|Nikolay Kovalyov]]
|successor6     = [[Nikolai Patrushev]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1952|10|7|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
|party          = [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]] &lt;small&gt;(1975-1991)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Oor Hame – Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;(1995–1999)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Unity (Roushie poleetical pairty)|Unity]] &lt;small&gt;(1999–2001)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]] &lt;small&gt;(1991–1995; 2001–2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Unitit Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;(2008–present)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[Fowk's Front for Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;(2011–present)&lt;/small&gt;
|spouse         = {{marriage|[[Lyudmila Putina]]|1983|2013}}
|children       = Mariya&lt;br&gt;Yekaterina
|religion       = [[Roushie Orthodoxy]]
|alma_mater     = [[Saunt Petersburg State Varsity|Leningrad State Varsity]]
|signature      = Putin signature.svg
|website        = {{Official website|http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru}}
|allegiance     = {{USSR}}
|branch         = [[KGB]]
|serviceyears   = 1975–1991
|rank           = [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
|awards         =  [[File:Orden of Honour.png|40 px|link=Order o Honour (Roushie Federation)]]
}}
'''Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin''' ({{lang-ru|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин|p=vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn|a=ru-Putin.ogg}}; born 7 October 1952) is a [[Roushie]] politeecian that is [[Leet o Preses o the Roushie Federation|seicont]] [[Preses o Roushie|Preses o the]] [[Roushie]] Federation the nou an wis the [[Prime Meenister o Roushie]], as weel as chairman o [[Unitit Roushie]] an Chairman o the Cooncil o Meenisters o the [[Union State]]. He became [[Preses o Roushie|actin Preses]] on 31 December 1999, whan preses [[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned in a surprisin muive. Putin wan the 2000 presidential election an in 2004 he wis re-elected for a seicont term lastin till 7 Mey 2008. He wis reelect in 2012.

For 16 year Putin wis an officer in the [[KGB]], risin tae the rank o [[Podpolkovnik|Lieutenant Colonel]] afore he retired tae enter politics in his native [[Saunt Petersburg]] in 1991. He flittit tae Moscow in 1996 an jyned Preses [[Boris Yeltsin]]'s admeenistration whaur he rose tite, acomin [[Actin Preses o the Roushie Federation|Actin Preses]] on 31 December 1999 whan Yeltsin  unexpectit resigned. Putin won the subsequent [[Roushie presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]], despite widespread accusations o vote-riggin,&lt;ref&gt;http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/919928.stm&lt;/ref&gt; an wis [[Roushie presidential election, 2004|reelectit in 2004]]. Acause o [[Constitution o Roushie|constitutionally mandatit term leemits]], Putin wis ineligible tae run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008. [[Dmitry Medvedev]] won the [[Roushie presidential election, 2008|2008 presidential election]] an appyntit Putin as [[Prime Meenister o Roushie|Prime Meenister]], beginnin a period o sae-caed [[Duumvirate|&quot;tandemocracy&quot;]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Hale|first=Henry E.|author2=Timothy J. Colton|date=8 September 2009|title=Russians and the Putin-Medvedev &quot;Tandemocracy&quot;: A Survey-Based Portrait of the 2007–08 Election Season|journal=The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research|publisher=University of Washington|location=Seattle, WA|url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2009_823-03_2_Hale.pdf|accessdate=15 March 2012|archive-date=2012-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609172645/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2009_823-03_2_Hale.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2011, follaein a chynge in the law extendin the presidential term frae fower year tae sax,&lt;ref&gt;Vasilyeva, Natallya.  [http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/2012/04/12/337618/Putin-claims.htm &quot;Putin claims to support term limits as he readies to take helm for 3rd time&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828204922/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/2012/04/12/337618/Putin-claims.htm |date=2014-08-28 }}, ''[[China Post]]'' (12 April 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; Putin annoonced that he wad seek a third, non-consecutive term as Preses in the [[Russian presidential election, 2012|2012 presidential election]], an announcement that led tae [[2011–13 Roushie protests|lairge-scale protests in mony Roushie ceeties]]. In Mairch 2012, he won the election, that wis criticized for procedural irregularities, an is servin a sax-year term.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20120304/171708401.html |title=Putin Hails Vote Victory, Opponents Cry Foul |agency=RIA Novosti |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731182616/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20120304/171708401.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/elections-in-russia-world-awaits-for.html|title=Elections in Russia: World Awaits for Putin to Reclaim the Kremlin|date=March 2012|publisher=The World Reporter|accessdate=March 2012|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009110037/https://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/elections-in-russia-world-awaits-for.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mony o Putin's actions are regardit bi the domestic opposeetion an foreign observers as undemocratic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Treisman, D|title=Is Russia's Experiment with Democracy Over?|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|publisher=UCLA International Institute|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=2004-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111074502/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 2011 [[Democracy Index]] statit that Roushie wis in &quot;a lang process o regression [that] culminatit in a move frae a hybrid tae an [[authoritarian]] regime&quot; in view o Putin's candidacy an flawed pairlamentary elections.&lt;ref&gt;[[Democracy Index]] 2011, http://www.sida.se/Global/About%20Sida/Så%20arbetar%20vi/EIU_Democracy_Index_Dec2011.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617042553/http://www.sida.se/Global/About%20Sida/S%C3%A5%20arbetar%20vi/EIU_Democracy_Index_Dec2011.pdf |date=2012-06-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, Roushie wis temporarily suspendit frae the [[G8]] group as a result o its [[annexation o Crimea]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/politics/obama-europe-trip/ U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8], CNN&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3 |title=Russia Temporarily Kicked Out Of G8 Club Of Rich Countries |publisher=Business Insider |date=2013-06-18 |accessdate=2014-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

During Putin's first premiership an presidency (1999–2008) real incomes in Roushie rose bi a factor o 2.5, while real wages mair nor tripled; unemployment an poverty mair nor halved. Roushies' self-assessed life satisfaction rose signeeficantly an aa.&lt;ref name=&quot;challenges_p12&quot;&gt;{{cite book|editors=Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, Andrew C. Kuchins|title=Russia After the Global Economic Crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu|chapter=Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis|last1=Guriev|first1=Sergei|last2=Tsyvinski|first2=Aleh|publisher=Peterson Institute for International Economics; Centre for Strategic and International Studies; New Economic School|year=2010|isbn=9780881324976|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu/page/12 12]–13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Putin's first presidency wis markit bi heich economic growth: the [[Roushie economy]] grew for aicht year, seein GDP increase bi 72% in [[Purchasing pouer parity|PPP]] (as for nominal GDP, 600%).&lt;ref name=&quot;challenges_p12&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=nbc&gt;{{cite news|title=Russians weigh Putin's protégé|agency=Associated Press|location=Moscow|date=3 May 2008|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24443419/print/1/displaymode/1098/|accessdate=29 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&amp;pr.y=13&amp;sy=1992&amp;ey=2007&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=922&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=GDP of Russia from 1992 to 2007] [[International Monetary Fund]]. Retrieved 12 May 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=stats&gt;{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080301/100381963.html |title=Russia's economy under Vladimir Putin: achievements and failures |agency=RIA Novosti |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020517/http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080301/100381963.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=russiaprofile&gt;[http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html Putin's Economy&amp;nbsp;– Eight Years On] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024211354/http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html |date=2011-10-24 }}. Russia Profile, 15 August 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2008&lt;/ref&gt; This growth wis a combined result o the [[2000s commodities boom]], heich ile prices, as weel as prudent economic an fiscal policies.&lt;ref&gt;''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by [[Richard Sakwa]], Chapter 9&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin'', Yale University Press (2013), by Ben Judah, page 17&lt;/ref&gt;

As Roushie's preses, Putin an the [[Federal Assembly (Roushie)|Federal Assembly]] passed intae law a flat [[income tax]] o 13%, a reduced profits tax, an new land an legal codes.&lt;ref name=progress&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/06/b99061.html|title=The Putin Paradox|publisher=Americanprogress.org|date=24 June 2004|accessdate=2 March 2010|archive-date=2012-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513113229/http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/06/b99061.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sharlet&gt;{{cite book|last=Sharlet|first=Robert|title=Developments in Russian Politics|editor=White, Gitelman, Sakwa|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2005|volume=6|chapter=In Search of the Rule of Law|isbn=0-8223-3522-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; As Prime Meenister, Putin owersaw lairge-scale [[Roushie militar reform|militar]] an [[Roushie polis reform|polis reform]]. His [[energy policy o Roushie|energy policy]] haes affirmed Roushie's poseetion as an [[energy superpouer]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&amp;id=860&amp;&amp;prog=zru How Sustainable is Russia's Future as an Energy Superpower?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712025414/http://carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail |date=2016-07-12 }}, by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 16 March 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/051302Energy.shtml Russia: The 21st Century's Energy Superpower?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013144848/http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/051302Energy.shtml |date=2006-10-13 }}, by Fiona Hill, The Brookings Institution, 5 October 2002&lt;/ref&gt; Putin supportit heich-tech industries lik the [[nuclear pouer in Roushie|nuclear]] an [[defence industry o Roushie|defence industries]]. A rise in foreign investment&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm ПОСТУПЛЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ ПО ТИПАМ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213073312/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm |date=2022-02-13 }} [[Rosstat]]&lt;/ref&gt; contreibutit tae a boom in such sectors as the [[automotive industry o Russia|automotive industry]]. Housamever, caipital investment recently dropped 2.5% acause o the crisis in Ukraine accordin tae forecasts bi economists frae the [[IMF]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IMF cuts Russia 2014 growth outlook, cites Ukraine risk|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/30/us-russia-economy-imf-idUSBREA3T07H20140430|website=Reuters|access-date=2015-02-28|archive-date=2015-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214011208/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/30/us-russia-economy-imf-idUSBREA3T07H20140430|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Current G8 Leaders}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Putin, Vladimir}}
[[Category:Vladimir Putin| ]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2003 Tuzla island conflict]]
[[Category:Actin Preses o Roushie]]
[[Category:Directors o the Federal Security Service]]
[[Category:Eastren Orthodox Christians frae Roushie]]
[[Category:FSB officers]]
[[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Heids o govrenment o the Roushie Federation]]
[[Category:Independent politeecians]]
[[Category:KGB officers]]
[[Category:Kyokushin kaikan practeetioners]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Oor Hame – Roushie politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Saunt Petersburg]]
[[Category:Fowk o the 2014 Crimean crisis]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Chechen wars]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Roushie-Georgie War]]
[[Category:Plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Preses o Roushie]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Sava]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Zayed]]
[[Category:Roushie judoka]]
[[Category:Roushie karateka]]
[[Category:Roushie Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Roushie sambo practeetioners]]
[[Category:Saunt Petersburg State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Unitit Roushie politeecians]]


{{Stub/RoushiePoliteecian}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lusine Gevorkyan</title>
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      <text bytes="3327" sha1="0hpnpmuc42u057t48jlq6tw5amzwf7d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist
|name = Lusine Gevorkyan
|image = Lousine Gevorkian.jpg
|caption = 
|background = solo_singer
|birth_name = 
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|2|21}}
|death_date =
|origin = [[Kapan]], [[Armenie Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenie]], [[Soviet Union]]
|genre = [[Rock muisic|Rock]], [[Nu metal]],&lt;br&gt; [[Alternative metal]]
|years_active = 2003 – present
|label =  
|website = 
}}

'''Lusine «Lou» Gevorkyan''' ({{lang-ru|Лусинэ Аркадьевна Геворкян}}, ''Lusine Arkadyevna Gevorkyan'', {{lang-hy|Լուսինե Գևորգյան}}, born 21 Februar 1983) is a [[Roushie]]-[[Armenies|Armenie]] sangster, currently the lead sangster o Roushie [[nu metal]] baunds [[Tracktor Bowling]] an [[Louna]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Archived copy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cgnf.ru/art_open.php?id=450 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-04 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035116/http://cgnf.ru/art_open.php?id=450 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsmusic.ru/news_3_24681.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-04 |archive-date=2012-09-13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913044210/http://www.newsmusic.ru/news_3_24681.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gevorkyan wis born in [[Kapan]]. She wis ane o the foondin members o the Roushie baund ''Sfera Vliyaniya'', but she left this group ane year efter the establishment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://muslib.ru/b920762/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-04 |archive-date=2017-11-17 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171117221806/http://muslib.ru/b920762/%D0%A1%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, she wis picked as the lead sangster o anither project, ''[[Tracktor Bowling]]'', that became ane o the maist popular metal baunds frae Roushie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fuzz-magazine.ru/reviews/49-music/3921-tracktor-bowling-tracktor-bowling |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-04 |archive-date=2012-04-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67BlEQPR3?url=http://www.fuzz-magazine.ru/reviews/49-music/3921-tracktor-bowling-tracktor-bowling |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2008, she foondit ane mair group, ''[[Louna]]'', an therefore Lusine appears in baith baunds.&lt;ref name=&quot;Archived copy&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.campus-online.ru/PDF/2-2011.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-02 |archive-date=2013-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602053133/http://www.campus-online.ru/PDF/2-2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.tracktorbowling.ru/ Tracktor Bowling's offeecial page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919002047/http://www.tracktorbowling.ru/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://www.louna.ru/ Louna's offeecial page]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gevorkyan, Lusine}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Kapan]]
[[Category:Roushie Armenies]]
[[Category:Roushie female sangsters]]
[[Category:Roushie sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:Female hivy metal sangsters]]
[[Category:Roushie hivy metal sangsters]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid sangsters o Roushie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yekaterinburg</title>
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      <text bytes="24399" sha1="qv5j0yf102xsl7i1nlbeqyuzr1fn6z7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Yekaterinburg
|ru_name=Екатеринбург
|image_skyline= Catherineburg.JPG
|image_caption=The skyline o Yekaterinburg
|coordinates = {{coord|56|50|N|60|35|E|display=inline,title}}
|image_map=
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|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk oblast).svg
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|image_flag=Flag of Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk oblast).svg
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=3rd Seturday o August
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=
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|adm_ctr_of=[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
|adm_ctr_of_ref=
|inhabloc_cat=Ceety
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|urban_okrug_jur=Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=
|mun_admctr_of=
|mun_admctr_of_ref=
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;news101123&quot;/&gt;
|leader_name=Yevgeny Porunov
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;news101123&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/news_Ekaterinburg/0/638/ |title=Eugenie Porunov has been elected the Head of Ekaterinburg – the Chairman of the Ekaterinburg city Duma |publisher=Ekburg.ru |date= |accessdate=2012-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|representative_body=[[Yekaterinburg Ceety Duma|Ceety Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=1350136
|pop_2010census_rank=4t
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census_prelim}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_2002census=1293537
|pop_2002census_rank=5t
|pop_2002census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2002Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_density=
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|pop_latest=
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|established_date=18 November 1723
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|prev_name1=Yekaterinburg
|prev_name1_date=1924
|prev_name1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;ekburg.ru&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/about_Ekaterinburg/history_Ekaterinburg/ |title=History - Официальный портал Екатеринбурга |publisher=Ekburg.ru |date=1934-01-07 |accessdate=2012-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|prev_name2=Sverdlovsk
|prev_name2_date=1991
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'''Yekaterinburg''' ({{lang-rus|Екатеринбу́рг|p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk}}, [[romanisation o Roushie|romanizit]] as ''Ekaterinburg'' an aw) is the fowert-lairgest [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in Roushie wi a population o 1,398,889 (2012). It is situatit in the middle o the [[Eurasie]] continent, on the mairch o [[Europe]] an [[Asie]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ekaterinburg-ural.com/where-ekaterinburg-russia |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-19 |archive-date=2017-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722021400/http://www.ekaterinburg-ural.com/where-ekaterinburg-russia |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yekaterinburg is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]] an the main [[industrie|industrial]] an [[cultur]]al center o the [[Ural Federal Destrict]]. Atween 1924 an 1991, the ceety [[geografical renamin|wis namit]] '''Sverdlovsk''' ({{lang|ru|Свердло́вск}}) efter the [[Bolshevik|Communist]] pairty leader [[Yakov Sverdlov]].

Internationally Yekaterinburg is best kent as a ceety whaur the last Roushie Tsar [[Nicholas II o Roushie|Nicholas II]] an his family wur [[Shuitin o the Romanov family|executit in 1918]].

==History==

[[File:Ekaterinbourg.jpeg|thumb|Snaw-covered statue o [[Yakov Sverdlov]]]]

It wis foondit in 1723 bi [[Vasily Tatishchev]] an [[Georg Wilhelm de Gennin]] an namit efter [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]]'s wife [[Catherine I]] (Yekaterina).&lt;ref name=&quot;Haywood&quot;&gt;Haywood, A. J. (2010). ''Siberia: A Cultural History'', Oxford University Press, p.&amp;nbsp;32&lt;/ref&gt; The offeecial date o the ceety's foundation is 18 November 1723.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haywood&quot; /&gt; It wis grantit toun status in 1796.

Suin efter the [[October Revolution]], on 17 Julie 1918, Tsar [[Nicholas II o Roushie|Nicholas&amp;nbsp;II]], his wife [[Alexandra o Hesse|Alexandra]], an thair childer Grand Duchesses [[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna o Roushie|Olga]], [[Grand Duchess Tatiana o Roushie|Tatyana]], [[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna o Roushie (1899–1918)|Maria]], [[Grand Duchess Anastasia o Roushie|Anastasia]], an Tsarevich [[Tsarevich Alexei o Roushie|Alexey]] wur executit bi the [[Bolshevik]]s at the [[Ipatiev Hoose]] in this ceety.  Ither members o the [[Hoose o Romanov|Romanov faimily]] wur killed at [[Alapayevsk]] the day efter. In 1977, the Ipatiev Hoose wis demolished bi order o [[Boris Yeltsin]], tae prevent it frae bein uised as a rallyin location for monarchists. He later became the first [[Preses o Roushie]] an representit the fowk at the funeral o the Tsar in 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/monitoring/134401.stm |title=President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder |publisher=BBC News |date=1998-07-17 |accessdate=2012-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Crkva na korvi.JPG|thumb|left|[[Kirk o Aw Saints, Yekaterinburg|Cathedral on the bluid]] stands on the steid o the Ipatiev House, whaur the Romanovs—the last ryal faimily o Roushie—wur executit]]

Durin the 1930s, Yekaterinburg wis ane o several places developit bi the Soviet govrenment as a centre o hivy industrie, durin which time the famous [[Uralmash]] wis biggit. Then, durin [[Warld War II]], mony state technical institutions an whole factories wur relocatit tae Yekaterinburg awa frae war-affectit auries (maistly Moscow), wi mony o thaim stayin in Yekaterinburg efter the victory. The [[Hermitage Museum]] collections wur pairtly evacuatit frae [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]] tae Yekaterinburg (kent as Sverdlovsk durin Soviet times) in Julie 1941 an remained thare till October 1945 an aw.

The lookalike five-story [[apairtment block]]s that remain the day in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, an ither [[residential aurie]]s o Yekaterinburg sprang up in the 1960s, unner the direction o [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khrushchev]]'s govrenment.

On 1 Mey 1960, an American [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] spy plane, pilotit bi [[Francis Gary Powers]] while unner the employ o the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], wis shot doun ower Sverdlovsk Oblast. He wis captured, put on trial, foond guilty o [[espionage]] an sentencit tae seiven years o [[slave labor|haurd labour]]. He servit anerlie aboot a year afore bein exchyngit for [[Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher|Rudolph Abel]], a heich-rankin [[KGB]] spy, who haed been apprehendit in the Unitit States in 1957.

Thare wis an [[anthrax disease|anthrax]] [[outbreak]] in Yekaterinburg in Aprile an Mey 1979, which wis attributit tae a release frae the Sverdlovsk-19 militar facility.&lt;ref&gt;Matthew S. Meselson, et al., &quot;The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979&quot;, ''Science'' 266:5188 (18 November 1994): 1202–1208.&lt;/ref&gt;

Durin the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|1991 coup d'état attempt]], Sverdlovsk, the hame ceety o Preses Boris Yeltsin, wis selectit bi him as a reserve caipital for the Roushie Federation, in the event that Moscow became too dangerous for the Roushie govrenment. A reserve cabinet heidit bi [[Oleg Lobov]] wis sent tae the ceety, whaur Yeltsin enjoyed strang popular support at that time.&lt;ref&gt;Martin McCauley, &quot;Who's who in Russia since 1900&quot;, ''Routledge'', 1997: p.133.&lt;/ref&gt; Shortly efter the failur o the coup an subsequent [[dissolution o the Soviet Union]], the ceety regained its historical name Yekaterinburg.

==Admeenistrative an municipal status==
Yekaterinburg is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[oblast]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SverdlovskO_adm&quot;&gt;Law #30-OZ&lt;/ref&gt; Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o the admeenistrative diveesions]], it is, thegither wi twinty-nine [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|landwart localities]], incorporatit as the '''[[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety]] o Yekaterinburg'''&lt;ref name=&quot;OKATO&quot;&gt;{{OKATO reference|65 401}}&lt;/ref&gt;—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Sverdlovsk Oblast|destricts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SverdlovskO_adm&quot; /&gt; As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the Ceety o Yekaterinburg is incorporatit as '''Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;SverdlovskO_mun&quot;&gt;Law #85-OZ&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie an climate==
[[File:Вид на городской пруд.jpg|thumb|Central Yekaterinburg an the Iset River]]

Yekaterinburg is situatit on the mairch o Europe an Asie, {{convert|1667|km|sp=us}} east o Moscow, on the eastren side o the [[Ural Muntains]] on the [[Iset River]]. It is surroondit bi pairtially firthit plains, mainly cultivatit for agricultural purposes, an sma lakes. The ceety featurs a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'') unner the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The winter lasts for aboot sax month—frae October till the middle o Apryle—an the temperatur mey faw tae {{convert|-45|C}}, tho rarely lawer than {{convert|-20|C}} tae {{convert|-25|C}}. Simmer in the Urals is short, wi wairm wather for anerlie 65–70 days an an average temperatur o {{convert|+18|C}}. The ceety's location &quot;ahint&quot; the muntain range an heichlie variable winds mean that the wather is quite chyngeable frae ane day tae the next an frae year tae year.

{{Weather box
|location=Yekaterinburg
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=5.6
|Feb record high C=9.4
|Mar record high C=17.3
|Apr record high C=28.8
|May record high C=33.4
|Jun record high C=35.6
|Jul record high C=38.8
|Aug record high C=37.2
|Sep record high C=31.9
|Oct record high C = 24.7
|Nov record high C = 13.5
|Dec record high C = 5.9
|year record high C = 38.8
|Jan high C = -9.1
|Feb high C = -6.8
|Mar high C = 1.0
|Apr high C = 9.8
|May high C = 17.4
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Jul high C = 24.4
|Aug high C = 21.1
|Sep high C = 14.5
|Oct high C = 6.8
|Nov high C = -2.8
|Dec high C = -7.9
|year high C = 7.6
|Jan mean C = -12.6
|Feb mean C = -11.1
|Mar mean C = -3.8
|Apr mean C = 4.3
|May mean C = 11.3
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 19.0
|Aug mean C = 15.9
|Sep mean C = 9.8
|Oct mean C = 3.4
|Nov mean C = -5.8
|Dec mean C = -11.0
|year mean C = 3.0
|Jan low C = -15.7
|Feb low C = -14.5
|Mar low C = -7.6
|Apr low C = 0.0
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 12.1
|Jul low C = 14.4
|Aug low C = 11.9
|Sep low C = 6.4
|Oct low C = 0.7
|Nov low C = -8.3
|Dec low C = -13.7
|year low C = -0.7
|Jan record low C = -44.6
|Feb record low C = -42.4
|Mar record low C = -39.2
|Apr record low C = -21.8
|May record low C = -13.5
|Jun record low C = -2.3
|Jul record low C = 1.5
|Aug record low C = -1
|Sep record low C = -9
|Oct record low C = -26.6
|Nov record low C = -39.2
|Dec record low C = -46.7
|year record low C = -46.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 26
|Feb precipitation mm = 20
|Mar precipitation mm = 20
|Apr precipitation mm = 28
|May precipitation mm = 50
|Jun precipitation mm = 74
|Jul precipitation mm = 89
|Aug precipitation mm = 72
|Sep precipitation mm = 58
|Oct precipitation mm = 39
|Nov precipitation mm = 33
|Dec precipitation mm = 28
|year precipitation mm = 537
|Jan humidity = 79
|Feb humidity = 75
|Mar humidity = 68
|Apr humidity = 60
|May humidity = 57
|Jun humidity = 63
|Jul humidity = 68
|Aug humidity = 73
|Sep humidity = 75
|Oct humidity = 75
|Nov humidity = 78
|Dec humidity = 79
|year humidity = 71
|Jan sun = 46.5
|Feb sun = 96.1
|Mar sun = 164.3
|Apr sun = 207.0
|May sun = 257.3
|Jun sun = 273.0
|Jul sun = 269.7
|Aug sun = 217.0
|Sep sun = 144.0
|Oct sun = 77.5
|Nov sun = 51.0
|Dec sun = 37.2
|year sun =
|source 1 = pogoda.ru.net&lt;ref name=&quot;Погода и климат&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/28440.htm
|title=Климат Екатеринбурга
|accessdate=
|archive-date=2012-05-29
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529224726/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/28440.htm
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
|source 2 = [http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/russia/sverdlovsk_e.htm HKO]
}}

==Population==
[[File:Yekaterinburg skyline2.jpg|thumb|''Aquamarine'' apairtment complex wi the toppit oot 190-meter Antey3 skyscraper in the backgrund]]

Haein decreased durin the 1990s, the population stairtit tae growe slowly in the 21st century.

{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; border:1px solid #aaa;&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#aaf;&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em&quot;| Demografic evolution
|- style=&quot;background:#eef;&quot;
! 1724 !! 1781 !! 1820 !! 1861 !! 1917 !! 1926 !! 1939
|- style=&quot;background:#f7f9ff;&quot;
| align=center| 4,000
| align=center| 7,969
| align=center| 13,026
| align=center| 19,832
| align=center| 71,590
| align=center| 134,800
| align=center| 423,000
|- style=&quot;background:#eef;&quot;
! 1959 !! 1970 !! 1979 !! 1989 !! 2002 !! 2010
|- style=&quot;background:#f7f9ff;&quot;
| align=center| 778,600
| align=center| 1,025,000
| align=center| 1,211,200
| align=center| 1,364,621&lt;ref name=&quot;1989Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=center| 1,293,537&lt;ref name=&quot;2002Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=center| 1,349,772&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot; /&gt;
|}

==Economy==
The main auries o the ceety's industrie are [[machinery]], metal processin, an [[ferrous|ferrous an nan-ferrous]] [[metallurgie]],

Recently the commercial economy haes impruivit, an business centers lik [[Yekaterinburg-Ceety]] hae been planned. Ane o the tawest biggins in the aurie [[Antey 3]] is a skyscraper which is nou complete.

[[Ural Airlines]] haes its heid office in Yekaterinburg.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uralairlines.ru/en/ Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402023704/http://www.uralairlines.ru/en/ |date=2012-04-02 }}. Ural Airlines. Retrieved on 18 July 2010. &quot;Address: Utrenniy 1g, Yekaterinburg Russia, 620025, SITA SVXTOU6&quot; Russian address: [http://www.uralairlines.ru/ Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801080726/http://www.uralairlines.ru/ |date=2015-08-01 }}. &quot;Адрес: 620025, Россия, Екатеринбург, пер. Утренний, 1г&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

===Transportation===
[[File:Old train station of Yekaterinburg.jpg|thumb|Auld railwey station]]
[[File:Night Ekb URT1.jpg|thumb|The [[Rastorguyev-Kharitonov Palace]], biggit in 1794–1820]]

Yekaterinburg is an important railwey junction on the [[Trans-Siberie Railwey]], wi lines reachin aw pairts o the Ural Muntains an the rest o Roushie.

As the economy grew stranger efter the slump o the 1990s, several European airlines stairtit or resumit fleein tae the ceety's [[Koltsovo Internaitional Airport]] (SVX). Thir include [[Turkish Airlines]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Austrian Airlines]] an [[Finnair]].

Yekaterinburg is servit bi the smawer [[Yekaterinburg Aramil Airport]] an aw.

The ceety's public transit netwirk includes mony [[tram]], [[bus]], [[trolleybus]], [[Marshrutka]] routes an [[Yekaterinburg Metro]] which opened in 1991. The day, the Yekaterinburg Metro consists o ane line, wi a tot o aicht stations.

==Education==
[[File:Ustu day 1.JPG|thumb|Main biggin o the [[Ural Federal University]]]]

The Ural Branch o the [[Roushie Academy o Sciences]] ([http://www.uran.ru/ UB RAS]), as well as numerous scienteefic research institutes an establishments are situatit in Yekaterinburg. Wi its 16&amp;nbsp;state-awned varsities an educational academies, as well as a nummer o private heicher eddication institutions, Yekaterinburg is considered the leadin educational an scienteefic centre o the Urals. Thir institutions include the [[Ural Federal University]] (on base [[Ural State University]] an [[Ural State Technical University]]), [[Ural State Pedagogical University]], [[Ural State University o Forestry]], [[Ural State Minin University]], [[Ural State University o Railway Transport]], [[Roushie State Vocational Pedagogics University]], [[Ural State University of Economics]], [[Militar Institute o Airtillery]], [[Ural State Conservatory]], [[Ural State Agricultural Academy]], [[Ural State Law Academy]], [[Ural State Academy o Medicine]], [[Ural State Academy o Performin Airts]], [[Ural Academy o Public Service]], [[Institute o Internaitional Relations Yekaterinburg|Institute o Internaitional Relations]], an the [[Urals Academy o Airchitectur]].

==Cultur==
The ceety haes several dozen libraries, includin the V. G. Belinsky Scienteefic Library, which is the lairgest public leebrar in [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]].

Famous for its theatres, Yekaterinburg is hame tae some vera popular theatre companies an aw: the Yekaterinburg Academic Ballet an Opera Company, the Sverdlovsk Academic Theater of Muisical Comedy, the Yekaterinburg Academic Dramatic Theater, the Yekaterinburg Theater for Young Spectators, the [[Volkhonka]] (a popular chamber theatre), an the [[Kolyada Theater]] (a chamber theatre foondit bi Roushie playwricht, producer an actor Nikolai Kolyada). Yekaterinburg is the centre o ''New Drama'', a muivement o contemporary Roushie playwrichts [[Nikolai Kolyada]], [[Vasily Sigarev]], [[Konstantin Kostenko]], the [[Presnyakov brithers]], an [[Oleg Bogayev]]. Yekaterinburg is aften cried the ''caipital o contemporary dance'' for a nummer o famous dance companies residin in the ceety: the ''Kipling'', the ''Provincial Dances'', the ''Tantstrest'', an a special depairtment o contemporary dance at the Yekaterinburg University o Humanities.

A nummer o popular Roushie rock baunds, sic as [[Urfin Dzhyus]], [[Chaif]], [[Chicherina]], [[Nautilus Pompilius (baund)|Nautilus Pompilius]], [[Nastya (baund)|Nastya]], Trek, [[Agata Kristi]] an [[Smyslovye Gallyutsinatsii]], wur oreeginally formit in Yekaterinburg (''Ural Rock'' is aften considered as a pairticular variety o rock muisic. Yekaterinburg an [[Saunt Petersburg]] are actually considered tae be the main centres o the genre in Roushie). An aw, some famous opera singers—[[Boris Shtokolov]], [[Yuri Aleksandrovich Gulyayev|Yuri Gulyayev]], [[Vera Bayeva]]—graduatit frae the [[Urals State Conservatory]]. The [[Ural Philharmonic Orchestra]] (currently conductit bi [[Dmitry Liss]]), foondit bi [[Mark Paverman]] an locatit in Yekaterinburg, is vera popular in Roushie an in Europe an aw, as well as the [[Ural Academic Popular Chorus]], a famous fowk-singin an dance ensemble.

Thare are ower thirty museums in Yekaterinburg, includin several museums o Ural minerals an jewelery, airt galleries, ane o the lairgest collections onywhaur o [[Kasli iron sculptur|Kasli mouldins]] (a traditional kynd o cast-iron sculptur in the Urals), an the famous ''Shigirskaya Kladovaya'' (''Шигирская кладовая''), or Shigir Collection, which includes the auldest firth sculptur in the warld: the [[Shigir Idol]], foond near [[Nevyansk]] an estimatit tae hae been made aboot 9,500 years ago. Anerlie here can you see a collection o Nevyansk icons- in the [[Nevyansk Icon Museum]], wi mair nor 300 icons representin the 18t throu the 20t centuries on display.

Vladimir Yelizarov's Recording Studio SVE Records is based in Yekaterinburg. The studio is in a private residence biggit in 1837 unner the teetle &quot;The House of the Misters&quot;, in ane o the historical centers o Yekaterinburg ceety, twa hunder metres frae Verkh-Isetsky Lake. In 1987, American sangster [[Tina Turner]] recordit twa tracks, which later appeared on her 1989 album Foreign Affair, whilst in the ceety as pairt o her heichlie acclaimit Break Every Rule Warld Tour.
[[File:Yekaterinburg Circus.jpg|thumb|[[Yekaterinburg Circus]]]]

Yekaterinburg haes a [[Yekaterinburg Circus|circus]] biggin an aw, an ane o the tawest incomplete airchitectural structurs in the warld, the [[Yekaterinburg TV Tower]]. Thare are a nummer o unusual monuments an aw: e. g. a popular laundmerk [[Keybuird monument]] an a monument tae [[Michael Jackson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/52567834/index.html |title=Monument to Michael Jackson unveiled in Yekaterinburg: Photo gallery |publisher=: |date=2011-06-29 |accessdate=2012-04-04 |archive-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916012714/http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/52567834/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:EKB keyboard fixed.jpg|thumb|[[Keyboard monument]]]]

==Sports==

*[[Association fitbaa]] club [[FC Ural Sverdlovsk Oblast]] plays in the [[Roushie First Diveesion]].
*[[Futsal]] club [[MFK Viz-Sinara Yekaterinburg]] are the twa-time [[Roushie Futsal Super League|Roushie champions]] an the champions o [[UEFA Futsal Cup]] in 2008.
*Weemen's [[basketbaa]] club [[UMMC Ekaterinburg]] are the current Roushie champions an the champions o [[EuroLeague Women]] in 2003.
*[[Ice hockey]] club [[Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg]] plays in the [[Kontinental Hockey League]].
*[[Bandy]] club [[SKA-Sverdlovsk|SKA Sverdlovsk]] [http://www.skaburg.narod.ru/] is ane o the clessical teams in which The Keeng of Bandy, Nikolay Durakov &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bandyvideo.net/razor/bandy/img_5454.htm Illustraded History Bandy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904234806/http://www.bandyvideo.net/razor/bandy/img_5454.htm |date=2011-09-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt; played.

== Internaitional relations ==


=== Consulates ===

[[Unitit States]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://yekaterinburg.usconsulate.gov/ |title=Official website of the U.S. Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408122441/http://yekaterinburg.usconsulate.gov/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Unitit Kinrick]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ukinrussia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/ekat-landing/ |title=Official website of the British Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103033022/http://ukinrussia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/ekat-landing/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Germany]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jekaterinburg.diplo.de/Vertretung/jekaterinburg/de/Startseite.html |title=Official website of the German Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-08-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803062119/http://www.jekaterinburg.diplo.de/Vertretung/jekaterinburg/de/Startseite.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ambafrance-ru.org/-Ekaterinbourg- |title=Official website of the French Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429005651/http://www.ambafrance-ru.org/-Ekaterinbourg- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an several ither kintras established thair [[consulate]]s in Yekaterinburg.

=== BRIC Summit ===
The [[BRIC]] kintras met for thair [[1st BRIC summit|first offeecial summit]] on 16 Juin 2009, in Yekaterinburg,&lt;ref name=BBC&gt;{{cite news |title=First summit for emerging giants |publisher=BBC News |date=16 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8102216.stm |accessdate=16 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], [[Dmitry Medvedev]], [[Manmohan Singh]], an [[Hu Jintao]], the respective leaders o Brazil, Roushie, Indie an Cheenae, aw attendin.

The foreign meenisters o the BRIC kintras haed met in Yekaterinburg an aw previously on 16 Mey 2008.

=== Twin ceeties ===
Yekaterinburg is a [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein:
{{Div col}}
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  [[Plzeň]], [[Czech Republic]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}}  [[Wuppertal]], [[Germany]], syne 1993
*{{flagicon|USA}}  [[San Jose, Californie|San Jose]], [[Unitit States]], syne 1992
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]], [[China]], syne 10 Julie 2002
*{{flagicon|Italy}}  [[Genoa]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferentino]], Italy
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon]], [[Sooth Korea]]
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  [[Most]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|India}}  [[Kanpur]], [[Indie]]
 {{Div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links an sources ==
{{Commons}}
*{{Wikivoyage|Yekaterinburg}}
*[http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/ Offeecial wabsteid o Yekaterinburg government]
{{Ceeties an touns in Sverdlovsk Oblast}}

[[Category:Yekaterinburg| ]]
[[Category:Yekaterinburgsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1723]]
[[Category:History o Ural]]
[[Category:1723 establishments in the Roushie Empire]]</text>
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|en_name=Yekaterinburg
|ru_name=Екатеринбург
|image_skyline= Catherineburg.JPG
|image_caption=The skyline o Yekaterinburg
|coordinates = {{coord|56|50|N|60|35|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk oblast).svg
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk oblast).svg
|holiday=3rd Seturday o August
|federal_subject=[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
|adm_ctr_of=[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
|inhabloc_cat=Ceety
|urban_okrug_jur=Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;news101123&quot;/&gt;
|leader_name=Yevgeny Porunov
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;news101123&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/news_Ekaterinburg/0/638/ |title=Eugenie Porunov has been elected the Head of Ekaterinburg – the Chairman of the Ekaterinburg city Duma |publisher=Ekburg.ru |date= |accessdate=2012-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|representative_body=[[Yekaterinburg Ceety Duma|Ceety Duma]]
|pop_2010census=1350136
|pop_2010census_rank=4t
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census_prelim}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_2002census=1293537
|pop_2002census_rank=5t
|pop_2002census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2002Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established_date=18 November 1723
|prev_name1=Yekaterinburg
|prev_name1_date=1924
|prev_name1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;ekburg.ru&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/about_Ekaterinburg/history_Ekaterinburg/ |title=History - Официальный портал Екатеринбурга |publisher=Ekburg.ru |date=1934-01-07 |accessdate=2012-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|prev_name2=Sverdlovsk
|prev_name2_date=1991
|prev_name2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;ekburg.ru&quot;/&gt;
|postal_codes=620000
|dialing_codes=343
|website=http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/
|date=May 2010
}}
'''Yekaterinburg''' ({{lang-rus|Екатеринбу́рг|p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk}}, [[romanisation o Roushie|romanizit]] as ''Ekaterinburg'' an aw) is the fowert-lairgest [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in Roushie wi a population o 1,398,889 (2012). It is situatit in the middle o the [[Eurasie]] continent, on the mairch o [[Europe]] an [[Asie]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ekaterinburg-ural.com/where-ekaterinburg-russia |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-19 |archive-date=2017-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722021400/http://www.ekaterinburg-ural.com/where-ekaterinburg-russia |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yekaterinburg is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]] an the main [[industrie|industrial]] an [[cultur]]al center o the [[Ural Federal Destrict]]. Atween 1924 an 1991, the ceety [[geografical renamin|wis namit]] '''Sverdlovsk''' ({{lang|ru|Свердло́вск}}) efter the [[Bolshevik|Communist]] pairty leader [[Yakov Sverdlov]].

Internationally Yekaterinburg is best kent as a ceety whaur the last Roushie Tsar [[Nicholas II o Roushie|Nicholas II]] an his family wur [[Shuitin o the Romanov family|executit in 1918]].

==History==

[[File:Ekaterinbourg.jpeg|thumb|Snaw-covered statue o [[Yakov Sverdlov]]]]

It wis foondit in 1723 bi [[Vasily Tatishchev]] an [[Georg Wilhelm de Gennin]] an namit efter [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]]'s wife [[Catherine I]] (Yekaterina).&lt;ref name=&quot;Haywood&quot;&gt;Haywood, A. J. (2010). ''Siberia: A Cultural History'', Oxford University Press, p.&amp;nbsp;32&lt;/ref&gt; The offeecial date o the ceety's foundation is 18 November 1723.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haywood&quot; /&gt; It wis grantit toun status in 1796.

Suin efter the [[October Revolution]], on 17 Julie 1918, Tsar [[Nicholas II o Roushie|Nicholas&amp;nbsp;II]], his wife [[Alexandra o Hesse|Alexandra]], an thair childer Grand Duchesses [[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna o Roushie|Olga]], [[Grand Duchess Tatiana o Roushie|Tatyana]], [[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna o Roushie (1899–1918)|Maria]], [[Grand Duchess Anastasia o Roushie|Anastasia]], an Tsarevich [[Tsarevich Alexei o Roushie|Alexey]] wur executit bi the [[Bolshevik]]s at the [[Ipatiev Hoose]] in this ceety.  Ither members o the [[Hoose o Romanov|Romanov faimily]] wur killed at [[Alapayevsk]] the day efter. In 1977, the Ipatiev Hoose wis demolished bi order o [[Boris Yeltsin]], tae prevent it frae bein uised as a rallyin location for monarchists. He later became the first [[Preses o Roushie]] an representit the fowk at the funeral o the Tsar in 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/monitoring/134401.stm |title=President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder |publisher=BBC News |date=1998-07-17 |accessdate=2012-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Crkva na korvi.JPG|thumb|left|[[Kirk o Aw Saints, Yekaterinburg|Cathedral on the bluid]] stands on the steid o the Ipatiev House, whaur the Romanovs—the last ryal faimily o Roushie—wur executit]]

Durin the 1930s, Yekaterinburg wis ane o several places developit bi the Soviet govrenment as a centre o hivy industrie, durin which time the famous [[Uralmash]] wis biggit. Then, durin [[Warld War II]], mony state technical institutions an whole factories wur relocatit tae Yekaterinburg awa frae war-affectit auries (maistly Moscow), wi mony o thaim stayin in Yekaterinburg efter the victory. The [[Hermitage Museum]] collections wur pairtly evacuatit frae [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]] tae Yekaterinburg (kent as Sverdlovsk durin Soviet times) in Julie 1941 an remained thare till October 1945 an aw.

The lookalike five-story [[apairtment block]]s that remain the day in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, an ither [[residential aurie]]s o Yekaterinburg sprang up in the 1960s, unner the direction o [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khrushchev]]'s govrenment.

On 1 Mey 1960, an American [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] spy plane, pilotit bi [[Francis Gary Powers]] while unner the employ o the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], wis shot doun ower Sverdlovsk Oblast. He wis captured, put on trial, foond guilty o [[espionage]] an sentencit tae seiven years o [[slave labor|haurd labour]]. He servit anerlie aboot a year afore bein exchyngit for [[Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher|Rudolph Abel]], a heich-rankin [[KGB]] spy, who haed been apprehendit in the Unitit States in 1957.

Thare wis an [[anthrax disease|anthrax]] [[outbreak]] in Yekaterinburg in Aprile an Mey 1979, which wis attributit tae a release frae the Sverdlovsk-19 militar facility.&lt;ref&gt;Matthew S. Meselson, et al., &quot;The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979&quot;, ''Science'' 266:5188 (18 November 1994): 1202–1208.&lt;/ref&gt;

Durin the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|1991 coup d'état attempt]], Sverdlovsk, the hame ceety o Preses Boris Yeltsin, wis selectit bi him as a reserve caipital for the Roushie Federation, in the event that Moscow became too dangerous for the Roushie govrenment. A reserve cabinet heidit bi [[Oleg Lobov]] wis sent tae the ceety, whaur Yeltsin enjoyed strang popular support at that time.&lt;ref&gt;Martin McCauley, &quot;Who's who in Russia since 1900&quot;, ''Routledge'', 1997: p.133.&lt;/ref&gt; Shortly efter the failur o the coup an subsequent [[dissolution o the Soviet Union]], the ceety regained its historical name Yekaterinburg.

==Admeenistrative an municipal status==
Yekaterinburg is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[oblast]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SverdlovskO_adm&quot;&gt;Law #30-OZ&lt;/ref&gt; Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o the admeenistrative diveesions]], it is, thegither wi twinty-nine [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|landwart localities]], incorporatit as the '''[[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety]] o Yekaterinburg'''&lt;ref name=&quot;OKATO&quot;&gt;{{OKATO reference|65 401}}&lt;/ref&gt;—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Sverdlovsk Oblast|destricts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SverdlovskO_adm&quot; /&gt; As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the Ceety o Yekaterinburg is incorporatit as '''Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;SverdlovskO_mun&quot;&gt;Law #85-OZ&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie an climate==
[[File:Вид на городской пруд.jpg|thumb|Central Yekaterinburg an the Iset River]]

Yekaterinburg is situatit on the mairch o Europe an Asie, {{convert|1667|km|sp=us}} east o Moscow, on the eastren side o the [[Ural Muntains]] on the [[Iset River]]. It is surroondit bi pairtially firthit plains, mainly cultivatit for agricultural purposes, an sma lakes. The ceety featurs a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'') unner the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The winter lasts for aboot sax month—frae October till the middle o Apryle—an the temperatur mey faw tae {{convert|-45|C}}, tho rarely lawer than {{convert|-20|C}} tae {{convert|-25|C}}. Simmer in the Urals is short, wi wairm wather for anerlie 65–70 days an an average temperatur o {{convert|+18|C}}. The ceety's location &quot;ahint&quot; the muntain range an heichlie variable winds mean that the wather is quite chyngeable frae ane day tae the next an frae year tae year.

{{Weather box
|location=Yekaterinburg
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=5.6
|Feb record high C=9.4
|Mar record high C=17.3
|Apr record high C=28.8
|May record high C=33.4
|Jun record high C=35.6
|Jul record high C=38.8
|Aug record high C=37.2
|Sep record high C=31.9
|Oct record high C = 24.7
|Nov record high C = 13.5
|Dec record high C = 5.9
|year record high C = 38.8
|Jan high C = -9.1
|Feb high C = -6.8
|Mar high C = 1.0
|Apr high C = 9.8
|May high C = 17.4
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Jul high C = 24.4
|Aug high C = 21.1
|Sep high C = 14.5
|Oct high C = 6.8
|Nov high C = -2.8
|Dec high C = -7.9
|year high C = 7.6
|Jan mean C = -12.6
|Feb mean C = -11.1
|Mar mean C = -3.8
|Apr mean C = 4.3
|May mean C = 11.3
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 19.0
|Aug mean C = 15.9
|Sep mean C = 9.8
|Oct mean C = 3.4
|Nov mean C = -5.8
|Dec mean C = -11.0
|year mean C = 3.0
|Jan low C = -15.7
|Feb low C = -14.5
|Mar low C = -7.6
|Apr low C = 0.0
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 12.1
|Jul low C = 14.4
|Aug low C = 11.9
|Sep low C = 6.4
|Oct low C = 0.7
|Nov low C = -8.3
|Dec low C = -13.7
|year low C = -0.7
|Jan record low C = -44.6
|Feb record low C = -42.4
|Mar record low C = -39.2
|Apr record low C = -21.8
|May record low C = -13.5
|Jun record low C = -2.3
|Jul record low C = 1.5
|Aug record low C = -1
|Sep record low C = -9
|Oct record low C = -26.6
|Nov record low C = -39.2
|Dec record low C = -46.7
|year record low C = -46.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 26
|Feb precipitation mm = 20
|Mar precipitation mm = 20
|Apr precipitation mm = 28
|May precipitation mm = 50
|Jun precipitation mm = 74
|Jul precipitation mm = 89
|Aug precipitation mm = 72
|Sep precipitation mm = 58
|Oct precipitation mm = 39
|Nov precipitation mm = 33
|Dec precipitation mm = 28
|year precipitation mm = 537
|Jan humidity = 79
|Feb humidity = 75
|Mar humidity = 68
|Apr humidity = 60
|May humidity = 57
|Jun humidity = 63
|Jul humidity = 68
|Aug humidity = 73
|Sep humidity = 75
|Oct humidity = 75
|Nov humidity = 78
|Dec humidity = 79
|year humidity = 71
|Jan sun = 46.5
|Feb sun = 96.1
|Mar sun = 164.3
|Apr sun = 207.0
|May sun = 257.3
|Jun sun = 273.0
|Jul sun = 269.7
|Aug sun = 217.0
|Sep sun = 144.0
|Oct sun = 77.5
|Nov sun = 51.0
|Dec sun = 37.2
|year sun =
|source 1 = pogoda.ru.net&lt;ref name=&quot;Погода и климат&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/28440.htm
|title=Климат Екатеринбурга
|accessdate=
|archive-date=2012-05-29
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529224726/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/28440.htm
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
|source 2 = [http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/russia/sverdlovsk_e.htm HKO]
}}

==Population==
[[File:Yekaterinburg skyline2.jpg|thumb|''Aquamarine'' apairtment complex wi the toppit oot 190-meter Antey3 skyscraper in the backgrund]]

Haein decreased durin the 1990s, the population stairtit tae growe slowly in the 21st century.

{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; border:1px solid #aaa;&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#aaf;&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em&quot;| Demografic evolution
|- style=&quot;background:#eef;&quot;
! 1724 !! 1781 !! 1820 !! 1861 !! 1917 !! 1926 !! 1939
|- style=&quot;background:#f7f9ff;&quot;
| align=center| 4,000
| align=center| 7,969
| align=center| 13,026
| align=center| 19,832
| align=center| 71,590
| align=center| 134,800
| align=center| 423,000
|- style=&quot;background:#eef;&quot;
! 1959 !! 1970 !! 1979 !! 1989 !! 2002 !! 2010
|- style=&quot;background:#f7f9ff;&quot;
| align=center| 778,600
| align=center| 1,025,000
| align=center| 1,211,200
| align=center| 1,364,621&lt;ref name=&quot;1989Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=center| 1,293,537&lt;ref name=&quot;2002Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=center| 1,349,772&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot; /&gt;
|}

==Economy==
The main auries o the ceety's industrie are [[machinery]], metal processin, an [[ferrous|ferrous an nan-ferrous]] [[metallurgie]],

Recently the commercial economy haes impruivit, an business centers lik [[Yekaterinburg-Ceety]] hae been planned. Ane o the tawest biggins in the aurie [[Antey 3]] is a skyscraper which is nou complete.

[[Ural Airlines]] haes its heid office in Yekaterinburg.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uralairlines.ru/en/ Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402023704/http://www.uralairlines.ru/en/ |date=2012-04-02 }}. Ural Airlines. Retrieved on 18 July 2010. &quot;Address: Utrenniy 1g, Yekaterinburg Russia, 620025, SITA SVXTOU6&quot; Russian address: [http://www.uralairlines.ru/ Home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801080726/http://www.uralairlines.ru/ |date=2015-08-01 }}. &quot;Адрес: 620025, Россия, Екатеринбург, пер. Утренний, 1г&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

===Transportation===
[[File:Old train station of Yekaterinburg.jpg|thumb|Auld railwey station]]
[[File:Night Ekb URT1.jpg|thumb|The [[Rastorguyev-Kharitonov Palace]], biggit in 1794–1820]]

Yekaterinburg is an important railwey junction on the [[Trans-Siberie Railwey]], wi lines reachin aw pairts o the Ural Muntains an the rest o Roushie.

As the economy grew stranger efter the slump o the 1990s, several European airlines stairtit or resumit fleein tae the ceety's [[Koltsovo Internaitional Airport]] (SVX). Thir include [[Turkish Airlines]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Austrian Airlines]] an [[Finnair]].

Yekaterinburg is servit bi the smawer [[Yekaterinburg Aramil Airport]] an aw.

The ceety's public transit netwirk includes mony [[tram]], [[bus]], [[trolleybus]], [[Marshrutka]] routes an [[Yekaterinburg Metro]] which opened in 1991. The day, the Yekaterinburg Metro consists o ane line, wi a tot o aicht stations.

==Education==
[[File:Ustu day 1.JPG|thumb|Main biggin o the [[Ural Federal University]]]]

The Ural Branch o the [[Roushie Academy o Sciences]] ([http://www.uran.ru/ UB RAS]), as well as numerous scienteefic research institutes an establishments are situatit in Yekaterinburg. Wi its 16&amp;nbsp;state-awned varsities an educational academies, as well as a nummer o private heicher eddication institutions, Yekaterinburg is considered the leadin educational an scienteefic centre o the Urals. Thir institutions include the [[Ural Federal University]] (on base [[Ural State University]] an [[Ural State Technical University]]), [[Ural State Pedagogical University]], [[Ural State University o Forestry]], [[Ural State Minin University]], [[Ural State University o Railway Transport]], [[Roushie State Vocational Pedagogics University]], [[Ural State University of Economics]], [[Militar Institute o Airtillery]], [[Ural State Conservatory]], [[Ural State Agricultural Academy]], [[Ural State Law Academy]], [[Ural State Academy o Medicine]], [[Ural State Academy o Performin Airts]], [[Ural Academy o Public Service]], [[Institute o Internaitional Relations Yekaterinburg|Institute o Internaitional Relations]], an the [[Urals Academy o Airchitectur]].

==Cultur==
The ceety haes several dozen libraries, includin the V. G. Belinsky Scienteefic Library, which is the lairgest public leebrar in [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]].

Famous for its theatres, Yekaterinburg is hame tae some vera popular theatre companies an aw: the Yekaterinburg Academic Ballet an Opera Company, the Sverdlovsk Academic Theater of Muisical Comedy, the Yekaterinburg Academic Dramatic Theater, the Yekaterinburg Theater for Young Spectators, the [[Volkhonka]] (a popular chamber theatre), an the [[Kolyada Theater]] (a chamber theatre foondit bi Roushie playwricht, producer an actor Nikolai Kolyada). Yekaterinburg is the centre o ''New Drama'', a muivement o contemporary Roushie playwrichts [[Nikolai Kolyada]], [[Vasily Sigarev]], [[Konstantin Kostenko]], the [[Presnyakov brithers]], an [[Oleg Bogayev]]. Yekaterinburg is aften cried the ''caipital o contemporary dance'' for a nummer o famous dance companies residin in the ceety: the ''Kipling'', the ''Provincial Dances'', the ''Tantstrest'', an a special depairtment o contemporary dance at the Yekaterinburg University o Humanities.

A nummer o popular Roushie rock baunds, sic as [[Urfin Dzhyus]], [[Chaif]], [[Chicherina]], [[Nautilus Pompilius (baund)|Nautilus Pompilius]], [[Nastya (baund)|Nastya]], Trek, [[Agata Kristi]] an [[Smyslovye Gallyutsinatsii]], wur oreeginally formit in Yekaterinburg (''Ural Rock'' is aften considered as a pairticular variety o rock muisic. Yekaterinburg an [[Saunt Petersburg]] are actually considered tae be the main centres o the genre in Roushie). An aw, some famous opera singers—[[Boris Shtokolov]], [[Yuri Aleksandrovich Gulyayev|Yuri Gulyayev]], [[Vera Bayeva]]—graduatit frae the [[Urals State Conservatory]]. The [[Ural Philharmonic Orchestra]] (currently conductit bi [[Dmitry Liss]]), foondit bi [[Mark Paverman]] an locatit in Yekaterinburg, is vera popular in Roushie an in Europe an aw, as well as the [[Ural Academic Popular Chorus]], a famous fowk-singin an dance ensemble.

Thare are ower thirty museums in Yekaterinburg, includin several museums o Ural minerals an jewelery, airt galleries, ane o the lairgest collections onywhaur o [[Kasli iron sculptur|Kasli mouldins]] (a traditional kynd o cast-iron sculptur in the Urals), an the famous ''Shigirskaya Kladovaya'' (''Шигирская кладовая''), or Shigir Collection, which includes the auldest firth sculptur in the warld: the [[Shigir Idol]], foond near [[Nevyansk]] an estimatit tae hae been made aboot 9,500 years ago. Anerlie here can you see a collection o Nevyansk icons- in the [[Nevyansk Icon Museum]], wi mair nor 300 icons representin the 18t throu the 20t centuries on display.

Vladimir Yelizarov's Recording Studio SVE Records is based in Yekaterinburg. The studio is in a private residence biggit in 1837 unner the teetle &quot;The House of the Misters&quot;, in ane o the historical centers o Yekaterinburg ceety, twa hunder metres frae Verkh-Isetsky Lake. In 1987, American sangster [[Tina Turner]] recordit twa tracks, which later appeared on her 1989 album Foreign Affair, whilst in the ceety as pairt o her heichlie acclaimit Break Every Rule Warld Tour.
[[File:Yekaterinburg Circus.jpg|thumb|[[Yekaterinburg Circus]]]]

Yekaterinburg haes a [[Yekaterinburg Circus|circus]] biggin an aw, an ane o the tawest incomplete airchitectural structurs in the warld, the [[Yekaterinburg TV Tower]]. Thare are a nummer o unusual monuments an aw: e. g. a popular laundmerk [[Keybuird monument]] an a monument tae [[Michael Jackson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/52567834/index.html |title=Monument to Michael Jackson unveiled in Yekaterinburg: Photo gallery |publisher=: |date=2011-06-29 |accessdate=2012-04-04 |archive-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916012714/http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/52567834/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:EKB keyboard fixed.jpg|thumb|[[Keyboard monument]]]]

==Sports==

*[[Association fitbaa]] club [[FC Ural Sverdlovsk Oblast]] plays in the [[Roushie First Diveesion]].
*[[Futsal]] club [[MFK Viz-Sinara Yekaterinburg]] are the twa-time [[Roushie Futsal Super League|Roushie champions]] an the champions o [[UEFA Futsal Cup]] in 2008.
*Weemen's [[basketbaa]] club [[UMMC Ekaterinburg]] are the current Roushie champions an the champions o [[EuroLeague Women]] in 2003.
*[[Ice hockey]] club [[Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg]] plays in the [[Kontinental Hockey League]].
*[[Bandy]] club [[SKA-Sverdlovsk|SKA Sverdlovsk]] [http://www.skaburg.narod.ru/] is ane o the clessical teams in which The Keeng of Bandy, Nikolay Durakov &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bandyvideo.net/razor/bandy/img_5454.htm Illustraded History Bandy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904234806/http://www.bandyvideo.net/razor/bandy/img_5454.htm |date=2011-09-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt; played.

== Internaitional relations ==


=== Consulates ===

[[Unitit States]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://yekaterinburg.usconsulate.gov/ |title=Official website of the U.S. Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408122441/http://yekaterinburg.usconsulate.gov/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Unitit Kinrick]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ukinrussia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/ekat-landing/ |title=Official website of the British Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103033022/http://ukinrussia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/ekat-landing/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Germany]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jekaterinburg.diplo.de/Vertretung/jekaterinburg/de/Startseite.html |title=Official website of the German Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-08-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803062119/http://www.jekaterinburg.diplo.de/Vertretung/jekaterinburg/de/Startseite.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Fraunce]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ambafrance-ru.org/-Ekaterinbourg- |title=Official website of the French Consulate General in Yekaterinburg |accessdate=2012-04-19 |archive-date=2012-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429005651/http://www.ambafrance-ru.org/-Ekaterinbourg- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an several ither kintras established thair [[consulate]]s in Yekaterinburg.

=== BRIC Summit ===
The [[BRIC]] kintras met for thair [[1st BRIC summit|first offeecial summit]] on 16 Juin 2009, in Yekaterinburg,&lt;ref name=BBC&gt;{{cite news |title=First summit for emerging giants |publisher=BBC News |date=16 June 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8102216.stm |accessdate=16 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], [[Dmitry Medvedev]], [[Manmohan Singh]], an [[Hu Jintao]], the respective leaders o Brazil, Roushie, Indie an Cheenae, aw attendin.

The foreign meenisters o the BRIC kintras haed met in Yekaterinburg an aw previously on 16 Mey 2008.

=== Twin ceeties ===
Yekaterinburg is a [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein:
{{Div col}}
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  [[Plzeň]], [[Czech Republic]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}}  [[Wuppertal]], [[Germany]], syne 1993
*{{flagicon|USA}}  [[San Jose, Californie|San Jose]], [[Unitit States]], syne 1992
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]], [[China]], syne 10 Julie 2002
*{{flagicon|Italy}}  [[Genoa]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferentino]], Italy
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon]], [[Sooth Korea]]
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}}  [[Most]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|India}}  [[Kanpur]], [[Indie]]
 {{Div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links an sources ==
{{Commons}}
*{{Wikivoyage|Yekaterinburg}}
*[http://www.ekburg.ru/english_version/ Offeecial wabsteid o Yekaterinburg government]
{{Ceeties an touns in Sverdlovsk Oblast}}

[[Category:Yekaterinburg| ]]
[[Category:Yekaterinburgsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1723]]
[[Category:History o Ural]]
[[Category:1723 establishments in the Roushie Empire]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Orust Municipality</title>
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      <text bytes="6044" sha1="c2j28ppdpy57i50czkl1yjhb9qaccyh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox municipality
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Orust Municipality
| native_name             = Orusts kommun&lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang        = sv&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. &quot;sv&quot; for Swedish. --&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_seal              = 
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Orust vapen.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| image_map               = Orust Municipality in Västra Götaland County.png
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = &lt;!-- Sweden --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = 
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Swaden]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Västra Götaland Coonty]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Seat]]
| seat                    = [[Henån]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| area_total_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Orust Municipality}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Orust Municipality}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Orust Municipality}}
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}.
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| population_total        = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Orust Municipality}}
| population_as_of        = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Bohuslän]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 1421
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Swaden|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE&lt;!--??--&gt;]]
| website                 = [http://www.orust.se www.orust.se]&lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
| footnotes               = 
}}

[[Image:Runstenen vid Hoga på Orust, sedd från platsen för äldre fägata, den 2 september 2005..JPG|thumb|[[Runestone]] on Orust]]

'''Orust Municipality''' (''Orusts kommun'') is a [[municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Västra Götaland Coonty]] in wastren [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the toun o [[Henån]], wi an approximate population o 1,800.

The municipality includes Swaden's third lairgest [[island]] [[Orust]] an some ither sma adjacent islets. The year-roond population o aroond 15,000 increases significantly in the simmer due tae an influx o simmer vacationers.

The umwhile municipal entities on the island Orust an adjacent minor islands wur groupit intae lairger units in 1952 an unitit intae a single municipality in connection wi the naitionwide municipal reform o 1971.

The veelages in the municipality are [[Ellös]], [[Henån]], [[Hälleviksstrand]], [[Mollösund]], [[Svanvik]] an [[Varekil]].

==History==
Historically, the aurie haes been inhabitit for thoosans o years, as evident bi auncient remains such as tombs, grave fields an rock carvins. Datin frae the [[Viking Age]], [[runestane]]s are plentiful throughoot Orust.

In the [[Nordisk familjebok]] the island o Orust is mentioned as a [[Geat]]ish territory. Ramshult (the modren Swadish form), a hillfort, is mentioned in [[Beowulf]] as [[Hrefnesholt]], the Geatish hillfort which became the preeson o [[Onela]], [[Ohthere]] an their mither till their rescue bi [[Ongenþeow]].

==Points o interest==
The geography affers several sichts, wi a couple o picturesque sma veelages. A [[natur reserve]] cried ''Morlanda'' features a leukoot point that affers a guid owerview o the aurie.

==Industry==
Industry wise, the aurie haes aaways been dominatit bi [[fishin]] an boat production. [[Shipyard]] [[Hallberg-Rassy]] is the largerst employer nouadays. Its shipyard is locatit in [[Ellös]], on the north-wast pairt o the island, an it haes a significant export o sailin boats. The seicont lairgest employer is [[Najad]]-varvet, a shipyard an aw.

==The island==
&lt;!--The article name Orust redirects here--&gt;The island Orust haes a land aurie o 346 km², Swedens third lairgest island.

==See an aw==
*[[Varekilsnäs]], soothmaist veelage on Orust

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.orust.se Orust Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413072746/http://www.orust.se/genvagar/bilder.4.7f6efeb510a1c2c8a898000599.html |date=2010-04-13 }} - Offeecial steid
*[http://www.orust.se/karta/ Orust map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027174947/http://www.orust.se/karta/ |date=2005-10-27 }} - Frae the offeecial steid

==Sources==
*Please see correspondin airticle on Swadish an German Wikipedia.

{{Västra Götaland Coonty}}
{{Localities in Orust Municipality}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Västra Götaland Coonty]]
[[Category:Gothenburg an Bohus]]
[[Category:Islands on the Swadish Wast Coast|Orust]]
[[Category:Islands o Swaden|Orust]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iowa</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="7284" sha1="5k9reqlreip1394rk0sbl8cagg3kgn7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state
|Name            = Iowa
|Nickname        = The [[Hawkeye State]]&lt;ref name=TravelIowa&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.traveliowa.com/statesymbols.aspx|title=State Symbols|publisher=Iowa Department of Economic Development|accessdate=September 9, 2011|archive-date=2011-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902061507/http://www.traveliowa.com/statesymbols.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|Fullname        = State o Iowa
|Flag            = Flag of Iowa.svg
|Flaglink        = [[Banner o Iowa|Banner]]
|Seal            = Iowa-StateSeal.svg
|Map             = Iowa in United States.svg
|Former          = Iowa Territory
|Number of Representatives elected to U.S. Congress = 4
|Demonym         = Iowan
|Motto           = Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain.
|Capital         = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]]
|OfficialLang    =
|LargestCity     = caipital
|LargestMetro    = [[Des Moines metropolitan aurie]]
|Governor        = [[Kim Reynolds]] ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|R]])
|Lieutenant Governor = 
|Legislature     = [General Assembly
|Upperhouse      = Senate
|Lowerhouse      = House of Representatives
|Senators        = [[Chuck Grassley]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;[[Joni Ernst]] ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|R]])
|Representative  = 1: [[Rod Blum]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;2: [[Dave Loebsack]] (D)&lt;br /&gt;3: [[David Young (politeecian)|David Young]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;4: [[Steve King]] (R)
|PostalAbbreviation = IA
|AreaRank        = 26t
|PopRank         = 30t
|2010Pop         = 3,123,899 (2015 est)&lt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PopEstUS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |format=CSV |title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 |date=December 26, 2015 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=December 26, 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|DensityRank     = 36t
|2000DensityUS   = 54.8
|2000Density     = 21.2
|MedianHouseholdIncome = $48,075
|IncomeRank      = 24t
|AdmittanceOrder = 29t
|AdmittanceDate  = 28 Dizember 1846
|TimeZone        = [[Central Time Zone (North Americae)|Central]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Central Staundart Time|-6]]/[[Central Daylicht Time|-5]]
|Latitude        = 40° 23′ N tae 43° 30′ N
|Longitude       = 90° 8′ W tae 96° 38′ W
|LengthUS        = 199
|Length          = 320
|WidthUS         = 310
|Width           = 500
|HighestPoint    = [[Hawkeye Point]]&lt;ref name=USGS&gt;{{cite web |url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102003514/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=2011-11-02 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88&gt;Elevation adjuistit tae [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|HighestElevUS   = 1,671
|HighestElev     = 509
|MeanElevUS      = 1,100
|MeanElev        = 340
|LowestPoint     = Confluence o {{nobreak|[[Mississippi River]]}} an {{nobreak|[[Des Moines River]]}}&lt;ref name=USGS/&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88/&gt;
|LowestElevUS    = 480
|LowestElev      = 146
|ISOCode         = US-IA
|Website         = www.iowa.gov
}}
{{Infobox U.S. state symbols
&lt;!-- Sources: http://www.legis.state.ia.us/Pubinfo/StateSymbols/ http://www.census.gov/schools/facts/iowa.html--&gt;
|Name       = Iowa
|Flag       = Flag of Iowa.svg
|Flagsize   = 175px
|Seal       = Seal of Iowa.svg
|Bird       = [[American gowdfinch|Eastren goldfinch]]
|Flower     = [[Rosa arkansana|Wild rose]]
|Grass      = [[Bluebunch wheatgrass]]
|Tree       = [[Bur oak]]
|Rock       = [[Geode]]
|Motto      = ''Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain.''
|Route Marker = Iowa 3.svg
|Quarter    = 2004 IA Proof.png
|QuarterReleaseDate = 2004
}}

'''Iowa''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Iowa.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|.|ə|w|ə}}) is a [[U.S. state]] in the [[Midwastren Unitit States]]. It is mairchit bi sax states; [[Wisconsin]] tae the northeast, [[Illinois]] tae the east, [[Missouri]] tae the sooth, [[Nebraska]] tae the wast, [[Sooth Dakota]] tae the northwest, an [[Minnesota]] tae the north.

In colonial times, Iowa wis a pairt o [[Louisiana (New Fraunce)|French Louisiana]] an [[Louisiana (New Spain)|Spaingie Louisiana]]; its [[Banners o the U.S. states an territories|state banner]] is patterned efter the [[banner o Fraunce]]. Efter the [[Louisiana Purchase]], fowk laid the foondation for an [[agricultur]]-based economy in the hert o the [[Corn Belt]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Merry, Carl A. |year=1996 |title=The Historic Period |publisher=Office of the State Archeologist at the University of Iowa |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/learn/historic/hisper.htm |accessdate=June 29, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604163710/http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/learn/historic/hisper.htm |archivedate=June 4, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the latter hauf o the [[20t century]], Iowa's agricultural economy made the transeetion tae a diversifee'd economy o advanced manufacturin, processin, financial services, [[information technology]], [[biotechnology]], an [[Sustainable energy|green energy]] production.&lt;ref name=iaindustries&gt;{{cite web|title=Major Industries in Iowa |publisher=Iowa Department of Economic Development |url=http://www.iowalifechanging.com/downloads/iaindustries.pdf |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050520102110/http://www.iowalifechanging.com/downloads/iaindustries.pdf |archivedate=May 20, 2005 |accessdate=June 29, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;energy.iastate.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Wind Energy in Iowa |url=http://www.energy.iastate.edu/renewable/wind/ |publisher=Iowa Energy Center |accessdate=August 8, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621002941/http://www.energy.iastate.edu/renewable/wind/ |archivedate=June 21, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Iowa is the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi aurie|26t maist extensive]] in laund aurie an the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|30t maist populous]] o the [[Leet o states an territories o the Unitit States|50 U.S states]]. Its [[Leet o caipitals in the Unitit States|caipital]] an [[Leet o U.S. states' lairgest ceeties bi population|lairgest ceety bi population]] is [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]]. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= N.H. Receives Lowest Crime Ranking; Nevada Ranks as Worst State|url=http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2009/03/25/99012.htm?print=1|website=Insurance Journal|publisher=Wells Publishing|date= March 25, 2009|accessdate=August 8, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its nickname is the [[Hawkeye State]].

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
;State govrenment
* [http://www.iowa.gov/ {{PAGENAME}} state govrenment wabsteid]

==Relatit information==

{{Navboxes
|title= [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics relatit tae {{PAGENAME}}
|state=off
|list1=&lt;/span&gt;
{{{{PAGENAME}}|expanded}}
{{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}}
{{Unitit States topics}}
}}

[[Category:Iowa| ]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1846]]


{{Stub/USA}}</text>
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    <title>Al-Dimas</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="3129" sha1="bnzn9vluqdi102cvkx2kqqvy1b2oevx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name           = Al-Dimas&lt;br&gt;الديماس
|native_name             = 
|nickname                = 
|motto                   = 
|image_skyline           =
|imagesize               = 
|image_caption           = View 
|image_seal              = 
|seal_size               = 63px
|image_map               =
|map_caption             = 
|pushpin_map             = Syria
|pushpin_label_position  = &lt;!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
|pushpin_mapsize         = 300
|subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name        = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Qudsaya Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      =  Al-Dimas
|leader_title            = 
|leader_name             =
|established_title       = 
|established_date        = 
|established_title2      = &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2       = 
|established_title3      = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3       = 
|area_magnitude          = 
|area_total_km2          = 
|area_total_sq_mi        = 
|area_land_km2           = 
|area_land_sq_mi         = 
|area_water_km2          = 
|area_water_sq_mi        = 
|area_water_percent      = 
|area_urban_km2          = 
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|population_density_sq_mi=
|population_metro        = 
|population_density_metro_km2 = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_urban        = 
|timezone                = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset              = +2
|timezone_DST            = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST          = +3
|coordinates             = {{coord|33|35|00|N|36|05|00|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_m             = 1276
|elevation_ft            = 4189
|postal_code_type        =
|postal_code             =
|area_code               = Kintra code: 963
|footnotes               = 
|blank_name              = 
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}}

'''Al-Dimas''' ({{lang-ar|الديماس}}) (kent as Ad Dimas an aw) is a toun in Sirie,&lt;ref&gt;http://www.tageo.com/index-e-sy-v-08-d-m3483161.htm&lt;/ref&gt; locatit wast o the caipital ceety o [[Damascus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SY/8/Ad_Dimas.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102091131/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SY/8/Ad_Dimas.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  It haes an elevation o 1276m abuin sea level.

Ad Dimas is kent as the location whare a Canadian peacekeepin aircraft crashed efter being shot doun bi three Sirie [[Surface-tae-air missile]]s on 9 August 1974.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Qudsaya Destrict]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1767" sha1="8ydhrdy4xajicsj5fb265p6o8j3m85x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name           = Al-Dimas&lt;br&gt;الديماس
|image_caption           = View 
|seal_size               = 63px
|pushpin_map             = Syria
|pushpin_mapsize         = 300
|subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name        = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Qudsaya Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      =  Al-Dimas
|timezone                = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset              = +2
|timezone_DST            = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST          = +3
|coordinates             = {{coord|33|35|00|N|36|05|00|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_m             = 1276
|elevation_ft            = 4189
|area_code               = Kintra code: 963
}}

'''Al-Dimas''' ({{lang-ar|الديماس}}) (kent as Ad Dimas an aw) is a toun in Sirie,&lt;ref&gt;http://www.tageo.com/index-e-sy-v-08-d-m3483161.htm&lt;/ref&gt; locatit wast o the caipital ceety o [[Damascus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SY/8/Ad_Dimas.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102091131/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SY/8/Ad_Dimas.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  It haes an elevation o 1276m abuin sea level.

Ad Dimas is kent as the location whare a Canadian peacekeepin aircraft crashed efter being shot doun bi three Sirie [[Surface-tae-air missile]]s on 9 August 1974.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Qudsaya Destrict]]</text>
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    <title>Tyne an Wear</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtins &amp; red airtins</comment>
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      <text bytes="18019" sha1="nn1yiss1kqyl7sq6ohaiiq1x0k6myds" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox English county
| official_name          = Tyne an Wear
| other_name             =
| image_main             = 
| flag_image              = 
| flag_link               = 
 | motto = 
| image_caption          =
|               =
| arms_image             =
| arms_link              =
| locator_map            = [[File:Tyne and Wear UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Tyne an Wear within Ingland]]
| coordinates            =
| region                 = [[North East Ingland]]
| established_date       = 1974&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Local Government Act 1972]])&lt;/small&gt; Creautit frae the five [[coonty burgh]]s within [[Northumberland]] (North o Tyne) an [[Coonty Durham]] (Sooth o Tyne)
| established_by         =
| preceded_by            =
| origin                 =
| lord_lieutenant_office =
| lord_lieutenant_name   =
| high_sheriff_office    = Heich Shirra
| high_sheriff_name      = Mrs Catherine Moran OBE &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3222638|title=Privy Council Office-APPOINTMENT OF SHERIFFS|publisher=London Gazette|accessdate= 17 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019–20)
| area_total_km2         = 538
| area_total_rank        = 44t
| ethnicity              = 2011:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs211ew|title=2011 census: Ethnic group (detailed)|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]|accessdate=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054426/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs211ew|archive-date=20 May 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;91.49% White British&lt;br /&gt;4.10% Asian&lt;br /&gt;1.98% Other White&lt;br /&gt;0.97% Mixed&lt;br /&gt;0.78% Black&lt;br /&gt;0.67% Other
| county_council         =
| unitary_council        =
| unitary_council1       =
| government             =
| joint_committees       =
| admin_hq               =
| area_council_km2       = 538
| area_council_rank      = th
| iso_code               =
| ons_code               = 2D
| gss_code               =
| nuts_code              = UKC22/23
| districts_map          = [[File:Tyne and Wear numbered districts.svg|200px]]
| districts_key          =
| districts_list         = #[[Metropolitan Burgh o Gateshead|Gateshead]]
# [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
# [[North Tyneside]]
# [[Sooth Tyneside]]
# [[Ceety o Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| MPs                    = &lt;small&gt;
* [[Liz Twist]] Lab
* [[Nick Brown]] Lab
* [[Mary Glindon]] Lab
* [[Alan Campbell (politician)|Alan Campbell]] Lab
* [[Ian Mearns]] Lab
* [[Chi Onwurah]] Lab
* [[Julie Elliott]] Lab
* [[Catherine McKinnell]] Lab
* [[Stephen Hepburn]] Lab
* [[Sharon Hodgson]] Lab
* [[Bridget Phillipson]] Lab
* [[Emma Lewell-Buck]] Lab
&lt;/small&gt;
| police                 =
| website                =
}}
'''Tyne an Wear''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|aɪ|n|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|w|ɪər}} is a metropolitan coonty in North East Ingland aroond the mooths o the Rivers Tyne an Wear. It came intae existence as a metropolitan coonty in 1974 efter the passage o the Local Govrenment Act 1972.  It consists o the five metropolitan burghs o South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], Gateshead an the City of Sunderland.

Prior tae reforms in 1974, the territory comprisin the coonty o Tyne an Wear straddled the mairch atween the coonties o [[Northumberland]] an [[Coonty Durham]]. North Tyneside an Newcastle upon Tyne haed previously existit athin o [[Northumberland]], whareas South Tyneside, Gateshead an Sunderland wur aw previously athin the borders o Coonty Durham, wi the River Tyne formin the mairch o the twa coonties.

Tyne and Wear County Council wis abolished in 1986, an sae its destricts (the metropolitan burghs) are nou unitary authorities.  Housomeivver, the metropolitan coonty continues tae exist in law an as a geographic frame o reference.&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031223023527/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ons_geography/Gazetteer_v3.pdf Office of National Statistics] - Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020606075048/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/metropolitan.asp Metropolitan Counties and Districts], Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, ''[[Office for National Statistics]]'', September 17, 2004. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boundarycommittee.org.uk/your-area/north-east.cfm North East England Counties], The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

==History==
[[Newcastle upon Tyne]], Gateshead an [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] war aw constitutit as coonty burghs unner the Local Govrenment Act 1888 (Newcastle haed haed 'coonty burgh' status as the County and Town of Newcastle upon Tyne syne 1400).  Thir wur jynt bi Tynemouth in 1904.  Atween the coonty burghs various settlements wur pairt o the admeenistrative coonties o [[Coonty Durham|Durham]] an [[Northumberland]].

The need tae reform local govrenment on Tyneside wis recognisit as early as 1935, when a '''Royal Commission tae Investigate the Conditions of Local Government on Tyneside''' wis appointit.&lt;ref&gt;London Gazette, 10 May 1935&lt;/ref&gt; The three commissioners wur tae ''&quot;examine the seestem o local govrenment in the auries o local govrenment north an sooth o the river Tyne frae the sea tae the boondary o the Rural District of Castle Ward and Hexham in the County of Northumberland an tae the Wastren boondary o the County of Durham, tae consider wha chynges, if ony, shoud be made in the existin arrangements wi a view tae securin greater economy an efficiency, an tae mak recommendations.&quot;''

The report o the Ryal Commission wis published in 1937.&lt;ref&gt;Local Government in the Tyneside Area (Cmd.5402)&lt;/ref&gt; It recommendit the establishment o a Regional Cooncil for Northumberland an Tyneside (tae be cried the &quot;Northumberland Regional Council&quot;) tae admeenister services that needit tae be exercisit ower a wide aurie, wi a seicont tier o smawer units for ither local govrenment purposes. The seicont-tier units wad be formit bi amalgamatin the various existin burghs an destricts. The coonty burghs in the aurie wad lose thair status. Athin this aurie, a single municipality wad be formit coverin the fower coonty burghs o Newcastle, Gateshead, Tynemouth, South Shields an ither urban destricts an burghs.&lt;ref&gt;Government of Tyneside : a Regional Council.  The Times.  March 19, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

A minority report proposed amalgamation o Newcastle, Gateshead, Wallsend, Jarrow, Felling, Gosforth, Hebburn an Newburn intae a single &quot;coonty burgh o Newcastle-on-Tyneside&quot;.  The 1937 report wis no actit upon : local authorities wur unable tae gree on a scheme an the legislation o the time did no allou central govrenment tae compel ane.&lt;ref&gt;Local Government on Tyneside.  Sir K. Wood and Report of Commission.  The Times.  September 22, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tyneside (excludin [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]]) wis a Special Review Area unner the Local Govrenment Act 1958.  The Local Government Commission for England came back wi a recommendation tae creaut a new coonty o Tyneside based on the review aurie, dividit intae fower separate burghs.  This wis no implementit.  The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed a Tyneside unitary authority, again excludin Sunderland, which wis tae form a separate East Durham unitary authority.

The White Paper that led tae the Local Govrenment Act 1972 proposed as &quot;aurie 2&quot; a metropolitan coonty includin Newcastle an Sunderland, extendin as far sooth doun the coast as Seaham an Easington, an borderin &quot;aurie 4&quot; (which wad acome Cleveland).  The Bill as presentit in November 1971 pruned back the soothren edge o the aurie, an gae it the name 'Tyneside'.  The name 'Tyneside' wis controversial on Wearside, an the name chyngit tae 'Tyne an Wear' bi a govrenment amendment upon the request o Sunderland County Borough Council.&lt;ref&gt;Hansard, 6 July 1972, column 909&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;border:0px;text-align:left;line-height:150%;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Local Government Act 1972|post-1974]]
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Local Government Act 1888|pre-1974]]
|-
! Metropolitan coonty
! Metropolitan burgh
! [[Coonty burgh]]s
! [[Municipal burgh|Nan-coonty burgh]]s
! [[Urban destrict (Great Breetain an Ireland)|Urban destricts]]
! [[Rural destrict]]s
|-
|rowspan=5| [[File:Tyne and Wear County.png|400px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;Tyne an Wear is an amalgamation o 24 umwhile local govrenment destricts, includin five coonty burghs.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
| [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
| [[County Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
| -
| [[Blaydon]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Felling, Tyne and Wear|Felling]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Ryton, Tyne and Wear|Ryton]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Whickham]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Chester-le-Street]]
|-
| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
| Newcastle upon Tyne
| -
| [[Gosforth]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Newburn]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Castle Ward Rural Destrict|Castle Ward]]&amp;nbsp;• 
|-
| [[North Tyneside]]
| [[County Borough of Tynemouth|Tynemouth]]
| [[Wallsend]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Whitley Bay]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Longbenton]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Seaton Valley]]&amp;nbsp;•
| -
|-
| [[South Tyneside]]
| [[South Shields]]
| [[Jarrow]]
| [[Boldon]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Hebburn]]&amp;nbsp;•
| -
|-
| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| -
| [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]• [[Houghton-le-Spring]]• [[Hetton-le-Hole]]• 
| [[Easington]]&amp;nbsp;•

|-
|}

==Local govrenment==
Awtho the metropolitan coonty cooncil wis abolished in 1986, several [[Local Govrenment in the Unitit Kinrick#Joint-buirds|''joint bodies'']] exist tae run certaint services on a coonty-wide basis. Maist notable is the [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority]], which co-ordinates transport policy. Throu its [[passenger transport executive]], kent as '''Nexus''', it awns an operates the [[Tyne and Wear Metro]] [[light rail]] seestem, an the Shields [[ferry]] service an the Tyne [[Tunnel]], linkin commonties on aither side o the River Tyne. An aw throu Nexus, the authority subsidises socially-necessar transport services (includin taxis) an operates a concessionary fares scheme for the elderly an disabled.

The Passenger Transport Authority is a &quot;preceptin authority&quot;, raisin funds bi imposin a levy on the [[Cooncil Tax]] o the five constituent authorities o Tyne an Wear.

Ither joint bodies include the [[Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service]] an [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums]], which wis creatit frae the merger o the [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums|Tyne and Wear Archives Service]] an [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums|Tyne and Wear Museums]]. Thir joint bodies are admeenistered bi representatives o aw five o the constituent cooncils. In addition the [[Northumbria Police]] force, which covers the whole o [[Northumberland]] an Tyne an Wear, is ane o several joint forces in Ingland spannin twa or mair coonties.  The force wis creatit in 1974, an sae is no a bi-product o the abolition o the coonty cooncil.

== Politics ==
{{see an aa|Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear}}
Tyne an Wear is dividit intae 12 [[Parliamentary]] [[constituencies]]. In Julie 2005, aw thir constituencies wur representit bi [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]]. Historically, the aurie haes been a Labour stranghauld: for ensaumple, South Shields is the anerlie Parliamentary constituency that haes niver returned a [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] Member o Parliament (MP) tae the [[Breetish Hoose o Commons|Hoose o Commons]] syne the [[Reform Act 1832|Reform Act o 1832]].

Reviews bi the [[Boundary Commissions (Unitit Kinrick)|Boundary Commission]] mey lead tae a chynge in the nummer o parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear, reducin them bi ane. This coud see a constituency returnin a Conservative MP as the reorganisation o constituencies in the [[City of Sunderland]] haes creatit a Sunderland Central constituency, encompassin the Conservative-held wairds north an sooth o the [[River Wear]]. Washington an Sunderland West an Houghton an Sunderland South are the ither new constituencies, awtho thare haes been criticism that [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] daes no share the same cultural an historical links that [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]] an [[Houghton-le-Spring]] dae, which wis reflected in the auld Houghton an Washington East constituency. The smaw pairt o the Gateshead East an Washington West constituency that lees athin the [[City of Sunderland]] will be includit in the Sunderland North an Washington constituency.

At the level o [[local govrenment]], three o the region's five [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]] wur controlled bi Labour in 2005, the exceptions bein Newcastle City Council an North Tyneside Council. Syne an upset result in the [[UK local election, 2004|local elections o 2004]], the umwhile haes been controlled bi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]]. Nae ane pairty haes oweraw control o North Tyneside Council: while the Conservatives hauld the greatest nummer o seats, 28, thay lack an oweraw majority, thare are 32 ither cooncillors.  North Tyneside is the anerlie authority in the aurie wi a directly electit Mayor.  Currently a Conservative member.

== Settlements ==
''For a complete leet o aw veelages, touns an ceeties see the [[leet o places in Tyne an Wear]].''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Burgh/Ceety
! Locality
! Authority
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead'''''
|[[Low Fell]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Blaydon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sheriff Hill]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gateshead]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rowlands Gill]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ryton, Tyne an Wear|Ryton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Whickham]]
| [http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/ Gateshead Metropolitian Borough Council]
|-
| '''''City of Newcastle upon Tyne'''''
|[[Byker]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gosforth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[North Kenton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Blakelaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Fenham]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Elswick, Tyne an Wear|Elswick]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Walbottle]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Westerhope]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jesmond]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[West Moor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Heaton, Newcastle|Heaton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Throckley]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Walker]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ Newcastle upon Tyne City Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208200135/http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ |date=2011-02-08 }}
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside'''''
|[[Backworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
Benton
[[Cullercoats]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Earsdon]]&lt;br /&gt;
Forest Hall
[[Killingworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Longbenton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Monkseaton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[North Shields]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Preston, Tynemouth|Preston]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tynemouth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wallsend]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Whitley Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wideopen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/ North Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923012827/https://northtyneside.gov.uk/ |date=2020-09-23 }}
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside'''''
|[[Boldon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cleadon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hebburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jarrow]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[South Shields]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Whitburn, Tyne and Wear|Whitburn]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/ South Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council]
|-
| '''''City of Sunderland'''''
|[[Castletown, Tyne an Wear|Castletown]]
[[Fulwell, Sunderland|Fulwell]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hendon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Herrington]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hetton-le-Hole]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Houghton-le-Spring]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hylton Red House]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newbottle, Tyne an Wear|Newbottle]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Penshaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rainton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ryhope]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Seaburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Silksworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shiney Row]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[South Hylton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Southwick, Sunderland|Southwick]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Springwell veelage|Springwell Village]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Warden Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ashbrooke
Tunstall
| [http://www.sunderland.gov.uk/ Sunderland City Council]
|}

== Places o interest ==
*Gateshead
**[[Angel of the North]]
**[[Beamish Museum]], which crosses the Gateshead/Chester-le-Street boindary
**[[BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art]]
**[[Gateshead International Stadium]]
**[[Gateshead Millennium Bridge]]
**[[Gibside]]
**[[MetroCentre (shoppin centre)|MetroCentre]]
**[[Saltwell Park]]
**[[Tanfield Railway]], Sunniside (crosses boondary intae Derwentside)
**[[The Sage Gateshead]]
*Newcastle upon Tyne
**[[Discovery Museum]] (previously Museum of Science &amp; Engineering)
**[[Hadrian's Wall]]
**[[Hancock Museum]]
**[[Jesmond Dene]] [[public pairk]]
**[[Newcastle Castle Keep]]
**[[Sports Direct Arena]]
**[[Leazes Park]]
**[[Centre for Life]]
**[[Town Moor, Newcastle upon Tyne|Town Moor]]
**[[Tyneside cinema]]
**[[Newcastle Chinatown]]
**[[Quayside]]
**[[Metro Radio Arena]]
**[[Laing Art Gallery]]
**[[Theatre Royal, Newcastle|Theatre Royal]]
**[[Northumberland Street]]
**[[Grey Street, Newcastle|Grey Street]]
**[[Grey's Monument]]
**[[The Biscuit Factory]]
**[[Tyne Bridge]]
*North Tyneside
**[[Segedunum]] [[castra|Roman Fort]] &amp; Museum, Wallsend
**[[St Mary's Island, Tyne an Wear|St Mary's Island]] [[bird]] reserve
**[[Tynemouth Castle]]
*South Tyneside
**[[Arbeia]] Roman Fort &amp; Museum, South Shields
**[[Marsden Rock]] [[bird]] reserve
**[[Souter Point Lighthouse]]
**[[Bede's World]], Jarrow
*Sunderland
**[[Museum and Winter Gardens|The Museum and Winter Gardens]]
**[[Mowbray Park]]
**[[National Glass Centre|The National Glass]]
**[[Hylton Castle]]
**[[Penshaw Monument]]
**[[St. Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth|St. Peter's Church]]
**[[Stadium of Light]]
**[[Empire Theatre, Sunderland|The Empire Theatre]]
**[http://www.ngca.co.uk/ Northern Gallery for Contemporary Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211190113/http://www.ngca.co.uk/ |date=2016-02-11 }}

==See an aw==
{{Portal|North East England}}


==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Tyne and Wear}}
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Tyne_and_Wear}}

{{Tyne an Wear}}
{{T&amp;W places}}
{{NE Ingland}}
{{Ingland coonties}}
{{Metropolitan coonties an metropolitan destricts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyne An Wear}}
&lt;!--Categories--&gt;
[[Category:Tyne an Wear| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan coonties]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17336" sha1="t3rn49x4g1n60q3749bctojyybgng0d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox English county
| official_name          = Tyne an Wear
| locator_map            = [[File:Tyne and Wear UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Tyne an Wear within Ingland]]
| region                 = [[North East Ingland]]
| established_date       = 1974&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Local Government Act 1972]])&lt;/small&gt; Creautit frae the five [[coonty burgh]]s within [[Northumberland]] (North o Tyne) an [[Coonty Durham]] (Sooth o Tyne)
| high_sheriff_office    = Heich Shirra
| high_sheriff_name      = Mrs Catherine Moran OBE &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3222638|title=Privy Council Office-APPOINTMENT OF SHERIFFS|publisher=London Gazette|accessdate= 17 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019–20)
| area_total_km2         = 538
| area_total_rank        = 44t
| ethnicity              = 2011:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs211ew|title=2011 census: Ethnic group (detailed)|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]|accessdate=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054426/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs211ew|archive-date=20 May 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;91.49% White British&lt;br /&gt;4.10% Asian&lt;br /&gt;1.98% Other White&lt;br /&gt;0.97% Mixed&lt;br /&gt;0.78% Black&lt;br /&gt;0.67% Other
| area_council_km2       = 538
| area_council_rank      = th
| ons_code               = 2D
| nuts_code              = UKC22/23
| districts_map          = [[File:Tyne and Wear numbered districts.svg|200px]]
| districts_list         = #[[Metropolitan Burgh o Gateshead|Gateshead]]
# [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
# [[North Tyneside]]
# [[Sooth Tyneside]]
# [[Ceety o Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| MPs                    = &lt;small&gt;
* [[Liz Twist]] Lab
* [[Nick Brown]] Lab
* [[Mary Glindon]] Lab
* [[Alan Campbell (politician)|Alan Campbell]] Lab
* [[Ian Mearns]] Lab
* [[Chi Onwurah]] Lab
* [[Julie Elliott]] Lab
* [[Catherine McKinnell]] Lab
* [[Stephen Hepburn]] Lab
* [[Sharon Hodgson]] Lab
* [[Bridget Phillipson]] Lab
* [[Emma Lewell-Buck]] Lab
&lt;/small&gt;
}}
'''Tyne an Wear''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|aɪ|n|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|w|ɪər}} is a metropolitan coonty in North East Ingland aroond the mooths o the Rivers Tyne an Wear. It came intae existence as a metropolitan coonty in 1974 efter the passage o the Local Govrenment Act 1972.  It consists o the five metropolitan burghs o South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], Gateshead an the City of Sunderland.

Prior tae reforms in 1974, the territory comprisin the coonty o Tyne an Wear straddled the mairch atween the coonties o [[Northumberland]] an [[Coonty Durham]]. North Tyneside an Newcastle upon Tyne haed previously existit athin o [[Northumberland]], whareas South Tyneside, Gateshead an Sunderland wur aw previously athin the borders o Coonty Durham, wi the River Tyne formin the mairch o the twa coonties.

Tyne and Wear County Council wis abolished in 1986, an sae its destricts (the metropolitan burghs) are nou unitary authorities.  Housomeivver, the metropolitan coonty continues tae exist in law an as a geographic frame o reference.&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031223023527/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ons_geography/Gazetteer_v3.pdf Office of National Statistics] - Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020606075048/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/metropolitan.asp Metropolitan Counties and Districts], Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, ''[[Office for National Statistics]]'', September 17, 2004. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boundarycommittee.org.uk/your-area/north-east.cfm North East England Counties], The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

==History==
[[Newcastle upon Tyne]], Gateshead an [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] war aw constitutit as coonty burghs unner the Local Govrenment Act 1888 (Newcastle haed haed 'coonty burgh' status as the County and Town of Newcastle upon Tyne syne 1400).  Thir wur jynt bi Tynemouth in 1904.  Atween the coonty burghs various settlements wur pairt o the admeenistrative coonties o [[Coonty Durham|Durham]] an [[Northumberland]].

The need tae reform local govrenment on Tyneside wis recognisit as early as 1935, when a '''Royal Commission tae Investigate the Conditions of Local Government on Tyneside''' wis appointit.&lt;ref&gt;London Gazette, 10 May 1935&lt;/ref&gt; The three commissioners wur tae ''&quot;examine the seestem o local govrenment in the auries o local govrenment north an sooth o the river Tyne frae the sea tae the boondary o the Rural District of Castle Ward and Hexham in the County of Northumberland an tae the Wastren boondary o the County of Durham, tae consider wha chynges, if ony, shoud be made in the existin arrangements wi a view tae securin greater economy an efficiency, an tae mak recommendations.&quot;''

The report o the Ryal Commission wis published in 1937.&lt;ref&gt;Local Government in the Tyneside Area (Cmd.5402)&lt;/ref&gt; It recommendit the establishment o a Regional Cooncil for Northumberland an Tyneside (tae be cried the &quot;Northumberland Regional Council&quot;) tae admeenister services that needit tae be exercisit ower a wide aurie, wi a seicont tier o smawer units for ither local govrenment purposes. The seicont-tier units wad be formit bi amalgamatin the various existin burghs an destricts. The coonty burghs in the aurie wad lose thair status. Athin this aurie, a single municipality wad be formit coverin the fower coonty burghs o Newcastle, Gateshead, Tynemouth, South Shields an ither urban destricts an burghs.&lt;ref&gt;Government of Tyneside : a Regional Council.  The Times.  March 19, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

A minority report proposed amalgamation o Newcastle, Gateshead, Wallsend, Jarrow, Felling, Gosforth, Hebburn an Newburn intae a single &quot;coonty burgh o Newcastle-on-Tyneside&quot;.  The 1937 report wis no actit upon : local authorities wur unable tae gree on a scheme an the legislation o the time did no allou central govrenment tae compel ane.&lt;ref&gt;Local Government on Tyneside.  Sir K. Wood and Report of Commission.  The Times.  September 22, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tyneside (excludin [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]]) wis a Special Review Area unner the Local Govrenment Act 1958.  The Local Government Commission for England came back wi a recommendation tae creaut a new coonty o Tyneside based on the review aurie, dividit intae fower separate burghs.  This wis no implementit.  The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed a Tyneside unitary authority, again excludin Sunderland, which wis tae form a separate East Durham unitary authority.

The White Paper that led tae the Local Govrenment Act 1972 proposed as &quot;aurie 2&quot; a metropolitan coonty includin Newcastle an Sunderland, extendin as far sooth doun the coast as Seaham an Easington, an borderin &quot;aurie 4&quot; (which wad acome Cleveland).  The Bill as presentit in November 1971 pruned back the soothren edge o the aurie, an gae it the name 'Tyneside'.  The name 'Tyneside' wis controversial on Wearside, an the name chyngit tae 'Tyne an Wear' bi a govrenment amendment upon the request o Sunderland County Borough Council.&lt;ref&gt;Hansard, 6 July 1972, column 909&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;border:0px;text-align:left;line-height:150%;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Local Government Act 1972|post-1974]]
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Local Government Act 1888|pre-1974]]
|-
! Metropolitan coonty
! Metropolitan burgh
! [[Coonty burgh]]s
! [[Municipal burgh|Nan-coonty burgh]]s
! [[Urban destrict (Great Breetain an Ireland)|Urban destricts]]
! [[Rural destrict]]s
|-
|rowspan=5| [[File:Tyne and Wear County.png|400px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;Tyne an Wear is an amalgamation o 24 umwhile local govrenment destricts, includin five coonty burghs.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
| [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
| [[County Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
| -
| [[Blaydon]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Felling, Tyne and Wear|Felling]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Ryton, Tyne and Wear|Ryton]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Whickham]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Chester-le-Street]]
|-
| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
| Newcastle upon Tyne
| -
| [[Gosforth]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Newburn]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Castle Ward Rural Destrict|Castle Ward]]&amp;nbsp;• 
|-
| [[North Tyneside]]
| [[County Borough of Tynemouth|Tynemouth]]
| [[Wallsend]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Whitley Bay]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Longbenton]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Seaton Valley]]&amp;nbsp;•
| -
|-
| [[South Tyneside]]
| [[South Shields]]
| [[Jarrow]]
| [[Boldon]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Hebburn]]&amp;nbsp;•
| -
|-
| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| -
| [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]• [[Houghton-le-Spring]]• [[Hetton-le-Hole]]• 
| [[Easington]]&amp;nbsp;•

|-
|}

==Local govrenment==
Awtho the metropolitan coonty cooncil wis abolished in 1986, several [[Local Govrenment in the Unitit Kinrick#Joint-buirds|''joint bodies'']] exist tae run certaint services on a coonty-wide basis. Maist notable is the [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority]], which co-ordinates transport policy. Throu its [[passenger transport executive]], kent as '''Nexus''', it awns an operates the [[Tyne and Wear Metro]] [[light rail]] seestem, an the Shields [[ferry]] service an the Tyne [[Tunnel]], linkin commonties on aither side o the River Tyne. An aw throu Nexus, the authority subsidises socially-necessar transport services (includin taxis) an operates a concessionary fares scheme for the elderly an disabled.

The Passenger Transport Authority is a &quot;preceptin authority&quot;, raisin funds bi imposin a levy on the [[Cooncil Tax]] o the five constituent authorities o Tyne an Wear.

Ither joint bodies include the [[Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service]] an [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums]], which wis creatit frae the merger o the [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums|Tyne and Wear Archives Service]] an [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums|Tyne and Wear Museums]]. Thir joint bodies are admeenistered bi representatives o aw five o the constituent cooncils. In addition the [[Northumbria Police]] force, which covers the whole o [[Northumberland]] an Tyne an Wear, is ane o several joint forces in Ingland spannin twa or mair coonties.  The force wis creatit in 1974, an sae is no a bi-product o the abolition o the coonty cooncil.

== Politics ==
{{see an aa|Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear}}
Tyne an Wear is dividit intae 12 [[Parliamentary]] [[constituencies]]. In Julie 2005, aw thir constituencies wur representit bi [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]]. Historically, the aurie haes been a Labour stranghauld: for ensaumple, South Shields is the anerlie Parliamentary constituency that haes niver returned a [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] Member o Parliament (MP) tae the [[Breetish Hoose o Commons|Hoose o Commons]] syne the [[Reform Act 1832|Reform Act o 1832]].

Reviews bi the [[Boundary Commissions (Unitit Kinrick)|Boundary Commission]] mey lead tae a chynge in the nummer o parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear, reducin them bi ane. This coud see a constituency returnin a Conservative MP as the reorganisation o constituencies in the [[City of Sunderland]] haes creatit a Sunderland Central constituency, encompassin the Conservative-held wairds north an sooth o the [[River Wear]]. Washington an Sunderland West an Houghton an Sunderland South are the ither new constituencies, awtho thare haes been criticism that [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] daes no share the same cultural an historical links that [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]] an [[Houghton-le-Spring]] dae, which wis reflected in the auld Houghton an Washington East constituency. The smaw pairt o the Gateshead East an Washington West constituency that lees athin the [[City of Sunderland]] will be includit in the Sunderland North an Washington constituency.

At the level o [[local govrenment]], three o the region's five [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]] wur controlled bi Labour in 2005, the exceptions bein Newcastle City Council an North Tyneside Council. Syne an upset result in the [[UK local election, 2004|local elections o 2004]], the umwhile haes been controlled bi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]]. Nae ane pairty haes oweraw control o North Tyneside Council: while the Conservatives hauld the greatest nummer o seats, 28, thay lack an oweraw majority, thare are 32 ither cooncillors.  North Tyneside is the anerlie authority in the aurie wi a directly electit Mayor.  Currently a Conservative member.

== Settlements ==
''For a complete leet o aw veelages, touns an ceeties see the [[leet o places in Tyne an Wear]].''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Burgh/Ceety
! Locality
! Authority
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead'''''
|[[Low Fell]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Blaydon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sheriff Hill]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gateshead]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rowlands Gill]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ryton, Tyne an Wear|Ryton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Whickham]]
| [http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/ Gateshead Metropolitian Borough Council]
|-
| '''''City of Newcastle upon Tyne'''''
|[[Byker]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gosforth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[North Kenton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Blakelaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Fenham]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Elswick, Tyne an Wear|Elswick]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Walbottle]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Westerhope]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jesmond]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[West Moor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Heaton, Newcastle|Heaton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Throckley]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Walker]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ Newcastle upon Tyne City Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208200135/http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ |date=2011-02-08 }}
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside'''''
|[[Backworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
Benton
[[Cullercoats]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Earsdon]]&lt;br /&gt;
Forest Hall
[[Killingworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Longbenton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Monkseaton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[North Shields]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Preston, Tynemouth|Preston]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tynemouth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wallsend]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Whitley Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wideopen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/ North Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923012827/https://northtyneside.gov.uk/ |date=2020-09-23 }}
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside'''''
|[[Boldon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cleadon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hebburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jarrow]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[South Shields]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Whitburn, Tyne and Wear|Whitburn]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/ South Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council]
|-
| '''''City of Sunderland'''''
|[[Castletown, Tyne an Wear|Castletown]]
[[Fulwell, Sunderland|Fulwell]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hendon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Herrington]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hetton-le-Hole]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Houghton-le-Spring]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hylton Red House]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newbottle, Tyne an Wear|Newbottle]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Penshaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rainton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ryhope]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Seaburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Silksworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shiney Row]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[South Hylton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Southwick, Sunderland|Southwick]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Springwell veelage|Springwell Village]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Warden Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ashbrooke
Tunstall
| [http://www.sunderland.gov.uk/ Sunderland City Council]
|}

== Places o interest ==
*Gateshead
**[[Angel of the North]]
**[[Beamish Museum]], which crosses the Gateshead/Chester-le-Street boindary
**[[BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art]]
**[[Gateshead International Stadium]]
**[[Gateshead Millennium Bridge]]
**[[Gibside]]
**[[MetroCentre (shoppin centre)|MetroCentre]]
**[[Saltwell Park]]
**[[Tanfield Railway]], Sunniside (crosses boondary intae Derwentside)
**[[The Sage Gateshead]]
*Newcastle upon Tyne
**[[Discovery Museum]] (previously Museum of Science &amp; Engineering)
**[[Hadrian's Wall]]
**[[Hancock Museum]]
**[[Jesmond Dene]] [[public pairk]]
**[[Newcastle Castle Keep]]
**[[Sports Direct Arena]]
**[[Leazes Park]]
**[[Centre for Life]]
**[[Town Moor, Newcastle upon Tyne|Town Moor]]
**[[Tyneside cinema]]
**[[Newcastle Chinatown]]
**[[Quayside]]
**[[Metro Radio Arena]]
**[[Laing Art Gallery]]
**[[Theatre Royal, Newcastle|Theatre Royal]]
**[[Northumberland Street]]
**[[Grey Street, Newcastle|Grey Street]]
**[[Grey's Monument]]
**[[The Biscuit Factory]]
**[[Tyne Bridge]]
*North Tyneside
**[[Segedunum]] [[castra|Roman Fort]] &amp; Museum, Wallsend
**[[St Mary's Island, Tyne an Wear|St Mary's Island]] [[bird]] reserve
**[[Tynemouth Castle]]
*South Tyneside
**[[Arbeia]] Roman Fort &amp; Museum, South Shields
**[[Marsden Rock]] [[bird]] reserve
**[[Souter Point Lighthouse]]
**[[Bede's World]], Jarrow
*Sunderland
**[[Museum and Winter Gardens|The Museum and Winter Gardens]]
**[[Mowbray Park]]
**[[National Glass Centre|The National Glass]]
**[[Hylton Castle]]
**[[Penshaw Monument]]
**[[St. Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth|St. Peter's Church]]
**[[Stadium of Light]]
**[[Empire Theatre, Sunderland|The Empire Theatre]]
**[http://www.ngca.co.uk/ Northern Gallery for Contemporary Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211190113/http://www.ngca.co.uk/ |date=2016-02-11 }}

==See an aw==
{{Portal|North East England}}


==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Tyne and Wear}}
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Tyne_and_Wear}}

{{Tyne an Wear}}
{{T&amp;W places}}
{{NE Ingland}}
{{Ingland coonties}}
{{Metropolitan coonties an metropolitan destricts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyne An Wear}}
&lt;!--Categories--&gt;
[[Category:Tyne an Wear| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan coonties]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17336" sha1="l7hmlv9ashm355mfop7teg727cpqy57" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Ingland coonty
| official_name          = Tyne an Wear
| locator_map            = [[File:Tyne and Wear UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Tyne an Wear within Ingland]]
| region                 = [[North East Ingland]]
| established_date       = 1974&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Local Government Act 1972]])&lt;/small&gt; Creautit frae the five [[coonty burgh]]s within [[Northumberland]] (North o Tyne) an [[Coonty Durham]] (Sooth o Tyne)
| high_sheriff_office    = Heich Shirra
| high_sheriff_name      = Mrs Catherine Moran OBE &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3222638|title=Privy Council Office-APPOINTMENT OF SHERIFFS|publisher=London Gazette|accessdate= 17 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019–20)
| area_total_km2         = 538
| area_total_rank        = 44t
| ethnicity              = 2011:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs211ew|title=2011 census: Ethnic group (detailed)|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]|accessdate=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054426/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/qs211ew|archive-date=20 May 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;91.49% White British&lt;br /&gt;4.10% Asian&lt;br /&gt;1.98% Other White&lt;br /&gt;0.97% Mixed&lt;br /&gt;0.78% Black&lt;br /&gt;0.67% Other
| area_council_km2       = 538
| area_council_rank      = th
| ons_code               = 2D
| nuts_code              = UKC22/23
| districts_map          = [[File:Tyne and Wear numbered districts.svg|200px]]
| districts_list         = #[[Metropolitan Burgh o Gateshead|Gateshead]]
# [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
# [[North Tyneside]]
# [[Sooth Tyneside]]
# [[Ceety o Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| MPs                    = &lt;small&gt;
* [[Liz Twist]] Lab
* [[Nick Brown]] Lab
* [[Mary Glindon]] Lab
* [[Alan Campbell (politician)|Alan Campbell]] Lab
* [[Ian Mearns]] Lab
* [[Chi Onwurah]] Lab
* [[Julie Elliott]] Lab
* [[Catherine McKinnell]] Lab
* [[Stephen Hepburn]] Lab
* [[Sharon Hodgson]] Lab
* [[Bridget Phillipson]] Lab
* [[Emma Lewell-Buck]] Lab
&lt;/small&gt;
}}
'''Tyne an Wear''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|aɪ|n|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|w|ɪər}} is a metropolitan coonty in North East Ingland aroond the mooths o the Rivers Tyne an Wear. It came intae existence as a metropolitan coonty in 1974 efter the passage o the Local Govrenment Act 1972.  It consists o the five metropolitan burghs o South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], Gateshead an the City of Sunderland.

Prior tae reforms in 1974, the territory comprisin the coonty o Tyne an Wear straddled the mairch atween the coonties o [[Northumberland]] an [[Coonty Durham]]. North Tyneside an Newcastle upon Tyne haed previously existit athin o [[Northumberland]], whareas South Tyneside, Gateshead an Sunderland wur aw previously athin the borders o Coonty Durham, wi the River Tyne formin the mairch o the twa coonties.

Tyne and Wear County Council wis abolished in 1986, an sae its destricts (the metropolitan burghs) are nou unitary authorities.  Housomeivver, the metropolitan coonty continues tae exist in law an as a geographic frame o reference.&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031223023527/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ons_geography/Gazetteer_v3.pdf Office of National Statistics] - Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom, p48. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020606075048/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/metropolitan.asp Metropolitan Counties and Districts], Beginners' Guide to UK Geography, ''[[Office for National Statistics]]'', September 17, 2004. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boundarycommittee.org.uk/your-area/north-east.cfm North East England Counties], The Boundary Commission for England. URL accessed March 12, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

==History==
[[Newcastle upon Tyne]], Gateshead an [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] war aw constitutit as coonty burghs unner the Local Govrenment Act 1888 (Newcastle haed haed 'coonty burgh' status as the County and Town of Newcastle upon Tyne syne 1400).  Thir wur jynt bi Tynemouth in 1904.  Atween the coonty burghs various settlements wur pairt o the admeenistrative coonties o [[Coonty Durham|Durham]] an [[Northumberland]].

The need tae reform local govrenment on Tyneside wis recognisit as early as 1935, when a '''Royal Commission tae Investigate the Conditions of Local Government on Tyneside''' wis appointit.&lt;ref&gt;London Gazette, 10 May 1935&lt;/ref&gt; The three commissioners wur tae ''&quot;examine the seestem o local govrenment in the auries o local govrenment north an sooth o the river Tyne frae the sea tae the boondary o the Rural District of Castle Ward and Hexham in the County of Northumberland an tae the Wastren boondary o the County of Durham, tae consider wha chynges, if ony, shoud be made in the existin arrangements wi a view tae securin greater economy an efficiency, an tae mak recommendations.&quot;''

The report o the Ryal Commission wis published in 1937.&lt;ref&gt;Local Government in the Tyneside Area (Cmd.5402)&lt;/ref&gt; It recommendit the establishment o a Regional Cooncil for Northumberland an Tyneside (tae be cried the &quot;Northumberland Regional Council&quot;) tae admeenister services that needit tae be exercisit ower a wide aurie, wi a seicont tier o smawer units for ither local govrenment purposes. The seicont-tier units wad be formit bi amalgamatin the various existin burghs an destricts. The coonty burghs in the aurie wad lose thair status. Athin this aurie, a single municipality wad be formit coverin the fower coonty burghs o Newcastle, Gateshead, Tynemouth, South Shields an ither urban destricts an burghs.&lt;ref&gt;Government of Tyneside : a Regional Council.  The Times.  March 19, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

A minority report proposed amalgamation o Newcastle, Gateshead, Wallsend, Jarrow, Felling, Gosforth, Hebburn an Newburn intae a single &quot;coonty burgh o Newcastle-on-Tyneside&quot;.  The 1937 report wis no actit upon : local authorities wur unable tae gree on a scheme an the legislation o the time did no allou central govrenment tae compel ane.&lt;ref&gt;Local Government on Tyneside.  Sir K. Wood and Report of Commission.  The Times.  September 22, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tyneside (excludin [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]]) wis a Special Review Area unner the Local Govrenment Act 1958.  The Local Government Commission for England came back wi a recommendation tae creaut a new coonty o Tyneside based on the review aurie, dividit intae fower separate burghs.  This wis no implementit.  The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed a Tyneside unitary authority, again excludin Sunderland, which wis tae form a separate East Durham unitary authority.

The White Paper that led tae the Local Govrenment Act 1972 proposed as &quot;aurie 2&quot; a metropolitan coonty includin Newcastle an Sunderland, extendin as far sooth doun the coast as Seaham an Easington, an borderin &quot;aurie 4&quot; (which wad acome Cleveland).  The Bill as presentit in November 1971 pruned back the soothren edge o the aurie, an gae it the name 'Tyneside'.  The name 'Tyneside' wis controversial on Wearside, an the name chyngit tae 'Tyne an Wear' bi a govrenment amendment upon the request o Sunderland County Borough Council.&lt;ref&gt;Hansard, 6 July 1972, column 909&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;border:0px;text-align:left;line-height:150%;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Local Government Act 1972|post-1974]]
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Local Government Act 1888|pre-1974]]
|-
! Metropolitan coonty
! Metropolitan burgh
! [[Coonty burgh]]s
! [[Municipal burgh|Nan-coonty burgh]]s
! [[Urban destrict (Great Breetain an Ireland)|Urban destricts]]
! [[Rural destrict]]s
|-
|rowspan=5| [[File:Tyne and Wear County.png|400px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;small&gt;Tyne an Wear is an amalgamation o 24 umwhile local govrenment destricts, includin five coonty burghs.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
| [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
| [[County Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
| -
| [[Blaydon]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Felling, Tyne and Wear|Felling]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Ryton, Tyne and Wear|Ryton]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Whickham]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Chester-le-Street]]
|-
| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
| Newcastle upon Tyne
| -
| [[Gosforth]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Newburn]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Castle Ward Rural Destrict|Castle Ward]]&amp;nbsp;• 
|-
| [[North Tyneside]]
| [[County Borough of Tynemouth|Tynemouth]]
| [[Wallsend]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Whitley Bay]]&amp;nbsp;•
| [[Longbenton]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Seaton Valley]]&amp;nbsp;•
| -
|-
| [[South Tyneside]]
| [[South Shields]]
| [[Jarrow]]
| [[Boldon]]&amp;nbsp;• [[Hebburn]]&amp;nbsp;•
| -
|-
| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| [[City of Sunderland|Sunderland]]
| -
| [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]• [[Houghton-le-Spring]]• [[Hetton-le-Hole]]• 
| [[Easington]]&amp;nbsp;•

|-
|}

==Local govrenment==
Awtho the metropolitan coonty cooncil wis abolished in 1986, several [[Local Govrenment in the Unitit Kinrick#Joint-buirds|''joint bodies'']] exist tae run certaint services on a coonty-wide basis. Maist notable is the [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority]], which co-ordinates transport policy. Throu its [[passenger transport executive]], kent as '''Nexus''', it awns an operates the [[Tyne and Wear Metro]] [[light rail]] seestem, an the Shields [[ferry]] service an the Tyne [[Tunnel]], linkin commonties on aither side o the River Tyne. An aw throu Nexus, the authority subsidises socially-necessar transport services (includin taxis) an operates a concessionary fares scheme for the elderly an disabled.

The Passenger Transport Authority is a &quot;preceptin authority&quot;, raisin funds bi imposin a levy on the [[Cooncil Tax]] o the five constituent authorities o Tyne an Wear.

Ither joint bodies include the [[Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service]] an [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums]], which wis creatit frae the merger o the [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums|Tyne and Wear Archives Service]] an [[Tyne &amp; Wear Archives &amp; Museums|Tyne and Wear Museums]]. Thir joint bodies are admeenistered bi representatives o aw five o the constituent cooncils. In addition the [[Northumbria Police]] force, which covers the whole o [[Northumberland]] an Tyne an Wear, is ane o several joint forces in Ingland spannin twa or mair coonties.  The force wis creatit in 1974, an sae is no a bi-product o the abolition o the coonty cooncil.

== Politics ==
{{see an aa|Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear}}
Tyne an Wear is dividit intae 12 [[Parliamentary]] [[constituencies]]. In Julie 2005, aw thir constituencies wur representit bi [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]]. Historically, the aurie haes been a Labour stranghauld: for ensaumple, South Shields is the anerlie Parliamentary constituency that haes niver returned a [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] Member o Parliament (MP) tae the [[Breetish Hoose o Commons|Hoose o Commons]] syne the [[Reform Act 1832|Reform Act o 1832]].

Reviews bi the [[Boundary Commissions (Unitit Kinrick)|Boundary Commission]] mey lead tae a chynge in the nummer o parliamentary constituencies in Tyne an Wear, reducin them bi ane. This coud see a constituency returnin a Conservative MP as the reorganisation o constituencies in the [[City of Sunderland]] haes creatit a Sunderland Central constituency, encompassin the Conservative-held wairds north an sooth o the [[River Wear]]. Washington an Sunderland West an Houghton an Sunderland South are the ither new constituencies, awtho thare haes been criticism that [[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] daes no share the same cultural an historical links that [[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]] an [[Houghton-le-Spring]] dae, which wis reflected in the auld Houghton an Washington East constituency. The smaw pairt o the Gateshead East an Washington West constituency that lees athin the [[City of Sunderland]] will be includit in the Sunderland North an Washington constituency.

At the level o [[local govrenment]], three o the region's five [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]] wur controlled bi Labour in 2005, the exceptions bein Newcastle City Council an North Tyneside Council. Syne an upset result in the [[UK local election, 2004|local elections o 2004]], the umwhile haes been controlled bi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]]. Nae ane pairty haes oweraw control o North Tyneside Council: while the Conservatives hauld the greatest nummer o seats, 28, thay lack an oweraw majority, thare are 32 ither cooncillors.  North Tyneside is the anerlie authority in the aurie wi a directly electit Mayor.  Currently a Conservative member.

== Settlements ==
''For a complete leet o aw veelages, touns an ceeties see the [[leet o places in Tyne an Wear]].''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Burgh/Ceety
! Locality
! Authority
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead'''''
|[[Low Fell]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Blaydon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sheriff Hill]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gateshead]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rowlands Gill]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ryton, Tyne an Wear|Ryton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Whickham]]
| [http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/ Gateshead Metropolitian Borough Council]
|-
| '''''City of Newcastle upon Tyne'''''
|[[Byker]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gosforth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[North Kenton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Blakelaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Fenham]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Elswick, Tyne an Wear|Elswick]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Walbottle]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Westerhope]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jesmond]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[West Moor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Heaton, Newcastle|Heaton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Throckley]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Walker]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ Newcastle upon Tyne City Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208200135/http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/ |date=2011-02-08 }}
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside'''''
|[[Backworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
Benton
[[Cullercoats]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Earsdon]]&lt;br /&gt;
Forest Hall
[[Killingworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Longbenton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Monkseaton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[North Shields]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Preston, Tynemouth|Preston]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tynemouth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wallsend]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Whitley Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wideopen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/ North Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923012827/https://northtyneside.gov.uk/ |date=2020-09-23 }}
|-
| '''''Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside'''''
|[[Boldon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cleadon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hebburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jarrow]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[South Shields]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Whitburn, Tyne and Wear|Whitburn]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/ South Tyneside Metropolitian Borough Council]
|-
| '''''City of Sunderland'''''
|[[Castletown, Tyne an Wear|Castletown]]
[[Fulwell, Sunderland|Fulwell]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hendon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Herrington]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hetton-le-Hole]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Houghton-le-Spring]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hylton Red House]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Newbottle, Tyne an Wear|Newbottle]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Penshaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rainton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ryhope]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Seaburn]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Silksworth]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shiney Row]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[South Hylton]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Southwick, Sunderland|Southwick]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Springwell veelage|Springwell Village]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Sunderland, Tyne an Wear|Sunderland]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Washington, Tyne an Wear|Washington]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Warden Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ashbrooke
Tunstall
| [http://www.sunderland.gov.uk/ Sunderland City Council]
|}

== Places o interest ==
*Gateshead
**[[Angel of the North]]
**[[Beamish Museum]], which crosses the Gateshead/Chester-le-Street boindary
**[[BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art]]
**[[Gateshead International Stadium]]
**[[Gateshead Millennium Bridge]]
**[[Gibside]]
**[[MetroCentre (shoppin centre)|MetroCentre]]
**[[Saltwell Park]]
**[[Tanfield Railway]], Sunniside (crosses boondary intae Derwentside)
**[[The Sage Gateshead]]
*Newcastle upon Tyne
**[[Discovery Museum]] (previously Museum of Science &amp; Engineering)
**[[Hadrian's Wall]]
**[[Hancock Museum]]
**[[Jesmond Dene]] [[public pairk]]
**[[Newcastle Castle Keep]]
**[[Sports Direct Arena]]
**[[Leazes Park]]
**[[Centre for Life]]
**[[Town Moor, Newcastle upon Tyne|Town Moor]]
**[[Tyneside cinema]]
**[[Newcastle Chinatown]]
**[[Quayside]]
**[[Metro Radio Arena]]
**[[Laing Art Gallery]]
**[[Theatre Royal, Newcastle|Theatre Royal]]
**[[Northumberland Street]]
**[[Grey Street, Newcastle|Grey Street]]
**[[Grey's Monument]]
**[[The Biscuit Factory]]
**[[Tyne Bridge]]
*North Tyneside
**[[Segedunum]] [[castra|Roman Fort]] &amp; Museum, Wallsend
**[[St Mary's Island, Tyne an Wear|St Mary's Island]] [[bird]] reserve
**[[Tynemouth Castle]]
*South Tyneside
**[[Arbeia]] Roman Fort &amp; Museum, South Shields
**[[Marsden Rock]] [[bird]] reserve
**[[Souter Point Lighthouse]]
**[[Bede's World]], Jarrow
*Sunderland
**[[Museum and Winter Gardens|The Museum and Winter Gardens]]
**[[Mowbray Park]]
**[[National Glass Centre|The National Glass]]
**[[Hylton Castle]]
**[[Penshaw Monument]]
**[[St. Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth|St. Peter's Church]]
**[[Stadium of Light]]
**[[Empire Theatre, Sunderland|The Empire Theatre]]
**[http://www.ngca.co.uk/ Northern Gallery for Contemporary Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211190113/http://www.ngca.co.uk/ |date=2016-02-11 }}

==See an aw==
{{Portal|North East England}}


==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Tyne and Wear}}
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Tyne_and_Wear}}

{{Tyne an Wear}}
{{T&amp;W places}}
{{NE Ingland}}
{{Ingland coonties}}
{{Metropolitan coonties an metropolitan destricts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyne An Wear}}
&lt;!--Categories--&gt;
[[Category:Tyne an Wear| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan coonties]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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    <title>Kansas</title>
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      <text bytes="5610" sha1="syu4x2umzxrh9zjywwaf4tw4x2shz5h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state
| Name            = Kansas
| Fullname        = State of Kansas
| Flag            = Flag of Kansas.svg
| Flaglink        = [[Flag of Kansas|Flag]]
| Seal            =Seal_of_Kansas.svg
| Map             = Kansas in United States.svg
| BorderingStates = [[Nebraska]], [[Missouri]], &lt;br /&gt; [[Oklahoma]], [[Colorado]]
| OfficialLang    = Inglis&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.us-english.org/inc/news/preleases/viewRelease.asp?ID=252| title=Governor’s Signature Makes English the Official Language of Kansas| publisher=Us-english.org| date=2007-05-11| accessdate=2008-08-06| archive-date=2007-07-10| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710015939/http://www.us-english.org/inc/news/preleases/viewRelease.asp?ID=252| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Nickname        = The Sunflower State (offeecial); &lt;br /&gt; The Wheat State
| Former          = Kansas Territory
| Demonym         = Kansan
| Motto           = [[Ad astra per aspera]]
| Capital         = [[Topeka]]
| LargestCity     = [[Wichita]]
| LargestMetro    = [[Kansas City Metropolitan Aurie|Kansas portion o Kansas City, MO-KS Metro Aurie]]
| Governor        = [[Laura Kelly]] (D)|
| Lieutenant Governor = |
| Legislature     = [[Kansas Legislature]]
| Upperhouse      = [[Kansas Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse      = [[Kansas Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]]
| Senators        = [[Pat Roberts]] (R) &lt;br /&gt; [[Jerry Moran]] (R)
| Representative  = [[Tim Huelskamp]] (R) &lt;br /&gt; [[Lynn Jenkins]] (R) &lt;br /&gt; [[Kevin Yoder]] (R) &lt;br /&gt; [[Mike Pompeo]] (R)
| PostalAbbreviation = KS
| AreaRank        = 15t
| TotalAreaUS     = 82,277
| TotalArea       = 213,096
| LandAreaUS      = 81,815
| LandArea        = 211,901
| WaterAreaUS     = 462
| WaterArea       = 1,196
| PCWater         = 0.56
| PopRank         = 33rd
| 2010Pop         = 2,871,238 (2011 est)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20000.html|title=State and Country QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|year=2012|accessdate=May 14, 2013|archive-date=2012-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503221822/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20000.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| DensityRank     = 40t
| 2000DensityUS   = 35.1
| 2000Density     = 13.5
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $50,177
| IncomeRank      = 25t
| AdmittanceOrder = 34t
| AdmittanceDate  = 29 Januar 1861
| TimeZone        = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]][[Central Standard Time|-6]]/[[Central Daylight Time|-5]]
| TZ1Where        = most of state
| TimeZone2       = [[Muntain Time Zone|Muntain]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]][[Muntain Staundart Time|-7]]/[[Muntain Daylicht Time|-6]]
| TZ2Where        = 4 wastren coonties
| Latitude        = [[37t parallel north|37° N]] tae [[40t parallel north|40° N]]
| Longitude       = 94° 35′ W tae 102° 3′ W
| WidthUS         = 417|
| Width           = 645
| LengthUS        = 211
| Length          = 340
| HighestPoint = [[Mount Sunflower]]&lt;ref name=USGS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 21, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88&gt;Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| HighestElevUS   = 4,041
| HighestElev     = 1232
| MeanElevUS      = 2,000
| MeanElev        = 610
| LowestPoint     = [[Verdigris River]] at {{nobreak|[[Oklahoma]] border}}&lt;ref name=USGS/&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88/&gt;
| LowestElevUS    = 679
| LowestElev      = 207
| ISOCode         = US-KS
| Website         = www.kansas.gov
}}
'''Kansas''' ({{IPA|/ˈkanzəs/}}) is a [[U.S. state]] locate in the [[Midwastren Unitit States]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; It is namit efter the [[Kansas River]] whilk rins through it, whilk in turn is namit efter the [[Kaw fowk|Kansa]] Natif American tribe, whilk indwellt the aurie.&lt;ref&gt;John Koontz, p.c.&lt;/ref&gt; The tribe's naim (natively ''kką:ze'') is aften said tae mean &quot;fowk o the wind&quot; or &quot;fowk o the sooth wind,&quot; though this wis likely no the term's oreeginal meanin.&lt;ref&gt;Rankin, Robert. 2005. &quot;Quapaw.&quot; In ''Native Languages of the Southeastern United States'', eds. Heather K. Hardy and Janine Scancarelli. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pg. 492&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Connelley, William E. 1918. ''[http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v1/ch10p1.html Indians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211043240/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v1/ch10p1.html |date=2007-02-11 }}''. A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans, ch. 10, vol. 1&lt;/ref&gt; Residents o Kansas are cried &quot;Kansans.&quot;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Relatit information ==
{{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}}

{{Geographic location
 | Northwest = {{flag|Wyoming}}
 | North = {{flag|Nebraska}}
 | Northeast = {{flag|Iowa}}
 | West = {{flag|Colorado}}
 | Centre = '' Kansas'': Outline • [Index
 | East = {{flag|Missouri}}
 | Southwest = {{flag|New Mexico}}  •  {{flag|Texas}}
 | South = {{flag|Oklahoma}}
 | Southeast = {{flag|Arkansas}}
}}
{{Succession
| preceded = [[Oregon]]
| office = [[Leet o U.S. states bi date o statehuid]]
| years = Admittit on 29 Januar 1861 (34th)
| succeeded = [[West Virginia]]
}}
{{Stub/USA}}

[[Category:Kansas| ]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1861]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wast Virginie</title>
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      <text bytes="4963" sha1="8585hncinszmim2iscmdivjn4lk8zia" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state
| Name = Wast Virginie
| Fullname = State o Wast Virginie
| Flag = Flag of West Virginia.svg
| Flaglink = [[Banner o West Virginia|Flag]]
| Seal = Seal of West Virginia.svg
| Map = West Virginia in United States.svg
| Nickname = Moontain State
| Motto = [[Montani semper liberi]] (Mountaineers Are Always Free)
| Former = Virginia
| Capital = [[Charleston, West Virginia|Charleston]]
| LargestCity = caipital
| LargestMetro = [[Charleston WV metropolitan aurie|Charleston metro aurie]]
| Governor = [[Earl Ray Tomblin]] (D)
| Lieutenant Governor = [[Jeff Kessler]] (D)
| Legislature = [[West Virginia Legislature]]
| Upperhouse = Senate
| Lowerhouse = Hoose o Delegates
| Senators = [[Jay Rockefeller]] (D) &lt;br /&gt; [[Joe Manchin]] (D)
|Representative=1: [[David McKinley]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;2: [[Shelley Moore Capito]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;3: [[Nick Rahall]] (D)
| PostalAbbreviation = WV
| OfficialLang = nane (de facto Inglis)
| Demonym = [[Leet o U.S. state residents names|West Virginian]]
|AreaRank        = 41st
|TotalAreaUS     = 24,230
|TotalArea       = 62,755
|LandAreaUS      = 24,078
|LandArea        = 62,361
|WaterAreaUS     = 152
|WaterArea       = 394
|PCWater         = 0.6
|PopRank         = 38t
|2010Pop         = 1,850,326 (2014 est)&lt;ref name=&quot;PopEstUS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2014/tables/NST-EST2014-01.csv|format=CSV|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|date=December 29, 2014|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| DensityRank = 29t
| 2000DensityUS = 77.1
| 2000Density = 29.8
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $38,029
|  IncomeRank = 48t
| AdmittanceOrder = 35t
| AdmittanceDate = 20 Juin 1863
| TimeZone = [[Eastren Time Zone (North Americae)|Eastren]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]][[Eastren Time Zone|-5]]/[[Eastren Daylicht Time|-4]]
| Latitude = 37° 12′ N tae 40° 39′ N
| Longitude = 77° 43′ W tae 82° 39′ W
| WidthUS =  130
| Width = 210
| LengthUS = 240
| Length = 385
| HighestPoint = [[Spruce Knob]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite ngs|id=HW3570|designation=Spruce Knob Cairn 1956|accessdate=October 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=USGS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 24, 2011|archive-date=2012-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022527/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88&gt;Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| HighestElevUS = 4,862
| HighestElev = 1482
| MeanElevUS =  1,500
| MeanElev = 460
| LowestPoint = [[Potomac River]] at {{nobreak|[[Virginia]] border}}&lt;ref name=USGS/&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88/&gt;
| LowestElevUS = 240
| LowestElev = 73
| ISOCode = US-WV
| Website = wv.gov
}}
'''Wast Virginie''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-West Virginia.ogg|ˌ|w|ɛ|s|t|_|v|ər|ˈ|dʒ|ɪ|n|j|ə}}, {{lang-en|West Virginia}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Appalachie]] region o the [[Soothren Unitit States|Soothren]] [[Unitit States]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geography.vt.edu/sedaag/ Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101170046/http://www.geography.vt.edu/sedaag/ |date=2015-01-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Charles Reagan Wilson and William Ferris, ''Encyclopedia of Southern Culture'', Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1990.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf U.S. Census Bureau]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Thomas R. Ford and Rupert Bayless Vance, ''The Southern Appalachian Region, A Survey'', Univ. of Kentucky Press, 1962&lt;/ref&gt; It is bordered bi [[Virginia]] tae the sootheast, [[Kentucky]] tae the soothwast, [[Ohio]] tae the northwast, [[Pennsylvania]] tae the northeast an [[Maryland]] tae the east. Wast Virginie is the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi aurie|41st maist extensive]] an the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|37t maist populous]] o the [[50 Unitit States]]. The caipital an lairgest ceety is [[Charleston, West Virginia|Charleston]].

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Relatit information ==
{{West Virginia|expanded}}
{{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}}

{{Geographic location
 | Northwest = {{flag|Ohio}}
 | North = 
 | Northeast = {{flag|Pennsylvania}}
 | West = 
 | Centre = ''West Virginia'': Outline • Index
 | East = {{flag|Maryland}}
 | Southwest = {{flag|Kentucky}}
 | South = 
 | Southeast = {{flag|Virginia}}
}}

{{succession
| preceded = [[Kansas]]
| office = [[Leet o U.S. states bi date o statehuid]]
| years = Admittit on 20 Juin 1863 (35t)
| succeeded = [[Nevada]]
}}
{{Stub/USA}}

[[Category:Wast Virginie| ]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1863]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:States o the Soothren Unitit States]]</text>
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    <title>Kavajë Destrict</title>
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      <text bytes="3883" sha1="jijgmieos0lvn91p06yv22z71ywbfbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Destrict o Kavajë
| native_name             = Rrethi i Kavajës
| native_name_lang        = sq
| settlement_type         = [[Destricts o Albanie|Destrict]]
| image_skyline           =
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           =
| image_flag              =
| flag_alt                =
| image_seal              =
| seal_alt                =
| image_shield            =
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Kavajë District.svg
| mapsize                 =
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Map showin Kavajë athin Albanie
| pushpin_map             =
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Albanie}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Coonties o Albanie|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Tirana Coonty]]
| subdivision_type2       =
| subdivision_name2       =
| subdivision_type3       =
| subdivision_name3       =
| established_title       =
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| seat                    = [[Kavajë]]
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            =
| leader_title            =
| leader_name             =
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 414
| area_land_km2           =
| area_water_km2          =
| area_water_percent      =
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;INSTAT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t4%20.xls|title=POPULLSIA SIPAS PREFEKTURAVE, 2001–2010|publisher=Albanian Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2010-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724162916/http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t4%20.xls|archivedate=2011-07-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 82,921
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_note         =
| timezone1               =
| utc_offset1             =
| timezone1_DST           =
| utc_offset1_DST         =
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
| iso_code                =
| website                 = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
| footnotes               =
}}

The '''Destrict o Kavajë''' ({{Lang-sq|Rrethi i Kavajës}}) is ane o the thirty-sax [[destricts o Albanie]], pairt o [[Tirana Coonty]]. It haes a population o 82,921&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t2.xls|title=POPULLSIA SIPAS RRETHEVE, 2001-2010|publisher=Albanian Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2010-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163134/http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t2.xls|archivedate=2011-07-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2010 estimate), an an aurie o 414&amp;nbsp;km². It is in the wast o the kintra, an its caipital is [[Kavajë]]. The destrict consists o the follaein municipalities:
*[[Golem, Kavajë|Golem]]
*[[Gosë]]
*[[Helmës]]
*[[Kavajë]]
*[[Kryevidh]]
*[[Lekaj]]
*[[Luz i Vogël]]
*[[Rrogozhinë]]
*[[Sinaballaj]]
*[[Synej]]

==See an aw==
* Political Academy of the Socialist Party of Albania

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Albanie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kavaje Destrict}}
[[Category:Destricts o Albanie]]
[[Category:Tirana Coonty]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921744</id>
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      <text bytes="2354" sha1="ccupi0ib8s3r0c06092le422nz7s8gi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Destrict o Kavajë
| native_name             = Rrethi i Kavajës
| native_name_lang        = sq
| settlement_type         = [[Destricts o Albanie|Destrict]]
| image_map               = Kavajë District.svg
| map_caption             = Map showin Kavajë athin Albanie
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Albanie}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Coonties o Albanie|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Tirana Coonty]]
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| seat                    = [[Kavajë]]
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2          = 414
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;INSTAT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t4%20.xls|title=POPULLSIA SIPAS PREFEKTURAVE, 2001–2010|publisher=Albanian Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2010-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724162916/http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t4%20.xls|archivedate=2011-07-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 82,921
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_km2  = auto
}}

The '''Destrict o Kavajë''' ({{Lang-sq|Rrethi i Kavajës}}) is ane o the thirty-sax [[destricts o Albanie]], pairt o [[Tirana Coonty]]. It haes a population o 82,921&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t2.xls|title=POPULLSIA SIPAS RRETHEVE, 2001-2010|publisher=Albanian Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2010-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163134/http://www.instat.gov.al/graphics/doc/tabelat/Treguesit%20Sociale/Popullsia/POP%202009/t2.xls|archivedate=2011-07-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2010 estimate), an an aurie o 414&amp;nbsp;km². It is in the wast o the kintra, an its caipital is [[Kavajë]]. The destrict consists o the follaein municipalities:
*[[Golem, Kavajë|Golem]]
*[[Gosë]]
*[[Helmës]]
*[[Kavajë]]
*[[Kryevidh]]
*[[Lekaj]]
*[[Luz i Vogël]]
*[[Rrogozhinë]]
*[[Sinaballaj]]
*[[Synej]]

==See an aw==
* Political Academy of the Socialist Party of Albania

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Albanie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kavaje Destrict}}
[[Category:Destricts o Albanie]]
[[Category:Tirana Coonty]]</text>
      <sha1>ccupi0ib8s3r0c06092le422nz7s8gi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Novak Djokovic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>37567</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921531</id>
      <parentid>898255</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:26:01Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="13638" sha1="c93j8gti02phnfp3trla159ilpar90h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tennis biography &lt;!-- PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO PLACE THE RELATED DATE IN THE &quot;UPDATED&quot; PARAMETER BELOW AFTER EACH UPDATE, THANKS --&gt;
|name = Novak Đoković&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Новак Ђоковић&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|fullname = Novak Đoković
|image= Novak Djokovic Hopman Cup 2011 (cropped).jpg
|caption = Djokovic at the [[2011 Hopman Cup]]
|country = {{flagicon|Serbia}} Serbie
|nickname = ''Nole''&lt;br /&gt;''Joker''&lt;br /&gt;''Serbinator''
|residence = [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|5|22}}
|birth_place = [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]]
|height = 1.88 m (6&amp;nbsp;ft 1&amp;nbsp;in)
|weight = {{convert|80|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro = 2003
|plays = Right-handit (twa-handit backhand)
|careerprizemoney = [[US$|$]]154,756,726&lt;ref name=&quot;career-prize-money-leaders&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ATP Prize Money Leaders|url=http://www.protennislive.com/posting/ramr/career_prize.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=756|lost=155|details=in [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] an [[ATP World Tour]] main draw matches, an in [[Davis Cup]]|small=yes}}
|singlestitles = 86
|currentsinglesranking = No. '''1''' (3 Februar 2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx |title=ATP World Tour – Singles Rankings |accessdate=15 May 2013 |work=ATP Tour }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|highestsinglesranking = No. '''1''' (4 Julie 2011)
|AustralianOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2009 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2009]], [[2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2011]], [[2012 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2012]], [[2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2013]], [[2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2015]], [[2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2016]], [[2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2019]], [[2020 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2020]], [[2021 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2021]])
|FrenchOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2016 French Open – Men's Singles|2016]], [[2021 French Open – Men's Singles|2021]])
|Wimbledonresult = '''W''' ([[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2011]], [[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2014]], [[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2015]], [[2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2018]], [[2019 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2019]], [[2021 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2021]], [[2022 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2022]])
|USOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2011 US Open – Men's Singles|2011]], [[2015 US Open – Men's Singles|2015]], [[2018 US Open – Men's Singles|2018]])
|Othertournaments = Yes
|MastersCupresult = '''W''' ([[2008 Tennis Masters Cup – Singles|2008]], [[2012 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2012]], [[2013 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2013]], [[2014 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2014]], [[2015 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2015]])
|Olympicsresult = [[File:Bronze medal.svg|20px]] '''Bronze medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|2008]])
|doublesrecord = 33-48
|doublestitles = 1
|currentdoublesranking = 
|highestdoublesranking = No. 114 (30 November 2009)
|grandslamsdoublesresults = yes
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2006]], [[2007 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2007]])
|WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles|2006]])
|USOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 US Open – Men's Doubles|2006]])
|updated = 19 December 2021
}}

{{MedalTop}}
{{MedalCountry|{{SRB}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's Tennis}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2008 Simmer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|Singles}}
{{MedalBottom}}

'''Novak''' &quot;'''Nole'''&quot; '''Đoković''' ([[Serbie leid|Serbie]]: ''Новак Ђоковић'' or ''Novak Đoković'', born 22 Mey 1987) is a [[Serbie]] professional tennis player an current Warld No. 1. Lood athort the warld, he is sae namely for his pleyin nor monie deykens regaird him as the wale o aa [[hard court]] players in historie.&lt;ref name=&quot;metro.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = Novak Djokovic is one of the greatest tennis players ever, says Pat Cash|url = http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/879710-novak-djokovic-is-one-of-the-greatest-tennis-players-ever-says-pat-cash|accessdate = 11 September 2012|archive-date = 2013-06-21|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6HWykyLN8?url=http://metro.co.uk/2011/10/25/novak-djokovic-is-one-of-the-greatest-tennis-players-ever-says-pat-cash-195296/|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = Novak Djokovic v Rafael Nadal: Players &amp; pundits hail 'greatest' match|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/16781690|accessdate =11 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = Murray buoyed by Djokovic scalp|url = http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/139046.html|accessdate = 11 September 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;heraldsun.com.au&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title = Rod Laver's 10 best past and present players |url = http://www.heraldsun.com.au/archives/old-sport-pages/gallery-fn77kxzt-1226250654969?page=17 |accessdate = 11 September 2012 |archive-date = 2020-08-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030604/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/archives/old-sport-pages/gallery-fn77kxzt-1226250654969?page=17 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;standard.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = Tim Henman knows Andy Murray won’t worry over critics |url = http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/wimbledon/tim-henman-knows-andy-murray-wont-worry-over-critics-7876173.html|accessdate =11 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Major finals ==
=== Grand Slam finals ===
==== Singles: 12 (12 titles, 8 runner-ups) ====
{|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
!style=&quot;width:60px&quot;|Ootcome
!style=&quot;width:30px&quot;|Year
!style=&quot;width:120px&quot;|Championship
!style=&quot;width:25px&quot;|Surface
!style=&quot;width:150px&quot;|Opponent
! style=&quot;width:270px;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Score
|- style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2007 US Open – Men's Singles|2007]]||[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]||Hard||{{flagicon|SWI}} [[Roger Federer]]||6–7&lt;sup&gt;(4–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–7&lt;sup&gt;(2–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, 4–6
|- style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2008 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2008]]||[[Australian Open]]||Hard||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]]||4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–2)&lt;/sup&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2010 US Open – Men's Singles|2010]]||US Open &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rafael Nadal]]||4–6, 7–5, 4–6, 2–6
|- style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2011]]||Australian Open &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Andy Murray]]||6–4, 6–2, 6–3
|- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2011]]||[[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]]||Grass||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3
|- style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2011 US Open – Men's Singles|2011]]||US Open||Hard||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||6–2, 6–4, 6–7&lt;sup&gt;(3–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–1
|- style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2012 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2012]]||Australian Open &lt;small&gt;(3)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||[[2012 Australian Open – Men's Singles final|5–7, 6–4, 6–2, 6–7&lt;sup&gt;(5–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, 7–5]]
|- style=&quot;background:#ebc2af;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2012 French Open – Men's Singles|2012]]||[[French Open]]||Clay||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||[[2012 French Open – Men's Singles final|4–6, 3–6, 6–2, 5–7]]
|- style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|2012]]||US Open &lt;small&gt;(3)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray||[[2012 US Open – Men's Singles final|6–7&lt;sup&gt;(10–12)&lt;/sup&gt;, 5–7, 6–2, 6–3, 2–6]]
|- style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2013]]||Australian Open &lt;small&gt;(4)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray||6–7&lt;sup&gt;(2–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–3)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–3, 6–2
|- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2013]]||Wimbledon||Grass||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray||[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|4–6, 5–7, 4–6]]
|- style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2013 US Open – Men's Singles|2013]]||US Open &lt;small&gt;(4)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||2–6, 6–3, 4–6, 1–6
|-bgcolor=ebc2af
|style=&quot;background:#ffa07a;&quot;|Runner-up||[[2014 French Open – Men's Singles|2014]]||French Open &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;||Clay||{{flagicon|ESP}} Rafael Nadal||6–3, 5–7, 2–6, 4–6
|- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2014]]||Wimbledon &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;||Grass||{{flagicon|SWI|}} Roger Federer||[[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|6–7&lt;sup&gt;(7–9)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–4, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–4)&lt;/sup&gt;, 5–7, 6–4]]
|- style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2015]]||Australian Open &lt;small&gt;(5)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray||7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–5)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–7&lt;sup&gt;(4–7)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–3, 6–0
|- style=&quot;background:#ebc2af;&quot;
|bgcolor= FFA07A|Runner-up||[[2015 French Open – Men's Singles|2015]]||French Open &lt;small&gt;(3)&lt;/small&gt;||Clay||{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka]]  || 6–4, 4–6, 3–6, 4–6
|- style=&quot;background:#cfc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2015]]||Wimbledon &lt;small&gt;(3)&lt;/small&gt;||Grass||{{flagicon|SWI|}} Roger Federer||[[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–1)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–7&lt;sup&gt;(10–12)&lt;/sup&gt;, 6–4, 6–3]]
|- style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2015 US Open – Men's Singles|2015]]||US Open &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|SWI|}} Roger Federer|| 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4
|- style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2016]]||Australian Open &lt;small&gt;(6)&lt;/small&gt;||Hard||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray|| 6–1, 7–5, 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(7–3)&lt;/sup&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:#ebc2af;&quot;
|style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|Winner||[[2016 French Open – Men's Singles|2016]]||French Open||Clay||{{flagicon|GBR}} Andy Murray||3-6, 6-1, 6-2, 6-4
|}

=== Year-End Championships feenals ===
==== Singles: 3 (3 teetles, 0 runner-up) ====
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|width=&quot;100&quot;|'''Ootcome'''
|width=&quot;50&quot;|'''Year'''
|width=&quot;200&quot;|'''Location'''
|width=&quot;200&quot;|'''Opponent in the feenal'''
|width=&quot;200&quot;|'''Score in the feenal'''
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;98FB98&quot;|Winner || 2008 || [[Shanghai]] ||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Nikolay Davydenko]] || 6–1, 7–5
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;98FB98&quot;|Winner || 2012 || [[Lunnon]] ||{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Roger Federer]] || 7–6&lt;sup&gt;(8–6)&lt;/sup&gt;, 7–5
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;98FB98&quot;|Winner || 2013 || [[Lunnon]] ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rafael Nadal]] || 6–3, 6–4
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.novakdjokovic.rs/index.php?jezik=2 Offeecial steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414073432/http://www.novakdjokovic.rs/index.php?jezik=2 |date=2012-04-14 }}
* {{ATP|D643}}
* {{ITF male profile|100004087}}
* {{DavisCup player|100004087}}
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/djokovic/ Novak Djokovic at Flickr]
* [http://official-novakdjokovic.tumblr.com// Novak Djokovic at Tumblr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730134516/http://official-novakdjokovic.tumblr.com/ |date=2012-07-30 }}

{{navboxes|title=Novak Djokovic in [[grand slam (tennis)|Grand Slam Tournaments]]
|list1=
{{Australian Open men's singles champions}}
{{French Open men's singles champions}}
{{Wimbledon men's singles champions}}
{{US Open men's singles champions}}
{{Tennis men grand slam three and over}}
{{Men's tennis players who won two or more Grand Slam singles titles in one calendar year}}
}}
{{navboxes|title=Novak Djokovic's [[Novak Djokovic career statistics|Achievements]]
|list1=
{{Tennis Warld ATP Nummer Anes (men)}}
{{Year-End Championships winners}}
{{ATP Masters Series tournament winners}}
{{Top ten tennis players|atpsingles=y}}
{{Top ten European male tennis players}}
{{Top Serbian Male Tennis Players}}
{{Top ten Serbian male doubles tennis players}}
{{Awards of Olympic Committee of Serbia}}
{{Laureus World Sportsman of the Year}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Djokovic, Novak}}
[[Category:Novak Djokovic| ]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o St. Sava]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles]]
[[Category:Hopman Cup competitors]]
[[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Serbie]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players o Serbie]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Monte Carlo]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Karađorđe's Starn]]
[[Category:Serbie an Montenegro male tennis players]]
[[Category:Serbie expatriates in Monaco]]
[[Category:Serbie male tennis players]]
[[Category:Serbie Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Sportsfowk frae Belgrade]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Wimbledon champions]]
[[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]</text>
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    <title>Kafr Batna</title>
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      <text bytes="5451" sha1="7qtbbjie960q6bbxsp3einir60jekdy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Kafr Batna
|other_name             = Kfar Batna
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;كفر بطنا&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        = Toun
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              =
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            =
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Syria&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize        =250
|pushpin_map_caption    =
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Markaz Rif Dimashq]]
|subdivision_type3      =[[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      =Kafr Batna
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  Settled
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                =Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           =
|area_land_km2            =
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 22,535
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        = Ethnicities
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        = Releegions
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               =  [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset             =  +3
|timezone_DST           =  [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST         =  +2
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|30|N|36|22|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Kafr Batna''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;كفر بطنا&lt;/big&gt;}}, an aw spelled '''Kfar Batna''' an '''Kafar Batna''') is a toun in the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]] in soothren [[Sirie]] an a suburb o [[Damascus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Burns15&quot;&gt;Burns, pp.14-15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;Siddique, Haroon. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/29/syrian-troops-battle-damascus-suburbs Syrian troops battle tae retak Damascus suburbs]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 2012-02-29. Retrieved on 2012-02-19.&lt;/ref&gt; It is approximately {{convert|4|km|mi|sp=us}} east o the [[Bab Sharqi]] neehbourheid.&lt;ref&gt;Oriental Ceramic Society, p.24.&lt;/ref&gt; Kafr Batna haed a population o 22,535 in 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-5-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213151931/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-5-2004.htm |date=2019-12-13 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Governorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|markaz}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Markaz Rif Dimashq]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2328" sha1="1j5ub511af0kq4713jm1gbxzybzq0sm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Kafr Batna
|other_name             = Kfar Batna
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;كفر بطنا&lt;/big&gt;
|settlement_type        = Toun
|pushpin_map            = Syria
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize        = 250
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Markaz Rif Dimashq]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Kafr Batna
|established_title      =  Settled
|unit_pref                = Metric 
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_total               = 22,535
|population_blank1_title        = Ethnicities
|population_blank2_title        = Releegions
|timezone               =  [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset             =  +3
|timezone_DST           =  [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST         =  +2
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|30|N|36|22|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
}}

'''Kafr Batna''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;كفر بطنا&lt;/big&gt;}}, an aw spelled '''Kfar Batna''' an '''Kafar Batna''') is a toun in the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]] in soothren [[Sirie]] an a suburb o [[Damascus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Burns15&quot;&gt;Burns, pp.14-15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;Siddique, Haroon. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/29/syrian-troops-battle-damascus-suburbs Syrian troops battle tae retak Damascus suburbs]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 2012-02-29. Retrieved on 2012-02-19.&lt;/ref&gt; It is approximately {{convert|4|km|mi|sp=us}} east o the [[Bab Sharqi]] neehbourheid.&lt;ref&gt;Oriental Ceramic Society, p.24.&lt;/ref&gt; Kafr Batna haed a population o 22,535 in 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-5-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213151931/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-5-2004.htm |date=2019-12-13 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Governorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|markaz}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Markaz Rif Dimashq]]</text>
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    <title>Babbila</title>
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      <text bytes="3305" sha1="b7f23lh1y06wxzi1c6g5gvyko4rice2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Babbila
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;ببيلا&lt;/big&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|pushpin_map            =Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        =250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Markaz Rif Dimashq]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Babbila
|settlement_type        = Town&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref              = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2             =
|area_land_km2              =
|area_water_km2             =
|area_total_sq_mi        =
|area_land_sq_mi         =
|area_water_sq_mi        =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2             =
|area_urban_sq_mi        =
|area_metro_km2             =
|area_metro_sq_mi        =
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 50,880
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|28|22|N|36|20|4|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m              = 
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Babbila''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;ببيلا&lt;/big&gt;}}, an aw spelt '''Bebbila''') is a toun in soothren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]], locatit on the soothren ootskirts o [[Damascus]] tae the wast o the [[Yarmouk Camp]]. Nearbi localities include [[al-Hajar al-Aswad]], [[Jaramana]], [[Sayyidah Zaynab]], [[al-Sabinah]] an [[Yalda, Sirie|Yalda]]. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Babbila haed a population o 50,880 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-2-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215091036/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-2-2004.htm |date=2019-12-15 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics](CBS). Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; The toun is the admeenistrative centre o the Babbila ''[[nahiyah]]'' an aw consistin o 13 touns an veelages wi a combined population o 341625.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|markaz}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Markaz Rif Dimashq]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2116" sha1="69xawwkv8lmml9yyzucg5tvt7kjbjn3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Babbila
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;ببيلا&lt;/big&gt;
|pushpin_map            = Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        = 250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Markaz Rif Dimashq]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Babbila
|settlement_type        = Town
|unit_pref              = Metric 
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_total       = 50,880
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|28|22|N|36|20|4|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
}}
'''Babbila''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;ببيلا&lt;/big&gt;}}, an aw spelt '''Bebbila''') is a toun in soothren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]], locatit on the soothren ootskirts o [[Damascus]] tae the wast o the [[Yarmouk Camp]]. Nearbi localities include [[al-Hajar al-Aswad]], [[Jaramana]], [[Sayyidah Zaynab]], [[al-Sabinah]] an [[Yalda, Sirie|Yalda]]. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Babbila haed a population o 50,880 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-2-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215091036/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-2-2004.htm |date=2019-12-15 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics](CBS). Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; The toun is the admeenistrative centre o the Babbila ''[[nahiyah]]'' an aw consistin o 13 touns an veelages wi a combined population o 341625.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|markaz}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Markaz Rif Dimashq]]</text>
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    <title>Rostov Veliky</title>
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{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Rostov
|ru_name=Ростов
|image_skyline=Spaso-Jakovlevskij -1.JPG
|image_caption=Spasso-Yakovlevsky Monastery
|coordinates = {{coord|57|11|N|39|25|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Rostov (Yaroslavl oblast).png
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Rostov (Yaroslavl oblast).png
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Yaroslavl Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=
|adm_data_as_of=
|adm_city_jur=
|adm_city_jur_ref=
|adm_ctr_of=
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|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|inhabloc_type=
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|mun_data_as_of=
|mun_district_jur=
|mun_district_jur_ref=
|urban_settlement_jur=
|urban_settlement_jur_ref=
|mun_admctr_of=
|mun_admctr_of_ref=
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Yury Boyko
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Городское поселение Ростов|url=http://www.admrostov.ru/msu.php?doc=3|work=Местное самоуправление Ростовского муниципального района|accessdate=September 5, 2011|language=Russian|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327005204/http://www.admrostov.ru/msu.php?doc=3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|representative_body=
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=31792
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=862
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=
|current_cat_date_ref=
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=152150
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=48536
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://www.admrostov.ru/
|website_ref=
|commonscat=Rostov
|date=April 2010
}}
'''Rostov''' ({{lang-rus|Ростов|p=rɐˈstof}}; [[Old Norse]]: Rostofa) is a [[types o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Yaroslavl Oblast]], [[Roushie]], ane o the auldest in the kintra an a tourist centre o the [[Gowden Ring]]. It is locatit on the shores o [[Lake Nero]], {{convert|202|km|sp=us}} northeast o Moscow. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=31,792|p2002=34,141|p1989=35,707}}

While the offeecial name o the toun is Rostov, it is better kent tae Roushies as '''Rostov Veliky''', i. e. ''Rostov the Great.'' This name is uised tae distinguish it frae [[Rostov-on-Don]], which is nou a hintle lairger ceety. '''Rostov Yaroslavsky''' is the offeecial name o its railwey station (due tae its poseetion in Yaroslavl Oblast); the toun itsel is hardly iver cried bi that name.

==Twin touns==
*{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Jämsä]], Finland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ystävyyskaupungit|url=http://www.svkk.fi/tietoa_venajasta/venaja-verkosto_suomessa/ystavyyskaupungit|publisher=Suomalais-venäläinen kauppakamari|accessdate=May 7, 2012|language=Finnish|archive-date=2012-09-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919130549/http://www.svkk.fi/tietoa_venajasta/venaja-verkosto_suomessa/ystavyyskaupungit|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Rostov in films==
*''Peter I'' ({{lang-ru|Пётр Первый}}) (1937), bi Vladimir Petov
*''[[Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future]]'' ({{lang-ru|Иван Васильевич меняет профессию}}, Ivan Vasilievich Changes His Profession) (1973), bi [[Leonid Gaidai]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ceeties an touns in Yaroslavl Oblast}}
{{Gowden Ring}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Yaroslavl Oblast]]
[[Category:Historical ceeties an touns in Roushie]]
[[Category:Gowden Ring o Roushie]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2887" sha1="mg3ljl48fc7dar1lq4g6hzj7mb2rthv" xml:space="preserve">{{itheruises}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Rostov
|ru_name=Ростов
|image_skyline=Spaso-Jakovlevskij -1.JPG
|image_caption=Spasso-Yakovlevsky Monastery
|coordinates = {{coord|57|11|N|39|25|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Rostov (Yaroslavl oblast).png
|image_flag=Flag of Rostov (Yaroslavl oblast).png
|federal_subject=[[Yaroslavl Oblast]]
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_name=Yury Boyko
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Городское поселение Ростов|url=http://www.admrostov.ru/msu.php?doc=3|work=Местное самоуправление Ростовского муниципального района|accessdate=September 5, 2011|language=Russian|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327005204/http://www.admrostov.ru/msu.php?doc=3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_2010census=31792
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established_date=862
|postal_codes=152150
|dialing_codes=48536
|website=http://www.admrostov.ru/
|commonscat=Rostov
|date=April 2010
}}
'''Rostov''' ({{lang-rus|Ростов|p=rɐˈstof}}; [[Old Norse]]: Rostofa) is a [[types o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Yaroslavl Oblast]], [[Roushie]], ane o the auldest in the kintra an a tourist centre o the [[Gowden Ring]]. It is locatit on the shores o [[Lake Nero]], {{convert|202|km|sp=us}} northeast o Moscow. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=31,792|p2002=34,141|p1989=35,707}}

While the offeecial name o the toun is Rostov, it is better kent tae Roushies as '''Rostov Veliky''', i. e. ''Rostov the Great.'' This name is uised tae distinguish it frae [[Rostov-on-Don]], which is nou a hintle lairger ceety. '''Rostov Yaroslavsky''' is the offeecial name o its railwey station (due tae its poseetion in Yaroslavl Oblast); the toun itsel is hardly iver cried bi that name.

==Twin touns==
*{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Jämsä]], Finland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ystävyyskaupungit|url=http://www.svkk.fi/tietoa_venajasta/venaja-verkosto_suomessa/ystavyyskaupungit|publisher=Suomalais-venäläinen kauppakamari|accessdate=May 7, 2012|language=Finnish|archive-date=2012-09-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919130549/http://www.svkk.fi/tietoa_venajasta/venaja-verkosto_suomessa/ystavyyskaupungit|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Rostov in films==
*''Peter I'' ({{lang-ru|Пётр Первый}}) (1937), bi Vladimir Petov
*''[[Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future]]'' ({{lang-ru|Иван Васильевич меняет профессию}}, Ivan Vasilievich Changes His Profession) (1973), bi [[Leonid Gaidai]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ceeties an touns in Yaroslavl Oblast}}
{{Gowden Ring}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Yaroslavl Oblast]]
[[Category:Historical ceeties an touns in Roushie]]
[[Category:Gowden Ring o Roushie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Roger Federer</title>
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      <text bytes="7933" sha1="g7lxwl2tmvio4dpo0n3j6qa07tn2vlr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tennis biography &lt;!-- PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO PLACE THE RELATED DATE IN THE &quot;UPDATED&quot; PARAMETER BELOW AFTER EACH UPDATE, THANKS --&gt;
|name = Roger Federer
|fullname = Roger Federer
|image= Roger Federer (26 June 2009, Wimbledon) 2 new.jpg
|caption = Roger Federer in 2009
|country = {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Swisserland
|nickname = ''Fedex''&lt;br /&gt;''King Roger''
|residence = [[Volerau]], [[Swisserland]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|8|8}}
|birth_place = [[Basel]], [[Swisserland]]
|height = 1.85 m (6&amp;nbsp;ft 1&amp;nbsp;in)
|weight = {{convert|85|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro = 1998
|plays = Right-handit (one-handit backhand)
|careerprizemoney = [[US$|$]]130,594,339&lt;ref name=&quot;career-prize-money-leaders&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ATP Prize Money Leaders|url=http://www.protennislive.com/posting/ramr/career_prize.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=1251|lost=275}}
|singlestitles = 103
|currentsinglesranking = No. 16 (8 November 2021)
|highestsinglesranking = No. '''1''' (2 2 2004)
|AustralianOpenresult = '''W''' (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017, 2018)
|FrenchOpenresult = '''W''' (2009)
|Wimbledonresult = '''W''' (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,&lt;br&gt; 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017)
|USOpenresult = '''W''' (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
|Othertournaments = Yes
|MastersCupresult = '''W''' ([[2008 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2008]])
|Olympicsresult = [[File:Silver medal.svg|20px]] '''Silver medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|2012]])
|doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=131|lost=92}}
|doublestitles = 8
|currentdoublesranking = 
|highestdoublesranking = No. 24 (9 Juin 2003)
|grandslamsdoublesresults = yes
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2006]], [[2007 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2007]])
|WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles|2006]])
|USOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 US Open – Men's Doubles|2006]])
|OthertournamentsDoubles = Aye
|OlympicsDoublesresult = [[File:Gold medal.svg|20px]] '''Gold medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's Doubles|2008]])
|Team=yes
|DavisCupresult = '''W''' (2014)
|medaltemplates-expand       = yes
|medaltemplates              =
{{MedalCountry | {{SWI}} }}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Tennis at the Simmer Olympics|Tennis]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2008 Simmer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|[[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's doobles|Doobles]]}}
|updated = 8 November 2021
}}

'''Roger Federer''' ([[8 August]] 1981, [[Basel]]) is a [[Swisserland|Swiss]] professional tennis player an a World No. 1. He is widely regardit as ane o the greatest players o aw time in [[tennis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Federer the greatest ever - Lloyd |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8088191.stm |agency=BBC SPORT |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Wyatt |title=Sampras: Federer is the 'best ever' |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/06/08/federer.great.tennis.sampras/index.html |work=CNN
|pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Barnes |title=&quot;Roger Federer, greatest of all time, ensures statistics back up unrivalled artistry&quot; |date=6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/simon_barnes/article6451942.ece |work=The Times |pages= |accessdate=13 September 2012 |language= |archive-date=2020-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615062650/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Kamakshi |last=Tandon |title=Federer's numbers speak volumes |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french09/columns/story?columnist=tandon_kamakshi&amp;id=4240712 |agency=ESPN |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Evans |title=Jack the lad |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jun/24/tennis.wimbledon8 |agency=guardian |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=David |last=Waldstein |title=Emerson: French Open title stamps Federer as best ever |date=6. 6. 2009. |publisher=newjerseynewsroom |url=http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/professional/emerson-french-open-title-stamps-federer-as-the-best-ever |agency= |pages= |accessdate=13 September 2012 |language=english |archive-date=2009-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611082138/http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/professional/emerson-french-open-title-stamps-federer-as-the-best-ever |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Profile: Roger Federer - The greatest ever |date=6. 6. 2009. |publisher=CNN.com |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/07/04/roger.federer.profile.wimbledon/index.html |work=CNN |pages= |accessdate=13 September 2012 |language=english |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430102905/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/07/04/roger.federer.profile.wimbledon/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Is Roger Federer the greatest?  |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher=BBCsport |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8133532.stm |agency=BBC |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=McEnroe: Federer is best ever  |date = 2. 6. 2010. |publisher=espn |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4900220 |agency=espn |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
*[http://www.rogerfederer.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]
*[http://www.rogerfedererfoundation.org/en.html Roger Federer Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127091017/http://www.rogerfedererfoundation.org/en.html |date=2013-01-27 }}
*{{Facebook User|Federer|Roger Federer}}
*[http://www.grandslamhistory.com/index.php?menu=players&amp;act=GetPlayerByIDU&amp;id=94 Roger Federer – Grand Slam History]
*[http://scoreshelf.com/en/tennis/gdfb/Roger_Federer Sortable leet o Grand Slam opponents an stats]

===Profiles===
*{{ATP|F324}}
*{{ITF male profile|10019424}}
*{{DavisCup player|10019424}}
*{{IMDb name|1716574}}

{{Australian Open men's singles champions}}
{{French Open men's singles champions}}
{{Wimbledon men's singles champions}}
{{US Open Men's Singles champions}}
{{Tennis Warld ATP Nummer Anes (men)}}
{{Wimbledon boys' doubles champions}}
{{Tap ten tennis players|atpsingles=y}}
{{Tap ten European male tennis players}}
{{Tap Swiss Male Tennis Players}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Federer, Roger}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Hopman Cup competitors]]
[[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Swisserland]]
[[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Swisserland]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players o Swisserland]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Basel-Stadt]]
[[Category:Roger Federer|Roger Federer]]
[[Category:Swiss male tennis players]]
[[Category:Swiss fowk o Dutch strynd]]
[[Category:Swiss fowk o French strynd]]
[[Category:Swiss Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:UNICEF fowk]]
[[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Wimbledon champions]]
[[Category:Wimbledon junior champions]]
[[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]]
[[Category:French Open champions]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]</text>
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      <id>921761</id>
      <parentid>921636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:16:46Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7929" sha1="s5p0vzu02w9mv1xf3ypskat60bvucht" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tennis biography &lt;!-- PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO PLACE THE RELATED DATE IN THE &quot;UPDATED&quot; PARAMETER BELOW AFTER EACH UPDATE, THANKS --&gt;
|name = Roger Federer
|fullname = Roger Federer
|image= Roger Federer (26 June 2009, Wimbledon) 2 new.jpg
|caption = Roger Federer in 2009
|country = {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Swisserland
|nickname = ''Fedex''&lt;br /&gt;''King Roger''
|residence = [[Volerau]], [[Swisserland]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|8|8}}
|birth_place = [[Basel]], [[Swisserland]]
|height = 1.85 m (6&amp;nbsp;ft 1&amp;nbsp;in)
|weight = {{convert|85|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro = 1998
|plays = Right-handit (one-handit backhand)
|careerprizemoney = [[US$|$]]130,594,339&lt;ref name=&quot;career-prize-money-leaders&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ATP Prize Money Leaders|url=http://www.protennislive.com/posting/ramr/career_prize.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=1251|lost=275}}
|singlestitles = 103
|currentsinglesranking = No. 16 (8 November 2021)
|highestsinglesranking = No. '''1''' (2 2 2004)
|AustralianOpenresult = '''W''' (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017, 2018)
|FrenchOpenresult = '''W''' (2009)
|Wimbledonresult = '''W''' (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,&lt;br&gt; 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017)
|USOpenresult = '''W''' (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
|Othertournaments = Yes
|MastersCupresult = '''W''' ([[2008 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2008]])
|Olympicsresult = [[File:Silver medal.svg|20px]] '''Silver medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|2012]])
|doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=131|lost=92}}
|doublestitles = 8
|currentdoublesranking = 
|highestdoublesranking = No. 24 (9 Juin 2003)
|grandslamsdoublesresults = yes
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2006]], [[2007 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2007]])
|WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles|2006]])
|USOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 US Open – Men's Doubles|2006]])
|OthertournamentsDoubles = Aye
|OlympicsDoublesresult = [[File:Gold medal.svg|20px]] '''Gold medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's Doubles|2008]])
|Team=yes
|DavisCupresult = '''W''' (2014)
|medaltemplates-expand       = yes
|medaltemplates              =
{{MedalCountry | {{SWI}} }}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Tennis at the Simmer Olympics|Tennis]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2008 Simmer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|[[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's doobles|Doobles]]}}
|updated = 8 November 2021
}}

'''Roger Federer''' (8 August 1981, [[Basel]]) is a [[Swisserland|Swiss]] professional tennis player an a World No. 1. He is widely regardit as ane o the greatest players o aw time in [[tennis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Federer the greatest ever - Lloyd |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8088191.stm |agency=BBC SPORT |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Wyatt |title=Sampras: Federer is the 'best ever' |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/06/08/federer.great.tennis.sampras/index.html |work=CNN
|pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Barnes |title=&quot;Roger Federer, greatest of all time, ensures statistics back up unrivalled artistry&quot; |date=6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/simon_barnes/article6451942.ece |work=The Times |pages= |accessdate=13 September 2012 |language= |archive-date=2020-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615062650/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Kamakshi |last=Tandon |title=Federer's numbers speak volumes |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french09/columns/story?columnist=tandon_kamakshi&amp;id=4240712 |agency=ESPN |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Evans |title=Jack the lad |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher= |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jun/24/tennis.wimbledon8 |agency=guardian |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=David |last=Waldstein |title=Emerson: French Open title stamps Federer as best ever |date=6. 6. 2009. |publisher=newjerseynewsroom |url=http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/professional/emerson-french-open-title-stamps-federer-as-the-best-ever |agency= |pages= |accessdate=13 September 2012 |language=english |archive-date=2009-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611082138/http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/professional/emerson-french-open-title-stamps-federer-as-the-best-ever |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Profile: Roger Federer - The greatest ever |date=6. 6. 2009. |publisher=CNN.com |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/07/04/roger.federer.profile.wimbledon/index.html |work=CNN |pages= |accessdate=13 September 2012 |language=english |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430102905/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/07/04/roger.federer.profile.wimbledon/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Is Roger Federer the greatest?  |date = 6. 6. 2009. |publisher=BBCsport |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8133532.stm |agency=BBC |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first= |last= |title=McEnroe: Federer is best ever  |date = 2. 6. 2010. |publisher=espn |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4900220 |agency=espn |pages= |accessdate = 13 September 2012 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
*[http://www.rogerfederer.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]
*[http://www.rogerfedererfoundation.org/en.html Roger Federer Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127091017/http://www.rogerfedererfoundation.org/en.html |date=2013-01-27 }}
*{{Facebook User|Federer|Roger Federer}}
*[http://www.grandslamhistory.com/index.php?menu=players&amp;act=GetPlayerByIDU&amp;id=94 Roger Federer – Grand Slam History]
*[http://scoreshelf.com/en/tennis/gdfb/Roger_Federer Sortable leet o Grand Slam opponents an stats]

===Profiles===
*{{ATP|F324}}
*{{ITF male profile|10019424}}
*{{DavisCup player|10019424}}
*{{IMDb name|1716574}}

{{Australian Open men's singles champions}}
{{French Open men's singles champions}}
{{Wimbledon men's singles champions}}
{{US Open Men's Singles champions}}
{{Tennis Warld ATP Nummer Anes (men)}}
{{Wimbledon boys' doubles champions}}
{{Tap ten tennis players|atpsingles=y}}
{{Tap ten European male tennis players}}
{{Tap Swiss Male Tennis Players}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Federer, Roger}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Hopman Cup competitors]]
[[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Swisserland]]
[[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Swisserland]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players o Swisserland]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Basel-Stadt]]
[[Category:Roger Federer|Roger Federer]]
[[Category:Swiss male tennis players]]
[[Category:Swiss fowk o Dutch strynd]]
[[Category:Swiss fowk o French strynd]]
[[Category:Swiss Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:UNICEF fowk]]
[[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Wimbledon champions]]
[[Category:Wimbledon junior champions]]
[[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]]
[[Category:French Open champions]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Montana</title>
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        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="5687" sha1="3t1s07lj6h24voviw3q322w815nyko8" xml:space="preserve">{{US state
|Name                = Montana
|Fullname            = State of Montana
|Flag                = Flag of Montana.svg
|Flaglink            = [[Flag o Montana|Flag]]
|Seal                = Great Seal of Montana.svg
|Seallink            = [[Seal o Montana|Seal]]
|Song                = &quot;Montana&quot;
|Flower              = Bitteroot
|Tree                = Ponderosa pine
|Bird                = Western meadowlark
|Map                 = Montana in United States.svg
|Nickname            = Big Sky Country, The Treasure State
|Motto               = Oro y Plata
|MottoEnglish        = Gold and Silver
|Former              = Montana Territory
|Demonym             = Montanan
|Capital             = [[Helena, Montana|Helena]]
|OfficialLang        = Inglis
|LargestCity         = [[Billings, Montana|Billings]]
|LargestMetro        = [[Billings Metropolitan Area]]
|Governor            = [[Steve Bullock (Montana politeecian)|Steve Bullock]] (D)
|Lieutenant Governor = [[Mike Cooney]] (D)
|Legislature         = [[Montana Legislature]]
|Upperhouse          = Senate
|Lowerhouse          = House of Representatives
|Senators            = [[Jon Tester]] (D)&lt;br /&gt;[[Steve Daines]] (R)
|Representative      = [[Greg Gianforte]] (R)
|AreaRank            = 4t
|TotalAreaUS         = 147,040&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf | title=United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing | publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | type=PDF | page= 41 (Table 18) | date=September 2012 | accessdate=April 11, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|TotalArea           = 380,800 &lt;!--{{convert|147040|mi2|km2}}--&gt;
|LandAreaUS          = 145,552&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?state=MT |title=Montana State Facts |publisher=[[United States Geological Service]]|accessdate=April 11, 2014 |date=October 2, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|LandArea            =  {{convert|145552|mi2|km2}}
|WaterAreaUS         = 1,491
|WaterArea           = 3,862
|PCWater             = 1
|PopRank             = 44t
|2010Pop             = 1,032,949 (2015 est){{sfn|Census Estimate|2015}}
|DensityRank         = 48t
|2010DensityUS       = 6.86
|2000Density         = 2.65
|AdmittanceOrder     = 41st
|AdmittanceDate      = 8 November 1889
|Latitude            = 44° 21′ N tae 49° N
|Longitude           = 104° 2′ W tae 116° 3′ W
|LengthUS            = 255
|Length              = 410
|WidthUS             = 630
|Width               = 1,015
|HighestPoint        = [[Granite Peak (Montana)|Granite Peak]]{{sfn|National Geodetic Survey|2008}}{{sfn|Geological Survey|2001}}
|HighestElevUS       = 12,807
|HighestElev         = 3903.5
|MeanElevUS          = 3,400
|MeanElev            = 1040
|LowestPoint         = [[Kootenai River]] at {{nobreak|[[Idaho]] border}}{{sfn|National Geodetic Survey|2008}}{{sfn|Geological Survey|2001}}
|LowestElevUS        = 1,804
|LowestElev          = 557
|TimeZone            = [[Muntain Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Muntain Staundart Time|-7]]/[[Muntain Daylicht Time|-6]]
|area_code           = [[Aurie code 406|406]] Entire State
|PostalAbbreviation  = MT
|TradAbbreviation    = Mont.
|ISOCode             = US-MT
|Website             = www.mt.gov
}}
'''Montana''' {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Montana.ogg|m|ɒ|n|ˈ|t|æ|n|ə}} is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the Wastren region o the [[Unitit States]]. The state's name is derivit frae the Spainish wird {{lang|es|montaña}} (muntain).

Montana is the fowert-mucklest in area, the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|8t least populous]], an the third-least densely populatit o the 50 U.S. states. The wastren hauf o Montana haes mony muntain ranges. Smawer island ranges are foond ootthrou the state. In aw, 77 cried ranges are pairt o the [[Rocky Muntains]]. The eastren hauf o Montana is chairacterised bi wastren prairie terrain an badlands. Montana is mairched bi [[Idaho]] tae the wast, [[Wyoming]] tae the sooth, [[North Dakota]] an [[Sooth Dakota]] tae the east, an the [[Provinces an territories o Canada|Canadian provinces]] o [[Breetish Columbie]], [[Alberta]], an [[Saskatchewan]] tae the north.

The economy is maistly based on agricultur, includin ranchin an cereal grain fermin. Ither significant economic resources include ile, gas, coal, haurd rock minin, an lummer. The health care service, an govrenment sectors are significant tae the state's economy an aa.

The state's fastest-growin sector is tourism. Nearly 13 million tourists annually veesit Glacier Naitional Pairk, Yellowstone Naitional Pairk, Beartooth Highway, Flathead Loch, Big Sky Resort, an ither attractions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/business/montana-tourist-numbers-down-spending-up-report-says/article_9efbaec7-b807-587e-a4d8-069774f8357e.html|title=Montana tourist numbers down, spending up, report says|last=Kendall|first=Lewis|work=Bozeman Daily Chronicle|access-date=2018-06-21|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
;State govrenment
* [http://www.mt.gov/ {{PAGENAME}} state govrenment wabsteid]

== Relatit information ==

{{Navboxes
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{{Stub/USA}}

{{Coord|display=title|47|N|110|W|region:US-MT_type:adm1st_scale:3000000}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Montana| ]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1889]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Wastren Unitit States]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wyoming</title>
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      <text bytes="5341" sha1="fea48ddqcqu9f7stz86d4p24jr45uyp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state
|Name = Wyoming
|Fullname = State of Wyoming
|Flag = Flag of Wyoming.svg
|Flaglink = [[Banner o Wyoming|Banner]]
|Seal = Seal of Wyoming.svg
|Seallink = [[Seal o Wyoming|Seal]]
|Map = Wyoming in United States.svg
|Nickname = Equality State (offeecial);&lt;br /&gt;Cowboy State; Big Wyoming;&lt;br /&gt;Wonderful Wyoming
|Motto = Equal Rights
|Former = Wyoming Territory
|Capital = [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]]
|LargestMetro = [[Cheyenne metropolitan aurie|Cheyenne Metro Area]]
|OfficialLang = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
|Demonym = [[Leet o U.S. state residents names|Wyomingite]]
|LargestCity = caipital
|Governor = [[Matt Mead]] (R)
|Lieutenant Governor =
|Lieutenant Governor_alt = Secretar o State
|Legislature = [[Wyoming Legislature]]
|Upperhouse = [[Wyoming Senate|Senate]]
|Lowerhouse = [[Wyoming House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|Senators = [[Mike Enzi]] (R)&lt;br /&gt;[[John Barrasso]] (R)
|Representative = [[Cynthia Lummis]] (R)
|PostalAbbreviation = WY
|AreaRank = 10t
|TotalArea = 253,348
|TotalAreaUS = 97,814
|LandAreaUS = 97,101
|LandArea = 251,498
|WaterAreaUS = 714
|WaterArea = 1,851
|PCWater = 0.7
|PopRank = 50t
|2010Pop = 586,107 (2015 estimate); 563,626 (2010 census)&lt;ref name=PopEstUS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |format=CSV |title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 |date=December 26, 2015 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=December 26, 2015 }}{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=Beta7 |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|DensityRank = 49t
|2000DensityUS = 5.97
|2000Density = 2.31
|AdmittanceOrder = 44t
|AdmittanceDate = 10 Julie 1890
|TimeZone = [[Moontain Time Zone|Moontain]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Moontain Staundart Time|-7]]/[[Moontain Daylicht Time|-6]]
|Latitude = [[41st parallel north|41°N]] tae [[45t parallel north|45°N]]
|Longitude = 104°3'W tae 111°3'W
|WidthUS = 360
|Width = 581
|LengthUS = 280
|Length = 450
|HighestPoint = [[Gannett Peak]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite ngs|id=OW0356|designation=Gannett Peak Cairn|accessdate=October 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=USGS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 24, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88&gt;Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|HighestElevUS = 13,809
|HighestElev = 4209.1
|MeanElevUS = 6,700
|MeanElev = 2040
|LowestPoint = [[Belle Fourche River]] at {{nobreak|[[Sooth Dakota]] border}}&lt;ref name=USGS/&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88/&gt;
|LowestElevUS = 3,101
|LowestElev = 945
|ISOCode = US-WY
|Website = wyoming.gov
}}
{{Infobox U.S. state symbols
|Name = Wyoming
|Flag = Flag of Wyoming.svg
|Seal = Seal of Wyoming.svg
|Amphibian =
|Bird = [[Western meadowlark]] (''Sturnella neglecta'')
|Butterfly =
|Dinosaur = ''[[Triceratops]]''
|Fish = [[Cutthroat trout]] (''Oncorhynchus clarki'')
|Flower = [[Wyoming Indian paintbrush]] (''Castilleja linariifolia'')
|Grass = [[Pascopyrum|Western wheatgrass]] (''Pascopyrum smithii'')
|Circumcision Statistics = 73%	(2013) Still Medicaid funded
|Mammal = [[American bison]] (''Bison bison'')
|Reptile = [[Horned lizard]] (''[[Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre]]'')
|Tree = [[Plains cottonwood]] (''Populus sargentii'')
|Beverage =
|Colors =
|Dance =
|Food =
|Fossil = ''[[Knightia]]''
|Gemstone =
|Instrument =
|Mineral = [[Nephrite]]
|Motto = [[Equal Rights (motto)|Equal Rights]]
|Poem =
|Rock =
|Shell =
|Ships =
|Slogan =
|Soil = [[Forkwood]] (unoffeecial)
|Song = &quot;Wyoming&quot; bi Charles E. Winter &amp; George E. Knapp
|Sport =
|Tartan =
|Toy =
|Other =
|Route Marker = WY-789.svg
|Quarter =
|QuarterReleaseDate = 2007
}}
'''Wyoming''' {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Wyoming.ogg|w|aɪ|ˈ|oʊ|m|ɪ|ŋ}} is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Moontain States|moontain region]] o the [[Wastren Unitit States]].

Wyoming is the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi aurie|10t lairgest]], but the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|least populous]] an the [[Leet o U.S. states bi population density|seicont least densely populatit]] o the [[Leet o U.S. states|50 Unitit States]]. The wastren twa-thirds o the state is covered maistly wi the muntain ranges an rangelands in the fuithills o the eastren [[Rocky Moontains]], whilk the eastren third o the state is heich elevation prairie kent as the [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]]. [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]] is the caipital an the mist populous ceety in Wyoming, wi a population estimate o 62,448 in 2013.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
;State govrenment
* [http://wyoming.gov/ {{PAGENAME}} state govrenment wabsteid]

==Relatit information==

{{Navboxes
|title= [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics relatit tae {{PAGENAME}}
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{{Unitit States topics}}
}}

[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}| ]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1890]]

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    <title>Dahiyat Qudsaya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3329" sha1="np0ppssjp5xpkh9hx05t84hpbguycju" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Dahiyat Qudsaya
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;ضاحية قدسيا السكنية الجديدة&lt;/big&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|pushpin_map            =Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        =250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Qudsaya Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = [[Qudsaya]]
|settlement_type        = Veelage&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref              = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2             =
|area_land_km2              =
|area_water_km2             =
|area_total_sq_mi        =
|area_land_sq_mi         =
|area_water_sq_mi        =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2             =
|area_urban_sq_mi        =
|area_metro_km2             =
|area_metro_sq_mi        =
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 9500
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|32|25|N|36|11|35|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m              = 
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Dahiyat Qudsaya''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;ضاحية قدسيا السكنية الجديدة&lt;/big&gt;}}; '''Qudsaya Modren Residential Suburb''') is a modren suburb adjacent tae the toun o [[Qudsaya]] an juist north o the [[Mezzeh]] destrict o [[Damascus]] in [[Sirie]]. The toun is admeenistratively pairt o the [[Qudsaya Destrict]] o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]] in soothren [[Sirie]]. Nearbi localities include [[al-Hamah]] tae the north, an the affluent suburbs o [[al-Sabburah]] an [[Yaafur]] tae the wast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Dahiyat Qudsaya haed a population o 9,500 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-7-2004.htm General Census o Population an Hoosin 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227145520/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-7-2004.htm |date=2019-12-27 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|qudsaya}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Qudsaya Destrict]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2139" sha1="db2uxwsoj53qy0iplz31zyn6tro95h1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Dahiyat Qudsaya
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;ضاحية قدسيا السكنية الجديدة&lt;/big&gt;
|pushpin_map            = Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        = 250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Qudsaya Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = [[Qudsaya]]
|settlement_type        = Veelage
|unit_pref              = Metric
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_total       = 9500
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|32|25|N|36|11|35|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
}}
'''Dahiyat Qudsaya''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;ضاحية قدسيا السكنية الجديدة&lt;/big&gt;}}; '''Qudsaya Modren Residential Suburb''') is a modren suburb adjacent tae the toun o [[Qudsaya]] an juist north o the [[Mezzeh]] destrict o [[Damascus]] in [[Sirie]]. The toun is admeenistratively pairt o the [[Qudsaya Destrict]] o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]] in soothren [[Sirie]]. Nearbi localities include [[al-Hamah]] tae the north, an the affluent suburbs o [[al-Sabburah]] an [[Yaafur]] tae the wast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Dahiyat Qudsaya haed a population o 9,500 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-7-2004.htm General Census o Population an Hoosin 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227145520/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-7-2004.htm |date=2019-12-27 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|qudsaya}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Qudsaya Destrict]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Le Havre</title>
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      <text bytes="3916" sha1="1vjt686ys4oqq87r1zc719fad4onb4l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Le Havre
|image              = Le Havre Vue Plage 14 07 2005.jpg
|caption            =
|image flag         =
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Le Havre (Seine-Maritime).svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49.49000|0.100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|time zone          = CET &lt;small&gt;(UTC +1)&lt;/small&gt;
|INSEE              = 76351
|region             = [[Upper Normandy]]
|department         = [[Seine-Maritime]]
|arrondissement     = Rouen
|intercommunality   = [[Agglomeration commonty o Le Havre|CODAH]]
|mayor              = Edouard Phillippe
|party              = [[Union for a Popular Muivement|UMP]]
|term               = 2010 - 2014
|area km2           = 46.95
|area footnotes     =
|population date    = 2007
|population         = 179751
|population ranking = [[Leet o communes in Fraunce wi ower 20,000 inhabitants (1999 census)|12t in Fraunce]]
|urban area km2     = 182.45
|urban area date    = 2006
|urban pop          = 246,195
|urban pop date     = 2006
|metro area km2     = 615.39
|metro area date    = 2006
|metro area pop     = 291,765
|metro area pop date= 2006
|website            = [http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/ www.ville-lehavre.fr]
}}
{{Infobox Warld Heritage Steid
|WHS         = Le Havre, the Ceety Rebuilt bi Auguste Perret
|Image       =
|State Party = [[Fraunce]]
|Type        = Cultural
|Criteria    = ii, iv
|ID          = 1181
|Region      = Europe an North Americae
|Year        = 2005
|Session     = 29th
|Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1181
}}

'''Le Havre''' ({{IPA-fr|lə ɑvʁ}}) is a ceety in the [[Seine-Maritime]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] o the [[Upper Normandy]] region in [[Fraunce]]. It is situatit in north-wastren Fraunce, on the richt bank o the mooth o the [[Seine|river Seine]] on the [[Inglis Channel]]. Le Havre is the maist populous [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]] in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total population o the greater Le Havre conurbation is smawer than that o [[Rouen]]. It is the seicont lairgest [[subprefectur]] in Fraunce (efter [[Reims]]). Its port is the seicont busiest in Fraunce (efter that o [[Marseille]]). Syne 1974 it haes been the [[Episcopal see|see]] o the diocese o Le Havre.

==Twin touns==
Le Havre is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]], or haes a [[sister ceety]] relationship wi:&lt;ref name=&quot;TwinTowns&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.lehavre.eu/#Twin_towns|title=Le Havre Website - Twin Towns|accessdate=29 November 2008|publisher= lehavre.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|China}} [[Dalian]], [[Cheenae]]
* {{Flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} [[Pointe-Noire]], [[Republic o the Congo]]
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Roushie]], syne 1965&lt;ref name=&quot;saint_petersburg&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |accessdate=23 November 2008 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Magdeburg]], [[Germany]]
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Southampton]], [[Unitit Kinrick]], syne 1973
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Tampa]], [[Unitit States]]
* {{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen]], [[Norawa]]
* {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Aydın]], [[Turkey]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Havre}}
[[Category:Le Havre| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Communes o Seine-Maritime]]
[[Category:Olympic sailin venues]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1517]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Ports an harbours o the Inglis Channel]]
[[Category:Subprefecturs in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Fraunce]]
[[Category:1900 Simmer Olympic venues]]
[[Category:1924 Simmer Olympic venues]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3835" sha1="nsoppv3bmxzyjecs8mm3lziikfvgel4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Le Havre
|image              = Le Havre Vue Plage 14 07 2005.jpg
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Le Havre (Seine-Maritime).svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49.49000|0.100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|time zone          = CET &lt;small&gt;(UTC +1)&lt;/small&gt;
|INSEE              = 76351
|region             = [[Upper Normandy]]
|department         = [[Seine-Maritime]]
|arrondissement     = Rouen
|intercommunality   = [[Agglomeration commonty o Le Havre|CODAH]]
|mayor              = Edouard Phillippe
|party              = [[Union for a Popular Muivement|UMP]]
|term               = 2010 - 2014
|area km2           = 46.95
|population date    = 2007
|population         = 179751
|population ranking = [[Leet o communes in Fraunce wi ower 20,000 inhabitants (1999 census)|12t in Fraunce]]
|urban area km2     = 182.45
|urban area date    = 2006
|urban pop          = 246,195
|urban pop date     = 2006
|metro area km2     = 615.39
|metro area date    = 2006
|metro area pop     = 291,765
|metro area pop date= 2006
|website            = [http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/ www.ville-lehavre.fr]
}}
{{Infobox Warld Heritage Steid
|WHS         = Le Havre, the Ceety Rebuilt bi Auguste Perret
|State Party = [[Fraunce]]
|Type        = Cultural
|Criteria    = ii, iv
|ID          = 1181
|Region      = Europe an North Americae
|Year        = 2005
|Session     = 29th
|Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1181
}}

'''Le Havre''' ({{IPA-fr|lə ɑvʁ}}) is a ceety in the [[Seine-Maritime]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] o the [[Upper Normandy]] region in [[Fraunce]]. It is situatit in north-wastren Fraunce, on the richt bank o the mooth o the [[Seine|river Seine]] on the [[Inglis Channel]]. Le Havre is the maist populous [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]] in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total population o the greater Le Havre conurbation is smawer than that o [[Rouen]]. It is the seicont lairgest [[subprefectur]] in Fraunce (efter [[Reims]]). Its port is the seicont busiest in Fraunce (efter that o [[Marseille]]). Syne 1974 it haes been the [[Episcopal see|see]] o the diocese o Le Havre.

==Twin touns==
Le Havre is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]], or haes a [[sister ceety]] relationship wi:&lt;ref name=&quot;TwinTowns&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.lehavre.eu/#Twin_towns|title=Le Havre Website - Twin Towns|accessdate=29 November 2008|publisher= lehavre.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|China}} [[Dalian]], [[Cheenae]]
* {{Flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} [[Pointe-Noire]], [[Republic o the Congo]]
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Roushie]], syne 1965&lt;ref name=&quot;saint_petersburg&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |accessdate=23 November 2008 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Magdeburg]], [[Germany]]
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Southampton]], [[Unitit Kinrick]], syne 1973
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Tampa]], [[Unitit States]]
* {{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen]], [[Norawa]]
* {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Aydın]], [[Turkey]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Havre}}
[[Category:Le Havre| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Communes o Seine-Maritime]]
[[Category:Olympic sailin venues]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1517]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Ports an harbours o the Inglis Channel]]
[[Category:Subprefecturs in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Fraunce]]
[[Category:1900 Simmer Olympic venues]]
[[Category:1924 Simmer Olympic venues]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Madonna</title>
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      <text bytes="5922" sha1="gckr6793fajr5srs1uecs3498w9wdbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Madonna
| image = Madonna by David Shankbone.jpg
| caption = Madonna at the premiere o ''[[I Am Because We Are]]'' in 2008
| alt = 
| birth_name = Madonna Louise Ciccone
| alias = {{plainlist|
* Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone
* (Catholic [[Confirmation]] name)
}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1958|8|16}}
| birth_place = [[Bay City, Michigan]], U.S.
| residence = [[Lisbon]], Portugal
| home_town = [[Rochester Hills, Michigan]], U.S.
| relations  = [[Christopher Ciccone]] (brother)
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Sean Penn]]|1985|1989}}
* {{marriage|[[Guy Ritchie]]|2000|2008}}
}}
| partner = Carlos Leon (1995–97)
| children = 4
| net_worth = U.S. $500 million (estimate as of September 2013)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|authorlink=Zack O'Malley Greenburg|last=Greenburg|first=Zack O'Malley|title=Madonna's Net Worth: $500 Million In 2013|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2013/09/18/madonnas-net-worth-500-million-in-2013/|magazine=[[Forbes]]|publisher=Forbes, Inc.|date=September 18, 2013|accessdate=March 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|alma_mater=[[University of Michigan]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Sangster-sangwriter
* dancer
* author
* director
* businesswumman
* record producer
* philanthropist
* actress
}}
| years_active = 1979–present
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
* [[Electronic muisic|electronic]]
* [[Rock muisic|rock]]
}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Drums
* guitar
* percussion
* synthesizer
* vocals
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
* [[Live Nation Entertainment|Live Nation]]
* [[Maverick Records|Maverick]]
* [[Sire Records|Sire]]
* [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Breakfast Club (band)|Breakfast Club]]
* Emmy
}}
}}
| website = {{URL|madonna.com}}
}}
'''Madonna''' (born '''Madonna Louise Ciccone''' {{IPAc-en|tʃ|ɪ|ˈ|k|oʊ|n|eɪ}} {{respell|chi|KOH|nay}}; 16 August 1958) is an American sangster, sangwriter, actress, director, dancer, an entrepreneur. She haes sauld mair nor 300&amp;nbsp;million records warldwide an is recognisit as the warld's best-sellin female recordin airtist in history bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''. Considered tae be ane o the &quot;25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century&quot; bi ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' for bein an influential figur in [[Popular muisic|contemporar muisic]], she is kent for continuously reinventin baith her muisic an image, an for retainin a staundart o autonomy athin the recordin industrie. Critics hae praised her diverse muisical productions which hae been kent tae induce controversy an aw.

== Personal life ==
Baith Madonna's marriages endit in divorce. She wis marriet tae [[Sean Penn]] frae 1985-1989 an tae [[Guy Ritchie]] frae 2000-2008. She haes a dochter Lourdes an son Rocco. She [[adopt]]it a [[Malawi]]an bairn, David Banda, an a girl, Mercy.

==Tours==
{{main|Leet o Madonna tours}}
Her tours durin the 80's (&quot;[[Who's That Girl Tour]]&quot;, &quot;[[Blond Ambition Tour]]&quot;, etc.) wur vera successfu. Her 1993 &quot;[[The Girle Show Tour]]&quot; wis vera controversial, (some thocht o it as bad), but it wis a great success. the &quot;[[Drowned World Tour]]&quot; an the &quot;[[Re-Invention Tour]]&quot; wur the maist successfu tours o thair years. &quot;[[The Confessions Tour]]&quot; wis vera successfu an the &quot;Sticky &amp; Sweet Tour&quot;, wi ower 400 million dollars earned, became the maist successfu tour o aw time for a single airtist..

* ''[[The Virgin Tour]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Who's That Girl World Tour]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Blond Ambition Tour]]'' (1990)
* ''[[The Girlie Show World Tour]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Drowned World Tour]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Re-Invention World Tour]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Confessions Tour]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Sticky &amp; Sweet Tour]]'' (2008-2009)
* ''[[MDNA Tour]] (2012)''

== Discografie ==
{{main|Madonna discografie}}

* ''[[Madonna (album)|Madonna]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Like a Virgin (Madonna album)|Like a Virgin]]'' (1984)
* ''[[True Blue (album)|True Blue]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Like a Prayer]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Erotica (album)|Erotica]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)|Bedtime Stories]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Ray of Light]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Music (Madonna album)|Music]]'' (2000)
* ''[[American Life]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Confessions on a Dance Floor]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Hard Candy (Madonna album)|Hard Candy]]'' (2008)
* ''[[MDNA (album)|MDNA]]'' (2012)
*[[Rebel Heart|''Rebel Heart'']] (2015)
*[[Madame X|''Madame X'']] (2019)
*''[[Confessions II]]'' (2026)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madonna}}
[[Category:Madonna (entertainer)| ]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Michigan]]
[[Category:Actresses frae New York Ceety]]
[[Category:American childer's writers]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American dancers]]
[[Category:American enterteenment industry businessfowk]]
[[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American film directors]]
[[Category:American film producers]]
[[Category:American mezzo-sopranos]]
[[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o French-Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American record producers]]
[[Category:Umwhile Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Actress Gowden Globe (film) winners]]
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:Female film directors]]
[[Category:Female rock sangsters]]
[[Category:Feminist muisickers]]
[[Category:Fowk named in the Paradise Papers]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Juno Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae Michigan]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae New York Ceety]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]


{{Stub/USMuisician}}</text>
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    <title>Ängelholm Municipality</title>
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      <text bytes="5991" sha1="313ojkslun4pcyg21uthqaopn3wwd05" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox municipality
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Ängelholm Municipality
| native_name             = Ängelholms kommun&lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang        = sv&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. &quot;sv&quot; for Swedish. --&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_seal              = 
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Ängelholm vapen.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| image_map               = Ängelholm Municipality in Scania County.png
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = &lt;!-- Sweden --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = 
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Swaden]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Skåne Coonty]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| seat_type               = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]]
| seat                    = [[Ängelholm]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| area_total_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}.
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| population_total        = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| population_as_of        = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Scanie]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 1292
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE&lt;!--??--&gt;]]
| website                 = [http://www.engelholm.se www.engelholm.se]&lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Ängelholm Municipality''' (''Ängelholms kommun'') is a [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Skåne Coonty]] in soothren [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the ceety o [[Ängelholm]].

In 1971 the ''Ceety o Ängelholm'' wis amalgamatit wi the rural municipalities ''Ausås'', ''Barkåkra'', ''Hjärnarp'' an ''Munka-Ljungby'', sicweys creatin a municipality o unitary type. In 1974 a parish frae the dissolvit municipality ''Östra Ljungby'' wis addit.

Ängelholm wis till recently the hame o a major [[airforce]] base.  The base is nou closed doun an the premises taken ower bi the [[supercar]] manufacturer [[Koenigsegg]].

A notable laundmerk is the [[UFO-Memorial Ängelholm|UFO memorial at Ängelholm]]. It is a model o a flyin saucer on a steid, situatit on a steid, whare on 18 Mey 1946 a UFO allegedly landit.

==Localities==
Thare are 9 [[Urban auries in Swaden|urban aurie]]s (cried a Tätort or locality) in Ängelholm Municipality.

In the table the localities are leetit accordin tae the size o the population as o December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bauld characters.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! # !! Locality !! Population
|-
| 1 || '''[[Ängelholm]]''' || 22,533
|-
| 2 || [[Munka-Ljungby]] || 2,877
|-
| 3 || [[Vejbystrand]] 1) || 2,764
|-
| 4 || [[Strövelstorp]] || 1,012
|-
| 5 || [[Hjärnarp]] || 871
|-
| 6 || [[Skepparkroken]] || 705
|-
| 7 || [[Svenstorp]] || 238
|-
| 8 || [[Margretetorp]] || 211
|-
| 9 || [[Höja]] || 200
|}

1) A minor pairt o Vejbystrand is in [[Båstad Municipality]]

== Internaitional relations ==
The municipality is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref&gt;http://www.engelholm.se/Kommun-politik/Vara-vanorter/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402090428/http://engelholm.se/Kommun-politik/Vara-vanorter/ |date=2013-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Høje-Taastrup Municipality]], [[Denmark]]
*{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Maaninka]], [[Finland]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Dobele]], [[Latvie]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Kamen]], [[Germany]] ([[North Rhine-Westphalie]])
{{col-end}}

== See an aw ==
* Linjeflyg Flight 277

==References==
*[http://www.scb.se Statistics Swaden]
&lt;references/&gt;

== Freemit airtins ==
*[http://www.kommun.engelholm.se/ Ängelholm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105173959/http://www.kommun.engelholm.se/ |date=2012-01-05 }} - Offeecial steid (Swadish)
*[http://www.ngw.nl/int/zwe/a/angelhol.htm Coat o airms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121002757/http://www.ngw.nl/int/zwe/a/angelhol.htm |date=2017-11-21 }}
*[http://www.turist.engelholm.se/index_gb.html Ängelholm Tourist Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504170139/http://www.turist.engelholm.se/index_gb.html |date=2008-05-04 }} (Inglis)

{{Skåne Coonty}}
{{Localities in Ängelholm Municipality}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angelholm Municipality}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Skåne Coonty]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4878" sha1="bqxzvenytozkzgu8cbclt0hbhd5yxzy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox municipality
| name                    = Ängelholm Municipality
| native_name             = Ängelholms kommun
| native_name_lang        = sv
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]]
| image_shield            = Ängelholm vapen.svg
| image_map               = Ängelholm Municipality in Scania County.png
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Swaden]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Skåne Coonty]]
| seat_type               = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]]
| seat                    = [[Ängelholm]]
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| area_total_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| area_note               = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}.
| population_footnotes    = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| population_total        = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Ängelholm Municipality}}
| population_as_of        = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Scanie]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 1292
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE&lt;!--??--&gt;]]
| website                 = [http://www.engelholm.se www.engelholm.se]
}}

'''Ängelholm Municipality''' (''Ängelholms kommun'') is a [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Skåne Coonty]] in soothren [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the ceety o [[Ängelholm]].

In 1971 the ''Ceety o Ängelholm'' wis amalgamatit wi the rural municipalities ''Ausås'', ''Barkåkra'', ''Hjärnarp'' an ''Munka-Ljungby'', sicweys creatin a municipality o unitary type. In 1974 a parish frae the dissolvit municipality ''Östra Ljungby'' wis addit.

Ängelholm wis till recently the hame o a major [[airforce]] base.  The base is nou closed doun an the premises taken ower bi the [[supercar]] manufacturer [[Koenigsegg]].

A notable laundmerk is the [[UFO-Memorial Ängelholm|UFO memorial at Ängelholm]]. It is a model o a flyin saucer on a steid, situatit on a steid, whare on 18 Mey 1946 a UFO allegedly landit.

==Localities==
Thare are 9 [[Urban auries in Swaden|urban aurie]]s (cried a Tätort or locality) in Ängelholm Municipality.

In the table the localities are leetit accordin tae the size o the population as o December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bauld characters.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! # !! Locality !! Population
|-
| 1 || '''[[Ängelholm]]''' || 22,533
|-
| 2 || [[Munka-Ljungby]] || 2,877
|-
| 3 || [[Vejbystrand]] 1) || 2,764
|-
| 4 || [[Strövelstorp]] || 1,012
|-
| 5 || [[Hjärnarp]] || 871
|-
| 6 || [[Skepparkroken]] || 705
|-
| 7 || [[Svenstorp]] || 238
|-
| 8 || [[Margretetorp]] || 211
|-
| 9 || [[Höja]] || 200
|}

1) A minor pairt o Vejbystrand is in [[Båstad Municipality]]

== Internaitional relations ==
The municipality is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref&gt;http://www.engelholm.se/Kommun-politik/Vara-vanorter/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402090428/http://engelholm.se/Kommun-politik/Vara-vanorter/ |date=2013-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Høje-Taastrup Municipality]], [[Denmark]]
*{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Maaninka]], [[Finland]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Dobele]], [[Latvie]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Kamen]], [[Germany]] ([[North Rhine-Westphalie]])
{{col-end}}

== See an aw ==
* Linjeflyg Flight 277

==References==
*[http://www.scb.se Statistics Swaden]
&lt;references/&gt;

== Freemit airtins ==
*[http://www.kommun.engelholm.se/ Ängelholm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105173959/http://www.kommun.engelholm.se/ |date=2012-01-05 }} - Offeecial steid (Swadish)
*[http://www.ngw.nl/int/zwe/a/angelhol.htm Coat o airms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121002757/http://www.ngw.nl/int/zwe/a/angelhol.htm |date=2017-11-21 }}
*[http://www.turist.engelholm.se/index_gb.html Ängelholm Tourist Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504170139/http://www.turist.engelholm.se/index_gb.html |date=2008-05-04 }} (Inglis)

{{Skåne Coonty}}
{{Localities in Ängelholm Municipality}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angelholm Municipality}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Skåne Coonty]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Province o Vibo Valentia</title>
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      <text bytes="3896" sha1="m8vdw2yfs6hsjk50g55f0dfshc8byyt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox province
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Province o Vibo Valentia
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = it&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;it&quot; for Italian --&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Provinces o Italy|Province]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_alt              = 
| image_map               = Map Province of Vibo Valentia.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Map heichlichtin the location o the province o Vibo Valentia in Italy
| coordinates             = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Italy}}
| subdivision_type1       = Region
| subdivision_name1       = [[Calabrie]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| seat_type               = Caipital(s)
| seat                    = [[Vibo Valentia]]
| parts_type              = [[Comune|Comuni]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = 50
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Preses
| leader_name             = Francesco de Nisi
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 1139
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 168894
| population_as_of        = 2005
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 89811-89819, 89821-89824, 89831-89834, 89841-89844, 89851-89852, 89861-89868, 89900
| area_code_type          = Telephone prefix
| area_code               = 0963, 0966, 0968 
| iso_code                = 
| registration_plate      = [[Italian caur number plates|VV]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 102
| website                 = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
| footnotes               = 
}}
The '''Province o Vibo Valentia''' ({{lang-it|'''Provincia di Vibo Valentia'''}}) is a [[Provinces o Italy|province]] in the [[Calabrie]] region o [[Italy]], set up bi a naitional law o 6 Mairch 1992 which came intae effect on 1 Januar 1996, an umwhile pairt o the [[Province o Catanzaro]]. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Vibo Valentia]] an its [[vehicle licence]] plate code is [[Italian license plates|VV]].

The Province haes an aurie o 1,139 km² (7.6% o the total surface o Calabrie), an a total population o 168,894 ([[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] 2005). Thare are 50 ''[[comuni]]'' (singular: ''[[comune]]'') in the province [http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807094512/http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |date=2007-08-07 }}, see [[Comuni o the Province o Vibo Valentia]].

==Surnames==
14 maist common names in the Province o Vibo Valentia.
*1. [[Grillo]]
*2. [[Galati]]
*3. Tassone
*4. [[Russo]]
*5. [[Mazzeo]]
*6. [[Arena (disambiguation)|Arena]]
*7. [[Franze']]
*8. [[Greco (surname)|Greco]]
*9. [[Carnovale]]
*10. [[Mazzotta]]
*11. [[Mazzitelli]]
*12. [[Raf Vallone|Vallone]]
*13. [[Mario Maiolo|Maiolo]]
*14. [[Costa (surname)|Costa]]

==Freemit airtins==
* {{it icon}} [http://www.provinciavibovalentia.it Provincia di Vibo Valentia hamepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050121102741/http://www.provinciavibovalentia.it/ |date=2005-01-21 }}

{{Calabrie}}
{{Province o Vibo Valentia|nocat=yes}}

[[Category:Province o Vibo Valentia| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3085" sha1="hn2g17zbghdrs65j7ldhnrxji04os08" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox province
| name                    = Province o Vibo Valentia
| native_name_lang        = it
| settlement_type         = [[Provinces o Italy|Province]]
| image_map               = Map Province of Vibo Valentia.svg
| map_caption             = Map heichlichtin the location o the province o Vibo Valentia in Italy
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Italy}}
| subdivision_type1       = Region
| subdivision_name1       = [[Calabrie]]
| seat_type               = Caipital(s)
| seat                    = [[Vibo Valentia]]
| parts_type              = [[Comune|Comuni]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = 50
| leader_title            = Preses
| leader_name             = Francesco de Nisi
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2          = 1139
| population_total        = 168894
| population_as_of        = 2005
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 89811-89819, 89821-89824, 89831-89834, 89841-89844, 89851-89852, 89861-89868, 89900
| area_code_type          = Telephone prefix
| area_code               = 0963, 0966, 0968 
| registration_plate      = [[Italian caur number plates|VV]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 102
}}
The '''Province o Vibo Valentia''' ({{lang-it|'''Provincia di Vibo Valentia'''}}) is a [[Provinces o Italy|province]] in the [[Calabrie]] region o [[Italy]], set up bi a naitional law o 6 Mairch 1992 which came intae effect on 1 Januar 1996, an umwhile pairt o the [[Province o Catanzaro]]. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Vibo Valentia]] an its [[vehicle licence]] plate code is [[Italian license plates|VV]].

The Province haes an aurie o 1,139 km² (7.6% o the total surface o Calabrie), an a total population o 168,894 ([[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] 2005). Thare are 50 ''[[comuni]]'' (singular: ''[[comune]]'') in the province [http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807094512/http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |date=2007-08-07 }}, see [[Comuni o the Province o Vibo Valentia]].

==Surnames==
14 maist common names in the Province o Vibo Valentia.
*1. [[Grillo]]
*2. [[Galati]]
*3. Tassone
*4. [[Russo]]
*5. [[Mazzeo]]
*6. [[Arena (disambiguation)|Arena]]
*7. [[Franze']]
*8. [[Greco (surname)|Greco]]
*9. [[Carnovale]]
*10. [[Mazzotta]]
*11. [[Mazzitelli]]
*12. [[Raf Vallone|Vallone]]
*13. [[Mario Maiolo|Maiolo]]
*14. [[Costa (surname)|Costa]]

==Freemit airtins==
* {{it icon}} [http://www.provinciavibovalentia.it Provincia di Vibo Valentia hamepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050121102741/http://www.provinciavibovalentia.it/ |date=2005-01-21 }}

{{Calabrie}}
{{Province o Vibo Valentia|nocat=yes}}

[[Category:Province o Vibo Valentia| ]]</text>
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    <title>David Cameron</title>
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      <text bytes="9431" sha1="g4k3pifv2n9u97pyzi0w7uqqcvjhty9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = &lt;small&gt;[[The Richt Honourable]]&lt;/small&gt;
|name             = David Cameron
|birth_name=David William Donald Cameron
|honorific-suffix = 
|caption            = Cameron as Prime Meenister, 2010
|image            = David Cameron official.jpg
|office           = [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]]
|monarch          = [[Elizabeth II]]
|deputy           = [[Nick Clegg]] (2010-2015)
|1blankname   = First Secretary 
|1namedata     = [[William Hague]] (2010-15) &lt;br&gt; [[George Osborne]] (2015-16)
|term_start       = 11 Mey 2010
|term_end         = 13 Julie 2016
|predecessor      = [[Gordon Brown]]
|successor        = [[Theresa May]]
|office1          = [[Leader o the Opposition (Unitit Kinrick)|Leader o the Opposition]]
|monarch1         = [[Elizabeth II]]
|primeminister1   = [[Tony Blair]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gordon Brown]]
|deputy1            = [[William Hague]]
|term_start1      = 6 December 2005
|term_end1        = 11 Mey 2010
|predecessor1     = [[Michael Howard]]
|successor1       = [[Harriet Harman]]
|office2          = [[Leaders o the Conservative Pairty|Leader o the Conservative Pairty]]
|term_start2      = 6 December 2005
|term_end2        = 11 Julie 2016
|predecessor2     = [[Michael Howard]]
|successor2       = [[Theresa May]]
|office3          = Shaidae Secretary o State for Education an Skills
|leader3          = [[Michael Howard]]
|term_start3      = 6 Mey 2005
|term_end3        = 6 December 2005
|predecessor3     = [[Tim Yeo]]
|successor3       = [[David Willetts]]
|office4          = [[Memmer o Parliament (Unitit Kinrick)|Memmer o Parliament]] &lt;br&gt; for Witney
|term_start4      = 7 Juin 2001
|term_end4        = 12 September 2016
|predecessor4     = [[Shaun Woodward]]
|successor4       = [[Robert Courts]]
|majority4        = 22,740 (39.4%)
|birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1966|10|9|df=y}}
|birth_place      = [[Lunnon]], Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
|death_date       = 
|death_place      = 
|party            = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]]
|spouse           = [[Samantha Cameron|Samantha Sheffield]] &lt;small&gt;(1996–present)&lt;/small&gt;
|children         = Ivan Reginald Ian &lt;small&gt;(Deceased)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Nancy Gwen&lt;br&gt;Arthur Elwen&lt;br&gt;Florence Rose Endellion
|religion         = [[Kirk o England]] ([[Anglican]])
|residence        = [[10 Downing Street]]
|alma_mater       = [[Brasenose College, Oxford]]
|website          = [http://www.davidcameronmp.com/ Pairty wabsteid]
}}
'''David William Donald Cameron''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|ˈ|k|æ|m|ə|r|ə|n}}; born 9 October 1966) is an umwhile [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]], [[First Laird o the Treasury]], [[Meenister for the Ceevil Service]] an [[Leaders o the Conservative Pairty|Leader]] o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]]. He representit Witney as its [[Memmer o Parliament]] (MP).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.witneyconservatives.com/person/david-cameron-mp-witney-constituency|title=David Cameron - Witney Conservatives|date=6 May 2010|work=Witney Conservatives|publisher=Witney Conservatives|accessdate=22 December 2011|archive-date=2011-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224130836/http://www.witneyconservatives.com/person/david-cameron-mp-witney-constituency|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cameron identifies as a [[Ane-naition conservatism|Ane-Naition Conservative]], an haes been associatit wi baith [[economic leeberalism|economically leeberal]] an [[Social leeberalism|socially leeberal]] policies.

&lt;!--Early life and early political career--&gt;
Born in Lunnon tae walthy [[upper middle-cless]] parents, Cameron wis eddicatit at [[Heatherdown School]], [[Eton College]], an [[Brasenose College, Oxford]]. Frae 1988 til 1993 he wirked at the [[Conservative Research Department]], assistin the Conservative Prime Meenister [[John Major]], afore leavin politics tae wirk for [[Carlton Communications]] in 1994. Becomin ae MP in 2001, he serrt in the [[Offeecial Opposeetion Shaidae Cabinet (Unitit Kinrick)|opposition shaidae cabinet]] unner Conservative leader [[Michael Howard]], succeedin Howard in 2005. Cameron socht tae rebrand the Conservatives, embracin an increasinly socially leeberal position. The [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|2010 general election]] led tae Cameron becomin Prime Meenister as the heid o a [[Cameron–Clegg coaleetion|coaleetion govrenment]] wi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]] – the youngest hauder o the office sin the 1810s.&lt;ref name=Telegraph11May2009YoungestPM&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/david-cameron/7712545/David-Cameron-becomes-youngest-Prime-Minister-in-almost-200-years.html |title=David Cameron becomes youngest Prime Minister in almost 200 years |date=11 May 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=11 May 2010 |location=London |first=Andrew |last=Hough |archive-date=2010-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513031801/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/david-cameron/7712545/David-Cameron-becomes-youngest-Prime-Minister-in-almost-200-years.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; His [[Premiership o David Cameron|premiership]] wis merked bi the ongangin effects o the [[Financial creesis o 2007–08|late-2000s financial crisis]]; this involved a muckle deficit in govrenment finances that his govrenment socht tae reduce throu [[austerity]] meisurs. His administraction introduced muckle-scale chynges tae [[Welfare state in the Unitit Kinrick|welfare]], [[Unitit Kinrick immigration law|immigration policy]], [[Eddication in Ingland|eddication]], an [[Healcare in Ingland|healcare]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-sticks-to-his-guns-on-immigration-reduction-pledge-even-while-numbers-rise-9420749.html |title=David Cameron sticks to his guns on immigration reduction pledge even while numbers rise |last=Morris |first=Nigel |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=5 July 2014 |archive-date=2017-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825233824/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-sticks-to-his-guns-on-immigration-reduction-pledge-even-while-numbers-rise-9420749.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It privatised the [[Ryal Mail]] an some ither state assets, an legalised [[same-sex mairiage]].

&lt;!--Later Premiership--&gt;
Internaitionally, his govrenment [[Operation Ellamy|intervened militarily]] in the [[Libian Ceevil War (2011)|Libian Ceevil War]] an later authorised the bombin o the [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]]; domestically, his govrenment owersaw the [[Unitit Kinrick Alternative Vote referendum, 2011|referendum on votin reform]] an [[Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014|Scots unthirldom referendum]], baith o that confirmed Cameron's favoured ootcome. Whan the Conservatives siccared an unexpectit majority in the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]] he remaint as Prime Meenister, this time leadin a Conservative-anly govrenment. Tae fulfil a manifesto pledge, he introduced a [[Unitit Kinrick European Union membership referendum, 2016|referendum on the UK's conteenuin membership o the EU]]. Cameron supportit conteena'd membership; follaein the success o the Leave vote,&lt;ref name=bbc36615028&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028|title=EU referendum: UK votes to leave in historic referendum&amp;nbsp;– BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=24 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; he demittit for tae [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 2016|mak wey for a new Prime Meenister]] an wis succeedit bi [[Theresa May]].&lt;ref name=bbc36615028/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Guardian 2016-06-24&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Heather |last2=Mason |first2=Rowena |last3=Syal |first3=Rajeev |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/david-cameron-resigns-after-uk-votes-to-leave-european-union |title=David Cameron resigns after UK votes to leave European Union |work=The Guardian |date=24 June 2016 |quote=PM announces resignation following victory for leave supporters after divisive referendum campaign }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--Reception, legacy, and influence--&gt;
Cameron haes been praised for modrenisin the Conservative Pairty an for decreasin the Unitit Kinrick's naitional deficit. Conversely, he haes been criticised bi feegurs on baith the [[Left-wing politics|left]] an [[Richt-wing politics|richt]], an haes been accuised o political opportunism an [[elitism]].

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cameron, David}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Alumni o Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs]]
[[Category:David Cameron|David Cameron]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Eton College]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Heatherdown Preparatory School]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Lunnon]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Wast Berkshire]]
[[Category:Inglis Anglicans]]
[[Category:Inglis fowk o Scots strynd]]
[[Category:Honorary Fellaes o Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Leaders o the Conservative Pairty (UK)]]
[[Category:Leaders o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Members o the Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Inglis constituencies]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2001–2005]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9369" sha1="mp1y63k7adlim106kga4apkofy5r0qk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = &lt;small&gt;[[The Richt Honourable]]&lt;/small&gt;
|name             = David Cameron
|birth_name= David William Donald Cameron
|caption            = Cameron as Prime Meenister, 2010
|image            = David Cameron official.jpg
|office           = [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]]
|monarch          = [[Elizabeth II]]
|deputy           = [[Nick Clegg]] (2010-2015)
|1blankname   = First Secretary 
|1namedata     = [[William Hague]] (2010-15) &lt;br&gt; [[George Osborne]] (2015-16)
|term_start       = 11 Mey 2010
|term_end         = 13 Julie 2016
|predecessor      = [[Gordon Brown]]
|successor        = [[Theresa May]]
|office1          = [[Leader o the Opposition (Unitit Kinrick)|Leader o the Opposition]]
|monarch1         = [[Elizabeth II]]
|primeminister1   = [[Tony Blair]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gordon Brown]]
|deputy1            = [[William Hague]]
|term_start1      = 6 December 2005
|term_end1        = 11 Mey 2010
|predecessor1     = [[Michael Howard]]
|successor1       = [[Harriet Harman]]
|office2          = [[Leaders o the Conservative Pairty|Leader o the Conservative Pairty]]
|term_start2      = 6 December 2005
|term_end2        = 11 Julie 2016
|predecessor2     = [[Michael Howard]]
|successor2       = [[Theresa May]]
|office3          = Shaidae Secretary o State for Education an Skills
|leader3          = [[Michael Howard]]
|term_start3      = 6 Mey 2005
|term_end3        = 6 December 2005
|predecessor3     = [[Tim Yeo]]
|successor3       = [[David Willetts]]
|office4          = [[Memmer o Parliament (Unitit Kinrick)|Memmer o Parliament]] &lt;br&gt; for Witney
|term_start4      = 7 Juin 2001
|term_end4        = 12 September 2016
|predecessor4     = [[Shaun Woodward]]
|successor4       = [[Robert Courts]]
|majority4        = 22,740 (39.4%)
|birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1966|10|9|df=y}}
|birth_place      = [[Lunnon]], Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
|party            = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]]
|spouse           = [[Samantha Cameron|Samantha Sheffield]] &lt;small&gt;(1996–present)&lt;/small&gt;
|children         = Ivan Reginald Ian &lt;small&gt;(Deceased)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Nancy Gwen&lt;br&gt;Arthur Elwen&lt;br&gt;Florence Rose Endellion
|religion         = [[Kirk o England]] ([[Anglican]])
|residence        = [[10 Downing Street]]
|alma_mater       = [[Brasenose College, Oxford]]
|website          = [http://www.davidcameronmp.com/ Pairty wabsteid]
}}
'''David William Donald Cameron''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|ˈ|k|æ|m|ə|r|ə|n}}; born 9 October 1966) is an umwhile [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]], [[First Laird o the Treasury]], [[Meenister for the Ceevil Service]] an [[Leaders o the Conservative Pairty|Leader]] o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]]. He representit Witney as its [[Memmer o Parliament]] (MP).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.witneyconservatives.com/person/david-cameron-mp-witney-constituency|title=David Cameron - Witney Conservatives|date=6 May 2010|work=Witney Conservatives|publisher=Witney Conservatives|accessdate=22 December 2011|archive-date=2011-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224130836/http://www.witneyconservatives.com/person/david-cameron-mp-witney-constituency|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cameron identifies as a [[Ane-naition conservatism|Ane-Naition Conservative]], an haes been associatit wi baith [[economic leeberalism|economically leeberal]] an [[Social leeberalism|socially leeberal]] policies.

&lt;!--Early life and early political career--&gt;
Born in Lunnon tae walthy [[upper middle-cless]] parents, Cameron wis eddicatit at [[Heatherdown School]], [[Eton College]], an [[Brasenose College, Oxford]]. Frae 1988 til 1993 he wirked at the [[Conservative Research Department]], assistin the Conservative Prime Meenister [[John Major]], afore leavin politics tae wirk for [[Carlton Communications]] in 1994. Becomin ae MP in 2001, he serrt in the [[Offeecial Opposeetion Shaidae Cabinet (Unitit Kinrick)|opposition shaidae cabinet]] unner Conservative leader [[Michael Howard]], succeedin Howard in 2005. Cameron socht tae rebrand the Conservatives, embracin an increasinly socially leeberal position. The [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|2010 general election]] led tae Cameron becomin Prime Meenister as the heid o a [[Cameron–Clegg coaleetion|coaleetion govrenment]] wi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]] – the youngest hauder o the office sin the 1810s.&lt;ref name=Telegraph11May2009YoungestPM&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/david-cameron/7712545/David-Cameron-becomes-youngest-Prime-Minister-in-almost-200-years.html |title=David Cameron becomes youngest Prime Minister in almost 200 years |date=11 May 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=11 May 2010 |location=London |first=Andrew |last=Hough |archive-date=2010-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513031801/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/david-cameron/7712545/David-Cameron-becomes-youngest-Prime-Minister-in-almost-200-years.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; His [[Premiership o David Cameron|premiership]] wis merked bi the ongangin effects o the [[Financial creesis o 2007–08|late-2000s financial crisis]]; this involved a muckle deficit in govrenment finances that his govrenment socht tae reduce throu [[austerity]] meisurs. His administraction introduced muckle-scale chynges tae [[Welfare state in the Unitit Kinrick|welfare]], [[Unitit Kinrick immigration law|immigration policy]], [[Eddication in Ingland|eddication]], an [[Healcare in Ingland|healcare]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-sticks-to-his-guns-on-immigration-reduction-pledge-even-while-numbers-rise-9420749.html |title=David Cameron sticks to his guns on immigration reduction pledge even while numbers rise |last=Morris |first=Nigel |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=5 July 2014 |archive-date=2017-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825233824/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-sticks-to-his-guns-on-immigration-reduction-pledge-even-while-numbers-rise-9420749.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It privatised the [[Ryal Mail]] an some ither state assets, an legalised [[same-sex mairiage]].

&lt;!--Later Premiership--&gt;
Internaitionally, his govrenment [[Operation Ellamy|intervened militarily]] in the [[Libian Ceevil War (2011)|Libian Ceevil War]] an later authorised the bombin o the [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]]; domestically, his govrenment owersaw the [[Unitit Kinrick Alternative Vote referendum, 2011|referendum on votin reform]] an [[Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014|Scots unthirldom referendum]], baith o that confirmed Cameron's favoured ootcome. Whan the Conservatives siccared an unexpectit majority in the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]] he remaint as Prime Meenister, this time leadin a Conservative-anly govrenment. Tae fulfil a manifesto pledge, he introduced a [[Unitit Kinrick European Union membership referendum, 2016|referendum on the UK's conteenuin membership o the EU]]. Cameron supportit conteena'd membership; follaein the success o the Leave vote,&lt;ref name=bbc36615028&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028|title=EU referendum: UK votes to leave in historic referendum&amp;nbsp;– BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=24 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; he demittit for tae [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 2016|mak wey for a new Prime Meenister]] an wis succeedit bi [[Theresa May]].&lt;ref name=bbc36615028/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Guardian 2016-06-24&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Heather |last2=Mason |first2=Rowena |last3=Syal |first3=Rajeev |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/david-cameron-resigns-after-uk-votes-to-leave-european-union |title=David Cameron resigns after UK votes to leave European Union |work=The Guardian |date=24 June 2016 |quote=PM announces resignation following victory for leave supporters after divisive referendum campaign }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--Reception, legacy, and influence--&gt;
Cameron haes been praised for modrenisin the Conservative Pairty an for decreasin the Unitit Kinrick's naitional deficit. Conversely, he haes been criticised bi feegurs on baith the [[Left-wing politics|left]] an [[Richt-wing politics|richt]], an haes been accuised o political opportunism an [[elitism]].

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cameron, David}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Alumni o Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs]]
[[Category:David Cameron|David Cameron]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Eton College]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Heatherdown Preparatory School]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Lunnon]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Wast Berkshire]]
[[Category:Inglis Anglicans]]
[[Category:Inglis fowk o Scots strynd]]
[[Category:Honorary Fellaes o Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Leaders o the Conservative Pairty (UK)]]
[[Category:Leaders o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Members o the Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Inglis constituencies]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2001–2005]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6757" sha1="rgtqylao8dm6x1z9hdt3z4qcyxw4ya5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name            = Elvis Presley
| image           =Elvis Presley promoting Jailhouse Rock.jpg 
| caption         = 
| alt             = 
| birth_name      = Elvis Aaron Presley
| alias           = {{flatlist|
* The King of Rock and Roll
* The King
* Elvis
}}
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=yes|1935|1|8}}
| birth_place     = {{nowrap|[[Tupelo, Mississippi]], U.S.}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|8|16|1935|1|8}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S.}}
| death_cause = 
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Sangster
* sangwriter
* actor
}}
| years_active = 1953–1977
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Priscilla Presley|Priscilla Wagner Presley]]|1967|1973|divorcit}}
| relatives = [[Riley Keough]] (granddochter)
| children = [[Lisa Marie Presley]] (b. 1968)
| module= {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* guitar
* piano
}}
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Rock an roll]]
* [[Pop muisic|pop]]
* [[rockabilly]]
* [[country muisic|country]]
* [[blues]]
* [[gospel muisic|gospel]]
* [[rhythm an blues|R&amp;B]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Sun Records|Sun]]
* [[RCA Records|RCA Victor]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[The Blue Moon Boys]]
* [[The Jordanaires]]
* [[The Imperials]]
}}
| website = {{url|elvis.com}}
}}
}}
'''Elvis Aaron Presley'''{{ref|fn a|a}} (8 Januar 1935 – 16 August 1977) wis an American sangster an actor. A cultural icon, he is commonly kent bi the [[Mononymous person|single name]] '''Elvis'''. Ane o the maist popular muisickers o the 20t century, he is aften referred tae as the &quot;Keeng o Rock an Roll&quot; or simply &quot;the Keeng&quot;.

Born in [[Tupelo, Mississippi]], Presley muivit tae [[Memphis, Tennessee]], wi his faimily at the age o 13. He began his career thare in 1954, wirkin wi [[Sun Records]] awner [[Sam Phillips]], who wantit tae bring the soond o [[African-American muisic]] tae a wider audience. Accompaniet bi guitarist [[Scotty Moore]] an bassist [[Bill Black]], Presley wis the maist important populariser o [[rockabilly]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Pop Chronicles |7}}&lt;/ref&gt; an uptempo, [[Backbeat (muisic)|backbeat]]-driven fusion o [[country muisic|country]] an [[rhythm an blues]]. [[RCA Victor]] acquired his contract in a deal arrangit bi [[Colonel Tom Parker]], who went on tae manage the sangster for ower twa decades. Presley's first RCA single, &quot;[[Heartbreak Hotel]]&quot;, released in Januar 1956, wis a nummer-ane hit. He became the leadin figur o the newly popular soond o [[rock an roll]] wi a series o netwirk telly appearances an chairt-toppin records. His energisit interpretations o sangs, mony frae [[African-American]] sources, an his uninhibitit performance style made him enormously popular—an controversial. In November 1956, he made his film debut in ''[[Love Me Tender (1956 film)|Love Me Tender]]''.

Draftit intae militar service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recordin career twa years later wi some o his maist commercially successful wirk. He stagit few concerts housomeivver, an guidit bi Parker, proceedit tae devote hintle o the 1960s tae makkin Hollywood movies an soondtrack albums, maist o them creetically deridit. In 1968, efter seiven years awa frae the stage, he returned tae live performance in a celebratit [[Elvis (1968 TV program)|comeback televeesion special]] that led tae an extendit [[Las Vegas]] concert residency an a string o profitable tours. In 1973 Presley stagit the first concert broadcast globally via satellite, ''[[Aloha from Hawaii]]''. Prescription drug abuis severely compromisit his health, an he dee'd suddenly in 1977 at the age o 42.

Presley is regardit as ane o the maist important figurs o 20t-century popular cultur. He haed a versatile voice an unuisually wide success encompassin mony genres, includin country, [[Pop muisic|pop]] [[ballad]]s, [[Gospel muisic|gospel]], and [[blues]]. He is the best-selling solo airtist in the history o popular muisic.{{sfn|Reaves|2002}}{{sfn|Victor|2008|pp=438–39}}{{sfn|Semon|Jorgensen|2001}}{{sfn|Collins|2002}} Nominatit for 14 competitive [[Grammy Award|Grammys]], he wan three, an receivit the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] at age 36. He haes been inducted intae multiple muisic [[:en:List of hall of fame inducting Elvis Presley|haws o fame]].

== Albums ==
* Elvis Presley (1956)
* Elvis (1956)
* Elvis' Christmas Album (1957)
* Elvis is Back! (1960)
* His Hand in Mine (1960)
* Something for Everybody (1961)
* Pot Luck (1962)
* Elvis for Everyone! (1965)
* How Great Thou Art (1967)
* From Elvis in Memphis (1969)
* From Memphis to Vegas / From Vegas to Memphis (1969)
* That's the Way It Is (1970)
* Elvis Country (I'm 10,000 Years Old) (1971)
* Love Letters from Elvis (1971)
* Elvis sings The Wonderful World of Christmas (1971)
* Elvis Now (1972)
* He Touched Me (1972)
* Elvis (1973) 
* Raised on Rock / For Ol' Times Sake (1973)
* Good Times (1974)
* Promised Land (1975)
* Today (1975)
* From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (1976)
* Moody Blue (1977)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Presley, Elvis}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1977 daiths]]
[[Category:20t-hunderyear actors]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Tennessee]]
[[Category:American baritones]]
[[Category:American blues sangsters]]
[[Category:American country sangsters]]
[[Category:American crooners]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American gospel sangsters]]
[[Category:American karateka]]
[[Category:American Pentecostals]]
[[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]]
[[Category:American performers o Christian muisic]]
[[Category:American rock sangsters]]
[[Category:Blues muisickers frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Buirials in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Daiths frae myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:Elvis Presley| ]]
[[Category:Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Identical twins]]
[[Category:Million Dollar Quartet memmers]]
[[Category:Mississippi Blues Trail]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Tennessee]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Humes Heich Schuil]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Memphis, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Tupelo, Mississippi]]
[[Category:RCA Victor airtists]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rockabilly Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rockabilly muisickers]]
[[Category:Soothren Gospel performers]]
[[Category:Sun Records airtists]]
[[Category:Tank personnel]]
[[Category:Tradeetional pop muisic sangsters]]
[[Category:Twin fowk frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]]


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      <text bytes="6758" sha1="pcysyrcyz84mjkw6hnbqmu560z6vbkk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name            = Elvis Presley
| image           =Elvis Presley promoting Jailhouse Rock.jpg 
| caption         = 
| alt             = 
| birth_name      = Elvis Aaron Presley
| alias           = {{flatlist|
* The King of Rock and Roll
* The King
* Elvis
}}
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=yes|1935|1|8}}
| birth_place     = {{nowrap|[[Tupelo, Mississippi]], U.S.}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|8|16|1935|1|8}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S.}}
| death_cause = 
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Sangster
* sangwriter
* actor
}}
| years_active = 1953–1977
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Priscilla Presley|Priscilla Wagner Presley]]|1967|1973|divorcit}}
| relatives = [[Riley Keough]] (granddochter)
| children = [[Lisa Marie Presley]] (b. 1968)
| module= {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* guitar
* piano
}}
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Rock an roll]]
* [[Pop muisic|pop]]
* [[rockabilly]]
* [[country muisic|country]]
* [[blues]]
* [[gospel muisic|gospel]]
* [[rhythm an blues|R&amp;B]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Sun Records|Sun]]
* [[RCA Records|RCA Victor]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[The Blue Moon Boys]]
* [[The Jordanaires]]
* [[The Imperials]]
}}
| website = {{url|elvis.com}}
}}
}}
'''Elvis Aaron Presley'''{{ref|fn a|a}} (8 Januar 1935 – 16 August 1977) wis an American sangster an actor. A cultural icon, he is commonly kent bi the [[Mononymous person|single name]] '''Elvis'''. Ane o the maist popular muisickers o the 20t century, he is aften referred tae as the &quot;Keeng o Rock an Roll&quot; or simply &quot;the Keeng&quot;.

Born in [[Tupelo, Mississippi]], Presley muivit tae [[Memphis, Tennessee]], wi his faimily at the age o 13. He began his career thare in 1954, wirkin wi [[Sun Records]] awner [[Sam Phillips]], who wantit tae bring the soond o [[African-American muisic]] tae a wider audience. Accompaniet bi guitarist [[Scotty Moore]] an bassist [[Bill Black]], Presley wis the maist important populariser o [[rockabilly]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Pop Chronicles |7}}&lt;/ref&gt; an uptempo, [[Backbeat (muisic)|backbeat]]-driven fusion o [[country muisic|country]] an [[rhythm an blues]]. [[RCA Victor]] acquired his contract in a deal arrangit bi [[Colonel Tom Parker]], who went on tae manage the sangster for ower twa decades. Presley's first RCA single, &quot;[[Heartbreak Hotel]]&quot;, released in Januar 1956, wis a nummer-ane hit. He became the leadin figur o the newly popular soond o [[rock an roll]] wi a series o netwirk telly appearances an chairt-toppin records. His energisit interpretations o sangs, mony frae [[African-American]] sources, an his uninhibitit performance style made him enormously popular—an controversial. In November 1956, he made his film debut in ''[[Love Me Tender (1956 film)|Love Me Tender]]''.

Draftit intae militar service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recordin career twa years later wi some o his maist commercially successful wirk. He stagit few concerts housomeivver, an guidit bi Parker, proceedit tae devote hintle o the 1960s tae makkin Hollywood movies an soondtrack albums, maist o them creetically deridit. In 1968, efter seiven years awa frae the stage, he returned tae live performance in a celebratit [[Elvis (1968 TV program)|comeback televeesion special]] that led tae an extendit [[Las Vegas]] concert residency an a string o profitable tours. In 1973 Presley stagit the first concert broadcast globally via satellite, ''[[Aloha from Hawaii]]''. Prescription drug abuis severely compromisit his health, an he dee'd suddenly in 1977 at the age o 42.

Presley is regardit as ane o the maist important figurs o 20t-century popular cultur. He haed a versatile voice an unuisually wide success encompassin mony genres, includin country, [[Pop muisic|pop]] [[ballad]]s, [[Gospel muisic|gospel]], and [[blues]]. He is the best-selling solo airtist in the history o popular muisic.{{sfn|Reaves|2002}}{{sfn|Victor|2008|pp=438–39}}{{sfn|Semon|Jorgensen|2001}}{{sfn|Collins|2002}} Nominatit for 14 competitive [[Grammy Award|Grammys]], he wan three, an receivit the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] at age 36. He haes been inducted intae multiple muisic [[:en:List of hall of fame inducting Elvis Presley|haws o fame]].

== Albums ==
* Elvis Presley (1956)
* Elvis (1956)
* Elvis' Christmas Album (1957)
* Elvis is Back! (1960)
* His Hand in Mine (1960)
* Something for Everybody (1961)
* Pot Luck (1962)
* Elvis for Everyone! (1965)
* How Great Thou Art (1967)
* From Elvis in Memphis (1969)
* From Memphis to Vegas / From Vegas to Memphis (1969)
* That's the Way It Is (1970)
* Elvis Country (I'm 10,000 Years Old) (1971)
* Love Letters from Elvis (1971)
* Elvis sings The Wonderful World of Christmas (1971)
* Elvis Now (1972)
* He Touched Me (1972)
* Elvis (1973) 
* Raised on Rock / For Ol' Times Sake (1973)
* Good Times (1974)
* Promised Land (1975)
* Today (1975)
* From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (1976)
* Moody Blue (1977)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Presley, Elvis}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1977 daiths]]
[[Category:20t-hunderyear actors]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Tennessee]]
[[Category:American baritones]]
[[Category:American blues sangsters]]
[[Category:American country sangsters]]
[[Category:American crooners]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American gospel sangsters]]
[[Category:American karateka]]
[[Category:American Pentecostals]]
[[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]]
[[Category:American performers o Christian muisic]]
[[Category:American rock sangsters]]
[[Category:Blues muisickers frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Buirials in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Daiths frae myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:Elvis Presley| ]]
[[Category:Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Identical twins]]
[[Category:Million Dollar Quartet memmers]]
[[Category:Mississippi Blues Trail]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Tennessee]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Humes Heich Schuil]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Memphis, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Tupelo, Mississippi]]
[[Category:RCA Victor airtists]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rockabilly Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rockabilly muisickers]]
[[Category:Soothren Gospel performers]]
[[Category:Sun Records airtists]]
[[Category:Tank personnel]]
[[Category:Tradeetional pop muisic sangsters]]
[[Category:Twin fowk frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]]


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      <text bytes="6717" sha1="s0eiq1ioww7cupw82of2mvt5djd90j0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name            = Elvis Presley
| image           = Elvis Presley promoting Jailhouse Rock.jpg 
| birth_name      = Elvis Aaron Presley
| alias           = {{flatlist|
* The King of Rock and Roll
* The King
* Elvis
}}
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=yes|1935|1|8}}
| birth_place     = {{nowrap|[[Tupelo, Mississippi]], U.S.}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|8|16|1935|1|8}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S.}}
| death_cause = 
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Sangster
* sangwriter
* actor
}}
| years_active = 1953–1977
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Priscilla Presley|Priscilla Wagner Presley]]|1967|1973|divorcit}}
| relatives = [[Riley Keough]] (granddochter)
| children = [[Lisa Marie Presley]] (b. 1968)
| module= {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* guitar
* piano
}}
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Rock an roll]]
* [[Pop muisic|pop]]
* [[rockabilly]]
* [[country muisic|country]]
* [[blues]]
* [[gospel muisic|gospel]]
* [[rhythm an blues|R&amp;B]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Sun Records|Sun]]
* [[RCA Records|RCA Victor]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[The Blue Moon Boys]]
* [[The Jordanaires]]
* [[The Imperials]]
}}
| website = {{url|elvis.com}}
}}
}}
'''Elvis Aaron Presley'''{{ref|fn a|a}} (8 Januar 1935 – 16 August 1977) wis an American sangster an actor. A cultural icon, he is commonly kent bi the [[Mononymous person|single name]] '''Elvis'''. Ane o the maist popular muisickers o the 20t century, he is aften referred tae as the &quot;Keeng o Rock an Roll&quot; or simply &quot;the Keeng&quot;.

Born in [[Tupelo, Mississippi]], Presley muivit tae [[Memphis, Tennessee]], wi his faimily at the age o 13. He began his career thare in 1954, wirkin wi [[Sun Records]] awner [[Sam Phillips]], who wantit tae bring the soond o [[African-American muisic]] tae a wider audience. Accompaniet bi guitarist [[Scotty Moore]] an bassist [[Bill Black]], Presley wis the maist important populariser o [[rockabilly]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Pop Chronicles |7}}&lt;/ref&gt; an uptempo, [[Backbeat (muisic)|backbeat]]-driven fusion o [[country muisic|country]] an [[rhythm an blues]]. [[RCA Victor]] acquired his contract in a deal arrangit bi [[Colonel Tom Parker]], who went on tae manage the sangster for ower twa decades. Presley's first RCA single, &quot;[[Heartbreak Hotel]]&quot;, released in Januar 1956, wis a nummer-ane hit. He became the leadin figur o the newly popular soond o [[rock an roll]] wi a series o netwirk telly appearances an chairt-toppin records. His energisit interpretations o sangs, mony frae [[African-American]] sources, an his uninhibitit performance style made him enormously popular—an controversial. In November 1956, he made his film debut in ''[[Love Me Tender (1956 film)|Love Me Tender]]''.

Draftit intae militar service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recordin career twa years later wi some o his maist commercially successful wirk. He stagit few concerts housomeivver, an guidit bi Parker, proceedit tae devote hintle o the 1960s tae makkin Hollywood movies an soondtrack albums, maist o them creetically deridit. In 1968, efter seiven years awa frae the stage, he returned tae live performance in a celebratit [[Elvis (1968 TV program)|comeback televeesion special]] that led tae an extendit [[Las Vegas]] concert residency an a string o profitable tours. In 1973 Presley stagit the first concert broadcast globally via satellite, ''[[Aloha from Hawaii]]''. Prescription drug abuis severely compromisit his health, an he dee'd suddenly in 1977 at the age o 42.

Presley is regardit as ane o the maist important figurs o 20t-century popular cultur. He haed a versatile voice an unuisually wide success encompassin mony genres, includin country, [[Pop muisic|pop]] [[ballad]]s, [[Gospel muisic|gospel]], and [[blues]]. He is the best-selling solo airtist in the history o popular muisic.{{sfn|Reaves|2002}}{{sfn|Victor|2008|pp=438–39}}{{sfn|Semon|Jorgensen|2001}}{{sfn|Collins|2002}} Nominatit for 14 competitive [[Grammy Award|Grammys]], he wan three, an receivit the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] at age 36. He haes been inducted intae multiple muisic [[:en:List of hall of fame inducting Elvis Presley|haws o fame]].

== Albums ==
* Elvis Presley (1956)
* Elvis (1956)
* Elvis' Christmas Album (1957)
* Elvis is Back! (1960)
* His Hand in Mine (1960)
* Something for Everybody (1961)
* Pot Luck (1962)
* Elvis for Everyone! (1965)
* How Great Thou Art (1967)
* From Elvis in Memphis (1969)
* From Memphis to Vegas / From Vegas to Memphis (1969)
* That's the Way It Is (1970)
* Elvis Country (I'm 10,000 Years Old) (1971)
* Love Letters from Elvis (1971)
* Elvis sings The Wonderful World of Christmas (1971)
* Elvis Now (1972)
* He Touched Me (1972)
* Elvis (1973) 
* Raised on Rock / For Ol' Times Sake (1973)
* Good Times (1974)
* Promised Land (1975)
* Today (1975)
* From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (1976)
* Moody Blue (1977)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Presley, Elvis}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1977 daiths]]
[[Category:20t-hunderyear actors]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Tennessee]]
[[Category:American baritones]]
[[Category:American blues sangsters]]
[[Category:American country sangsters]]
[[Category:American crooners]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American gospel sangsters]]
[[Category:American karateka]]
[[Category:American Pentecostals]]
[[Category:American fowk o Cherokee strynd]]
[[Category:American performers o Christian muisic]]
[[Category:American rock sangsters]]
[[Category:Blues muisickers frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Buirials in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Daiths frae myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:Elvis Presley| ]]
[[Category:Gospel Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Identical twins]]
[[Category:Million Dollar Quartet memmers]]
[[Category:Mississippi Blues Trail]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Mississippi]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Tennessee]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Humes Heich Schuil]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Memphis, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Tupelo, Mississippi]]
[[Category:RCA Victor airtists]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rockabilly Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rockabilly muisickers]]
[[Category:Soothren Gospel performers]]
[[Category:Sun Records airtists]]
[[Category:Tank personnel]]
[[Category:Tradeetional pop muisic sangsters]]
[[Category:Twin fowk frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Unitit States Airmy sodgers]]


{{Stub/USA}}
{{Stub/Muisic}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Utrecht</title>
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      <text bytes="4760" sha1="tc88vvl0ho08v4h6i3xr85nd655ebtr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Utrecht
|image_skyline = Oudegracht Utrecht 2.jpg
|image_caption = [[Oudegracht]]
|skylinesize = 250px
|image_map = Map_-_NL_-_Municipality_code_0344_(2009).svg
|mapsize = 250px
|image_flag = Flag of Utrecht city.svg
|image_shield = Utrecht gemeente wapen.svg
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_name = {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = {{Flagicon|Utrecht}} [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]]
|area_footnotes = (2006)
|area_total_km2 = 99.32
|area_land_km2 = 95.67
|area_water_km2 = 3.64
|population_as_of = 1 Februar 2012
|population_note = Source: [[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]]
|settlement_type = [[Ceety]] an [[municipality]]
|population_total = 316,448
|population_density_km2 = 3279
|population_metro = 640,000
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
|area_code = 30
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|coordinates = {{coord|52|05|36|N|5|7|10|E|display=inline}}
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Aleid Wolfsen
}}
'''Utrecht''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|juː|t|r|ɛ|k|t}}; {{IPA-nl|ˈytrɛxt|-|Nl-Utrecht.ogg}}) ceety an municipality is the caipital an maist populous ceety o the Dutch province o [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]]. It is locatit in the eastren corner o the [[Randstad]] conurbation, an is the fowert lairgest ceety o the [[Netherlands]] wi a population o 316,448 on 1 Februar 2012.

Utrecht's auncient ceety centre features mony biggins an structurs frae the [[Early Middle Ages]]. It haes been the releegious centre o the Netherlands syne the aicht century. Currently it is the see o the [[:en:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht|Airchbishop o Utrecht]], the maist important Dutch Roman Catholic leader.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Aartsbisdom Utrecht|url=http://www.aartsbisdom.nl/|language=Dutch|accessdate=2007-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Katholiek Nederland|url=http://www.katholieknederland.nl/|language=Dutch|accessdate=2007-12-10|archive-date=2010-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004021841/http://www.katholieknederland.nl/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Utrecht is the see o the airchbishop o the [[Auld Catholic]] kirk, titular heid o the [[Union o Utrecht (Auld Catholic)]], an the location o the offices o the main [[Protestant Kirk in the Netherlands|Protestant kirkj]]. Till the [[Dutch Gowden Age]] Utrecht wis the ceety o maist importance o the Netherlands till Amsterdam became its cultural an maist populous centre.

Utrecht is host tae [[Utrecht University]], the lairgest university o the Netherlands, as well as several ither institutes for heicher education. Due tae its central position athin the kintra, it is an important transport hub for baith rail an [[road transport]]. It haes the seicont heichest nummer o cultural events in the Netherlands, efter Amsterdam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Umon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Gemeente Utrecht|title=Utrecht Monitor 2007|language=Dutch|url=http://www.utrecht.nl/images/Secretarie/Bestuursinformatie/Publicaties2007/UM2007/UtrechtMonitor2007.pdf|accessdate=2008-01-06|archive-date=2016-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206065523/http://www.utrecht.nl/images/Secretarie/Bestuursinformatie/Publicaties2007/UM2007/UtrechtMonitor2007.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{See an aw|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in the Netherlands}}

===Twin touns===
Utrecht is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
* {{Flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[León, Nicaragua|León]], Nicaragua
* {{Flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic&lt;ref name=&quot;Brno&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&amp;nav01=34&amp;nav03=1010&amp;nav04=1016&amp;nav05=1249&amp;nav06=1272|title=Brno – Partnerská města|publisher=City of Brno|language=Czech|accessdate=2009-07-17|archive-date=2011-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523100252/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&amp;nav01=34&amp;nav03=1010&amp;nav04=1016&amp;nav05=1249&amp;nav06=1272|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Pekanbaru]], Indonesie
* {{Flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Kinshasa]], Democratic Republic o the Congo
* previously {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Hanover]], Germany, atween 1970 an 1976

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Principal ceeties o the Netherlands}}
{{Province Utrecht}}
{{Dutch caipital ceeties}}
{{Dutch municipality Utrecht}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Utrecht (Ceety)}}
[[Category:Utrecht (ceety)| ]]
[[Category:40s establishments]]
[[Category:Ceeties in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Municipalities o Utrecht (province)]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Utrecht (province)]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Rhine]]
[[Category:Provincial caipitals o the Netherlands]]
[[Category:2015 Tour de France places]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Voskevan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1179" sha1="ikzzmj76oxtx9377zpxbd82yj4909pa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Voskevan
|native_name = Ոսկեվան 
|pushpin_map            = Armenia
|mapsize                = 150px
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = [[Armenie]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Armenie|Marz (Province)]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tavush Province|Tavush]]
|population_as_of         = 2008
|population_total = 1397
|timezone = &amp;nbsp;
|utc_offset             = +4
|timezone_DST           = &amp;nbsp; 
|utc_offset_DST         = +5
|coordinates            = {{coord|41|07|09|N|45|03|55|E|region:AM|display=inline}}
|website                = [https://voskevan.am voskevan.am]
}}
'''Voskevan''' ({{lang-hy|Ոսկեվան}}; umwhile, '''Koshkotan''') is a toun in the [[Tavush Province]] o [[Armenie]].

== References ==
*{{GEOnet2|32FA881E67FA3774E0440003BA962ED3}}
*[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-17&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;pt=c&amp;va=x World Gazeteer: Armenia]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} &amp;ndash; World-Gazetteer.com
*{{ArmenianCensus|116}}

{{Tavush}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Tavush Province]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Martina Navratilova</title>
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      <text bytes="4981" sha1="6x4806g9glbeiabq4fbujoq7xr8ydop" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tennis biography
|name = Martina Navratilova&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Martina Navrátilová&lt;/small&gt;
|image= Navratilova-PragueOpen2006-05 cropped.jpg
|country = {{flag|Czechoslovakie}} (1956–1975)&lt;br /&gt;{{USA}}&lt;br /&gt; (1975–present)&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Czech Republic}} (2008–present)
|residence = [[Sarasota, Florida|Sarasota]], [[Florida]], USA
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1956|10|18}}
|birth_place = [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakie]]
|height = {{height|m=1.73|precision=0}}
|weight = {{convert|65.5|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro = 1975
|retired= 1994–1999, 2006
|plays = Left-haundit; ane-haundit backhaund
|careerprizemoney = US$21,626,089&lt;br /&gt;(6t in aw-time rankins)
|tennishofyear = 2000
|tennishofid = martina-navratilova
|singlesrecord = 1,442–219 (86.8%)
|singlestitles = 167 &lt;small&gt;(Open era record)&lt;/small&gt;
|highestsinglesranking = No. 1 (10 Julie 1978)
|AustralianOpenresult = '''W''' ([[1981 Australian Open – Women's Singles|1981]], 1983, 1985)|
|AustralianOpenseniorresult = 
|FrenchOpenresult = '''W''' (1982, 1984)|
|FrenchOpenseniorresult = 
|Wimbledonresult = '''W''' (1978, 1979, 1982,, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990)|
|Wimbledonseniorresult  =
|USOpenresult = '''W''' (1983, 1984, 1986, 1987)
|USOpenseniorresult     = 
|Othertournaments = Yes
|WTAChampionshipsresult = '''W''' (1978, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 &lt;small&gt;(1)&lt;/small&gt;, 1986 &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;)
|doublesrecord = 747–143 (83.9%)
|doublestitles = 177 &lt;small&gt;(Open era record)&lt;/small&gt;
|highestdoublesranking = No. 1 (September 10, 1984)
|grandslamsdoublesresults = Yes
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' (1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989)
|AustralianOpenDoublesseniorresult =
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' (1975, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988)
|FrenchOpenDoublesseniorresult =
|WimbledonDoublesresult = '''W''' (1976, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986)
|WimbledonDoublesseniorresult =
|USOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' (1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990)
|USOpenDoublesseniorresult =
|OthertournamentsDoubles = Yes
|WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult= '''W''' (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984,&lt;br&gt; 1985, 1986&lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;, 1987, 1988,&lt;br&gt; 1989, 1991)(aw-time record)&lt;/small&gt;
| OlympicsDoublesresult     =
| Mixed = Yes
| mixedtitles = 15
| mixedrecord =
| AustralianOpenMixedresult = '''W''' (2003)
| FrenchOpenMixedresult = '''W''' (1974, 1985)
| WimbledonMixedresult = '''W''' (1985, 1993, 1995, 2003)
| USOpenMixedresult = '''W''' (1985, 1987, 2006)
| OthertournamentsMixedDoubles =
|updated =8 Julie 2012
}}

'''Martina Navratilova''' ({{lang-cs|Martina Navrátilová}}; born '''Martina Šubertová'''; October 18, 1956) is a retired [[Czech American]] tennis player an coach, an a umwhile Warld No. 1. [[Billie Jean King]] said aboot Navratilova in 2006, &quot;She's the greatest singles, doubles an mixed doubles player that's iver livit.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | author = Bonnie DeSimone | date = September 11, 2006 |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen06/news/story?id=2578105 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |title=Act II of Navratilova's career ends with a win |accessdate=February 14, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Navratilova, Martina}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Prague]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Sarasota, Florida]]
[[Category:American female tennis players]]
[[Category:American fowk o Czech strynd]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Breast cancer survivors]]
[[Category:Czech female tennis players]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak defectors]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak emigrants tae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak female tennis players]]
[[Category:French Open champions]]
[[Category:GLAAD Media Award winners]]
[[Category:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK) contestants]]
[[Category:Internaitional Tennis Haw o Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Philippe Chatrier Award]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:LGBT sportsfowk frae the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:LGBT sportsfowk frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:LGBT fowk frae the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Recipients o Medal o Merit (Czech Republic)]]
[[Category:Tennis commentators]]
[[Category:Tennis fowk frae Florida]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Wimbledon champions]]
[[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]]
[[Category:Lesbian sportsweemen]]
[[Category:Czech anti-communists]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in weemen's singles]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in weemen's doobles]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doobles]]
[[Category:American vegans]]


{{Stub/Europe}}
{{Stub/USA}}
{{Stub/Sport}}
{{authority control}}</text>
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      <text bytes="4985" sha1="5at2ffck9p7xud9ggg7ng9yd1g74vwb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tennis biography
|name = Martina Navratilova&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Martina Navrátilová&lt;/small&gt;
|image= Navratilova-PragueOpen2006-05 cropped.jpg
|country = {{flag|Czechoslovakie}} (1956–1975)&lt;br /&gt;{{USA}}&lt;br /&gt; (1975–present)&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Czech Republic}} (2008–present)
|residence = [[Sarasota, Florida|Sarasota]], [[Florida]], USA
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1956|10|18}}
|birth_place = [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakie]]
|height = {{height|m=1.73|precision=0}}
|weight = {{convert|65.5|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|turnedpro = 1975
|retired= 1994–1999, 2006
|plays = Left-haundit; ane-haundit backhaund
|careerprizemoney = US$21,626,089&lt;br /&gt;(6t in aw-time rankins)
|tennishofyear = 2000
|tennishofid = martina-navratilova
|singlesrecord = 1,442–219 (86.8%)
|singlestitles = 167 &lt;small&gt;(Open era record)&lt;/small&gt;
|highestsinglesranking = No. 1 (10 Julie 1978)
|AustralianOpenresult = '''W''' ([[1981 Australian Open – Women's Singles|1981]], 1983, 1985)|
|AustralianOpenseniorresult = 
|FrenchOpenresult = '''W''' (1982, 1984)|
|FrenchOpenseniorresult = 
|Wimbledonresult = '''W''' (1978, 1979, 1982,, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990)|
|Wimbledonseniorresult  =
|USOpenresult = '''W''' (1983, 1984, 1986, 1987)
|USOpenseniorresult     = 
|Othertournaments = Yes
|WTAChampionshipsresult = '''W''' (1978, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 &lt;small&gt;(1)&lt;/small&gt;, 1986 &lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;)
|doublesrecord = 747–143 (83.9%)
|doublestitles = 177 &lt;small&gt;(Open era record)&lt;/small&gt;
|highestdoublesranking = No. 1 (September 10, 1984)
|grandslamsdoublesresults = Yes
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' (1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989)
|AustralianOpenDoublesseniorresult =
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' (1975, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988)
|FrenchOpenDoublesseniorresult =
|WimbledonDoublesresult = '''W''' (1976, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986)
|WimbledonDoublesseniorresult =
|USOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' (1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990)
|USOpenDoublesseniorresult =
|OthertournamentsDoubles = Yes
|WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult= '''W''' (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984,&lt;br&gt; 1985, 1986&lt;small&gt;(2)&lt;/small&gt;, 1987, 1988,&lt;br&gt; 1989, 1991)(aw-time record)&lt;/small&gt;
| OlympicsDoublesresult     =
| Mixed = Yes
| mixedtitles = 15
| mixedrecord =
| AustralianOpenMixedresult = '''W''' (2003)
| FrenchOpenMixedresult = '''W''' (1974, 1985)
| WimbledonMixedresult = '''W''' (1985, 1993, 1995, 2003)
| USOpenMixedresult = '''W''' (1985, 1987, 2006)
| OthertournamentsMixedDoubles =
|updated =8 Julie 2012
}}

'''Martina Navratilova''' ({{lang-cs|Martina Navrátilová}}; born '''Martina Šubertová'''; born 18 October 1956) is a retired [[Czech American]] tennis player an coach, an a umwhile Warld No. 1. [[Billie Jean King]] said aboot Navratilova in 2006, &quot;She's the greatest singles, doubles an mixed doubles player that's iver livit.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | author = Bonnie DeSimone | date = September 11, 2006 |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen06/news/story?id=2578105 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |title=Act II of Navratilova's career ends with a win |accessdate=February 14, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Navratilova, Martina}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Prague]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Sarasota, Florida]]
[[Category:American female tennis players]]
[[Category:American fowk o Czech strynd]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Breast cancer survivors]]
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      <text bytes="16331" sha1="d1ca49ir6ee8kdv59c3sjiflxghppju" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Gangnam-gu
| official_name           = 강남구 · 江南區
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = kr
| settlement_type         = [[Leet o destricts o Seoul|Destrict]]
&lt;!-- images, nickname, motto ---&gt;
| image_skyline           =
| imagesize               =
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Gangnam station aurie
| image_flag              = 
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| seal_alt                =
| image_shield            =
| shield_alt              =
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;
| image_map               = Seoul Gangnam-gu.svg
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o Gangnam-gu in [[Seoul]]
| image_dot_map           =
| dot_mapsize             =
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| dot_map_caption         =
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| coordinates_footnotes   = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Sooth Korea}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Leet o regions o Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Direct-controlled municipality#Sooth Korea|Special Ceety]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Seoul]]
| subdivision_type3       = Administrative dong
| subdivision_name3       = 26
&lt;!-- established ---------------&gt;
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| named_for               =
&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;
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| seat                    =
&lt;!-- government type, leaders --&gt;
| government_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
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&lt;!-- display settings  ---------&gt;
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| area_footnotes          = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 39.55
| area_total_sq_mi        = &lt;!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --&gt;
| area_land_km2           =
| area_land_sq_mi         =
| area_water_km2          =
| area_water_sq_mi        =
| area_water_percent      =
| area_note               =
&lt;!-- elevation -----------------&gt;
| elevation_footnotes     = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_ft            =
&lt;!-- population ----------------&gt;
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;kosispop&quot;&gt;[http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) &gt; Population and Household &gt; Census Result (2010) &gt; Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826055149/http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |date=2013-08-26 }}, Retrieved 2010-06-02.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 527,641
| population_as_of        = 2010
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&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;
| timezone1               = [[Korea Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
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| utc_offset1_DST         =
&lt;!-- postal codes, area code ---&gt;
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| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          = &lt;!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --&gt;
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&lt;!-- website, footnotes --------&gt;
| website                 = [http://global.gangnam.go.kr/globalIndex.do?lang=en Gangnam-gu official website]
| footnotes               =
}}

'''Gangnam-gu''' (강남구; 江南區, {{lang-sco|Gangnam Destrict}}) is ane o the 25 ''[[Admeenistrative diviisions o Sooth Korea|gu]]'' (local govrenment destricts) which mak up the ceety o [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. Gangnam (강남; 江南) is leeterally &quot;Sooth o the (Han) River&quot;.  As o the 2010 census, Gangnam Destrict haed a population o 527,641,&lt;ref name=&quot;kosispop&quot;/&gt; makkin it the 4t maist populatit destrict in Seoul.  Gangnam Destrict is the third lairgest destrict in Seoul wi an aurie o 39.5&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.

==Admeenistration==
Gangnam is ane o three ''[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|gu]]'' that mak up the [[Gangnam (3 Destricts)|Greater Gangnam Aurie]] alang wi neebourin [[Seocho-gu]] an [[Songpa-gu]].  Combined, thir three ''gu'' cover approximately 120&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; laund an haed a population o 1,567,881 as o 2010, makkin up 20% o the aurie an 15% o the population o Seoul.

The Gangnam Destrict office haes designatit twa smoke-free zones athin the destrict. The section o Gangnam Boulevard atween exit No.2 o [[Gangnam Station]] o [[Seoul Subway Line 2]] an exit No.5 o [[Sinnonhyeon Station]] o [[Seoul Subway Line 9|Line 9]]. The seicont bein the 836-metre (914-yard) section o sidewalk alang Yeongdong Boulevard frae exit No.5 o [[Samseong Station]] on [[Seoul Subway Line 2|Line 2]], ootside [[COEX Convention &amp; Exhibition Center]] an [[ASEM Tower]] o the [[COEX]] complex.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Kwon|first=Sang-soo|title=City designates area by COEX as smoke-free|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2959317|accessdate=5 October 2012|newspaper=Joongang Daily|date=12 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Diveesions===
{{main|Admeenistrative diveesions o Gangnam-gu}}
Gangnam is componed o 22 dong (neebourheids)
* [[Apgujeong-dong|Apgujeong]]
* [[Cheongdam-dong|Cheongdam]]
* [[Daechi-dong|Daechi 1]]
* [[Daechi-dong|Daechi 2]]
* [[Daechi-dong|Daechi 4]]
* [[Dogok-dong|Dogok 1]]
* [[Dogok-dong|Dogok 2]]
* [[Gaepo-dong|Gaepo 1]]
* [[Gaepo-dong|Gaepo 2]]
* [[Gaepo-dong|Gaepo 4]]
* [[Irwon-dong|Irwon 1]]
* [[Irwon-dong|Irwon 2]]
* [[Irwon-dong|Irwon bon]]
* [[Nonhyeon-dong, Seoul|Nonhyeon 1]]
* [[Nonhyeon-dong, Seoul|Nonhyeon 2]]
* [[Samseong-dong|Samseong 1]]
* [[Samseong-dong|Samseong 2]]
* [[Segok-dong|Segok]]
* [[Sinsa-dong|Sinsa]]
* [[Suseo-dong|Suseo]]
* [[Yeoksam-dong|Yeoksam 1]]
* [[Yeoksam-dong|Yeoksam 2]]

==Economy==

Boith the Greater Gangnam area  and  Gangnam itself  are widely  admired  for its lively  life and  concentrated  wealth and  high standard of living, which has been compared to other cities such as  as [[Beverly Hills]], [[Californie|California]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cnngo&quot;&gt;{{cite web 
| url = http://www.cnngo.com/seoul/play/interview-psy-gangnam-style-posers-and-hysterical-little-boy-285626 | title = Interview: PSY on 'Gangnam Style,' posers and that hysterical little boy | last = Cha | first = Frances | date = 17 August 2012 |publisher = CNN | accessdate = 2012-09-22 |quote = I've heard it said that Gangnam is the Beverly Hills of Korea. But I would say that Gangnam is the capital of Seoul, which, of course, is the capital of Korea.}}&lt;/ref&gt; The most significant indicator is its extremely expensive real estate. Seoul as a whole is already known for its expensive house prices. For example  2011, an  average apartment costs approximately US$5,500 per m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, but the average price in Gangnam is almost twice as high, roughly US$10,000 per m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, which is 3.5 times the nationwide  average.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=강남아파트 1채 팔면 보성군에서 25채 산다 (in Korean)|url=http://news.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_menu=022700&amp;g_serial=559470|accessdate=2012-09-05|work=inews24|date=23 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; As for land value, a mere 40&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; land of Gangnam district rivals the entire land value o the city of [[Busan]], the second largest city  in Sooth Korea. Combined with  the neighboring  districts of [[Seocho-gu|Seocho]] and [[Songpa-gu|Songpa]], Greater Gangnam Aurie account for almost 10% o land value of the entire country .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=서울시 강남구 땅값, 부산시 전체와 비슷|url=http://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/09/18/2011091801100.html|accessdate=28 June 2012|newspaper=Chosun Ilbo|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

While Seoul's tradeetional business centres sic as [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]], [[Jongno-gu]], [[Yongsan-gu]] an [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] still maintain thair leadin roles, Gangnam an its neebourin destricts hae fast acome the new core athort aw auries o business ower the last few decades. [[KOSPI|KOSPI 200]] companies based in Gangnam destrict include [[Korea Electric Power Corporation|KEPCO]], [[GS Group]], [[Hyundai Department Store Group]], [[Jinro|HITEJinro]], [[Hansol]], [[Hankook Tire]], [[GLOVIS]] an Korea Zinc Corporation. Besides, [[POSCO]] operates POSCO Center in [[Teheranno|Teheran Valley]] an aw, an [[KT&amp;G]] operates Kosmo Tower. ither notable companies based in Gangnam include [[Dongbu Fire|Dongbu Fire Insurance]], [[Young Poong Group]], [[T'way Airlines]] an [[Hankook P&amp;G]]. Gangnam is hame tae mony [[Information technology|IT]] an ither internet-relatit companies includin [[NC Soft]] an [[Pandora TV]], an is ane o strang hubs o the kintra's financial an bankin sectors an aw. Mony internaitional companies operate key offices in Gangnam an aw, includin [[Google]], [[IBM]], [[Toyota]], an [[American Megatrends|AMI]]. Major entertainment companies lik [[SM Entertainment]] an [[JYP Entertainment]] are based in Gangnam an aw. Residential auries in Gangnam are kent tae be hame tae a lairge nummer o electit offeecials an celebrities.

===Economic development===
Till the early 1980s Gangnam an its neighboring area  were the least developed urban district in in Seoul, but significant   development over the last 30 years has earned Gangnam   a reputation of being the most  affluent, dynamic, an influential areas of  Seoul and of South  Korea as a whole.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gangnam has ‘Style’ and so much more|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2961810|work=Korea JoongAng Daily|accessdate=5 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Attractions==
Several popular shoppin an entertainment auries are locatit in Gangnam Destrict, includin [[Apgujeong]], the [[COEX Mall]] an the aurie aroond [[Gangnam Station]], [[Garosugil]], an [[Cheongdam-dong]]. The important business destrict aroond [[Teheranno]] (Tehran Street) runs east-wast frae Gangnam Station tae [[Samseong Station]] an the [[COEX Convention &amp; Exhibition Center]]-[[Korean World Trade Center]] complex.

* [[Gangnam Station]]
* [[Seolleung and Jeongneung tombs]]
* [[Kimchi Field Museum]]
* [[Trade Tower]]
* [[COEX Mall]]
* [[COEX Aquarium]]
* [[Kukkiwon]] (Warld [[Taekwondo]] Heidquairters)
* [[Korea City Air Terminal]]
* [[Simone Handbag Museum]]
* [[Bongeunsa|Bongeun Temple]], close tae COEX Mall&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/shortcuts/2012/oct/25/gangnam-style-seouls-most-exclusive-neighbourhood]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dosan Park]]
* Metasequoia Road
* Nonhyun Furniture Road
* [[Yangjae Stream]]

==Transportation==
Gangnam Destrict is servit bi [[Seoul Subway Line 2]], [[Seoul Subway Line 3]], [[Seoul Subway Line 7]], [[Seoul Subway Line 9]], [[Bundang Line]] an the [[Sin Bundang Line]].

===Railroad===
*[[Korail]]
;*[[Bundang Line]]
;;; ([[Seongdong-gu]]) ← Apgujeongrodeo – [[Gangnam-gu Office Station|Gangnam-gu Office]] – [[Seonjeongreung Station|Seonjeongreung]] – [[Seolleung Station|Seolleung]] — [[Hanti Station|Hanti]] — [[Dogok Station|Dogok]] — [[Guryong Station|Guryong]] — [[Gaepo-dong Station|Gaepo-dong]] — [[Daemosan Station|Daemosan]] — [[Suseo Station|Suseo]] → ([[Songpa-gu]])
*[[Seoul Metro]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 2]] Euljiro Circle Line
;;;([[Songpa-gu]]) ← [[Samseong Station|Samseong]] — [[Seolleung Station|Seolleung]] — [[Yeoksam Station|Yeoksam]] — [[Gangnam Station|Gangnam]] → ([[Seocho-gu]])
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 3]]
;;;([[Seongdong-gu]]) ← [[Apgujeong Station|Apgujeong]] — [[Sinsa Station|Sinsa]] → ([[Seocho-gu]]) ← [[Maebong Station|Maebong]] — [[Dogok Station|Dogok]] — [[Daechi Station|Daechi]] — [[Hangnyeoul Station|Hangnyeoul]] — [[Daecheong Station|Daecheong]] — [[Irwon Station|Irwon]] — [[Suseo Station|Suseo]] – ([[Songpa-gu]])
*[[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 7]]
;;;([[Gwangjin-gu]]) ← [[Cheongdam Station|Cheongdam]] — [[Gangnam-gu Office Station|Gangnam-gu Office]] — [[Hak-dong Station|Hak-dong]] — [[Nonhyeon Station|Nonhyeon]] → ([[Seocho-gu]])
*[[Seoul Subway Line 9|Metro 9 corporation]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 9]]
;;;([[Seocho-gu]]) ← [[Sinnonhyeon Station|Sinnonhyeon]]

==Festival==
Thare are several festivals held in Gangnam Destrict. 
* Internaitional Peace Marathon Festival in October
* Gangnam Fashion Festival in October
* Sports Festival for residents in Gangnam Distinct in Mey
* Daemosan Festival

==Popular cultur==
* Several subway stations in Gangnam an nearbi auries wur uised as filmin locations for the 2012 Hollywood film ''The Bourne Legacy'', the fowert instawment in the Bourne film series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title='Bourne Legacy' Puts Seoul on Hollywood Radar|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/06/28/2012062801089.html|accessdate=28 June 2012|newspaper=Chosun Ilbo|date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The 2012 [[K-pop]] sang &quot;[[Gangnam Style]]&quot; bi Sooth Korean entertainer [[PSY]] wis inspired bi  an shot in the Gangnam Destrict.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title='Gangnam Style' Goes Viral|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/news/reports_view.php?idx=18883|accessdate=5 September 2012|date=5 September 2012|archive-date=2012-12-09|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209024632/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/news/reports_view.php?idx=18883|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter the release o the muisic video, an its popularity, internaitional awareness o the destrict increased. Gangnam's prosperity an its purportit trendiness are the topics o the sang. In the muisic video, PSY can be seen dancin on tap o the [[ASEM Tower|Asem]] biggin wi the [[Trade Tower]] in backgrund.  The twa biggins are pairt o [[World Trade Center Seoul]] (WTC Seoul), kent as COEX an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=There is no gangnam district in Gangnam style music video|url=http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2012&amp;no=584891|accessdate=5 October 2012|newspaper=MK News|date=12 September 2012|archive-date=2012-12-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121219200659/http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2012&amp;no=584891|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.gangnam.go.kr/portal/main/main.do Gangnam-gu wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906225155/http://gangnam.go.kr/portal/main/main.do |date=2014-09-06 }}
* [http://english.gangnam.go.kr/05_tour/sub06_01.jsp Gangnam-gu &gt; Tourism / Culture &gt; Maps (Gangnam-gu maps)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301011905/http://english.gangnam.go.kr/05_tour/sub06_01.jsp |date=2009-03-01 }}
* {{ko}} [http://www.gangnam.go.kr/kor/intro/intro02_03_06.jsp#05 Map, status quo an oreegin o dong names o Ganganam-gu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301011909/http://www.gangnam.go.kr/kor/intro/intro02_03_06.jsp#05 |date=2009-03-01 }}
*[http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-seouls-district-of-gangnam-gu-2012-9?op=1 &quot;Tour The Ritzy Seoul District That Inspired Viral Hit 'Gangnam Style'&quot;, photoessay at BusinessInsider.com, 20 September 2012]

{{Destricts o Seoul}}

[[Category:Gangnam-gu| ]]</text>
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| name                    = Gangnam-gu
| official_name           = 강남구 · 江南區 
| native_name_lang        = kr
| settlement_type         = [[Leet o destricts o Seoul|Destrict]]
| image_caption           = Gangnam station aurie
| image_map               = Seoul Gangnam-gu.svg
| map_caption             = Location o Gangnam-gu in [[Seoul]]
| pushpin_map_caption     = &amp;nbsp;
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Sooth Korea}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Leet o regions o Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Direct-controlled municipality#Sooth Korea|Special Ceety]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Seoul]]
| subdivision_type3       = Administrative dong
| subdivision_name3       = 26
| leader_title            = Mayor
| area_total_km2          = 39.55
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;kosispop&quot;&gt;[http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) &gt; Population and Household &gt; Census Result (2010) &gt; Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826055149/http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |date=2013-08-26 }}, Retrieved 2010-06-02.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 527,641
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Korea Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
| website                 = [http://global.gangnam.go.kr/globalIndex.do?lang=en Gangnam-gu official website]
}}

'''Gangnam-gu''' (강남구; 江南區, {{lang-sco|Gangnam Destrict}}) is ane o the 25 ''[[Admeenistrative diviisions o Sooth Korea|gu]]'' (local govrenment destricts) which mak up the ceety o [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. Gangnam (강남; 江南) is leeterally &quot;Sooth o the (Han) River&quot;.  As o the 2010 census, Gangnam Destrict haed a population o 527,641,&lt;ref name=&quot;kosispop&quot;/&gt; makkin it the 4t maist populatit destrict in Seoul.  Gangnam Destrict is the third lairgest destrict in Seoul wi an aurie o 39.5&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.

==Admeenistration==
Gangnam is ane o three ''[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|gu]]'' that mak up the [[Gangnam (3 Destricts)|Greater Gangnam Aurie]] alang wi neebourin [[Seocho-gu]] an [[Songpa-gu]].  Combined, thir three ''gu'' cover approximately 120&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; laund an haed a population o 1,567,881 as o 2010, makkin up 20% o the aurie an 15% o the population o Seoul.

The Gangnam Destrict office haes designatit twa smoke-free zones athin the destrict. The section o Gangnam Boulevard atween exit No.2 o [[Gangnam Station]] o [[Seoul Subway Line 2]] an exit No.5 o [[Sinnonhyeon Station]] o [[Seoul Subway Line 9|Line 9]]. The seicont bein the 836-metre (914-yard) section o sidewalk alang Yeongdong Boulevard frae exit No.5 o [[Samseong Station]] on [[Seoul Subway Line 2|Line 2]], ootside [[COEX Convention &amp; Exhibition Center]] an [[ASEM Tower]] o the [[COEX]] complex.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Kwon|first=Sang-soo|title=City designates area by COEX as smoke-free|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2959317|accessdate=5 October 2012|newspaper=Joongang Daily|date=12 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Diveesions===
{{main|Admeenistrative diveesions o Gangnam-gu}}
Gangnam is componed o 22 dong (neebourheids)
* [[Apgujeong-dong|Apgujeong]]
* [[Cheongdam-dong|Cheongdam]]
* [[Daechi-dong|Daechi 1]]
* [[Daechi-dong|Daechi 2]]
* [[Daechi-dong|Daechi 4]]
* [[Dogok-dong|Dogok 1]]
* [[Dogok-dong|Dogok 2]]
* [[Gaepo-dong|Gaepo 1]]
* [[Gaepo-dong|Gaepo 2]]
* [[Gaepo-dong|Gaepo 4]]
* [[Irwon-dong|Irwon 1]]
* [[Irwon-dong|Irwon 2]]
* [[Irwon-dong|Irwon bon]]
* [[Nonhyeon-dong, Seoul|Nonhyeon 1]]
* [[Nonhyeon-dong, Seoul|Nonhyeon 2]]
* [[Samseong-dong|Samseong 1]]
* [[Samseong-dong|Samseong 2]]
* [[Segok-dong|Segok]]
* [[Sinsa-dong|Sinsa]]
* [[Suseo-dong|Suseo]]
* [[Yeoksam-dong|Yeoksam 1]]
* [[Yeoksam-dong|Yeoksam 2]]

==Economy==

Boith the Greater Gangnam area  and  Gangnam itself  are widely  admired  for its lively  life and  concentrated  wealth and  high standard of living, which has been compared to other cities such as  as [[Beverly Hills]], [[Californie|California]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cnngo&quot;&gt;{{cite web 
| url = http://www.cnngo.com/seoul/play/interview-psy-gangnam-style-posers-and-hysterical-little-boy-285626 | title = Interview: PSY on 'Gangnam Style,' posers and that hysterical little boy | last = Cha | first = Frances | date = 17 August 2012 |publisher = CNN | accessdate = 2012-09-22 |quote = I've heard it said that Gangnam is the Beverly Hills of Korea. But I would say that Gangnam is the capital of Seoul, which, of course, is the capital of Korea.}}&lt;/ref&gt; The most significant indicator is its extremely expensive real estate. Seoul as a whole is already known for its expensive house prices. For example  2011, an  average apartment costs approximately US$5,500 per m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, but the average price in Gangnam is almost twice as high, roughly US$10,000 per m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, which is 3.5 times the nationwide  average.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=강남아파트 1채 팔면 보성군에서 25채 산다 (in Korean)|url=http://news.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_menu=022700&amp;g_serial=559470|accessdate=2012-09-05|work=inews24|date=23 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; As for land value, a mere 40&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; land of Gangnam district rivals the entire land value o the city of [[Busan]], the second largest city  in Sooth Korea. Combined with  the neighboring  districts of [[Seocho-gu|Seocho]] and [[Songpa-gu|Songpa]], Greater Gangnam Aurie account for almost 10% o land value of the entire country .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=서울시 강남구 땅값, 부산시 전체와 비슷|url=http://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/09/18/2011091801100.html|accessdate=28 June 2012|newspaper=Chosun Ilbo|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

While Seoul's tradeetional business centres sic as [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]], [[Jongno-gu]], [[Yongsan-gu]] an [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] still maintain thair leadin roles, Gangnam an its neebourin destricts hae fast acome the new core athort aw auries o business ower the last few decades. [[KOSPI|KOSPI 200]] companies based in Gangnam destrict include [[Korea Electric Power Corporation|KEPCO]], [[GS Group]], [[Hyundai Department Store Group]], [[Jinro|HITEJinro]], [[Hansol]], [[Hankook Tire]], [[GLOVIS]] an Korea Zinc Corporation. Besides, [[POSCO]] operates POSCO Center in [[Teheranno|Teheran Valley]] an aw, an [[KT&amp;G]] operates Kosmo Tower. ither notable companies based in Gangnam include [[Dongbu Fire|Dongbu Fire Insurance]], [[Young Poong Group]], [[T'way Airlines]] an [[Hankook P&amp;G]]. Gangnam is hame tae mony [[Information technology|IT]] an ither internet-relatit companies includin [[NC Soft]] an [[Pandora TV]], an is ane o strang hubs o the kintra's financial an bankin sectors an aw. Mony internaitional companies operate key offices in Gangnam an aw, includin [[Google]], [[IBM]], [[Toyota]], an [[American Megatrends|AMI]]. Major entertainment companies lik [[SM Entertainment]] an [[JYP Entertainment]] are based in Gangnam an aw. Residential auries in Gangnam are kent tae be hame tae a lairge nummer o electit offeecials an celebrities.

===Economic development===
Till the early 1980s Gangnam an its neighboring area  were the least developed urban district in in Seoul, but significant   development over the last 30 years has earned Gangnam   a reputation of being the most  affluent, dynamic, an influential areas of  Seoul and of South  Korea as a whole.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gangnam has ‘Style’ and so much more|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2961810|work=Korea JoongAng Daily|accessdate=5 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Attractions==
Several popular shoppin an entertainment auries are locatit in Gangnam Destrict, includin [[Apgujeong]], the [[COEX Mall]] an the aurie aroond [[Gangnam Station]], [[Garosugil]], an [[Cheongdam-dong]]. The important business destrict aroond [[Teheranno]] (Tehran Street) runs east-wast frae Gangnam Station tae [[Samseong Station]] an the [[COEX Convention &amp; Exhibition Center]]-[[Korean World Trade Center]] complex.

* [[Gangnam Station]]
* [[Seolleung and Jeongneung tombs]]
* [[Kimchi Field Museum]]
* [[Trade Tower]]
* [[COEX Mall]]
* [[COEX Aquarium]]
* [[Kukkiwon]] (Warld [[Taekwondo]] Heidquairters)
* [[Korea City Air Terminal]]
* [[Simone Handbag Museum]]
* [[Bongeunsa|Bongeun Temple]], close tae COEX Mall&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/shortcuts/2012/oct/25/gangnam-style-seouls-most-exclusive-neighbourhood]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dosan Park]]
* Metasequoia Road
* Nonhyun Furniture Road
* [[Yangjae Stream]]

==Transportation==
Gangnam Destrict is servit bi [[Seoul Subway Line 2]], [[Seoul Subway Line 3]], [[Seoul Subway Line 7]], [[Seoul Subway Line 9]], [[Bundang Line]] an the [[Sin Bundang Line]].

===Railroad===
*[[Korail]]
;*[[Bundang Line]]
;;; ([[Seongdong-gu]]) ← Apgujeongrodeo – [[Gangnam-gu Office Station|Gangnam-gu Office]] – [[Seonjeongreung Station|Seonjeongreung]] – [[Seolleung Station|Seolleung]] — [[Hanti Station|Hanti]] — [[Dogok Station|Dogok]] — [[Guryong Station|Guryong]] — [[Gaepo-dong Station|Gaepo-dong]] — [[Daemosan Station|Daemosan]] — [[Suseo Station|Suseo]] → ([[Songpa-gu]])
*[[Seoul Metro]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 2]] Euljiro Circle Line
;;;([[Songpa-gu]]) ← [[Samseong Station|Samseong]] — [[Seolleung Station|Seolleung]] — [[Yeoksam Station|Yeoksam]] — [[Gangnam Station|Gangnam]] → ([[Seocho-gu]])
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 3]]
;;;([[Seongdong-gu]]) ← [[Apgujeong Station|Apgujeong]] — [[Sinsa Station|Sinsa]] → ([[Seocho-gu]]) ← [[Maebong Station|Maebong]] — [[Dogok Station|Dogok]] — [[Daechi Station|Daechi]] — [[Hangnyeoul Station|Hangnyeoul]] — [[Daecheong Station|Daecheong]] — [[Irwon Station|Irwon]] — [[Suseo Station|Suseo]] – ([[Songpa-gu]])
*[[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 7]]
;;;([[Gwangjin-gu]]) ← [[Cheongdam Station|Cheongdam]] — [[Gangnam-gu Office Station|Gangnam-gu Office]] — [[Hak-dong Station|Hak-dong]] — [[Nonhyeon Station|Nonhyeon]] → ([[Seocho-gu]])
*[[Seoul Subway Line 9|Metro 9 corporation]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 9]]
;;;([[Seocho-gu]]) ← [[Sinnonhyeon Station|Sinnonhyeon]]

==Festival==
Thare are several festivals held in Gangnam Destrict. 
* Internaitional Peace Marathon Festival in October
* Gangnam Fashion Festival in October
* Sports Festival for residents in Gangnam Distinct in Mey
* Daemosan Festival

==Popular cultur==
* Several subway stations in Gangnam an nearbi auries wur uised as filmin locations for the 2012 Hollywood film ''The Bourne Legacy'', the fowert instawment in the Bourne film series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title='Bourne Legacy' Puts Seoul on Hollywood Radar|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/06/28/2012062801089.html|accessdate=28 June 2012|newspaper=Chosun Ilbo|date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The 2012 [[K-pop]] sang &quot;[[Gangnam Style]]&quot; bi Sooth Korean entertainer [[PSY]] wis inspired bi  an shot in the Gangnam Destrict.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title='Gangnam Style' Goes Viral|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/news/reports_view.php?idx=18883|accessdate=5 September 2012|date=5 September 2012|archive-date=2012-12-09|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209024632/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/news/reports_view.php?idx=18883|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter the release o the muisic video, an its popularity, internaitional awareness o the destrict increased. Gangnam's prosperity an its purportit trendiness are the topics o the sang. In the muisic video, PSY can be seen dancin on tap o the [[ASEM Tower|Asem]] biggin wi the [[Trade Tower]] in backgrund.  The twa biggins are pairt o [[World Trade Center Seoul]] (WTC Seoul), kent as COEX an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=There is no gangnam district in Gangnam style music video|url=http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2012&amp;no=584891|accessdate=5 October 2012|newspaper=MK News|date=12 September 2012|archive-date=2012-12-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121219200659/http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2012&amp;no=584891|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.gangnam.go.kr/portal/main/main.do Gangnam-gu wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906225155/http://gangnam.go.kr/portal/main/main.do |date=2014-09-06 }}
* [http://english.gangnam.go.kr/05_tour/sub06_01.jsp Gangnam-gu &gt; Tourism / Culture &gt; Maps (Gangnam-gu maps)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301011905/http://english.gangnam.go.kr/05_tour/sub06_01.jsp |date=2009-03-01 }}
* {{ko}} [http://www.gangnam.go.kr/kor/intro/intro02_03_06.jsp#05 Map, status quo an oreegin o dong names o Ganganam-gu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301011909/http://www.gangnam.go.kr/kor/intro/intro02_03_06.jsp#05 |date=2009-03-01 }}
*[http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-seouls-district-of-gangnam-gu-2012-9?op=1 &quot;Tour The Ritzy Seoul District That Inspired Viral Hit 'Gangnam Style'&quot;, photoessay at BusinessInsider.com, 20 September 2012]

{{Destricts o Seoul}}

[[Category:Gangnam-gu| ]]</text>
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    <title>Seoul Caipital Area</title>
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      <text bytes="12113" sha1="b8ygvmwfmq0vfph6ijhtdwcbmszy6kf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Greater Seoul Area
----
수도권
| image_skyline                   = Seoul-Cityscape-03.jpg
| image_map                       = 
| image_map1                      = Sudogwon.svg
| coordinates                     = 
| subdivision_type                = Kintra
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|Sooth Korea}}
----
| subdivision_type1               = Major Ceeties
| subdivision_name1               = [[Seoul|Seoul Special Ceety]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Incheon|Incheon Metropolitan Ceety]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Suwon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Goyang]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Seongnam]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bucheon]]
| population_metro                = 23616000
| population_as_of                = 1 November 2010
| population_blank1_title         = Percentage o Sooth Korea’s total population
| population_blank1               = 49%
| population_note                 = SMA = Seoul (9.7 mil.) + Incheon (2.6 mil.) + Gyeonggi (11.3 mil.)
| population_metro_footnotes      = &lt;ref&gt;A government publication states that on 1 November 2010, the population of “Seoul Metropolitan Area” stood at 23,616 thousand, which is the sum of the figures given for Gyeonggi-do (11,270 thousand), Seoul (9,708 thousand) and Incheon (2,638 thousand), apparently including the periphery.&lt;br /&gt;Source: [http://kostat.go.kr/portal/english/news/1/1/index.board?aSeq=245048&amp;bmode=download&amp;ord=1 “Preliminary Results of the 2010 Population and Housing Census”] (PDF). Statistics Korea. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul = 수도권
|hanja  = [[wikt:首都#Korean|首都]][[wikt:圈|圈]]
|rr     = Sudogwon
|mr     = Sudokwŏn
}}
{{contains Korean text}}
The '''Seoul Caipital Area''' is a region locatit in the north-wast o [[Sooth Korea]]. It is generally referred tae as '''Sudogwon''' in Korean, an conteens three different admeenistrative destricts; [[Seoul]], [[Incheon]] an [[Gyeonggi-do]].

The SNCA is technically distinct frae the '''Seoul Metropolitan Area''' (SMA), as the umwhile is a fixed entity, whilk the latter refers tae places currently considert unner the economic, industrial an cultural influence o Seoul. Syne the extension o the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] ([[Korail]] commuter) tae [[Asan]], [[Chungcheongnam-do]] an [[Chuncheon]], [[Gangwon-do]], some hae classifee'd Asan, Cheonan, Chuncheon as nou athin the SMA, but no athin the SNCA. Housomeivver, the terms SNCA, SMA an Sudogwon are lairgely analogous an uised interchyngeably.

The Seoul Caipital Area haes a [[population]] o 25.6 million (as o 2012){{ref|ppl}} an is rankit as the [[Leet o metropolitan auries bi population|third lairgest metropolitan area]] in the warld. It forms the cultural, commercial, financial, industrial, an residential centre o Sooth Korea. The lairgest ceety is Seoul, wi a population o approximately 10.2 million fowk, follaeed bi Incheon, wi 2.6 million.

==Geografie an climate==
{{See also|Geografie o Sooth Korea}}

The Seoul Caipital area occupees a braid area o relatively flat laund aroond the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] strath.  It conteens some o the maist fertile laund on the [[Korean Peninsula]], awtho relatively little o it is nou uised for agricultur. The [[Gimpo Plain]], ane o the kintra's lairger expanses o level arable laund, covers hintle o the area o the ceeties o [[Gimpo]] an [[Bucheon]].

==Demografics==
{{See also|Demografics o Sooth Korea}}

Coverin anerlie aboot 12% o the kintra's area, the Seoul metropolitan area is hame tae mair nor 48.2% o the naitional population, an is the warld's [[Leet o urban auries bi population|3rd lairgest urban area]]. This percentage haes risen steadily syne the mid-20t century, an the trend is expectit tae continue.  Currently mair nor hauf o the fowk that muive frae ane region tae anither are muivin tae the caipital area.{{ref|trend1}}  Bi 2020, it is projectit that mair nor 52% o Sooth Korea's population will live athin the area, or 25,520,000 fowk.{{ref|trend2}}

==Govrenment==
{{See also|Govrenment o Sooth Korea}}

Various agencies hae been set up tae deal wi the intergovrenmental problems o the region.  Proposals for consolidatin some or aw o the ceeties o the caipital area intae a haundful o metropolitan ceeties hae sicweys far no been implementit.

Development in the area is currently govrened bi the Capital Region Readjustment Planning Act (수도권정비계획법), first passed in 1982 an last revisit in 1996.

==Subdiveesions==
{{See also|Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea}}

The Seoul naitional caipital area is dividit amang the special ceety o [[Seoul]], the metropolitan ceety o [[Incheon]], an province o [[Gyeonggi-do]]. Seoul haes 25 gu (local govrenment wards), Incheon haes 8 gu an 2 coonties, an Gyeonggi-do haes 27 ceeties an 4 coonties as the subdiveesions.

===Seoul===
{{Main|Leet o destricts o Seoul}}
{{see|Seoul}}
The 25 destricts o Seoul.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Dobong-gu]] (도봉구; 道峰區)
*[[Dongdaemun-gu]] (동대문구; 東大門區)
*[[Dongjak-gu]] (동작구; 銅雀區)
*[[Eunpyeong-gu]] (은평구; 恩平區)
*[[Gangbuk-gu]] (강북구; 江北區)
*[[Gangdong-gu]] (강동구; 江東區)
*[[Gangnam-gu]] (강남구; 江南區)
*[[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] (강서구; 江西區)
*[[Geumcheon-gu]] (금천구; 衿川區)
{{col-break}}
*[[Guro-gu]] (구로구; 九老區)
*[[Gwanak-gu]] (관악구; 冠岳區)
*[[Gwangjin-gu]] (광진구; 廣津區)
*[[Jongno-gu]] (종로구; 鍾路區)
*[[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] (중구; 中區)
*[[Jungnang-gu]] (중랑구; 中浪區)
*[[Mapo-gu]] (마포구; 麻浦區)
*[[Nowon-gu]] (노원구; 蘆原區)
{{col-break}}
*[[Seocho-gu]] (서초구; 瑞草區)
*[[Seodaemun-gu]] (서대문구; 西大門區)
*[[Seongbuk-gu]] (성북구; 城北區)
*[[Seongdong-gu]] (성동구; 城東區)
*[[Songpa-gu]] (송파구; 松坡區)
*[[Yangcheon-gu]] (양천구; 陽川區)
*[[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] (영등포구; 永登浦區)
*[[Yongsan-gu]] (용산구; 龍山區)
{{col-end}}

===Incheon===
{{Main|Leet o destricts an coonties o Incheon}}
{{see|Incheon}}
The 8 destricts an 2 coonties o Incheon.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Bupyeong-gu]] (부평구; 富平區)
* [[Dong-gu, Incheon|Dong-gu]] (동구; 東區)
* [[Gyeyang-gu]] (계양구; 桂陽區)
* [[Jung-gu, Incheon|Jung-gu]] (중구; 中區)
{{col-break}}
* [[Nam-gu, Incheon|Nam-gu]] (남구; 南區)
* [[Namdong-gu]] (남동구; 南洞區)
* [[Seo-gu, Incheon|Seo-gu]] (서구; 西區)
* [[Yeonsu-gu]] (연수구; 延壽區)
{{col-break}}
* [[Ganghwa]] (강화군; 江華郡)
* [[Ongjin, Incheon|Ongjin]] (옹진군; 甕津郡)
{{col-end}}

===Gyeonggi-do===
{{Main|Leet o ceeties an coonties o Gyeonggi-do}}
27 ceeties an 4 coonties o Gyeonggi-do.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
====Suwon====
{{see|Suwon}}
The 4 gu o Suwon (수원; 水原).

* [[Paldal-gu]] (팔달구; 八達區)
* [[Yeongtong-gu]] (영통구; 霊通區)
* [[Jangan-gu]] (장안구; 長安區)
* [[Gwonseon-gu]] (권선구; 勸善區)

====Ansan====
{{see|Ansan}}
The 2 gu o Ansan (안산; 安山).

* [[Danwon-gu]] (단원구; 檀園區)
* [[Sangnok-gu]] (상록구; 常綠區)

====Anyang====
{{see|Anyang, Gyeonggi-do}}
The 2 gu o Anyang (안양; 安養).

* [[Dongan-gu]] (동안구; 東安區)
* [[Manan-gu]] (만안구; 萬安區)

====Bucheon====
{{see|Bucheon}}

====Seongnam====
{{see|Seongnam}}
The 3 gu o Seongnam (성남; 城南).

* [[Bundang|Bundang-gu]] (분당구; 盆唐區)
* [[Jungwon-gu]] (중원구; 中原區)
* [[Sujeong-gu]] (수정구; 壽井區)

====Yongin====
{{see|Yongin}}
The 3 gu o Yongin (용인; 龍仁).

* [[Cheoin-gu]] (처인구; 處仁區)
* [[Giheung-gu]] (기흥구; 器興區)
* [[Suji-gu]] (수지구; 水枝區)
{{col-end}}
&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anseong]] (안성; 安城)
*[[Dongducheon]] (동두천; 東豆川)
*[[Gimpo]] (김포; 金浦)
*[[Goyang]] (고양; 高陽)
*[[Gunpo]] (군포; 軍浦)
*[[Guri]] (구리; 九里)
*[[Gwacheon]] (과천; 果川)
{{col-break}}
*[[Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do|Gwangju]] (광주; 廣州)
*[[Gwangmyeong]] (광명; 光明)
*[[Hanam]] (하남; 河南)
*[[Hwaseong]] (화성; 華城)
*[[Icheon]] (이천; 利川)
*[[Namyangju]] (남양주; 南楊州)
*[[Osan]] (오산; 烏山)
{{col-break}}
*[[Paju]] (파주; 坡州)
*[[Pocheon]] (포천; 抱川)
*[[Pyeongtaek]] (평택; 平澤)
*[[Siheung]] (시흥; 始興)
*[[Uijeongbu]] (의정부; 議政府)
*[[Uiwang]] (의왕; 儀旺)
*[[Yangju]] (양주; 楊州)
{{col-break}}
*[[Gapyeong]] (가평군; 加平郡)
*[[Yangpyeong]] (양평군; 揚平郡)
*[[Yeoju]] (여주군; 驪州郡)
*[[Yeoncheon]] (연천군; 漣川郡)
{{col-end}}

==Transportation==
{{See also|Transportation in Sooth Korea}}

The ceeties o the caipital area are tichtly interconnectit bi road an rail.  Mony o the kintra's railwey lines, maist notably the [[Gyeongbu Line]], terminate in the region.  In addition, the needs for commuter rail are servit bi the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]], which passes no anerlie throu Seoul an Incheon, but throu maist o the ootlyin ceeties an aw.

In addition, the region is a nexus for traivel bi air an watter.  The kintra's twa lairgest airports, [[Incheon International Airport]] an [[Gimpo Airport]], are baith locatit in the metropolitan area.  Internaitional an domestic ferries depairt frae Incheon's various ferry terminals several times a day; in addition, massive volumes o internaitional fricht pass throu the container terminals o Incheon (primarily boond tae an frae [[Cheenae]]).

[[Seoul Ring Expressway]] (Expressway No.100) connects satellite ceeties aroond Seoul, [[Ilsan]], Toegyewon, [[Hanam]], [[Pyeongchon]], Songnae, [[Bundang]], [[Pangyo]] an [[Gimpo]].

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea - February 2009.jpg|Street in Seoul
File:NewSongdo5.JPG|[[Songdo]] Ceety, [[Incheon]]

File:Hwaseong Third North Secret Gate and Dongbuk Gangnu - 2009-03-01.JPG|[[Suwon]]
File:Bundang Jeongja.jpg|[[Bundang]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
# {{note|ppl}}{{cite news|url=http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1005&amp;idx_kornm=%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EA%B6%8C%20%EC%A7%91%EC%A4%91%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9-%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC |title=e나라지표:수도권 인구 집중 현황|language=Korean |author=[[Korea National Statistical Office]]|date=2008-07-22}}
# {{note|trend1}}{{cite news |url=http://nso.news.go.kr/warp/webapp/news/view?section_id=p_sec_1&amp;id=d5ef9a6abd2f2cbdd1fc5171 |title=수도권 인구 편중현상 계속 |publisher=[[Korea National Statistical Office]] (KNSO) News |language=Korean |author=Ryu Boseon (류보선) |date=2005-08-23 |access-date=2012-12-04 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065302/http://nso.news.go.kr/warp/webapp/news/view?section_id=p_sec_1&amp;id=d5ef9a6abd2f2cbdd1fc5171 |url-status=dead }}
# {{note|trend2}}{{cite news|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-005000000/2005/06/005000000200506011903259.html|title=각종 분산정책 불구하고 수도권은 ‘인구 블랙홀’|publisher=[[The Hankyoreh]]|language=Korean|author=Hong, Yong-deok (홍용덕)|date=2005-06-01|access-date=2012-12-04|archive-date=2012-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208072757/http://www.hani.co.kr/section-005000000/2005/06/005000000200506011903259.html|url-status=dead}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://english.seoul.go.kr  Offeecial wabsteid o Seoul Metropolitan govrenment ]
* [http://mamo.me.go.kr Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office, in Korean]
* [http://credi.anyang.ac.kr Capital Region Development Institute, in Korean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519123841/http://credi.anyang.ac.kr/ |date=2006-05-19 }}
* [http://www.chosun.com/metro Chosun Ilbo metro news, in Korean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012202704/http://www.chosun.com/metro/ |date=2014-10-12 }}
* [http://www.algoga.go.kr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060326194234/http://www.algoga.go.kr/ |date=2006-03-26 }}

{{Warld's maist populatit urban auries}}
{{Warld's maist populatit metropolitan auries}}

[[Category:Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12039" sha1="4gv7dske05gwp6137p3sclm04wcelwa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Greater Seoul Area
----
수도권
| image_skyline                   = Seoul-Cityscape-03.jpg
| image_map1                      = Sudogwon.svg
| subdivision_type                = Kintra
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|Sooth Korea}}
----
| subdivision_type1               = Major Ceeties
| subdivision_name1               = [[Seoul|Seoul Special Ceety]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Incheon|Incheon Metropolitan Ceety]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Suwon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Goyang]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Seongnam]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bucheon]]
| population_metro                = 23616000
| population_as_of                = 1 November 2010
| population_blank1_title         = Percentage o Sooth Korea’s total population
| population_blank1               = 49%
| population_note                 = SMA = Seoul (9.7 mil.) + Incheon (2.6 mil.) + Gyeonggi (11.3 mil.)
| population_metro_footnotes      = &lt;ref&gt;A government publication states that on 1 November 2010, the population of “Seoul Metropolitan Area” stood at 23,616 thousand, which is the sum of the figures given for Gyeonggi-do (11,270 thousand), Seoul (9,708 thousand) and Incheon (2,638 thousand), apparently including the periphery.&lt;br /&gt;Source: [http://kostat.go.kr/portal/english/news/1/1/index.board?aSeq=245048&amp;bmode=download&amp;ord=1 “Preliminary Results of the 2010 Population and Housing Census”] (PDF). Statistics Korea. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul = 수도권
|hanja  = [[wikt:首都#Korean|首都]][[wikt:圈|圈]]
|rr     = Sudogwon
|mr     = Sudokwŏn
}}
{{contains Korean text}}
The '''Seoul Caipital Area''' is a region locatit in the north-wast o [[Sooth Korea]]. It is generally referred tae as '''Sudogwon''' in Korean, an conteens three different admeenistrative destricts; [[Seoul]], [[Incheon]] an [[Gyeonggi-do]].

The SNCA is technically distinct frae the '''Seoul Metropolitan Area''' (SMA), as the umwhile is a fixed entity, whilk the latter refers tae places currently considert unner the economic, industrial an cultural influence o Seoul. Syne the extension o the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] ([[Korail]] commuter) tae [[Asan]], [[Chungcheongnam-do]] an [[Chuncheon]], [[Gangwon-do]], some hae classifee'd Asan, Cheonan, Chuncheon as nou athin the SMA, but no athin the SNCA. Housomeivver, the terms SNCA, SMA an Sudogwon are lairgely analogous an uised interchyngeably.

The Seoul Caipital Area haes a [[population]] o 25.6 million (as o 2012){{ref|ppl}} an is rankit as the [[Leet o metropolitan auries bi population|third lairgest metropolitan area]] in the warld. It forms the cultural, commercial, financial, industrial, an residential centre o Sooth Korea. The lairgest ceety is Seoul, wi a population o approximately 10.2 million fowk, follaeed bi Incheon, wi 2.6 million.

==Geografie an climate==
{{See also|Geografie o Sooth Korea}}

The Seoul Caipital area occupees a braid area o relatively flat laund aroond the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] strath.  It conteens some o the maist fertile laund on the [[Korean Peninsula]], awtho relatively little o it is nou uised for agricultur. The [[Gimpo Plain]], ane o the kintra's lairger expanses o level arable laund, covers hintle o the area o the ceeties o [[Gimpo]] an [[Bucheon]].

==Demografics==
{{See also|Demografics o Sooth Korea}}

Coverin anerlie aboot 12% o the kintra's area, the Seoul metropolitan area is hame tae mair nor 48.2% o the naitional population, an is the warld's [[Leet o urban auries bi population|3rd lairgest urban area]]. This percentage haes risen steadily syne the mid-20t century, an the trend is expectit tae continue.  Currently mair nor hauf o the fowk that muive frae ane region tae anither are muivin tae the caipital area.{{ref|trend1}}  Bi 2020, it is projectit that mair nor 52% o Sooth Korea's population will live athin the area, or 25,520,000 fowk.{{ref|trend2}}

==Govrenment==
{{See also|Govrenment o Sooth Korea}}

Various agencies hae been set up tae deal wi the intergovrenmental problems o the region.  Proposals for consolidatin some or aw o the ceeties o the caipital area intae a haundful o metropolitan ceeties hae sicweys far no been implementit.

Development in the area is currently govrened bi the Capital Region Readjustment Planning Act (수도권정비계획법), first passed in 1982 an last revisit in 1996.

==Subdiveesions==
{{See also|Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea}}

The Seoul naitional caipital area is dividit amang the special ceety o [[Seoul]], the metropolitan ceety o [[Incheon]], an province o [[Gyeonggi-do]]. Seoul haes 25 gu (local govrenment wards), Incheon haes 8 gu an 2 coonties, an Gyeonggi-do haes 27 ceeties an 4 coonties as the subdiveesions.

===Seoul===
{{Main|Leet o destricts o Seoul}}
{{see|Seoul}}
The 25 destricts o Seoul.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Dobong-gu]] (도봉구; 道峰區)
*[[Dongdaemun-gu]] (동대문구; 東大門區)
*[[Dongjak-gu]] (동작구; 銅雀區)
*[[Eunpyeong-gu]] (은평구; 恩平區)
*[[Gangbuk-gu]] (강북구; 江北區)
*[[Gangdong-gu]] (강동구; 江東區)
*[[Gangnam-gu]] (강남구; 江南區)
*[[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] (강서구; 江西區)
*[[Geumcheon-gu]] (금천구; 衿川區)
{{col-break}}
*[[Guro-gu]] (구로구; 九老區)
*[[Gwanak-gu]] (관악구; 冠岳區)
*[[Gwangjin-gu]] (광진구; 廣津區)
*[[Jongno-gu]] (종로구; 鍾路區)
*[[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] (중구; 中區)
*[[Jungnang-gu]] (중랑구; 中浪區)
*[[Mapo-gu]] (마포구; 麻浦區)
*[[Nowon-gu]] (노원구; 蘆原區)
{{col-break}}
*[[Seocho-gu]] (서초구; 瑞草區)
*[[Seodaemun-gu]] (서대문구; 西大門區)
*[[Seongbuk-gu]] (성북구; 城北區)
*[[Seongdong-gu]] (성동구; 城東區)
*[[Songpa-gu]] (송파구; 松坡區)
*[[Yangcheon-gu]] (양천구; 陽川區)
*[[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] (영등포구; 永登浦區)
*[[Yongsan-gu]] (용산구; 龍山區)
{{col-end}}

===Incheon===
{{Main|Leet o destricts an coonties o Incheon}}
{{see|Incheon}}
The 8 destricts an 2 coonties o Incheon.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Bupyeong-gu]] (부평구; 富平區)
* [[Dong-gu, Incheon|Dong-gu]] (동구; 東區)
* [[Gyeyang-gu]] (계양구; 桂陽區)
* [[Jung-gu, Incheon|Jung-gu]] (중구; 中區)
{{col-break}}
* [[Nam-gu, Incheon|Nam-gu]] (남구; 南區)
* [[Namdong-gu]] (남동구; 南洞區)
* [[Seo-gu, Incheon|Seo-gu]] (서구; 西區)
* [[Yeonsu-gu]] (연수구; 延壽區)
{{col-break}}
* [[Ganghwa]] (강화군; 江華郡)
* [[Ongjin, Incheon|Ongjin]] (옹진군; 甕津郡)
{{col-end}}

===Gyeonggi-do===
{{Main|Leet o ceeties an coonties o Gyeonggi-do}}
27 ceeties an 4 coonties o Gyeonggi-do.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
====Suwon====
{{see|Suwon}}
The 4 gu o Suwon (수원; 水原).

* [[Paldal-gu]] (팔달구; 八達區)
* [[Yeongtong-gu]] (영통구; 霊通區)
* [[Jangan-gu]] (장안구; 長安區)
* [[Gwonseon-gu]] (권선구; 勸善區)

====Ansan====
{{see|Ansan}}
The 2 gu o Ansan (안산; 安山).

* [[Danwon-gu]] (단원구; 檀園區)
* [[Sangnok-gu]] (상록구; 常綠區)

====Anyang====
{{see|Anyang, Gyeonggi-do}}
The 2 gu o Anyang (안양; 安養).

* [[Dongan-gu]] (동안구; 東安區)
* [[Manan-gu]] (만안구; 萬安區)

====Bucheon====
{{see|Bucheon}}

====Seongnam====
{{see|Seongnam}}
The 3 gu o Seongnam (성남; 城南).

* [[Bundang|Bundang-gu]] (분당구; 盆唐區)
* [[Jungwon-gu]] (중원구; 中原區)
* [[Sujeong-gu]] (수정구; 壽井區)

====Yongin====
{{see|Yongin}}
The 3 gu o Yongin (용인; 龍仁).

* [[Cheoin-gu]] (처인구; 處仁區)
* [[Giheung-gu]] (기흥구; 器興區)
* [[Suji-gu]] (수지구; 水枝區)
{{col-end}}
&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anseong]] (안성; 安城)
*[[Dongducheon]] (동두천; 東豆川)
*[[Gimpo]] (김포; 金浦)
*[[Goyang]] (고양; 高陽)
*[[Gunpo]] (군포; 軍浦)
*[[Guri]] (구리; 九里)
*[[Gwacheon]] (과천; 果川)
{{col-break}}
*[[Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do|Gwangju]] (광주; 廣州)
*[[Gwangmyeong]] (광명; 光明)
*[[Hanam]] (하남; 河南)
*[[Hwaseong]] (화성; 華城)
*[[Icheon]] (이천; 利川)
*[[Namyangju]] (남양주; 南楊州)
*[[Osan]] (오산; 烏山)
{{col-break}}
*[[Paju]] (파주; 坡州)
*[[Pocheon]] (포천; 抱川)
*[[Pyeongtaek]] (평택; 平澤)
*[[Siheung]] (시흥; 始興)
*[[Uijeongbu]] (의정부; 議政府)
*[[Uiwang]] (의왕; 儀旺)
*[[Yangju]] (양주; 楊州)
{{col-break}}
*[[Gapyeong]] (가평군; 加平郡)
*[[Yangpyeong]] (양평군; 揚平郡)
*[[Yeoju]] (여주군; 驪州郡)
*[[Yeoncheon]] (연천군; 漣川郡)
{{col-end}}

==Transportation==
{{See also|Transportation in Sooth Korea}}

The ceeties o the caipital area are tichtly interconnectit bi road an rail.  Mony o the kintra's railwey lines, maist notably the [[Gyeongbu Line]], terminate in the region.  In addition, the needs for commuter rail are servit bi the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]], which passes no anerlie throu Seoul an Incheon, but throu maist o the ootlyin ceeties an aw.

In addition, the region is a nexus for traivel bi air an watter.  The kintra's twa lairgest airports, [[Incheon International Airport]] an [[Gimpo Airport]], are baith locatit in the metropolitan area.  Internaitional an domestic ferries depairt frae Incheon's various ferry terminals several times a day; in addition, massive volumes o internaitional fricht pass throu the container terminals o Incheon (primarily boond tae an frae [[Cheenae]]).

[[Seoul Ring Expressway]] (Expressway No.100) connects satellite ceeties aroond Seoul, [[Ilsan]], Toegyewon, [[Hanam]], [[Pyeongchon]], Songnae, [[Bundang]], [[Pangyo]] an [[Gimpo]].

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea - February 2009.jpg|Street in Seoul
File:NewSongdo5.JPG|[[Songdo]] Ceety, [[Incheon]]

File:Hwaseong Third North Secret Gate and Dongbuk Gangnu - 2009-03-01.JPG|[[Suwon]]
File:Bundang Jeongja.jpg|[[Bundang]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
# {{note|ppl}}{{cite news|url=http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1005&amp;idx_kornm=%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EA%B6%8C%20%EC%A7%91%EC%A4%91%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9-%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC |title=e나라지표:수도권 인구 집중 현황|language=Korean |author=[[Korea National Statistical Office]]|date=2008-07-22}}
# {{note|trend1}}{{cite news |url=http://nso.news.go.kr/warp/webapp/news/view?section_id=p_sec_1&amp;id=d5ef9a6abd2f2cbdd1fc5171 |title=수도권 인구 편중현상 계속 |publisher=[[Korea National Statistical Office]] (KNSO) News |language=Korean |author=Ryu Boseon (류보선) |date=2005-08-23 |access-date=2012-12-04 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065302/http://nso.news.go.kr/warp/webapp/news/view?section_id=p_sec_1&amp;id=d5ef9a6abd2f2cbdd1fc5171 |url-status=dead }}
# {{note|trend2}}{{cite news|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-005000000/2005/06/005000000200506011903259.html|title=각종 분산정책 불구하고 수도권은 ‘인구 블랙홀’|publisher=[[The Hankyoreh]]|language=Korean|author=Hong, Yong-deok (홍용덕)|date=2005-06-01|access-date=2012-12-04|archive-date=2012-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208072757/http://www.hani.co.kr/section-005000000/2005/06/005000000200506011903259.html|url-status=dead}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://english.seoul.go.kr  Offeecial wabsteid o Seoul Metropolitan govrenment ]
* [http://mamo.me.go.kr Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office, in Korean]
* [http://credi.anyang.ac.kr Capital Region Development Institute, in Korean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519123841/http://credi.anyang.ac.kr/ |date=2006-05-19 }}
* [http://www.chosun.com/metro Chosun Ilbo metro news, in Korean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012202704/http://www.chosun.com/metro/ |date=2014-10-12 }}
* [http://www.algoga.go.kr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060326194234/http://www.algoga.go.kr/ |date=2006-03-26 }}

{{Warld's maist populatit urban auries}}
{{Warld's maist populatit metropolitan auries}}

[[Category:Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie| ]]</text>
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    <title>New Toun, Edinburgh</title>
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| WHS         = [[Auld Town, Edinburgh|Auld]] an New Touns o Edinburgh
| State Party = United Kingdom
| Image       = [[File:Edinburgh New Town from Edinburgh Castle.jpg|300px|Edinburgh's New Town, viewed from Edinburgh Castle. Princes Street and the Princes Street Gardens are visible in the foreground.]]
| Country     = Scotland
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = ii, iv
| ID          = 728
| Region      = Europe an North America
| Year        = 1995
| Session     = 19th
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/728
}}
[[File:Edinburgh map.png|thumb|Map o the ceety, showin New Toun, [[Auld Toun, Edinburgh|Auld Toun]], an the [[West End, Edinburgh|West End]].]]

The '''New Toun''' is a central aurie o [[Edinburgh]], the caipital o Scotland.  It is aften conseidert tae be a maisterpiece o [[ceety plannin]], an is a [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Steid]]. It wis biggit in stages atween 1765 an aroond 1850, an retains hintle o the oreeginal [[Neoclassicism|neo-classical]] an [[Georgian airchitectur|Georgian]] period airchitectur.

Its maist famous street is [[Princes Street]], facin [[Edinburgh Castle]] an the [[Auld Toun, Edinburgh|Auld Toun]] athort the geographical depression o the umwhile [[Nor Loch]]. The Auld an New Touns wis designate a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid thegither in 1995.

==Preparin the grund==

Oreeginal plans tae creaut a New Toun in Edinburgh date back tae a general concept conseidert bi [[James VII, Keeng o Scots|Keeng James VII an II]] in the late 17t century.&lt;ref name = Glendinning/&gt;

The deceision tae bigg a New Toun wis taen bi the ceety faithers, efter owercroudin inside the Auld Toun ceety waws reakit breakin pynt an fur tae prevene an exodus o walthy ceetizens frae the ceety tae Lunnon.&lt;ref name = Glendinning&gt;{{cite book |last=Glendinning and MacKechnie|title=Scottish Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/scottisharchitec0000glen|publisher=Thames and Hudson|year=2004|isbn=0-500-20374-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/scottisharchitec0000glen/page/120 120]}}; citing pamphlet entitled 'Proposals for Carrying on Certain Public Works in the City of Edinburgh'&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Age o Enlichtenment]] haed arrived in Edinburgh, an the ootdatit ceety fabric didnae suit the modren thinkers wha bidit thare. [[Lord Provost]] [[George Drummond]] succeedit in stendin the boondary o the [[Ryal Burgh]] tae encompass the fields norlins o the Nor Loch, the hivily pollutit body o watter whilk occupee'd the strath immediately norlins o the ceety. A scheme tae dreep the Loch wis put intae action, awtho the process wisna fou complete till 1817. Crossin pynts wis biggit fur tae access the new land; the [[North Bridge, Edinburgh|North Bridge]] in 1772, an the Earthen Mound, whilk began as a tip fur material excavate durin construction o the New Toun. [[The Mound]], as it is kent the day, reached its present proportions in the 1830s.

As the successive stages o the New Toun wis developpit, the rich muivit northwart frae crampit tenements in narrae closes intae grand [[Georgian airchitectur|Georgian]] hames on wide roads. Housomeivver, the puir remained in the Auld Toun.

==The First New Toun==
A design competeetion wis held in Januar 1766 tae fynd a suitably modren layoot for the new suburb. It wis wan bi 26 year auld [[James Craig (airchitect)|James Craig]], wha, follaein the naitural contours o the laund, proponed a semple axial grid, wi a principal througang alang the rig linkin twa gairden squares. Twa ither main roads wis locatit doun the brae norlins an soothlins wi twa minor streets atween. Several [[mews]] aff the minor streets providit stable lanes fur the lairge hames. Completin the grid is three north-sooth cross streets.

Craig's oreeginal design haed been fur a centralisin diagonal layoot, reflectin a new era o ceevic Hanoverian Breetish patriotism bi echoin the design o the [[Union Banner]]. Whiles simpler, the revised design reflectit the same speirit in the names o its streets an ceevic spaces.&lt;ref name = Glendinning/&gt;

==Street names==
[[File:The New Town from Edinburgh Castle.JPG|thumb|left|View o the New Toun frae [[Edinburgh Castle]], lairgely obscured bi modren shoppin developments]]
The principal street wis namit George Street, efter the keeng at the time, [[George III o the Unitit Kinrick|George III]]. Queen Street wis tae be locatit norlins, namit efter his wife, an St. Giles Street tae the sooth, efter the ceety's patron saunt. St. Andrew's Square and St. George's Square wis the names chuisen tae represent the [[Acts o Union 1707|union o Scotland an Ingland]]. The idea wis continued wi the smawer Thistle Street (for Scotland's naitional emblem) atween George Street an Queen Street, an Rose Street (for Ingland's emblem) atween George Street an Princes Street.

Keeng George rejectit the name St. Giles Street, [[Saunt Giles|St Giles]] bein the patron saunt o lepers an the name o a slum aurie or 'rookery' on the edge o the Ceety o Lunnon. It wis tharefore renamit Princes Street efter his sons. The name o St. George's Square wis chyngit tae [[Charlotte Square]], efter [[Charlotte o Mecklenburg-Strelitz|the Queen]], tae avoid confuision wi the existin [[George Square, Edinburgh|George Square]] on the Auld Toun's Sooth Side. Thistle Street's wastmaist blocks wis renamit Hill Street an Young Street, garrin Thistle Street hauf the lenth o Rose Street. The three streets completin the grid, Castle, Frederick an Hanover Streets, wis named efter the view o the castle, Keeng George's faither [[Frederick, Prince o Wales|Frederick]], an the name o the ryal faimily respectively.

==Development==
Craig's proponins hit further problems whan development began. Initially the exposit new steid wis unpopular, leadin tae a £20 premium bein affert tae the first builder on steid. This wis receivit bi John Young wha biggit Thistle Court, the first biggins in the New Toun, at Thistle Street's east end in 1767. Insteid o biggin as a terrace as envisagit, he biggit a sma courtyard.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.ewht.org.uk/thistle-court | title = Thistle Court | accessdate = 2012-03-01 | archive-date = 2015-06-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150609050322/http://www.ewht.org.uk/thistle-court | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Douts wis owercome suin eneuch, an further construction stairtit in the east wi St. Andrew Square.

Craig haed proponed that George Street be terminate bi twa lairge kirks, situatit athin ilka square. [[Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet|Sir Lawrence Dundas]], the laundawner, decidit tae bigg his ain hame here, an commissioned a design frae Sir [[William Chambers (airchitect)|William Chambers]]. The ootcomin [[Palladian airchitectur|Palladian]] mansion, completit in 1774, is nou the heidquairters o the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]]. [[St Andra's an St George's Kirk, Edinburgh|St. Andra's Kirk]] haed tae be biggit on a steid on George Street. The lack o a visual termination at this street end wis remeedit in 1823 wi [[William Burn]]'s monument tae [[Henry Dundas, 1st Viscoont Melville|Henry Dundas]].

The first New Toun wis complete in 1820, wi the completion o Charlotte Square. This wis biggit tae a design bi [[Robert Adam]], an wis the anerlie airchitecturally unifee'd section o the New Toun. Adam producit a design for St. George's Kirk an aw, awtho his design wis supersedit bi that of [[Robert Reid (airchitect)|Robert Reid]]. The biggin, nou kent as West Register House, nou houses pairt o the [[National Archives of Scotland]]. Charlotte Square's north side featurs [[Bute House]] — umwhile the offeecial residence o the [[Secretary o State for Scotland]]. Syne [[devolution]]'s introduction intae Scotland, [[Bute House]] is the offeecial residence o the [[First Meenister o Scotland]].

[[File:Charlottesq2.jpg|thumb|centre|500px|Montage image o [[Robert Adam]]'s north side o Charlotte Square. [[Bute House]], the [[First Meenister o Scotland]]'s offeecial residence, is in the centre.]]

==Redevelopment==
[[File:Georgian buildings in Princes Street, Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|left|140px|Survivin Georgian biggins in Princes Street]]
The New Toun wis envisagit as a purely residential suburb. In the Seicont New Toun, tounhooses generally occupee'd the east-wast streets, wi tenements alang the north-sooth streets. Shops wis oreeginally generally restricted tae the lawer floors o the wider north-sooth streets. The lairger hooses haed service mews runnin ahint an parallel tae thair terraces. In the First New Toun this paitren wis less rigid, an it haed few planned commercial grund floors.

It didnae tak lang fur the commercial potential o the steid tae be realisit. Shops wis suin appent on Princes Street, an durin the 19t century the majority o the tounhooses on that street wur replacit wi lairger commercial biggins. Occasional piecemeal redevelopment continues tae this day, tho maist o Queen Street an Thistle Street, an lairge sections o George Street, Hanover, Frederick an Castle Streets, are still lined wi thair oreeginal late 18t century biggins.  Vera lairge sections o the Seicont New Toun, biggit frae the early 19t century is still exactly as biggit an aw.

==Later addeetions==
[[File:Great King Street, Edinburgh New Town.JPG|thumb|Great King Street. Pairt o the northren extension tae the oreeginal New Toun]]
[[File:Moray Place, Edinburgh New Town.JPG|thumb|Moray Place. Pairt o the wastren extension tae the oreeginal New Toun]]
[[File:Regent Terrace Edinburgh3.JPG|thumb|right|Regent Terrace. Pairt o the eastren extension o the oreeginal New Toun]]
[[File:Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|Drumsheugh Gardens. Pairt o the further wastren, Victorian extension tae the New Toun]]
Efter 1800, the success o the first New Toun led tae grander schemes. The 'Northren New Toun' aimit tae extend Edinburgh frae the North o Queen Street Gardens&lt;ref name = EdCouncil&gt;{{cite web | year=2005 | url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/downloads/file/1503/new_town_conservation_area_character_appraisal | author=The City of Edinburgh Council | title=New Town Conservation Area Character Appraisal | accessdate=2011-06-13 | archive-date=2012-03-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313203734/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/downloads/file/1503/new_town_conservation_area_character_appraisal | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; aw the wey till the [[Watter o Leith]], wi extensions tae the East an Wast.  Thir developments teuk place maistly atween 1800-1830.  Initial designs follaeed the oreeginal grid orientation o Craig’s First New Toun, wi entire streets bein biggit as ane construction. Biggin continued on an extendit Hanover Street, here namit Dundas Street, amaist 1&amp;nbsp;km tae the Watter o Leith at Canonmills. Braid streets an grand squares wis laid oot tae aither side. The Picardy Place extension (includin Broughton Street, Union Street an East London Street) wis maistly feenisht bi 1809.&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt;  Tae the Wast o the oreeginal New Toun, Shandwick Place, an extension o Princes Street, wis stairtit in 1805.  Development o Melville Street an the aurie North o Shandwick Place follaeed in 1825.&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt;  The Gayfield Estate (Gayfield Square) extension wis designed in 1807 an frae aroond 1813 the New Toun gradually replacit an developit the aulder veelage o [[Stockbridge, Edinburgh|Stockbridge]].&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt; The Painter [[Henry Raeburn]] bocht the Deanhough estate in the Northwast o the New Toun an stairtit development in 1813 wi Ann Street namit efter his wife.&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt; In 1822 the [[Earl o Moray]], haed plans drawn up tae develop his estates (includin Moray Place) in the Northwest o the New Toun slopin doun tae the Watter o Leith an aw.&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt;

Fur tae stend the New Toun eastart, the Lord Provost, Sir John [[Marjoribanks]], succeedit in gettin the elegant [[Regent Bridge]] biggit. It wis complete in 1819. The brig spanned a deep ravine wi narrae inconvenient streets an made access tae [[Calton Hill]] hintle easier an greeable frae Princes Street.&lt;ref name = Report&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=27945 |title=Regent Bridge, Listed Building Report |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=2009-10-17 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Edinburgh Toun Cooncil organisit a competeetion for plans tae develop the Eastren New Toun but the result wis inconclusive.  Hinderly, designs bi the Airchitect [[William Henry Playfair]] wis uised tae develop [[Calton Hill]] an Edinburgh’s Eastren New Toun frae 1820 forrit.&lt;ref&gt;[http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=49769 Listit building report o a house in Regent Terrace]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}  Includes historical description of the development of Edinburgh’s Eastern New Town.  Accessed 2009-08-10&lt;/ref&gt; Playfair’s designs wis intendit tae creaut a New Toun even mair magnificent than Craig's.&lt;ref name = Youngson&gt;Youngson, A.J. (2001): “The Companion Guide to Edinburgh and the borders”, Chapter 9 (Calton Hill), [[Polygon Books]], Edinburgh, UK, ISBN 0-7486-6307-X&lt;/ref&gt; [[Regent Terrace]], Calton Terrace an Royal Terrace wur biggit but the developments norlins o Lunnon Road wis niver fully completit.  On the Sooth side o Calton Hill, various monuments wis erectit as weel as the [[Old Royal High School]] in Greek revival style.

A few modest developments in [[Canonmills]] wis stairtit in the 1820s but nane wis complete at that time.  Fur several decades, the [[tannage]] operations o at [[Silvermills]] inhibitit development in the immediate vicinity. Frae the 1830s forrit, development slawed but follaein the completion in 1831 o [[Thomas Telford]]’s Dean Bridge, the Dean Estate haed some developments biggit. Thir includit the Dean Orphanage (nou the [[Dean Gallery]]), [[Daniel Stewart's College]], streets tae the northeast o Queensferry Street (in the 1850s), Buckingham Terrace (in 1860) an Learmonth Terrace (in 1873).&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt; Plans tae develop the Moray Estate wur drawn up in 1822 an maist steids wur sauld bi 1836,&lt;ref name=Gifford&gt;{{cite book | last1=Gifford | first1=John | last2=McWilliam | first2=Colin | last3=Walker | first3=David | title=The buildings of Scotland: Edinburgh | url=https://archive.org/details/edinburgh0000giff | publisher=Penguin Books | year=1984 | isbn=0-14-071068-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; awtho some biggins wur no biggit till 1855.&lt;ref name = EdCouncil/&gt;

In the 19t century, Edinburgh's seicont railwey, the [[Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway]], biggit a tunnel unner the New Toun tae link Scotland Street wi Canal Street (later absorbit intae [[Edinburgh Waverley railwey station|Waverley Station]]). Efter its closur, the tunnel wis uised tae growe puddock-stuils, an durin [[Warld War II]] as an air raid shelter.

==Principal losses==

Gien the great continuity o the biggit form in the New Toun it is quicker tae leet wha little haes gane, rather than muse on the numerous streets which are unchyngit.

Bellevue House bi [[Robert Adam]], whilk became the Excise or Custom House, wis biggit in 1775, afore the New Toun raxt the aurie, in whit is nou Drummond Place Gardens. Great Keeng Street an Lunnon Street in the Northren or Seicont New Toun wis aligned on this biggin but it wis demolisht in the 1840s due tae the Scotland Street railwey tunnel construction ablo.&lt;ref name=Gifford/&gt;

Lost streets include the anes in the St James Square aurie, demolisht in the 1960s tae mak wey fur the St James Shopping Centre an offices fur the [[Scottish Office]]. This wis demolisht lairgely on the basis o bein slums, but this generally wisnae defined on a structural basis.

Forby demolished as slums wis Jamaica Street bewast the Seicont New Toun.

==Cultur==
[[File:Street lamp, Edinburgh New Town.jpg|thumb|120px|New Toun street lamps]]
The New Toun is hame tae the [[National Gallery of Scotland]] an the [[Royal Scottish Academy Building|Royal Scottish Academy]], locatit on The Mound. The [[Scottish National Portrait Gallery]] is on Queen Street. Ither notable biggins includes the Assembly Rooms on George Street, the [[Balmoral Hotel]] (umwhile cried the ''North British Hotel'', efter a railwey company) wi its laundmerk clock touer abuin [[Edinburgh Waverley railwey station|Waverley Station]], an the [[Scott Monument]].

The [[Cockburn Association]] (Edinburgh Civic Trust) is prominent in campaignin tae preserve the airchitectural integrity o the New Toun.

==Shoppin==
The New Toun conteens Edinburgh's main shoppin streets. Princes Street is hame tae mony chain shops, as weel as [[Jenners|Jenners depairtment store]], an Edinburgh institution. [[George Street, Edinburgh|George Street]], ance the financial centre, nou haes numerous modren bars, mony occupyin umwhile bankin haws, while the new Multrees Walk on St. Andrew's Square is hame tae [[Harvey Nichols]] an ither designer shops. The [[St. James Centre]], at the east end o the New Toun, is an indoor maw completit in 1970. Aften conseidert an wanwalcome addition tae New Toun airchitectur, it includes a lairge [[John Lewis Partnership|John Lewis]] branch. Forby, bi the [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Waverley Railway Station]] lees the Princes Mall, whilk conteens mony heich street stores.

==See an aw==
* [[Warld Heritage Steids in Scotland]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further readin==
*Davey, Andy et al. ''The Care and Conservation of Georgian Houses: A maintenance manual for Edinburgh New Town''. 4t edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. ISBN 0-7506-1860-4

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/728 UNESCO World Heritage Site Inscription]
*http://www.aboutscotland.com/edin/newtown.html

{{Auries o Edinburgh}}

{{#invoke:coordinates|coord|display=title}}

[[Category:New Toun, Edinburgh| ]]
[[Category:Auries o Edinburgh]]</text>
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    <title>Greater Dublin Aurie</title>
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| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Image:Greater Dublin Area.png|200px|Nummered cairt o the Greater Dublin Aurie]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; |
#[[Dublin]] ceety
#[[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
#[[Sooth Dublin]]
#[[Fingal]]
#[[Coonty Meath|Meath]] 
#[[Coonty Kildare|Kildare]] 
#[[Coonty Wicklow|Wicklow]]
|}
The '''Greater Dublin Aurie''' ('''GDA''') ([[Erse leid|Erse]]: ''Mórcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath''), or simply '''Greater Dublin''', is the ceety o [[Dublin]] an various coonties in the hinterland o the ceety in [[Republic o Ireland|Ireland]]. The term itsel haes nae basis in law an nae local govrenment, depairtment o govrenment or agency o the state is boond bi the it. Popularly understood, the Greater Dublin Aurie includes the [[Dublin Region]] that is made up o the ceety o [[Dublin]] (that pairt o the caipital ceety athin the jurisdiction o [[Dublin City Council]]) plus three neebourin coonties; [[Sooth Dublin]], [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]] an [[Fingal]].  It mey include the [[Mid-East Region, Ireland|Mid-East Region]], which abuts the Dublin Region. In this case it wad include the local govrenment auries o [[Coonty Meath]], [[Coonty Kildare]], an [[County Wicklow]]. While thir regions are pairt of [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|&quot;NUTS&quot;]] seestem o the [[European Union]], thare is no [[Eurostat]] recognition o the combined regions.

==Umwhile boondaries==
The urban pairt o Dublin an surroondin auries haes been defined bi various statutory instruments, mainly those referrin tae the [[Garda Síochána]] an [[Courts o the Republic o Ireland]]. Housomeivver, syne 2009, the Garda Diveesion o the Dublin Metropolitan Aurie no langer owerlaps, if it iver did, wi the Greater Dublin Aurie; it is insteid co-extensive wi the Dublin Region.
The ceety an five coonties wur mentioned in the order creatin the [[Dublin Transportation Office]], givin functions an representations tae the office in the Greater Dublin Aurie, awtho no uisin the term. The office wis purely advisory an haed nae executive pouers. The term wis defined in section 3 o the Dublin Transportation Authority Bill, 2008 an aw. This bill wis niver enactit. On 1 December 2009 the DTO wis dissolvit sae this term, if it iver haed legal significance, ceased tae hae relevance as far as the DTO is concerned.&lt;ref&gt;Retrieved from [[Dublin Transportation Office]].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Population==
The population o the Greater Dublin Aurie (uisin the seicont definition o Dublin Ceety, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Fingal, Sooth Dublin, Kildare, Meath an Wicklow) as o [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Census 2011]] wis 1,801,040 fowk.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cso.ie/statistics/popofeachprovcountycity2006.htm Population of each Province, County and City, 2006]&lt;/ref&gt; This equates tae 39.3% of Ireland's population. Estimates published bi the Central Statistics Office suggest that the population will reach 2.1 million bi 2021, an 2.4 million bi 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/poppro.pdf |title=CSO Ireland - ''Regional Population Projections 2011-2026'' |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2008-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204400/http://www.cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/poppro.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The figurs are based on a regional breakdoun o previously published naitional population projections an assume that current demographic trends will continue.

The CSO uises the first definition which comprises Dublin Ceety (as legally defined) thegither wi its [[suburb]]s in the three adjacent coonties o Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Fingal, an Sooth Dublin an aw.
&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |title=Census 2006 Volume 1 - Population Classified by Area: Appendices |url=http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census_2006_Appendices.pdf |pages=Appendix 2, p.164:   Dublin Area |format=[[PDF]] |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office]] |date=26 April 2007 
|author=Central Statistics Office |authorlink=Central Statistics Office |accessdate=2007-09-15 |quote=The description Greater Dublin Area in the 2006 Census denotes Dublin City and its suburbs |nopp=true}}
&lt;/ref&gt;  The boondaries for suburbs are no legally defined, but drawn an revisit bi the CSO in accordance wi [[Unitit Naitions]] recommendations.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |title=Census 2006 Volume 1 - Population Classified by Area: Appendices |pages=Appendix 2, p.163: Towns (i) Towns with Legally Defined Boundaries |author=Central Statistics Office |date=26 April 2007 |accessdate=2007-09-15 |quote=where urban areas have extended beyond the legally defined town boundary, the Central Statistics Office draws up new boundaries defining the suburban areas of Cities/Boroughs ... for census purposes ... in conformity with United Nations recommendations, as the continuation of a distinct population cluster outside its legally defined boundary in which no occupied dwelling is more than 200 metres distant from the nearest occupied dwelling ... The suburban boundaries were reviewed for each subsequent census. A comprehensive review was carried out as part of the processing phase of the 2006 Census. |nopp=true}}&lt;/ref&gt;  The population o the Dublin urban aurie in 2006 wis as follaes:
&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |title=Census 2006 Volume 1 - Population Classified by Area: Tables 7 and 12 
|url=http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_Table_7_and_12.pdf |pages=Table 12, p.139: Alphabetical list of Towns with their population, 2002 and 2006 |format=[[PDF]] |author=Central Statistics Office |date=26 April 2007 |accessdate=2007-09-15 |nopp=true}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|Tot           
|align=&quot;right&quot;|1,045,769
|-
|Ceety            
|align=&quot;right&quot;|  506,211
|-
|Suburbs        
|align=&quot;right&quot;| 
|- 
|&amp;ndash; in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown 
|align=&quot;right&quot;|  188,761
|-
|&amp;ndash; in Fingal                 
|align=&quot;right&quot;|  114,623
|-
|&amp;ndash; in Sooth Dublin           
|align=&quot;right&quot;|  236,174 
|}

This is kent as the ''Dublin Urban Aurie'' an aw.

===Historical===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Census Year
!Population&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/database/eirestat/Census%20of%20Population/Census%20of%20Population.asp Central Statistics Office - Census of Population Database]&lt;/ref&gt;
!Proportion†
|-
|1841
|683,232
|10.5%
|-
|1851
|740,597
|14.5%
|-
|1861
|698,050
|15.9%
|-
|1871
|663,131
|16.4%
|-
|1881
|652,569
|16.9%
|-
|1891
|628,539
|18.1%
|-
|1901
|640,093
|19.9%
|-
|1911
|669,625
|21.3%
|-
|1926
|685,242
|23.1%
|-
|1936
|774,791
|26.1%
|-
|1946
|827,725
|28.0%
|-
|1961
|906,347
|32.2%
|-
|1971
|1,062,220
|35.7%
|-
|1981
|1,290,154
|37.5%
|-
|1986
|1,336,119
|37.8%
|-
|1991
|1,350,595
|38.3%
|-
|1996
|1,405,671
|38.8%
|-
|2002
|1,535,446
|39.2%
|-
|2006
|1,662,536
|39.2%
|-
|2011
|1,801,040
|39.3%
|}

† &quot;Proportion&quot; here means the proportion o fowk livin in the GDA when compared wi the nummer livin in the territory that is the present-day [[Republic o Ireland]].

==See an aw==
*[[The Pale]]
*[[Greater Belfast]]
*[[Derry Urban Aurie]]
*[[:en:List of metropolitan areas in Europe|Leet o metropolitan auries in Europe
]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI394Y1993.html Local Government Act, 1991 (Regional Authorities) (Establishment) Order, 1993] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211080238/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI394Y1993.html |date=2007-02-11 }}
* [http://www.dra.ie/ Dublin Regional Authority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040719074422/http://www.dra.ie/ |date=2004-07-19 }}
* [http://www.mera.ie/ Mid-East Regional Authority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406225326/http://www.mera.ie/ |date=2005-04-06 }}
*[http://www.dublinblog.ie/ The Dublin Community Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306081908/http://www.dublinblog.ie/ |date=2013-03-06 }}
*[http://www.rte.ie/news/2005/0525/cso.html Greater Dublin population to reach two million, from RTÉ News]
*[http://www.spggda.ie/ Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050402034806/http://www.spggda.ie/ |date=2005-04-02 }}
*[http://beyond2020.cso.ie/censusasp/saps/boundaries/city-towns_bound.htm Cities/Towns Boundaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109043921/http://beyond2020.cso.ie/censusasp/saps/boundaries/city-towns_bound.htm |date=2009-11-09 }} CSO page wi links tae [[Shapefile]] data for the boundary o the CSO-defined Greater Dublin Area; readable bi [[Geographic information system]]s

[[Category:Metropolitan auries o Ireland|Dublin]]
[[Category:Leinster]]</text>
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    <title>Al-Qadmus</title>
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|subdivision_name1      = [[Tartus Govrenorate]]
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|subdivision_name2      = [[Baniyas Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Al-Qadmus
|settlement_type        = Toun&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
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|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
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|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
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|unit_pref              = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2             =
|area_land_km2              =
|area_water_km2             =
|area_total_sq_mi        =
|area_land_sq_mi         =
|area_water_sq_mi        =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2             =
|area_urban_sq_mi        =
|area_metro_km2             =
|area_metro_sq_mi        =
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 5,551
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|35|6|5|N|36|9|40|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Al-Qadmus''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;القدموس&lt;/big&gt;}}, spelled '''al-Qadmous''' an aw) is a toun in northwastren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]], locatit northeast o [[Tartus]] an juist east o the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast. Nearbi localities include [[Kaff al-Jaa]] an [[Masyaf]] tae the east, [[Wadi al-'Uyun]] an [[al-Shaykh Badr]] tae the sooth, [[Hammam Wasel]], [[al-Qamsiyah]] an [[Maten al-Sahel]] tae the soothwast, [[Taanita]] tae the wast, [[al-Annazeh]] tae the northwast an [[Deir Mama]] tae the northeast. Accordin tae the [[:en:Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)|Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics]], al-Qadmus haed a population o 5,551 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-11-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054244/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-11-2004.htm |date=2019-12-17 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Idlib Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tartus Govrenorate}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Baniyas Destrict]]
[[Category:Touns in Sirie]]</text>
      <sha1>5aic8ju7jwigrrrl9hj0hvedcody3qt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921736</id>
      <parentid>921577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:38:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2195" sha1="ii3clljo7d9m5vm1r74i6pfhsakmb2d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = al-Qadmus
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;القدموس&lt;/big&gt;
|pushpin_map            =Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        =250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tartus Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Baniyas Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Al-Qadmus
|settlement_type        = Toun
|unit_pref              = Metric
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_total       = 5,551
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|35|6|5|N|36|9|40|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
}}
'''Al-Qadmus''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;القدموس&lt;/big&gt;}}, spelled '''al-Qadmous''' an aw) is a toun in northwastren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]], locatit northeast o [[Tartus]] an juist east o the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast. Nearbi localities include [[Kaff al-Jaa]] an [[Masyaf]] tae the east, [[Wadi al-'Uyun]] an [[al-Shaykh Badr]] tae the sooth, [[Hammam Wasel]], [[al-Qamsiyah]] an [[Maten al-Sahel]] tae the soothwast, [[Taanita]] tae the wast, [[al-Annazeh]] tae the northwast an [[Deir Mama]] tae the northeast. Accordin tae the [[:en:Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)|Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics]], al-Qadmus haed a population o 5,551 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-11-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054244/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-11-2004.htm |date=2019-12-17 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Idlib Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tartus Govrenorate}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Baniyas Destrict]]
[[Category:Touns in Sirie]]</text>
      <sha1>ii3clljo7d9m5vm1r74i6pfhsakmb2d</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Samarra</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921494</origin>
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      <text bytes="2949" sha1="o2aq8j72mnpsg6r0uez1v7w9gu7smpm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Sāmarrā'
|other_name             = Samarra
|native_name            = سامَراء &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|settlement_type        = Ceety&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|image_skyline          = Great Mosque of Samarra.jpg
|imagesize              = 200px
|image_caption          =[[Malwiya|Minaret]] at the [[Great Mosque o Samarra]]
|pushpin_map            = Iraq&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Iraq}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Iraq|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Saladin Province]]
|population_as_of               = 2003 est&lt;ref name=&quot;hhcom1.co.cc&quot;&gt;http://hhcom1.co.cc/english/Salah-Al-Din.html{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total               = 348,700
|footnotes = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_offname =  Samarra Airchaeological Ceety
   | designation1_date = 2007 &lt;small&gt;(33rd [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])&lt;/small&gt;
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv
   | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/276 276]
   | designation1_free1name = State Pairty
   | designation1_free1value = {{flag|Iraq}}
   | designation1_free2name = Region
   | designation1_free2value = [[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States|Arab States]]
   | designation1_free3name = Endangered
   | designation1_free3value = 2007–''present''
}}
|coordinates            = {{coord|34|11|54|N|43|52|27|E|region:IQ|display=inline}}
}} &lt;!-- Infobox ends --&gt;

'''Sāmarrā''' ({{lang-ar|سامَرّاء}}) is a ceety in [[Iraq]]. It staunds on the east bank o the [[Tigris]] in the [[Saladin Province]], {{convert|125|km|mi|sp=us}} north o [[Baghdad]] an, in 2003, haed an estimatit population o 348,700.&lt;ref name=&quot;hhcom1.co.cc&quot;/&gt;

The offeecial name as referencit bi coins wis the [[Arabic]] phrase “Surra man ra’a” ({{lang-ar|سر من رأى}}), which translates tae “who sees it rejoices”. But in vernacular it wis ayes cried Samarra.

In 2007, [[UNESCO]] namit Samarra ane of its [[Warld Heritage Steids]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6248244.stm | work=BBC News | title=Unesco names World Heritage sites | date=2007-06-28 | accessdate=2010-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Destricts o Iraq}}

[[Category:Samarra|*]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Iraq]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Iraq]]
[[Category:Destrict caipitals o Iraq]]
[[Category:Fertile Crescent]]
[[Category:Haly ceeties]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Saladin Province]]
[[Category:Shia haly ceeties]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage in Danger]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Iraq]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921521</id>
      <parentid>921494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:22:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2740" sha1="erlzsyx3xt5tt3jngclkfb83gou3644" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Sāmarrā'
|other_name             = Samarra
|native_name            = سامَراء 
|settlement_type        = Ceety
|image_skyline          = Great Mosque of Samarra.jpg
|imagesize              = 200px
|image_caption          =[[Malwiya|Minaret]] at the [[Great Mosque o Samarra]]
|pushpin_map            = Iraq
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Iraq}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Iraq|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Saladin Province]]
|population_as_of               = 2003 est&lt;ref name=&quot;hhcom1.co.cc&quot;&gt;http://hhcom1.co.cc/english/Salah-Al-Din.html{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total               = 348,700
|footnotes = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_offname =  Samarra Airchaeological Ceety
   | designation1_date = 2007 &lt;small&gt;(33rd [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])&lt;/small&gt;
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv
   | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/276 276]
   | designation1_free1name = State Pairty
   | designation1_free1value = {{flag|Iraq}}
   | designation1_free2name = Region
   | designation1_free2value = [[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States|Arab States]]
   | designation1_free3name = Endangered
   | designation1_free3value = 2007–''present''
}}
|coordinates            = {{coord|34|11|54|N|43|52|27|E|region:IQ|display=inline}}
}} &lt;!-- Infobox ends --&gt;

'''Sāmarrā''' ({{lang-ar|سامَرّاء}}) is a ceety in [[Iraq]]. It staunds on the east bank o the [[Tigris]] in the [[Saladin Province]], {{convert|125|km|mi|sp=us}} north o [[Baghdad]] an, in 2003, haed an estimatit population o 348,700.&lt;ref name=&quot;hhcom1.co.cc&quot;/&gt;

The offeecial name as referencit bi coins wis the [[Arabic]] phrase “Surra man ra’a” ({{lang-ar|سر من رأى}}), which translates tae “who sees it rejoices”. But in vernacular it wis ayes cried Samarra.

In 2007, [[UNESCO]] namit Samarra ane of its [[Warld Heritage Steids]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6248244.stm | work=BBC News | title=Unesco names World Heritage sites | date=2007-06-28 | accessdate=2010-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Destricts o Iraq}}

[[Category:Samarra|*]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Iraq]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Iraq]]
[[Category:Destrict caipitals o Iraq]]
[[Category:Fertile Crescent]]
[[Category:Haly ceeties]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Saladin Province]]
[[Category:Shia haly ceeties]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage in Danger]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Iraq]]</text>
      <sha1>erlzsyx3xt5tt3jngclkfb83gou3644</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brummanet al-Mashayekh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>43641</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921582</id>
      <parentid>918222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:48:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921582</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3428" sha1="tmbp82pkp64w47t6zbpykt9rxb29tzk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Brummanet al-Mashayekh
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;برمانة المشايخ&lt;/big&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|pushpin_map            =Syria&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =
|settlement_type        = Toun&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tartus Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Al-Shaykh Badr Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Brummanet al-Mashayekh
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref              = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2             =
|area_land_km2              =
|area_water_km2             =
|area_total_sq_mi        =
|area_land_sq_mi         =
|area_water_sq_mi        =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2             =
|area_urban_sq_mi        =
|area_metro_km2             =
|area_metro_sq_mi        =
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 3666
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|35|1|3|N|36|10|10|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m              = 
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Brummanet al-Mashayekh''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;برمانة المشايخ&lt;/big&gt;}}) is a toun in northwastren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]], locatit northeast o [[Tartus]]. Nearbi localities include [[al-Annazeh]], [[Maten al-Sahel]] an [[al-Shaykh Badr]] tae the wast, [[Kaff al-Jaa]] an [[al-Qadmus]] tae the north an [[Wadi al-Oyun]] an [[Ayn Halaqim]] tae the sootheast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS), Brummanet al-Mashayekh haed a population of 3,666 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-26-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216044248/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-26-2004.htm |date=2019-12-16 }}. [[:en:Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)|Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics]] (CBS). Tartus Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tartus Govrenorate|shaykh}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Al-Shaykh Badr Destrict]]
[[Category:Touns in Sirie]]</text>
      <sha1>tmbp82pkp64w47t6zbpykt9rxb29tzk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921740</id>
      <parentid>921582</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:42:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2117" sha1="4e0yk2zed7mdcps89dos85czosm4ymy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Brummanet al-Mashayekh
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;برمانة المشايخ&lt;/big&gt;
|pushpin_map            =Syria
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|settlement_type        = Toun
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tartus Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Al-Shaykh Badr Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Brummanet al-Mashayekh
|unit_pref              = Metric
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_total       = 3666
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|35|1|3|N|36|10|10|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
}}
'''Brummanet al-Mashayekh''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;برمانة المشايخ&lt;/big&gt;}}) is a toun in northwastren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]], locatit northeast o [[Tartus]]. Nearbi localities include [[al-Annazeh]], [[Maten al-Sahel]] an [[al-Shaykh Badr]] tae the wast, [[Kaff al-Jaa]] an [[al-Qadmus]] tae the north an [[Wadi al-Oyun]] an [[Ayn Halaqim]] tae the sootheast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS), Brummanet al-Mashayekh haed a population of 3,666 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-26-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216044248/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-26-2004.htm |date=2019-12-16 }}. [[:en:Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)|Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics]] (CBS). Tartus Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tartus Govrenorate|shaykh}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Al-Shaykh Badr Destrict]]
[[Category:Touns in Sirie]]</text>
      <sha1>4e0yk2zed7mdcps89dos85czosm4ymy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Llanfairpwllgwyngyll</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44015</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921651</id>
      <parentid>917080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:47:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="13760" sha1="j4s6ys2psyd8fbdd018i5fee9f9lidy" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox UK place 
|country = Wales
|official_name= Llanfairpwllgwyngyll
|local_name = Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch&lt;!-- not really the &quot;local&quot; name but the unofficial name--&gt;
|coordinates        = {{coord|53.223|-4.200|display=inline,title}}
| label_position = top
|unitary_wales=           [[Anglesey]]
|lieutenancy_wales=        [[Gwynedd]]
|constituency_westminster=      [[Ynys Môn (UK Pairlament constituency)|Ynys Môn]]
|constituency_welsh_assembly=   [[Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency)|Ynys Môn]]
|post_town= LLANFAIRPWLLGWYNGYLL
|postcode_district= LL61
|postcode_area= LL   
|dial_code= 01248
|os_grid_reference= 
| population = 3,040
| population_ref = ([[2001 UK census]])
 }}

'''Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch''' (&lt;small&gt;Welsh pronunciation:&lt;/small&gt; {{IPA-cy|ˌɬanvairˌpuɬɡwɨ̞ŋˌɡɨ̞ɬɡoˌɡɛrəˌχwɨ̞rnˌdrobuɬˌɬantɨ̞ˌsiljoˌɡoɡoˈɡoːχ||Cy-Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (Welsh pronunciation, recorded 17-05-2012).ogg}}) is a lairge veelage an [[commonty (Wales)|commonty]] on the island o [[Anglesey]] in [[Wales]], situatit on the [[Menai Strait]] next tae the [[Britannia Brig]] an athort the strait frae [[Bangor, Gwynedd|Bangor]]. This veelage haes the langest place name in Europe an ane o the [[Leet o lang place names|langest place names]] in the warld. The short form o the veelage's name is '''Llanfairpwllgwyngyll''', spelt '''Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll''' an aw. It is commonly kent as '''Llanfair PG''' or '''Llanfairpwll'''.

Accordin tae the 2001 census, the population o the commonty is 3,040,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&amp;b=801487&amp;c=llanfair+pwllgwyngyll&amp;d=16&amp;e=15&amp;g=413017&amp;i=1001x1003x1004&amp;m=0&amp;enc=1&amp;dsFamilyId=779 |title=Neighbourhood Statistics |access-date=2013-01-09 |archive-date=2007-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206164558/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&amp;b=801487&amp;c=llanfair+pwllgwyngyll&amp;d=16&amp;e=15&amp;g=413017&amp;i=1001x1003x1004&amp;m=0&amp;enc=1&amp;dsFamilyId=779 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 76% o that speak [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] fluently; the heichest percentage o speakers is in the 10–14 age group, whaur 97.1% can speak Welsh. It is the [[Leet o Anglesey touns bi population|fift maistmuckel dounset on the island]] bi population.

Visitors stap at the [[Llanfairpwll railwey station|railwey station]] tae hae their photie taen nixt tae the station sign, veesit the nearbi Visitors' Centre, or hae 'passports' stampit at a local shop. Anither tourist attraction is the naurhaun Marquess o Anglesey's Column, whilk at a hicht o {{convert|27|m}} affers views ower Anglesey an the Menai Strait. Designed bi [[Thomas Harrison (architect)|Thomas Harrison]], the monument celebrates the heroism o [[Henry Paget, 1st Marquess o Anglesey]] at the [[Battle o Waterloo]].

==Name==
The lang form o the name is the langest offeecially recognisit place name in the [[Unitit Kinrick]] an ane o the langest in the warld, bein 58 characters in lenth (51 letters syne &quot;[[Ch (digraph)#Voiceless velar fricative|ch]]&quot; an &quot;[[Ll#Welsh|ll]]&quot; are [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]], or single letters, in the Welsh leid).

The name means: &lt;nowiki&gt;[St.]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Mary's Kirk (Llanfair) &lt;nowiki&gt;[in]&lt;/nowiki&gt; the howe (pwll) o the white hazel (gwyngyll) near (goger) the rapid whirlpuil (y chwyrndrobwll) &lt;nowiki&gt;[an]&lt;/nowiki&gt; the kirk o &lt;nowiki&gt;[St.]&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Tysilio]] (llantysilio) wi a reid cave ([a]g ogo goch).

This veelage wis oreeginally kent as ''Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll'' (an is whiles still referred tae as ''Llanfairpwllgwyngyll'') an wis gien its lang name in the 19t century in an ettle at developin the veelage as a commercial an tourist centre (see Significance o the name belaw). Thir days, the veelage is still signpostit as ''Llanfairpwllgwyngyll'', merkit on [[Ordnance Survey]] maps as ''Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll'' an is kent tae locals as ''Llanfairpwll'' or simply ''Llanfair''.

The name is seen shortened tae ''Llanfair PG'', whilk is sufficient tae distinguish it frae the mony ither Welsh veelages wi ''Llanfair'' in thair names.  Ither variant forms uise the fou name but wi ''tysilio'' [[Welsh morphology#Soft mutation|mutatit]] tae ''dysilio'', an/or wi a hyphen atween ''drobwll'' an ''llan''.  In [[Welsh leid|Welsh]], the initial ''Ll'' mey be [[Consonant mutation#Celtic languages|mutatit]] tae a single ''L'' in some contexts.

===Significance o the name===
{{wide image|Llanfair PG.png|800px|Illustration o a sign shawin the name an Inglis translation o the toun}}
The veelage's lang name canna be conseidert an authentic Welsh-leid [[toponym]]. It wis airtificially contrivit in the 1860s tae bestow upon the station the honour o haein the langest name o ony railwey station in Breetain; an early insaumple o a [[publicity stunt]].  The veelage's ain wabsteid credits the name tae a souter frae the local veelage o Menai Brig. Accordin tae Sir [[John Morris-Jones]], the name wis creaut bi a local tylor, whase name he didna confide, lattin the secret dee wi him. The current postmark shaws the name Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Housomeivver, thare contemporary insaumples o the fou name seen ablo.

[[File:Llanfair Church.jpg|thumb|[[St Mary's Kirk, Llanfairpwllgwyngyll|St Mary's Kirk]]]]
The veelage wis oreeginally kent as 'Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll' &quot;St Mary's kirk in [the [[tounship]] named] howe o the white hazel.&quot; 'Pwllgwyngyll' wis the oreeginal mediaeval [[tounship]] whaur the veelage is the day.&lt;ref&gt;Melville Richards, 'Place Names', in ''An Atlas of Anglesey'' (Anglesey Community Council. Llangefni, 1972). The late Professor Melville wis ane o Wales' leadin authorities on place names.&lt;/ref&gt; Auld variants (wi the Welsh spellin normalisit) wur Llanfair y Pwllgwyngyll (&quot;y&quot; = '(o) the'), an Llanfair Ymhwll Gwyngyll ('mh' is a [[sandhi]] chynge frae 'n p', an &quot;yn&quot; = 'in').

The veelage is split intae twae smawer veelages, Llanfairpwllgwyngyll-uchaf (Upper Llanfairpwllgwyngyll) the oreeginal pairt o the veelage an Llanfairpwllgwyngyll-isaf (Lawer Llanfairpwllgwyngyll) the newer aurie nearer the railwey station. Thae are occasionally referred tae as Pentre Uchaf an Pentre Isaf (Upper Veelage an Lawer Veelage) respectively.

===Pronunciation===
[[Image:Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch-railway-station-sign-2011-09-21-GR2 1837a.JPG|thumb|left|The sign at the railwey station gies thareby the correct pronunciation for [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] speakers]]
[[Image:Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch.JPG|thumb|left|James Pringle Weavers shop wi Inglis translation o the name.]]

The fou name o the veelage is {{IPA-cy|ˌɬanvairˌpuɬɡwɨ̞ŋˌɡɨ̞ɬɡoˌɡɛrəˌχwərənˌdrobuɬˌɬantɨ̞ˌsiljoˌɡoɡoˈɡoːχ|}}, or wi {{IPA|[ɪ]}} for {{IPA|[ɨ̞]}}, {{IPA|[pʊɬ, bʊɬ]}} for {{IPA|[puɬ, buɬ]}}, dependin on the speaker's accent.

{{Listen|filename=Cy-Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (Welsh pronunciation, recorded 17-05-2012).ogg|title=Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch pronunciation|description=Male Welsh speaker pronouncing Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch.|format=[[Ogg]]}}

The approximate pronunciation in Inglis orthografie is gien at the station as: ''Llan-vire-pooll-guin-gill-go-ger-u-chwurn-drob-ooll-llantus-ilio-gogo-goch''. The ''ch'' is a [[voiceless uvular fricative]] {{IPA|[χ]}} or [[voiceless velar fricative]] as in &quot;Bach&quot; ({{IPA|[bax]}}: see [[ach-Laut]]) in maist varieties o [[German leid|German]]. The ''ll'' is a [[voiceless lateral fricative]] {{IPA|[ɬ]}}, a soond that disna occur in Scots an is whiles approximate as {{IPA|[θl]}} (''thl'' as in ''athlete'') or even {{IPA|[xl]}} bi Inglis speakers.
Thare is even [http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/how-to-say-llanfairpg/id408209568 a sang on iTunes] wi a lesson on hou tae pronoonce the name.

===Rival names===

Thare haes been several attempts tae steal the veelage's record: 
*The [[Carmarthenshire]] veelage o [[Llanfynydd]] unoffeecially adoptit the name ''Llanhyfryddawelllehynafolybarcudprindanfygythiadtrienusyrhafnauole'' in 2004 in protest o plans tae erect a naurhaun [[wind ferm]]  (the name means &quot;a quiet bonnie veelage; a historic place wi rare [[Kite (bird)|kite]] unner threat frae wretched blades&quot;). 
*A station on the [[Fairbourne Railway]] wis namit ''[[Gorsafawddacha'idraigodanheddogleddollônpenrhynareurdraethceredigion]]'' (translatit as &quot;the [[River Mawddach|Mawddach]] station an its draigon unner the northren peace o the Penrhyn Road on the gowden beach o [[Cardigan Bay]]&quot;) for promotional ettles.

Nae sic attempts hae gained widespread recognition amangst offeecial bodies or transport authorities.

==History==
[[Image:Marquess of Anglesey's Column.jpg|thumb|left|The Marquess o Anglesey's Column]]
A dounset haes existit on the site o the veelage syne the [[Neolithic]] era, wi [[subsistence agriculture]] an [[fishin]] the maist common treds for a feck o the veelage's early history. The island o [[Anglesey]] wis at that pynt anly reachable bi boat athort the [[Menai Strait]]. The aurie wis briefly invadit an captured bi the [[Roman Britain|Romans]] unner [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]], temporarily abandoned fur tae consolidate forces again [[Boudicca]], then held til the end o Roman Britain.

Wi the withdrawal o the Roman forces, the aurie fell unner the control o the [[Kinrick o Gwynedd]], an early [[Medieval]] kinrick. Unner this [[feudal system]], the residents workit on wee ferms for the keing. The rural naitur o the dounset meant that the veillage haed a population o anly aroun 80.

Housomeivver, wi the introduction o estates in the 16t century, hintle o the laund wis absorbit intae the Earldom o Uxbridge, currently unner the [[Marquess o Anglesey]]; the indwallers became [[tenant farmer]]s on [[enclosur]]s. The population o the veelage boomit, wi a population o 385 in the 1801 census.

In 1826, Anglesey wis connectit tae the rest o Wales bi the construction o the [[Menai Suspension Brig]] bi [[Thomas Telford]], an connectit wi [[Lunnon]] in 1850 wi the biggin o the [[Britannia Brig]] an the busy [[North Wales Coast Line|North Wales Coast railwey line]], which connectit [[Lunnon]] tae the ferry port o [[Holyhead]]. The veelage decentralisit, splittin intae Upper Veelage (''Pentre Uchaf''), which wis made up mainly o the aulder hooses an ferms, an the new Lawer Veelage (''Pentre Isaf''), biggit aroond the railwey station an consistin maistly o shops an wirkshops. The veelage became a hub o commerce, as the railweys an road netwirk brocht traders an customers frae athort north Wales.

The first iver meetin o the [[Women's Institute]] teuk place in Llanfairpwll in 1915 an the muivement (which began in Canadae) then spread throu the rest o the Breetish Isles.

==In popular cultur==
The name is celebratit in the sang &quot;Red Cave&quot; bi the baund [[Yeasayer]], whilk featurs the baund repeatin the lines &quot;Mary's house in the hollow of the white hazel rapid whirlpool and the church of the red cave.&quot;

In a reference tae the veelage, the Welsh baund [[Super Furry Animals]] cried thair debut E.P. Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgoger-ychwyndrobwllantysil-iogogogochynygofod (in space)

The name wis uised in the film ''[[Barbarella (film)|Barbarella]]'' an aw as the passwird for the heidquairters o Dildano, the comical revolutionar an bi [[Peter Sellers]] in the film [[The Road to Hong Kong]] whaur he plays a quack doctor who asks [[Bob Hope]] tae say it insteid o the mair uisual 'Ahh' whan examinin his teeth.

The name wis uised as a solution in a crosswird compiled bi [[Roger Squires]] for ''The Telford and Wrekin News'' whan ryalty visitit Ironbridge in 1979 on the occasion o the 200t anniversary o the first iver brig made o iron. The ''Telford &amp; Wrekin'' askit for it sae it wad be acceptit bi Guinness Records as the langest wird tae appear in a published crosswird. It wis deemit necessar tae mak it an anagram: “Giggling troll follows Clancy, Larry, Billy and Peggy who howl, wrongly disturbing a place in Wales (58)”.&lt;ref&gt;http://fifteensquared.net/2010/08/30/guardian-25102-rufus/#comments&lt;/ref&gt;

The sang &quot;[[The Boy From...]]&quot; bi [[Stephen Sondheim]] an [[Mary Rodgers]] featurs the place name juxtaposed wi a seimlarly lang, but fictional, Spainyie place name.

The 2012 expansion pack tae [[Civilization V]], Gods an Kings, adds a Steam Achievement cried &quot;Longest. Name. Ever.&quot; The image that accompanees this contains the letters &quot;...pwllgwyngyll&quot;, the last 12 letters o the short version.

==See an aw==
* [[Leet o lang place names]]
* [[Langest word in English]]
* [[Llanfairpwll F.C.]], the toun's fitbaa club

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Wiktionary|llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch}}
* [http://www.llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch.co.uk Village website, leetit in the 2002 '' Guinness Beuk o Records'' as the warld's langest valid Internet domain name]
* [http://bbc.co.uk/h2g2/guide/A403642 BBC Airticle at H2G2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050710075101/http://www.bbc.co.uk/h2g2/guide/A403642 |date=2005-07-10 }}
* [http://flickr.com/photos/tags/llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch Flickr photos]
* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=3568738 photos o Llanfair PG an surroondin aurie on geograph]
* [http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/how-to-say-llanfairpg/id408209568 Musical &quot;How To&quot; lesson on the correct pronunciation]

{{Anglesey}}
{{Commonties o Anglesey}}

[[Category:Veelages in Anglesey]]
[[Category:Post touns in the LL postcode aurie]]</text>
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{{Infobox Russian town
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[[File:Анно-Зачатьевская церковь (Чехов).jpg|thumb|A kirk in the toun]]

'''Chekhov''' ({{lang-ru|Че́хов}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] an the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Chekhovsky Destrict]] o [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Roushie]]. Afore 1954, it wis namit '''Lopasnya''' ({{lang|ru|Лопа́сня}}), efter the [[Lopasnya River]]. Population: {{ru-census2010|60,720|;}} {{ru-census2002|72,917|;}} {{su-census1989|59,206|;}} 56,000 (1985).

On the ootskirts o Chekhov lies the [[Davidov Hermitage]], reputedly the richest monastery in Roushie. It contains mony kirks frae the 17t an 18t centuries.

Near Chekhov is the Roushie General Staff wartime command post, buriet deep unnergrund,&lt;ref&gt;Globalsecurity.org, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/chekhov.htm Chekhov], accessed October 2007&lt;/ref&gt; which is awmaist certainly linked directly tae the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] bi an unnergrund rail link&amp;nbsp;— the '[[Moscow Metro 2]]' line operatit bi the Roushie [[Federal Security Service]] (FSB).&lt;ref&gt;[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/152762/an/0/page/2#152762 Google Earth community] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612174226/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/152762/an/0/page/2#152762 |date=2008-06-12 }} Baith o these sources draw on the US Department of Defense's [[Soviet Militar Pouer]].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}}

===Twin touns an sister ceeties===
Chekhov is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saratoga-chekhov.com twinning website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218092042/http://www.saratoga-chekhov.com/ |date=2014-12-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Fastiv]] ([[Ukraine]])
*{{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Kapyl]] ([[Belaroushie]])
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Krasnohvardiyske Raion]] (Ukraine)
*{{Flagicon|Abkhazia}} [[Ochamchira Destrict]] ([[Abkhazie]]/[[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]])
*{{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Pazardzhik]] ([[Bulgarie]])
*{{Flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Příbram]] ([[Czech Republic]])
*{{Flagicon|United States}} [[Saratoga Springs]] ([[Unitit States]])

==Freemit airtins==
{{Reflist}}

{{Moscow Oblast}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Moscow Oblast]]</text>
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|image_skyline=Chekhov-station.jpg
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|urban_settlement_jur=Chekhov Urban Dounset
|leader_title=Head
|leader_name=Vladimir Steperenkov
|representative_body=[[Cooncil o Deputies o Chekhov|Cooncil o Deputies]]
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[[File:Анно-Зачатьевская церковь (Чехов).jpg|thumb|A kirk in the toun]]

'''Chekhov''' ({{lang-ru|Че́хов}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] an the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Chekhovsky Destrict]] o [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Roushie]]. Afore 1954, it wis namit '''Lopasnya''' ({{lang|ru|Лопа́сня}}), efter the [[Lopasnya River]]. Population: {{ru-census2010|60,720|;}} {{ru-census2002|72,917|;}} {{su-census1989|59,206|;}} 56,000 (1985).

On the ootskirts o Chekhov lies the [[Davidov Hermitage]], reputedly the richest monastery in Roushie. It contains mony kirks frae the 17t an 18t centuries.

Near Chekhov is the Roushie General Staff wartime command post, buriet deep unnergrund,&lt;ref&gt;Globalsecurity.org, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/chekhov.htm Chekhov], accessed October 2007&lt;/ref&gt; which is awmaist certainly linked directly tae the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] bi an unnergrund rail link&amp;nbsp;— the '[[Moscow Metro 2]]' line operatit bi the Roushie [[Federal Security Service]] (FSB).&lt;ref&gt;[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/152762/an/0/page/2#152762 Google Earth community] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612174226/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/152762/an/0/page/2#152762 |date=2008-06-12 }} Baith o these sources draw on the US Department of Defense's [[Soviet Militar Pouer]].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}}

===Twin touns an sister ceeties===
Chekhov is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saratoga-chekhov.com twinning website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218092042/http://www.saratoga-chekhov.com/ |date=2014-12-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Fastiv]] ([[Ukraine]])
*{{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Kapyl]] ([[Belaroushie]])
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Krasnohvardiyske Raion]] (Ukraine)
*{{Flagicon|Abkhazia}} [[Ochamchira Destrict]] ([[Abkhazie]]/[[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]])
*{{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Pazardzhik]] ([[Bulgarie]])
*{{Flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Příbram]] ([[Czech Republic]])
*{{Flagicon|United States}} [[Saratoga Springs]] ([[Unitit States]])

==Freemit airtins==
{{Reflist}}

{{Moscow Oblast}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Moscow Oblast]]</text>
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    <title>Khimki</title>
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      <text bytes="6155" sha1="j3ral30axsnegmw4fzo6rmwn4wgjth1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Khimki
|ru_name=Химки
|image_skyline=Town of Khimki near Moscow - Babakina Street - in February 2010.jpg
|image_caption=Babakina Street in Khimki (Februar 2010)
|coordinates = {{coord|55|54|N|37|27|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=top
|image_coa=Герб Химок.svg
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Khimki (Moscow oblast).svg
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Moscow Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=July 2010
|adm_city_jur=Khimki [[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction]]
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of=Khimki Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction
|adm_ctr_of_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|mun_data_as_of=June 2011
|urban_okrug_jur=Khimki Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref783&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of=Khimki Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref783&quot; /&gt;
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=[[Vladimir Strelchenko]]
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=207425
|pop_2010census_rank=90t
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot; /&gt;
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=1939
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=
|current_cat_date_ref=
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=141400-141446
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=495, 498
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://admhimki.ru/
|website_ref=
|commonscat=
|date=May 2010
}}
'''Khimki''' ({{lang-rus|Химки|p=ˈxʲimkʲɪ}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Roushie]], situatit juist northwast o [[Moscow]], at the wast bank o the [[Moscow Canal]]. Population: 207,425 ([[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]]);&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt; 141,000 ([[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]]);&lt;ref name=&quot;2002Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{su-census1989|132,902|;}} 106,000 (1977); 23,000 (1939).

==History==
Khimki wis offeecially foondit in 1939.&lt;ref&gt;[http://okrussia.ru/city/15 Город Химки, Московская область] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220033604/http://okrussia.ru/city/15 |date=2015-12-20 }}{{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis establisht aroond a railwey station wi the same name which haed existit syne 1850 on the [[Moscow-Saunt Petersburg Railwey]]. Currently, the ceety o Khimki is directly adjacent tae the territory o the ceety o Moscow.

Khimki wis the steid o the closest German advance tae Moscow in November–Dizember 1941. A memorial markin this in a form o a giant tank trap is locatit at the &quot;Kilometer 23&quot; pynt (55°54´46.103&quot;N, 37°24´10.577&quot;E) o Leningradskoye Heich-gate, the highway tae St.&amp;nbsp;Petersburg, juist short o a intersection wi the Moscow-St.Petersburg railwey, an close tae the [[IKEA]] shoppin center.

Efter [[Warld War II]], Khimki became hame tae several Soviet aerospace defence development centres, which became the principal employers for the majority o the ceety population. This included R&amp;D enterprises which designed surface-tae-air missiles for [[S-75 Dvina|S-75]], [[S-125]], [[S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna|S-200]], [[S-300 (missile)|S-300]] Soviet air defence seestems, ingines for [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]s an [[expendable launch seestem|satellite launch vehicles]], an ither teeps o equipment. For this raison, Khimki wis aff leemits for aw foreigners visitin the kintra, despite its location on a heich-gate atween Moscow an its major internaitional airport.

==Admeenistrative an municipal status==
Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], it is incorporatit as '''Khimki [[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction]]'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow Oblast|destricts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot;&gt;Law #12/2001-OZ&lt;/ref&gt; As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], Khimki Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporatit as '''Khimki Urban Okrug'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref783&quot;&gt;Law #50/2005-OZ&lt;/ref&gt;

==Present day==
In recent years, the population o the ceety o Khimki haes continued tae grow rapidly due tae massive residential biggin construction driven bi its proximity tae the [[Moscow]] megapolis which is densely populatit an needs new auries for expansion.

The ceety enjoys a great deal o commercial activity due tae its location atween [[Moscow]] an ane o its main airports, [[Sheremetyevo Internaitional Airport|Sheremetyevo]]. Some aerospace development centres locatit in Khimki currently contribute tae a program o the [[Internaitional Space Station]].

The ceety is hame tae ane o the lairgest shoppin maws in [[Roushie]], which featurs French chain store [[Auchan]] an Swadish furnitur retailer [[IKEA]].

In 2010, the ceety wis the location o protests ower the new [[Moscow-Saunt Petersburg motorwey]] bein biggit throu the [[Khimki Forest]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Chicago Tribune&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/la-fg-russia-khimki-forest-20100827,0,3014804.story|title=Russia halts forest highway construction as opposition grows|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=2010-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025180751/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/la-fg-russia-khimki-forest-20100827,0,3014804.story|archivedate=2012-10-25|access-date=2013-02-02|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sports==
*[[FC Khimki]], association fitbaa club
*[[BC Khimki]], basketbaa club

==See an aw==
*[[Khimki War Memorial]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|mun|list|khimki}}

{{Moscow Oblast}}

[[Category:Khimki| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns biggit in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Naukograds]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5642" sha1="fs62cf6hftz5ahgpkdba3czll6n6uxg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Khimki
|ru_name=Химки
|image_skyline=Town of Khimki near Moscow - Babakina Street - in February 2010.jpg
|image_caption=Babakina Street in Khimki (Februar 2010)
|coordinates = {{coord|55|54|N|37|27|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=top
|image_coa=Герб Химок.svg
|image_flag=Flag of Khimki (Moscow oblast).svg
|federal_subject=[[Moscow Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=July 2010
|adm_city_jur=Khimki [[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction]]
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of=Khimki Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction
|adm_ctr_of_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot; /&gt;
|mun_data_as_of=June 2011
|urban_okrug_jur=Khimki Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref783&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of=Khimki Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref783&quot; /&gt;
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_name=[[Vladimir Strelchenko]]
|pop_2010census=207425
|pop_2010census_rank=90t
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot; /&gt;
|established_date=1939
|postal_codes=141400-141446
|dialing_codes=495, 498
|website=http://admhimki.ru/
|date=May 2010
}}
'''Khimki''' ({{lang-rus|Химки|p=ˈxʲimkʲɪ}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Roushie]], situatit juist northwast o [[Moscow]], at the wast bank o the [[Moscow Canal]]. Population: 207,425 ([[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]]);&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt; 141,000 ([[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]]);&lt;ref name=&quot;2002Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{su-census1989|132,902|;}} 106,000 (1977); 23,000 (1939).

==History==
Khimki wis offeecially foondit in 1939.&lt;ref&gt;[http://okrussia.ru/city/15 Город Химки, Московская область] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220033604/http://okrussia.ru/city/15 |date=2015-12-20 }}{{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis establisht aroond a railwey station wi the same name which haed existit syne 1850 on the [[Moscow-Saunt Petersburg Railwey]]. Currently, the ceety o Khimki is directly adjacent tae the territory o the ceety o Moscow.

Khimki wis the steid o the closest German advance tae Moscow in November–Dizember 1941. A memorial markin this in a form o a giant tank trap is locatit at the &quot;Kilometer 23&quot; pynt (55°54´46.103&quot;N, 37°24´10.577&quot;E) o Leningradskoye Heich-gate, the highway tae St.&amp;nbsp;Petersburg, juist short o a intersection wi the Moscow-St.Petersburg railwey, an close tae the [[IKEA]] shoppin center.

Efter [[Warld War II]], Khimki became hame tae several Soviet aerospace defence development centres, which became the principal employers for the majority o the ceety population. This included R&amp;D enterprises which designed surface-tae-air missiles for [[S-75 Dvina|S-75]], [[S-125]], [[S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna|S-200]], [[S-300 (missile)|S-300]] Soviet air defence seestems, ingines for [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]s an [[expendable launch seestem|satellite launch vehicles]], an ither teeps o equipment. For this raison, Khimki wis aff leemits for aw foreigners visitin the kintra, despite its location on a heich-gate atween Moscow an its major internaitional airport.

==Admeenistrative an municipal status==
Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], it is incorporatit as '''Khimki [[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction]]'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow Oblast|destricts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref113&quot;&gt;Law #12/2001-OZ&lt;/ref&gt; As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], Khimki Ceety Unner Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporatit as '''Khimki Urban Okrug'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref783&quot;&gt;Law #50/2005-OZ&lt;/ref&gt;

==Present day==
In recent years, the population o the ceety o Khimki haes continued tae grow rapidly due tae massive residential biggin construction driven bi its proximity tae the [[Moscow]] megapolis which is densely populatit an needs new auries for expansion.

The ceety enjoys a great deal o commercial activity due tae its location atween [[Moscow]] an ane o its main airports, [[Sheremetyevo Internaitional Airport|Sheremetyevo]]. Some aerospace development centres locatit in Khimki currently contribute tae a program o the [[Internaitional Space Station]].

The ceety is hame tae ane o the lairgest shoppin maws in [[Roushie]], which featurs French chain store [[Auchan]] an Swadish furnitur retailer [[IKEA]].

In 2010, the ceety wis the location o protests ower the new [[Moscow-Saunt Petersburg motorwey]] bein biggit throu the [[Khimki Forest]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Chicago Tribune&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/la-fg-russia-khimki-forest-20100827,0,3014804.story|title=Russia halts forest highway construction as opposition grows|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=2010-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025180751/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/la-fg-russia-khimki-forest-20100827,0,3014804.story|archivedate=2012-10-25|access-date=2013-02-02|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sports==
*[[FC Khimki]], association fitbaa club
*[[BC Khimki]], basketbaa club

==See an aw==
*[[Khimki War Memorial]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|mun|list|khimki}}

{{Moscow Oblast}}

[[Category:Khimki| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns biggit in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Naukograds]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>German Brazilians</title>
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      <text bytes="14928" sha1="9jsxcdt82qb3d25q5wct0grz61w06wl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
|group= German Brazilians&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Germano-brasileiro {{·}} Deutschbrasilianer&lt;/small&gt;
|image= &lt;!--If you swap out an image, change the &quot;x##px&quot; entry for EACH image in the row so that the width of the row lines up with the others--&gt;[[Image:VeraFischerPorAndreaFarias (cropped).jpg|x100px]][[Image:Ernesto Geisel.jpg|x100px]][[Image:Gisele B edit.jpg|x100px]]&lt;br&gt;[[Image:Arthur friedenreich.jpg|x99px]][[Image:Lya Luft.jpg|x99px]][[Image:Dunga061115.jpg|x99px]]&lt;br&gt;[[File:Ana Hickmann (cropped).jpg|x105px]][[File:Oscarniemeyer.jpg|x105px]][[File:Eike Batista.jpg|x107px]]
&lt;br&gt;[[Vera Fischer]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.corderovirtual.com.br/mundo/detalhe_noticiamundo.php?codigo=12721 |title=Ele (pai) era alemão, nazista, mandava eu ler Hitler e batia muito em mim |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026063139/http://www.corderovirtual.com.br/mundo/detalhe_noticiamundo.php?codigo=12721 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Ernesto Geisel]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/13/world/ernesto-geisel-88-is-dead-eased-military-rule-in-brazil.html A stern figure whose father immigrated from Germany around the start of the 20th century]&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Gisele Bündchen]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,2144,2029705,00.html I belong to the sixth generation of my family in Brazil.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Arthur Friedenreich]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.e-biografias.net/especial/futebol_brasil/friedenreich.php |title=filho de um imigrante alemão com uma lavadeira negra |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013612/http://www.e-biografias.net/especial/futebol_brasil/friedenreich.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Lya Luft]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,7142,1437528,00.html Gaúcha de Santa Cruz do Sul e descendente de imigrantes alemães]&lt;/ref&gt;{{·}}[[Dunga]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://capitaodunga.com.br/bardunga/bios/bios_dunga1.html |title=of Italian and German descent |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2010-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120141222/http://capitaodunga.com.br/bardunga/bios/bios_dunga1.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Ana Hickmann]]{{·}}[[Oscar Niemeyer]]{{·}}[[Eike Batista]]
|poptime= 15 million&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://frankfurt.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-br/Main.xml|date= |accessdate=2015-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|popplace= [[Brazil]]:
[[Centro-Sul|Central-Soothren hauf]] o the kintra, an major metropolises an agricultural frontiers in [[North Region, Brazil|Northern]] an [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeastern]] parts&lt;br /&gt;Heichest nummers an percents in [[Southern Brazil]]; Law in [[São Paulo (state)|Sao Paulo]] an [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] states; 
|langs=Predominantly [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]. Minorities speak [[Brazilian German]] dialects
|rels=Predominantly Catholic, [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], ither Protestants an irreleegious.
|related= [[Germans]], [[White Laitin Americans]]&lt;br /&gt;[[White Brazilian]]s in general, an ithers o [[Northren Europe|Northren]], [[Wastren Europe|Wastren]] an/or [[Central Europe]]an oreegin.}}

'''German Brazilians''' (German: ''Deutschbrasilianer'', {{lang-pt|teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro}}) are a [[Brazilians]] o [[Germans|ethnic German]] [[ancestry]] or oreegin. German Brazilians live in the entire kintra, awtho the owerwhelmin percentage is foond in the kintra's [[Sooth Region, Brazil|Sooth Region]], mainly in the states o [[Rio Grande do Sul]] an [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], wi lesser but still significant degree in the [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Southeast Region]]. German dialects thegither mak up the seicont maist spoken [[Leids o Brazil|first leid in Brazil]]. A few Brazilian municipalities hae [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch|Brazilian Hunsrückisch]] an [[East Law German|Germanic Pomeranie]] as co-offeecial wi [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]. They are locatit in [[Sooth Region, Brazil|Soothren Brazil]] an [[Espírito Santo]]. 

==The first German commonties==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#a9bec7;&quot;
|'''Place'''
!Date
!Place o oreegin o the settlers&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ibge.gov.br/brasil500/alemaes/tradicoes.html As tradições e o abrasileiramento]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Nova Friburgo]] (RJ)
|1819
|[[Swisserland]], [[Rhineland]], [[Saxony]], [[Bohemie]]
|-
|[[São Leopoldo]] (RS)
|1824
|[[Hunsrück]], Saxony, [[Württemberg]], [[Saxe-Coburg]]
|-
|[[Santo Amaro (destrict o São Paulo)|Santo Amaro]] (SP)
|1829&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ww2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/arquivos/subprefeituras/sppa/parelheirosgrajau.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2015-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807004225/http://ww2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/arquivos/subprefeituras/sppa/parelheirosgrajau.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Hunsrück]]
|-
|[[Petrópolis]] (RJ)
|1837&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br/fctp/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=33 |title=Fundação de Cultura e Turismo Petrópolis - FCTP |publisher=Fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19 |archive-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816022908/http://fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br/fctp/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=33 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Kastellaun]], [[Moselle (river)|Mosel]], [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]], [[Nassau, Germany|Nassau]], [[Ingelheim]], [[Wörrstadt]], [[Darmstadt]], Rhineland
|-
|[[Santa Cruz do Sul|Santa Cruz]] (RS)
|1849
|Rhineland, [[Pomeranie]], [[Silesie]]
|-
|[[Santo Ângelo]] (RS)
|1857
|Rhineland, Saxony, Pomeranie
|-
|[[Nova Petrópolis]] (RS)
|1859
|Pomeranie, Saxony, Bohemie
|-
|[[Teutônia]] (RS)
|1868
|[[Westphalie]]
|-
|[[São Lourenço do Sul]] (RS)
|1857
|Pomeranie, Rhineland
|-
|[[Blumenau]] (SC)
|1850
|Pomeranie, [[Holstein]], [[Hanover]], [[Braunschweig]], Saxony
|-
|[[Brusque, Santa Catarina|Brusque]] (SC)
|1860
|[[Baden]], [[Oldenburg]], Rhineland, Pomeranie, [[Schleswig-Holstein]], Braunschweig
|-
|[[Pomerode]] (SC)
|1861
|Pomeranie
|-
|[[Joinville]] (SC)
|1851
|Pomeranie, [[Proushie]], Oldenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Swisserland
|-
||[[Curitiba]] (PR)
|1851
|[[Volga Germans]]
|-
||[[Guarapuava]] (PR)
|1951
|[[Swabie Germans]]; [[Swabie]]
|-
|[[Santa Isabel, Espírito Santo|Santa Isabel]] (ES)
|1847
|Hunsrück, Pomeranie, Rhineland, Prussia, Saxony
|-
|[[Santa Leopoldina, Espírito Santo|Santa Leopoldina]] (ES)
|1857
|Pomerania, Rhineland, Prussia, Saxony, Swisserland, [[Tyrol (state)|Tirol]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]]
|-
|[[Santa Maria de Jetibá]] (ES)
|1857
|Pomeranie
|}

===Municipalities that hae co-offeecial German leids===

====Municipalities that hae co-offeecial Pomeranie (or ''Pommersch'') leid====
[[Image:Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg|right|250px|thumb|[[Municipality|Municipalities]] that the Pomeranie leid is co-offeecial in [[Espírito Santo]].]]

=====Espírito Santo=====
*[[Domingos Martins]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ce.ufes.br/educacaodocampo/down/cdrom2/pdf/texto18.pdf |title=A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000000/http://www.ce.ufes.br/educacaodocampo/down/cdrom2/pdf/texto18.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pomeranoses&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.rog.com.br/claudiovereza2/mostraconteudos.asp?cod_conteudo=735 |title=O povo pomerano no ES |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183002/http://www.rog.com.br/claudiovereza2/mostraconteudos.asp?cod_conteudo=735 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;farese&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.farese.edu.br/pages/artigos/pdf/ismael/A%20co-oficializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20L%20Pomer.pdf |title=A co-oficialização da língua pomerana |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183002/http://www.farese.edu.br/pages/artigos/pdf/ismael/A%20co-oficializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20L%20Pomer.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Laranja da Terra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;pomeranoses&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;farese&quot;/&gt;
*[[Pancas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;pomeranoses&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://lpniceia.wordpress.com/2008/12/27/pomerano/ Pomerano!?], acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://gabeira.locaweb.com.br/causas/causa.asp?id=941&amp;idSubd=40 No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328015129/http://gabeira.locaweb.com.br/causas/causa.asp?id=941&amp;idSubd=40 |date=2012-03-28 }}, acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Santa Maria de Jetibá]]&lt;ref name=&quot;pomeranoses&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 |title=Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Vila Pavão]]&lt;ref name=&quot;pomeranoses&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.secult.es.gov.br/?id=/aqui_tem_cultura/artigos/materia.php&amp;cd_matia=1371 Vila Pavão, Uma Pomerânia no norte do Espirito Santo], acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Minas Gerais=====
*[[Itueta]] (anerlie in the destrict o [[Vila Nietzel]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |title=Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225437/http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias&amp;getID=5307 |title=Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2011-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183916/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120000000/http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural |date=2015-11-20 }}, acessado em [[2 de novembro]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Santa Catarina=====
*[[Pomerode]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.leismunicipais.com.br/twitter/222/legislacao/lei-2251-2010-pomerode-sc.html |title=Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530005307/http://www.leismunicipais.com.br/twitter/222/legislacao/lei-2251-2010-pomerode-sc.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Rio Grande do Sul=====
*[[Canguçu]] (unner appruival)&lt;ref&gt;[http://wp.clicrbs.com.br/maiscangucu/2010/06/18/vereadores-propoem-ensino-da-lingua-pomerana-nas-escolas-do-municipio/ Vereadores propõem ensino da língua pomerana nas escolas do município] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327205729/http://wp.clicrbs.com.br/maiscangucu/2010/06/18/vereadores-propoem-ensino-da-lingua-pomerana-nas-escolas-do-municipio/ |date=2019-03-27 }}, acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Rondônia=====
*[[Espigão d'Oeste]] (unner appruival)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000101925 Ontem e hoje : percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D'Oeste-RO]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 |title=Sessão Solene em homenagem a Comunidade Pomerana |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183001/http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.academicoo.com/tese-dissertacao/ontem-e-hoje-percurso-linguistico-dos-pomeranos-de-espigao-d-oeste-ro percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D Oeste-RO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221194549/http://www.academicoo.com/tese-dissertacao/ontem-e-hoje-percurso-linguistico-dos-pomeranos-de-espigao-d-oeste-ro |date=2012-12-21 }}, acessado em [[2 de novembro]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 |title=Comunidade Pomerana realiza sua tradicional festa folclórica |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206002755/http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Municipalities that hae co-offeecial leid Riograndenser Hunsrückisch leid====

=====Santa Catarina=====
*[[Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina|Antônio Carlos]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipol.org.br/upload/Image/lei1.jpg |title=Cooficialização da língua alemã em Antônio Carlos |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095443/http://www.ipol.org.br/upload/Image/lei1.jpg |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Treze Tílias]] (leid teachin is compulsory in schuils, staundin on stage in public offeecial o the municipality)&lt;ref&gt;[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:JN3g5dpwFg0J:www.tropicalfm99.com.br/noticia.php%3Fnoticia%3D000714+treze+tilias+lingua+alema&amp;cd=13&amp;hl=pt-PT&amp;ct=clnk VEREADORES DE TREZE TÍLIAS SE REUNIRAM ONTEM]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://guiaroberto.vilabol.uol.com.br/trezet.htm TREZE TÍLIAS]{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://guarios.com.br/guanews/roteiros.php?id=5 Um pedaço da Aústria no Brasil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513103303/http://www.guarios.com.br/guanews/roteiros.php?id=5 |date=2008-05-13 }}, Treze Tílias&lt;/ref&gt;

=====Rio Grande do Sul=====
*[[Santa Maria do Herval]] (unner appruival)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/notice_print.php?id=5643 Dialetos Hunsrik e Talian na ofensiva no Sul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402084650/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/notice_print.php?id=5643 |date=2012-04-02 }} - ''Em Santa Maria do Herval, regiăo de Novo Hamburgo, RS, surge forte a mobilizaçăo em favor do Hunsrik - a faceta brasileira/latino-americana do Hunsrückisch. Em Serafina Correa, RS, floresce o talian'' - acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.histat.gesis.org/ German Oversee Migration in the Online-Databank HISTAT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040901002136/http://www.histat.gesis.org/ |date=2004-09-01 }} (toll-free, registration necessary, in German)


{{Brazil topics}}


[[Category:German Brazilian| ]]
[[Category:German diaspora|Brazil]]
[[Category:European Brazilian]]</text>
      <sha1>9jsxcdt82qb3d25q5wct0grz61w06wl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chubut</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:45:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Lirazelf</username>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="17420" sha1="ikp885ribvs0pu6iknl3kqd80x230ow" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Chubut
| native_name             = ''Provincia del Chubut &lt;br&gt; Talaith Chubut''
| native_name_lang        = 
| settlement_type         = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
| image_skyline           =
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Clockwise frae top: [[Chubut River|Glen o the Chubut River]], [[Comodoro Rivadavia]], [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson Port]], [[Valdés Peninsulae]].
| image_flag              = Flag of chubut province in argentina - bandera de chubut.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_seal              = 
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Escudo de la Provincia de Chubut.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = {{lang|es|&quot;Ni muerte ni esclavitud. Solo patria y libertad&quot;}}&lt;/sup&gt;{{spaces|2}}&lt;small&gt;([[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]])&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Neither daith nor slavery. Anerlie mitherland an freedom&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&quot;Nid marwolaeth na caethwasanaeth. Dim ond mamwlad a rhyddid&quot;
| image_map               = Provincia del Chubut - localización en Argentina.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Chubut athin Argentinae
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Argentinae]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leid]]s
| subdivision_name2       = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]], [[Welsh leid|Welsh]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Depairtments o Argentinae|Depairtments]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[#Poleetical diveesions|15]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Municipalities o Argentinae|Municipalities an communes]]
| subdivision_name4       = 47
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    = 
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = [[Mariano Arcioni]] 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title1           = Legislatur
| leader_name1            = 27
|leader_title2            = [[Chamber o Deputies o Argentinae|National Deputies]]
|leader_name2             = &lt;br&gt;[[Leet of current Argentine deputies#Chubut Province|5]]
|leader_title3            = [[Senate o Argentinae|Naitional Senators]]
|leader_name3             = [[Ignacio Torres]], [[Edith Terenzi]], [[Carlos Linares]]
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;br /&gt;[[Provinces o Argentinae#Demografics|Rankit 3rd]]
| area_total_km2          = 224686
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 509,108
| population_as_of        = 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;INDEC&quot;&gt;[http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ Censo 2010 Argentina resultados provisionales: mapas]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank  = [[Leet o Argentine provinces bi population|18t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = ''chubutense''
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Time in Argentinae|ART]]
| utc_offset1             = −3
| timezone1_DST           = &lt;!--NO--&gt;
| utc_offset1_DST         = &lt;!--NO--&gt;
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|AR-U]]
| website                 = {{URL|www.chubut.gov.ar}}
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Chubut''' ({{lang-es|Provincia del Chubut}}, {{IPA-es|tʃuˈβut|IPA}}; {{lang-cy|Talaith Chubut}}) is a [[Provinces o Argentinae|province]] in the soothren pairt o [[Argentinae]] situatit atween the [[42nt parallel sooth]] (formin the mairch wi the [[Río Negro Province]]) an the [[46t parallel sooth]] (borderin [[Santa Cruz Province, Argentinae|Santa Cruz Province]]), the [[Andes]] range separatin Argentinae frae [[Chile]], an the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The province's name derives frae the [[Tehuelche leid|Tehuelche]] wird ''chupat'', meanin &quot;transparent,&quot; thair description o the [[Chubut River]].

The lairgest ceety, wi 180,000 indwallers, is [[Comodoro Rivadavia]] in the sooth o the province. The admeenistrative caipital is [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]] (40,000). Ither important ceeties are [[Puerto Madryn]], [[Trelew]], [[Esquel]] an [[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]]. [[Gaiman, Chubut|Gaiman]] is a cultural an [[demografic]] centre o the region kent as ''&quot;[[Y Wladfa]]&quot;'' in which Welsh-Argentines are concentratit. O the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentinae,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AR &quot;Languages of Argentina&quot;] - Ethnologue.com&lt;/ref&gt; mony are in the Chubut region, pairticularly in the oreeginal Welsh dounsets o [[Trelew]] an [[Trevelin]].

==History==
Afore the [[Spain|Spaniards]] arrivit in [[Americae]], [[nomad]]ic indigenous fowks inhabitit the [[Patagonie]] region. In the 17t an 18t centuries, Spaingie [[missionar]]s came tae the aurie, an foondit the San José Fort on [[Península Valdés]], which wis later destroyed bi local native fowks. In 1865, [[Welsh fowk]] [[Welsh dounset in Argentinae|came tae Chubut]] in the ''[[Mimosa (ship)|Mimosa]]'' ship an wur settled in [[Chubut Glen]] aurie. The region wis disputit atween Chile an Argentinae until 1881, when Chile renooncit its claim in order tae prevent Argentinae frae enterin intae the [[War o the Paceefic]].

As pairt o the ''[[Conquest o the Desert|Conquista del Desierto]]'' (Desert conquest), the Naitional Territory o Chubut wis creatit in 1884, o which [[Luis Fontana]] wis namit govrenor. At the beginnin o the 20t century, efter the [[Seicont Boer War|Boer War]], some [[Boer]] fowk settled in the toun o [[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]] (awready foondit bi the Welsh fowk at the end o the 19t century), an in lesser nummer in ither nearbi touns.

In 1944, the soothren pairt o Chubut an northren pairt o Santa Cruz wur designatit the ''Comodoro Rivadavia'' militar zone. The zone wis dissolvit in 1955, an Chubut wis declared a province.

Population shifts o the 20t century, especially frae [[Buenos Aires]], raised the population steadily frae 190,000 (1970), tae 357,000 (1991) an 413,237 (2001). Maist o the indwallers are in the main ceeties, or in lesser nummers alang the [[Chubut River]], which gies maist auries a [[population densitie]] o less nor 1 inhabitant per square kilometre.

==Economy==
Chubut's economy, for a lang time ane o the maist prosperous in Argentinae, is ane o the kintra's least diversifee'd. Its 2006 ootput, estimatit at US$4.7&amp;nbsp;billion,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iader.org.ar/ |title=IADER: ''Nueva Etapa'' (2008) |access-date=2013-03-08 |archive-date=2013-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221041659/http://www.iader.org.ar/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; is made up in amaist a fowert bi minin an petroleum.  This sector's contreibution (maistly centred aroond [[Comodoro Rivadavia]]) helpit gie Chubut the naition's fowert-heichest per caipita ootput in 2011, US$25,250.
[[Petroleum]] refinin is the main economic activity o the province, wi 13% o Argentine ile production (maistly aff-shore). 21% o the naition's fish catch is producit bi Chubut.

Sheep ranchin, tho less nor hauf as productive than as recently as 1990, remains important at the local level.  The advent o synthetic replacements tae oo efter [[World War II]] battered the sector, further decimatit bi Argentinae's poleetical instability an naitural disasters.  Oo production haes risen syne 2002, housomeivver, an totaled 71,000 tons in 2006.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mecon.gov.ar/ MECON Republica Argentina (2008)]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie an Climate==

Chubut stretches frae the Atlantic tae the Andes: the coast is markit bi heich cliffs an sandy beaches, whareas the centre consists o several plateaus an depressions. The Andes are no vera heich in Chubut, wi maist peaks atween 1,500 m an 2,000 m.

The coast is exceptionally mild for Patagonia due tae wairm currents frae Brazil: daytime heichs range frae 24&amp;nbsp;°C (75&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 28&amp;nbsp;°C (83&amp;nbsp;°F) an nicht temperaturs range frae 11&amp;nbsp;°C (52&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 15&amp;nbsp;°C (59&amp;nbsp;°F) durin the simmer. Faws are pleasant wi ceul nichts, an winters are moderate, wi days rangin frae aboot 9&amp;nbsp;°C (48&amp;nbsp;°F) in the sooth tae 13&amp;nbsp;°C (55&amp;nbsp;°F) in the north, an nichts frae 1&amp;nbsp;°C (34&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 4&amp;nbsp;°C (40&amp;nbsp;°F). Precipitation is law, frae 150&amp;nbsp;mm tae 250&amp;nbsp;mm. Temperaturs belaw −10&amp;nbsp;°C (14&amp;nbsp;°F) are infrequent, as is hivy snaw.

The plateaus are considerably mair extreme watherwise. Temperaturs are wairm durin simmer days, wi the same range as in the coast, an ceuler nichts belaw 10&amp;nbsp;°C (50&amp;nbsp;°F). Housomeivver, as faw approaches, nicht frost becomes the rule, an winters can whiles be quite severe. Dependin on elevation, daytime heichs range frae 3&amp;nbsp;°C (37&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 9&amp;nbsp;°C (48&amp;nbsp;°F), while nichttime laws go frae −1&amp;nbsp;°C (30&amp;nbsp;°F) tae as law as −6&amp;nbsp;°C (21&amp;nbsp;°F). The lawest temperaturs go frae −25&amp;nbsp;°C tae −30&amp;nbsp;°C (−13 tae −22&amp;nbsp;°F) wi severe wind chill. Snaw is common, but in law quantities due tae aridity.

The wast becomes wetter as we approach the Andes, an some spots attain 4,000&amp;nbsp;mm o rainfaw. Simmers are ceul an windy, at 20&amp;nbsp;°C tae 22&amp;nbsp;°C (68 tae 74&amp;nbsp;°F) durin the day an 5&amp;nbsp;°C tae 7&amp;nbsp;°C (41 tae 45&amp;nbsp;°F) at nicht. Winters are vera stormy, wi rain, sleet an snaw, heichs frae 4&amp;nbsp;°C tae 8&amp;nbsp;°C (39 tae 47&amp;nbsp;°F) at law altitudes, an laws frae 0&amp;nbsp;°C (32&amp;nbsp;°F) tae −4&amp;nbsp;°C (25&amp;nbsp;°F). Temperaturs rarely dip belaw −20&amp;nbsp;°C (−4&amp;nbsp;°F) but hivy snaw mey occur.

Altitudes ower 1,000 m hae constant winter snaw civer, an ower 2,000 m, the snaw remains till midsimmer. Heicher peaks are hivily glaciatit.

== Media ==
[[Image:Beach at Rada Tilly, Chubut, Argentina 2008.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Rada Tilly]], on the [[Atlantic Ocean]].]]

===Newspapers===
Thare are a nummer o prent newspapers includin: 
* ''Crónica'' an ''El Patagónico'' in Comodoro Rivadavia
* ''El Oeste'' in Esquel
* ''El Diario de Madryn'' in Puerto Madryn
* ''El Chubut'' an ''Jornada'' in Trelew
* ''Y Drafod'', Welsh leid newspaper syne 1891
* ''Clecs Camwy'', new Welsh monthly newspaper, 2011

===Online jurnalism===
Online jurnalism haes a sma, growin presence in Chubut. The sax prent newspapers hae online edeetions; but thir are anerlie updatit ivery 24 oors. Some new digital proposals mak a better uise o wab's potential. Ane case is Infochubut.com, a recent publication that wirks wi audio, video, text an photographs for its news an affers forums for public pairticipation. Some radio stations in northwast Chubut began tae publish online some o the interviews thay mak in thare radio studies.

===Radio===
The maist populous ceeties are served bi AM radio stations lik Chubut Radio an Three Radio in Trelew, Golfo Nuevo's Radio in Puerto Madryn, National Radio in Comodoro, Rivadavia an Esquel. Thare are several FM radio stations which broadcast programs frae a naitional central office an aw.

===Televeesion===
The provincial govrenment runs a TV netwirk that covers the province. In Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Esquel, Puerto Madryn an in some sma touns thare are ither local TV stations producin local programmin tae supplement the programmin receivit frae the Buenos Aires netwirks. In 2004 mony Welsh Argentines asked the Welsh Govrenment for access tae Welsh-leid channel S4C.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid=15015947&amp;method=full&amp;siteid=50082&amp;headline=hola--plans-for-patagonia-welsh-to-watch-gente-de-valle-and-other-s4c-shows-to-improve-their-language-skills-name_page.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tourism  ==
[[Image:Southern right whale10.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Soothren richt whale]] in [[Península Valdés]], its preferred sanctuar.]]
{{see an aw|Tourism in Argentinae}}
Tourism is a growin industrie an aw. The main attractions are [[Peninsula Valdés]] an ither marine [[wildlife]] reservoirs sic as [[Punta Tombo]] an [[Punta Ninfas]], wi [[richt whale]]s, [[eared seal]]s, [[elephant seal]]s, [[penguin]]s, [[orca]]s an mony ither ainimals. At the Punta Tombo steid thare is ane o the lairgest breedin auries for the [[Magellanic penguin]].&lt;ref&gt;C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232 ''Magellanic Penguin'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607230613/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232 |date=2012-06-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Further sooth, on the sparsely populatit beaches o the [[Golfo San Jorge]], is the anerlie place in the warld whaur the peculiar, flichtless [[Chubut Steamer Duck]] can be observit. In the [[Andes|Andean]] region, the [[Los Alerces National Park]], impressive lakes an hikes near Esquel are visitit ivery year bi mony tourists. The '[[Old Patagonian Express]]' (ketn as ''La Trochita'' an aw), the auld steam train made famous bi [[Paul Theroux]], attracts mony tae [[Esquel]], as daes the ''La Hoya'' ski center. The [[Petrifeed firth|petrifeed forest]] near Sarmiento is a 150&amp;nbsp;km² pairk wi some o the lairgest fossilisit trees in the warld.
{{-}}

== Transport ==
The Ruta Nacional 3 runs alang the coast line up tae [[Buenos Aires]], an doun tae [[Tierra del Fuego]]. ''The Ruta Nacional 25'' crosses Chubut frae east tae wast, connectin [[Trelew]] an [[Esquel]], but hauf o it haes no yet been pavit. Regular lang distance buses run several times a day tae Buenos Aires, an tae mony locations in the [[Santa Cruz Province, Argentinae|Santa Cruz Province]]. Short range buses tae touns in Chubut run at least ance a day. Thare are daily simmer buses on the route #25 an aw.
The Trelew airport ([[IATA airport code|IATA]] '''REL''') serves regular flichts tae/frae [[Buenos Aires]] an [[El Calafate]]. Airports are maintained at Comodoro Rivadavia, Rawson an Esquel an aw.

Major heich-gates include:
*Route 2, frae Puerto Pirámides an Península Valdés 
*Route 3, north-sooth via Trelew an Comodoro Rivadavia
*Route 26, wast frae Comodoro Rivadavia (223&amp;nbsp;km)
*Route 20, which continues north 178&amp;nbsp;km tae Jose de San Martín
*Route 22, north frae Perito Moreno (Santa Cruz province) 125&amp;nbsp;km
*Route 25, wast frae Trelew (341&amp;nbsp;km)
*Route 62, which continues wast 166&amp;nbsp;km tae jyne Route 40 at Tecka
*Route 40, travelin north 266&amp;nbsp;km via Esquel tae Cabeza del Indio
*Route 30, east 73&amp;nbsp;km frae Route 3 tae the coast at Camarones
*Route 259, wast frae Esquel tae Chile.

Fower ither roads traivel wast tae Chile's [[Aysén Region]], includin Balmaceda an Coihaique Alto, an twa tae Chile's [[Los Lagos Region]] frae Corcovado tae Palena an frae Esquel via Trevelin tae Futaleufu.

==Poleetical diveesions==
[[Image:Numbered Chubut departments.gif|right|225px|thumb|Depairtments o the Province o Chubut.]]
The province is dividit intae 15 [[Depairtments o Argentinae|depairtments]]
(Spainyie: ''departamentos'').

Depairtment (Caipital)

# [[Cushamen Depairtment]] ([[Cushamen]])
# [[Escalante Depairtment]] ([[Comodoro Rivadavia]])
# [[Florentino Ameghino Depairtment]] ([[Camarones, Chubut|Camarones]])
# [[Futaleufú Depairtment]] ([[Esquel]])
# [[Gaiman Depairtment]] ([[Gaiman, Chubut|Gaiman]])
# [[Gastre Depairtment]] ([[Gastre]])
# [[Languiñeo Depairtment]] ([[Tecka]])
# [[Mártires Depairtment]] ([[Las Plumas]])
# [[Paso de Indios Depairtment]] ([[Paso de Indios]])
# [[Rawson Depairtment, Chubut|Rawson Depairtment]] ([[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]])
# [[Río Senguer Depairtment]] ([[Alto Río Senguer]])
# [[Sarmiento Depairtment, Chubut|Sarmiento Department]] ([[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]])
# [[Tehuelches Depairtment]] ([[José de San Martín, Chubut|José de San Martín]])
# [[Telsen Depairtment]] ([[Telsen]])
# [[Biedma Depairtment]] ([[Puerto Madryn]])

==Institutions==
Chubut is covered bi the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Diocese o Comodoro Rivadavia]]. The Cathedral, dedicatit tae [[Saunt John Bosco|San Juan Bosco]] is in Comodoro Rivadavia an the Bishop syne 2005 is [[Virginio Domingo Bressanelli]]. Ither faiths are active in Chubut, principally amangst the Welsh chapels as well as [[Lutheran]] an [[Muslim]] places o wirship in Comodoro.

The varsity—[[Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco]]—is based in Comodoro Rivadavia wi campuses at Esquel, Trelew an Puerto Madryn, as well as in [[Ushuaia]], [[Tierra del Fuego]].
{{-}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.infochubut.com Infochubut - Online journalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201234846/https://infochubut.com/ |date=2020-12-01 }} (Spaingie)
* [http://www.chubut.gov.ar Chubut's Offeecial Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722200017/http://www.chubut.gov.ar/ |date=2011-07-22 }} (Spaingie)

{{Provinces o Argentinae}}

[[Category:Chubut| ]]
[[Category:Provinces o Argentinae]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1955]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16281" sha1="duld9t441ebdcd7l2a6kj78sgcq7ezf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Chubut
| native_name             = ''Provincia del Chubut &lt;br&gt; Talaith Chubut''
| settlement_type         = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
| image_caption           = Clockwise frae top: [[Chubut River|Glen o the Chubut River]], [[Comodoro Rivadavia]], [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson Port]], [[Valdés Peninsulae]].
| image_flag              = Flag of chubut province in argentina - bandera de chubut.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de la Provincia de Chubut.svg
| motto                   = {{lang|es|&quot;Ni muerte ni esclavitud. Solo patria y libertad&quot;}}&lt;/sup&gt;{{spaces|2}}&lt;small&gt;([[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]])&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Neither daith nor slavery. Anerlie mitherland an freedom&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&quot;Nid marwolaeth na caethwasanaeth. Dim ond mamwlad a rhyddid&quot;
| image_map               = Provincia del Chubut - localización en Argentina.svg
| map_caption             = Location o Chubut athin Argentinae
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Argentinae]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leid]]s
| subdivision_name2       = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]], [[Welsh leid|Welsh]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Depairtments o Argentinae|Depairtments]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[#Poleetical diveesions|15]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Municipalities o Argentinae|Municipalities an communes]]
| subdivision_name4       = 47
| leader_title            = [[Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = [[Mariano Arcioni]] 
| leader_title1           = Legislatur
| leader_name1            = 27
|leader_title2            = [[Chamber o Deputies o Argentinae|National Deputies]]
|leader_name2             = &lt;br&gt;[[Leet of current Argentine deputies#Chubut Province|5]]
|leader_title3            = [[Senate o Argentinae|Naitional Senators]]
|leader_name3             = [[Ignacio Torres]], [[Edith Terenzi]], [[Carlos Linares]]
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = &lt;br /&gt;[[Provinces o Argentinae#Demografics|Rankit 3rd]]
| area_total_km2          = 224686
| population_total        = 509,108
| population_as_of        = 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;INDEC&quot;&gt;[http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ Censo 2010 Argentina resultados provisionales: mapas]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank  = [[Leet o Argentine provinces bi population|18t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = ''chubutense''
| timezone1               = [[Time in Argentinae|ART]]
| utc_offset1             = −3
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|AR-U]]
| website                 = {{URL|www.chubut.gov.ar}}
}}
'''Chubut''' ({{lang-es|Provincia del Chubut}}, {{IPA-es|tʃuˈβut|IPA}}; {{lang-cy|Talaith Chubut}}) is a [[Provinces o Argentinae|province]] in the soothren pairt o [[Argentinae]] situatit atween the [[42nt parallel sooth]] (formin the mairch wi the [[Río Negro Province]]) an the [[46t parallel sooth]] (borderin [[Santa Cruz Province, Argentinae|Santa Cruz Province]]), the [[Andes]] range separatin Argentinae frae [[Chile]], an the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The province's name derives frae the [[Tehuelche leid|Tehuelche]] wird ''chupat'', meanin &quot;transparent,&quot; thair description o the [[Chubut River]].

The lairgest ceety, wi 180,000 indwallers, is [[Comodoro Rivadavia]] in the sooth o the province. The admeenistrative caipital is [[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]] (40,000). Ither important ceeties are [[Puerto Madryn]], [[Trelew]], [[Esquel]] an [[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]]. [[Gaiman, Chubut|Gaiman]] is a cultural an [[demografic]] centre o the region kent as ''&quot;[[Y Wladfa]]&quot;'' in which Welsh-Argentines are concentratit. O the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentinae,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AR &quot;Languages of Argentina&quot;] - Ethnologue.com&lt;/ref&gt; mony are in the Chubut region, pairticularly in the oreeginal Welsh dounsets o [[Trelew]] an [[Trevelin]].

==History==
Afore the [[Spain|Spaniards]] arrivit in [[Americae]], [[nomad]]ic indigenous fowks inhabitit the [[Patagonie]] region. In the 17t an 18t centuries, Spaingie [[missionar]]s came tae the aurie, an foondit the San José Fort on [[Península Valdés]], which wis later destroyed bi local native fowks. In 1865, [[Welsh fowk]] [[Welsh dounset in Argentinae|came tae Chubut]] in the ''[[Mimosa (ship)|Mimosa]]'' ship an wur settled in [[Chubut Glen]] aurie. The region wis disputit atween Chile an Argentinae until 1881, when Chile renooncit its claim in order tae prevent Argentinae frae enterin intae the [[War o the Paceefic]].

As pairt o the ''[[Conquest o the Desert|Conquista del Desierto]]'' (Desert conquest), the Naitional Territory o Chubut wis creatit in 1884, o which [[Luis Fontana]] wis namit govrenor. At the beginnin o the 20t century, efter the [[Seicont Boer War|Boer War]], some [[Boer]] fowk settled in the toun o [[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]] (awready foondit bi the Welsh fowk at the end o the 19t century), an in lesser nummer in ither nearbi touns.

In 1944, the soothren pairt o Chubut an northren pairt o Santa Cruz wur designatit the ''Comodoro Rivadavia'' militar zone. The zone wis dissolvit in 1955, an Chubut wis declared a province.

Population shifts o the 20t century, especially frae [[Buenos Aires]], raised the population steadily frae 190,000 (1970), tae 357,000 (1991) an 413,237 (2001). Maist o the indwallers are in the main ceeties, or in lesser nummers alang the [[Chubut River]], which gies maist auries a [[population densitie]] o less nor 1 inhabitant per square kilometre.

==Economy==
Chubut's economy, for a lang time ane o the maist prosperous in Argentinae, is ane o the kintra's least diversifee'd. Its 2006 ootput, estimatit at US$4.7&amp;nbsp;billion,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iader.org.ar/ |title=IADER: ''Nueva Etapa'' (2008) |access-date=2013-03-08 |archive-date=2013-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221041659/http://www.iader.org.ar/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; is made up in amaist a fowert bi minin an petroleum.  This sector's contreibution (maistly centred aroond [[Comodoro Rivadavia]]) helpit gie Chubut the naition's fowert-heichest per caipita ootput in 2011, US$25,250.
[[Petroleum]] refinin is the main economic activity o the province, wi 13% o Argentine ile production (maistly aff-shore). 21% o the naition's fish catch is producit bi Chubut.

Sheep ranchin, tho less nor hauf as productive than as recently as 1990, remains important at the local level.  The advent o synthetic replacements tae oo efter [[World War II]] battered the sector, further decimatit bi Argentinae's poleetical instability an naitural disasters.  Oo production haes risen syne 2002, housomeivver, an totaled 71,000 tons in 2006.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mecon.gov.ar/ MECON Republica Argentina (2008)]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie an Climate==

Chubut stretches frae the Atlantic tae the Andes: the coast is markit bi heich cliffs an sandy beaches, whareas the centre consists o several plateaus an depressions. The Andes are no vera heich in Chubut, wi maist peaks atween 1,500 m an 2,000 m.

The coast is exceptionally mild for Patagonia due tae wairm currents frae Brazil: daytime heichs range frae 24&amp;nbsp;°C (75&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 28&amp;nbsp;°C (83&amp;nbsp;°F) an nicht temperaturs range frae 11&amp;nbsp;°C (52&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 15&amp;nbsp;°C (59&amp;nbsp;°F) durin the simmer. Faws are pleasant wi ceul nichts, an winters are moderate, wi days rangin frae aboot 9&amp;nbsp;°C (48&amp;nbsp;°F) in the sooth tae 13&amp;nbsp;°C (55&amp;nbsp;°F) in the north, an nichts frae 1&amp;nbsp;°C (34&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 4&amp;nbsp;°C (40&amp;nbsp;°F). Precipitation is law, frae 150&amp;nbsp;mm tae 250&amp;nbsp;mm. Temperaturs belaw −10&amp;nbsp;°C (14&amp;nbsp;°F) are infrequent, as is hivy snaw.

The plateaus are considerably mair extreme watherwise. Temperaturs are wairm durin simmer days, wi the same range as in the coast, an ceuler nichts belaw 10&amp;nbsp;°C (50&amp;nbsp;°F). Housomeivver, as faw approaches, nicht frost becomes the rule, an winters can whiles be quite severe. Dependin on elevation, daytime heichs range frae 3&amp;nbsp;°C (37&amp;nbsp;°F) tae 9&amp;nbsp;°C (48&amp;nbsp;°F), while nichttime laws go frae −1&amp;nbsp;°C (30&amp;nbsp;°F) tae as law as −6&amp;nbsp;°C (21&amp;nbsp;°F). The lawest temperaturs go frae −25&amp;nbsp;°C tae −30&amp;nbsp;°C (−13 tae −22&amp;nbsp;°F) wi severe wind chill. Snaw is common, but in law quantities due tae aridity.

The wast becomes wetter as we approach the Andes, an some spots attain 4,000&amp;nbsp;mm o rainfaw. Simmers are ceul an windy, at 20&amp;nbsp;°C tae 22&amp;nbsp;°C (68 tae 74&amp;nbsp;°F) durin the day an 5&amp;nbsp;°C tae 7&amp;nbsp;°C (41 tae 45&amp;nbsp;°F) at nicht. Winters are vera stormy, wi rain, sleet an snaw, heichs frae 4&amp;nbsp;°C tae 8&amp;nbsp;°C (39 tae 47&amp;nbsp;°F) at law altitudes, an laws frae 0&amp;nbsp;°C (32&amp;nbsp;°F) tae −4&amp;nbsp;°C (25&amp;nbsp;°F). Temperaturs rarely dip belaw −20&amp;nbsp;°C (−4&amp;nbsp;°F) but hivy snaw mey occur.

Altitudes ower 1,000 m hae constant winter snaw civer, an ower 2,000 m, the snaw remains till midsimmer. Heicher peaks are hivily glaciatit.

== Media ==
[[Image:Beach at Rada Tilly, Chubut, Argentina 2008.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Rada Tilly]], on the [[Atlantic Ocean]].]]

===Newspapers===
Thare are a nummer o prent newspapers includin: 
* ''Crónica'' an ''El Patagónico'' in Comodoro Rivadavia
* ''El Oeste'' in Esquel
* ''El Diario de Madryn'' in Puerto Madryn
* ''El Chubut'' an ''Jornada'' in Trelew
* ''Y Drafod'', Welsh leid newspaper syne 1891
* ''Clecs Camwy'', new Welsh monthly newspaper, 2011

===Online jurnalism===
Online jurnalism haes a sma, growin presence in Chubut. The sax prent newspapers hae online edeetions; but thir are anerlie updatit ivery 24 oors. Some new digital proposals mak a better uise o wab's potential. Ane case is Infochubut.com, a recent publication that wirks wi audio, video, text an photographs for its news an affers forums for public pairticipation. Some radio stations in northwast Chubut began tae publish online some o the interviews thay mak in thare radio studies.

===Radio===
The maist populous ceeties are served bi AM radio stations lik Chubut Radio an Three Radio in Trelew, Golfo Nuevo's Radio in Puerto Madryn, National Radio in Comodoro, Rivadavia an Esquel. Thare are several FM radio stations which broadcast programs frae a naitional central office an aw.

===Televeesion===
The provincial govrenment runs a TV netwirk that covers the province. In Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Esquel, Puerto Madryn an in some sma touns thare are ither local TV stations producin local programmin tae supplement the programmin receivit frae the Buenos Aires netwirks. In 2004 mony Welsh Argentines asked the Welsh Govrenment for access tae Welsh-leid channel S4C.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid=15015947&amp;method=full&amp;siteid=50082&amp;headline=hola--plans-for-patagonia-welsh-to-watch-gente-de-valle-and-other-s4c-shows-to-improve-their-language-skills-name_page.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tourism  ==
[[Image:Southern right whale10.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Soothren richt whale]] in [[Península Valdés]], its preferred sanctuar.]]
{{see an aw|Tourism in Argentinae}}
Tourism is a growin industrie an aw. The main attractions are [[Peninsula Valdés]] an ither marine [[wildlife]] reservoirs sic as [[Punta Tombo]] an [[Punta Ninfas]], wi [[richt whale]]s, [[eared seal]]s, [[elephant seal]]s, [[penguin]]s, [[orca]]s an mony ither ainimals. At the Punta Tombo steid thare is ane o the lairgest breedin auries for the [[Magellanic penguin]].&lt;ref&gt;C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232 ''Magellanic Penguin'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607230613/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232 |date=2012-06-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Further sooth, on the sparsely populatit beaches o the [[Golfo San Jorge]], is the anerlie place in the warld whaur the peculiar, flichtless [[Chubut Steamer Duck]] can be observit. In the [[Andes|Andean]] region, the [[Los Alerces National Park]], impressive lakes an hikes near Esquel are visitit ivery year bi mony tourists. The '[[Old Patagonian Express]]' (ketn as ''La Trochita'' an aw), the auld steam train made famous bi [[Paul Theroux]], attracts mony tae [[Esquel]], as daes the ''La Hoya'' ski center. The [[Petrifeed firth|petrifeed forest]] near Sarmiento is a 150&amp;nbsp;km² pairk wi some o the lairgest fossilisit trees in the warld.
{{-}}

== Transport ==
The Ruta Nacional 3 runs alang the coast line up tae [[Buenos Aires]], an doun tae [[Tierra del Fuego]]. ''The Ruta Nacional 25'' crosses Chubut frae east tae wast, connectin [[Trelew]] an [[Esquel]], but hauf o it haes no yet been pavit. Regular lang distance buses run several times a day tae Buenos Aires, an tae mony locations in the [[Santa Cruz Province, Argentinae|Santa Cruz Province]]. Short range buses tae touns in Chubut run at least ance a day. Thare are daily simmer buses on the route #25 an aw.
The Trelew airport ([[IATA airport code|IATA]] '''REL''') serves regular flichts tae/frae [[Buenos Aires]] an [[El Calafate]]. Airports are maintained at Comodoro Rivadavia, Rawson an Esquel an aw.

Major heich-gates include:
*Route 2, frae Puerto Pirámides an Península Valdés 
*Route 3, north-sooth via Trelew an Comodoro Rivadavia
*Route 26, wast frae Comodoro Rivadavia (223&amp;nbsp;km)
*Route 20, which continues north 178&amp;nbsp;km tae Jose de San Martín
*Route 22, north frae Perito Moreno (Santa Cruz province) 125&amp;nbsp;km
*Route 25, wast frae Trelew (341&amp;nbsp;km)
*Route 62, which continues wast 166&amp;nbsp;km tae jyne Route 40 at Tecka
*Route 40, travelin north 266&amp;nbsp;km via Esquel tae Cabeza del Indio
*Route 30, east 73&amp;nbsp;km frae Route 3 tae the coast at Camarones
*Route 259, wast frae Esquel tae Chile.

Fower ither roads traivel wast tae Chile's [[Aysén Region]], includin Balmaceda an Coihaique Alto, an twa tae Chile's [[Los Lagos Region]] frae Corcovado tae Palena an frae Esquel via Trevelin tae Futaleufu.

==Poleetical diveesions==
[[Image:Numbered Chubut departments.gif|right|225px|thumb|Depairtments o the Province o Chubut.]]
The province is dividit intae 15 [[Depairtments o Argentinae|depairtments]]
(Spainyie: ''departamentos'').

Depairtment (Caipital)

# [[Cushamen Depairtment]] ([[Cushamen]])
# [[Escalante Depairtment]] ([[Comodoro Rivadavia]])
# [[Florentino Ameghino Depairtment]] ([[Camarones, Chubut|Camarones]])
# [[Futaleufú Depairtment]] ([[Esquel]])
# [[Gaiman Depairtment]] ([[Gaiman, Chubut|Gaiman]])
# [[Gastre Depairtment]] ([[Gastre]])
# [[Languiñeo Depairtment]] ([[Tecka]])
# [[Mártires Depairtment]] ([[Las Plumas]])
# [[Paso de Indios Depairtment]] ([[Paso de Indios]])
# [[Rawson Depairtment, Chubut|Rawson Depairtment]] ([[Rawson, Chubut|Rawson]])
# [[Río Senguer Depairtment]] ([[Alto Río Senguer]])
# [[Sarmiento Depairtment, Chubut|Sarmiento Department]] ([[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]])
# [[Tehuelches Depairtment]] ([[José de San Martín, Chubut|José de San Martín]])
# [[Telsen Depairtment]] ([[Telsen]])
# [[Biedma Depairtment]] ([[Puerto Madryn]])

==Institutions==
Chubut is covered bi the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Diocese o Comodoro Rivadavia]]. The Cathedral, dedicatit tae [[Saunt John Bosco|San Juan Bosco]] is in Comodoro Rivadavia an the Bishop syne 2005 is [[Virginio Domingo Bressanelli]]. Ither faiths are active in Chubut, principally amangst the Welsh chapels as well as [[Lutheran]] an [[Muslim]] places o wirship in Comodoro.

The varsity—[[Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco]]—is based in Comodoro Rivadavia wi campuses at Esquel, Trelew an Puerto Madryn, as well as in [[Ushuaia]], [[Tierra del Fuego]].
{{-}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.infochubut.com Infochubut - Online journalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201234846/https://infochubut.com/ |date=2020-12-01 }} (Spaingie)
* [http://www.chubut.gov.ar Chubut's Offeecial Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722200017/http://www.chubut.gov.ar/ |date=2011-07-22 }} (Spaingie)

{{Provinces o Argentinae}}

[[Category:Chubut| ]]
[[Category:Provinces o Argentinae]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1955]]</text>
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| native_name_lang        = es
| settlement_type         = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
| image_skyline           = Cordoba Province Montage 2.png
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Clockwise frae top: Estancia o [[Alta Gracia]], [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba Ceety]], [[Sierras de Córdoba|Sierras de Córdoba range]], Jesuit Block.
| image_flag              = Flag of Cordoba Province in Argentina.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_seal              = 
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            =Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Córdoba.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Provincia de Córdoba - localización en Argentina.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Córdoba athin Argentinae
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Argentinae]]
| subdivision_type1       = Caipital
| subdivision_name1       = [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Depairtments o Argentinae|Depairtments]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[#Poleetical diveesions|26]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Municipalities o Argentinae|Municipalities an communes]]
| subdivision_name3       = 427
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    = 
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = [[Juan Schiaretti]]
| leader_party            = [[Partido Justicialista|PJ]]
| leader_title1           = Legislatur
| leader_name1            = 70
| leader_title2           = [[Chamber o Deputies o Argentinae|Naitional Deputies]]
| leader_name2            = &lt;br&gt;[[Leet o current Argentine deputies#Córdoba Province|18]]
| leader_title3           = [[Senate o Argentinae|Naitional Senators]]
| leader_name3             = [[Luis Juez]], [[Carmen Álvarez Rivero]], [[Alejandra Vigo]]
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;br /&gt;[[Provinces o Argentinae#Demographics|Rankit 5t]]
| area_total_km2          = 165,321
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 3,308,876 
| population_as_of        = 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;INDEC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-03-15 |archive-date=2012-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901061446/http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank         = [[Leet o Argentine provinces bi population|2nt]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = ''cordobés''
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Time in Argentinae|ART]]
| utc_offset1             = −3
| timezone1_DST           = &lt;!--NO--&gt;
| utc_offset1_DST         = &lt;!--NO--&gt; 
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|AR-X]]
| website                 = {{URL|www.cba.gov.ar}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Córdoba''' ({{IPA-es|ˈkorðoβa}}) is a [[Provinces o Argentinae|province o Argentinae]], locatit in the centre o the kintra. Neebourin provinces are (clockwise frae the north): [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]], [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]], [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]], [[San Luis Province|San Luis]], [[La Rioja Province, Argentinae|La Rioja]] an [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]]. Thegither wi Santa Fe an [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]], the province is pairt o the economic an poleetical association kent as the [[Center Region (Argentinae)|Center Region]].

Córdoba is the seicont maist populous Argentine province, wi 3,308,876 inhabitants,&lt;ref name=&quot;EstINDEC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |title=Proyecciones y estimaciones de población 2001-2015 - INDEC - Pág 16. |access-date=2005-11-09 |archive-date=2005-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109220300/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an the fift bi size, at aboot 165,321&amp;nbsp;km². Amaist 41% o its inhabitantes reside in the caipital ceety, [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], an its surroondins, makkin it the seicont maist populous metro aurie in Argentinae.

== Poleetical diveesions ==
[[File:AltaGracia.jpg|thumb|Jesuit Estancia in Alta Gracia.]]


The province is dividit in 26 regions or [[Depairtments o Argentinae|depairtments]] ({{lang-es|departamentos}}) here leetit wi their regional caipitals.

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!  Depairtment !! Seat
|-
|  [[Calamuchita Depairtment|Calamuchita]] || [[San Agustín, Córdoba|San Agustín]]
|-
|  [[Capital Depairtment, Córdoba|Capital]] || [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]]
|-
|  [[Colón Depairtment, Córdoba|Colón]] || [[Jesús María, Córdoba|Jesús María]]
|-
|  [[Cruz del Eje Depairtment|Cruz del Eje]] || [[Cruz del Eje]]
|-
|  [[General Roca Depairtment, Córdoba|General Roca]] || [[Villa Huidobro]]
|-
|  [[General San Martín Depairtment, Córdoba|General San Martín]] || [[Villa María]]
|-
|  [[Ischilín Depairtment|Ischilín]] || [[Deán Funes, Córdoba|Deán Funes]]
|-
|  [[Juárez Celman Depairtment|Juárez Celman]] || [[La Carlota, Argentina|La Carlota]]
|-
|  [[Marcos Juárez Depairtment|Marcos Juárez]] || [[Marcos Juárez]]
|-
|  [[Minas Depairtment, Córdoba|Minas]] || [[San Carlos Minas]]
|-
|  [[Pocho Depairtment|Pocho]] || [[Salsacate]]
|-
|  [[Presidente Roque Sáenz Peña Depairtment|Presidente Roque Sáenz Peña]] || [[Laboulaye, Córdoba|Laboulaye]]
|-
|  [[Punilla Depairtment|Punilla]] || [[Cosquín, Córdoba|Cosquín]]
|-
|  [[Río Cuarto Depairtment|Río Cuarto]] || [[Río Cuarto, Córdoba|Río Cuarto]]
|-
|  [[Río Primero Depairtment|Río Primero]] || [[Santa Rosa de Río Primero]]
|-
|  [[Río Seco Depairtment|Río Seco]] || [[Villa de María del Río Seco]]
|-
|  [[Río Segundo Depairtment|Río Segundo]] || [[Villa del Rosario, Córdoba|Villa del Rosario]]
|-
|  [[San Alberto Depairtment|San Alberto]] || [[Villa Cura Brochero]]
|-
|  [[San Javier Depairtment, Córdoba|San Javier]] || [[Villa Dolores]]
|-
|  [[San Justo Depairtment, Córdoba|San Justo]] || [[San Francisco, Córdoba|San Francisco]]
|-
|  [[Santa María Depairtment, Córdoba|Santa María]] || [[Alta Gracia]]
|-
|  [[Sobremonte Depairtment|Sobremonte]] || [[San Francisco del Chañar]]
|-
|  [[Tercero Arriba Depairtment|Tercero Arriba]] || [[Oliva, Córdoba|Oliva]]
|-
|  [[Totoral Depairtment|Totoral]] || [[Villa del Totoral]]
|-
|  [[Tulumba Depairtment|Tulumba]] || [[Villa Tulumba]]
|-
|  [[Unión Depairtment|Unión]] || [[Bell Ville]]
|}

== See an aw ==
*[[Govrenor o Córdoba|Leet o Govrenors o Córdoba]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Córdoba Province (Argentina)}}
{{commons category|Revenue stamps of Cordoba}}
*[http://www.cba.gov.ar Offeecial Executive Pouer Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915135545/http://www.cba.gov.ar/ |date=2012-09-15 }} (Spaingie)
*[http://www.legiscba.gov.ar Offeecial Legislative Pouer Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720031012/http://www.legiscba.gov.ar/ |date=2011-07-20 }} (Spaingie)
*[http://www.justiciacordoba.gov.ar Offeecial Judicial Pouer Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723114401/http://www.justiciacordoba.gov.ar/ |date=2008-07-23 }} (Spaingie)

{{Provinces o Argentinae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cordoba Province, Argentina}}
[[Category:Provinces o Argentinae]]
[[Category:Córdoba Province, Argentinae| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7117" sha1="101dr136un9ea5hni3dqargqfi81jlc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Córdoba
| native_name_lang        = es
| settlement_type         = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
| image_skyline           = Cordoba Province Montage 2.png
| image_caption           = Clockwise frae top: Estancia o [[Alta Gracia]], [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba Ceety]], [[Sierras de Córdoba|Sierras de Córdoba range]], Jesuit Block.
| image_flag              = Flag of Cordoba Province in Argentina.svg
| image_shield            =Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Córdoba.svg
| image_map               = Provincia de Córdoba - localización en Argentina.svg
| map_caption             = Location o Córdoba athin Argentinae
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Argentinae]]
| subdivision_type1       = Caipital
| subdivision_name1       = [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Depairtments o Argentinae|Depairtments]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[#Poleetical diveesions|26]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Municipalities o Argentinae|Municipalities an communes]]
| subdivision_name3       = 427
| leader_title            = [[Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = [[Juan Schiaretti]]
| leader_party            = [[Partido Justicialista|PJ]]
| leader_title1           = Legislatur
| leader_name1            = 70
| leader_title2           = [[Chamber o Deputies o Argentinae|Naitional Deputies]]
| leader_name2            = &lt;br&gt;[[Leet o current Argentine deputies#Córdoba Province|18]]
| leader_title3           = [[Senate o Argentinae|Naitional Senators]]
| leader_name3             = [[Luis Juez]], [[Carmen Álvarez Rivero]], [[Alejandra Vigo]]
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = &lt;br /&gt;[[Provinces o Argentinae#Demographics|Rankit 5t]]
| area_total_km2          = 165,321
| population_total        = 3,308,876 
| population_as_of        = 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;INDEC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-03-15 |archive-date=2012-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901061446/http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank         = [[Leet o Argentine provinces bi population|2nt]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = ''cordobés'' 
| timezone1               = [[Time in Argentinae|ART]]
| utc_offset1             = −3
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|AR-X]]
| website                 = {{URL|www.cba.gov.ar}}
}}

'''Córdoba''' ({{IPA-es|ˈkorðoβa}}) is a [[Provinces o Argentinae|province o Argentinae]], locatit in the centre o the kintra. Neebourin provinces are (clockwise frae the north): [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]], [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]], [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]], [[San Luis Province|San Luis]], [[La Rioja Province, Argentinae|La Rioja]] an [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]]. Thegither wi Santa Fe an [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]], the province is pairt o the economic an poleetical association kent as the [[Center Region (Argentinae)|Center Region]].

Córdoba is the seicont maist populous Argentine province, wi 3,308,876 inhabitants,&lt;ref name=&quot;EstINDEC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |title=Proyecciones y estimaciones de población 2001-2015 - INDEC - Pág 16. |access-date=2005-11-09 |archive-date=2005-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109220300/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an the fift bi size, at aboot 165,321&amp;nbsp;km². Amaist 41% o its inhabitantes reside in the caipital ceety, [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], an its surroondins, makkin it the seicont maist populous metro aurie in Argentinae.

== Poleetical diveesions ==
[[File:AltaGracia.jpg|thumb|Jesuit Estancia in Alta Gracia.]]


The province is dividit in 26 regions or [[Depairtments o Argentinae|depairtments]] ({{lang-es|departamentos}}) here leetit wi their regional caipitals.

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!  Depairtment !! Seat
|-
|  [[Calamuchita Depairtment|Calamuchita]] || [[San Agustín, Córdoba|San Agustín]]
|-
|  [[Capital Depairtment, Córdoba|Capital]] || [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]]
|-
|  [[Colón Depairtment, Córdoba|Colón]] || [[Jesús María, Córdoba|Jesús María]]
|-
|  [[Cruz del Eje Depairtment|Cruz del Eje]] || [[Cruz del Eje]]
|-
|  [[General Roca Depairtment, Córdoba|General Roca]] || [[Villa Huidobro]]
|-
|  [[General San Martín Depairtment, Córdoba|General San Martín]] || [[Villa María]]
|-
|  [[Ischilín Depairtment|Ischilín]] || [[Deán Funes, Córdoba|Deán Funes]]
|-
|  [[Juárez Celman Depairtment|Juárez Celman]] || [[La Carlota, Argentina|La Carlota]]
|-
|  [[Marcos Juárez Depairtment|Marcos Juárez]] || [[Marcos Juárez]]
|-
|  [[Minas Depairtment, Córdoba|Minas]] || [[San Carlos Minas]]
|-
|  [[Pocho Depairtment|Pocho]] || [[Salsacate]]
|-
|  [[Presidente Roque Sáenz Peña Depairtment|Presidente Roque Sáenz Peña]] || [[Laboulaye, Córdoba|Laboulaye]]
|-
|  [[Punilla Depairtment|Punilla]] || [[Cosquín, Córdoba|Cosquín]]
|-
|  [[Río Cuarto Depairtment|Río Cuarto]] || [[Río Cuarto, Córdoba|Río Cuarto]]
|-
|  [[Río Primero Depairtment|Río Primero]] || [[Santa Rosa de Río Primero]]
|-
|  [[Río Seco Depairtment|Río Seco]] || [[Villa de María del Río Seco]]
|-
|  [[Río Segundo Depairtment|Río Segundo]] || [[Villa del Rosario, Córdoba|Villa del Rosario]]
|-
|  [[San Alberto Depairtment|San Alberto]] || [[Villa Cura Brochero]]
|-
|  [[San Javier Depairtment, Córdoba|San Javier]] || [[Villa Dolores]]
|-
|  [[San Justo Depairtment, Córdoba|San Justo]] || [[San Francisco, Córdoba|San Francisco]]
|-
|  [[Santa María Depairtment, Córdoba|Santa María]] || [[Alta Gracia]]
|-
|  [[Sobremonte Depairtment|Sobremonte]] || [[San Francisco del Chañar]]
|-
|  [[Tercero Arriba Depairtment|Tercero Arriba]] || [[Oliva, Córdoba|Oliva]]
|-
|  [[Totoral Depairtment|Totoral]] || [[Villa del Totoral]]
|-
|  [[Tulumba Depairtment|Tulumba]] || [[Villa Tulumba]]
|-
|  [[Unión Depairtment|Unión]] || [[Bell Ville]]
|}

== See an aw ==
*[[Govrenor o Córdoba|Leet o Govrenors o Córdoba]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Córdoba Province (Argentina)}}
{{commons category|Revenue stamps of Cordoba}}
*[http://www.cba.gov.ar Offeecial Executive Pouer Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915135545/http://www.cba.gov.ar/ |date=2012-09-15 }} (Spaingie)
*[http://www.legiscba.gov.ar Offeecial Legislative Pouer Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720031012/http://www.legiscba.gov.ar/ |date=2011-07-20 }} (Spaingie)
*[http://www.justiciacordoba.gov.ar Offeecial Judicial Pouer Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723114401/http://www.justiciacordoba.gov.ar/ |date=2008-07-23 }} (Spaingie)

{{Provinces o Argentinae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cordoba Province, Argentina}}
[[Category:Provinces o Argentinae]]
[[Category:Córdoba Province, Argentinae| ]]</text>
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    <title>Quinta Normal</title>
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      <text bytes="7992" sha1="dk6wa4d3x4lr6fjp8gst3mfujsnb30o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Quinta Normal
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = es
| settlement_type         = [[Communes o Chile|Commune]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = Flag
| image_shield            = Escudo de Quinta Normal.svg
| shield_alt              = Coat o airms
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Comuna de Quinta Normal.svg
| mapsize                 = 175px
| map_alt                 = Map o Quinta Normal commune athin [[Santiago|Greater Santiago]]
| map_caption             = Map o Quinta Normal commune athin [[Santiago|Greater Santiago]]
| pushpin_map             = Chile
| pushpin_mapsize         = 175&lt;!--omit &quot;px&quot;--&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt         = Location in Chile
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Chile
| coordinates             = {{coord|33|25.7|S|70|42|W|region:CL-RM|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = city
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Chile]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Chile|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metro.]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Chile|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    = 
| government_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Munitel&quot;&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web |url = http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |title = Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades |accessdate = 27 January 2011 |archive-date = 2011-01-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111181149/http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot;&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web |url = http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |title = Municipality of Quinta Normal |accessdate = 27 January 2011 |archive-date = 2011-01-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111181149/http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type         = [[Municipality]]
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_party = [[Christian Democratic Pairty|PDC]]
| leader_name = Manuel Fernández Araya
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;INE&quot;&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |accessdate= 13 December 2010 |archive-date= 2019-01-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190106234357/http://www.ine.cl/404.html?aspxerrorpath=%2Fcanales%2Fchile_estadistico%2Fcensos_poblacion_vivienda%2Fcenso_pobl_vivi.php |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 13
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             =
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;INE&quot;/&gt;
| population_total        = 104012
| population_as_of        = 2002 Census
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_blank1_title = [[Urban aurie|Urban]]
| population_blank1       = 104012
| population_blank2_title = [[Landwart aurie|Landwart]]
| population_blank2       = 0
| demographics_type1      = Sex
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;INE&quot;/&gt; 
| demographics1_title1    = Men
| demographics1_info1     = 50,509
| demographics1_title2    = Weemen
| demographics1_info2     = 53,503
| timezone                = [[Time in Chile|CLT]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130719/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| utc_offset              = -4
| timezone_DST            = [[Time in Chile|CLST]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| utc_offset_DST          = -3
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 56 +
| website = [http://www.quintanormal.cl Municipality of Quinta Normal]
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Quinta Normal''' is a [[communes o Chile|commune]] o [[Chile]] locatit in [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago Province]], [[Santiago Metropolitan Region]]. It is namit efter a lairge pairk in the aurie.

==Demografics==
Accordin tae the 2002 [[census]] o the [[Naitional Statistics Institute (Chile)|Naitional Statistics Institute]], Quinta Normal spans an aurie o {{convert|13|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} an haes 104,012 inhabitants (50,509 men an 53,503 weemen), makkin the commune an entirely [[urban aurie]]. The population fell bi 10.6% (12337 persons) atween the 1992 an 2002 censuses.&lt;ref name= &quot;INE&quot;/&gt;

===Stats===
*Population: 95,597 (2006 projection)&lt;ref name=&quot;sir&quot;&gt;[http://sir.mideplan.cl/ Sistema de Información Regional], Ministry of Planning of Chile. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423113455/http://sir.mideplan.cl/ |date=2008-04-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Average annual household income: US$17,919 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;sir&quot;/&gt;{{Dead link|date=December 2010}}
*Population belaw poverty line: 10.8% (2006)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mideplan.cl/final/bajar.php?path=casen2006regional&amp;id=CASEN2006-Metropolitana.pdf Poverty in the Santiago Metropolitan Region], Ministry of Planning of Chile. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824153157/http://www.mideplan.cl/final/bajar.php?path=casen2006regional&amp;id=CASEN2006-Metropolitana.pdf |date=2007-08-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Regional quality o life index: 77.01, mid-heich, 19 oot o 52 (2005)
*[[Human Development Index]]: 0.723, 87 oot o 341 (2003)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.desarrollohumano.cl/otraspub/pub12/IDHC%20con%20portada.pdf Las Trayectorias del Desarrollo Humano en las Comunas de Chile (1994-2003)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203160028/http://www.desarrollohumano.cl/otraspub/pub12/IDHC%20con%20portada.pdf |date=2012-12-03 }}.&quot; [[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]], ''Gobierno de Chile, Mideplán''&lt;/ref&gt;

==Admeenistration==
As a commune, Quinta Normal is a third-level [[admeenistrative diveesion o Chile]] admeenistered bi a [[municipal cooncil]], heidit bi an [[alcalde]] who is directly electit ivery fower years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Manuel Fernández Araya ([[Christian Democratic Pairty|PDC]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Munitel&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot;/&gt;

Athin the [[electoral diveesions of Chile]], Quinta Normal is representit in the [[Chamber o Deputies o Chile|Chamber o Deputies]] bi Nicolás Monckeberg ([[Naitional Renewal (Chile)|RN]]) an Cristina Girardi ([[Pairty for Democracy|PPD]]) as pairt o the 18t electoral destrict, (thegither wi [[Cerro Navia]] an [[Lo Prado]]). The commune is representit in the [[Senate o Chile|Senate]] bi Guido Girardi Lavín (PPD) an Jovino Novoa Vásquez ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) as pairt o the 7t senatorial constituency (Santiago-Wast).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category-inline|Quinta Normal|'''Quinta Normal'''}}
* {{es}} — [http://www.quintanormal.cl Municipality o Quinta Normal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111181149/http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |date=2011-01-11 }}

{{Communes in Santiago Metropolitan Region}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Santiago Province]]
[[Category:Geografie o Santiago, Chile]]
[[Category:Communes o Chile]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1915]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7288" sha1="mx4kmihzk0q1bwf9y4ermu3qa4jrwp6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
| name                    = Quinta Normal
| native_name_lang        = es
| settlement_type         = [[Communes o Chile|Commune]]
| flag_alt                = Flag
| image_shield            = Escudo de Quinta Normal.svg
| shield_alt              = Coat o airms
| image_map               = Comuna de Quinta Normal.svg
| mapsize                 = 175px
| map_alt                 = Map o Quinta Normal commune athin [[Santiago|Greater Santiago]]
| map_caption             = Map o Quinta Normal commune athin [[Santiago|Greater Santiago]]
| pushpin_map             = Chile
| pushpin_mapsize         = 175
| pushpin_label_position  = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt         = Location in Chile
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Chile
| coordinates             = {{coord|33|25.7|S|70|42|W|region:CL-RM|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = city
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Chile]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Chile|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metro.]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Chile|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago]]
| government_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Munitel&quot;&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web |url = http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |title = Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades |accessdate = 27 January 2011 |archive-date = 2011-01-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111181149/http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot;&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web |url = http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |title = Municipality of Quinta Normal |accessdate = 27 January 2011 |archive-date = 2011-01-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111181149/http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type         = [[Municipality]]
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_party = [[Christian Democratic Pairty|PDC]]
| leader_name = Manuel Fernández Araya
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;INE&quot;&gt;{{es}} {{Cite web |url= http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php |title= National Statistics Institute |accessdate= 13 December 2010 |archive-date= 2019-01-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190106234357/http://www.ine.cl/404.html?aspxerrorpath=%2Fcanales%2Fchile_estadistico%2Fcensos_poblacion_vivienda%2Fcenso_pobl_vivi.php |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 13
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;INE&quot;/&gt;
| population_total        = 104012
| population_as_of        = 2002 Census
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_blank1_title = [[Urban aurie|Urban]]
| population_blank1       = 104012
| population_blank2_title = [[Landwart aurie|Landwart]]
| population_blank2       = 0
| demographics_type1      = Sex
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;INE&quot;/&gt; 
| demographics1_title1    = Men
| demographics1_info1     = 50,509
| demographics1_title2    = Weemen
| demographics1_info2     = 53,503
| timezone                = [[Time in Chile|CLT]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130719/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| utc_offset              = -4
| timezone_DST            = [[Time in Chile|CLST]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=26 September 2010 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=WorldTimeZones.org |archive-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| utc_offset_DST          = -3
| area_code               = 56 +
| website = [http://www.quintanormal.cl Municipality of Quinta Normal]
}}

'''Quinta Normal''' is a [[communes o Chile|commune]] o [[Chile]] locatit in [[Santiago Province, Chile|Santiago Province]], [[Santiago Metropolitan Region]]. It is namit efter a lairge pairk in the aurie.

==Demografics==
Accordin tae the 2002 [[census]] o the [[Naitional Statistics Institute (Chile)|Naitional Statistics Institute]], Quinta Normal spans an aurie o {{convert|13|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} an haes 104,012 inhabitants (50,509 men an 53,503 weemen), makkin the commune an entirely [[urban aurie]]. The population fell bi 10.6% (12337 persons) atween the 1992 an 2002 censuses.&lt;ref name= &quot;INE&quot;/&gt;

===Stats===
*Population: 95,597 (2006 projection)&lt;ref name=&quot;sir&quot;&gt;[http://sir.mideplan.cl/ Sistema de Información Regional], Ministry of Planning of Chile. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423113455/http://sir.mideplan.cl/ |date=2008-04-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Average annual household income: US$17,919 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;sir&quot;/&gt;{{Dead link|date=December 2010}}
*Population belaw poverty line: 10.8% (2006)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mideplan.cl/final/bajar.php?path=casen2006regional&amp;id=CASEN2006-Metropolitana.pdf Poverty in the Santiago Metropolitan Region], Ministry of Planning of Chile. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824153157/http://www.mideplan.cl/final/bajar.php?path=casen2006regional&amp;id=CASEN2006-Metropolitana.pdf |date=2007-08-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Regional quality o life index: 77.01, mid-heich, 19 oot o 52 (2005)
*[[Human Development Index]]: 0.723, 87 oot o 341 (2003)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.desarrollohumano.cl/otraspub/pub12/IDHC%20con%20portada.pdf Las Trayectorias del Desarrollo Humano en las Comunas de Chile (1994-2003)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203160028/http://www.desarrollohumano.cl/otraspub/pub12/IDHC%20con%20portada.pdf |date=2012-12-03 }}.&quot; [[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]], ''Gobierno de Chile, Mideplán''&lt;/ref&gt;

==Admeenistration==
As a commune, Quinta Normal is a third-level [[admeenistrative diveesion o Chile]] admeenistered bi a [[municipal cooncil]], heidit bi an [[alcalde]] who is directly electit ivery fower years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Manuel Fernández Araya ([[Christian Democratic Pairty|PDC]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Munitel&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot;/&gt;

Athin the [[electoral diveesions of Chile]], Quinta Normal is representit in the [[Chamber o Deputies o Chile|Chamber o Deputies]] bi Nicolás Monckeberg ([[Naitional Renewal (Chile)|RN]]) an Cristina Girardi ([[Pairty for Democracy|PPD]]) as pairt o the 18t electoral destrict, (thegither wi [[Cerro Navia]] an [[Lo Prado]]). The commune is representit in the [[Senate o Chile|Senate]] bi Guido Girardi Lavín (PPD) an Jovino Novoa Vásquez ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) as pairt o the 7t senatorial constituency (Santiago-Wast).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category-inline|Quinta Normal|'''Quinta Normal'''}}
* {{es}} — [http://www.quintanormal.cl Municipality o Quinta Normal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111181149/http://www.quintanormal.cl/ |date=2011-01-11 }}

{{Communes in Santiago Metropolitan Region}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Santiago Province]]
[[Category:Geografie o Santiago, Chile]]
[[Category:Communes o Chile]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1915]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elton John</title>
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      <text bytes="11830" sha1="n1hfamdx0r0zdcmlkwacw6zq5zc7jw6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --&gt;
|name                = Sir Elton John&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire|CBE]], [[Leet o Ryal Academy o Muisic fowk|Hon DMus]], [[Leet o Ryal Academy o Muisic fowk|Hon RAM]]&lt;/small&gt;
|image               = Elton John 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG
|caption             = Elton John attendin the premiere o&lt;br&gt; ''The Union'' at the 2011 [[Tribeca Film Festival]]
|background          = solo_singer
|birth_name          = Reginald Kenneth Dwight
|birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1947|3|25}}
|birth_place         = [[Pinner]], [[Middlesex]], Ingland
|instrument          = {{nowrap|Vocals, piano, [[Keybuird instrument|keybuirds]], guitar}}
|occupation          = Muisicker, sangster-sangwriter, record producer, componer
|years_active        = 1964–present
|genre               = {{nowrap|[[Rock muisic|Rock]], [[pop rock]], [[glam rock]], [[soft rock]], [[R&amp;B]]}}
|label               = [[DJM Records|DJM]], [[Uni Records|Uni]], [[MCA Records|MCA]],&lt;br&gt; [[Geffen Records|Geffen]], [[The Rocket Record Company]]/[[Island Records|Island]],&lt;br&gt; [[Universal Records|Universal]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]], [[Mercury Records|Mercury]],&lt;br&gt; [[Universal Music Group|UMG]]
|associated_acts     = [[Bernie Taupin]], [[Tim Rice]], [[John Lennon]],&lt;br&gt; [[Yoko Ono]], [[Kiki Dee]], [[Billy Joel]],&lt;br&gt; [[George Michael]], [[Joe Cocker]], [[Eminem]], [[Gladys Knight]],&lt;br&gt; [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Anastacia]], [[Dionne Warwick]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Neil Sedaka]]
|website             = {{URL|eltonjohn.com}}
}}
'''Sir Elton Hercules John''', [[Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire|CBE]] (born '''Reginald Kenneth Dwight''' on 25 Mairch 1947), is an Inglis [[rock muisic|rock]] sangster-sangwriter, componer, pianist an occasional actor. He haes wirked wi lyricist [[Bernie Taupin]] as his sangwriter pairtner syne 1967; thay hae collaboratit on mair nor 30 albums tae date.

In his fower-decade career John haes sauld mair nor 250&amp;nbsp;million records, makin him ane o the maist [[Leet o best-sellin muisic airtists|successfu airtists o aw time]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/18137562 |title=Elton John News on Yahoo! Music |publisher=Yahoo! Music |accessdate=25 February 2009 |archive-date=2009-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112230907/http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/18137562 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; His single &quot;[[Candle in the Wind 1997]]&quot; haes sauld ower 33&amp;nbsp;million copies warldwide, an is the best sellin single in the history o the [[UK Singles Chart]] an the US [[Billboard Het 100|''Billboard'' Het 100]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/08_august/31/radio2.shtml BBC – Press Office: Elton John tops million sellers chart] ''[[BBC Radio 2]]'' ''The Official Charts Company''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ELT&gt;{{cite web
| title       = The American Recording Industry Announces its Artists of the Century
| url       = http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=1999&amp;resultpage=2&amp;id=3abf3ec8-ef5b-58f9-e949-3b57f5e313df
| publisher       = [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]
| accessdate       = 2 February 2010
| archive-date       = 2007-09-30
| archive-url       = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930200852/http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=1999&amp;resultpage=2&amp;id=3ABF3EC8-EF5B-58F9-E949-3B57F5E313DF
| url-status       = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt; He haes mair nor 50 [[:en:Top 40|Tap 40]] hits, includin seiven consecutive No.&amp;nbsp;1 US albums, [[Leet o Billboard Hot 100 chairt achievements an milestanes|56 Tap 40 singles]], 16 Tap 10, fower No.&amp;nbsp;2 hits, an nine No.&amp;nbsp;1 hits. He heas wan sax [[Grammy Awaird]]s, fower [[Brit Awaird]]s, an [[Academy Awaird]], a [[Golden Globe Awaird]] an a [[Tony Awaird]]. In 2004, ''Rolling Stone'' rankit him Nummer 49 on its leet o the 100 greatest airtists o aw time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title = The Immortals: The First Fifty| work = Rolling Stone Issue 946| url = http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty| access-date = 2013-04-12| archive-date = 2010-04-11| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100411041126/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John wis inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://rockhall.com/inductees/elton-john |title=Elton John: inducted in 1994 &amp;#124; The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum |publisher=Rockhall.com |date=25 March 1947 |accessdate=6 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haein been namit a [[Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in 1996, John received a [[Orders, decorations, an medals o the Unitit Kinrick|knichtheid]] frae Queen [[Elizabeth II]] for &quot;services tae muisic an charitable services&quot; in 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.eltonjohn.com/about/bio.jsp |title=About: All About Elton: Bio |publisher=Elton John |accessdate=6 August 2010 |archive-date=2010-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715143032/http://www.eltonjohn.com/about/bio.jsp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; John haes performed at a nummer o ryal events, sic as the [[funeral o Diana, Princess o Wales|funeral o Princess Diana]] at [[Westminster Abbey]] in 1997, an the Queen's [[Diamond Jubilee Concert]] ootside [[Buckingham Palace]] in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jubilee&quot;&gt;[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2154539/Queens-Diamond-Jubilee-2012-concert-Cheryl-Cole-dazzles-elegant-strapless-gown-dramatic-fishtail-takes-stage-Gary-Barlow-Buckingham-Palace.html 'Thanks for making us all so proud to be British': Prince Charles pays moving and personal tribute to 'Mummy' the Queen at spectacular Buckingham Palace Diamond Jubilee Concert]. Daily Mail. Retrieved 5 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/jun/11/elton-john-princess-dianas-funeral &quot;Elton John performs Candle in the Wind at Princess Diana's funeral&quot;]. The Guardian. Retrieved 5 June 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

He haes been hivily involvit in the fecht against [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] syne the late 1980s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ejaf.org/ |title=Elton John AIDS Foundation |publisher=Ejaf.org |accessdate=6 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1992, he establisht the [[Elton John AIDS Foundation]] an a year later began hostin the annual Academy Awaird Pairty, which haes syne acome ane o the heichest-profile Oscar pairties in the Hollywood film industrie. Syne its inception, the foundation haes raised ower $200 million.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.reuters.com/article/video/idUSTRE69I01I20101019?videoId=163898263 &quot;Elton John on his idol, Leon Russell&quot;]. Reuters. Retrieved 30 May 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

John entered intae a [[Ceevil pairtnership in the Unitit Kinrick|ceevil partnership]] wi [[David Furnish]] on 21 Dizember 2005 an continues tae be a champion for [[LGBT social muivements]]. In 2008, ''Billboard'' magazine rankit him as the maist successfu male solo airtist on &quot;[[Billboard Het 100 50t Anniversary Charts|The ''Billboard'' Het 100 Tap Aw-Time Airtists]]&quot; (third oweraw, ahint anerly [[The Beatles]] an [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/top100-artists-20.shtml | title=Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary |work=Billboard| accessdate=1 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Discografie==
{{Main|Elton John discografie}}
;Solo studio albums
* ''[[Empty Sky]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Elton John (album)|Elton John]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Tumbleweed Connection]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Madman Across the Water]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Honky Château]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Goodbye Yellow Brick Road]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Caribou (album)|Caribou]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Rock of the Westies]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Blue Moves]]'' (1976)
* ''[[A Single Man (album)|A Single Man]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Victim of Love (album)|Victim of Love]]'' (1979)
* ''[[21 at 33]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The Fox (Elton John album)|The Fox]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Jump Up!]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Too Low for Zero]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Breaking Hearts]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Ice on Fire]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Leather Jackets (album)|Leather Jackets]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Reg Strikes Back]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Sleeping with the Past]]'' (1989)
* ''[[The One (Elton John album)|The One]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Duets (Elton John album)|Duets]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Made in England (Elton John album)|Made in England]]'' (1995)
* ''[[The Big Picture (Elton John album)|The Big Picture]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Songs from the West Coast]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Peachtree Road (album)|Peachtree Road]]'' (2004)
* ''[[The Captain &amp; the Kid]]'' (2006)
* ''[[The Diving Board]]'' (2013)
* ''Wonderful Crazy Night'' (2016)
* ''Regimental Sgt. Zippo'' (2021)

;Collaborative albums
* ''[[The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album)|The Union]]'' wi [[Leon Russell]] (2010)
* ''[[Good Morning to the Night]]'' wi [[Pnau]] (2012)

;Soondtracks, scores &amp; theatre albums
* ''[[Friends (soundtrack)|Friends]]'' (1971)
* ''[[The Lion King (soundtrack)|The Lion King]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Aida (musical)|Aida]]'' (1998)
* ''[[The Muse (1999 film)|The Muse]]'' (1999)
* ''[[The Road to El Dorado (soundtrack)|The Road to El Dorado]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Billy Elliot the Musical|Billy Elliot]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Lestat (musical)|Lestat]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Gnomeo &amp; Juliet (soundtrack)|Gnomeo &amp; Juliet]]'' (2011)

;Films
* ''[[Elton John: Me, Myself &amp; I]]'' (2007) autobiografie as hissel
* ''[[The Country Bears]]'', US (2002) as hissel
* ''[[Spice World (film)|Spice World]]'', UK (1997) as hissel
* ''[[Tommy (film)|Tommy]]'', UK (1975) as Pinball Wizard
* ''[[Born to Boogie]]'', US (1972) as hissel wi Marc Bolan an Ringo Starr

== See an aw ==
{{Wikipedia books|Elton John}}
{{-}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

;Bibliografie
* Goodall, Nigel. ''Elton John: A Visual Documentary'', [[Omnibus Press]], 1993. ISBN 0-7119-3078-3/
* Rosenthal, Elizabeth. ''His Song: The Musical Journey of Elton John'', [[Billboard Books]], 2001. ISBN 0-8230-8892-8/

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.eltonjohn.com/ Elton John's offeecial wabsteid]

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Elton}}
[[Category:Elton John| ]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:AIDS activists]]
[[Category:Alumni o the Royal Academy of Music]]
[[Category:Best Sang Academy Awaird-winnin sangwriters]]
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:Breetish rhythm an blues boom muisickers]]
[[Category:Breetish soft rock muisickers]]
[[Category:Commanders o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:Inglis fitbaa chairmen an investors]]
[[Category:Inglis male sangsters]]
[[Category:Inglis muisical theatre componers]]
[[Category:Inglis pop pianists]]
[[Category:Inglis rock pianists]]
[[Category:Inglis sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:Inglis tenors]]
[[Category:Gay actors]]
[[Category:Gay muisickers]]
[[Category:Geffen Records airtists]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]]
[[Category:Island Records airtists]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Kennedy Center honourees]]
[[Category:Knichts Bachelor]]
[[Category:LGBT componers]]
[[Category:LGBT muisickers frae Ingland]]
[[Category:LGBT sangsters]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:MCA Records airtists]]
[[Category:Mercury Records airtists]]
[[Category:MusiCares Person of the Year]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Old Windsor]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pinner]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous muisickers]]
[[Category:Releegious sceptics]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Rocket Records airtists]]
[[Category:Silver Clef Awards winners]]
[[Category:Sangsters awairdit knichtheids]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae Lunnon]]
[[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Uni Records airtists]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Watford F.C. directors]]</text>
      <sha1>n1hfamdx0r0zdcmlkwacw6zq5zc7jw6</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Adra, Sirie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3118" sha1="72qxde9qvzk29qfqf1zt5qshi3qr2e2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = 'Adra
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;عدرا&lt;/big&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|pushpin_map            =Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        =250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Douma Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Douma
|settlement_type        = Veelage&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref              = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2             =
|area_land_km2              =
|area_water_km2             =
|area_total_sq_mi        =
|area_land_sq_mi         =
|area_water_sq_mi        =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2             =
|area_urban_sq_mi        =
|area_metro_km2             =
|area_metro_sq_mi        =
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 20,559
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|36|0|N|36|30|54|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m              = 
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}

'''{{'}}Adra''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;عدرا&lt;/big&gt;}}) is a toun in soothren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]], locatit soothwast o [[Damascus]]. Nearbi localities include [[Douma]] tae the soothwast, [[al-Dumayr]] an [[al-Qutayfah]] tae the northeast, an the Eastren Damascus [[Ghouta]] tae the sooth. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, the toun haed a population o 20,559 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-8-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209094852/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-8-2004.htm |date=2019-12-09 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|douma}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Douma Destrict]]
[[Category:Veelages in Sirie]]</text>
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|official_name          = 'Adra
|native_name            = &lt;big&gt;عدرا&lt;/big&gt;
|pushpin_map            = Syria
|pushpin_mapsize        = 250
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Sirie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Douma Destrict]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3      = Douma
|settlement_type        = Veelage
|unit_pref              = Metric 
|population_as_of       = 2004 census
|population_total       = 20,559
|population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;/&gt;
|timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|36|0|N|36|30|54|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
}}

'''{{'}}Adra''' ({{lang-ar|&lt;big&gt;عدرا&lt;/big&gt;}}) is a toun in soothren [[Sirie]], admeenistratively pairt o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]], locatit soothwast o [[Damascus]]. Nearbi localities include [[Douma]] tae the soothwast, [[al-Dumayr]] an [[al-Qutayfah]] tae the northeast, an the Eastren Damascus [[Ghouta]] tae the sooth. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, the toun haed a population o 20,559 in the 2004 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-8-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209094852/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-8-2004.htm |date=2019-12-09 }}. Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Govrenorate. {{ar icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rif Dimashq Govrenorate|douma}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Douma Destrict]]
[[Category:Veelages in Sirie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hera</title>
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      <text bytes="2048" sha1="dbfk99yezy8vgyfdgoqhdq2e8z09wjt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox deity
| type             = Greek
| name             = Hera
| image            = Hera Campana Louvre Ma2283.jpg
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = The ''[[Giampietro Campana|Campana]] Hera'', a [[Auncient Roum|Roman]] copy o a [[Hellenistic]]&lt;br&gt; original, frae the [[Musée du Louvre|Louvre]]
| god_of           = Queen o the Gods &lt;br/&gt; Goddess o Marriage, Weemen an Birth
| abode            = [[Moont Olympus]]
| symbol           = [[Pomegranate]], [[Peacock|Peacock feather]], [[Diadem]], [[Cou]], [[lily]]
| consort          = [[Zeus]]
| parents          = [[Cronus]] an [[Rhea (meethologie)|Rhea]]
| siblings         = [[Poseidon]], [[Hades]], [[Demeter]], [[Hestia]], [[Zeus]], [[Chiron]]
| children         = [[Ares]], [[Enyo]], [[Hebe (meethologie)|Hebe]], [[Eileithyia]], [[Hephaestus]] an [[Eris (meethologie)|Eris]]
| mount            = 
| Roman_equivalent = [[Juno (meethologie)|Juno]]
}}
'''Hera''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛr|ə}}; [[Greek leid|Greek]] {{lang|grc|Ἥρα}}, ''Hēra'', equivalently {{lang|grc|Ἥρη}}, ''Hērē'', in [[Ionic dialect|Ionic]] an [[Homeric dialect|Homer]]) is the wife an ane o three sisters o [[Zeus]] in the [[Twal Olympians|Olympian pantheon]] o [[Greek meethologie]] an releegion o ancient Greece. Her chief function is as the goddess o weemen an marriage. Her coonterpairt in the religion of ancient Rome was [[Juno (meethologie)|Juno]]. The [[cou]], [[lion]] an the [[peacock]] are saucrit tae her. Hera's mither is [[Rhea (meethologie)|Rhea]] an her faither [[Cronus]].

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Hera}}
* [http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Hera.html Theoi Project, Hera] Hera in classical literature and Greek art
* [http://www.wbenjamin.org/nc/heraion.html The Heraion at Samos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128121229/http://www.wbenjamin.org/nc/heraion.html |date=2012-11-28 }}

[[Category:Hera| ]]
[[Category:Greek goddesses]]
[[Category:Twal Olympians]]
[[Category:Deities in the Iliad]]
[[Category:Queens in Greek meethologie]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1982" sha1="mu0sgganx9onnynd96wkw6sqbs56trb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox deity
| type             = Greek
| name             = Hera
| image            = Hera Campana Louvre Ma2283.jpg
| caption          = The ''[[Giampietro Campana|Campana]] Hera'', a [[Auncient Roum|Roman]] copy o a [[Hellenistic]]&lt;br&gt; original, frae the [[Musée du Louvre|Louvre]]
| god_of           = Queen o the Gods &lt;br/&gt; Goddess o Marriage, Weemen an Birth
| abode            = [[Moont Olympus]]
| symbol           = [[Pomegranate]], [[Peacock|Peacock feather]], [[Diadem]], [[Cou]], [[lily]]
| consort          = [[Zeus]]
| parents          = [[Cronus]] an [[Rhea (meethologie)|Rhea]]
| siblings         = [[Poseidon]], [[Hades]], [[Demeter]], [[Hestia]], [[Zeus]], [[Chiron]]
| children         = [[Ares]], [[Enyo]], [[Hebe (meethologie)|Hebe]], [[Eileithyia]], [[Hephaestus]] an [[Eris (meethologie)|Eris]]
| Roman_equivalent = [[Juno (meethologie)|Juno]]
}}
'''Hera''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛr|ə}}; [[Greek leid|Greek]] {{lang|grc|Ἥρα}}, ''Hēra'', equivalently {{lang|grc|Ἥρη}}, ''Hērē'', in [[Ionic dialect|Ionic]] an [[Homeric dialect|Homer]]) is the wife an ane o three sisters o [[Zeus]] in the [[Twal Olympians|Olympian pantheon]] o [[Greek meethologie]] an releegion o ancient Greece. Her chief function is as the goddess o weemen an marriage. Her coonterpairt in the religion of ancient Rome was [[Juno (meethologie)|Juno]]. The [[cou]], [[lion]] an the [[peacock]] are saucrit tae her. Hera's mither is [[Rhea (meethologie)|Rhea]] an her faither [[Cronus]].

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Hera}}
* [http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Hera.html Theoi Project, Hera] Hera in classical literature and Greek art
* [http://www.wbenjamin.org/nc/heraion.html The Heraion at Samos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128121229/http://www.wbenjamin.org/nc/heraion.html |date=2012-11-28 }}

[[Category:Hera| ]]
[[Category:Greek goddesses]]
[[Category:Twal Olympians]]
[[Category:Deities in the Iliad]]
[[Category:Queens in Greek meethologie]]</text>
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    <title>Fuente Vaqueros</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="3261" sha1="1y1oh7pl03wqku610l73hrtzjln4u70" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Fuente Vaqueros
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name           = &lt;!-- if different from name --&gt;
| native_name             = &lt;!-- if different from name --&gt;
| image_skyline           =
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           =
| image_flag              = Bandera de Fuente Vaqueros (Granada).svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de Fuente Vaqueros (Granada).svg
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = LocationFuente Vaqueros.png
| map_caption             = Location o Fuente Vaqueros
| pushpin_map             = Spain
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Spain
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Andalusie}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province o Granada|Granada]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas o Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Vega de Granada]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial destrict]]
| subdivision_name4       = Santa Fe
| subdivision_type5       = [[Commonwalth]]
| subdivision_name5       = [[Vega Baja de Granada]]
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --&gt;
| seat                    =
| coordinates             = {{coord|37|13|0|N|3|46|59|W|type:city|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| elevation_m             = 543
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 16.01
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Founded --&gt;
| established_date        =
| population_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
| population_total        = 4327
| population_as_of        = 2008
| population_demonym      = Fuenterino, -na
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leids o Spain|Offeecial leid(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1         =
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 18340
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| area_code               =
| leader_title            = [[Jefe del Senado]] Comandante
| leader_name             = Migue I el historiador (1993)
| leader_party            = 
| website                 = {{official|http://www.fuente-vaqueros.com/}}
| footnotes               =
}}

'''Fuente Vaqueros''' is a fermin veelage in the [[province o Granada]], [[Spain]]. It lees 17km wast o the ceety o [[Granada]]. Its population wis recordit in 2005 as 4,590. The principal crops are asparagus, olives an apples.

The veelage is famous as the birthplace o the poet [[Federico García Lorca]]. His birthplace is nou a museum, the Museo Casa Natal Federico García Lorca.

{{municipalities in Granada}}

[[Category:Municipalities in the Province o Granada]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Granada]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2597" sha1="abl1avlkumt5gwwy2xya3am10732h7x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Fuente Vaqueros
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| image_flag              = Bandera de Fuente Vaqueros (Granada).svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de Fuente Vaqueros (Granada).svg
| image_map               = LocationFuente Vaqueros.png
| map_caption             = Location o Fuente Vaqueros
| pushpin_map             = Spain
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Spain
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Andalusie}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province o Granada|Granada]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas o Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Vega de Granada]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial destrict]]
| subdivision_name4       = Santa Fe
| subdivision_type5       = [[Commonwalth]]
| subdivision_name5       = [[Vega Baja de Granada]]
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --&gt;
| coordinates             = {{coord|37|13|0|N|3|46|59|W|type:city|display=inline}}
| elevation_m             = 543
| area_total_km2          = 16.01
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Founded --&gt;
| population_total        = 4327
| population_as_of        = 2008
| population_demonym      = Fuenterino, -na
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leids o Spain|Offeecial leid(s)]]
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 18340
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| leader_title            = [[Jefe del Senado]] Comandante
| leader_name             = Migue I el historiador (1993) 
| website                 = {{official|http://www.fuente-vaqueros.com/}}
}}

'''Fuente Vaqueros''' is a fermin veelage in the [[province o Granada]], [[Spain]]. It lees 17km wast o the ceety o [[Granada]]. Its population wis recordit in 2005 as 4,590. The principal crops are asparagus, olives an apples.

The veelage is famous as the birthplace o the poet [[Federico García Lorca]]. His birthplace is nou a museum, the Museo Casa Natal Federico García Lorca.

{{municipalities in Granada}}

[[Category:Municipalities in the Province o Granada]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Granada]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>London Borough of Hackney</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>57806</id>
    <revision>
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        <id>77804</id>
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      <text bytes="5222" sha1="5zom5j9827cbbppbh9p669h2vdj58ai" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox London Borough
| name               = Hackney
| short_name         = Hackney
| imagename          = LondonHackney.svg
| status             = [[Lunnon burgh]]
| area_rank          = 349th
| area_km2           = 19.06
| ons_code           = 00AM
| gss_code           = E09000012
| adminhq            = Mare Street, Hackney
| url                = http://www.hackney.gov.uk/
| leadership         = Mayor &amp; Cabinet
| mayor_title        = [[Directly electit mayor o Hackney|Mayor]]
| mayor              = [[Jules Pipe]] [[CBE]]
| mps                = [[Diane Abbott]]&lt;br&gt; [[Meg Hillier]]
| gla_member         = [[Jennette Arnold]]
| postcode_areas     = E, EC, N
}}
'''The London Borough of Hackney''' ({{Audio|En-uk-LBHackney.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[Lunnon burgh]] locatit in [[East Lunnon]] an north o the [[Ceety o Lunnon]]. It is currently pairt o the East subregion, tho wis includit in the North subregion frae 2008 tae 2011.&lt;ref name=LondonPlanMap&gt;[http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/maps-diagrams/map-5a-01.jsp ''Map 5A.1 – London's sub-regions''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324145212/http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/maps-diagrams/map-5a-01.jsp |date=2010-03-24 }} ''The London Plan ([[Greater London Authority]], 2008) accessed 13 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane o the [[Inner Lunnon]] burghs.&lt;ref&gt;''Office of Public Sector Information'' – [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended)] accessed 13 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; The local authority is [[Hackney London Borough Council]].

==Twinned touns==
The London Borough of Hackney haes formal [[Toun twinnin|twinnin]] arrangements wi:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; &quot;text-align:right;font-size:100%;&quot;|
|-
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:#fff;&quot; !| Flag
!  style=&quot;height:17px; background:#810541; color:#fff; width:110px;&quot;|Kintra
! ! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:#fff; width:110px;&quot;| Toun&lt;ref name=Twin/&gt;
! ! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:#fff; width:150px;&quot;| Region
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| {{flagicon|Barbados}}
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Barbados]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Bridgetown]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| ''[[Caribbean]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| {{flagicon|France}}
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| Fraunce
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Suresnes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Archant twinning 3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|accessdate=2013-07-20|archivedate=2013-07-05|work=Archant Community Media Ltd|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| ''Wastren Paris''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| {{flagicon|Germany}}
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| Germany
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Göttingen]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| ''[[Lawer Saxony]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| {{flagicon|Grenada}}
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Grenada]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:#000;&quot; !| [[St. George's, Grenada|St George's]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| ''[[Caribbean]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !|  {{flagicon|Israel}}
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Israel]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Haifa]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| ''[[Northern Israel]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| {{flagicon|RUS}}
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Roushie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:#000;&quot; !| [[Presnensky Destrict]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:#000;&quot; !| ''[[Moscow|Moscow suburb]]''
|}

An an informal twinnin wi 
:{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Alexandra, Gauteng|Alexandra]], Sooth Africae.&lt;ref name=Twin&gt;[http://www.hackney.gov.uk/servapps/CommunityDirectories/Details.aspx?OrgID=5810 Twinning]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (LB Hackney) Accessed 19 September 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
The burgh haes informal links wi Sooth Africae, Turkey, an [[Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines]] an aw. The [[Homerton University Hospital]] haes its awn twinnin arrangements wi the [[Rambam Medical Centre]] (Haifa, Israel) an [[St George's Hospital]] (Grenada). Schuils are encouragit tae pursue links wi specific schuils abroad&amp;nbsp;– such as the arrangement atween Our Lady's Convent Roman Catholic High School an a schuil in [[Hangzhou]], Sooth Wast Cheenae.&lt;ref name=Twin/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|London/Hackney}}
{{Commons category|London Borough of Hackney}}
*[http://www.hackney.gov.uk/ Offeecial steid o Hackney cooncil]

{{London}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:London Borough Of Hackney}}
[[Category:Lunnon burghs|Hackney]]
[[Category:London Borough of Hackney| ]]
[[Category:UK locations wi ethnic minority-majority populations]]
[[Category:Turkis commonties in the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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{{Infobox settlement
| name                        = Orange Coonty, Californie
| official_name               = County of Orange 
| native_name                 =
| other_name                  =
| settlement_type             = [[Coonty (Unitit States)|Coonty]]
| image_skyline               = CDM Newport Beach 2013 Photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg
| image_size                  =
| image_caption               = Aerial view of the coast of [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]] in May 2005.
| image_flag                  = Flag of Orange County, California.svg
| flag_size                   =
| image_seal                  = Seal of Orange County, California.svg
| seal_size                   =
| named_for                   = Orange groves that wur ance plentiful in the aurie
| subdivision_type            = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name            = {{nowrap|{{flag|Unitit States}}}}
| subdivision_type1           = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1           = {{flag|Californie}}
----
| subdivision_type2           = Region
| subdivision_name2           = [[Greater Los Angeles Area]]
| seat_type                   = [[Coonty seat]]
| seat                        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Santa Ana, California.svg}} [[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]]
| parts_type                  = Lairgest ceety
| parts                       = {{flagicon image|Flag of Anaheim, California (2018–present).svg}} [[Anaheim]]
| unit_pref                   = US
| area_total_sq_mi            = 947.98
| area_land_sq_mi             = 789.40
| area_water_sq_mi            = 158.57
| elevation_max_footnotes     =
| elevation_max_ft            =
| elevation_min_footnotes     =
| elevation_min_ft            =
| population_as_of            = 2010 Census
| population_total            = 3010232
| population_density_sq_mi    = 3813.3
| population_demonym          = Orange Countian
| established_title           = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date            = March 11, 1889
| leader_title                =
| leader_name                 =
| leader_title1               =
| leader_name1                =
| timezone                    = [[Paceefic Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset                  = -8
| timezone_DST                = [[Paceefic Daylicht Time]]
| utc_offset_DST              = -7
| postal_code_type            = &lt;!--[[ZIP Code]]--&gt;
| postal_code                 =
| area_codes                  = 562, 714, 949
| image_map                   = Map of California highlighting Orange County.svg
| mapsize                     = 200px
| map_caption                 = Location in the state o Californie
| image_map1                  = Map of USA CA.svg
| mapsize1                    = 200px
| map_caption1                = Californie's location in the [[Unitit States]]
| image_map1                  = OrangeCountyCA Map.gif
| mapsize1                    = 200px
| map_caption1                = Ceeties in Orange Coonty
| website                     = {{URL|http://www.ocgov.com|www.OCGov.com}}
| footnotes                   =
}}
 
'''Orange Coonty''' is a [[coonty (Unitit States)|coonty]] in the [[U.S. state]] o [[Californie]]. Its [[coonty seat]] is [[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]]. As o the 2010 census, its population wis 3,010,232, makkin it the third maist populous coonty in Californie, ahint [[Los Angeles Coonty]] an [[San Diego Coonty]], an the seicont maist populous in the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]], efter Los Angeles Coonty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/maps/california_map.html |title=California County QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-05-14 |archive-date=2011-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104034024/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/maps/california_map.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the [[Leet o the maist populous counties in the Unitit States|saxt maist populous coonty]] in the [[Unitit States]] as o 2009 while at the same time is the smallest area-wise county in [[Soothren Californie]], bein roughly hauf the size o the next smawest coonty, [[Ventura Coonty|Ventura]]. It is the seicont-maist densely populatit coonty in the state, seicont anerly tae [[San Francisco]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usa.com/rank/california-state--population-density--county-rank.htm |title=California Population Density County Rank |publisher=USA.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-14 |archive-date=2013-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814084054/http://www.usa.com/rank/california-state--population-density--county-rank.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The coonty is famous for its tourism, as the hame o such attractions as [[Disneyland]] an [[Knott's Berry Farm]], an several beaches alang its mair nor {{convert|40|mi|km|0}} o coastline. It is kent for its [[affluence]] an poleetical [[Conservatism in the Unitit States|conservatism]] – a 2005 academic study leetit three Orange Coonty ceeties as bein amang Americae's 25 &quot;maist conservative,&quot; makkin it ane o twa coonties in the kintra containin mair nor ane such ceety ([[Maricopa Coonty]], [[Arizona]], haes three ceeties on the leet an aw).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://govpro.com/content/gov_imp_31439/ |title=Study ranks America's most liberal and conservative cities |publisher=Govpro.com |date=2005-08-16 |accessdate=2010-07-22 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722203607/http://govpro.com/content/gov_imp_31439/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
It is part of the [[Tech Coast]].

Orange Coonty wis at the time the lairgest American coonty tae hae gone bankrupt, when in 1994 langtime treasurer [[Robert Citron]]'s investment strategies left the coonty wi inadequate caipital tae allou for ony rise in interest rates for its tradin positions. When the residents o Orange Coonty votit doun a proposal tae raise taxes in order tae balance the budget, bankruptcy follaeed suin efter. Citron later pleadit guilty tae sax felonies regardin the matter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/personal-finance/740233.html |title=Losing your tail on the repo market: The story of Robert Citron |publisher=The Arbitrageur |date= |accessdate=1998-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Whareas maist population centers in the Unitit States tend tae be identifee'd bi a major ceety, thare is no defined urban centre in Orange Coonty (it is sometimes considered pairt o baith the Los Angeles an San Diego metro auries). It is maistly suburban except for some tradeetionally urban auries at the centres o the aulder ceeties o [[Anaheim]], [[Fullerton, Californie|Fullerton]], [[Huntington Beach]], [[Orange, Californie|Orange]], an [[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]]. Thare are several [[edge ceety]]-style developments such as Irvine Business Center, [[Newport Center]], an South Coast Metro.

The ceety o Santa Ana serves as the govrenmental centre o the coonty, or coonty seat, Anaheim as its main tourist destination, an [[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]] as its major business an financial hub. Aw o these three Orange Coonty ceeties hae populations exceedin 200,000.
Thirty-fower [[Incorporatit place|incorporatit]] ceeties are locatit in Orange Coonty; the newest is [[Aliso Viejo]], which wis incorporatit in 2001. Anaheim wis the first ceety incorporatit in Orange Coonty, in 1870 when the region wis still pairt o neebourin Los Angeles Coonty.

==Geografie==

===Incorporatit ceeties===
As o August 2006, Orange Coonty haes 34 incorporatit ceeties. The auldest is Anaheim (1870) an the newest is Aliso Viejo (2001).

{{multicol}}
*[[Aliso Viejo]], incorporatit in 2001
*[[Anaheim]], incorporatit in 1870
*[[Brea, Californie|Brea]], incorporatit in 1917
*[[Buena Park, Californie|Buena Park]], incorporatit in 1953
*[[Costa Mesa]], incorporatit in 1953
*[[Cypress, Californie|Cypress]], incorporatit in 1956
*[[Dana Point]], incorporatit in 1989
*[[Fountain Valley, Californie|Fountain Valley]], incorporatit in 1957
*[[Fullerton, Californie|Fullerton]], incorporatit in 1904
*[[Garden Grove, Californie|Garden Grove]], incorporatit in 1956
*[[Huntington Beach]], incorporatit in 1909
*[[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]], incorporatit in 1971
*[[La Habra]], incorporatit in 1925
*[[La Palma, Californie|La Palma]], incorporatit in 1955
*[[Laguna Beach]], incorporatit in 1927
*[[Laguna Hills]], incorporatit in 1991
*[[Laguna Niguel]], incorporatit in 1989
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Laguna Woods]], incorporatit in 1999
*[[Lake Forest, Californie|Lake Forest]], incorporatit in 1991
*[[Los Alamitos, Californie|Los Alamitos]], incorporatit in 1960
*[[Mission Viejo, Californie|Mission Viejo]], incorporatit in 1988
*[[Newport Beach]], incorporatit in 1906
*[[Orange, Californie|Orange]], incorporatit in 1888
*[[Placentia, Californie|Placentia]], incorporatit in 1926
*[[Rancho Santa Margarita, Californie|Rancho Santa Margarita]], incorporatit in 2000
*[[San Clemente, Californie|San Clemente]], incorporatit in 1928
*[[San Juan Capistrano]], incorporatit in 1961
*[[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]], incorporatit in 1886
*[[Seal Beach]], incorporatit in 1915
*[[Stanton, Californie|Stanton]], incorporatit in 1956
*[[Tustin, Californie|Tustin]], incorporatit in 1927
*[[Villa Park, Californie|Villa Park]], incorporatit in 1962
*[[Westminster, Californie|Westminster]], incorporatit in 1957
*[[Yorba Linda]], incorporatit in 1967
{{multicol-end}}

===Unincorporatit commonties===
{{See also|Leet o neebourheids an unincorporatit commonties in Orange Coonty}}

These commonties are ootside o ceety limits in [[unincorporatit aurie|unincorporatit]] coonty territory:
{{Div col}}
*[[Coto de Caza, Californie|Coto de Caza]]
* Cowan Heights
*Emerald Bay
*[[Ladera Ranch, Californie|Ladera Ranch]]
*[[Las Flores, Californie|Las Flores]]
* Lemon Heights
*[[Midway City, Californie|Midway City]]
*[[Modjeska Canyon, Californie|Modjeska Canyon]]
*[[North Tustin, Californie|North Tustin]]
*[[Orange Park Acres, Californie|Orange Park Acres]]
*[[Rancho Mission Viejo]]
*Red Hill
*[[Rossmoor, Californie|Rossmoor]]
*[[Silverado, Californie|Silverado]]
*[[Trabuco Canyon, Californie|Trabuco Canyon]]
{{Div col end}}

===Planned commonties===
Orange Coonty haes a history o lairge [[Planned commonty|planned commonties]]. Nearly 30% o the coonty wis creatit as master planned commonties, the maist notable bein the [[Irvine, Californie|City of Irvine]], [[Coto de Caza]], [[Anaheim Hills]], [[Tustin Ranch]], [[Tustin Legacy]], [[Ladera Ranch]], [[Talega]], [[Rancho Santa Margarita, Californie|Rancho Santa Margarita]], an [[Mission Viejo]]. [[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]] is aften referred tae as a model maister-planned ceety, for its veelages o Woodbridge, Northwood, University Park, an Turtle Rock that wur laid oot bi the [[Irvine Company]] o the mid-1960s afore it wis bocht by a group o investors that includit [[Donald Bren]].

===Adjacent coonties===
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Orange Coonty
|North     = [[Los Angeles Coonty]]
|Northeast = [[San Bernardino Coonty]]
|East      = [[Riverside Coonty]]
|Southeast = [[San Diego Coonty]]
|South     = [[Paceefic Ocean]]
|Southwest = [[Paceefic Ocean]]
|West      = [[Paceefic Ocean]]
|Northwest = [[Los Angeles Coonty]]
}}

===Naitional protectit auries===
* [[Cleveland National Forest]] (pairt)
* [[Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.oc.ca.gov/ County of Orange] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815165300/http://oc.ca.gov/ |date=2013-08-15 }}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*[http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/29/us/20100830_ORANGE.html Orange County’s Changing Politics] – slideshow by ''[[The New York Times]]''
*[http://www.uscounties.org/cffiles_web/counties/county.cfm?id=6059 Orange County, California] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308051837/http://www.uscounties.org/cffiles_web/counties/county.cfm?id=6059 |date=2012-03-08 }} on [http://www.naco.org National Association Of Counties]
*[http://www.imdb.com/search/text?realm=title&amp;field=locations&amp;q=orange+county Filming Locations in Orange County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727064330/http://www.imdb.com/search/text?realm=title&amp;field=locations&amp;q=orange+county |date=2013-07-27 }}


[[Category:Orange Coonty, Californie| ]]
[[Category:Californie coonties]]
[[Category:Govrenment units that hae filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1889‎]]</text>
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{{Infobox settlement
| name                        = Orange Coonty, Californie
| official_name               = County of Orange 
| settlement_type             = [[Coonty (Unitit States)|Coonty]]
| image_skyline               = CDM Newport Beach 2013 Photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg
| image_caption               = Aerial view of the coast of [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]] in May 2005.
| image_flag                  = Flag of Orange County, California.svg
| image_seal                  = Seal of Orange County, California.svg
| named_for                   = Orange groves that wur ance plentiful in the aurie
| subdivision_type            = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name            = {{nowrap|{{flag|Unitit States}}}}
| subdivision_type1           = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1           = {{flag|Californie}}
----
| subdivision_type2           = Region
| subdivision_name2           = [[Greater Los Angeles Area]]
| seat_type                   = [[Coonty seat]]
| seat                        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Santa Ana, California.svg}} [[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]]
| parts_type                  = Lairgest ceety
| parts                       = {{flagicon image|Flag of Anaheim, California (2018–present).svg}} [[Anaheim]]
| unit_pref                   = US
| area_total_sq_mi            = 947.98
| area_land_sq_mi             = 789.40
| area_water_sq_mi            = 158.57
| population_as_of            = 2010 Census
| population_total            = 3010232
| population_density_sq_mi    = 3813.3
| population_demonym          = Orange Countian
| established_title           = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date            = March 11, 1889
| timezone                    = [[Paceefic Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset                  = -8
| timezone_DST                = [[Paceefic Daylicht Time]]
| utc_offset_DST              = -7
| area_codes                  = 562, 714, 949
| image_map                   = Map of California highlighting Orange County.svg
| mapsize                     = 200px
| map_caption                 = Location in the state o Californie
| image_map1                  = Map of USA CA.svg
| mapsize1                    = 200px
| map_caption1                = Californie's location in the [[Unitit States]]
| image_map1                  = OrangeCountyCA Map.gif
| mapsize1                    = 200px
| map_caption1                = Ceeties in Orange Coonty
| website                     = {{URL|http://www.ocgov.com|www.OCGov.com}}
}}
 
'''Orange Coonty''' is a [[coonty (Unitit States)|coonty]] in the [[U.S. state]] o [[Californie]]. Its [[coonty seat]] is [[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]]. As o the 2010 census, its population wis 3,010,232, makkin it the third maist populous coonty in Californie, ahint [[Los Angeles Coonty]] an [[San Diego Coonty]], an the seicont maist populous in the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]], efter Los Angeles Coonty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/maps/california_map.html |title=California County QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-05-14 |archive-date=2011-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104034024/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/maps/california_map.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the [[Leet o the maist populous counties in the Unitit States|saxt maist populous coonty]] in the [[Unitit States]] as o 2009 while at the same time is the smallest area-wise county in [[Soothren Californie]], bein roughly hauf the size o the next smawest coonty, [[Ventura Coonty|Ventura]]. It is the seicont-maist densely populatit coonty in the state, seicont anerly tae [[San Francisco]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.usa.com/rank/california-state--population-density--county-rank.htm |title=California Population Density County Rank |publisher=USA.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-14 |archive-date=2013-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814084054/http://www.usa.com/rank/california-state--population-density--county-rank.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The coonty is famous for its tourism, as the hame o such attractions as [[Disneyland]] an [[Knott's Berry Farm]], an several beaches alang its mair nor {{convert|40|mi|km|0}} o coastline. It is kent for its [[affluence]] an poleetical [[Conservatism in the Unitit States|conservatism]] – a 2005 academic study leetit three Orange Coonty ceeties as bein amang Americae's 25 &quot;maist conservative,&quot; makkin it ane o twa coonties in the kintra containin mair nor ane such ceety ([[Maricopa Coonty]], [[Arizona]], haes three ceeties on the leet an aw).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://govpro.com/content/gov_imp_31439/ |title=Study ranks America's most liberal and conservative cities |publisher=Govpro.com |date=2005-08-16 |accessdate=2010-07-22 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722203607/http://govpro.com/content/gov_imp_31439/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
It is part of the [[Tech Coast]].

Orange Coonty wis at the time the lairgest American coonty tae hae gone bankrupt, when in 1994 langtime treasurer [[Robert Citron]]'s investment strategies left the coonty wi inadequate caipital tae allou for ony rise in interest rates for its tradin positions. When the residents o Orange Coonty votit doun a proposal tae raise taxes in order tae balance the budget, bankruptcy follaeed suin efter. Citron later pleadit guilty tae sax felonies regardin the matter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/personal-finance/740233.html |title=Losing your tail on the repo market: The story of Robert Citron |publisher=The Arbitrageur |date= |accessdate=1998-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Whareas maist population centers in the Unitit States tend tae be identifee'd bi a major ceety, thare is no defined urban centre in Orange Coonty (it is sometimes considered pairt o baith the Los Angeles an San Diego metro auries). It is maistly suburban except for some tradeetionally urban auries at the centres o the aulder ceeties o [[Anaheim]], [[Fullerton, Californie|Fullerton]], [[Huntington Beach]], [[Orange, Californie|Orange]], an [[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]]. Thare are several [[edge ceety]]-style developments such as Irvine Business Center, [[Newport Center]], an South Coast Metro.

The ceety o Santa Ana serves as the govrenmental centre o the coonty, or coonty seat, Anaheim as its main tourist destination, an [[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]] as its major business an financial hub. Aw o these three Orange Coonty ceeties hae populations exceedin 200,000.
Thirty-fower [[Incorporatit place|incorporatit]] ceeties are locatit in Orange Coonty; the newest is [[Aliso Viejo]], which wis incorporatit in 2001. Anaheim wis the first ceety incorporatit in Orange Coonty, in 1870 when the region wis still pairt o neebourin Los Angeles Coonty.

==Geografie==

===Incorporatit ceeties===
As o August 2006, Orange Coonty haes 34 incorporatit ceeties. The auldest is Anaheim (1870) an the newest is Aliso Viejo (2001).

{{multicol}}
*[[Aliso Viejo]], incorporatit in 2001
*[[Anaheim]], incorporatit in 1870
*[[Brea, Californie|Brea]], incorporatit in 1917
*[[Buena Park, Californie|Buena Park]], incorporatit in 1953
*[[Costa Mesa]], incorporatit in 1953
*[[Cypress, Californie|Cypress]], incorporatit in 1956
*[[Dana Point]], incorporatit in 1989
*[[Fountain Valley, Californie|Fountain Valley]], incorporatit in 1957
*[[Fullerton, Californie|Fullerton]], incorporatit in 1904
*[[Garden Grove, Californie|Garden Grove]], incorporatit in 1956
*[[Huntington Beach]], incorporatit in 1909
*[[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]], incorporatit in 1971
*[[La Habra]], incorporatit in 1925
*[[La Palma, Californie|La Palma]], incorporatit in 1955
*[[Laguna Beach]], incorporatit in 1927
*[[Laguna Hills]], incorporatit in 1991
*[[Laguna Niguel]], incorporatit in 1989
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Laguna Woods]], incorporatit in 1999
*[[Lake Forest, Californie|Lake Forest]], incorporatit in 1991
*[[Los Alamitos, Californie|Los Alamitos]], incorporatit in 1960
*[[Mission Viejo, Californie|Mission Viejo]], incorporatit in 1988
*[[Newport Beach]], incorporatit in 1906
*[[Orange, Californie|Orange]], incorporatit in 1888
*[[Placentia, Californie|Placentia]], incorporatit in 1926
*[[Rancho Santa Margarita, Californie|Rancho Santa Margarita]], incorporatit in 2000
*[[San Clemente, Californie|San Clemente]], incorporatit in 1928
*[[San Juan Capistrano]], incorporatit in 1961
*[[Santa Ana, Californie|Santa Ana]], incorporatit in 1886
*[[Seal Beach]], incorporatit in 1915
*[[Stanton, Californie|Stanton]], incorporatit in 1956
*[[Tustin, Californie|Tustin]], incorporatit in 1927
*[[Villa Park, Californie|Villa Park]], incorporatit in 1962
*[[Westminster, Californie|Westminster]], incorporatit in 1957
*[[Yorba Linda]], incorporatit in 1967
{{multicol-end}}

===Unincorporatit commonties===
{{See also|Leet o neebourheids an unincorporatit commonties in Orange Coonty}}

These commonties are ootside o ceety limits in [[unincorporatit aurie|unincorporatit]] coonty territory:
{{Div col}}
*[[Coto de Caza, Californie|Coto de Caza]]
* Cowan Heights
*Emerald Bay
*[[Ladera Ranch, Californie|Ladera Ranch]]
*[[Las Flores, Californie|Las Flores]]
* Lemon Heights
*[[Midway City, Californie|Midway City]]
*[[Modjeska Canyon, Californie|Modjeska Canyon]]
*[[North Tustin, Californie|North Tustin]]
*[[Orange Park Acres, Californie|Orange Park Acres]]
*[[Rancho Mission Viejo]]
*Red Hill
*[[Rossmoor, Californie|Rossmoor]]
*[[Silverado, Californie|Silverado]]
*[[Trabuco Canyon, Californie|Trabuco Canyon]]
{{Div col end}}

===Planned commonties===
Orange Coonty haes a history o lairge [[Planned commonty|planned commonties]]. Nearly 30% o the coonty wis creatit as master planned commonties, the maist notable bein the [[Irvine, Californie|City of Irvine]], [[Coto de Caza]], [[Anaheim Hills]], [[Tustin Ranch]], [[Tustin Legacy]], [[Ladera Ranch]], [[Talega]], [[Rancho Santa Margarita, Californie|Rancho Santa Margarita]], an [[Mission Viejo]]. [[Irvine, Californie|Irvine]] is aften referred tae as a model maister-planned ceety, for its veelages o Woodbridge, Northwood, University Park, an Turtle Rock that wur laid oot bi the [[Irvine Company]] o the mid-1960s afore it wis bocht by a group o investors that includit [[Donald Bren]].

===Adjacent coonties===
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Orange Coonty
|North     = [[Los Angeles Coonty]]
|Northeast = [[San Bernardino Coonty]]
|East      = [[Riverside Coonty]]
|Southeast = [[San Diego Coonty]]
|South     = [[Paceefic Ocean]]
|Southwest = [[Paceefic Ocean]]
|West      = [[Paceefic Ocean]]
|Northwest = [[Los Angeles Coonty]]
}}

===Naitional protectit auries===
* [[Cleveland National Forest]] (pairt)
* [[Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.oc.ca.gov/ County of Orange] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815165300/http://oc.ca.gov/ |date=2013-08-15 }}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*[http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/29/us/20100830_ORANGE.html Orange County’s Changing Politics] – slideshow by ''[[The New York Times]]''
*[http://www.uscounties.org/cffiles_web/counties/county.cfm?id=6059 Orange County, California] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308051837/http://www.uscounties.org/cffiles_web/counties/county.cfm?id=6059 |date=2012-03-08 }} on [http://www.naco.org National Association Of Counties]
*[http://www.imdb.com/search/text?realm=title&amp;field=locations&amp;q=orange+county Filming Locations in Orange County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727064330/http://www.imdb.com/search/text?realm=title&amp;field=locations&amp;q=orange+county |date=2013-07-27 }}


[[Category:Orange Coonty, Californie| ]]
[[Category:Californie coonties]]
[[Category:Govrenment units that hae filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1889‎]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andhra Pradesh</title>
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      <text bytes="5621" sha1="claxrq1y87psshoppxugsmqinj60x6h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox state
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name = Andhra Pradesh
|native_name = ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్
|nickname = Rice Bowl o Indie
| type = [[States an territories o Indie|State]]
| image_skyline =Andhra_Pradesh_montage.PNG
| image_alt =
| image_caption =Clockwise frae top left: [[Charminar]], [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple|Tirupathi]], [[Prakasam Barrage]], [[Lepakshi]] [[Nandi (bull)]], Kirti Torana o [[Warangal|Warangal Fort]]
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_map = India Seemandhra locator map.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location o Andhra Pradesh in [[Indie]]
| image_map1 =Andhra_Pradesh_locator_map_(1956-2014).svg
| map_caption1 = Map o Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates  = {{coord|16.5|80.6|region:IN-AP_type:adm1st|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint = Hyderabad
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Kintra
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indie}}
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1956|11|1}}
| parts_type = [[Leet o Indie destricts|Destricts]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Leet o destricts o Andhra Pradesh|13]]
| seat_type = Caipital
| seat = [[Hyderabad]]
| seat1_type = Lairgest ceety
| seat1 = [[Visakhapatnam]]
| government_footnotes =
| governing_body = [[Govrenment o Indie]], [[Govrenment o Andhra Pradesh]]
| leader_title = [[Govrenors o Andhra Pradesh|Govrenor]]
| leader_name = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
| leader_title1 = [[Chief Meenisters of Andhra Pradesh|Chief&amp;nbsp;Meenister]]
| leader_name1 = [[N. Chandrabadu Naidu]]
| leader_title2 = [[Legislatur o Andhra Pradesh|Legislatur]]
| leader_name2 = [[Bicameral]] (175 + 56 seats)
| leader_title3 = [[Deputy Chief Meenister]]
| leader_name3 = 
| leader_title4 = [[Heich Courts o Indie|Heich Court]]
| leader_name4 = [[Andhra Pradesh Heich Court]]
| unit_pref = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|†}}
| area_total_km2 = 160205
| area_note =
| area_rank = [[Leet o states an territories o Indie bi aurie|8t]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;GOI_2001&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = census of india|url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/|work = [[Census of India 2001]]|publisher = [[Govrenment o Indie]]|date = 27 May 2002|accessdate = 14 April 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070403123745/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/|archivedate = 2007-04-03|deadurl = no|url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total = 49,665,533
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 10t
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AP]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.473 (&lt;span style=&quot;color:#fc0&quot;&gt;low&lt;/span&gt;)
| blank1_name_sec1 = HDI rank
| blank1_info_sec1 = 15t (2011)
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Leeteracy in Indie|Leeteracy]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 67.77% (2011)
| blank1_name_sec2 = Offeecial State leid
| blank1_info_sec2  =[[Telugu leid|Telugu]]
| area_code_type = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| area_code = AP
| registration_plate = AP
| website = [http://www.ap.gov.in ap.gov.in]&lt;!--
--&gt;{{Infobox region symbols
| embedded=yes
| region = Andhra Pradesh
| country = India
| emblem   = [[Poorna kumbham]] (పూర్ణకుంభం)
| language = [[Telugu leid|Telugu]] (తెలుగు)
| song     = [[Maa telugu thalliki|Maa Telugu Thalliki]] (మా తెలుగు తల్లికి మల్లె పూదండ)&lt;br&gt;by [[Sri Sankarambadi Sundaraachari]]
| dance    = [[Kuchipudi]] (''కూచిపూడి'')
| animal =[[Blackbuck|Black Buck]] (''కృష్ణ జింక'')
| bird = [[Indie Roller]] (''పాల పిట్ట'')
| flower = [[Nymphaeaceae|Watter lily]] (''కలువ పువ్వు'')
| tree = [[Neem]] (''వేప'')
| sport    =[[Kabaddi]] (''చెడుగుడు'')
}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Andhra Pradesh''' ({{IPAc-en|,|ah|n|d|r|@|_|p|r|@|'|d|E|sh}}; {{lang-te|ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్}}), abbreviatit '''A.P.''', is ane o the 29 [[States an territories o Indie|states]] o [[Indie]], situatit on the kintra's sootheastren coast. It is Indie's [[Leet o states an territories o Indie bi aurie|aicht lairgest state bi aurie]] an [[Leet o states an union territories o Indie bi population|tent lairgest bi population]]. 

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Andhra_Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh}}
* [http://std-codes.in/stdcodes-of-Andhra-Pradesh.html STD Codes o Andhra Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319221458/http://www.std-codes.in/stdcodes-of-Andhra-Pradesh.html |date=2015-03-19 }}

; Govrenment
* [http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/index.asp Andhra Pradesh Govrenment Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615041318/http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/index.asp |date=2014-06-15 }}
* [http://www.aptourism.in/ Depairtment o Tourism, Govrenment o Andhra Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512192155/http://aptourism.in/ |date=2011-05-12 }}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Andhra Pradesh
|North = [[Telangana]]
|Northwast = [[Telangana]]
|Northeast = [[Odisha]]
|East = [[Bay o Bengal]]
|Sootheast = [[Bay o Bengal]]
|Sooth = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|Soothwast = [[Karnataka]]
|Wast = [[Karnataka]]
|Northeast = [[Chhattisgarh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Odisha]]
}}

{{States an territories o Indie}}

[[Category:Andhra Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1956]]
[[Category:Urdu-speakin kintras an territories]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5388" sha1="a4nrjg0kiafbe4g9n2192l4o1sdh0rn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox state
| name = Andhra Pradesh
|native_name = ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్
|nickname = Rice Bowl o Indie
| type = [[States an territories o Indie|State]]
| image_skyline =Andhra_Pradesh_montage.PNG
| image_caption =Clockwise frae top left: [[Charminar]], [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple|Tirupathi]], [[Prakasam Barrage]], [[Lepakshi]] [[Nandi (bull)]], Kirti Torana o [[Warangal|Warangal Fort]]
| image_map = India Seemandhra locator map.svg
| map_caption = Location o Andhra Pradesh in [[Indie]]
| image_map1 =Andhra_Pradesh_locator_map_(1956-2014).svg
| map_caption1 = Map o Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates  = {{coord|16.5|80.6|region:IN-AP_type:adm1st|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint = Hyderabad
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Kintra
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indie}}
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1956|11|1}}
| parts_type = [[Leet o Indie destricts|Destricts]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Leet o destricts o Andhra Pradesh|13]]
| seat_type = Caipital
| seat = [[Hyderabad]]
| seat1_type = Lairgest ceety
| seat1 = [[Visakhapatnam]]
| governing_body = [[Govrenment o Indie]], [[Govrenment o Andhra Pradesh]]
| leader_title = [[Govrenors o Andhra Pradesh|Govrenor]]
| leader_name = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
| leader_title1 = [[Chief Meenisters of Andhra Pradesh|Chief&amp;nbsp;Meenister]]
| leader_name1 = [[N. Chandrabadu Naidu]]
| leader_title2 = [[Legislatur o Andhra Pradesh|Legislatur]]
| leader_name2 = [[Bicameral]] (175 + 56 seats)
| leader_title3 = [[Deputy Chief Meenister]]
| leader_name3 = 
| leader_title4 = [[Heich Courts o Indie|Heich Court]]
| leader_name4 = [[Andhra Pradesh Heich Court]]
| unit_pref = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|†}}
| area_total_km2 = 160205
| area_rank = [[Leet o states an territories o Indie bi aurie|8t]]
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;GOI_2001&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = census of india|url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/|work = [[Census of India 2001]]|publisher = [[Govrenment o Indie]]|date = 27 May 2002|accessdate = 14 April 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070403123745/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/|archivedate = 2007-04-03|deadurl = no|url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total = 49,665,533
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 10t
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AP]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.473 (&lt;span style=&quot;color:#fc0&quot;&gt;low&lt;/span&gt;)
| blank1_name_sec1 = HDI rank
| blank1_info_sec1 = 15t (2011)
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Leeteracy in Indie|Leeteracy]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 67.77% (2011)
| blank1_name_sec2 = Offeecial State leid
| blank1_info_sec2  =[[Telugu leid|Telugu]]
| area_code_type = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| area_code = AP
| registration_plate = AP
| website = [http://www.ap.gov.in ap.gov.in]&lt;!--
--&gt;{{Infobox region symbols
| embedded=yes
| region = Andhra Pradesh
| country = India
| emblem   = [[Poorna kumbham]] (పూర్ణకుంభం)
| language = [[Telugu leid|Telugu]] (తెలుగు)
| song     = [[Maa telugu thalliki|Maa Telugu Thalliki]] (మా తెలుగు తల్లికి మల్లె పూదండ)&lt;br&gt;by [[Sri Sankarambadi Sundaraachari]]
| dance    = [[Kuchipudi]] (''కూచిపూడి'')
| animal =[[Blackbuck|Black Buck]] (''కృష్ణ జింక'')
| bird = [[Indie Roller]] (''పాల పిట్ట'')
| flower = [[Nymphaeaceae|Watter lily]] (''కలువ పువ్వు'')
| tree = [[Neem]] (''వేప'')
| sport    =[[Kabaddi]] (''చెడుగుడు'')
}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Andhra Pradesh''' ({{IPAc-en|,|ah|n|d|r|@|_|p|r|@|'|d|E|sh}}; {{lang-te|ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్}}), abbreviatit '''A.P.''', is ane o the 29 [[States an territories o Indie|states]] o [[Indie]], situatit on the kintra's sootheastren coast. It is Indie's [[Leet o states an territories o Indie bi aurie|aicht lairgest state bi aurie]] an [[Leet o states an union territories o Indie bi population|tent lairgest bi population]]. 

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Andhra_Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh}}
* [http://std-codes.in/stdcodes-of-Andhra-Pradesh.html STD Codes o Andhra Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319221458/http://www.std-codes.in/stdcodes-of-Andhra-Pradesh.html |date=2015-03-19 }}

; Govrenment
* [http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/index.asp Andhra Pradesh Govrenment Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615041318/http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/index.asp |date=2014-06-15 }}
* [http://www.aptourism.in/ Depairtment o Tourism, Govrenment o Andhra Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512192155/http://aptourism.in/ |date=2011-05-12 }}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Andhra Pradesh
|North = [[Telangana]]
|Northwast = [[Telangana]]
|Northeast = [[Odisha]]
|East = [[Bay o Bengal]]
|Sootheast = [[Bay o Bengal]]
|Sooth = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|Soothwast = [[Karnataka]]
|Wast = [[Karnataka]]
|Northeast = [[Chhattisgarh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Odisha]]
}}

{{States an territories o Indie}}

[[Category:Andhra Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1956]]
[[Category:Urdu-speakin kintras an territories]]</text>
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| image   = File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg
| width   = 
| caption = John Swinney
| title   = 
| link    = 
| border  = 
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*&lt;!--May 26--&gt; [[Pope Leo XIV]] issues his first encyclical, '''''Magnifica Humanitas''''', which expresses concerns aboot [[artifeecial intelligence]].
*&lt;!--May 20--&gt; [[John Swinney]] (richt) fae the [[SNP]] is re-electit as first meenister o Scotland
*&lt;!--Jul 24--&gt;[[Fraunce]] will recognise [[Palestine|Palestinian]] statehuid.

{{In the news/footer
|nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}}
|currentevents =
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&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{active editnotice}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Etawah destrict</title>
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      <text bytes="3236" sha1="2va002o05juu9ixipmi8aqj8kl1fnyt" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the destrict|its eponymous heidquairters|Etawah}}
{{India Districts
|Name = Etawah
|Local = इटावा&lt;br /&gt; اٹاوا ضلع 
|State = Uttar Pradesh
|Division = [[Kanpur diveesion|Kanpur]]
|HQ = Etawah
|Map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Etawah.svg
|Area = 2434
|Rain = 792
|Population = 1,338,871
|Urban = 
|Year = 2001
|Density = 
|Literacy = 
|SexRatio = 
|Tehsils =   
|LokSabha = [[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]]
|Assembly =  
|Highways = [[Naitional Heich-gate 2 (Indie)|NH 2]]
|Website = http://etawah.nic.in/
}}
'''Etawah''' is a [[Destricts o Uttar Pradesh|destrict]] in the wastren portion o [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[States an territories o Indie|state]] of [[Indie]]. [[Etawah]] toun is the destrict heidquairters. The destrict covers a aurie o 2311&amp;nbsp;km². It haes a population o 1.338.871 (2001 Census).

==Demographics==
Accordin tae the [[2011 census o Indie|2011 census]] Etawah destrict haes a [[Demografics o Indie|population]] o 1,575,247,&lt;ref name=districtcensus&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon
1,576,665 | archive-date = 2011-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state o [[Idaho]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30|quote=Idaho
1,567,582|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619lRoKht?url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a rankin o 316t in Indie (oot o a total o [[Destricts o Indie|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The destrict haes a population densitie o {{convert|	157	|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Its population growthe rate ower the decade 2001-2011 wis 12.91%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;	Etawah haes a [[sex ratio]] o 970 [[Weemen in Indie|females]] for ivery 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; an a [[Leeteracy in Indie|leeteracy rate]] o 70.14%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Freemit airtins==
* {{official website|http://etawah.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Etawah destrict
|North     = [[Mainpuri destrict]]
|Northeast = [[Kannauj destrict]]
|East      = [[Auraiya destrict]]
|Southeast = [[Jalaun destrict]]
|South     = 
|Southwest = [[Bhind destrict]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|West      = [[Agra destrict]]
|Northwest = [[Firozabad destrict]],
[[Dhaulpur destrict]], [[Rajasthan]]
}}

{{Etawah destrict}}
{{Destricts o Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord|26|47|24|N|79|01|12|E|region:IN-UP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Destricts o Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Etawah destrict]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3162" sha1="7pmyg2rr7c81fro9wvnyasv2zaw0k80" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the destrict|its eponymous heidquairters|Etawah}}
{{India Districts
|Name = Etawah
|Local = इटावा&lt;br /&gt; اٹاوا ضلع 
|State = Uttar Pradesh
|Division = [[Kanpur diveesion|Kanpur]]
|HQ = Etawah
|Map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Etawah.svg
|Area = 2434
|Rain = 792
|Population = 1,338,871
|Year = 2001  
|LokSabha = [[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]]
|Highways = [[Naitional Heich-gate 2 (Indie)|NH 2]]
|Website = http://etawah.nic.in/
}}
'''Etawah''' is a [[Destricts o Uttar Pradesh|destrict]] in the wastren portion o [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[States an territories o Indie|state]] of [[Indie]]. [[Etawah]] toun is the destrict heidquairters. The destrict covers a aurie o 2311&amp;nbsp;km². It haes a population o 1.338.871 (2001 Census).

==Demographics==
Accordin tae the [[2011 census o Indie|2011 census]] Etawah destrict haes a [[Demografics o Indie|population]] o 1,575,247,&lt;ref name=districtcensus&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon
1,576,665 | archive-date = 2011-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state o [[Idaho]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30|quote=Idaho
1,567,582|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619lRoKht?url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a rankin o 316t in Indie (oot o a total o [[Destricts o Indie|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The destrict haes a population densitie o {{convert|	157	|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Its population growthe rate ower the decade 2001-2011 wis 12.91%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;	Etawah haes a [[sex ratio]] o 970 [[Weemen in Indie|females]] for ivery 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; an a [[Leeteracy in Indie|leeteracy rate]] o 70.14%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Freemit airtins==
* {{official website|http://etawah.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Etawah destrict
|North     = [[Mainpuri destrict]]
|Northeast = [[Kannauj destrict]]
|East      = [[Auraiya destrict]]
|Southeast = [[Jalaun destrict]]
|South     = 
|Southwest = [[Bhind destrict]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|West      = [[Agra destrict]]
|Northwest = [[Firozabad destrict]],
[[Dhaulpur destrict]], [[Rajasthan]]
}}

{{Etawah destrict}}
{{Destricts o Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord|26|47|24|N|79|01|12|E|region:IN-UP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Destricts o Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Etawah destrict]]</text>
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    <title>Agra destrict</title>
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      <text bytes="5798" sha1="13ay9v7pnkjefb5919yeacr0ywtjcxh" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Agra}}
{{India Districts
|Name = Agra
|Local = आगरा ज़िला &lt;br&gt; آگرہ ضلع
|State = Uttar Pradesh
|Division = [[Agra diveesion|Agra]]
|HQ = Agra
|District Court = Agra 
|Map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Agra.svg
|Area = 4,027
|Rain = 
|Population =  4,380,793&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; 
|Urban = 
|Year = 2011
|Density = 
|Literacy =  69.44%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; 
|SexRatio = 
|Tehsils = 6
|LokSabha =  [[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]], [[Fatehpur Sikri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur Sikri]]
|Assembly =  9
|Highways =[[Naitional Heich-gate 2 (Indie)|NH 2]]
|Website = http://agra.nic.in/
}}

'''Agra destrict''' ({{lang-hi|आगरा ज़िला}}, {{lang-ur|آگرہ ضلع}}) is ane o the 75 [[Destricts o Uttar Pradesh|destricts]] o [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[States an territories o Indie|state]] o [[Indie]], an the historical ceety o [[Agra]] is the destrict heidquairters. Agra destrict is a pairt o [[Agra diveesion]].

==Geografie==
Agra destrict is boondit bi [[Mathura destrict]] on the north, [[Dholpur destrict]] o [[Rajasthan]] state on the sooth, [[Firozabad destrict]] on the east an [[Bharatpur destrict]] o [[Rajasthan]] state on the wast. Aurie o the destrict is 4027&amp;nbsp;km².

==Diveesions==
Agra destrict comprises 6 [[tehsil]]s. The tehsils are [[Etmadpur]], [[Agra]], [[Kiraoli]], [[Kheragarh]], [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]] and [[Bah]]. The heidquairters o the destrict is [[Agra]] ceety. The destrict consists o 15 [[Block (kintra subdiveesion)|blocks]], namely [[Etmadpur]], [[Khandauli]], [[Shamshabad]], [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]], [[Jagner]], [[Kheragarh]], [[Saiyan, Agra|Saiyan]], [[Achanera]], [[Akola]], [[Bichpuri]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Barauli Ahir]], [[Bah]], [[Pinahat]] an [[Jaitpur Kalan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ag&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agra.nic.in/admn.htm|title=General Administration|publisher=''Agra district'' Official website|access-date=2013-11-07|archive-date=2011-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029072935/http://agra.nic.in/admn.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The diveesion comprises 3 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies namely [[Jalesar]], [[Firozabad]] an [[Agra]]. Thare are 9 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in the destrict. They are [[Bah]], [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]], [[Etmadpur]], [[Dayal Bagh]], [[Agra Cantonment]], [[Agra East]], [[Agra West]], [[Kheragarh]] an [[Fatehpur Sikri]].

==Demographics==
Accordin tae the [[2011 census o Indie|2011 census]] Agra destrict haes a [[Demografics o Indie|population]] o 4,380,793,&lt;ref name=districtcensus&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal tae the naition of [[Moldovae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Moldova
4,314,377
July 2011 est. | archive-date = 2011-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |date=2011-09-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state o [[Kentucky]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30|quote=Kentucky
4,339,367|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619lRoKht?url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a rankin o 41st in Indie (oot o a total o [[Destricts o Indie|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The destrict haes a population density o {{convert|1084|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Its population growthe rate ower the decade 2001-2011 wis 21%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;	Agra haes a [[sex ratio]] o 859 [[Weemen in Indie|females]] for ivery 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; an a [[Leeteracy in Indie|leeteracy rate]] o 69.44%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;

==Leids==
Leids spoken include [[Braj Bhasha]], Braj Bhasha is mainly a landwart tongue currently, predominant in the nebulous [[Braj]] region centred aroond [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] &amp; [[Agra]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] an [[Dholpur]] &amp; [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] in [[Rajasthan]] . It is the predominant leid in the central stretch o the Ganges-Yamuna [[Doab]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://agra.nic.in Offeecial Agra destrict wabsteid]
*[http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/uttar-pradesh/agra.htm Pin Codes for Agra destrict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906184322/http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/uttar-pradesh/agra.htm |date=2008-09-06 }}
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttarpradesh/districts/agra.htm Map for Agra destrict]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Agra destrict
|North     = [[Hathras destrict]]
|Northeast = [[Etah destrict]] &lt;br&gt; [[Firozabad destrict]]
|East      = [[Etawah destrict]]
|Southeast = [[Bhind destrict]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] 
|South     = [[Morena destrict]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|Southwest = [[Dhaulpur destrict]], [[Rajasthan]]
|West      = [[Bharatpur destrict]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northwest = [[Mathura destrict]]
}}

{{Agra destrict}}
{{Destricts o Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord|27|05|N|77|58|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agra Destrict}}
[[Category:Destricts o Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Agra destrict| Agra destrict]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5754" sha1="7jl3c9v9qh3bto0d4kbrksf37fpdibd" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Agra}}
{{India Districts
|Name = Agra
|Local = आगरा ज़िला &lt;br&gt; آگرہ ضلع
|State = Uttar Pradesh
|Division = [[Agra diveesion|Agra]]
|HQ = Agra
|District Court = Agra 
|Map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Agra.svg
|Area = 4,027
|Population =  4,380,793&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; 
|Year = 2011
|Literacy =  69.44%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; 
|Tehsils = 6
|LokSabha =  [[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]], [[Fatehpur Sikri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur Sikri]]
|Assembly =  9
|Highways =[[Naitional Heich-gate 2 (Indie)|NH 2]]
|Website = http://agra.nic.in/
}}

'''Agra destrict''' ({{lang-hi|आगरा ज़िला}}, {{lang-ur|آگرہ ضلع}}) is ane o the 75 [[Destricts o Uttar Pradesh|destricts]] o [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[States an territories o Indie|state]] o [[Indie]], an the historical ceety o [[Agra]] is the destrict heidquairters. Agra destrict is a pairt o [[Agra diveesion]].

==Geografie==
Agra destrict is boondit bi [[Mathura destrict]] on the north, [[Dholpur destrict]] o [[Rajasthan]] state on the sooth, [[Firozabad destrict]] on the east an [[Bharatpur destrict]] o [[Rajasthan]] state on the wast. Aurie o the destrict is 4027&amp;nbsp;km².

==Diveesions==
Agra destrict comprises 6 [[tehsil]]s. The tehsils are [[Etmadpur]], [[Agra]], [[Kiraoli]], [[Kheragarh]], [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]] and [[Bah]]. The heidquairters o the destrict is [[Agra]] ceety. The destrict consists o 15 [[Block (kintra subdiveesion)|blocks]], namely [[Etmadpur]], [[Khandauli]], [[Shamshabad]], [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]], [[Jagner]], [[Kheragarh]], [[Saiyan, Agra|Saiyan]], [[Achanera]], [[Akola]], [[Bichpuri]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Barauli Ahir]], [[Bah]], [[Pinahat]] an [[Jaitpur Kalan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ag&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agra.nic.in/admn.htm|title=General Administration|publisher=''Agra district'' Official website|access-date=2013-11-07|archive-date=2011-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029072935/http://agra.nic.in/admn.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The diveesion comprises 3 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies namely [[Jalesar]], [[Firozabad]] an [[Agra]]. Thare are 9 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in the destrict. They are [[Bah]], [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]], [[Etmadpur]], [[Dayal Bagh]], [[Agra Cantonment]], [[Agra East]], [[Agra West]], [[Kheragarh]] an [[Fatehpur Sikri]].

==Demographics==
Accordin tae the [[2011 census o Indie|2011 census]] Agra destrict haes a [[Demografics o Indie|population]] o 4,380,793,&lt;ref name=districtcensus&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal tae the naition of [[Moldovae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Moldova
4,314,377
July 2011 est. | archive-date = 2011-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |date=2011-09-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state o [[Kentucky]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30|quote=Kentucky
4,339,367|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619lRoKht?url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a rankin o 41st in Indie (oot o a total o [[Destricts o Indie|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The destrict haes a population density o {{convert|1084|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Its population growthe rate ower the decade 2001-2011 wis 21%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;	Agra haes a [[sex ratio]] o 859 [[Weemen in Indie|females]] for ivery 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; an a [[Leeteracy in Indie|leeteracy rate]] o 69.44%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;

==Leids==
Leids spoken include [[Braj Bhasha]], Braj Bhasha is mainly a landwart tongue currently, predominant in the nebulous [[Braj]] region centred aroond [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] &amp; [[Agra]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] an [[Dholpur]] &amp; [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] in [[Rajasthan]] . It is the predominant leid in the central stretch o the Ganges-Yamuna [[Doab]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://agra.nic.in Offeecial Agra destrict wabsteid]
*[http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/uttar-pradesh/agra.htm Pin Codes for Agra destrict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906184322/http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/uttar-pradesh/agra.htm |date=2008-09-06 }}
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttarpradesh/districts/agra.htm Map for Agra destrict]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Agra destrict
|North     = [[Hathras destrict]]
|Northeast = [[Etah destrict]] &lt;br&gt; [[Firozabad destrict]]
|East      = [[Etawah destrict]]
|Southeast = [[Bhind destrict]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] 
|South     = [[Morena destrict]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|Southwest = [[Dhaulpur destrict]], [[Rajasthan]]
|West      = [[Bharatpur destrict]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northwest = [[Mathura destrict]]
}}

{{Agra destrict}}
{{Destricts o Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord|27|05|N|77|58|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agra Destrict}}
[[Category:Destricts o Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Agra destrict| Agra destrict]]</text>
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    <title>Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</title>
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      <comment>added [[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4456" sha1="2v5c5kxm3l52pasglfyhkw5v96r7jcj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Maulana Azad College alumni]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Bangladeshi politeecians]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Independence Day Awaird (Bangladesh)]]
[[Category:Tortur in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921588</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:50:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Maulana Azad College alumni]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4415" sha1="87f55rgm03ppphbh3w5gr8jbct5gcu6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Bangladeshi politeecians]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Independence Day Awaird (Bangladesh)]]
[[Category:Tortur in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921589</id>
      <parentid>921588</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Assassinatit Bangladeshi politeecians]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921589</origin>
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      <text bytes="4364" sha1="8ffda0mzctdesohd6mft618hp38626v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Independence Day Awaird (Bangladesh)]]
[[Category:Tortur in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipients o the Independence Day Awaird (Bangladesh)]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4297" sha1="fr3py71g5z3doty47wn677ejl7h9mvi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Tortur in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Tortur in Bangladesh]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921592</origin>
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      <text bytes="4263" sha1="hdyxglc52iz23be2ck3xwqz94nzf4or" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
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|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Fowk murthert in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>hdyxglc52iz23be2ck3xwqz94nzf4or</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921593</id>
      <parentid>921592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Fowk murthert in Bangladesh]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4222" sha1="h7zkcax75qfb32vxtufqqljpntsc15f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>h7zkcax75qfb32vxtufqqljpntsc15f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921594</id>
      <parentid>921593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:52:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4172" sha1="mgt0d14hr71vw3t69pxzo0phn95tdxe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>mgt0d14hr71vw3t69pxzo0phn95tdxe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921595</id>
      <parentid>921594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:52:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Bangladesh Leeberation War]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4132" sha1="ezrp5mlb70wp5koscuhfbqf9ageozgs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|*]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>ezrp5mlb70wp5koscuhfbqf9ageozgs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921597</id>
      <parentid>921595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:53:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4095" sha1="ks6xuoj3fhsnp60bgz829zwk3qggund" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''[[Romanisation o Bengali|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]]''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a [[Bengali fowk|Bengali]] [[politeecian]] an [[Public figur|statesman]] who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the [[Awami League]] an servit as the first [[Leet o Preses o Bangladesh|Preses o Bangladesh]], an later as [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister]]. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]].

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
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{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
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{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Assassinatit heids o state]]
[[Category:Pakistani politeecians]]
[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921612</id>
      <parentid>921597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive reid links</comment>
      <origin>921612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3925" sha1="i0n2wuzouphtl95h2t92nmz6xmo3o1c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''Shekh Mujibur Rôhman''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (Mairch 17, 1920&amp;nbsp;– August 15, 1975) wis a Bengali [[politeecian]] an statesman who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the Awami League an servit as the first Preses o Bangladesh, an later as Prime Meenister. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current Prime Meenister o Bangladesh.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
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{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
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[[Category:Varsity o Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3918" sha1="eb0cvz6cw8ne4rniiikoinhoxkh0w0s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|name           = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&lt;br&gt;শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান&lt;br&gt;شیخ مجیب الرحمن
|image          =Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg
|imagesize      = 250px
|caption      = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1950)
|office         = [[Leet o Presess of Bangladesh|1st]] [[Preses o Bangladesh]]
|primeminister  = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|term_start     = 11 Apryle 1971
|term_end       = 12 Januar 1972
|predecessor    = Position established
|successor      = [[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]] &lt;small&gt;(Acting)&lt;/small&gt;
|primeminister2 = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|term_start2    = 25 Januar 1975
|term_end2      = 15 August 1975
|predecessor2   = [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|successor2     = [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
|office3        = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh|2nt]] [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]
|president3     = [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mohammad Mohammadullah]]
|term_start3    = 12 Januar 1972
|term_end3      = 24 Januar 1975
|predecessor3   = [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
|successor3     = [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
|birth_date     = {{birth date|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|birth_place    = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]&lt;br/&gt;(nou in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date     = {{death date and age|1975|8|15|1920|3|17|df=y}}
|death_place    = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|party          = [[BAKSAL|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty     = [[All-India Muslim League]] &lt;small&gt;(Afore 1949)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] &lt;small&gt;(1949–1975)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater     = [[Maulana Azad College]]&lt;br&gt;[[Varsity o Dhaka]]
|religion       = [[Islam]]
|nationality    = [[Bangladesh]]i 
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান}} ''Shekh Mujibur Rôhman''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجيب الرحمن}}}}), (17 Mairch 1920 – 15 August 1975) wis a Bengali [[politeecian]] an statesman who wis the foondin leader o the [[Bangladesh|Fowkrepublic o Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 The founder of Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060257/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=150738 |date=2013-10-23 }}. Archive.thedailystar.net (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.&lt;/ref&gt; He heidit the Awami League an servit as the first Preses o Bangladesh, an later as Prime Meenister. He is popularly referred tae as '''Sheikh Mujib''' (shortened as '''Mujib''' or '''Mujibur''', no Rahman), wi the honorar title o '''Bangabandhu''' (বঙ্গবন্ধু ''Bôngobondhu'', &quot;''Friend o Bengal''&quot;), an widely revered in Bangladesh as the [[:en:List of national founders#Bangladesh|foondin faither o the naition]]. His eldest dochter, [[Sheikh Hasina]], is the present leader o the Awami League an the current Prime Meenister o Bangladesh.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1971–1972}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Nazrul Islam|Nazrul Islam]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Actin&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Tajuddin Ahmed]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1972–1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]}}
|-
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Preses o Bangladesh]]|years=1975}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

&lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1975 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Preses o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
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  <page>
    <title>Sheikh Hasina</title>
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      <parentid>897711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:50:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921585</origin>
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      <text bytes="4598" sha1="toiq3ymu2j6x9sndmggpoq5bafgyw9k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name         = Sheikh Hasina&lt;br&gt;{{small|শেখ হাসিনা}}
|image        = Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
|office       =[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh|10th]] [[Prime meenister]] of [[Bangladesh]]
|president    = [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zillur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Abdul Hamid (politeecian)|Abdul Hamid]]
|term_start   = 6 Januar 2009
|term_end     = 5 August 2024
|predecessor  = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor    = 
|president1   = [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]
|term_start1  = 23 Juin 1996
|term_end1    = 15 Julie 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor1   = [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2 = 10 October 2001
|term_end2 = 29 October 2006
|predecessor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|successor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|term_start3 = 20 Mairch 1991
|term_end3 =30 Mairch 1996 
|predecessor3 = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]]
|successor3= [[Khaleda Zia]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[East Bengal]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;(now in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]]
|otherparty   = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] {{small|(2008–present)}}
|spouse       = [[M. A. Wazed Miah|Wazed Miah]] {{small|(1968–2009)}}
|children     = [[Sajeeb Wazed]]&lt;br&gt;Saima Wazed
|alma_mater   = [[Eden Girls' College, Bangladesh|Eden Girls' College]]
}}
'''Sheikh Hasina''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|x|_|h|ə|ˈ|s|iː|n|ə}}, {{respell|SHAYKH|'}} {{respell|hə|SEE|nə}}; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician that wis the [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]] fae 2009 til 2024, as weel as fae 1996 til 2001. Hasina haes led the [[Bangladesh Awami League]] syne 1981. She is the auldest o five bairns o [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the foondin faither an first President of [[Bangladesh]], an widow o [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], a nuclear scientist. Hasina's pairty defeatit the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the [[Bangladeshi parliamentary election, 2008|2008 parliamentary election]], assurin her o the post o prime meenister.
Hasina's poleetical career haes spanned mair nor fower decades durin which she haes been baith Prime Meenister an opposition leader. As opposition leader, she wis the target o an assassination attempt in 2004. In 2007, she wis arrestit for corruption an chairged wi murther bi the militar-backit [[Caretaker govrenment o Bangladesh|Caretaker govrenment]] durin the [[2006-2008 Bangladeshi poleetical creesis]], whan the generals pit on a [[state o emergency]]. She returned as Prime Meenister efter a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance in 2008, whan they teuk twa-thirds o the seats in pairlament.

==References==
http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
* [http://www.albd.org/ Awami League offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919051441/http://www.albd.org/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm Banglapedia airticle on Sheikh Hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180714/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Actin}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Latifur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=2009–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasina, Sheikh}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi weemen in politics]]
[[Category:Female heids o govrenment]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Bangladeshi Sunni Muslims]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4559" sha1="g5z1pktfljvtv2whjpswuyzcifs1rq3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name         = Sheikh Hasina&lt;br&gt;{{small|শেখ হাসিনা}}
|image        = Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
|office       =[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh|10th]] [[Prime meenister]] of [[Bangladesh]]
|president    = [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zillur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Abdul Hamid (politeecian)|Abdul Hamid]]
|term_start   = 6 Januar 2009
|term_end     = 5 August 2024
|predecessor  = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor    = 
|president1   = [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]
|term_start1  = 23 Juin 1996
|term_end1    = 15 Julie 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor1   = [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2 = 10 October 2001
|term_end2 = 29 October 2006
|predecessor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|successor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|term_start3 = 20 Mairch 1991
|term_end3 =30 Mairch 1996 
|predecessor3 = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]]
|successor3= [[Khaleda Zia]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[East Bengal]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;(now in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]]
|otherparty   = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] {{small|(2008–present)}}
|spouse       = [[M. A. Wazed Miah|Wazed Miah]] {{small|(1968–2009)}}
|children     = [[Sajeeb Wazed]]&lt;br&gt;Saima Wazed
|alma_mater   = [[Eden Girls' College, Bangladesh|Eden Girls' College]]
}}
'''Sheikh Hasina''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|x|_|h|ə|ˈ|s|iː|n|ə}}, {{respell|SHAYKH|'}} {{respell|hə|SEE|nə}}; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician that wis the [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]] fae 2009 til 2024, as weel as fae 1996 til 2001. Hasina haes led the [[Bangladesh Awami League]] syne 1981. She is the auldest o five bairns o [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the foondin faither an first President of [[Bangladesh]], an widow o [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], a nuclear scientist. Hasina's pairty defeatit the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the [[Bangladeshi parliamentary election, 2008|2008 parliamentary election]], assurin her o the post o prime meenister.
Hasina's poleetical career haes spanned mair nor fower decades durin which she haes been baith Prime Meenister an opposition leader. As opposition leader, she wis the target o an assassination attempt in 2004. In 2007, she wis arrestit for corruption an chairged wi murther bi the militar-backit [[Caretaker govrenment o Bangladesh|Caretaker govrenment]] durin the [[2006-2008 Bangladeshi poleetical creesis]], whan the generals pit on a [[state o emergency]]. She returned as Prime Meenister efter a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance in 2008, whan they teuk twa-thirds o the seats in pairlament.

==References==
http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
* [http://www.albd.org/ Awami League offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919051441/http://www.albd.org/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm Banglapedia airticle on Sheikh Hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180714/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Actin}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Latifur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=2009–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasina, Sheikh}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi weemen in politics]]
[[Category:Female heids o govrenment]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize]]
[[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>g5z1pktfljvtv2whjpswuyzcifs1rq3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921587</id>
      <parentid>921586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:50:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921587</origin>
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      <text bytes="4524" sha1="tgk2omaqnrmer2nv4hrkh7348c53h92" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name         = Sheikh Hasina&lt;br&gt;{{small|শেখ হাসিনা}}
|image        = Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
|office       =[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh|10th]] [[Prime meenister]] of [[Bangladesh]]
|president    = [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zillur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Abdul Hamid (politeecian)|Abdul Hamid]]
|term_start   = 6 Januar 2009
|term_end     = 5 August 2024
|predecessor  = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor    = 
|president1   = [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]
|term_start1  = 23 Juin 1996
|term_end1    = 15 Julie 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor1   = [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2 = 10 October 2001
|term_end2 = 29 October 2006
|predecessor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|successor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|term_start3 = 20 Mairch 1991
|term_end3 =30 Mairch 1996 
|predecessor3 = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]]
|successor3= [[Khaleda Zia]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[East Bengal]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;(now in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]]
|otherparty   = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] {{small|(2008–present)}}
|spouse       = [[M. A. Wazed Miah|Wazed Miah]] {{small|(1968–2009)}}
|children     = [[Sajeeb Wazed]]&lt;br&gt;Saima Wazed
|alma_mater   = [[Eden Girls' College, Bangladesh|Eden Girls' College]]
}}
'''Sheikh Hasina''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|x|_|h|ə|ˈ|s|iː|n|ə}}, {{respell|SHAYKH|'}} {{respell|hə|SEE|nə}}; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician that wis the [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]] fae 2009 til 2024, as weel as fae 1996 til 2001. Hasina haes led the [[Bangladesh Awami League]] syne 1981. She is the auldest o five bairns o [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the foondin faither an first President of [[Bangladesh]], an widow o [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], a nuclear scientist. Hasina's pairty defeatit the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the [[Bangladeshi parliamentary election, 2008|2008 parliamentary election]], assurin her o the post o prime meenister.
Hasina's poleetical career haes spanned mair nor fower decades durin which she haes been baith Prime Meenister an opposition leader. As opposition leader, she wis the target o an assassination attempt in 2004. In 2007, she wis arrestit for corruption an chairged wi murther bi the militar-backit [[Caretaker govrenment o Bangladesh|Caretaker govrenment]] durin the [[2006-2008 Bangladeshi poleetical creesis]], whan the generals pit on a [[state o emergency]]. She returned as Prime Meenister efter a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance in 2008, whan they teuk twa-thirds o the seats in pairlament.

==References==
http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
* [http://www.albd.org/ Awami League offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919051441/http://www.albd.org/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm Banglapedia airticle on Sheikh Hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180714/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Actin}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Latifur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
|-
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=2009–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasina, Sheikh}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi weemen in politics]]
[[Category:Female heids o govrenment]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>tgk2omaqnrmer2nv4hrkh7348c53h92</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921600</id>
      <parentid>921587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:53:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Bangladeshi weemen in politics]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4480" sha1="te7teqlvhlj2qkdan91rvvjd1piaek4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name         = Sheikh Hasina&lt;br&gt;{{small|শেখ হাসিনা}}
|image        = Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
|office       =[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh|10th]] [[Prime meenister]] of [[Bangladesh]]
|president    = [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zillur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Abdul Hamid (politeecian)|Abdul Hamid]]
|term_start   = 6 Januar 2009
|term_end     = 5 August 2024
|predecessor  = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor    = 
|president1   = [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]
|term_start1  = 23 Juin 1996
|term_end1    = 15 Julie 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor1   = [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2 = 10 October 2001
|term_end2 = 29 October 2006
|predecessor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|successor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|term_start3 = 20 Mairch 1991
|term_end3 =30 Mairch 1996 
|predecessor3 = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]]
|successor3= [[Khaleda Zia]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[East Bengal]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;(now in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]]
|otherparty   = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] {{small|(2008–present)}}
|spouse       = [[M. A. Wazed Miah|Wazed Miah]] {{small|(1968–2009)}}
|children     = [[Sajeeb Wazed]]&lt;br&gt;Saima Wazed
|alma_mater   = [[Eden Girls' College, Bangladesh|Eden Girls' College]]
}}
'''Sheikh Hasina''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|x|_|h|ə|ˈ|s|iː|n|ə}}, {{respell|SHAYKH|'}} {{respell|hə|SEE|nə}}; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician that wis the [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]] fae 2009 til 2024, as weel as fae 1996 til 2001. Hasina haes led the [[Bangladesh Awami League]] syne 1981. She is the auldest o five bairns o [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the foondin faither an first President of [[Bangladesh]], an widow o [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], a nuclear scientist. Hasina's pairty defeatit the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the [[Bangladeshi parliamentary election, 2008|2008 parliamentary election]], assurin her o the post o prime meenister.
Hasina's poleetical career haes spanned mair nor fower decades durin which she haes been baith Prime Meenister an opposition leader. As opposition leader, she wis the target o an assassination attempt in 2004. In 2007, she wis arrestit for corruption an chairged wi murther bi the militar-backit [[Caretaker govrenment o Bangladesh|Caretaker govrenment]] durin the [[2006-2008 Bangladeshi poleetical creesis]], whan the generals pit on a [[state o emergency]]. She returned as Prime Meenister efter a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance in 2008, whan they teuk twa-thirds o the seats in pairlament.

==References==
http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
* [http://www.albd.org/ Awami League offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919051441/http://www.albd.org/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm Banglapedia airticle on Sheikh Hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180714/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Actin}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Latifur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
|-
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=2009–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasina, Sheikh}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]]
[[Category:Female heids o govrenment]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>te7teqlvhlj2qkdan91rvvjd1piaek4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921601</id>
      <parentid>921600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:53:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Bangladesh Awami League politeecians]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4430" sha1="e2ab9uf57s1dev5x3ld3r74j0jrmaz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name         = Sheikh Hasina&lt;br&gt;{{small|শেখ হাসিনা}}
|image        = Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
|office       =[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh|10th]] [[Prime meenister]] of [[Bangladesh]]
|president    = [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zillur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Abdul Hamid (politeecian)|Abdul Hamid]]
|term_start   = 6 Januar 2009
|term_end     = 5 August 2024
|predecessor  = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor    = 
|president1   = [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]
|term_start1  = 23 Juin 1996
|term_end1    = 15 Julie 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor1   = [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2 = 10 October 2001
|term_end2 = 29 October 2006
|predecessor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|successor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|term_start3 = 20 Mairch 1991
|term_end3 =30 Mairch 1996 
|predecessor3 = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]]
|successor3= [[Khaleda Zia]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[East Bengal]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;(now in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]]
|otherparty   = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] {{small|(2008–present)}}
|spouse       = [[M. A. Wazed Miah|Wazed Miah]] {{small|(1968–2009)}}
|children     = [[Sajeeb Wazed]]&lt;br&gt;Saima Wazed
|alma_mater   = [[Eden Girls' College, Bangladesh|Eden Girls' College]]
}}
'''Sheikh Hasina''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|x|_|h|ə|ˈ|s|iː|n|ə}}, {{respell|SHAYKH|'}} {{respell|hə|SEE|nə}}; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician that wis the [[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]] fae 2009 til 2024, as weel as fae 1996 til 2001. Hasina haes led the [[Bangladesh Awami League]] syne 1981. She is the auldest o five bairns o [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the foondin faither an first President of [[Bangladesh]], an widow o [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], a nuclear scientist. Hasina's pairty defeatit the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the [[Bangladeshi parliamentary election, 2008|2008 parliamentary election]], assurin her o the post o prime meenister.
Hasina's poleetical career haes spanned mair nor fower decades durin which she haes been baith Prime Meenister an opposition leader. As opposition leader, she wis the target o an assassination attempt in 2004. In 2007, she wis arrestit for corruption an chairged wi murther bi the militar-backit [[Caretaker govrenment o Bangladesh|Caretaker govrenment]] durin the [[2006-2008 Bangladeshi poleetical creesis]], whan the generals pit on a [[state o emergency]]. She returned as Prime Meenister efter a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance in 2008, whan they teuk twa-thirds o the seats in pairlament.

==References==
http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
* [http://www.albd.org/ Awami League offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919051441/http://www.albd.org/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm Banglapedia airticle on Sheikh Hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180714/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Actin}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Latifur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
|-
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{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasina, Sheikh}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Female heids o govrenment]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
      <sha1>e2ab9uf57s1dev5x3ld3r74j0jrmaz9</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921609</id>
      <parentid>921601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:56:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redd up Scots, remuive rid links</comment>
      <origin>921609</origin>
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      <text bytes="4329" sha1="rwlkxzejw8sb4shme2coeutr4wblubu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name         = Sheikh Hasina&lt;br&gt;{{small|শেখ হাসিনা}}
|image        = Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
|office       =[[List of Prime Ministers of Bangladesh|10th]] [[Prime meenister]] of [[Bangladesh]]
|president    = [[Iajuddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zillur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;[[Abdul Hamid (politeecian)|Abdul Hamid]]
|term_start   = 6 Januar 2009
|term_end     = 5 August 2024
|predecessor  = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor    = 
|president1   = [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]
|term_start1  = 23 Juin 1996
|term_end1    = 15 Julie 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|successor1   = [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(Acting)}}
|office2 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2 = 10 October 2001
|term_end2 = 29 October 2006
|predecessor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|successor2 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
|term_start3 = 20 Mairch 1991
|term_end3 =30 Mairch 1996 
|predecessor3 = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]]
|successor3= [[Khaleda Zia]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], [[East Bengal]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;(now in [[Bangladesh]])
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]]
|otherparty   = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] {{small|(2008–present)}}
|spouse       = [[M. A. Wazed Miah|Wazed Miah]] {{small|(1968–2009)}}
|children     = [[Sajeeb Wazed]]&lt;br&gt;Saima Wazed
|alma_mater   = [[Eden Girls' College, Bangladesh|Eden Girls' College]]
}}
'''Sheikh Hasina''' ({{lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|x|_|h|ə|ˈ|s|iː|n|ə}}, {{respell|SHAYKH|'}} {{respell|hə|SEE|nə}}; born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician that wis the Prime Meenister o Bangladesh fae 2009 til 2024, as weel as fae 1996 til 2001. Hasina haes led the Bangladesh Awami League syne 1981. She is the auldest o five bairns o [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the foondin faither an first President of [[Bangladesh]], an wanter o M. A. Wazed Miah, a nuclear scientist. Hasina's pairty defeatit the BNP-led Four-Party Alliance in the 2008 parliamentary election, assurin her o the post o prime meenister.
Hasina's poleetical career haes spanned mair nor fower decades durin which she haes been baith Prime Meenister an opposition leader. As opposition leader, she wis the target o an assassination attempt in 2004. In 2007, she wis arrestit for corruption an chairged wi murther bi the militar-backit Caretakker govrenment durin the 2006-2008 Bangladeshi poleetical creesis, whan the generals pit on a state o emergency. She returned as Prime Meenister efter a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance in 2008, whan they teuk twa-thirds o the seats in pairlament.

==References==
http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003054646/http://gurumia.com/tag/sheikh-hasina/ |date=2013-10-03 }}
* [http://www.albd.org/ Awami League offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919051441/http://www.albd.org/ |date=2019-09-19 }}
* [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm Banglapedia airticle on Sheikh Hasina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180714/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/H_0081.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Actin}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Latifur Rahman]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|Acting}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Meenister o Bangladesh]]|years=2009–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasina, Sheikh}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Female heids o govrenment]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Gopalganj Destrict, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Prime Meenisters o Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Muslims]]</text>
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    <title>Stefanaconi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:04:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921476</origin>
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| official_name       = Comune di Stefanaconi
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| coordinates         = {{coord|38|40|N|16|7|E|type:city(2,477)_region:IT|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Calabrie]]
| province            = [[Province o Vibo Valentia]] (VV)
| frazioni            = Morsillara
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = 
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 23.2
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 2477
| population_as_of    = Dec. 2004
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Stefanaconesi
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 347
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| saint               = 
| day                 = 
| postal_code         = 89843
| area_code           = 0963
| website             = {{official|http://www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
'''Stefanaconi''' ({{Lang-el|Stephanikonion}}) is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Vibo Valentia]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Calabrie]], locatit aboot 50&amp;nbsp;km soothwast o [[Catanzaro]] an aboot 3&amp;nbsp;km east o [[Vibo Valentia]]. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 2,477 an a aurie o 23.2&amp;nbsp;km².&lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].&lt;/ref&gt;

The municipality o Stefanaconi contains the ''[[frazione]]'' (subdiveesion) Morsillara.

Stefanaconi borders the follaein municipalities: [[Francica]], [[Gerocarne]], [[Pizzoni]], [[Sant'Onofrio]], [[Soriano Calabro]], [[Vazzano]], [[Vibo Valentia]].

== Demographic evolution ==
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  bar:1951 text:1951
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  bar:1981 text:1981
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  bar:2001 at:2497 fontsize:XS text: 2497 shift:(-8,5)

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  text:Data from ISTAT

&lt;/timeline&gt;

==Surnames==
10 most common names in Stefanaconi.
*1. [[Franzè]]
*2. [[Lopreiato]]
*3. [[Matina]]
*4. Fortuna
*5. [[Solano]]
*6. [[Arcella]]
*7. Cugliari
*8. [[De Fina]]
*9. [[Maluccio]]
*10. [[Meddis]]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/ www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310184653/http://www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/ |date=2007-03-10 }}

{{clear}}
{{Province o Vibo Valentia}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921500</id>
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      <text bytes="3968" sha1="k8tp8rzn3s3nnkw9rwadanla02v1m18" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Stefanaconi
| official_name       = Comune di Stefanaconi
| coordinates         = {{coord|38|40|N|16|7|E|type:city(2,477)_region:IT|display=inline}}
| region              = [[Calabrie]]
| province            = [[Province o Vibo Valentia]] (VV)
| frazioni            = Morsillara
| area_total_km2      = 23.2
| population_total    = 2477
| population_as_of    = Dec. 2004
| population_demonym  = Stefanaconesi
| elevation_m         = 347
| postal_code         = 89843
| area_code           = 0963
| website             = {{official|http://www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/}}
}}
'''Stefanaconi''' ({{Lang-el|Stephanikonion}}) is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Vibo Valentia]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Calabrie]], locatit aboot 50&amp;nbsp;km soothwast o [[Catanzaro]] an aboot 3&amp;nbsp;km east o [[Vibo Valentia]]. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 2,477 an a aurie o 23.2&amp;nbsp;km².&lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].&lt;/ref&gt;

The municipality o Stefanaconi contains the ''[[frazione]]'' (subdiveesion) Morsillara.

Stefanaconi borders the follaein municipalities: [[Francica]], [[Gerocarne]], [[Pizzoni]], [[Sant'Onofrio]], [[Soriano Calabro]], [[Vazzano]], [[Vibo Valentia]].

== Demographic evolution ==
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  bar:1951 from: 0 till:3115
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&lt;/timeline&gt;

==Surnames==
10 most common names in Stefanaconi.
*1. [[Franzè]]
*2. [[Lopreiato]]
*3. [[Matina]]
*4. Fortuna
*5. [[Solano]]
*6. [[Arcella]]
*7. Cugliari
*8. [[De Fina]]
*9. [[Maluccio]]
*10. [[Meddis]]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/ www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310184653/http://www.comuneweb.it/StefanaconiHome/ |date=2007-03-10 }}

{{clear}}
{{Province o Vibo Valentia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sant'Onofrio, Calabrie</title>
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      <text bytes="4206" sha1="2kpofdu7ieq2htvjka4is6aacfq9jgn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Sant'Onofrio
| official_name       = Comune di Sant'Onofrio
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = 
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
| image_caption       = 
| image_shield        = 
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|38|42|N|16|9|E|type:city(3,202)_region:IT|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Calabrie]]
| province            = [[Province o Vibo Valentia]] (VV)
| frazioni            = 
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = 
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 18.4
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 3202
| population_as_of    = Dec. 2004
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| saint               = 
| day                 = 
| postal_code         = 89843
| area_code           = 0963
| website             = 
| footnotes           = 
}}

'''Sant'Onofrio''' is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Vibo Valentia]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Calabrie]], locatit aboot 45&amp;nbsp;km soothwast o [[Catanzaro]] an aboot 4&amp;nbsp;km northeast o [[Vibo Valentia]]. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 3,202 an a aurie o 18.4&amp;nbsp;km².&lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].&lt;/ref&gt;  It is namit efter Saunt [[Onuphrius]].

Sant'Onofrio borders the follaein municipalities: [[Filogaso]], [[Maierato]], [[Pizzo, Calabria|Pizzo]], [[Stefanaconi]], [[Vazzano]], [[Vibo Valentia]].

== Demographic evolution ==
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&lt;/timeline&gt;

==Surnames==
10 maist common names in Sant'Onofrio.
*1. Cugliari
*2. [[De Fina]]
*3. [[Barbieri]]
*4. [[Lopreiato]]
*5. [[Marcello]]
*6. [[Arcella]]
*7. [[Pezzo]]
*8. [[Figliano]]
*9. [[Marago']]
*10. [[Defina]]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{clear}}
{{Province o Vibo Valentia}}</text>
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    <title>Ibaan</title>
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      <text bytes="6652" sha1="4sp50l2o2frvovddzd03q1eqh1jo0mi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Ibaan
| native_name            = &lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang       = fil&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code --&gt;
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline          = Ibaan,Batangasjf0016 20.JPG
| image_caption          = 
| image_flag             =
| image_seal             = Ibaan,Batangasjf9718 10.JPG
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| nickname               =
| motto                  =
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o Batangas showin the location o Ibaan
| pushpin_map            = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the Philippines
| coordinates            = {{coord|13|49|N|121|08|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes  =
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| subdivision_name3      = 4t Destrict
| established_title      = Foondit
| established_date       = 11 Februar 1832
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 26
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=11 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Juan V. Toreja
| leader_title1          = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1           = Sixto I. Yabyabin
| area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: BATANGAS |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |location=Makati City, Philippines |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114165612/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2         = 68.99
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            =
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192321/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 48482
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     =
| population_note        =
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 2nt class
| website                = {{URL|{{#property:P856}}}}
| footnotes              =
}}

'''Ibaan''' is a seicont class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|Province]] o [[Batangas]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 48,482 fowk.&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;

It is locatit {{convert|96|km}} sooth o [[Manila]]. It haes a land aurie o {{convert|6796|ha|mi2}} at a altitude o {{convert|124|m}} abuin sea level.

It is predominantly a [[Roman Catholic]] commonty, wi minor percentage o [[Protestant]]s an members o the [[Iglesia ni Cristo]]. [[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]] is the local dialect, housomeivver [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] is includit in its eddicational curriculum an is aften uised in offeecial dealins an transactions.

Temperatur is moderate baith in its rainy an dry saisons, conducive tae fermin, agricultural an livestock production whilk is the uisual thrift o the fowk. Thare less an less fermers ilka year acause locals resort tae hog raisin whilk provides better income. Ither soorces o income is bein engagit in business an profession. Ibaan is kent as the hame o the &quot;''kulambo''&quot; (mosquito net) an aw acause the production an tradin o sic nets is ane o the maist profitable businesses in the locality.

== Barangays ==

Ibaan is poleetically subdividit intae 26 [[barangay]]s.&lt;ref name=nscb/&gt; Bungahan wis constitutit as a barrio in 1956.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lawph.com/statutes/ra1523.html|title=An Act to Create the Barrio of Bungahan in the Municipality of Ibaan, Province of Batangas|publisher=LawPH.com|accessdate=2011-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{columns-list|2|
* Bago
* Balanga
* Bungahan
* Calamias
* Catandala
* Coliat
* Dayapan
* Lapu-lapu
* Lucsuhin
* Mabalor
* Malainin
* Matala
* Munting-Tubig
* Palindan
* Pangao
* Panghayaan
* Poblacion
* Quilo
* Sabang
* Salaban I
* Salaban II
* San Agustin
* Sandalan
* Sto. Niño
* Talaibon
* Tulay Na Patpat
}}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Ibaan
| 1990 = 31220
| 1995 = 34757
| 2000 = 40165
| 2007 = 45649
| 2010 = 48482
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;
}}

[[File:IbaanHalljf0096 06.JPG|thumb|none|250px|Ibaan toun haw]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ibaan.gov.ph/ Offeecial Wabsteid o the Municipality o Ibaan, Batangas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509215343/http://www.ibaan.gov.ph/ |date=2013-05-09 }}
* [http://www.ibaan.net/ www.ibaan.net]

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Ibaan
| North     = [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa Ceety]]
| East      = [[Rosario, Batangas|Rosario]]
| Southeast = [[Taysan]]
| South     = [[Batangas Ceety]]
| West      = [[Batangas Ceety]]
| Northwest = [[San Jose, Batangas|San Jose]]
}}
{{Batangas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibaan}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Batangas]]</text>
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      <parentid>921647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:25:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>921773</origin>
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      <text bytes="6299" sha1="ds0joogsj6e1q0th6ehcob0unuipfyl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Ibaan
| native_name_lang       = fil
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline          = Ibaan,Batangasjf0016 20.JPG
| image_seal             = Ibaan,Batangasjf9718 10.JPG
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o Batangas showin the location o Ibaan
| pushpin_map            = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the Philippines
| coordinates            = {{coord|13|49|N|121|08|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| subdivision_name3      = 4t Destrict
| established_title      = Foondit
| established_date       = 11 Februar 1832
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 26
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=11 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Juan V. Toreja
| leader_title1          = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1           = Sixto I. Yabyabin
| area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: BATANGAS |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |location=Makati City, Philippines |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114165612/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2         = 68.99
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192321/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 48482
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 2nt class
| website                = {{URL|{{#property:P856}}}}
}}

'''Ibaan''' is a seicont class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|Province]] o [[Batangas]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 48,482 fowk.&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;

It is locatit {{convert|96|km}} sooth o [[Manila]]. It haes a land aurie o {{convert|6796|ha|mi2}} at a altitude o {{convert|124|m}} abuin sea level.

It is predominantly a [[Roman Catholic]] commonty, wi minor percentage o [[Protestant]]s an members o the [[Iglesia ni Cristo]]. [[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]] is the local dialect, housomeivver [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] is includit in its eddicational curriculum an is aften uised in offeecial dealins an transactions.

Temperatur is moderate baith in its rainy an dry saisons, conducive tae fermin, agricultural an livestock production whilk is the uisual thrift o the fowk. Thare less an less fermers ilka year acause locals resort tae hog raisin whilk provides better income. Ither soorces o income is bein engagit in business an profession. Ibaan is kent as the hame o the &quot;''kulambo''&quot; (mosquito net) an aw acause the production an tradin o sic nets is ane o the maist profitable businesses in the locality.

== Barangays ==

Ibaan is poleetically subdividit intae 26 [[barangay]]s.&lt;ref name=nscb/&gt; Bungahan wis constitutit as a barrio in 1956.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lawph.com/statutes/ra1523.html|title=An Act to Create the Barrio of Bungahan in the Municipality of Ibaan, Province of Batangas|publisher=LawPH.com|accessdate=2011-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{columns-list|2|
* Bago
* Balanga
* Bungahan
* Calamias
* Catandala
* Coliat
* Dayapan
* Lapu-lapu
* Lucsuhin
* Mabalor
* Malainin
* Matala
* Munting-Tubig
* Palindan
* Pangao
* Panghayaan
* Poblacion
* Quilo
* Sabang
* Salaban I
* Salaban II
* San Agustin
* Sandalan
* Sto. Niño
* Talaibon
* Tulay Na Patpat
}}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Ibaan
| 1990 = 31220
| 1995 = 34757
| 2000 = 40165
| 2007 = 45649
| 2010 = 48482
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;
}}

[[File:IbaanHalljf0096 06.JPG|thumb|none|250px|Ibaan toun haw]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ibaan.gov.ph/ Offeecial Wabsteid o the Municipality o Ibaan, Batangas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509215343/http://www.ibaan.gov.ph/ |date=2013-05-09 }}
* [http://www.ibaan.net/ www.ibaan.net]

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Ibaan
| North     = [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa Ceety]]
| East      = [[Rosario, Batangas|Rosario]]
| Southeast = [[Taysan]]
| South     = [[Batangas Ceety]]
| West      = [[Batangas Ceety]]
| Northwest = [[San Jose, Batangas|San Jose]]
}}
{{Batangas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibaan}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Batangas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Taysan</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>921641</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:36:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="5826" sha1="mrnc4x99mk1kjsuzomojkqbtp6ysjui" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Taysan
| native_name             = &lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang        = fil&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code --&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Downtown Taysan Batangasjf.jpg
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = 
| image_seal              = Taysan,Batangasjf9619a.JPG
| seal_size               = 100x80px
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption             = Map o Batangas showin the location o Taysan
| pushpin_map             = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location athin the Philippines
| coordinates             = {{coord|13|44|31|N|121|13|23|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A)
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3       = Destrict
| subdivision_name3       = 4t Destrict
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 1908
| parts_type              = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = 20
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Victor Perez Portugal Jr.
| government_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=11 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: BATANGAS |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |location=Makati City, Philippines |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114165612/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 93.62
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192321/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 35357
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| timezone                = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset              = +8
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code             = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code               = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 2nt class
| website                 =
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Taysan''' is a seicont class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] o [[Batangas]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 35,357 fowk.&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt; 

== Barangays ==

Taysan is poleetically subdividit intae 20 [[barangay]]s.&lt;ref name=nscb/&gt;
{{Columns-list|2|
* Bacao
* Bilogo
* Bukal
* Dagatan
* Guinhawa
* Laurel
* Mabayabas
* Mahanadiong
* Mapulo
* Mataas Na Lupa
* Pag-Asa
* Panghayaan
* Piña
* Pinagbayanan
* Poblacion East
* Poblacion West
* San Isidro
* San Marcelino
* Sto. Niño
* Tilambo
}}

It is the richest municipality in [[Batangas]] wi a annual income o PhP 3,000,000.

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Taysan
| 1990 = 22508
| 1995 = 26504
| 2000 = 29836
| 2007 = 33454
| 2010 = 35357
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;
}}

== Images ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:TaysanHalljf9847 11.JPG|Toun haw
File:Taysan Public Market in Batangas province 1.jpg|Public mercat
File:Batangasjf9972 43.JPG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==

{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
*[http://www.census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |date=2013-10-04 }}
*[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/42537/(Update)-Teacher-watcher-die-as-armed-men-torch-Batangas-school Torching of Pinagbayanan Elementary School]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Taysan
|North     = [[Rosario, Batangas|Rosario]]
|East      = [[Rosario, Batangas|Rosario]]
|South     = [[Lobo, Batangas|Lobo]]
|West      = [[Batangas Ceety]]
|Northwest = [[Ibaan]]
}}
{{Batangas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taysan}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Batangas]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5396" sha1="pv9mz16wah4mnx2x3g5fmtrldplvhdo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Taysan
| native_name_lang        = fil
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Downtown Taysan Batangasjf.jpg
| image_seal              = Taysan,Batangasjf9619a.JPG
| seal_size               = 100x80px
| image_map               = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption             = Map o Batangas showin the location o Taysan
| pushpin_map             = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location athin the Philippines
| coordinates             = {{coord|13|44|31|N|121|13|23|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A)
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3       = Destrict
| subdivision_name3       = 4t Destrict
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 1908
| parts_type              = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = 20
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Victor Perez Portugal Jr.
| government_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=11 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: BATANGAS |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |location=Makati City, Philippines |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114165612/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 93.62
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=11 November 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192321/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 35357
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone                = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset              = +8
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code             = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code               = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 2nt class
}}

'''Taysan''' is a seicont class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] o [[Batangas]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 35,357 fowk.&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt; 

== Barangays ==

Taysan is poleetically subdividit intae 20 [[barangay]]s.&lt;ref name=nscb/&gt;
{{Columns-list|2|
* Bacao
* Bilogo
* Bukal
* Dagatan
* Guinhawa
* Laurel
* Mabayabas
* Mahanadiong
* Mapulo
* Mataas Na Lupa
* Pag-Asa
* Panghayaan
* Piña
* Pinagbayanan
* Poblacion East
* Poblacion West
* San Isidro
* San Marcelino
* Sto. Niño
* Tilambo
}}

It is the richest municipality in [[Batangas]] wi a annual income o PhP 3,000,000.

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Taysan
| 1990 = 22508
| 1995 = 26504
| 2000 = 29836
| 2007 = 33454
| 2010 = 35357
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;
}}

== Images ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:TaysanHalljf9847 11.JPG|Toun haw
File:Taysan Public Market in Batangas province 1.jpg|Public mercat
File:Batangasjf9972 43.JPG
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==

{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
*[http://www.census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |date=2013-10-04 }}
*[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/42537/(Update)-Teacher-watcher-die-as-armed-men-torch-Batangas-school Torching of Pinagbayanan Elementary School]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Taysan
|North     = [[Rosario, Batangas|Rosario]]
|East      = [[Rosario, Batangas|Rosario]]
|South     = [[Lobo, Batangas|Lobo]]
|West      = [[Batangas Ceety]]
|Northwest = [[Ibaan]]
}}
{{Batangas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taysan}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Batangas]]</text>
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    <title>Panglima Estino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>921564</id>
      <parentid>871707</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:43:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5400" sha1="k0c27co79hfaldtntfnirl12q690lj9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Panglima Estino
| native_name            = &lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang       = fil&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code --&gt;
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline          =
| image_caption          =
| image_seal             = {{#property:P158}}
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| nickname               =
| motto                  =
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o {{#property:P131}} showin the location o Panglima Estino
| pushpin_map            = {{#property:P17}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the {{#property:P17}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|5|58|0|N|121|12|0|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes  =
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = {{flag|Philippines}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| subdivision_name3      =
| established_title      = Founded
| established_date       =
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 12
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=1 July 2013 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_party           =
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Benshar Estino
| area_footnotes         =
| area_total_km2         = 125.10
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            =
| population_footnotes   =
| population_total       = 27,724
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     =
| population_note        =
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 5t
| website                =
| footnotes              =
}}

{{Philippine Census			
| title = Population census of Panglima Estino, Sulu
| 1990 = 15683		
| 1995 = 18597		
| 2000 = 21443		
| 2007 = 35263		
| 2010 = 27724		
| 2015 = 		
| 2020 = 		
| 2025 = 		
| 2030 = 		
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph |accessdate=6 October 2013 |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |6= |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;			
}}

'''Panglima Estino''' (umwhile '''''New Panamao''''') is a 5t class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] o [[Sulu]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 27,724 fowk in 6,408 hoosehaulds.

==Barangays==

Panglima Estino is poleetically subdividit intae 12 [[barangay]]s.

* Gagguil
* Gata-gata
* Jinggan
* Kamih-Pungud
* Lihbug Kabaw
* Likbah
* Lubuk-lubuk
* Marsada
* Paiksa
* Pandakan
* Punay (Pob.)
* Tiptipon

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html 1995 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624033814/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html |date=2011-06-24 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130095048/http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html |date=2010-01-30 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (1)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html |date=2008-11-20 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (2)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302104328/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html |date=2009-03-02 }}
* [http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1700 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043429/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1700 |date=2016-03-04 }}

{{Sulu}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Sulu]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>921564</parentid>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="4886" sha1="lr95lvf8swu8sqs3kqautrfeycqugle" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Panglima Estino
| native_name_lang       = fil
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_seal             = {{#property:P158}}
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o {{#property:P131}} showin the location o Panglima Estino
| pushpin_map            = {{#property:P17}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the {{#property:P17}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|5|58|0|N|121|12|0|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = {{flag|Philippines}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| established_title      = Founded
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 12
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=1 July 2013 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Benshar Estino
| area_total_km2         = 125.10
| population_total       = 27,724
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 5t
}}

{{Philippine Census			
| title = Population census of Panglima Estino, Sulu
| 1990 = 15683		
| 1995 = 18597		
| 2000 = 21443		
| 2007 = 35263		
| 2010 = 27724		
| 2015 = 		
| 2020 = 		
| 2025 = 		
| 2030 = 		
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph |accessdate=6 October 2013 |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |6= |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;			
}}

'''Panglima Estino''' (umwhile '''''New Panamao''''') is a 5t class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] o [[Sulu]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 27,724 fowk in 6,408 hoosehaulds.

==Barangays==

Panglima Estino is poleetically subdividit intae 12 [[barangay]]s.

* Gagguil
* Gata-gata
* Jinggan
* Kamih-Pungud
* Lihbug Kabaw
* Likbah
* Lubuk-lubuk
* Marsada
* Paiksa
* Pandakan
* Punay (Pob.)
* Tiptipon

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html 1995 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624033814/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html |date=2011-06-24 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130095048/http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html |date=2010-01-30 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (1)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html |date=2008-11-20 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (2)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302104328/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html |date=2009-03-02 }}
* [http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1700 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043429/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1700 |date=2016-03-04 }}

{{Sulu}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Sulu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pata, Sulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>921567</id>
      <parentid>871709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:44:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921567</origin>
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      <text bytes="5326" sha1="bij3bo359tfk7bt2nxqsfydqbdw6l9n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Pata
| native_name            = &lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang       = fil&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code --&gt;
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline          =
| image_caption          =
| image_seal             = {{#property:P158}}
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| nickname               =
| motto                  =
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o {{#property:P131}} showin the location o Pata
| pushpin_map            = {{#property:P17}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the {{#property:P17}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|5|50|0|N|121|5|0|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes  =
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = {{flag|Philippines}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| subdivision_name3      =
| established_title      = Founded
| established_date       =
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 14
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=1 July 2013 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_party           =
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Anton Burahan
| area_footnotes         =
| area_total_km2         = 116.99
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            =
| population_footnotes   =
| population_total       = 14,918
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     =
| population_note        =
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 5t
| website                =
| footnotes              =
}}
{{Philippine Census			
| title = Population census of Pata, Sulu
| 1990 = 9244		
| 1995 = 10065		
| 2000 = 11791		
| 2007 = 20095		
| 2010 = 14918		
| 2015 = 		
| 2020 = 		
| 2025 = 		
| 2030 = 		
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph |accessdate=6 October 2013 |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |6= |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;			
}}	
'''Pata''' is a 5t cless [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] o [[Sulu]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 14,918 fowk in 3,820 hoosehaulds.

==Barangays==

Pata is poleetically subdividit intae 14 [[barangay]]s.

* Andalan
* Daungdong
* Kamawi
* Kanjarang
* Kayawan (Pob.)
* Kiput
* Likud
* Luuk-tulay
* Niog-niog
* Patian
* Pisak-pisak
* Saimbangon
* Sangkap
* Timuddas

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html 1995 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624033814/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html |date=2011-06-24 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130095048/http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html |date=2010-01-30 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (1)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html |date=2008-11-20 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (2)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302104328/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html |date=2009-03-02 }}
* [http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1705 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210330/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1705 |date=2016-03-04 }}

{{Sulu}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Sulu]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921729</id>
      <parentid>921567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:31:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>921729</origin>
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      <text bytes="4812" sha1="h7882bw3okq8xxwjv9umad6dsy2enlk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Pata
| native_name_lang       = fil
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_seal             = {{#property:P158}}
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o {{#property:P131}} showin the location o Pata
| pushpin_map            = {{#property:P17}}
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the {{#property:P17}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|5|50|0|N|121|5|0|E|region:PH|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = {{flag|Philippines}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| established_title      = Founded
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 14
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=1 July 2013 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Anton Burahan
| area_total_km2         = 116.99
| population_total       = 14,918
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 5t
}}
{{Philippine Census			
| title = Population census of Pata, Sulu
| 1990 = 9244		
| 1995 = 10065		
| 2000 = 11791		
| 2007 = 20095		
| 2010 = 14918		
| 2015 = 		
| 2020 = 		
| 2025 = 		
| 2030 = 		
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph |accessdate=6 October 2013 |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |6= |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;			
}}	
'''Pata''' is a 5t cless [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] o [[Sulu]], [[Philippines]]. Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 14,918 fowk in 3,820 hoosehaulds.

==Barangays==

Pata is poleetically subdividit intae 14 [[barangay]]s.

* Andalan
* Daungdong
* Kamawi
* Kanjarang
* Kayawan (Pob.)
* Kiput
* Likud
* Luuk-tulay
* Niog-niog
* Patian
* Pisak-pisak
* Saimbangon
* Sangkap
* Timuddas

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html 1995 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624033814/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/pop0.html |date=2011-06-24 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130095048/http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/index.html |date=2010-01-30 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (1)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html |date=2008-11-20 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html 2007 Philippine Census Information (2)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302104328/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html |date=2009-03-02 }}
* [http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1705 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210330/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&amp;frmIdDcfCode=7&amp;fLguType=CM&amp;frmIdRegion=1&amp;frmIdProvince=96&amp;frmIdLgu=1705 |date=2016-03-04 }}

{{Sulu}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Sulu]]</text>
      <sha1>h7882bw3okq8xxwjv9umad6dsy2enlk</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Province o Guadalajara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>63050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921467</id>
      <parentid>820565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:02:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3460" sha1="jd90tnczp0nrbckpza9e4xwkzv782vb" xml:space="preserve">{{about|the province o Guadalajara in Spain|ither uisses|Guadalajara (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Province Spain
| name                    = Guadalajara
| native_name             = 
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Flag Guadalajara Province.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de la provincia de Guadalajara.svg
| motto                   = 
| anthem                  = 
| image_map               =Guadalajara in Spain.svg
| coordinates             = {{coord|40|50|N|2|30|W|region:ES_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| autonomous_community    = {{flagicon|Castile-La Mancha}} [[Castile–La Mancha]]
| capital                 = [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]]
| government_type         =  
| president               = 
| president_party         = 
| area_total_km2          = 12167 
| area_rank               = 17t
| area_percent            = 
| elevation_m             = 
| language                = [[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]]
| population_total        = 259,537
| population_as_of        = 2012
| population_rank         = 42nt
| population_demonym      = Guadalajareño / Guadalajareña
| population_percent      = 0.52
| website                 = 
}}
'''Guadalajara''' ({{IPA-es|ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa|pron}} frae Arabic ''[[wādi]] al-ħajāra'' (وادي الحجارة), &quot;streambed/glen o stanes&quot;) is a [[Provinces o Spain|province]] o central/north-central [[Spain]], in the northren pairt o the [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Castile-La Mancha]]. It is bordered bi the provinces o [[Province o Cuenca|Cuenca]], [[Commonty o Madrid|Madrid]], [[Province o Segovia|Segovia]], [[Province o Soria|Soria]], [[Province o Zaragoza|Zaragoza]], an [[Province o Teruel|Teruel]]. Guadalajara is a [[muntainous]] place, the eastren side o the province is in the [[Sistema Ibérico]] aurie, while the [[Sistema Central]] rises in the wastren pairt.

Its population is 213,505 (2006). The aurie o the province covers 12.190&amp;nbsp;km². Its caipital is [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]], whaur nearly 35% o the province's population lives. Thare are 288 municipalities in Guadalajara, o which mair nor three-quairters are veelages wi populations less nor 200.

Frae 16 tae 20 Julie 2005 the province wis devastatit bi a [[forest fire]], kent as the ''incendio de Guadalajara''. Eleven firefechters dee'd efter a blowup. The fire wis caused bi hikers barbecuin.

==Comarcas==
*[[La Alcarria]]
*[[Campiña de Guadalajara|La Campiña]]
*[[La Serranía]]
*[[Señorío de Molina-Alto Tajo]]

==Natural Surroondins==

===Pairks===
* [[Parque Natural del Alto Tajo|Alto Tajo]]
* [[Hayedo de Tejera Negra]]

===Regions===
* [[Barranco del Río Dulce]]

===Natural Reserves===
* [[Lagunas de Puebla de Beleña]]
* [[Cerros Margosos de Pastrana y Yebra]]
* [[Cerros Volcánicos de La Miñosa]]
* [[Prados Húmedos de Torremocha del Pinar]]

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.guadalfaxara.es.vg Guadalajara, the great unknown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308150110/http://www.guadalfaxara.es.vg/ |date=2007-03-08 }}
* [http://www.dguadalajara.es Provincial Government]

{{see also|List of municipalities in Guadalajara|Pastrana, Spain}}

{{Provinces o Castile–La Mancha}}
{{Provinces o Spain}}
{{Municipalities in Guadalajara}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guadalajara, Province o}}
[[Category:Province o Guadalajara| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3111" sha1="53b1ztdwl3t62r4wqbuaikguubdsvna" xml:space="preserve">{{about|the province o Guadalajara in Spain|ither uisses|Guadalajara (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Province Spain
| name                    = Guadalajara
| image_flag              = Flag Guadalajara Province.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de la provincia de Guadalajara.svg
| image_map               =Guadalajara in Spain.svg
| coordinates             = {{coord|40|50|N|2|30|W|region:ES_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| autonomous_community    = {{flagicon|Castile-La Mancha}} [[Castile–La Mancha]]
| capital                 = [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]]
| area_total_km2          = 12167 
| area_rank               = 17t
| language                = [[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]]
| population_total        = 259,537
| population_as_of        = 2012
| population_rank         = 42nt
| population_demonym      = Guadalajareño / Guadalajareña
| population_percent      = 0.52
}}
'''Guadalajara''' ({{IPA-es|ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa|pron}} frae Arabic ''[[wādi]] al-ħajāra'' (وادي الحجارة), &quot;streambed/glen o stanes&quot;) is a [[Provinces o Spain|province]] o central/north-central [[Spain]], in the northren pairt o the [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Castile-La Mancha]]. It is bordered bi the provinces o [[Province o Cuenca|Cuenca]], [[Commonty o Madrid|Madrid]], [[Province o Segovia|Segovia]], [[Province o Soria|Soria]], [[Province o Zaragoza|Zaragoza]], an [[Province o Teruel|Teruel]]. Guadalajara is a [[muntainous]] place, the eastren side o the province is in the [[Sistema Ibérico]] aurie, while the [[Sistema Central]] rises in the wastren pairt.

Its population is 213,505 (2006). The aurie o the province covers 12.190&amp;nbsp;km². Its caipital is [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]], whaur nearly 35% o the province's population lives. Thare are 288 municipalities in Guadalajara, o which mair nor three-quairters are veelages wi populations less nor 200.

Frae 16 tae 20 Julie 2005 the province wis devastatit bi a [[forest fire]], kent as the ''incendio de Guadalajara''. Eleven firefechters dee'd efter a blowup. The fire wis caused bi hikers barbecuin.

==Comarcas==
*[[La Alcarria]]
*[[Campiña de Guadalajara|La Campiña]]
*[[La Serranía]]
*[[Señorío de Molina-Alto Tajo]]

==Natural Surroondins==

===Pairks===
* [[Parque Natural del Alto Tajo|Alto Tajo]]
* [[Hayedo de Tejera Negra]]

===Regions===
* [[Barranco del Río Dulce]]

===Natural Reserves===
* [[Lagunas de Puebla de Beleña]]
* [[Cerros Margosos de Pastrana y Yebra]]
* [[Cerros Volcánicos de La Miñosa]]
* [[Prados Húmedos de Torremocha del Pinar]]

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.guadalfaxara.es.vg Guadalajara, the great unknown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308150110/http://www.guadalfaxara.es.vg/ |date=2007-03-08 }}
* [http://www.dguadalajara.es Provincial Government]

{{see also|List of municipalities in Guadalajara|Pastrana, Spain}}

{{Provinces o Castile–La Mancha}}
{{Provinces o Spain}}
{{Municipalities in Guadalajara}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guadalajara, Province o}}
[[Category:Province o Guadalajara| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>David Guetta</title>
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      <text bytes="29257" sha1="lcq99u236a9cno2hjyyllairt01bsvd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist
| name            = David Guetta
| image           = 2023-11-16 Gala de los Latin Grammy, 22 (David Guetta).jpg
| image_size      = 250px 
| caption         = David Guetta in 2023
| background      = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| Alias           = Jack Back
| birth_name      = Pierre David Guetta&lt;ref name=Pierre/&gt;
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|11|7}}
| birth_place     = [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]]
| death_date      =
| death_place     = 
| genre           = {{hlist|[[Electro house]]|[[House muisic|house]]|[[progressive house]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[French touch]]|[[pop muisic|pop]]|[[hip house]]|Big room house}}
| occupation      = {{hlist|[[Disc jockey]]|[[muisic producer]]|[[sangwriter|sangwriter]]|[[remixer]]}}
| years_active    = 1994&amp;ndash;present
| label           = {{hlist|[[EMI|EMI Music France]]|[[Parlophone]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[Positiva Records|Positiva]]|[[Astralwerks]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|Gum Productions|Fuck Me I'm Famous Records|Jack Back Records}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Nicky Romero]]|[[Chris Willis]]|[[Kelly Rowland]]|[[Estelle (muisicker)|Estelle]]|[[Tara McDonald]]|[[Akon]]|[[Afrojack]]|[[JD Davis]]|[[Sia Furler|Sia]]|[[The Black Eyed Peas]]|[[Dwele]]|[[Taped Rai]]|[[Rihanna]]|[[Timbaland]]|[[Snoop Dogg]]|[[Nicki Minaj]]|[[Flo Rida]]|[[Dev (sangster)|Dev]]|[[Ne-Yo]]|[[Makeba Riddick|Makeba]]|[[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]]|[[Chris Brown]]|[[Lil Wayne]]|[[LMFAO]]|[[Usher (sangster)|Usher]]|[[Will.i.am]]|[[Taio Cruz]]|[[Nervo (duo)|Nervo]]|[[Lady Gaga]]|[[Ludacris]]|[[Novel (muisicker)|Novel]]|[[Ke$ha]]|[[David Bowie]]|[[Dizzee Rascal]]|[[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]|[[Kelis]]|[[Jennifer Hudson]]|[[Lil Jon]]|[[Tiësto]]|[[Calvin Harris]]|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Alesso]]|[[Kid Cudi]]|[[Madonna (enterteener)|Madonna]]|[[Fergie (sangster)|Fergie]]|[[Avicii]]|[[Armand Van Helden]]|[[Tegan and Sara]]|[[Chuckie (DJ)|Chuckie]]|[[Big Sean]]|[[Wiz Khalifa]]|[[Jessie J]]|[[Jay-Z]]|[[50 Cent]]|[[Diplo]]|[[Emeli Sandé]]|[[Mikky Ekko]]|[[JLS]]|[[Tinie Tempah]]|[[Ty Dolla $ign]]|[[B.o.B]]|[[Britney Spears]]|[[2 Chainz]]|[[T-Pain]]|[[Chris Martin]]|[[T.I.]]|[[Juicy J]]|[[Tyga]]}}
| website         = {{url|www.davidguetta.com}}
}}

'''Pierre David Guetta''' ({{IPA-fr|pjɛʁ david ɡeta}}; born 7 November 1967 in [[Paris]]), commonly kent as '''David Guetta''', is a [[French fowk|French]] [[French house|house muisic]] producer an [[disc jockey]] (DJ).&lt;ref name=Pierre&gt;{{cite web|title=ACE Title Search - Works written by: GUETTA PIERRE DAVID|url=http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&amp;mode=results&amp;searchstr=1657984&amp;search_in=c&amp;search_type=exact&amp;search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&amp;results_pp=25&amp;start=1|publisher=[[ASCAP]]|accessdate=12 August 2011|archive-date=2011-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012021019/http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&amp;mode=results&amp;searchstr=1657984&amp;search_in=c&amp;search_type=exact&amp;search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&amp;results_pp=25&amp;start=1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oreeginally a DJ at [[nichtclub]]s durin the 1980s an 1990s, he co-foondit Gum Productions an released his first album, ''Just a Little More Love'', in 2002. Later, he released ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004) an ''Pop Life'' (2007).

Guetta achievit mainstream success wi his 2009 album ''One Love'' which includit the hit singles &quot;When Love Takes Over&quot;, &quot;Gettin' Over You&quot;, &quot;[[Sexy Bitch]]&quot;, aw three o which reached #1 in the UK, an &quot;Memories&quot;. The 2011 follaeup album, ''[[Nothing but the Beat]]'', continued this success, conteenin the hit singles &quot;[[Where Them Girls At]]&quot;, &quot;[[Little Bad Girl]]&quot;, &quot;[[Without You (David Guetta song)|Without You]]&quot;, &quot;Titanium&quot; an &quot;Turn Me On&quot;.

David Guetta haes sauld ower sax million albums an 15 million singles warldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Otter|first=Charlotte|title=Music Week – Music Week – Music business magazine – F*** Me I'm Famous goes global|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&amp;storycode=1043012&amp;c=1|publisher=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=23 October 2010|date=22 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011 Guetta wis voted as the #1 DJ in the '[[DJ Magazine|DJ Mag Tap 100 DJs]]' fan poll.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loben&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Loben|first=Carl|title=DJ Mag Top 100 DJs|url=http://www.djmag.com/top100/detail/2687/1|publisher=DJ Mag|accessdate=13 February 2012|archive-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510071151/http://djmag.com/top100/detail/2687/1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Biografie==
In the mid-1990s, Guetta played in clubs includin Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, an Folies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ultra&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ultramusic.com/artist/biography-david_guetta/david-guetta|title=David Guetta|publisher=Ultra Music|accessdate=29 December 2009|archive-date=2012-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201080840/http://www.ultramusic.com/artist/biography-david_guetta/david-guetta|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MTV France&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.fr/musique/artistes/david-guetta|title=David Guetta: Bio complète|last=D'Alguerre|first=Benjamin|publisher=MTV France|language=French|accessdate=29 December 2009|archive-date=2014-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009141258/http://www.mtv.fr/musique/artistes/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Released in 1994&lt;ref name=&quot;discogs&quot;&gt;[http://www.discogs.com/artist/David+Guetta David Guetta Discography] discogs.com&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta's seicont single, a collaboration with American hoose vocalist Robert Owens titled &quot;Up &amp; Away&quot;, wis a minor club hit.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p572357|pure_url=yes}}|title=David Guetta: Biography|last=Jeffries|first=David|year=2008|accessdate=29 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1994, David Guetta became the manager o ''Le Palace'' nichtclub an he continued tae organise pairties thare an in ither clubs, sic as the &quot;Scream&quot; pairties in ''Les Bains Douches''.&lt;ref name=&quot;wantickets&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2Gf5bVpyFo |title=David Guetta Artist Profile|publisher=wantickets.com|accessdate=29 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2001–2006: ''Just a Little More Love'' an ''Guetta Blaster''===
In 2001, David Guetta alang wi [[Joachim Garraud]] foondit Gum Productions, an in the same year Guetta's first hit single, &quot;Just A Little More Love&quot;, featurin American sangster [[Chris Willis]] wis released. Willis wis vacationin in Fraunce when he met Guetta.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;/&gt; Guetta's debut album ''Just A Little More Love'' wis released in 2002 on Virgin Records an sold over 300,000 copies. The follae-up singles, (&quot;Love Don't Let Me Go&quot;, &quot;People Come People Go&quot; an &quot;Give Me Something&quot;), wur released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, ''Fuck Me I'm Famous'', in 2003, namit efter his pairty in Ibiza. It includit &quot;Just for One Day (Heroes)&quot;, a remix o [[David Bowie]]'s song &quot;Heroes&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;/&gt; Later in his career, Guetta continued recordin compilations unner that title.

Guetta's seicont album, ''Guetta Blaster'', wis released in 2004. It released fower singles: &quot;Money&quot; an &quot;Stay&quot; featurin Chris Willis an &quot;The World Is Mine&quot; an &quot;In Love With Myself&quot; featurin JD Davis. In 2006 the ''Just a Little More Love'' single &quot;Love Don't Let Me Go&quot; wis re-released as a mash-up wi the Tocadisco remix o &quot;Walking Away&quot; bi The Egg. The mash-up single entitled &quot;Love Don't Let Me Go (Walking Away)&quot; wis chairtit heicher than the oreeginal release o the sang.

===2007–09: ''Pop Life''===
In 2007, Guetta's third album ''Pop Life'' wis released. The album wis successfu in the UK an Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. Accordin tae EMI in 2010, the album haes sauld a tot o 530,000 copies warldwide. The lead single &quot;Love Is Gone&quot; reached Nummer 1 on the American Dance Chart an chairtit on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

&quot;Delirious&quot; featurt the vocals o [[Tara McDonald]] who co wrote the record an aw. The sang wis released as the album's fowert single on 31 Januar 2008. The sang chairtit #27 Austrian singles chairt, #17 Belgian (Flanders) chairt, #2 Belgian (Wallonie) singles chairt. #12 Dutch singles chairt, #16 French singles chart, #16 Swiss singles chairt, #36 Hungary singles chairt, #29 Romanie singles chairt, #51 Swadish singles chairt. The remixes o the sang, includin mixes bi Fred Rister, Marc Mysterio, [[Laidback Luke]], an Arno Cost an Norman Doray wur released. A video clip for the sang wis filmit bi Denys Thibaut in Montreal, featurin David Guetta an [[Tara McDonald]], picturin an executive assistant throwin paint aw ower her boss's office. [[Tara McDonald]] wis the iver vocalist that David Guetta iver featurt in the video clip. Tara McDonald sang &quot;You're Not Alone&quot; frae this album an aw.

He played in mony kintras aroond the warld tae promote the album. He played in Mauritius in Januar 2008, accompaniet bi French rapper [[JoeyStarr]]. In the same year, he an his wife [[Cathy Guetta|Cathy]] planned a new event which teuk place in the [[Stade de France]] on 5 Julie 2008 an aw. The event wis cried &quot;UNIGHTED&quot;, he performit wi [[Tiësto]], [[Carl Cox]], Joachim Garraud an [[Martin Solveig]] in front o a croud o 40,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unightedbycathyguetta.com/ |title=UNIGHTED Energized by Burn Intense Energy and Cathy Guetta |publisher=Unightedbycathyguetta.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717162711/http://www.unightedbycathyguetta.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2009, he wis placit third in the &quot;Top 100 DJs&quot; poll bi ''[[DJ Magazine]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.djmag.com/top100 |title=DJ Mag – Top 100 DJs |publisher=Djmag.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011 |archive-date=2009-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102052757/http://djmag.com/top100/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an wis electit &quot;Best House DJ&quot; bi DJ Awards in 2008. Syne Apryle 2009, Guetta haed his awn radio show on the internet radio station [[RauteMusik]] on Seturday fore-nicht. The show wis efterwards muivit intae [[Radio 538]], bein aired ivery Friday foreinicht efter ''[[Tiësto's Club Life]]''. Its name is ''[[DJ Mix]]''. Guetta performs a ane-hoor set o [[hoose muisic]], presentin mainly new talents inside.

===2009–2010: ''One Love'' an internaitional breakthrou===
 
David Guetta's fowert studio album, ''One Love'', wis released in August 2009. Its first single &quot;[[When Love Takes Over]]&quot;, which featurt [[Kelly Rowland]], peakit at #1 on the UK Singles Chart and topped mony ither kintras warldwide. His seicont single frae the album, &quot;[[Sexy Bitch]]&quot; featurin [[Akon]], became his seicont #1 in the UK. &quot;One Love&quot; featurin [[Estelle (muisicker)|Estelle]], &quot;[[Memories (David Guetta song)|Memories]]&quot; featurin [[Kid Cudi]], &quot;Revolver&quot; featurin [[Madonna (enterteener)|Madonna]] an [[Lil Wayne]], and &quot;[[Gettin' Over You]]&quot; featurin [[Chris Willis]], [[Fergie (sangster)|Fergie]] an [[LMFAO]] follaeed. As o Mey 2011 the album haed sauld three million copies warldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta confirms new single and album {{!}} EMI Music|url=http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2011/david-guetta-confirms-new-single-and-album/|publisher=[[EMI]]|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=5 May 2011|archive-date=2011-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605230106/http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2011/david-guetta-confirms-new-single-and-album/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta's fowert studio album ''One Love'' wis nominatit as &quot;Best Electronic/Dance Album&quot; at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]].&lt;ref name=&quot;grammy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/PDFs/GRAMMY_Awards/52nd_nominees.pdf|title= The 52nd Annual Grammy Awards Nominees List|work=[[Grammy Award]]|publisher=[[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]|format=PDF|accessdate=28 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; His sang &quot;[[When Love Takes Over]]&quot; featurin American R&amp;B sangster [[Kelly Rowland]] receivit twa nominations; Best Dance Recording an Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical, an wan the latter. Efter conflicts ower whether or no a album re-issue shoud go aheid, ''One More Love'' wis released on 29 November 2010. First single, titled &quot;Who's That Chick?&quot; featurin [[Rihanna]] wis released a few weeks prior.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rihanna-doritos-unveil-interactive-musical-experience-for-fans-worldwide-features-debut-of-new-single-whos-that-chick-105242638.html |title=Rihanna, Doritos Unveil Interactive Musical Experience for Fans Worldwide; Features Debut of New... – PLANO, Texas, 19 Oct. /PRNewswire/ |location=Texas |publisher=Prnewswire.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 16 Juin 2009, [[The Black Eyed Peas]] released the David Guetta-producit &quot;[[I Gotta Feeling]]&quot; as thair seicont single frae thair fift studio album, ''[[The E.N.D.]]''. It became a warldwide hit toppin the chairts in seiventeen kintras. It became the maist dounloadit sang o aw-time in the Unitit States wi amaist 7.5 million dounloads an in the Unitit Kinrick sellin mair nor 1 million copies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Whitworth|first=Dan|title=Black Eyed Peas set downloads record|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/10340829|date=21 June 2010|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=14 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mason|first=Kerri|title=David Guetta: Inside His Latest Hit Parade, 'Nothin But the Beat'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/467932/david-guetta-inside-his-latest-hit-parade-nothing-but-the-beat|date=15 August 2010|publisher=[[Billboard.com]]|accessdate=15 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis nominatit twice for his wirk wi [[The Black Eyed Peas]] at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]]; in the category Record o the Year for &quot;I Gotta Feeling&quot; an Album o the Year for thair album ''[[The E.N.D.]]''. In 2010, David Guetta co-wrote an producit [[Kelly Rowland]]'s &quot;Commander&quot; frae her third album ''Here I Am''. It peakit at nummer ane on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s [[Hot Dance Club Songs]] chairt in the Unitit States, an reached tap ten poseetions in Belgium an the Unitit Kinrick. Guetta haes co-producit &quot;Forever and a Day&quot;, which wis Kelly's next UK single frae that album.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Posted By: Sam |url=http://thatgrapejuice.net/2010/08/exclusive-kelly-rowland-forever-day-uk-single/ |title=Exclusive: Kelly Rowland – ‘Forever And A Day’ (New UK Single) &amp;#124; ..::That Grape Juice // ThatGrapeJuice.net::.. &amp;#124;&amp;#124; Thirsty? |publisher=Thatgrapejuice.net |date=18 August 2010 |accessdate=3 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDKOzkw3UXg&amp;feature=player_embedded# |title=YouTube – Kelly Rowland &amp;#124; Interview for Kelly's Official German site P2/2 &amp;#124; June 2010 |publisher=Youtube.com |date=29 July 2010 |accessdate=3 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta producit the singles &quot;Acapella&quot; an &quot;Scream&quot; for American sangster-sangwriter [[Kelis]]'s fift studio album, ''[[Flesh Tone]]'' an aw, released on 14 Mey 2010. &quot;Acapella&quot; wis released as the lead single on 23 Februar 2010 an toppit the dance chairts in the Unitit Kinrick an Unitit States. On 28 Juin 2010 American rapper [[Flo Rida]] released the single &quot;[[Club Can't Handle Me]]&quot; featurin David Guetta. The sang is includit on the soundtrack album tae the American 3D dance film ''[[Step Up 3D]]''.

===2011–13: ''Nothing but the Beat'' &amp; Jack Back Records===
Guetta's fift studio album, ''[[Nothing But The Beat]]'' wis released on 30 August 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta Bio, Music, News &amp; Shows|url=http://djz.com/featured_djs/david-guetta/|publisher=DJZ.com|accessdate=March 7, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329162235/http://djz.com/featured_djs/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis released as a dooble-disc album; ane disc bein vocal an the ither bein electronic.&lt;ref name=beat&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta Announces New Album &quot;Nothing But the Beat&quot; {{!}} Astralwerks|url=http://www.astralwerks.com/news/david-guetta-announces-new-album-nothing-but-the-beat/|publisher=[[Astralwerks]]|accessdate=23 June 2011|date=22 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta wis inspired bi rock baunds sic as [[Kings of Leon]] an [[Coldplay]] tae add rock influences tae his dance productions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]] |url=http://www.dailystar.co.uk/playlist/view/150318/David-Guetta-inspired-by-Kings-Of-Leon |title=DAVID GUETTA INSPIRED BY KINGS OF LEON |date=23 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Where Them Girls At]]&quot; featurin [[Flo Rida]] an [[Nicki Minaj]], the first single aff the album, wis released warldwide on 2 Mey 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471657/david-guetta-teams-with-flo-rida-nicki-minaj-for-where-them-girls-at|title=David Guetta Teams with Flo Rida and Nicki Minaj for 'Where Them Girls At{{'-}}|date=10 May 2011|first=Gary|last=Graff|work=Billboard|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|location=Detroit|accessdate=10 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/13282029|title=David Guetta employs 'investigator' over song theft|date=4 May 2011|first=Greg|last=Cochrane|work=[[Newsbeat]]|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=10 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Little Bad Girl]]&quot;, wi [[Taio Cruz]] an [[Ludacris]], wis released as the seicont single on 28 Juin 2011.&lt;ref name=beat/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Corner|first=Lewis|title=David Guetta confirms next single – Music News – Digital Spy|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a318692/david-guetta-confirms-next-single.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]]|accessdate=10 May 2011|date=10 May 2011|archive-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042835/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a318692/david-guetta-confirms-next-single.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single, &quot;Without You&quot; wi [[Usher (enterteener)|Usher]], wis released on 27 September 2011. David haes released fower promotional singles for ''Nothing But the Beat'' which war &quot;Titanium&quot; wi [[Sia Furler|Sia]] an aw, &quot;Lunar&quot; wi [[Afrojack]], &quot;Night of Your Life]&quot; wi [[Jennifer Hudson]] an The Alphabeat (song). The album featurs the hit singles &quot;Sweat&quot; wi [[Snoop Dogg]] an &quot;Turn Me On&quot; wi Nicki Minaj an aw.

An aw last year, Guetta teamit up wi Afrojack an [[Tara McDonald]] again tae release &quot;Pandemonium&quot; on his FMIF Ibiza Mix 2011 compilation throu EMI records.
&lt;ref&gt;http://www.amazon.co.uk/Pandemonium-Feat-Tara-Mc-Donald/dp/B005UVN5D8&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://open.spotify.com/track/1HKgiW8xP9rD9a3H6xqIcj&lt;/ref&gt;

Guetta performit alangside [[Nicky Romero]] an Nervo at Lunnon's [[Alexandra Palace]] on 1 Juin 2012 an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/whats-on/david-guetta|title=David Guetta|publisher=Alexandra Palace|access-date=2014-01-08|archive-date=2012-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215152200/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/whats-on/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A re-release o ''Nothing but the Beat'', titled ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0'', wis released on 7 September 2012. The first single frae the album, &quot;[[She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)]]&quot;, which saw Guetta collaborate wi Sia yet again, wis released in support o the album. The next single aff ''Nothing But The Beat 2.0'' haes been confirmed bi Guetta as &quot;[[Just One Last Time]]&quot; which features vocals frae Swadish duo [[Taped Rai]]. In 2012, Guetta made an album namit ''Nothing But The Beat: Ultimate'' an aw, which combined the twa albums ''Nothing But The Beat'' an ''Nothing But The Beat 2.0'' thegither. In Simmer 2012 David Guetta played in [[Finland]] in [[Weekend Festival]] an he wis the festival's heidliner for year 2013 an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://wknd.fi/en/artistit |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518043743/http://wknd.fi/en/artistit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single frae ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0'' is &quot;[[Play Hard]]&quot;

Nothing But the Beat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A burn Production: David Guetta 'Nothing But The Beat' - Full movie|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zheOjxEoldc&amp;list=PLwMumKvWdr5iv5PMtGEIKC3LNWwjztoi-|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a featur-lenth biographical documentar aboot David Guetta an his rise tae fame an aw, featurin mony o his collaborators, includin [[Kelly Rowland]], [[will.i.am]] an Snoop Dogg. It wis made in collaboration wi the energy drink, burn, wi whom Guetta became a buist ambassador frae 2011. Thegither wi burn, Guetta providit support an mentorin for the burn-sponsored &quot;burn studios residency&quot; program an aw&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=burn studios residency 2012 - David Guetta Masterclass|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEfeh0bQ504|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; for up-an-comin DJs.

He wrote, producit, an featurt on [[Rihanna]]'s seivent studio album, ''[[Unapologetic]]'', an acts as the support act for the European leg o her ongoin [[Diamonds World Tour]].

Guetta haes creatit a new record label kent as Jack Back Records (namit efter whom he haes collaboratit wi in the sang &quot;Wild One Two&quot;), whaur he intends tae focus anerly on electronic releases.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Interview: David Guetta talks about his electronic label &quot;Jack Back Records&quot;|url=http://www.houseplanet.dj/index.php/Interviews/Interview-David-Guetta-talks-about-his-electronic-label-Jack-Back-Records.html|work=houseplanet.dj|accessdate=13 April 2012|archive-date=2013-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118112107/http://www.houseplanet.dj/index.php/Interviews/Interview-David-Guetta-talks-about-his-electronic-label-Jack-Back-Records.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first release o this new label is his collaboration wi Nicky Romero, &quot;Metropolis&quot;, which is a track frae ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta announces new electronic label|url=http://www.inthemix.com.au/news/52523/David_Guetta_announces_new_electronic_label|work=inthemix|publisher=Katie Cunningham|date=27 March 2012|access-date=2014-01-08|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042844/http://www.inthemix.com.au/news/52523/David_Guetta_announces_new_electronic_label|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aw releases can be foond on [[Beatport]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jack Back Records|url=http://www.beatport.com/label/jack-back-records/25854|work=Beatport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whilst on tour wi Rihanna, he debuted his new track at Twickenham Stadium on 15 Juin 2013. David Guetta statit &quot;Twickenham, I hope you like this new track, it's brand new and you're the first people in the world to hear it.&quot; The single, cried &quot;Ain't a Party&quot;, an it wis released on 8 Julie 2013.&lt;ref&gt;https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/aint-party-feat.-harrison/id666048282&lt;/ref&gt; It is a collaboration atween GLOWINTHEDARK an Harrison. Guetta released the airtwirk for his new single on his Instagram profile on 19 Juin 2013.

On 26 September 2013, Guetta unveiled the muisic video for new track &quot;One Voice&quot; featurin [[Independent muisic|indie]] sangster [[Mikky Ekko]]. It wis released on 4 November as pairt o the UN's humanitarian campaign cried The World Needs More.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a518678/david-guetta-mikky-ekko-reveal-one-voice-music-video-watch.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2015-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003204014/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a518678/david-guetta-mikky-ekko-reveal-one-voice-music-video-watch.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On Lady Gaga's new album ARTPOP, he wrote an producit the sang &quot;Fashion!&quot;

He haed sangwritin an production contreibutions tae [[Britney Spears]]' aicht studio album ''[[Britney Jean]]'' an aw.

==Personal life==
[[File:David et Cathy Guetta NRJ Music Awards 2012.jpg|thumb|Guetta an his wife Cathy in Januar 2012 at the [[NRJ Music Awards]] ceremony.]]
His faither wis a restaurateur o [[Moroccan Jewish]] strynd,&lt;ref name=&quot;lexpansion&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Isabelle|url=http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/mon-moteur-c-est-la-musique-et-le-plaisir_18902.html|title=Mon moteur, c'est la musique et le plaisir|work=L'expansion.com|publisher=L'express.fr|date=1 April 2002|accessdate=29 December 2009|language=French|archive-date=2010-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206022057/http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/mon-moteur-c-est-la-musique-et-le-plaisir_18902.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an his mither is o [[Belgians|Belgian]] strynd.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clint.be/entertainment/muziek/tomorrowland-heeft-een-headliner-te-pakken-video|title=Tomorrowland heeft een headliner te pakken|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=22 September 2011|language=Dutch|trans_title=Tomorrowland has a headliner deal|quote=David Guetta, the French house, who accidentally has another important link with Belgium - his mother is Belgian|work=Clint.be|archive-date=2012-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330233709/http://www.clint.be/entertainment/muziek/tomorrowland-heeft-een-headliner-te-pakken-video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://focus.knack.be/entertainment/muziek/muzieknieuws/david-guetta-ook-dit-jaar-op-tomorrowland/article-1194956520715.htm#|title=David Guetta ook dit jaar op Tomorrowland|date=22 February 2011|accessdate=22 September 2011|language=Dutch|trans_title=David Guetta this year also in Tomorrowland|work=[[Knack (magazine)|Knack]]|archive-date=2014-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411133952/http://focus.knack.be/entertainment/muziek/muzieknieuws/david-guetta-ook-dit-jaar-op-tomorrowland/article-1194956520715.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sterrennieuws.be/nieuws/sn6266-super-dj-david-guetta-gaf-exclusieve-show-op-legendz-in-luik/|title=Super DJ David Guetta gaf exclusieve show op Legendz in Luik|date=23 oktober 2010|accessdate=22 September 2011|author=Robrecht van Goolen|language=Dutch|trans_title=DJ David Guetta gave an exclusive show at Legendz Liege|quote=...de moeder van Guetta is afkomstig van Luik.|work=Sterrennieuws}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is marriet tae socialite an nicht club manager [[Cathy Guetta]] syne 1992; thay celebratit thair 20t weddin anniversary in 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=When Love Takes Over: David Guetta renews wedding vows as he celebrates 20-year-marriage to wife Cathy|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2195113/David-Guetta-renews-vows-celebrates-20-year-marriage-wife-Cathy.html|agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; an thay hae twa childer, Tim Elvis Eric (born 9 Februar 2004) an Angie Guetta (born 23 September 2007).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Cathy et David Guetta à nouveau parents|url=http://fr.news.yahoo.com/ap/20070924/ten-celebrites-guetta-bebe-9b325ba_1.html|agency=Associated Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925085900/http://fr.news.yahoo.com/ap/20070924/ten-celebrites-guetta-bebe-9b325ba_1.html|date=24 September 2007|archivedate=2007-09-25|language=French|access-date=2014-01-08|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discografie ==
;Studio albums
* ''Just a Little More Love'' (2002)
* ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004)
* ''Pop Life'' (2007)
* ''One Love'' (2009) 
* ''One More Love'' (2010)
* ''Nothing but the Beat'' (2011)
* ''Listen'' (2014)
* ''7'' (2018)

==See an aw==
*[[Leet o awairds an nominations receivit bi David Guetta]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
* {{MySpace|davidguetta}}
* {{Twitter|davidguetta}}
* {{YouTube user|davidguetta}}
* {{IMDb name|1615892}}
* [http://shop.davidguetta.com David Guetta offeecial store] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326031000/http://shop.davidguetta.com/ |date=2012-03-26 }}
* [http://www.ultrarecords.com/artists/david-guetta/ David Guetta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317100221/http://www.ultrarecords.com/artists/david-guetta/ |date=2012-03-17 }} information at [[Ultra Records]]
* [http://www.dailymusicguide.com/Reviews/david-guetta-ft-kid-cudi-memories-single-review-03032010-0153.aspx Review of 'Memories' on the Daily Music Guide]
* {{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p572357|pure_url=yes}}|title=David Guetta biography|publisher=Allmusic|author=David Jeffries|accessdate=22 September 2008}}
* [http://www.pacha.com/html/news.php?act=view&amp;id=280 David Guetta in PACHA NEWS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316065023/http://www.pacha.com/html/news.php?act=view&amp;id=280 |date=2010-03-16 }}
* [http://beastdrops.com/index.php?drop=43 David Guetta's Aint A Party on BeastDrops]
* [{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=david guetta|chart=all}} David Guetta] at [[Billboard.com]]
* [http://www.dailymusicguide.com/Reviews/david-guetta-fergie-black-eyed-peas-lmfao-17052010-1903.aspx Review of 'Gettin Over you' on the Daily Music Guide]

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guetta, David}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Astralwerks airtists]]
[[Category:Club DJs]]
[[Category:French house muisickers]]
[[Category:French DJs]]
[[Category:French fowk o Belgian strynd]]
[[Category:French fowk o Moroccan-Jewish strynd]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Paris]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]
[[Category:French record producers]]</text>
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      <text bytes="29212" sha1="jq3ohnudkv7qmhh0c9x7pqfqlavd0s4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox muisical airtist
| name            = David Guetta
| image           = 2023-11-16 Gala de los Latin Grammy, 22 (David Guetta).jpg
| image_size      = 250px 
| caption         = David Guetta in 2023
| background      = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| Alias           = Jack Back
| birth_name      = Pierre David Guetta&lt;ref name=Pierre/&gt;
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|11|7}}
| birth_place     = [[Paris]], Fraunce
| genre           = {{hlist|[[Electro house]]|[[House muisic|house]]|[[progressive house]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[French touch]]|[[pop muisic|pop]]|[[hip house]]|Big room house}}
| occupation      = {{hlist|[[Disc jockey]]|[[muisic producer]]|[[sangwriter|sangwriter]]|[[remixer]]}}
| years_active    = 1994&amp;ndash;present
| label           = {{hlist|[[EMI|EMI Music France]]|[[Parlophone]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[Positiva Records|Positiva]]|[[Astralwerks]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|Gum Productions|Fuck Me I'm Famous Records|Jack Back Records}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Nicky Romero]]|[[Chris Willis]]|[[Kelly Rowland]]|[[Estelle (muisicker)|Estelle]]|[[Tara McDonald]]|[[Akon]]|[[Afrojack]]|[[JD Davis]]|[[Sia Furler|Sia]]|[[The Black Eyed Peas]]|[[Dwele]]|[[Taped Rai]]|[[Rihanna]]|[[Timbaland]]|[[Snoop Dogg]]|[[Nicki Minaj]]|[[Flo Rida]]|[[Dev (sangster)|Dev]]|[[Ne-Yo]]|[[Makeba Riddick|Makeba]]|[[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]]|[[Chris Brown]]|[[Lil Wayne]]|[[LMFAO]]|[[Usher (sangster)|Usher]]|[[Will.i.am]]|[[Taio Cruz]]|[[Nervo (duo)|Nervo]]|[[Lady Gaga]]|[[Ludacris]]|[[Novel (muisicker)|Novel]]|[[Ke$ha]]|[[David Bowie]]|[[Dizzee Rascal]]|[[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]|[[Kelis]]|[[Jennifer Hudson]]|[[Lil Jon]]|[[Tiësto]]|[[Calvin Harris]]|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Alesso]]|[[Kid Cudi]]|[[Madonna (enterteener)|Madonna]]|[[Fergie (sangster)|Fergie]]|[[Avicii]]|[[Armand Van Helden]]|[[Tegan and Sara]]|[[Chuckie (DJ)|Chuckie]]|[[Big Sean]]|[[Wiz Khalifa]]|[[Jessie J]]|[[Jay-Z]]|[[50 Cent]]|[[Diplo]]|[[Emeli Sandé]]|[[Mikky Ekko]]|[[JLS]]|[[Tinie Tempah]]|[[Ty Dolla $ign]]|[[B.o.B]]|[[Britney Spears]]|[[2 Chainz]]|[[T-Pain]]|[[Chris Martin]]|[[T.I.]]|[[Juicy J]]|[[Tyga]]}}
| website         = {{url|www.davidguetta.com}}
}}

'''Pierre David Guetta''' ({{IPA-fr|pjɛʁ david ɡeta}}; born 7 November 1967 in [[Paris]]), commonly kent as '''David Guetta''', is a [[French fowk|French]] [[French house|house muisic]] producer an [[disc jockey]] (DJ).&lt;ref name=Pierre&gt;{{cite web|title=ACE Title Search - Works written by: GUETTA PIERRE DAVID|url=http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&amp;mode=results&amp;searchstr=1657984&amp;search_in=c&amp;search_type=exact&amp;search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&amp;results_pp=25&amp;start=1|publisher=[[ASCAP]]|accessdate=12 August 2011|archive-date=2011-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012021019/http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&amp;mode=results&amp;searchstr=1657984&amp;search_in=c&amp;search_type=exact&amp;search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&amp;results_pp=25&amp;start=1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oreeginally a DJ at [[nichtclub]]s durin the 1980s an 1990s, he co-foondit Gum Productions an released his first album, ''Just a Little More Love'', in 2002. Later, he released ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004) an ''Pop Life'' (2007).

Guetta achievit mainstream success wi his 2009 album ''One Love'' which includit the hit singles &quot;When Love Takes Over&quot;, &quot;Gettin' Over You&quot;, &quot;[[Sexy Bitch]]&quot;, aw three o which reached #1 in the UK, an &quot;Memories&quot;. The 2011 follaeup album, ''[[Nothing but the Beat]]'', continued this success, conteenin the hit singles &quot;[[Where Them Girls At]]&quot;, &quot;[[Little Bad Girl]]&quot;, &quot;[[Without You (David Guetta song)|Without You]]&quot;, &quot;Titanium&quot; an &quot;Turn Me On&quot;.

David Guetta haes sauld ower sax million albums an 15 million singles warldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Otter|first=Charlotte|title=Music Week – Music Week – Music business magazine – F*** Me I'm Famous goes global|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&amp;storycode=1043012&amp;c=1|publisher=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=23 October 2010|date=22 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011 Guetta wis voted as the #1 DJ in the '[[DJ Magazine|DJ Mag Tap 100 DJs]]' fan poll.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loben&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Loben|first=Carl|title=DJ Mag Top 100 DJs|url=http://www.djmag.com/top100/detail/2687/1|publisher=DJ Mag|accessdate=13 February 2012|archive-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510071151/http://djmag.com/top100/detail/2687/1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Biografie==
In the mid-1990s, Guetta played in clubs includin Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, an Folies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ultra&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ultramusic.com/artist/biography-david_guetta/david-guetta|title=David Guetta|publisher=Ultra Music|accessdate=29 December 2009|archive-date=2012-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201080840/http://www.ultramusic.com/artist/biography-david_guetta/david-guetta|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MTV France&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.fr/musique/artistes/david-guetta|title=David Guetta: Bio complète|last=D'Alguerre|first=Benjamin|publisher=MTV France|language=French|accessdate=29 December 2009|archive-date=2014-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009141258/http://www.mtv.fr/musique/artistes/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Released in 1994&lt;ref name=&quot;discogs&quot;&gt;[http://www.discogs.com/artist/David+Guetta David Guetta Discography] discogs.com&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta's seicont single, a collaboration with American hoose vocalist Robert Owens titled &quot;Up &amp; Away&quot;, wis a minor club hit.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p572357|pure_url=yes}}|title=David Guetta: Biography|last=Jeffries|first=David|year=2008|accessdate=29 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1994, David Guetta became the manager o ''Le Palace'' nichtclub an he continued tae organise pairties thare an in ither clubs, sic as the &quot;Scream&quot; pairties in ''Les Bains Douches''.&lt;ref name=&quot;wantickets&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2Gf5bVpyFo |title=David Guetta Artist Profile|publisher=wantickets.com|accessdate=29 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2001–2006: ''Just a Little More Love'' an ''Guetta Blaster''===
In 2001, David Guetta alang wi [[Joachim Garraud]] foondit Gum Productions, an in the same year Guetta's first hit single, &quot;Just A Little More Love&quot;, featurin American sangster [[Chris Willis]] wis released. Willis wis vacationin in Fraunce when he met Guetta.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;/&gt; Guetta's debut album ''Just A Little More Love'' wis released in 2002 on Virgin Records an sold over 300,000 copies. The follae-up singles, (&quot;Love Don't Let Me Go&quot;, &quot;People Come People Go&quot; an &quot;Give Me Something&quot;), wur released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, ''Fuck Me I'm Famous'', in 2003, namit efter his pairty in Ibiza. It includit &quot;Just for One Day (Heroes)&quot;, a remix o [[David Bowie]]'s song &quot;Heroes&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic&quot;/&gt; Later in his career, Guetta continued recordin compilations unner that title.

Guetta's seicont album, ''Guetta Blaster'', wis released in 2004. It released fower singles: &quot;Money&quot; an &quot;Stay&quot; featurin Chris Willis an &quot;The World Is Mine&quot; an &quot;In Love With Myself&quot; featurin JD Davis. In 2006 the ''Just a Little More Love'' single &quot;Love Don't Let Me Go&quot; wis re-released as a mash-up wi the Tocadisco remix o &quot;Walking Away&quot; bi The Egg. The mash-up single entitled &quot;Love Don't Let Me Go (Walking Away)&quot; wis chairtit heicher than the oreeginal release o the sang.

===2007–09: ''Pop Life''===
In 2007, Guetta's third album ''Pop Life'' wis released. The album wis successfu in the UK an Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. Accordin tae EMI in 2010, the album haes sauld a tot o 530,000 copies warldwide. The lead single &quot;Love Is Gone&quot; reached Nummer 1 on the American Dance Chart an chairtit on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

&quot;Delirious&quot; featurt the vocals o [[Tara McDonald]] who co wrote the record an aw. The sang wis released as the album's fowert single on 31 Januar 2008. The sang chairtit #27 Austrian singles chairt, #17 Belgian (Flanders) chairt, #2 Belgian (Wallonie) singles chairt. #12 Dutch singles chairt, #16 French singles chart, #16 Swiss singles chairt, #36 Hungary singles chairt, #29 Romanie singles chairt, #51 Swadish singles chairt. The remixes o the sang, includin mixes bi Fred Rister, Marc Mysterio, [[Laidback Luke]], an Arno Cost an Norman Doray wur released. A video clip for the sang wis filmit bi Denys Thibaut in Montreal, featurin David Guetta an [[Tara McDonald]], picturin an executive assistant throwin paint aw ower her boss's office. [[Tara McDonald]] wis the iver vocalist that David Guetta iver featurt in the video clip. Tara McDonald sang &quot;You're Not Alone&quot; frae this album an aw.

He played in mony kintras aroond the warld tae promote the album. He played in Mauritius in Januar 2008, accompaniet bi French rapper [[JoeyStarr]]. In the same year, he an his wife [[Cathy Guetta|Cathy]] planned a new event which teuk place in the [[Stade de France]] on 5 Julie 2008 an aw. The event wis cried &quot;UNIGHTED&quot;, he performit wi [[Tiësto]], [[Carl Cox]], Joachim Garraud an [[Martin Solveig]] in front o a croud o 40,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unightedbycathyguetta.com/ |title=UNIGHTED Energized by Burn Intense Energy and Cathy Guetta |publisher=Unightedbycathyguetta.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717162711/http://www.unightedbycathyguetta.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2009, he wis placit third in the &quot;Top 100 DJs&quot; poll bi ''[[DJ Magazine]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.djmag.com/top100 |title=DJ Mag – Top 100 DJs |publisher=Djmag.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011 |archive-date=2009-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102052757/http://djmag.com/top100/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an wis electit &quot;Best House DJ&quot; bi DJ Awards in 2008. Syne Apryle 2009, Guetta haed his awn radio show on the internet radio station [[RauteMusik]] on Seturday fore-nicht. The show wis efterwards muivit intae [[Radio 538]], bein aired ivery Friday foreinicht efter ''[[Tiësto's Club Life]]''. Its name is ''[[DJ Mix]]''. Guetta performs a ane-hoor set o [[hoose muisic]], presentin mainly new talents inside.

===2009–2010: ''One Love'' an internaitional breakthrou===
 
David Guetta's fowert studio album, ''One Love'', wis released in August 2009. Its first single &quot;[[When Love Takes Over]]&quot;, which featurt [[Kelly Rowland]], peakit at #1 on the UK Singles Chart and topped mony ither kintras warldwide. His seicont single frae the album, &quot;[[Sexy Bitch]]&quot; featurin [[Akon]], became his seicont #1 in the UK. &quot;One Love&quot; featurin [[Estelle (muisicker)|Estelle]], &quot;[[Memories (David Guetta song)|Memories]]&quot; featurin [[Kid Cudi]], &quot;Revolver&quot; featurin [[Madonna (enterteener)|Madonna]] an [[Lil Wayne]], and &quot;[[Gettin' Over You]]&quot; featurin [[Chris Willis]], [[Fergie (sangster)|Fergie]] an [[LMFAO]] follaeed. As o Mey 2011 the album haed sauld three million copies warldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta confirms new single and album {{!}} EMI Music|url=http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2011/david-guetta-confirms-new-single-and-album/|publisher=[[EMI]]|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=5 May 2011|archive-date=2011-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605230106/http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2011/david-guetta-confirms-new-single-and-album/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta's fowert studio album ''One Love'' wis nominatit as &quot;Best Electronic/Dance Album&quot; at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]].&lt;ref name=&quot;grammy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/PDFs/GRAMMY_Awards/52nd_nominees.pdf|title= The 52nd Annual Grammy Awards Nominees List|work=[[Grammy Award]]|publisher=[[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]|format=PDF|accessdate=28 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; His sang &quot;[[When Love Takes Over]]&quot; featurin American R&amp;B sangster [[Kelly Rowland]] receivit twa nominations; Best Dance Recording an Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical, an wan the latter. Efter conflicts ower whether or no a album re-issue shoud go aheid, ''One More Love'' wis released on 29 November 2010. First single, titled &quot;Who's That Chick?&quot; featurin [[Rihanna]] wis released a few weeks prior.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rihanna-doritos-unveil-interactive-musical-experience-for-fans-worldwide-features-debut-of-new-single-whos-that-chick-105242638.html |title=Rihanna, Doritos Unveil Interactive Musical Experience for Fans Worldwide; Features Debut of New... – PLANO, Texas, 19 Oct. /PRNewswire/ |location=Texas |publisher=Prnewswire.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 16 Juin 2009, [[The Black Eyed Peas]] released the David Guetta-producit &quot;[[I Gotta Feeling]]&quot; as thair seicont single frae thair fift studio album, ''[[The E.N.D.]]''. It became a warldwide hit toppin the chairts in seiventeen kintras. It became the maist dounloadit sang o aw-time in the Unitit States wi amaist 7.5 million dounloads an in the Unitit Kinrick sellin mair nor 1 million copies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Whitworth|first=Dan|title=Black Eyed Peas set downloads record|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/10340829|date=21 June 2010|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=14 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mason|first=Kerri|title=David Guetta: Inside His Latest Hit Parade, 'Nothin But the Beat'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/467932/david-guetta-inside-his-latest-hit-parade-nothing-but-the-beat|date=15 August 2010|publisher=[[Billboard.com]]|accessdate=15 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis nominatit twice for his wirk wi [[The Black Eyed Peas]] at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]]; in the category Record o the Year for &quot;I Gotta Feeling&quot; an Album o the Year for thair album ''[[The E.N.D.]]''. In 2010, David Guetta co-wrote an producit [[Kelly Rowland]]'s &quot;Commander&quot; frae her third album ''Here I Am''. It peakit at nummer ane on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s [[Hot Dance Club Songs]] chairt in the Unitit States, an reached tap ten poseetions in Belgium an the Unitit Kinrick. Guetta haes co-producit &quot;Forever and a Day&quot;, which wis Kelly's next UK single frae that album.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Posted By: Sam |url=http://thatgrapejuice.net/2010/08/exclusive-kelly-rowland-forever-day-uk-single/ |title=Exclusive: Kelly Rowland – ‘Forever And A Day’ (New UK Single) &amp;#124; ..::That Grape Juice // ThatGrapeJuice.net::.. &amp;#124;&amp;#124; Thirsty? |publisher=Thatgrapejuice.net |date=18 August 2010 |accessdate=3 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDKOzkw3UXg&amp;feature=player_embedded# |title=YouTube – Kelly Rowland &amp;#124; Interview for Kelly's Official German site P2/2 &amp;#124; June 2010 |publisher=Youtube.com |date=29 July 2010 |accessdate=3 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta producit the singles &quot;Acapella&quot; an &quot;Scream&quot; for American sangster-sangwriter [[Kelis]]'s fift studio album, ''[[Flesh Tone]]'' an aw, released on 14 Mey 2010. &quot;Acapella&quot; wis released as the lead single on 23 Februar 2010 an toppit the dance chairts in the Unitit Kinrick an Unitit States. On 28 Juin 2010 American rapper [[Flo Rida]] released the single &quot;[[Club Can't Handle Me]]&quot; featurin David Guetta. The sang is includit on the soundtrack album tae the American 3D dance film ''[[Step Up 3D]]''.

===2011–13: ''Nothing but the Beat'' &amp; Jack Back Records===
Guetta's fift studio album, ''[[Nothing But The Beat]]'' wis released on 30 August 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta Bio, Music, News &amp; Shows|url=http://djz.com/featured_djs/david-guetta/|publisher=DJZ.com|accessdate=March 7, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329162235/http://djz.com/featured_djs/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis released as a dooble-disc album; ane disc bein vocal an the ither bein electronic.&lt;ref name=beat&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta Announces New Album &quot;Nothing But the Beat&quot; {{!}} Astralwerks|url=http://www.astralwerks.com/news/david-guetta-announces-new-album-nothing-but-the-beat/|publisher=[[Astralwerks]]|accessdate=23 June 2011|date=22 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guetta wis inspired bi rock baunds sic as [[Kings of Leon]] an [[Coldplay]] tae add rock influences tae his dance productions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]] |url=http://www.dailystar.co.uk/playlist/view/150318/David-Guetta-inspired-by-Kings-Of-Leon |title=DAVID GUETTA INSPIRED BY KINGS OF LEON |date=23 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Where Them Girls At]]&quot; featurin [[Flo Rida]] an [[Nicki Minaj]], the first single aff the album, wis released warldwide on 2 Mey 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471657/david-guetta-teams-with-flo-rida-nicki-minaj-for-where-them-girls-at|title=David Guetta Teams with Flo Rida and Nicki Minaj for 'Where Them Girls At{{'-}}|date=10 May 2011|first=Gary|last=Graff|work=Billboard|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|location=Detroit|accessdate=10 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/13282029|title=David Guetta employs 'investigator' over song theft|date=4 May 2011|first=Greg|last=Cochrane|work=[[Newsbeat]]|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=10 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Little Bad Girl]]&quot;, wi [[Taio Cruz]] an [[Ludacris]], wis released as the seicont single on 28 Juin 2011.&lt;ref name=beat/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Corner|first=Lewis|title=David Guetta confirms next single – Music News – Digital Spy|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a318692/david-guetta-confirms-next-single.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]]|accessdate=10 May 2011|date=10 May 2011|archive-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042835/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a318692/david-guetta-confirms-next-single.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single, &quot;Without You&quot; wi [[Usher (enterteener)|Usher]], wis released on 27 September 2011. David haes released fower promotional singles for ''Nothing But the Beat'' which war &quot;Titanium&quot; wi [[Sia Furler|Sia]] an aw, &quot;Lunar&quot; wi [[Afrojack]], &quot;Night of Your Life]&quot; wi [[Jennifer Hudson]] an The Alphabeat (song). The album featurs the hit singles &quot;Sweat&quot; wi [[Snoop Dogg]] an &quot;Turn Me On&quot; wi Nicki Minaj an aw.

An aw last year, Guetta teamit up wi Afrojack an [[Tara McDonald]] again tae release &quot;Pandemonium&quot; on his FMIF Ibiza Mix 2011 compilation throu EMI records.
&lt;ref&gt;http://www.amazon.co.uk/Pandemonium-Feat-Tara-Mc-Donald/dp/B005UVN5D8&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://open.spotify.com/track/1HKgiW8xP9rD9a3H6xqIcj&lt;/ref&gt;

Guetta performit alangside [[Nicky Romero]] an Nervo at Lunnon's [[Alexandra Palace]] on 1 Juin 2012 an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/whats-on/david-guetta|title=David Guetta|publisher=Alexandra Palace|access-date=2014-01-08|archive-date=2012-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215152200/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/whats-on/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A re-release o ''Nothing but the Beat'', titled ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0'', wis released on 7 September 2012. The first single frae the album, &quot;[[She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)]]&quot;, which saw Guetta collaborate wi Sia yet again, wis released in support o the album. The next single aff ''Nothing But The Beat 2.0'' haes been confirmed bi Guetta as &quot;[[Just One Last Time]]&quot; which features vocals frae Swadish duo [[Taped Rai]]. In 2012, Guetta made an album namit ''Nothing But The Beat: Ultimate'' an aw, which combined the twa albums ''Nothing But The Beat'' an ''Nothing But The Beat 2.0'' thegither. In Simmer 2012 David Guetta played in [[Finland]] in [[Weekend Festival]] an he wis the festival's heidliner for year 2013 an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://wknd.fi/en/artistit |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518043743/http://wknd.fi/en/artistit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single frae ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0'' is &quot;[[Play Hard]]&quot;

Nothing But the Beat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A burn Production: David Guetta 'Nothing But The Beat' - Full movie|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zheOjxEoldc&amp;list=PLwMumKvWdr5iv5PMtGEIKC3LNWwjztoi-|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a featur-lenth biographical documentar aboot David Guetta an his rise tae fame an aw, featurin mony o his collaborators, includin [[Kelly Rowland]], [[will.i.am]] an Snoop Dogg. It wis made in collaboration wi the energy drink, burn, wi whom Guetta became a buist ambassador frae 2011. Thegither wi burn, Guetta providit support an mentorin for the burn-sponsored &quot;burn studios residency&quot; program an aw&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=burn studios residency 2012 - David Guetta Masterclass|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEfeh0bQ504|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; for up-an-comin DJs.

He wrote, producit, an featurt on [[Rihanna]]'s seivent studio album, ''[[Unapologetic]]'', an acts as the support act for the European leg o her ongoin [[Diamonds World Tour]].

Guetta haes creatit a new record label kent as Jack Back Records (namit efter whom he haes collaboratit wi in the sang &quot;Wild One Two&quot;), whaur he intends tae focus anerly on electronic releases.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Interview: David Guetta talks about his electronic label &quot;Jack Back Records&quot;|url=http://www.houseplanet.dj/index.php/Interviews/Interview-David-Guetta-talks-about-his-electronic-label-Jack-Back-Records.html|work=houseplanet.dj|accessdate=13 April 2012|archive-date=2013-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118112107/http://www.houseplanet.dj/index.php/Interviews/Interview-David-Guetta-talks-about-his-electronic-label-Jack-Back-Records.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first release o this new label is his collaboration wi Nicky Romero, &quot;Metropolis&quot;, which is a track frae ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=David Guetta announces new electronic label|url=http://www.inthemix.com.au/news/52523/David_Guetta_announces_new_electronic_label|work=inthemix|publisher=Katie Cunningham|date=27 March 2012|access-date=2014-01-08|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042844/http://www.inthemix.com.au/news/52523/David_Guetta_announces_new_electronic_label|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aw releases can be foond on [[Beatport]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Jack Back Records|url=http://www.beatport.com/label/jack-back-records/25854|work=Beatport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whilst on tour wi Rihanna, he debuted his new track at Twickenham Stadium on 15 Juin 2013. David Guetta statit &quot;Twickenham, I hope you like this new track, it's brand new and you're the first people in the world to hear it.&quot; The single, cried &quot;Ain't a Party&quot;, an it wis released on 8 Julie 2013.&lt;ref&gt;https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/aint-party-feat.-harrison/id666048282&lt;/ref&gt; It is a collaboration atween GLOWINTHEDARK an Harrison. Guetta released the airtwirk for his new single on his Instagram profile on 19 Juin 2013.

On 26 September 2013, Guetta unveiled the muisic video for new track &quot;One Voice&quot; featurin [[Independent muisic|indie]] sangster [[Mikky Ekko]]. It wis released on 4 November as pairt o the UN's humanitarian campaign cried The World Needs More.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a518678/david-guetta-mikky-ekko-reveal-one-voice-music-video-watch.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2015-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003204014/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a518678/david-guetta-mikky-ekko-reveal-one-voice-music-video-watch.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On Lady Gaga's new album ARTPOP, he wrote an producit the sang &quot;Fashion!&quot;

He haed sangwritin an production contreibutions tae [[Britney Spears]]' aicht studio album ''[[Britney Jean]]'' an aw.

==Personal life==
[[File:David et Cathy Guetta NRJ Music Awards 2012.jpg|thumb|Guetta an his wife Cathy in Januar 2012 at the [[NRJ Music Awards]] ceremony.]]
His faither wis a restaurateur o [[Moroccan Jewish]] strynd,&lt;ref name=&quot;lexpansion&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Isabelle|url=http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/mon-moteur-c-est-la-musique-et-le-plaisir_18902.html|title=Mon moteur, c'est la musique et le plaisir|work=L'expansion.com|publisher=L'express.fr|date=1 April 2002|accessdate=29 December 2009|language=French|archive-date=2010-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206022057/http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/mon-moteur-c-est-la-musique-et-le-plaisir_18902.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an his mither is o [[Belgians|Belgian]] strynd.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clint.be/entertainment/muziek/tomorrowland-heeft-een-headliner-te-pakken-video|title=Tomorrowland heeft een headliner te pakken|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=22 September 2011|language=Dutch|trans_title=Tomorrowland has a headliner deal|quote=David Guetta, the French house, who accidentally has another important link with Belgium - his mother is Belgian|work=Clint.be|archive-date=2012-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330233709/http://www.clint.be/entertainment/muziek/tomorrowland-heeft-een-headliner-te-pakken-video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://focus.knack.be/entertainment/muziek/muzieknieuws/david-guetta-ook-dit-jaar-op-tomorrowland/article-1194956520715.htm#|title=David Guetta ook dit jaar op Tomorrowland|date=22 February 2011|accessdate=22 September 2011|language=Dutch|trans_title=David Guetta this year also in Tomorrowland|work=[[Knack (magazine)|Knack]]|archive-date=2014-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411133952/http://focus.knack.be/entertainment/muziek/muzieknieuws/david-guetta-ook-dit-jaar-op-tomorrowland/article-1194956520715.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sterrennieuws.be/nieuws/sn6266-super-dj-david-guetta-gaf-exclusieve-show-op-legendz-in-luik/|title=Super DJ David Guetta gaf exclusieve show op Legendz in Luik|date=23 oktober 2010|accessdate=22 September 2011|author=Robrecht van Goolen|language=Dutch|trans_title=DJ David Guetta gave an exclusive show at Legendz Liege|quote=...de moeder van Guetta is afkomstig van Luik.|work=Sterrennieuws}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is marriet tae socialite an nicht club manager [[Cathy Guetta]] syne 1992; thay celebratit thair 20t weddin anniversary in 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=When Love Takes Over: David Guetta renews wedding vows as he celebrates 20-year-marriage to wife Cathy|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2195113/David-Guetta-renews-vows-celebrates-20-year-marriage-wife-Cathy.html|agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; an thay hae twa childer, Tim Elvis Eric (born 9 Februar 2004) an Angie Guetta (born 23 September 2007).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Cathy et David Guetta à nouveau parents|url=http://fr.news.yahoo.com/ap/20070924/ten-celebrites-guetta-bebe-9b325ba_1.html|agency=Associated Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925085900/http://fr.news.yahoo.com/ap/20070924/ten-celebrites-guetta-bebe-9b325ba_1.html|date=24 September 2007|archivedate=2007-09-25|language=French|access-date=2014-01-08|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discografie ==
;Studio albums
* ''Just a Little More Love'' (2002)
* ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004)
* ''Pop Life'' (2007)
* ''One Love'' (2009) 
* ''One More Love'' (2010)
* ''Nothing but the Beat'' (2011)
* ''Listen'' (2014)
* ''7'' (2018)

==See an aw==
*[[Leet o awairds an nominations receivit bi David Guetta]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
* {{MySpace|davidguetta}}
* {{Twitter|davidguetta}}
* {{YouTube user|davidguetta}}
* {{IMDb name|1615892}}
* [http://shop.davidguetta.com David Guetta offeecial store] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326031000/http://shop.davidguetta.com/ |date=2012-03-26 }}
* [http://www.ultrarecords.com/artists/david-guetta/ David Guetta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317100221/http://www.ultrarecords.com/artists/david-guetta/ |date=2012-03-17 }} information at [[Ultra Records]]
* [http://www.dailymusicguide.com/Reviews/david-guetta-ft-kid-cudi-memories-single-review-03032010-0153.aspx Review of 'Memories' on the Daily Music Guide]
* {{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p572357|pure_url=yes}}|title=David Guetta biography|publisher=Allmusic|author=David Jeffries|accessdate=22 September 2008}}
* [http://www.pacha.com/html/news.php?act=view&amp;id=280 David Guetta in PACHA NEWS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316065023/http://www.pacha.com/html/news.php?act=view&amp;id=280 |date=2010-03-16 }}
* [http://beastdrops.com/index.php?drop=43 David Guetta's Aint A Party on BeastDrops]
* [{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=david guetta|chart=all}} David Guetta] at [[Billboard.com]]
* [http://www.dailymusicguide.com/Reviews/david-guetta-fergie-black-eyed-peas-lmfao-17052010-1903.aspx Review of 'Gettin Over you' on the Daily Music Guide]

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guetta, David}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Astralwerks airtists]]
[[Category:Club DJs]]
[[Category:French house muisickers]]
[[Category:French DJs]]
[[Category:French fowk o Belgian strynd]]
[[Category:French fowk o Moroccan-Jewish strynd]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Paris]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]
[[Category:French record producers]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Beyoncé</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>921543</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:31:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="11844" sha1="736dqrh7nii40t9p4428maj37wy19r5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Beyoncé
| image = Beyoncé at The Lion King European Premiere 2019.png
| image_size = 
| caption = Beyoncé, 2019
| alias = Sasha Fierce,&lt;!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Sasha Fierce is the name of Knowles' alter-ego. This name therefore is an alias per [[Template:Infobox Musical artist#Alias]].--&gt; Third Ward Trill&lt;!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Credited under this name on Jay-Z's album, &quot;Magna Carta... Holy Grail&quot;, on the tracks &quot;Tom Ford&quot; and &quot;BBC&quot;.--&gt;
| birth_name= Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1981|9|4}}
| birth_place = [[Houston]], Texas, US
| residence = New York Ceety, New York, US
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer
* actress
}}
| net_worth = {{increase}} US $350 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Alice|title=The 10 women who made Beyonce|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopmusic/10091698/The-10-women-who-made-Beyonce.html|accessdate=September 25, 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=May 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| years_active = 1997–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Jay-Z]]|4 April 2008}}
| children 3
| website = {{URL|http://beyonce.com|beyonce.com}}
| module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer &lt;!-- mandatory field --&gt;
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
* [[Pop muisic|pop]]
* [[Soul muisic|soul]]
}}
| label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Destiny's Child]]
* [[Jay-Z]]
* [[Solange Knowles]]
}}
}}
}}

'''Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/|title=Beyonce Knowles' name change|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=December 23, 2009|accessdate=March 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; simply kent as '''Beyoncé''', ({{IPA-en|biˈjɒnseɪ|}} {{respell|bee|YON|say}}; born 4 September 1981)&lt;ref name=&quot;Born to be a Star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |last=Adams |first=Guy |title=Beyoncé: Born to be a star |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=February 6, 2010 |accessdate=January 9, 2011 |archive-date=2018-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220026/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 6, 2013|year=2013|issue=1275|page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a American sangster an actress.

A sel-described &quot;modren-day [[Feminism|feminist]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Cubarrubia|first=RJ|title=Beyonce Calls Herself a 'Modern-Day Feminist'|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beyonce-calls-herself-a-modern-day-feminist-20130403|publisher=''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]''|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Knowles' sangs is aften characterised bi themes sic as luve, relationships an monogamy, as weel as female sexuality an empouerment. On stage, her dynamic, hiely-choreographed performances haes led tae creetics hailin her as ane o the best enterteeners in contemporar popular muisic. Oot-throu a career raxin 16 year, she haes wan 17 Grammy Awards an sauld ower 118&amp;nbsp;million records as a solo airtist&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|publisher=[[CBS]]|accessdate=August 4, 2013|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an 60&amp;nbsp;million wi Destiny's Child,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Beyoncé and Destiny’s Child to Release Original Track for First Time in Eight Years|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|publisher=''TIME''|accessdate=March 24, 2013|archive-date=2018-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101165110/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; makkin her ane o the best-sellin muisic airtists o aw time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/chartbeat/474549/ask-billboard-the-twitter-sized-edition|title=Ask Billboard: The Twitter-Sized Edition — Chart Beat|work=Billboard|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hamlin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|accessdate=January 10, 2013|publisher=[[CBS]]|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Recording Industry Association of America]] recognised Knowles as the Top Certified Artist in America durin the 2000s decade.&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAADecade1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |title=Beyoncé Tops Decade's RIAA Sales |work=Billboard |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654L74M9o?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/news/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAADecade2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Lamy Johnathan |author2=Cara Duckworth |author3=Liz Kennedy |url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |title=RIAA Tallies the Decade's Top Gold and Platinum Award Winners |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654LDUPGr?url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2009, ''Billboard'' named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade,&lt;ref name=&quot;RadioSongsArtist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&amp;begin=41&amp;order=position#/charts-decade-end/radio-songs-artists?year=2009 |title=Radio Songs Artists of the Decade |work=Billboard |accessdate=October 20, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915045919/http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&amp;begin=41&amp;order=position#/charts-decade-end/radio-songs-artists?year=2009 |archivedate=2012-09-15 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; the Top Female Artist of the 2000s an their Artist of the Millennium in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266420/artists-of-the-decade|title=Artist of the Decade|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=March 12, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Barshad|first=Amos|title=Beyoncé Crushes at the Billboard Music Awards|url=http://www.vulture.com/2011/05/beyonc_crushes_at_the_billboar.html|accessdate=July 25, 2013|newspaper=[[Vulture]]|date=May 23, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, she wis includit in ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' magazine's list o the 100 maist influential fowk in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The 2013 TIME 100|url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|publisher=Time|accessdate=16 December 2013|archive-date=2015-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814190314/http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Filmografie==
{{Main|Beyoncé Knowles videografie}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Year !! | Film !! | Role
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Carmen: A Hip Hopera]]'' || {{sortname|Carmen|Brown|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Austin Powers in Goldmember]]'' || {{sortname|Foxxy|Cleopatra|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2003 || ''[[The Fighting Temptations]]'' || Lilly
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'' || Xania
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' || {{sortname|Deena|Jones|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Cadillac Records]]'' || {{sortname|Etta|James}}
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!: Wubb Idol]]'' || Shine*
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Obsessed (2009 film)|Obsessed]]'' || {{sortname|Sharon|Charles|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Life Is But a Dream]]'' || Hersel (biopic)
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Epic (film)|Epic]]'' || {{sortname|Queen|Tara|nolink=1}}*
|}
:&lt;small&gt;(*) designated a [[voice acting]] role&lt;/small&gt;

== Albums ==
* Dangerously in Love (2003)
* B'Day (2006)
* I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008)
* 4 (2011)
* Beyoncé (2013)
* Lemonade (2016)
* Renaissance (2022)

==Tours and residency shows==
{{Main|List of Beyoncé Knowles performances}}

;Concert tours
* [[Dangerously in Love Tour]] (2003)
* [[Verizon Ladies First Tour]] (2004)
* [[The Beyoncé Experience]] (2007)
* [[I Am... World Tour]] (2009–2010)
* [[The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour]] (2013–2014)

;Residency shows
* [[I Am... Yours]] (2009)
* [[4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé]] (2011)
* [[Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live]] (2012)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website|http://www.beyonce.com}}
* {{Tumblr|beyonce|Beyoncé Knowles}}
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p349078|label=Beyoncé}}
* {{Discogs artist|Beyoncé|Beyoncé}}
* {{IMDb name|461498|Beyoncé}}
* [http://www.allrovi.com/name/beyonc%C3%A9-knowles-mn0000055375 Beyoncé Knowles]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[AllRovi]]
* [http://soundcloud.com/beyoncemusic Beyoncé] at [[SoundCloud]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beyonce}}
[[Category:Beyoncé| ]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:20t-century American sangsters]]
[[Category:21st-century American sangsters]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Houston]]
[[Category:African-American businessweemen]]
[[Category:African-American choreographers]]
[[Category:African-American dancers]]
[[Category:African-American fashion designers]]
[[Category:African-American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:African-American film directors]]
[[Category:African-American film producers]]
[[Category:African-American Methodists]]
[[Category:African-American record producers]]
[[Category:American businessfowk in retailin]]
[[Category:American cosmetics businessfowk]]
[[Category:American fashion businessfowk]]
[[Category:American female pop sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American hip hop record producers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American mezzo-sopranos]]
[[Category:American muisic publishers (fowk)]]
[[Category:American muisic video directors]]
[[Category:American fowk o Acadie strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Creole strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o French strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native American strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:American vyce actresses]]
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:Columbia Records airtists]]
[[Category:Destiny's Child members]]
[[Category:Female muisic video directors]]
[[Category:Feminist muisickers]]
[[Category:Film directors frae Texas]]
[[Category:Gold Star Records airtists]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Jay-Z]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Louisiana Creole fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Texas]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Houston, Texas]]
[[Category:Muisic video codirectors]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Sony/ATV Music Publishing airtists]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Texas]]
[[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:United Methodists]]
[[Category:Weemen film directors]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921544</id>
      <parentid>921543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:33:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replaced a deid ref</comment>
      <origin>921544</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="11583" sha1="azshc7zkt42717y3h5jgvj3vlmw24lh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Beyoncé
| image = Beyoncé at The Lion King European Premiere 2019.png
| image_size = 
| caption = Beyoncé, 2019
| alias = Sasha Fierce,&lt;!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Sasha Fierce is the name of Knowles' alter-ego. This name therefore is an alias per [[Template:Infobox Musical artist#Alias]].--&gt; Third Ward Trill&lt;!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Credited under this name on Jay-Z's album, &quot;Magna Carta... Holy Grail&quot;, on the tracks &quot;Tom Ford&quot; and &quot;BBC&quot;.--&gt;
| birth_name= Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1981|9|4}}
| birth_place = [[Houston]], Texas, US
| residence = New York Ceety, New York, US
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer
* actress
}}
| net_worth = {{increase}} US $350 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Alice|title=The 10 women who made Beyonce|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopmusic/10091698/The-10-women-who-made-Beyonce.html|accessdate=September 25, 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=May 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| years_active = 1997–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Jay-Z]]|4 April 2008}}
| children 3
| website = {{URL|http://beyonce.com|beyonce.com}}
| module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer &lt;!-- mandatory field --&gt;
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
* [[Pop muisic|pop]]
* [[Soul muisic|soul]]
}}
| label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Destiny's Child]]
* [[Jay-Z]]
* [[Solange Knowles]]
}}
}}
}}

'''Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/|title=Beyonce Knowles' name change|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=December 23, 2009|accessdate=March 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; simply kent as '''Beyoncé''', ({{IPA-en|biˈjɒnseɪ|}} {{respell|bee|YON|say}}; born 4 September 1981)&lt;ref name=&quot;Born to be a Star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |last=Adams |first=Guy |title=Beyoncé: Born to be a star |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=February 6, 2010 |accessdate=January 9, 2011 |archive-date=2018-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220026/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 6, 2013|year=2013|issue=1275|page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a American sangster an actress.

A sel-described &quot;modren-day [[Feminism|feminist]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Cubarrubia|first=RJ|title=Beyonce Calls Herself a 'Modern-Day Feminist'|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beyonce-calls-herself-a-modern-day-feminist-20130403|publisher=''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]''|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Knowles' sangs is aften characterised bi themes sic as luve, relationships an monogamy, as weel as female sexuality an empouerment. On stage, her dynamic, hiely-choreographed performances haes led tae creetics hailin her as ane o the best enterteeners in contemporar popular muisic. Oot-throu a career raxin 16 year, she haes wan 17 Grammy Awards an sauld ower 118&amp;nbsp;million records as a solo airtist&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|publisher=[[CBS]]|accessdate=August 4, 2013|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an 60&amp;nbsp;million wi Destiny's Child,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Beyoncé and Destiny’s Child to Release Original Track for First Time in Eight Years|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|publisher=''TIME''|accessdate=March 24, 2013|archive-date=2018-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101165110/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; makkin her ane o the best-sellin muisic airtists o aw time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/chartbeat/474549/ask-billboard-the-twitter-sized-edition|title=Ask Billboard: The Twitter-Sized Edition — Chart Beat|work=Billboard|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hamlin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|accessdate=January 10, 2013|publisher=[[CBS]]|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Recording Industry Association of America]] recognised Knowles as the Top Certified Artist in America durin the 2000s decade.&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAADecade1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |title=Beyoncé Tops Decade's RIAA Sales |work=Billboard |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654L74M9o?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/news/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAADecade2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Lamy Johnathan |author2=Cara Duckworth |author3=Liz Kennedy |url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |title=RIAA Tallies the Decade's Top Gold and Platinum Award Winners |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654LDUPGr?url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2009, ''Billboard'' named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-09-04|title=From Grammys To Record Breaking, We Look Back At Beyoncé’s Best Achievements|url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/celebrity/news/beyonce-birthday-record-breaking-achievements/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=Grazia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Top Female Artist of the 2000s an their Artist of the Millennium in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266420/artists-of-the-decade|title=Artist of the Decade|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=March 12, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Barshad|first=Amos|title=Beyoncé Crushes at the Billboard Music Awards|url=http://www.vulture.com/2011/05/beyonc_crushes_at_the_billboar.html|accessdate=July 25, 2013|newspaper=[[Vulture]]|date=May 23, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, she wis includit in ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' magazine's list o the 100 maist influential fowk in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The 2013 TIME 100|url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|publisher=Time|accessdate=16 December 2013|archive-date=2015-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814190314/http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Filmografie==
{{Main|Beyoncé Knowles videografie}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Year !! | Film !! | Role
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Carmen: A Hip Hopera]]'' || {{sortname|Carmen|Brown|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Austin Powers in Goldmember]]'' || {{sortname|Foxxy|Cleopatra|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2003 || ''[[The Fighting Temptations]]'' || Lilly
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'' || Xania
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' || {{sortname|Deena|Jones|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Cadillac Records]]'' || {{sortname|Etta|James}}
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!: Wubb Idol]]'' || Shine*
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Obsessed (2009 film)|Obsessed]]'' || {{sortname|Sharon|Charles|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Life Is But a Dream]]'' || Hersel (biopic)
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Epic (film)|Epic]]'' || {{sortname|Queen|Tara|nolink=1}}*
|}
:&lt;small&gt;(*) designated a [[voice acting]] role&lt;/small&gt;

== Albums ==
* Dangerously in Love (2003)
* B'Day (2006)
* I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008)
* 4 (2011)
* Beyoncé (2013)
* Lemonade (2016)
* Renaissance (2022)

==Tours and residency shows==
{{Main|List of Beyoncé Knowles performances}}

;Concert tours
* [[Dangerously in Love Tour]] (2003)
* [[Verizon Ladies First Tour]] (2004)
* [[The Beyoncé Experience]] (2007)
* [[I Am... World Tour]] (2009–2010)
* [[The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour]] (2013–2014)

;Residency shows
* [[I Am... Yours]] (2009)
* [[4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé]] (2011)
* [[Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live]] (2012)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website|http://www.beyonce.com}}
* {{Tumblr|beyonce|Beyoncé Knowles}}
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p349078|label=Beyoncé}}
* {{Discogs artist|Beyoncé|Beyoncé}}
* {{IMDb name|461498|Beyoncé}}
* [http://www.allrovi.com/name/beyonc%C3%A9-knowles-mn0000055375 Beyoncé Knowles]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[AllRovi]]
* [http://soundcloud.com/beyoncemusic Beyoncé] at [[SoundCloud]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beyonce}}
[[Category:Beyoncé| ]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:20t-century American sangsters]]
[[Category:21st-century American sangsters]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Houston]]
[[Category:African-American businessweemen]]
[[Category:African-American choreographers]]
[[Category:African-American dancers]]
[[Category:African-American fashion designers]]
[[Category:African-American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:African-American film directors]]
[[Category:African-American film producers]]
[[Category:African-American Methodists]]
[[Category:African-American record producers]]
[[Category:American businessfowk in retailin]]
[[Category:American cosmetics businessfowk]]
[[Category:American fashion businessfowk]]
[[Category:American female pop sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American hip hop record producers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American mezzo-sopranos]]
[[Category:American muisic publishers (fowk)]]
[[Category:American muisic video directors]]
[[Category:American fowk o Acadie strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Creole strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o French strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native American strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:American vyce actresses]]
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:Columbia Records airtists]]
[[Category:Destiny's Child members]]
[[Category:Female muisic video directors]]
[[Category:Feminist muisickers]]
[[Category:Film directors frae Texas]]
[[Category:Gold Star Records airtists]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Jay-Z]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Louisiana Creole fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Texas]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Houston, Texas]]
[[Category:Muisic video codirectors]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Sony/ATV Music Publishing airtists]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Texas]]
[[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:United Methodists]]
[[Category:Weemen film directors]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]</text>
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| clubname    = Necaxa
| current     = 2024-25 Club Necaxa season
| image       = 
| fullname    = Club Necaxa
| nickname    = {{unbulleted list
|''Rayos'' (Bolts)
|''Los Electricistas'' (The Electricians)
|''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites)
|''Los Once Hermanos'' (Eleiven Brithers)
|''El Equipo de la Década'' (The Team o the Decade)
}}
| founded     = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1923|8|21}}
| ground      = [[Estadio Victoria]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]], [[Aguascalientes]]
| capacity    = 25,500
| owner       = Ernesto Tinajero&lt;br&gt;Guillermo Cantú
| chairman    = Yon de Luisa
| manager     = [[González Bejarano]]
| league      = [[Ascenso MX]]
| season = Apertura 2013
| position = '''2nt''' ('''Feenalist''')
| Web         = http://www.necaxafutbol.com/
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'''Club Necaxa''' is a Mexican [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in the ceety o [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]]. It plays in the [[Estadio Victoria]]. Necaxa is rankit seivent oweraw an first in rankin in Mexican fitbaw athin the [[IFFHS]] Central an North Americae's Clubs of the Century in the [[CONCACAF]], ahint CD Saprissa San Juan de Tibás o Costa Rica. Efter bein relegatit frae the Primera División de México (nou cried [[Liga MX]]), the club began tae play in the [[Ascenso MX]], the seicont level o the Mexican fitbaw league pyramid. Necaxa is a nan membership-based club, wi mair nor 35,000 members ootside Mexico.

==Honours==

===Domestic===
'''Amateur era'''

*'''[[Primera Fuerza]]: 4'''
::1932-33, 1934-35, 1936-37, 1937-38

*'''[[Copa México]]: 4'''
::1924-25, 1925-26, 1932-33, 1935-36
*'''Runner up 2'''
::1939-40, 1940-41

*'''[[Campeón de Campeones]]: 2'''
::1932-33, 1935-36

*'''[[Campeonísimo]]: 2'''
::1932-33, 1934-35

'''Profeesional Era'''

*'''[[Liga MX]]: 3'''
::1994-95, 1995-96, Invierno 98

*'''[[Ascenso MX]]: 2'''
::Clausura 2009, Bicentenario 2010

*'''[[Campeón de Ascenso]]: 1'''
::2009-2010

*'''[[Copa México]]: 3'''
::1959-60, 1965-66, 1994-95

*'''[[Campeón de Campeones]]: 2'''
::1965-1966, 1994-1995

===Internaitional toornaments===
*'''[[Central American and Caribbean Games]]: 1'''
::1935

*'''[[CONCACAF Champions' Cup]]: 2'''
::1975 (as Atlético Español), 1999

*'''[[InterLiga]]: 1'''
::2007
 
*'''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]: 0'''
::3rd place - [[2000 FIFA Club Warld Championship|2000]]

*'''[[CONCACAF Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1'''
::[[CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1994|1994]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* La serie Mexico Nuevo Siglo: ''Rueda de la Fortuna'' Los Rayos
* Juan Cid y Mulet: Libro de Oro del Fútbol Mexicano - Tomo 2
* http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/editoriales/carlos-calderon/2011/08/el-partido-que-duro-4-horas
* IFFHS All-Time Club World Ranking

==Fan clubs==
*Sobredosis Albirroja &quot;The Red and the White Overdose&quot;
*Comando Rojiblanco
*La Popular

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.clubnecaxa.com/   Necaxa FanZine!! website (Español/Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907222218/http://clubnecaxa.com/ |date=2013-09-07 }}
*[http://www.necaxafutbol.com/ Official website (Español/English/日本語 )] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225145858/http://necaxafutbol.com/ |date=2010-02-25 }}

{{CONCACAF Champions League Winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Necaxa}}
[[Category:Club Necaxa| ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Aguascalientes]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]]
[[Category:Ascenso MX teams]]
[[Category:Liga MX teams]]
[[Category:1923 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:Primera Fuerza]]</text>
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| current     = 2024-25 Club Necaxa season
| image       = 
| fullname    = Club Necaxa
| nickname    = {{unbulleted list
|''Rayos'' (Bolts)
|''Los Electricistas'' (The Electricians)
|''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites)
|''Los Once Hermanos'' (Eleiven Brithers)
|''El Equipo de la Década'' (The Team o the Decade)
}}
| founded     = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1923|8|21}}
| ground      = [[Estadio Victoria]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]], [[Aguascalientes]]
| capacity    = 25,500
| owner       = Ernesto Tinajero&lt;br&gt;Guillermo Cantú
| chairman    = Yon de Luisa
| manager     = [[González Bejarano]]
| league      = [[Ascenso MX]]
| season = Apertura 2013
| position = '''2nt''' ('''Feenalist''')
| Web         = http://www.necaxafutbol.com/
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'''Club Necaxa''' is a Mexican [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in the ceety o [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]]. It plays in the [[Estadio Victoria]]. Necaxa is rankit seivent oweraw an first in rankin in Mexican fitbaw athin the [[IFFHS]] Central an North Americae's Clubs of the Century in the [[CONCACAF]], ahint CD Saprissa San Juan de Tibás o Costa Rica. Efter bein relegatit frae the Primera División de México (nou cried [[Liga MX]]), the club began tae play in the [[Ascenso MX]], the seicont level o the Mexican fitbaw league pyramid. Necaxa is a nan membership-based club, wi mair nor 35,000 members ootside Mexico.

==Honours==

===Domestic===
'''Amateur era'''

*'''[[Primera Fuerza]]: 4'''
::1932-33, 1934-35, 1936-37, 1937-38

*'''[[Copa México]]: 4'''
::1924-25, 1925-26, 1932-33, 1935-36
*'''Runner up 2'''
::1939-40, 1940-41

*'''[[Campeón de Campeones]]: 2'''
::1932-33, 1935-36

*'''[[Campeonísimo]]: 2'''
::1932-33, 1934-35

'''Profeesional Era'''

*'''[[Liga MX]]: 3'''
::1994-95, 1995-96, Invierno 98

*'''[[Ascenso MX]]: 2'''
::Clausura 2009, Bicentenario 2010

*'''[[Campeón de Ascenso]]: 1'''
::2009-2010

*'''[[Copa México]]: 3'''
::1959-60, 1965-66, 1994-95

*'''[[Campeón de Campeones]]: 2'''
::1965-1966, 1994-1995

===Internaitional toornaments===
*'''[[Central American and Caribbean Games]]: 1'''
::1935

*'''[[CONCACAF Champions' Cup]]: 2'''
::1975 (as Atlético Español), 1999

*'''[[InterLiga]]: 1'''
::2007
 
*'''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]: 0'''
::3rd place - [[2000 FIFA Club Warld Championship|2000]]

*'''[[CONCACAF Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1'''
::[[CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1994|1994]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* La serie Mexico Nuevo Siglo: ''Rueda de la Fortuna'' Los Rayos
* Juan Cid y Mulet: Libro de Oro del Fútbol Mexicano - Tomo 2
* http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/editoriales/carlos-calderon/2011/08/el-partido-que-duro-4-horas
* IFFHS All-Time Club World Ranking

==Fan clubs==
*Sobredosis Albirroja &quot;The Red and the White Overdose&quot;
*Comando Rojiblanco
*La Popular

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.clubnecaxa.com/   Necaxa FanZine!! website (Español/Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907222218/http://clubnecaxa.com/ |date=2013-09-07 }}
*[http://www.necaxafutbol.com/ Official website (Español/English/日本語 )] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225145858/http://necaxafutbol.com/ |date=2010-02-25 }}

{{CONCACAF Champions League Winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Necaxa}}
[[Category:Club Necaxa| ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Aguascalientes]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]]
[[Category:Ascenso MX teams]]
[[Category:Liga MX teams]]
[[Category:1923 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:Primera Fuerza]]</text>
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| clubname    = Necaxa
| current     = 2024-25 Club Necaxa season
| fullname    = Club Necaxa
| nickname    = {{unbulleted list
|''Rayos'' (Bolts)
|''Los Electricistas'' (The Electricians)
|''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites)
|''Los Once Hermanos'' (Eleiven Brithers)
|''El Equipo de la Década'' (The Team o the Decade)
}}
| founded     = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1923|8|21}}
| ground      = [[Estadio Victoria]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]], [[Aguascalientes]]
| capacity    = 25,500
| owner       = Ernesto Tinajero&lt;br&gt;Guillermo Cantú
| chairman    = Yon de Luisa
| manager     = [[González Bejarano]]
| league      = [[Ascenso MX]]
| season = Apertura 2013
| position = '''2nt''' ('''Feenalist''')
| Web         = http://www.necaxafutbol.com/
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'''Club Necaxa''' is a Mexican [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in the ceety o [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]]. It plays in the [[Estadio Victoria]]. Necaxa is rankit seivent oweraw an first in rankin in Mexican fitbaw athin the [[IFFHS]] Central an North Americae's Clubs of the Century in the [[CONCACAF]], ahint CD Saprissa San Juan de Tibás o Costa Rica. Efter bein relegatit frae the Primera División de México (nou cried [[Liga MX]]), the club began tae play in the [[Ascenso MX]], the seicont level o the Mexican fitbaw league pyramid. Necaxa is a nan membership-based club, wi mair nor 35,000 members ootside Mexico.

==Honours==

===Domestic===
'''Amateur era'''

*'''[[Primera Fuerza]]: 4'''
::1932-33, 1934-35, 1936-37, 1937-38

*'''[[Copa México]]: 4'''
::1924-25, 1925-26, 1932-33, 1935-36
*'''Runner up 2'''
::1939-40, 1940-41

*'''[[Campeón de Campeones]]: 2'''
::1932-33, 1935-36

*'''[[Campeonísimo]]: 2'''
::1932-33, 1934-35

'''Profeesional Era'''

*'''[[Liga MX]]: 3'''
::1994-95, 1995-96, Invierno 98

*'''[[Ascenso MX]]: 2'''
::Clausura 2009, Bicentenario 2010

*'''[[Campeón de Ascenso]]: 1'''
::2009-2010

*'''[[Copa México]]: 3'''
::1959-60, 1965-66, 1994-95

*'''[[Campeón de Campeones]]: 2'''
::1965-1966, 1994-1995

===Internaitional toornaments===
*'''[[Central American and Caribbean Games]]: 1'''
::1935

*'''[[CONCACAF Champions' Cup]]: 2'''
::1975 (as Atlético Español), 1999

*'''[[InterLiga]]: 1'''
::2007
 
*'''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]: 0'''
::3rd place - [[2000 FIFA Club Warld Championship|2000]]

*'''[[CONCACAF Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1'''
::[[CONCACAF Champions' Cup 1994|1994]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* La serie Mexico Nuevo Siglo: ''Rueda de la Fortuna'' Los Rayos
* Juan Cid y Mulet: Libro de Oro del Fútbol Mexicano - Tomo 2
* http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/editoriales/carlos-calderon/2011/08/el-partido-que-duro-4-horas
* IFFHS All-Time Club World Ranking

==Fan clubs==
*Sobredosis Albirroja &quot;The Red and the White Overdose&quot;
*Comando Rojiblanco
*La Popular

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.clubnecaxa.com/   Necaxa FanZine!! website (Español/Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907222218/http://clubnecaxa.com/ |date=2013-09-07 }}
*[http://www.necaxafutbol.com/ Official website (Español/English/日本語 )] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225145858/http://necaxafutbol.com/ |date=2010-02-25 }}

{{CONCACAF Champions League Winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Necaxa}}
[[Category:Club Necaxa| ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Aguascalientes]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]]
[[Category:Ascenso MX teams]]
[[Category:Liga MX teams]]
[[Category:1923 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:Primera Fuerza]]</text>
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    <title>Atlético Madrid</title>
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      <text bytes="6863" sha1="suspmrh5t1sksvka37dzdsb3f4zj3tu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname      = Atlético de Madrid
| image         =
| fullname      = Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D.
| nickname      = {{unbulleted list
 | ''Los Colchoneros'' (The Mattress Makers)
 | ''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites)
 | ''Los Indios'' (The Indies)
 | ''El Atleti'' (The Atleti– no tae be ramfeeselt wi the mair leeteral [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic]])
 }}
| founded       = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1903|4|26}}
| ground        = [[Wanda Metropolitano Stadium|Estadio Metropolitano]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Madrid]]
| capacity      = 69,860
| owner         = Miguel Ángel Gil Marín (52%)&lt;br&gt;[[Enrique Cerezo]] (20%)&lt;br&gt;[[Wang Jianlin]] ([[Wanda Group]]) (20%)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|title= Wanda Group is now the owner of 20% of the Club's shareholding|date= March 31, 2015|accessdate= November 7, 2015|work= clubatleticodemadrid.com|publisher= [[Atlético de Madrid]]|archive-date= 2016-01-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160102160007/http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chrtitle      = Preses
| chairman = [[Enrique Cerezo]]
| manager = [[Diego Simeone]]
| league = {{Spanish football updater|Atlético Madrid}}
| season = 2024–25
| position = 3rd
| website = https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/
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'''Club Atlético de Madrid, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''' ({{IPA-esdia|ˈkluβ aðˈletiko ðe maˈðɾið|Spainish pronunciation:}}}}; {{lang-sco|Madrid Athletic Club}}), commonly kent as '''Atlético de Madrid''', or '''Atlético''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]] who play in [[La Liga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | title = :: Tienda Club Atlético de Madrid:: | publisher = Atlético Madrid | accessdate = 20 November 2010 | language = Spanish | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | archivedate = 2010-12-13 | deadurl = no | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp |date=2010-12-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atlético hae wan La Liga on [[fitbaw records in Spain|ten]] occasions, includin a double in 1996; the [[Copa del Rey]] on ten occasions; 2 [[Supercopa de España]] an 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]; in Europe, they wan the [[1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1962, wur [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] runners-up in [[1974 European Cup Feenal|1974]] an [[2014 UEFA Champions League Feenal]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | title = 1973/74: Müller ends Bayern wait | publisher = [[UEFA]] | accessdate = 7 November 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101011155417/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | archivedate = 2010-10-11 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; wan the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] in 2010 an in 2012, an wan the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 2010 an 2012.

==Honours==

===Regional===
*'''[[Campeonato Regional Centro]]'''
** '''Winners (4):''' 1920–21, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1939–40
*'''[[Copa Federación Centro]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1941

===Domestic competeetions===
*'''[[La Liga]]'''
** '''Winners (10):''' 1939–40, 1940–41, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2013–14
** Runners-up (10): 1943–44, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1990–91, 2017–18, 2018–19
*'''[[Copa del Rey]]'''
** '''Winners (10):''' 1959–60, 1960–61, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 2012–13
** Runners-up (9): 1921, 1926, 1956, 1963–64, 1974–75, 1986–87, 1998–99, 1999-00, 2009–10
*'''[[Supercopa de España]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 1985, 2014
** Runners-up (4): 1991, 1992, 1996, 2013
*'''Copa de Campeones de España''' &lt;small&gt;(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])&lt;/small&gt;
** '''Winners (1):''' 1940&lt;ref&gt;[[:es:Copa de Campeones de España]]. &quot;The first Supercopa de España&quot;. See: [[:es:Precedentes de la Supercopa de España de fútbol]].&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' &lt;small&gt;(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])&lt;/small&gt;
** '''Winners (1):''' 1951&lt;ref&gt;The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Atlético Madrid's &quot;Copa de Campeones&quot; win o 1940 is no includit in this coont.&lt;/ref&gt;
** Runners-up (1): 1950
*'''[[:es:Copa Presidente FEF de 1941/47|Copa Presidente FEF]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1947
*'''[[Segunda División]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 2001–02
** Runners-up (2): 1932–33, 1933–34

===European===
*'''[[UEFA Champions League]]'''
** Runners-up (2): 1973–74, 2013-2014
*'''[[UEFA Europa League]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 2009–10, 2011–12
*'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1961–62
** Runners-up (2): 1962–63, 1985–86
*'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 2010, 2012
*'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]'''
** Runners-up (1): 2004

=== Warld ===
*'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1974

===Ither===
*'''[[Amsterdam Tournament]]:'''
**Runners-up (1): 2007

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/ Atlético de Madrid Offeecial Wabsteid] {{es icon}} {{en icon}}

{{La Liga teamleet}}
{{UEFA Champions League winners}}
{{UEFA Europa League winners}}
{{UEFA Super Cup winners}}
{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atletico Madrid}}
[[Category:Atlético Madrid| ]]
[[Category:La Liga clubs]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1903]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]]
[[Category:Copa del Rey winners]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:39:32Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
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      <text bytes="6861" sha1="d3a09igvg5smad2srxqhdc2q4murv0j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
| clubname      = Atlético de Madrid
| image         =
| fullname      = Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D.
| nickname      = {{unbulleted list
 | ''Los Colchoneros'' (The Mattress Makers)
 | ''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites)
 | ''Los Indios'' (The Indies)
 | ''El Atleti'' (The Atleti– no tae be ramfeeselt wi the mair leeteral [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic]])
 }}
| founded       = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1903|4|26}}
| ground        = [[Wanda Metropolitano Stadium|Estadio Metropolitano]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Madrid]]
| capacity      = 69,860
| owner         = Miguel Ángel Gil Marín (52%)&lt;br&gt;[[Enrique Cerezo]] (20%)&lt;br&gt;[[Wang Jianlin]] ([[Wanda Group]]) (20%)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|title= Wanda Group is now the owner of 20% of the Club's shareholding|date= March 31, 2015|accessdate= November 7, 2015|work= clubatleticodemadrid.com|publisher= [[Atlético de Madrid]]|archive-date= 2016-01-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160102160007/http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chrtitle      = Preses
| chairman = [[Enrique Cerezo]]
| manager = [[Diego Simeone]]
| league = {{Spanish football updater|Atlético Madrid}}
| season = 2024–25
| position = 3rd
| website = https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/
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'''Club Atlético de Madrid, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''' ({{IPA-esdia|ˈkluβ aðˈletiko ðe maˈðɾið|Spainish pronunciation:}}}}; {{lang-sco|Madrid Athletic Club}}), commonly kent as '''Atlético de Madrid''', or '''Atlético''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]] who play in [[La Liga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | title = :: Tienda Club Atlético de Madrid:: | publisher = Atlético Madrid | accessdate = 20 November 2010 | language = Spanish | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | archivedate = 2010-12-13 | deadurl = no | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp |date=2010-12-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atlético hae wan La Liga on [[fitbaw records in Spain|ten]] occasions, includin a double in 1996; the [[Copa del Rey]] on ten occasions; 2 [[Supercopa de España]] an 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]; in Europe, they wan the [[1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1962, wur [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] runners-up in [[1974 European Cup Feenal|1974]] an [[2014 UEFA Champions League Feenal]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | title = 1973/74: Müller ends Bayern wait | publisher = [[UEFA]] | accessdate = 7 November 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101011155417/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | archivedate = 2010-10-11 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; wan the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] in 2010 an in 2012, an wan the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 2010 an 2012.

==Honours==

===Regional===
*'''[[Campeonato Regional Centro]]'''
** '''Winners (4):''' 1920–21, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1939–40
*'''[[Copa Federación Centro]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1941

===Domestic competeetions===
*'''[[La Liga]]'''
** '''Winners (10):''' 1939–40, 1940–41, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2013–14
** Runners-up (10): 1943–44, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1990–91, 2017–18, 2018–19
*'''[[Copa del Rey]]'''
** '''Winners (10):''' 1959–60, 1960–61, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 2012–13
** Runners-up (9): 1921, 1926, 1956, 1963–64, 1974–75, 1986–87, 1998–99, 1999-00, 2009–10
*'''[[Supercopa de España]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 1985, 2014
** Runners-up (4): 1991, 1992, 1996, 2013
*'''Copa de Campeones de España''' &lt;small&gt;(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])&lt;/small&gt;
** '''Winners (1):''' 1940&lt;ref&gt;[[:es:Copa de Campeones de España]]. &quot;The first Supercopa de España&quot;. See: [[:es:Precedentes de la Supercopa de España de fútbol]].&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' &lt;small&gt;(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])&lt;/small&gt;
** '''Winners (1):''' 1951&lt;ref&gt;The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Atlético Madrid's &quot;Copa de Campeones&quot; win o 1940 is no includit in this coont.&lt;/ref&gt;
** Runners-up (1): 1950
*'''[[:es:Copa Presidente FEF de 1941/47|Copa Presidente FEF]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1947
*'''[[Segunda División]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 2001–02
** Runners-up (2): 1932–33, 1933–34

===European===
*'''[[UEFA Champions League]]'''
** Runners-up (2): 1973–74, 2013-2014
*'''[[UEFA Europa League]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 2009–10, 2011–12
*'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1961–62
** Runners-up (2): 1962–63, 1985–86
*'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 2010, 2012
*'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]'''
** Runners-up (1): 2004

=== Warld ===
*'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1974

===Ither===
*'''[[Amsterdam Tournament]]:'''
**Runners-up (1): 2007

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/ Atlético de Madrid Offeecial Wabsteid] {{es icon}} {{en icon}}

{{La Liga teamleet}}
{{UEFA Champions League winners}}
{{UEFA Europa League winners}}
{{UEFA Super Cup winners}}
{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atletico Madrid}}
[[Category:Atlético Madrid| ]]
[[Category:La Liga clubs]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1903]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]]
[[Category:Copa del Rey winners]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]]</text>
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| clubname      = Atlético de Madrid
| fullname      = Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D.
| nickname      = {{unbulleted list
 | ''Los Colchoneros'' (The Mattress Makers)
 | ''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites)
 | ''Los Indios'' (The Indies)
 | ''El Atleti'' (The Atleti– no tae be ramfeeselt wi the mair leeteral [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic]])
 }}
| founded       = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1903|4|26}}
| ground        = [[Wanda Metropolitano Stadium|Estadio Metropolitano]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Madrid]]
| capacity      = 69,860
| owner         = Miguel Ángel Gil Marín (52%)&lt;br&gt;[[Enrique Cerezo]] (20%)&lt;br&gt;[[Wang Jianlin]] ([[Wanda Group]]) (20%)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|title= Wanda Group is now the owner of 20% of the Club's shareholding|date= March 31, 2015|accessdate= November 7, 2015|work= clubatleticodemadrid.com|publisher= [[Atlético de Madrid]]|archive-date= 2016-01-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160102160007/http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chrtitle      = Preses
| chairman = [[Enrique Cerezo]]
| manager = [[Diego Simeone]]
| league = {{Spanish football updater|Atlético Madrid}}
| season = 2024–25
| position = 3rd
| website = https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/
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'''Club Atlético de Madrid, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''' ({{IPA-esdia|ˈkluβ aðˈletiko ðe maˈðɾið|Spainish pronunciation:}}}}; {{lang-sco|Madrid Athletic Club}}), commonly kent as '''Atlético de Madrid''', or '''Atlético''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]] who play in [[La Liga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | title = :: Tienda Club Atlético de Madrid:: | publisher = Atlético Madrid | accessdate = 20 November 2010 | language = Spanish | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | archivedate = 2010-12-13 | deadurl = no | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp |date=2010-12-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atlético hae wan La Liga on [[fitbaw records in Spain|ten]] occasions, includin a double in 1996; the [[Copa del Rey]] on ten occasions; 2 [[Supercopa de España]] an 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]; in Europe, they wan the [[1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1962, wur [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] runners-up in [[1974 European Cup Feenal|1974]] an [[2014 UEFA Champions League Feenal]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | title = 1973/74: Müller ends Bayern wait | publisher = [[UEFA]] | accessdate = 7 November 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101011155417/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | archivedate = 2010-10-11 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; wan the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] in 2010 an in 2012, an wan the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 2010 an 2012.

==Honours==

===Regional===
*'''[[Campeonato Regional Centro]]'''
** '''Winners (4):''' 1920–21, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1939–40
*'''[[Copa Federación Centro]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1941

===Domestic competeetions===
*'''[[La Liga]]'''
** '''Winners (10):''' 1939–40, 1940–41, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2013–14
** Runners-up (10): 1943–44, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1990–91, 2017–18, 2018–19
*'''[[Copa del Rey]]'''
** '''Winners (10):''' 1959–60, 1960–61, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 2012–13
** Runners-up (9): 1921, 1926, 1956, 1963–64, 1974–75, 1986–87, 1998–99, 1999-00, 2009–10
*'''[[Supercopa de España]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 1985, 2014
** Runners-up (4): 1991, 1992, 1996, 2013
*'''Copa de Campeones de España''' &lt;small&gt;(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])&lt;/small&gt;
** '''Winners (1):''' 1940&lt;ref&gt;[[:es:Copa de Campeones de España]]. &quot;The first Supercopa de España&quot;. See: [[:es:Precedentes de la Supercopa de España de fútbol]].&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' &lt;small&gt;(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])&lt;/small&gt;
** '''Winners (1):''' 1951&lt;ref&gt;The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Atlético Madrid's &quot;Copa de Campeones&quot; win o 1940 is no includit in this coont.&lt;/ref&gt;
** Runners-up (1): 1950
*'''[[:es:Copa Presidente FEF de 1941/47|Copa Presidente FEF]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1947
*'''[[Segunda División]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 2001–02
** Runners-up (2): 1932–33, 1933–34

===European===
*'''[[UEFA Champions League]]'''
** Runners-up (2): 1973–74, 2013-2014
*'''[[UEFA Europa League]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 2009–10, 2011–12
*'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1961–62
** Runners-up (2): 1962–63, 1985–86
*'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' 2010, 2012
*'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]'''
** Runners-up (1): 2004

=== Warld ===
*'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''
** '''Winners (1):''' 1974

===Ither===
*'''[[Amsterdam Tournament]]:'''
**Runners-up (1): 2007

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/ Atlético de Madrid Offeecial Wabsteid] {{es icon}} {{en icon}}

{{La Liga teamleet}}
{{UEFA Champions League winners}}
{{UEFA Europa League winners}}
{{UEFA Super Cup winners}}
{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atletico Madrid}}
[[Category:Atlético Madrid| ]]
[[Category:La Liga clubs]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1903]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]]
[[Category:Copa del Rey winners]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]]</text>
      <sha1>o9myuuts0mzpg59ckq6ot3ias1do6j9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brăila</title>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="9001" sha1="shfeh4vhm2a5g1w3ojwnptezpljyfgw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement &lt;!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--&gt;
|subdivision_type    = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name    = {{ROU}}
|timezone            = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset          = +2
|timezone_DST        = [[Eastren European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST      = +3
|map_caption         = Location o Brăila|
|official_name       = Brăila
|image_skyline       = Ansamblul 'Piata Traian, centrul vechi al orasului Braila..jpg
|image_caption       = Brăila Auld Toun, nicht view
|image_map           = Braila_in_Romania.png
|image_shield        =
|subdivision_type1   = [[Coonties o Romanie|Coonty]]
|subdivision_name1   = Brăila Coonty
|subdivision_type2   = [[Subdiveesions o Romanie|Status]]
|subdivision_name2   = {{Autolink|Coonty caipital}}
|leader_title        = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name         = Aurel Gabriel Simionescu
|leader_party        = [[Social Democratic Pairty (Romanie)|Social Democratic Pairty]]
|elevation_m         = 25
|area_total_km2      = 77.9
|population_as_of    = 2011 census
|population_total    = 180,302
|population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx | title = Population at 20 October 2011 | date = 5 July 2013 | accessdate = 5 July 2013 | publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]] | language = Romanian | archive-date = 2018-12-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226001748/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_km2=5071
|coordinates         = {{coord|45|16|09.1|N|27|57|26.9|E|region:RO|display=inline}}
||
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 810xxx
|area_code = (+40) 239
|registration_plate = BR
|website=http://www.primariabraila.ro/
}}

'''Brăila''' ({{IPA-ro|brəˈila|-|Ro-Brăila.ogg}}; {{lang-gr|Μπράιλα}}; [[Turkis leid|Turkis]]: İbrail) is a ceety in [[Muntenie]], eastren [[Romanie]], a port on the [[Danube]] an the caipital o [[Brăila Coonty]]. It is locatit in the close vicinity o [[Galaţi]]. The [[Sud-Est (development region)|''Sud-Est'' Regional Development Agency]] is locatit in Brăila.

Accordin tae the 2011 Romanie census thare wur 180,302 fowk livin athin the ceety o Brăila,&lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;/&gt; makkin it the 11t maist populous ceety in Romanie.

==History==
[[File:Braila.jpg|thumb|left|Brăila in a early 1900s postcard.]]
[[File:Brăila 19th century.jpg|thumb|left|A owerview o Brăila in late 19t century or early 20t century.]]
A dounset at this location on the left bank o the Danube, in [[Wallachie]], wis mentioned wi the name ''Drinago'' in a [[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]] ''Libro de conoscimiento'' (&quot;Beuk o knawledge&quot;, circa 1350) an in several [[Catalonia (historic territory)|Catalan]] [[portolan chairt]]s ([[Angelino de Dalorto]], 1325/1330 an [[Angelino Dulcert]], 1339). This mey hae been an erroneous transcription o ''Brillago''. In [[Greek leid|Greek]] documents o roughly that time, the ceety is referred tae as ''Proilabum'' or ''Proilava'', a Greek leid adaptation o its [[Slavic leids|Slavic]] name, ''Brailov''. In [[German leid]] sources, it is mentioned as ''Uebereyl''. The oreegin an meanin o the name is unkent.

As a [[Qadaa|kaza]], the toun an its surroondin aurie wis controlled bi [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] frae 1538–1540 until 1829 (it wis restored tae Wallachia through the [[Akkerman Convention]]); the Ottomans cried it ''Ibrail'' or ''Ibraila''.

Brăila wis attackit, plundered, an set fire tae bi the forces o [[Moldavie]] Prince [[Stephen III o Moldavie|Stephen the Great]] on 2 Februar 1470, durin the retaliation campaign against tae Wallachie Prince [[Radu cel Frumos|Radu the Fair]], who haed alleed hissel wi the Ottomans. It wis briefly ruled bi [[Michael the Brave]], prince o Wallachie (1595–1596).

Durin the 19t century, the port became ane o the three maist important ports on the Danube in Wallachie, the ither twa bein [[Turnu]] an [[Giurgiu]]. The ceety's greatest period o prosperity wis at the end o the 19t century an in the early 20t century, when it wis a important port for maist o the merchandise comin in an goin oot o Romanie.

==Demographics==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;float:right; font-size:93%;width:200px;height:16px;border:0;text-align:left;line-height:120%;margin-left:10px; margin-bottom:10px;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#f4f4f4;&quot; height=24px |'''Historical population of Brăila'''
|-
! Year
! Population
! %±
|-
| 1900
| 58,392&lt;ref&gt;[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| —
|-
| 1912 census
| 65,053&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookofrouman00grearich#page/60/mode/2up A Handbook of Roumania]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 11.4%
|-
| 1930 census
| 68,347
| 5%
|-
| 1948 census
| 95,514
| 39.7%
|-
| 1956 census
| 102,500
| 7.3%
|-
| 1966 census
| 138,802
| 35.4%
|-
| 1977 census
| 194,633
| 40.2%
|-
| 1992 census
| 234,110
| 20.2%
|-
| 2002 census
| 216,292
| −7.6%
|-
| 2011 census
| 180,302
| −16.6%
|}

As o 2011 census data (est.), Brăila haes a population o 180,302, a decrease frae the figur recordit at the 2002 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;/&gt; The ethnic makup wis as follaes:
* [[Romanies]]: 97.21%
* [[Lipovans]]: 1.14%
* [[Romani fowk|Roma]]: 0.97%
* [[Greeks]]: 0.1%
* Ither: 0.3%

===Metropolitan aurie===
{{main|Lawer Danube metropolitan area}}

==Economy==
Accessible tae smaw an middlin-sizit oceangoin ships, Brăila haes lairge grain-handlin an warehoosin facilities. It is a important industrial centre an aw, wi metalwirkin, textile, fuid-processin, an ither factories.

==Ceetyscape==
Brăila haes the follaein auries: Centru (Center), Viziru (1, 2, 3), [[Călăraşi 4]], Ansamblul Buzăului, Radu Negru, Obor, Hipodrom, Lacu Dulce, Dorobanți, 1 Mai, Comorofca, Calea Galați, Gării, Apollo, Siret, Pisc, Brăilița, [[Vidin-Progresul]], Islaz an [[Chercea]].

==Landmarks==
[[File:Maria Filotti Theatre, Braila.jpg|thumb|[[Maria Filotti Theatre]].]]
[[File:Braila 3.jpg|thumb|Fountain in Brăila.]]
Streets radiating frae near the port towards Brăila's center are crossed at symmetrical intervals bi concentric streets following the geometric design of the auld Ottoman fortifications.

The auld centre o the ceety haes mony 19t century biggins, some o thaim fully restored. The maist important monuments are the Greek Church, erected at 1865 bi the [[Greeks o Romanie|Greek]] commonty, the ''Sfinţii Arhangheli'' Kirk, umwhile ''[[mosque|jāmi]]'' durin the Ottoman rule (till 1831), the 19t century ''Sfântul Nicolae'' Kirk, frae the 19t century an aw, the [[Maria Filotti Theatre]], the Palace o Cultur an its Airt Museum, the History Museum, an the auld Watter Touer. The latter hooses a restaurant an a rotation seestem (360° in ane oor).

Anither important steid is the Public Garden, a pairk situatit abuin the bank o the Danube wi a view ower the river an the [[Măcin Muntains]]. Early in 2006 the municipality receivit [[European Union]] funds tae renovate the auld centre o the ceety, aimin tae transform Brăila intae a major tourist attraction o Muntenia.

The Kirk o the Holy Airchangels is the auldest in the ceety. Begun in 1667, the umwhile mosque wis transformit intae an Orthodox Kirk in 1808.

==Transport==
Brăila features ane o the auldest electrical [[tram]] lines in Romanie, inauguratit at the end o the 19t century an still in uise. Brăila's bus seestem is operatit bi the toun haw in cooperation wi Braicar Company, wi fower primar bus configurations available servicin maist o the ceety.

==Local media==
The ceety haes several local newspapers, includin ''Obiectiv-Vocea Brăilei'', ''[[Monitorul de Brăila]]'', ''[[Ziarul de Brăila]]'' an ''Arcașu'''. It haes three telly stations an aw: Mega TV, an the local stations of [[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena 1]] an [[Pro TV]].

==Internaitional relations==

===Twin touns - sister ceeties===
Brăila is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi:
*{{flagicon|BUL}} '''[[Pleven]]''' in [[Bulgarie]].
*{{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Calais]]''' in [[France]].
*{{flagicon|GRE}} '''[[Argostoli]]''' in [[Greece]].
*{{flagicon|GRE}} '''[[Katerini]]''' in [[Greece]].
*{{flagicon|MKD}} '''[[Bitola]]''' in [[Republic o Macedonie|Macedonie]].
*{{flagicon|MKD}} '''[[Kavadarci]]''' in [[Republic o Macedonie|Macedonie]].
*{{flagicon|TUR}} '''[[Denizli]]''' in [[Turkey]].
*{{flagicon|TUR}} '''[[Nilüfer, Bursa|Nilüfer]]''' in [[Turkey]].

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Brăila County}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Brăila}}

{{Brăila Coonty}}
{{Ceeties in Romanie}}
{{RoJudCapitals}}
{{Lawer Danube metropolitan aurie}}
{{Danube}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Braila}}
[[Category:Brăila| ]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Danube]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Romanie]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Brăila Coonty]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Romanie]]
[[Category:Mercat touns in Wallachie]]</text>
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      <id>921722</id>
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      <text bytes="8895" sha1="5znmt5jhxm9ht7h6dp8ashdqsqmhhpn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|subdivision_type    = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name    = {{ROU}}
|timezone            = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset          = +2
|timezone_DST        = [[Eastren European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST      = +3
|map_caption         = Location o Brăila|
|official_name       = Brăila
|image_skyline       = Ansamblul 'Piata Traian, centrul vechi al orasului Braila..jpg
|image_caption       = Brăila Auld Toun, nicht view
|image_map           = Braila_in_Romania.png
|subdivision_type1   = [[Coonties o Romanie|Coonty]]
|subdivision_name1   = Brăila Coonty
|subdivision_type2   = [[Subdiveesions o Romanie|Status]]
|subdivision_name2   = {{Autolink|Coonty caipital}}
|leader_title        = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name         = Aurel Gabriel Simionescu
|leader_party        = [[Social Democratic Pairty (Romanie)|Social Democratic Pairty]]
|elevation_m         = 25
|area_total_km2      = 77.9
|population_as_of    = 2011 census
|population_total    = 180,302
|population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx | title = Population at 20 October 2011 | date = 5 July 2013 | accessdate = 5 July 2013 | publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]] | language = Romanian | archive-date = 2018-12-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226001748/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_density_km2=5071
|coordinates         = {{coord|45|16|09.1|N|27|57|26.9|E|region:RO|display=inline}}
||
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 810xxx
|area_code = (+40) 239
|registration_plate = BR
|website=http://www.primariabraila.ro/
}}

'''Brăila''' ({{IPA-ro|brəˈila|-|Ro-Brăila.ogg}}; {{lang-gr|Μπράιλα}}; [[Turkis leid|Turkis]]: İbrail) is a ceety in [[Muntenie]], eastren [[Romanie]], a port on the [[Danube]] an the caipital o [[Brăila Coonty]]. It is locatit in the close vicinity o [[Galaţi]]. The [[Sud-Est (development region)|''Sud-Est'' Regional Development Agency]] is locatit in Brăila.

Accordin tae the 2011 Romanie census thare wur 180,302 fowk livin athin the ceety o Brăila,&lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;/&gt; makkin it the 11t maist populous ceety in Romanie.

==History==
[[File:Braila.jpg|thumb|left|Brăila in a early 1900s postcard.]]
[[File:Brăila 19th century.jpg|thumb|left|A owerview o Brăila in late 19t century or early 20t century.]]
A dounset at this location on the left bank o the Danube, in [[Wallachie]], wis mentioned wi the name ''Drinago'' in a [[Spainyie leid|Spainyie]] ''Libro de conoscimiento'' (&quot;Beuk o knawledge&quot;, circa 1350) an in several [[Catalonia (historic territory)|Catalan]] [[portolan chairt]]s ([[Angelino de Dalorto]], 1325/1330 an [[Angelino Dulcert]], 1339). This mey hae been an erroneous transcription o ''Brillago''. In [[Greek leid|Greek]] documents o roughly that time, the ceety is referred tae as ''Proilabum'' or ''Proilava'', a Greek leid adaptation o its [[Slavic leids|Slavic]] name, ''Brailov''. In [[German leid]] sources, it is mentioned as ''Uebereyl''. The oreegin an meanin o the name is unkent.

As a [[Qadaa|kaza]], the toun an its surroondin aurie wis controlled bi [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] frae 1538–1540 until 1829 (it wis restored tae Wallachia through the [[Akkerman Convention]]); the Ottomans cried it ''Ibrail'' or ''Ibraila''.

Brăila wis attackit, plundered, an set fire tae bi the forces o [[Moldavie]] Prince [[Stephen III o Moldavie|Stephen the Great]] on 2 Februar 1470, durin the retaliation campaign against tae Wallachie Prince [[Radu cel Frumos|Radu the Fair]], who haed alleed hissel wi the Ottomans. It wis briefly ruled bi [[Michael the Brave]], prince o Wallachie (1595–1596).

Durin the 19t century, the port became ane o the three maist important ports on the Danube in Wallachie, the ither twa bein [[Turnu]] an [[Giurgiu]]. The ceety's greatest period o prosperity wis at the end o the 19t century an in the early 20t century, when it wis a important port for maist o the merchandise comin in an goin oot o Romanie.

==Demographics==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;float:right; font-size:93%;width:200px;height:16px;border:0;text-align:left;line-height:120%;margin-left:10px; margin-bottom:10px;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#f4f4f4;&quot; height=24px |'''Historical population of Brăila'''
|-
! Year
! Population
! %±
|-
| 1900
| 58,392&lt;ref&gt;[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| —
|-
| 1912 census
| 65,053&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookofrouman00grearich#page/60/mode/2up A Handbook of Roumania]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 11.4%
|-
| 1930 census
| 68,347
| 5%
|-
| 1948 census
| 95,514
| 39.7%
|-
| 1956 census
| 102,500
| 7.3%
|-
| 1966 census
| 138,802
| 35.4%
|-
| 1977 census
| 194,633
| 40.2%
|-
| 1992 census
| 234,110
| 20.2%
|-
| 2002 census
| 216,292
| −7.6%
|-
| 2011 census
| 180,302
| −16.6%
|}

As o 2011 census data (est.), Brăila haes a population o 180,302, a decrease frae the figur recordit at the 2002 census.&lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;/&gt; The ethnic makup wis as follaes:
* [[Romanies]]: 97.21%
* [[Lipovans]]: 1.14%
* [[Romani fowk|Roma]]: 0.97%
* [[Greeks]]: 0.1%
* Ither: 0.3%

===Metropolitan aurie===
{{main|Lawer Danube metropolitan area}}

==Economy==
Accessible tae smaw an middlin-sizit oceangoin ships, Brăila haes lairge grain-handlin an warehoosin facilities. It is a important industrial centre an aw, wi metalwirkin, textile, fuid-processin, an ither factories.

==Ceetyscape==
Brăila haes the follaein auries: Centru (Center), Viziru (1, 2, 3), [[Călăraşi 4]], Ansamblul Buzăului, Radu Negru, Obor, Hipodrom, Lacu Dulce, Dorobanți, 1 Mai, Comorofca, Calea Galați, Gării, Apollo, Siret, Pisc, Brăilița, [[Vidin-Progresul]], Islaz an [[Chercea]].

==Landmarks==
[[File:Maria Filotti Theatre, Braila.jpg|thumb|[[Maria Filotti Theatre]].]]
[[File:Braila 3.jpg|thumb|Fountain in Brăila.]]
Streets radiating frae near the port towards Brăila's center are crossed at symmetrical intervals bi concentric streets following the geometric design of the auld Ottoman fortifications.

The auld centre o the ceety haes mony 19t century biggins, some o thaim fully restored. The maist important monuments are the Greek Church, erected at 1865 bi the [[Greeks o Romanie|Greek]] commonty, the ''Sfinţii Arhangheli'' Kirk, umwhile ''[[mosque|jāmi]]'' durin the Ottoman rule (till 1831), the 19t century ''Sfântul Nicolae'' Kirk, frae the 19t century an aw, the [[Maria Filotti Theatre]], the Palace o Cultur an its Airt Museum, the History Museum, an the auld Watter Touer. The latter hooses a restaurant an a rotation seestem (360° in ane oor).

Anither important steid is the Public Garden, a pairk situatit abuin the bank o the Danube wi a view ower the river an the [[Măcin Muntains]]. Early in 2006 the municipality receivit [[European Union]] funds tae renovate the auld centre o the ceety, aimin tae transform Brăila intae a major tourist attraction o Muntenia.

The Kirk o the Holy Airchangels is the auldest in the ceety. Begun in 1667, the umwhile mosque wis transformit intae an Orthodox Kirk in 1808.

==Transport==
Brăila features ane o the auldest electrical [[tram]] lines in Romanie, inauguratit at the end o the 19t century an still in uise. Brăila's bus seestem is operatit bi the toun haw in cooperation wi Braicar Company, wi fower primar bus configurations available servicin maist o the ceety.

==Local media==
The ceety haes several local newspapers, includin ''Obiectiv-Vocea Brăilei'', ''[[Monitorul de Brăila]]'', ''[[Ziarul de Brăila]]'' an ''Arcașu'''. It haes three telly stations an aw: Mega TV, an the local stations of [[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena 1]] an [[Pro TV]].

==Internaitional relations==

===Twin touns - sister ceeties===
Brăila is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi:
*{{flagicon|BUL}} '''[[Pleven]]''' in [[Bulgarie]].
*{{flagicon|FRA}} '''[[Calais]]''' in [[France]].
*{{flagicon|GRE}} '''[[Argostoli]]''' in [[Greece]].
*{{flagicon|GRE}} '''[[Katerini]]''' in [[Greece]].
*{{flagicon|MKD}} '''[[Bitola]]''' in [[Republic o Macedonie|Macedonie]].
*{{flagicon|MKD}} '''[[Kavadarci]]''' in [[Republic o Macedonie|Macedonie]].
*{{flagicon|TUR}} '''[[Denizli]]''' in [[Turkey]].
*{{flagicon|TUR}} '''[[Nilüfer, Bursa|Nilüfer]]''' in [[Turkey]].

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Brăila County}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Brăila}}

{{Brăila Coonty}}
{{Ceeties in Romanie}}
{{RoJudCapitals}}
{{Lawer Danube metropolitan aurie}}
{{Danube}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Braila}}
[[Category:Brăila| ]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Danube]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Romanie]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Brăila Coonty]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Romanie]]
[[Category:Mercat touns in Wallachie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Calatagan</title>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="7004" sha1="tahmi5j0uhfxaby2aotw0msnj1baphy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Calatagan
| native_name            = &lt;!-- If different from name --&gt;
| native_name_lang       = &lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code --&gt;
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline          = Calatagan,BatangasPortjf0708 02.JPG
| image_flag             = 
| flag_size              = 
| image_seal             = Calatagan,Batangasjf0574.JPG
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| nickname               = 
| motto                  =
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o Batangas showin the location o Calatagan
| pushpin_map            = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the Philippines
| coordinates            = {{coord|13|50|N|120|38|E|display=inline}}
| coordinates_ region    = PH
| coordinates_footnotes  =
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| subdivision_name3      = 1st Destrict
| established_title      = Foondit
| established_date       = 1912
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 25
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dilg.gov.ph/municipalities.php |title=Municipalities |publisher=Department of the Interior and Local Government |location=Quezon City, Philippines |accessdate=23 January 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531043557/http://dilg.gov.ph/municipalities.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_party           =
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Sophia Grandeza Palacio
| area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: Batangas |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=11 February 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines |archive-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114165612/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2         = 112.00
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            =
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=11 February 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192321/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 51997
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     =
| population_note        =
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 2nt Cless
| website                = {{URL|{{#property:P856}}}}
| footnotes              =
}}

'''Calatagan''' is a [[Municipalities o the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]] o [[Batangas]], [[Philippines]].  Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 51,997 fowk.&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;

The toun comprises the Calatagan Peninsula atween the [[Wast Philippine Sea]] an [[Balayan Bay]]. The peninsula's near white saund beaches are popular vacation an leisur steids for [[Manila]]'s rich an famous. Thare are several beach resorts includin the airt-filled guesthoose cried Banak House Calatagan, ithers lik the Ronco Beach Resort in Brgy. Bagong Silang, Playa Calatagan in Brgy. Sta. Ana, the Golden Sunset Resort in Brgy Uno, an Lago de Oro Resort whaur ane can go wakebuirdin, Villa Agustina, Nacua. Thir are well-kent local places for relaxation an respite frae aw the week's wirk. Calatagan wis formerly titled as the Forbes Pairk of the South, acause o the rich faimilies who awns thair estates here no mindin the bad road condeetion afore, onywey thay hae thair helipads for thair helicopters tae laund on.

A extremely rare ensaumple o pre-[[Spain]]yie [[Philippine]] script wis foond in Calatagan. The script is cried [[Baybayin]] in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], an wis derived frae [[Javanese leid|Javanese]] writingwhich in turn is derived frae [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]]. This writing survives on an earthenware burial jar dated 13t century or 14t century.

== Barangays ==
[[File:Calatagan, Batangas.jpg|thumb|Beach in Calatagan]]
Calatagan is poleetically subdividit intae 25 [[barangay]]s.&lt;ref name=nscb/&gt;
{{div col}}
* Barangay 1 (Pob.)
* Barangay 2 (Pob.)
* Barangay 3 (Pob.)
* Barangay 4 (Pob.)
* Bagong Silang
* Baha
* Balibago
* Balitoc
* Biga
* Bucal
* Carlosa
* Carretunan
* Encarnacion
* Gulod
* Hukay
* Lucsuhin
* Luya
* Paraiso
* Quilitisan
* Real
* Sambungan
* Santa Ana
* Talibayog
* Talisay
* Tanagan
{{div col end}}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Calatagan
| 1990 = 35543
| 1995 = 40707
| 2000 = 45068
| 2007 = 51544
| 2010 = 51997
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.calatagan.gov.ph/ Offeecial Wabsteid o Municipality o Calatagan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516212933/http://calatagan.gov.ph/ |date=2014-05-16 }}
*[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
*[http://www.census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |date=2013-10-04 }}

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Calatagan
| North     = [[Lian, Batangas|Lian]]
| Northeast = [[Balayan]]
| East      = ''Balayan Bay&lt;br&gt;Pagapas Bay''
| South     = ''[[Isla Verde Passage]]''
| West      = ''[[Sooth Cheenae Sea]]''
}}
{{Batangas}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Batangas]]
[[Category:Beaches o the Philippines]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6594" sha1="5d105ejxpu5c822ckvp38d6nrqi2jqy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Calatagan
| settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline          = Calatagan,BatangasPortjf0708 02.JPG
| image_seal             = Calatagan,Batangasjf0574.JPG
| seal_size              = 100x80px
| image_map              = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption            = Map o Batangas showin the location o Calatagan
| pushpin_map            = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location athin the Philippines
| coordinates            = {{coord|13|50|N|120|38|E|display=inline}}
| coordinates_ region    = PH
| subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name       = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A)
| subdivision_type2      = [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[{{#property:P131}}]]
| subdivision_type3      = Destrict
| subdivision_name3      = 1st Destrict
| established_title      = Foondit
| established_date       = 1912
| parts_type             = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 25
| government_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dilg.gov.ph/municipalities.php |title=Municipalities |publisher=Department of the Interior and Local Government |location=Quezon City, Philippines |accessdate=23 January 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531043557/http://dilg.gov.ph/municipalities.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Sophia Grandeza Palacio
| area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: Batangas |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=11 February 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines |archive-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114165612/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+IV-A+%28CALABARZON%29&amp;regCode=04&amp;provCode=041000000&amp;provName=BATANGAS |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2         = 112.00
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=11 February 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192321/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/CALABARZON.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 51997
| population_as_of       = 2010
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone               = [[Philippine Staundart Time|PST]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| postal_code_type       = [[Leet o ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code            = {{#property:P281}}
| area_code_type         = [[Telephone nummers in the Philippines|Dialin code]]
| area_code              = {{#property:P473}}
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o the Philippines#Income clessification|Income cless]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 2nt Cless
| website                = {{URL|{{#property:P856}}}}
}}

'''Calatagan''' is a [[Municipalities o the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Provinces o the Philippines|Province]] o [[Batangas]], [[Philippines]].  Accordin tae the 2010 census, it haes a population o 51,997 fowk.&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;

The toun comprises the Calatagan Peninsula atween the [[Wast Philippine Sea]] an [[Balayan Bay]]. The peninsula's near white saund beaches are popular vacation an leisur steids for [[Manila]]'s rich an famous. Thare are several beach resorts includin the airt-filled guesthoose cried Banak House Calatagan, ithers lik the Ronco Beach Resort in Brgy. Bagong Silang, Playa Calatagan in Brgy. Sta. Ana, the Golden Sunset Resort in Brgy Uno, an Lago de Oro Resort whaur ane can go wakebuirdin, Villa Agustina, Nacua. Thir are well-kent local places for relaxation an respite frae aw the week's wirk. Calatagan wis formerly titled as the Forbes Pairk of the South, acause o the rich faimilies who awns thair estates here no mindin the bad road condeetion afore, onywey thay hae thair helipads for thair helicopters tae laund on.

A extremely rare ensaumple o pre-[[Spain]]yie [[Philippine]] script wis foond in Calatagan. The script is cried [[Baybayin]] in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], an wis derived frae [[Javanese leid|Javanese]] writingwhich in turn is derived frae [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]]. This writing survives on an earthenware burial jar dated 13t century or 14t century.

== Barangays ==
[[File:Calatagan, Batangas.jpg|thumb|Beach in Calatagan]]
Calatagan is poleetically subdividit intae 25 [[barangay]]s.&lt;ref name=nscb/&gt;
{{div col}}
* Barangay 1 (Pob.)
* Barangay 2 (Pob.)
* Barangay 3 (Pob.)
* Barangay 4 (Pob.)
* Bagong Silang
* Baha
* Balibago
* Balitoc
* Biga
* Bucal
* Carlosa
* Carretunan
* Encarnacion
* Gulod
* Hukay
* Lucsuhin
* Luya
* Paraiso
* Quilitisan
* Real
* Sambungan
* Santa Ana
* Talibayog
* Talisay
* Tanagan
{{div col end}}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Calatagan
| 1990 = 35543
| 1995 = 40707
| 2000 = 45068
| 2007 = 51544
| 2010 = 51997
| footnote = Source: National Statistics Office&lt;ref name=NSO10/&gt;
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.calatagan.gov.ph/ Offeecial Wabsteid o Municipality o Calatagan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516212933/http://calatagan.gov.ph/ |date=2014-05-16 }}
*[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
*[http://www.census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |date=2013-10-04 }}

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Calatagan
| North     = [[Lian, Batangas|Lian]]
| Northeast = [[Balayan]]
| East      = ''Balayan Bay&lt;br&gt;Pagapas Bay''
| South     = ''[[Isla Verde Passage]]''
| West      = ''[[Sooth Cheenae Sea]]''
}}
{{Batangas}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Batangas]]
[[Category:Beaches o the Philippines]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Toyota Agya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>68826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921470</id>
      <parentid>901617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:03:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="4829" sha1="5o388hhco1ehxtyazh8dfxzqypxhb0i" xml:space="preserve">{{distinguish|Toyota Aygo|Toyota Aqua}}

{{Infobox automobile
| image        = 2017 Toyota Agya 1.2 G hatchback (B101RA; 12-09-2018), South Tangerang.jpg
| name         = Toyota Agya
| manufacturer = [[Daihatsu|Astra Daihatsu]] &lt;small&gt;([[Indonesie]])&lt;/small&gt;
| production   = 2011

| assembly     = [[North Jakarta]], [[Indonesie]]
| class        = [[Ceety caur]]
| platform     = 
| layout       = [[Front-ingine, front-wheel-drive layoot|FF layoot]]
| body_style   = 5-door [[hatchback]]
| engine       = [[Petrol]]: &lt;br/&gt;1.0 L ''1KR-FE'' I3&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;
| transmission = 5-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]&lt;br/&gt;4-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
| wheelbase    = {{convert|2730|mm|abbr=on|1}}
| length       = {{convert|3600|mm|abbr=on|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;
| width        = Ayla: {{convert|1600|mm|abbr=on|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Agya: {{convert|1620|mm|abbr=on|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;
| height       = {{convert|1520|mm|abbr=on|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;
| weight       = {{convert|800|kg|abbr=on|0}}
| aka          = Toyota Wigo&lt;ref name=&quot;TopGearPh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.topgear.com.ph/news/industry-news/toyota-ph-teases-us-with-the-wigo |title=Toyota PH teases us with the Wigo |first=Patrick Everett |last=Tadeo |publisher=''[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear Philippines]]'' |date=2014-01-16 |accessdate=2014-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Daihatsu Ayla
| designer     = Mark Widjaja
| related      = [[Toyota Aygo]]
}}

The '''Toyota Agya''' is a [[ceety caur]] made bi [[Toyota]], designed bi [[Daihatsu]] an manufactured bi Astra Daihatsu in [[Indonesie]]. It is saud as the '''Toyota Wigo'''&lt;ref name=&quot;TopGearPh&quot;/&gt; an the '''Daihatsu Ayla''' . The name &quot;Agya&quot; wis taken frae the [[Sanskrit leid|Sanskrit]] wird meanin &quot;fast&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;

==History==
The caur wis annooncit an shawed at the 2012 [[Indonesia International Motor Show]] as Toyota an Astra Daihatsu's answer tae the Indonesie govrenment's plan o [[Indonesie caur|LCGC]] rule. Initially the caur wis available for advance beukin efter the show but it anerly lastit for few weeks acause the manufacturers wur waitin for the govrenment tae feenalize regulation regardin LCGC. Agya an Ayla uise the same 1.0 liter 1KR-FE three-cylinder ingine as the [[Toyota Aygo|Aygo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;/&gt;

In Julie 2013, Toyota Motor [[Philippines]] (TMP) annooncit thay will import the Agya in Dizember tae compete wi the [[Mitsubishi Mirage#Saxt generation (2012–present)|Mitsubishi Mirage]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Autoindustriya&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/toyota-ph-to-launch-agya-city-car-by-december.html |title=Toyota PH to launch Agya city car by December |author=Pornelos, Vince |publisher=''Autoindustriya'' |date=2013-07-24 |accessdate=2013-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; It will unnergo a different name for the Philippine Mercat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/ph-bound-toyota-agya-will-undergo-a-name-change.html |title=PH-bound Toyota Agya will undergo a name change |author=Pornelos, Vince |publisher=''Autoindustriya'' |date=2013-07-30 |accessdate=2013-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Januar 2014, TMP annooncit that the caur will be cried Wigo.&lt;ref name=&quot;TopGearPh&quot;/&gt;

Efter a year syne it wis annooncit, Agya an Ayla wur offeecially launched an sauld tae general public on the seicont week o September 2013.

==Toyota Agya==
In Indonesie and Tunisia, the Agya is available in three different models, aw o thaim are available wi a choice o a automatic or manual transmission. The three models are:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.id/product/agya/#price-and-specifications |title=PT. Toyota Astra Motor {{!}} Mobil Terbaik Keluarga Indonesia {{!}} Product {{!}} Agya {{!}} price-and-specifications |publisher=Toyota |location=Indonesia |accessdate=2013-10-21 |archive-date=2014-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814032103/http://www.toyota.co.id/product/agya/#price-and-specifications |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1.0 E
* 1.0 G
* 1.0 TRD S

==Daihatsu Ayla==
In Indonesie, the Ayla is available in fower different models, twa o thaim are available wi a choice o a automatic or manual transmission. The fower models are:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.daihatsu.co.id/products/price/ayla |title=Daihatsu Ayla |publisher=Daihatsu |location=Indonesia |accessdate=2013-10-21 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019232858/http://www.daihatsu.co.id/products/price/ayla |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1.0 D
* 1.0 D+
* 1.0 M
* 1.0 X

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Toyota vehicles|Agya]]
[[Category:Daihatsu vehicles|Ayla]]
[[Category:Ceety caurs]]
[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]
[[Category:2010s automobiles]]
[[Category:Vehicles introducit in 2013]]</text>
      <sha1>5o388hhco1ehxtyazh8dfxzqypxhb0i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chernivtsi</title>
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      <text bytes="22552" sha1="nzsw5j5rd58bmetyjy0m76frkmthkna" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Chernivtsi
|native_name            = Чернівці {{uk icon}}
|nickname               = &quot;Little Vienna&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;day&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cognita&quot;/&gt;
|settlement_type        = 
|image_skyline          = Chernivtsi University.jpg
|image_caption          = [[Residence o Bukovinie an Dalmatie Metropolitans]]
|image_flag             = Flag_of_Chernivtsi.jpg
|image_shield           = Chernivtsi coat of arms.jpg
|shield_size            = 100px
|pushpin_map             = Ukraine
|pushpin_label_position  =
|pushpin_map_alt         =
|pushpin_map_caption     = Location o Chernivtsi in Ukraine
|coordinates            = {{coord|48|18|0|N|25|56|0|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
|image_map              = Cernauti.png
|map_caption            = The Chernivtsi Ceety Municipality (center) on the map o [[Chernivtsi Oblast]].
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Oblasts o Ukraine|Oblast]]
|subdivision_name1      = {{flag|Chernivtsi Oblast}}
|subdivision_type2      = [[Raions o Ukraine|Raion]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Chernivtsi Raion]]
|parts_type             = [[#Govrenment an admeenistrative diveesions|Subdiveesions]]
|parts_style            = &lt;!-- Use &quot;list&quot; (for list), &quot;coll&quot; (for collapsed list), &quot;para&quot; (for paragraph format). Default is &quot;list&quot; if up to 5 items, then--&gt;
|parts                  = 
|p1                     = 
|p2                     = 
|p3                     = 
|leader_title           = Ceety Cooncil Secretar
|leader_name            = Vitaliy Mykhailishyn&lt;ref name=CouncilWebsite&gt;[http://chernivtsy.eu/english/ Чернівецька міська рада (Chernivtsi City Council)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|established_title      = First mentioned
|established_date       = 1408
|established_title2     = [[Ceety richts]]
|established_date2      = 14t century
|area_total_km2         = 153
|population_as_of       = 2013
|population_total       = 259419
|population_metro       = 723100
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone               = EET
|utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = EEST
|utc_offset_DST         = +3
|elevation_m            = 248
|postal_code_type       = Postal code
|postal_code            = 58000
|area_code              = +380 372
|registration_plate     = CE/26
|blank_name             = [[Toun twinnin|Sister ceeties]]
|blank_info             = &lt;small&gt;[[Salt Lake City]], [[Konin]], [[Suceava]], [[Nazareth Illit]], [[Saskatoon]], [[Klagenfurt]], [[Podolsk]]&lt;/small&gt;
|website                = [http://www.city.cv.ua/ www.city.cv.ua]
[http://www.chernivtsy.eu/ www.chernivtsy.eu]
}}

'''Chernivtsi''' ({{lang-uk|Чернівці́}}, {{IPA-uk|t͡ʃerniu̯ˈt͡sʲi}}; see an aw [[Names o European ceeties in different leids: C-D#C|ither names]]) is a ceety in [[Wastren Ukraine|wastren]] [[Ukraine]], situatit on the upper course o the [[Prut|River Prut]]. Chernivtsi is the [[Caipital ceety|admeenistrative centre]] o [[Chernivtsi Oblast]] ([[oblast|province]]) - the northren, Ukrainian pairt o the European historic region o [[Bukovina]]. At the time o the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|2001 Ukrainian Census]], the population o the ceety wis 240,600.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census&quot;&gt;{{Wayback |date=20051226110246 |url=http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/estimate/Chernivtsi/ |title=About number and composition population of CHERNIVTSI REGION by data All-Ukrainian Population Census '2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Thegither wi the ceety o [[Lviv]], Chernivtsi is viewed at present tae be a cultural centre o wastren Ukraine. The ceety is considered ane o modren Ukraine's greatest cultural, educational an airchitectural centres an aw. Historically in that role, Chernivtsi wis even dubbit &quot;Little [[Vienna]],&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;day&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.day.kiev.ua/126685/|title=Bukovyna Week in Austria|accessdate=2007-09-26|author=|date=Zhytariuk, Natalia|work=[[Den (newspaper)|Den]]|archive-date=2005-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320182015/http://www.day.kiev.ua/126685/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cognita&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcognita.com.ua/eng/western/170/?ch=595e8574c|title=Bukovina. The beech tree land|accessdate=2007-09-26|work=Ukraine Cognita|archive-date=2011-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064618/http://www.ukrcognita.com.ua/eng/western/170/?ch=595e8574c|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Jerusalem]] upon the Prut&quot;. The ceety is a major pynt o railwey an heich-gate crossins in the region, an hooses a [[Chernivtsi Internaitional Airport|internaitional airport]].

==Name==
Aside frae Ukrainian, Chernivtsi is kent bi mony different names an aw, which wur uised durin times o rule bi different kintras throuoot the ceety's history, or bi the respective population groups at the time: {{lang-ro|Cernăuți}}; {{lang-de|Czernowitz}}; {{lang-pl|Czerniowce}}; {{lang-hu|Csernovic}}, {{lang-ru|Черновцы́|italic=yes}}, [[Romanisation o Roushie|translit.]] ''Chernovtsy'' (till 1944: Чернови́цы, [[Romanisation o Roushie|translit.]] ''Chernovitsy''). In the times o Halych-Volyn Principality the ceety's name wis ''Chern''.

==History==
Aircheological evidence discovered in the aurie surroondin Chernivtsi indicates that a population inhabitit it syne the [[Neolithic]] era. Later dounsets includit those o the [[Cucuteni-Trypillian cultur]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20043%2F34|title=Trypillya&amp;nbsp;— a culture that was contemporaneous with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia|accessdate=2007-09-27|work=Welcome to Ukraine|archive-date=2020-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211015840/http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20043%2F34|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Corded Ware culture]]; artifacts frae the [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] and [[Iron Age]]s war an aa foond in the ceety.

A fortifee'd dounset locatit on the left (north-eastren) shore o Prut dates back tae the time o the [[Galicie-Volhynie|Principality o Halych]] an is thocht tae hae been biggit bi [[Knyaz|Grand Prince]] [[Yaroslav Osmomysl]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.komkon.org/~sher/chern/hist.html|title=City of Chernivtsi&amp;nbsp;– History|accessdate=2007-09-25|work=The Komkon Site}}&lt;/ref&gt; Legendar accoonts refer tae this fortress-ceety as ''Chern’'', or ''Black ceety''; it is said tae awe its name tae the black colour o the ceety waws, biggit frae daurk [[aik]] layered wi [[chernozem|local black-coloured soil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;city.cv.ua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.city.cv.ua/English/History/|title=History|accessdate=2007-09-25|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site}}&lt;/ref&gt; This early stranghauld wis destroyed durin the [[Mongol invasion o Europe]] bi the [[Burundai]] in 1259. Housomeivver, the remainin rampairts o the fortress wur still uised for defence purposes; in the 17t century thay wur augmentit wi several bastions, ane o which is still extant.

[[File:Greater austria ethnic.svg|thumb|right|250px|Cairt o the ''[[Unitit States o Greater Austrick]]'', proponit in 1906, shows the ceety at the mairch o the auries inhabitit bi Romanies an Ukrainians.]]

Follaein the destruction o the fortress, later dounsets in the aurie centreed on the richt (sooth-wastren) shore o the Prut River, at a mair strategically advantageous, elevatit location. In 1325, whan [[Kinrick o Poland (1025–1385)|Kinrick o Poland]] seisit control o [[Galicie (Central Europe)|Galicie]], an came intae contact wi the early [[Vlachs|Vlach]] ([[Romanies|Romanie]]) feudal formations, a fort wis mentioned unner the name ''Țețina''; it wis defendin the ford an crossin pynt on the [[Prut River]]. It wis pairt o a group o three fortifications, the ither twa bein the fortress o [[Khotyn|Hotin]] on the Dniester tae the east, an a fort on the [[Kolachin River]], a upriver tributar o Prut.

Atween 1359 an 1775, the ceety an its surroondins wur pairt o the [[Moldavie|Principality o Moldavie]]; the ceety bein the admeenistrative centre o the [[Cernăuţi Coonty|homonymous ''ţinut'' (coonty)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ro}} [http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/texte/pahomi.html Cetatea Ţeţina – Cernăuţi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104301/http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/texte/pahomi.html |date=2011-10-09 }}, ''Astra'', 3 (13), 1998&lt;/ref&gt; The name Cernăuţi/Chernivtsi is first attestit in a document bi [[Alexander the Guid]] on 8 October 1408.&lt;ref&gt;{{ro}}[http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/revistaromana/ Cernăuţi-600 de ani de atestare documentară internă] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104345/http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/revistaromana/ |date=2011-10-09 }}, ''Astra'', 4 (54), 2008, p.3&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] soorces, the ceety wis mentioned as &quot;Çernovi&quot;.

In 1775, the northwastren pairt o the territory o Moldavie wis annexed bi the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburg Empire]]; this region became kent as [[Bukovina]]. The ceety became the region's caipital, which in 1849 wis raised in status an became kent as the Duchy o Bukovina, a crounland o the [[Austrian Empire]]. The ceety receivit [[Magdeburg richts]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://heraldry.com.ua/index.php3?lang=E&amp;context=info&amp;id=1155|title=Chernivtsi|accessdate=2007-09-25|work=Ukrainian heraldy|archive-date=2020-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207011259/http://heraldry.com.ua/index.php3?lang=E&amp;context=info&amp;id=1155|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ceety began tae flourish in 1778 whan Knicht [[Karl von Enzenberg]] wis appointit the chief o the Militar Admeenistration. He invitit mony merchants, craftsmen an entrepreneurs tae help develop tred an ither businesses. [[Saunt Peter]]'s Fairs (1–15 Julie) haed gien a new vibrant impulse tae the mercat development frae 1786. In the late 19t century the German leid—due tae the Habsburgian an the vera important Jewish influence—became the lingua franca an mair an mair newspapers wur editit in German, a remarkable leeterar production in German began in this period an aw, featurin maist prominently [[Karl Emil Franzos]].&lt;ref&gt;Ion Lihaciu, Czernowitz 1848-1948. Das kulturelle Leben einer Provinzmetropole, Parthenon Verlag, Kaiserslautern und Mehlingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-942994-00-2&lt;/ref&gt;

Durin the 19t an early 20t century, Chernivtsi became a centre o baith Romanie an Ukrainian naitional muivements. In 1908, it wis the steid o the first [[Yiddish leid]] conference, the [[Czernowitz Conference]], coordinatit bi [[Nathan Birnbaum]]. When [[Austrick-Hungary]] dissolvit in 1918, the ceety an its surroondin aurie [[General Congress o Bukovina|became pairt]] o the [[Kinrick o Romanie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eb&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9017989/Bukovina |title=Bukovina|accessdate=2007-09-26|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1930, the ceety reached a population o 112,400: 26.8% [[Jews]], 23.2% [[Romanies]], 20.8% [[Bukovina Germans|Germans]], 18.6% [[Ukrainians]], the remainder [[Poles]] an ithers. It wis ane o the five varsity centres o interwar Romanie.

In 1940, the [[Red Airmy]] [[Soviet occupation o Bessarabie an Northren Bukovina|occupee'd the aurie]]; the aurie aroond the ceety became kent as [[Chernivtsi Oblast]], an wis allottit tae the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]] bi the Soviet Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;eb&quot;/&gt; The ceety's lairge Romanie intelligentsia foond refuge in Romanie; while the Bukovina Germans wur repatriatit accordin tae a Soviet-Nazi greement. This promptit Romanie tae switch frae an allee o Fraunce an Breetain tae ane o Nazi Germany; in Julie 1941, the Romanie Airmy reteuk the ceety as pairt o the [[Operation Barbarossa|Axis attack on the Soviet Union]] durin Warld War II. In August 1941, Romanie militar dictator [[Ion Antonescu]] ordered the creation o a [[ghetto]] in the lawland pairt o the ceety, whaur 50,000 [[Bukovina Jews]] wur crammit, twa-thirds o whom wad be deportit tae [[Transnistrie (Warld War II)|Transnistrie]] in October 1941 an pairtly in early 1942, whaur the majority perished. Romanian mayor o the ceety [[Traian Popovici]] managit tae persuade Antonescu tae raise the nummer o Jews exemptit frae deportation frae 200 tae 20,000.

In 1944, whan [[Axis forces]] wur driven oot bi the Reid Airmy, the ceety wis reincorporatit intae the Ukrainian SSR. Ower the follaein years, maist o the Jews left for [[Israel]]; the ceety wis a important node in the [[Berihah]] netwirk. Bukovina Poles wur repatriatit bi the Soviets efter Warld War II an aw. The ceety became a predominantly Ukrainian ane.

Syne 1991, Chernitvtsi haes been a pairt o unthirlt Ukraine. In Mey 1999, Romanie opened a [[consulate general]] in the ceety. Contemporar Chernivtsi is a important regional centre, which is situatit on the picturesque banks o the Prut River an occupees a aurie o aboot {{convert|150|km2|sqmi}}.

==Geografie an climate==
Chernivtsi is locatit in the historic region o [[Bukovina]], which is currently shared atween Romanie (sooth) an Ukraine (north). The ceety lees 248 metres [[abuin sea level]], an is surroondit bi forests an fields. The River [[Prut]] runs throu the ceety's landscape.
&lt;div style=&quot;width:85%;&quot;&gt;
{{Weather box|location = Chernivtsi
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 15.3
| Feb record high C = 21.3
| Mar record high C = 24.6
| Apr record high C = 30.7
| May record high C = 33.5
| Jun record high C = 35.6
| Jul record high C = 37.4
| Aug record high C = 37.7
| Sep record high C = 36.3
| Oct record high C = 31.0
| Nov record high C = 23.8
| Dec record high C = 17.9
|year record high C = 37.7
| Jan high C = 0.1
| Feb high C = 1.7
| Mar high C = 7.2
| Apr high C = 14.5
| May high C = 20.4
| Jun high C = 23.1
| Jul high C = 25.1
| Aug high C = 24.6
| Sep high C = 19.6
| Oct high C = 13.8
| Nov high C = 6.1
| Dec high C = 0.9
|year high C = 13.1
| Jan mean C = -2.9
| Feb mean C = -1.8
| Mar mean C = 2.7
| Apr mean C = 9.2
| May mean C = 14.9
| Jun mean C = 18.0
| Jul mean C = 19.8
| Aug mean C = 19.1
| Sep mean C = 14.3
| Oct mean C = 8.8
| Nov mean C = 2.6
| Dec mean C = -1.9
|year mean C = 8.6
| Jan low C = -5.7
| Feb low C = -4.7
| Mar low C = -0.9
| Apr low C = 4.6
| May low C = 9.8
| Jun low C = 13.3
| Jul low C = 15.1
| Aug low C = 14.4
| Sep low C = 9.9
| Oct low C = 4.9
| Nov low C = -0.2
| Dec low C = -4.4
|year low C = 4.7
| Jan record low C = -30.7
| Feb record low C = -29.0
| Mar record low C = -20.7
| Apr record low C = -13.6
| May record low C = -2.0
| Jun record low C = 3.0
| Jul record low C = 7.4
| Aug record low C = 3.4
| Sep record low C = -4.4
| Oct record low C = -9.7
| Nov record low C = -17.5
| Dec record low C = -28.0
|year record low C = -30.7
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 26
| Feb precipitation mm = 30
| Mar precipitation mm = 32
| Apr precipitation mm = 47
| May precipitation mm = 75
| Jun precipitation mm = 88
| Jul precipitation mm = 97
| Aug precipitation mm = 75
| Sep precipitation mm = 50
| Oct precipitation mm = 36
| Nov precipitation mm = 32
| Dec precipitation mm = 33
|year precipitation mm = 621
| Jan humidity = 83
| Feb humidity = 81
| Mar humidity = 75
| Apr humidity = 69
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 71
| Jul humidity = 71
| Aug humidity = 73
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 79
| Nov humidity = 84
| Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 76
| Jan rain days = 7
| Feb rain days = 7
| Mar rain days = 11
| Apr rain days = 16
| May rain days = 17
| Jun rain days = 18
| Jul rain days = 15
| Aug rain days = 13
| Sep rain days = 13
| Oct rain days = 13
| Nov rain days = 12
| Dec rain days = 9
|year rain days = 151
| Jan snow days = 14
| Feb snow days = 15
| Mar snow days = 10
| Apr snow days = 3
| May snow days = 0.03
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 1
| Nov snow days = 7
| Dec snow days = 13
|year snow days = 63
| Jan sun = 65
| Feb sun = 75
| Mar sun = 123
| Apr sun = 162
| May sun = 219
| Jun sun = 233
| Jul sun = 247
| Aug sun = 246
| Sep sun = 188
| Oct sun = 141
| Nov sun = 68
| Dec sun = 53
|year sun =
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net&lt;ref name=&quot;pogoda&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/33658.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 17, 2012
| publisher = 
| language = Russian
| date = May 2011
| archive-date = 2013-04-16
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130416012028/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/33658.htm
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = NOAA(sun only)&lt;ref name = NOAA&gt;
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UP/33658.TXT
| title = CERNOVCY Climate Normals 1961-1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = December 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=July 2012}}&lt;/div&gt;

===Govrenment an subdiveesions===
Chernivtsi is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[Chernivtsi Oblast]] ([[Oblast|province]]) an the ceety itsel haes awn govrenment athin the oblast unner direct subordination tae oblast.

The territory o Chernivtsi is dividit intae three admeenistrative ceety [[raion]]s (destricts):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! No. !! Name !! in [[Ukrainian leid|Ukrainian]] !! Population
|-
| 1 || Pershotravnevy Raion || Першотравневий район || 69,370
|-
| 2 || [[Sadhora|Sadhora Raion]] || Садгірський район || 28,227
|-
| 3 || Shevchenko Raion&lt;ref&gt;The raion wis umwhile namit ''Lenin Raion''. The raion wis renamit in accordance wi the [[Rivne Oblast|Rivne Oblast Cooncil]]'s decision. [http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=04.06.2007&amp;rf7571=42056] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110128072835/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=04.06.2007&amp;rf7571=42056 |date=2011-01-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Шевченківський район || 139,094
|}

The mayor o Chernivtsi is Mykola Fedoruk, who haes held the poseetion syne 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;city.cv.ua&quot;/&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Ukraine}}

===Twin touns—Sister ceeties===

Chernivtsi is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; &quot;text-align:left;font-size:100%;&quot;|
|-
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white; height:17px; width:150px;&quot; | Kintra
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; ! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot; | Ceety/Toun
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; ! style=&quot;width:200px;&quot; | Coonty / Destrict / Region / State
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|AUT}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Austrick]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:AUT Klagenfurt COA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Klagenfurt]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Carinthia (state).svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Carinthie (state)|Carinthie]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|CAN}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Canadae]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Saskatoon]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Saskatchewan.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Saskatchewan]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|ISR}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Israel]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Coat of Arms of Nazareth Illit.svg|22px]] 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Nazareth Illit]] '''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[North Destrict (Israel)|North Destrict]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|POL}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Poland]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:POL Konin COA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Konin]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:POL powiat koniński COA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Konin Coonty]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|ROU}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Romanie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:ROU_SV_Suceava_CoA.png|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Suceava]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Actual Suceava county CoA.png|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Suceava Coonty]], [[Bucovina]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|ROU}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Romanie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:ROU_IS_Iasi_CoA.png|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Iași]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Actual Iasi county CoA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Iași Coonty]], [[Moldavie]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|RUS}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Roushie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Podolsk (Moscow oblast).svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Podolsk]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Podolsk twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.com/translate?sourceid=navclient&amp;hl=en&amp;u=http%3a%2f%2fadmpodolsk.ru%2findex.php%3fcategoryid%3d126|title=Podolsk sister cities|publisher=Translate.google.com|date=|accessdate=2010-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Moscow oblast.svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Moscow Oblast]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|USA}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | Unitit States
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  |
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Salt Lake City]] '''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Utah.svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Utah]]''
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Chernivtsi}}

{{Cities in Ukraine}}
{{Chernivtsi Oblast}}

[[Category:Chernivtsi|*]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Chernivtsi Oblast]]
[[Category:Shtetls]]
[[Category:Bukovinae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="22205" sha1="qcojgu2crju5xs6wl2nypn0aezfasgg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Chernivtsi
|native_name            = Чернівці {{uk icon}}
|nickname               = &quot;Little Vienna&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;day&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cognita&quot;/&gt;
|image_skyline          = Chernivtsi University.jpg
|image_caption          = [[Residence o Bukovinie an Dalmatie Metropolitans]]
|image_flag             = Flag_of_Chernivtsi.jpg
|image_shield           = Chernivtsi coat of arms.jpg
|shield_size            = 100px
|pushpin_map             = Ukraine
|pushpin_map_caption     = Location o Chernivtsi in Ukraine
|coordinates            = {{coord|48|18|0|N|25|56|0|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
|image_map              = Cernauti.png
|map_caption            = The Chernivtsi Ceety Municipality (center) on the map o [[Chernivtsi Oblast]].
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Oblasts o Ukraine|Oblast]]
|subdivision_name1      = {{flag|Chernivtsi Oblast}}
|subdivision_type2      = [[Raions o Ukraine|Raion]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Chernivtsi Raion]]
|parts_type             = [[#Govrenment an admeenistrative diveesions|Subdiveesions]]
|leader_title           = Ceety Cooncil Secretar
|leader_name            = Vitaliy Mykhailishyn&lt;ref name=CouncilWebsite&gt;[http://chernivtsy.eu/english/ Чернівецька міська рада (Chernivtsi City Council)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|established_title      = First mentioned
|established_date       = 1408
|established_title2     = [[Ceety richts]]
|established_date2      = 14t century
|area_total_km2         = 153
|population_as_of       = 2013
|population_total       = 259419
|population_metro       = 723100
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone               = EET
|utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = EEST
|utc_offset_DST         = +3
|elevation_m            = 248
|postal_code_type       = Postal code
|postal_code            = 58000
|area_code              = +380 372
|registration_plate     = CE/26
|blank_name             = [[Toun twinnin|Sister ceeties]]
|blank_info             = &lt;small&gt;[[Salt Lake City]], [[Konin]], [[Suceava]], [[Nazareth Illit]], [[Saskatoon]], [[Klagenfurt]], [[Podolsk]]&lt;/small&gt;
|website                = [http://www.city.cv.ua/ www.city.cv.ua]
[http://www.chernivtsy.eu/ www.chernivtsy.eu]
}}

'''Chernivtsi''' ({{lang-uk|Чернівці́}}, {{IPA-uk|t͡ʃerniu̯ˈt͡sʲi}}; see an aw [[Names o European ceeties in different leids: C-D#C|ither names]]) is a ceety in [[Wastren Ukraine|wastren]] [[Ukraine]], situatit on the upper course o the [[Prut|River Prut]]. Chernivtsi is the [[Caipital ceety|admeenistrative centre]] o [[Chernivtsi Oblast]] ([[oblast|province]]) - the northren, Ukrainian pairt o the European historic region o [[Bukovina]]. At the time o the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|2001 Ukrainian Census]], the population o the ceety wis 240,600.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census&quot;&gt;{{Wayback |date=20051226110246 |url=http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/estimate/Chernivtsi/ |title=About number and composition population of CHERNIVTSI REGION by data All-Ukrainian Population Census '2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Thegither wi the ceety o [[Lviv]], Chernivtsi is viewed at present tae be a cultural centre o wastren Ukraine. The ceety is considered ane o modren Ukraine's greatest cultural, educational an airchitectural centres an aw. Historically in that role, Chernivtsi wis even dubbit &quot;Little [[Vienna]],&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;day&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.day.kiev.ua/126685/|title=Bukovyna Week in Austria|accessdate=2007-09-26|author=|date=Zhytariuk, Natalia|work=[[Den (newspaper)|Den]]|archive-date=2005-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320182015/http://www.day.kiev.ua/126685/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cognita&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcognita.com.ua/eng/western/170/?ch=595e8574c|title=Bukovina. The beech tree land|accessdate=2007-09-26|work=Ukraine Cognita|archive-date=2011-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064618/http://www.ukrcognita.com.ua/eng/western/170/?ch=595e8574c|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Jerusalem]] upon the Prut&quot;. The ceety is a major pynt o railwey an heich-gate crossins in the region, an hooses a [[Chernivtsi Internaitional Airport|internaitional airport]].

==Name==
Aside frae Ukrainian, Chernivtsi is kent bi mony different names an aw, which wur uised durin times o rule bi different kintras throuoot the ceety's history, or bi the respective population groups at the time: {{lang-ro|Cernăuți}}; {{lang-de|Czernowitz}}; {{lang-pl|Czerniowce}}; {{lang-hu|Csernovic}}, {{lang-ru|Черновцы́|italic=yes}}, [[Romanisation o Roushie|translit.]] ''Chernovtsy'' (till 1944: Чернови́цы, [[Romanisation o Roushie|translit.]] ''Chernovitsy''). In the times o Halych-Volyn Principality the ceety's name wis ''Chern''.

==History==
Aircheological evidence discovered in the aurie surroondin Chernivtsi indicates that a population inhabitit it syne the [[Neolithic]] era. Later dounsets includit those o the [[Cucuteni-Trypillian cultur]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20043%2F34|title=Trypillya&amp;nbsp;— a culture that was contemporaneous with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia|accessdate=2007-09-27|work=Welcome to Ukraine|archive-date=2020-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211015840/http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20043%2F34|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Corded Ware culture]]; artifacts frae the [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] and [[Iron Age]]s war an aa foond in the ceety.

A fortifee'd dounset locatit on the left (north-eastren) shore o Prut dates back tae the time o the [[Galicie-Volhynie|Principality o Halych]] an is thocht tae hae been biggit bi [[Knyaz|Grand Prince]] [[Yaroslav Osmomysl]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hist&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.komkon.org/~sher/chern/hist.html|title=City of Chernivtsi&amp;nbsp;– History|accessdate=2007-09-25|work=The Komkon Site}}&lt;/ref&gt; Legendar accoonts refer tae this fortress-ceety as ''Chern’'', or ''Black ceety''; it is said tae awe its name tae the black colour o the ceety waws, biggit frae daurk [[aik]] layered wi [[chernozem|local black-coloured soil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;city.cv.ua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.city.cv.ua/English/History/|title=History|accessdate=2007-09-25|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site}}&lt;/ref&gt; This early stranghauld wis destroyed durin the [[Mongol invasion o Europe]] bi the [[Burundai]] in 1259. Housomeivver, the remainin rampairts o the fortress wur still uised for defence purposes; in the 17t century thay wur augmentit wi several bastions, ane o which is still extant.

[[File:Greater austria ethnic.svg|thumb|right|250px|Cairt o the ''[[Unitit States o Greater Austrick]]'', proponit in 1906, shows the ceety at the mairch o the auries inhabitit bi Romanies an Ukrainians.]]

Follaein the destruction o the fortress, later dounsets in the aurie centreed on the richt (sooth-wastren) shore o the Prut River, at a mair strategically advantageous, elevatit location. In 1325, whan [[Kinrick o Poland (1025–1385)|Kinrick o Poland]] seisit control o [[Galicie (Central Europe)|Galicie]], an came intae contact wi the early [[Vlachs|Vlach]] ([[Romanies|Romanie]]) feudal formations, a fort wis mentioned unner the name ''Țețina''; it wis defendin the ford an crossin pynt on the [[Prut River]]. It wis pairt o a group o three fortifications, the ither twa bein the fortress o [[Khotyn|Hotin]] on the Dniester tae the east, an a fort on the [[Kolachin River]], a upriver tributar o Prut.

Atween 1359 an 1775, the ceety an its surroondins wur pairt o the [[Moldavie|Principality o Moldavie]]; the ceety bein the admeenistrative centre o the [[Cernăuţi Coonty|homonymous ''ţinut'' (coonty)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{ro}} [http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/texte/pahomi.html Cetatea Ţeţina – Cernăuţi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104301/http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/texte/pahomi.html |date=2011-10-09 }}, ''Astra'', 3 (13), 1998&lt;/ref&gt; The name Cernăuţi/Chernivtsi is first attestit in a document bi [[Alexander the Guid]] on 8 October 1408.&lt;ref&gt;{{ro}}[http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/revistaromana/ Cernăuţi-600 de ani de atestare documentară internă] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104345/http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/revistaromana/ |date=2011-10-09 }}, ''Astra'', 4 (54), 2008, p.3&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] soorces, the ceety wis mentioned as &quot;Çernovi&quot;.

In 1775, the northwastren pairt o the territory o Moldavie wis annexed bi the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburg Empire]]; this region became kent as [[Bukovina]]. The ceety became the region's caipital, which in 1849 wis raised in status an became kent as the Duchy o Bukovina, a crounland o the [[Austrian Empire]]. The ceety receivit [[Magdeburg richts]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://heraldry.com.ua/index.php3?lang=E&amp;context=info&amp;id=1155|title=Chernivtsi|accessdate=2007-09-25|work=Ukrainian heraldy|archive-date=2020-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207011259/http://heraldry.com.ua/index.php3?lang=E&amp;context=info&amp;id=1155|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ceety began tae flourish in 1778 whan Knicht [[Karl von Enzenberg]] wis appointit the chief o the Militar Admeenistration. He invitit mony merchants, craftsmen an entrepreneurs tae help develop tred an ither businesses. [[Saunt Peter]]'s Fairs (1–15 Julie) haed gien a new vibrant impulse tae the mercat development frae 1786. In the late 19t century the German leid—due tae the Habsburgian an the vera important Jewish influence—became the lingua franca an mair an mair newspapers wur editit in German, a remarkable leeterar production in German began in this period an aw, featurin maist prominently [[Karl Emil Franzos]].&lt;ref&gt;Ion Lihaciu, Czernowitz 1848-1948. Das kulturelle Leben einer Provinzmetropole, Parthenon Verlag, Kaiserslautern und Mehlingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-942994-00-2&lt;/ref&gt;

Durin the 19t an early 20t century, Chernivtsi became a centre o baith Romanie an Ukrainian naitional muivements. In 1908, it wis the steid o the first [[Yiddish leid]] conference, the [[Czernowitz Conference]], coordinatit bi [[Nathan Birnbaum]]. When [[Austrick-Hungary]] dissolvit in 1918, the ceety an its surroondin aurie [[General Congress o Bukovina|became pairt]] o the [[Kinrick o Romanie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eb&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9017989/Bukovina |title=Bukovina|accessdate=2007-09-26|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1930, the ceety reached a population o 112,400: 26.8% [[Jews]], 23.2% [[Romanies]], 20.8% [[Bukovina Germans|Germans]], 18.6% [[Ukrainians]], the remainder [[Poles]] an ithers. It wis ane o the five varsity centres o interwar Romanie.

In 1940, the [[Red Airmy]] [[Soviet occupation o Bessarabie an Northren Bukovina|occupee'd the aurie]]; the aurie aroond the ceety became kent as [[Chernivtsi Oblast]], an wis allottit tae the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]] bi the Soviet Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;eb&quot;/&gt; The ceety's lairge Romanie intelligentsia foond refuge in Romanie; while the Bukovina Germans wur repatriatit accordin tae a Soviet-Nazi greement. This promptit Romanie tae switch frae an allee o Fraunce an Breetain tae ane o Nazi Germany; in Julie 1941, the Romanie Airmy reteuk the ceety as pairt o the [[Operation Barbarossa|Axis attack on the Soviet Union]] durin Warld War II. In August 1941, Romanie militar dictator [[Ion Antonescu]] ordered the creation o a [[ghetto]] in the lawland pairt o the ceety, whaur 50,000 [[Bukovina Jews]] wur crammit, twa-thirds o whom wad be deportit tae [[Transnistrie (Warld War II)|Transnistrie]] in October 1941 an pairtly in early 1942, whaur the majority perished. Romanian mayor o the ceety [[Traian Popovici]] managit tae persuade Antonescu tae raise the nummer o Jews exemptit frae deportation frae 200 tae 20,000.

In 1944, whan [[Axis forces]] wur driven oot bi the Reid Airmy, the ceety wis reincorporatit intae the Ukrainian SSR. Ower the follaein years, maist o the Jews left for [[Israel]]; the ceety wis a important node in the [[Berihah]] netwirk. Bukovina Poles wur repatriatit bi the Soviets efter Warld War II an aw. The ceety became a predominantly Ukrainian ane.

Syne 1991, Chernitvtsi haes been a pairt o unthirlt Ukraine. In Mey 1999, Romanie opened a [[consulate general]] in the ceety. Contemporar Chernivtsi is a important regional centre, which is situatit on the picturesque banks o the Prut River an occupees a aurie o aboot {{convert|150|km2|sqmi}}.

==Geografie an climate==
Chernivtsi is locatit in the historic region o [[Bukovina]], which is currently shared atween Romanie (sooth) an Ukraine (north). The ceety lees 248 metres [[abuin sea level]], an is surroondit bi forests an fields. The River [[Prut]] runs throu the ceety's landscape.
&lt;div style=&quot;width:85%;&quot;&gt;
{{Weather box|location = Chernivtsi
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 15.3
| Feb record high C = 21.3
| Mar record high C = 24.6
| Apr record high C = 30.7
| May record high C = 33.5
| Jun record high C = 35.6
| Jul record high C = 37.4
| Aug record high C = 37.7
| Sep record high C = 36.3
| Oct record high C = 31.0
| Nov record high C = 23.8
| Dec record high C = 17.9
|year record high C = 37.7
| Jan high C = 0.1
| Feb high C = 1.7
| Mar high C = 7.2
| Apr high C = 14.5
| May high C = 20.4
| Jun high C = 23.1
| Jul high C = 25.1
| Aug high C = 24.6
| Sep high C = 19.6
| Oct high C = 13.8
| Nov high C = 6.1
| Dec high C = 0.9
|year high C = 13.1
| Jan mean C = -2.9
| Feb mean C = -1.8
| Mar mean C = 2.7
| Apr mean C = 9.2
| May mean C = 14.9
| Jun mean C = 18.0
| Jul mean C = 19.8
| Aug mean C = 19.1
| Sep mean C = 14.3
| Oct mean C = 8.8
| Nov mean C = 2.6
| Dec mean C = -1.9
|year mean C = 8.6
| Jan low C = -5.7
| Feb low C = -4.7
| Mar low C = -0.9
| Apr low C = 4.6
| May low C = 9.8
| Jun low C = 13.3
| Jul low C = 15.1
| Aug low C = 14.4
| Sep low C = 9.9
| Oct low C = 4.9
| Nov low C = -0.2
| Dec low C = -4.4
|year low C = 4.7
| Jan record low C = -30.7
| Feb record low C = -29.0
| Mar record low C = -20.7
| Apr record low C = -13.6
| May record low C = -2.0
| Jun record low C = 3.0
| Jul record low C = 7.4
| Aug record low C = 3.4
| Sep record low C = -4.4
| Oct record low C = -9.7
| Nov record low C = -17.5
| Dec record low C = -28.0
|year record low C = -30.7
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 26
| Feb precipitation mm = 30
| Mar precipitation mm = 32
| Apr precipitation mm = 47
| May precipitation mm = 75
| Jun precipitation mm = 88
| Jul precipitation mm = 97
| Aug precipitation mm = 75
| Sep precipitation mm = 50
| Oct precipitation mm = 36
| Nov precipitation mm = 32
| Dec precipitation mm = 33
|year precipitation mm = 621
| Jan humidity = 83
| Feb humidity = 81
| Mar humidity = 75
| Apr humidity = 69
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 71
| Jul humidity = 71
| Aug humidity = 73
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 79
| Nov humidity = 84
| Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 76
| Jan rain days = 7
| Feb rain days = 7
| Mar rain days = 11
| Apr rain days = 16
| May rain days = 17
| Jun rain days = 18
| Jul rain days = 15
| Aug rain days = 13
| Sep rain days = 13
| Oct rain days = 13
| Nov rain days = 12
| Dec rain days = 9
|year rain days = 151
| Jan snow days = 14
| Feb snow days = 15
| Mar snow days = 10
| Apr snow days = 3
| May snow days = 0.03
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 1
| Nov snow days = 7
| Dec snow days = 13
|year snow days = 63
| Jan sun = 65
| Feb sun = 75
| Mar sun = 123
| Apr sun = 162
| May sun = 219
| Jun sun = 233
| Jul sun = 247
| Aug sun = 246
| Sep sun = 188
| Oct sun = 141
| Nov sun = 68
| Dec sun = 53
|year sun =
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net&lt;ref name=&quot;pogoda&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/33658.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 17, 2012
| publisher = 
| language = Russian
| date = May 2011
| archive-date = 2013-04-16
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130416012028/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/33658.htm
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = NOAA(sun only)&lt;ref name = NOAA&gt;
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UP/33658.TXT
| title = CERNOVCY Climate Normals 1961-1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = December 17, 2012
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=July 2012}}&lt;/div&gt;

===Govrenment an subdiveesions===
Chernivtsi is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[Chernivtsi Oblast]] ([[Oblast|province]]) an the ceety itsel haes awn govrenment athin the oblast unner direct subordination tae oblast.

The territory o Chernivtsi is dividit intae three admeenistrative ceety [[raion]]s (destricts):
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! No. !! Name !! in [[Ukrainian leid|Ukrainian]] !! Population
|-
| 1 || Pershotravnevy Raion || Першотравневий район || 69,370
|-
| 2 || [[Sadhora|Sadhora Raion]] || Садгірський район || 28,227
|-
| 3 || Shevchenko Raion&lt;ref&gt;The raion wis umwhile namit ''Lenin Raion''. The raion wis renamit in accordance wi the [[Rivne Oblast|Rivne Oblast Cooncil]]'s decision. [http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=04.06.2007&amp;rf7571=42056] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110128072835/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=04.06.2007&amp;rf7571=42056 |date=2011-01-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Шевченківський район || 139,094
|}

The mayor o Chernivtsi is Mykola Fedoruk, who haes held the poseetion syne 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;city.cv.ua&quot;/&gt;

==Internaitional relations==
{{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Ukraine}}

===Twin touns—Sister ceeties===

Chernivtsi is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; &quot;text-align:left;font-size:100%;&quot;|
|-
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white; height:17px; width:150px;&quot; | Kintra
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; ! style=&quot;width:150px;&quot; | Ceety/Toun
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#810541; color:white;&quot; ! style=&quot;width:200px;&quot; | Coonty / Destrict / Region / State
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|AUT}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Austrick]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:AUT Klagenfurt COA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Klagenfurt]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Carinthia (state).svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Carinthie (state)|Carinthie]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|CAN}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Canadae]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Saskatoon]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Saskatchewan.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Saskatchewan]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|ISR}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Israel]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Coat of Arms of Nazareth Illit.svg|22px]] 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Nazareth Illit]] '''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[North Destrict (Israel)|North Destrict]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|POL}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Poland]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:POL Konin COA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Konin]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:POL powiat koniński COA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Konin Coonty]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|ROU}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Romanie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:ROU_SV_Suceava_CoA.png|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Suceava]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Actual Suceava county CoA.png|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Suceava Coonty]], [[Bucovina]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|ROU}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Romanie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:ROU_IS_Iasi_CoA.png|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Iași]]'''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Actual Iasi county CoA.svg|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Iași Coonty]], [[Moldavie]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|RUS}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[Roushie]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Podolsk (Moscow oblast).svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Podolsk]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Podolsk twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.com/translate?sourceid=navclient&amp;hl=en&amp;u=http%3a%2f%2fadmpodolsk.ru%2findex.php%3fcategoryid%3d126|title=Podolsk sister cities|publisher=Translate.google.com|date=|accessdate=2010-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Moscow oblast.svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Moscow Oblast]]''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | {{flagicon|USA}} 
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | Unitit States
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  |
! style=&quot;background:#ffffcf; color:black;&quot; !  | '''[[Salt Lake City]] '''
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | [[File:Flag of Utah.svg|border|25px]]
! style=&quot;background:#ffffef; color:black;&quot; !  | ''[[Utah]]''
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Chernivtsi}}

{{Cities in Ukraine}}
{{Chernivtsi Oblast}}

[[Category:Chernivtsi|*]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Chernivtsi Oblast]]
[[Category:Shtetls]]
[[Category:Bukovinae]]</text>
      <sha1>qcojgu2crju5xs6wl2nypn0aezfasgg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Great Waw o Cheenae</title>
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      <text bytes="5132" sha1="lrbzvlm1c8e543i4xei3vfq7rs3ez4a" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox historic biggin
|name = Great Waw o Cheenae
|native_name = 万里长城
|native_name_lang = zh-hans
|image = The Great Wall of China at Jinshanling.jpg
|caption = The Great Wall of China at Jinshanling
|image_map = Map of the Great Wall of China.jpg
|map_caption = Map o aw the wa constructions
|location_country ={{flag|China}}
|coordinates = {{coord|40.67693|117.23193|region:CN|display=inline,title}}
|embedded = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1=WHS
   | designation1_offname=The Great Wall
   | designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#1987 (11th session)|1987]] &lt;small&gt;(11th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])&lt;/small&gt;
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, vi
   | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438 438]
   | designation1_free1name = State Party
   | designation1_free1value = China
   | designation1_free2name = Region
   | designation1_free2value = Asia-Pacific
}}

|size = {{convert|21,196|km|mi|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-05/china-s-great-wall-found-to-measure-more-than-20-000-kilometers.html|title=China’s Great Wall Found To Measure More Than 20,000 Kilometers|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=2012-06-05|accessdate=2012-06-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|start_date = 7th century BC 
|biggin_type = Fortification
}}
{{chinese|s={{linktext|长|城}}|t={{linktext|長|城}}|p=Chángchéng|l=lang waw|w=Ch'angch'eng|s2=万里长城|t2=萬里長城|p2=Wànlǐ Chángchéng|l2=The long wall of 10,000 [[Li (unit)|Li]] ({{linktext|里}})&lt;ref&gt;10,000 ''li'' = {{convert|6,508|km|mi|abbr=on}}. In Chinese, 10,000 [[Literal and figurative language|figuratively]] means &quot;infinite&quot;, and the number should not be interpreted for its actual value, but rather as meaning the &quot;infinitely long wall&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;|w2=Wanli Ch'angch'eng}}

The '''Great Waw o Cheenae''' is a series o [[fortification]]s made o stane, brick, [[Rammit yird|tamped yird]], firth, an ither materials, generally biggit alang an east-tae-wast line athort the historical northren borders o [[Cheenae]] in pairt tae pertect the Cheenese Empire or its prototeepical states agin intrusions bi various nomadic groups or militar incursions bi various warlike fowks or forces. Several waws wur bein biggit sae air as the 7t century BC;&lt;ref name=nyt&gt;{{cite book|title=The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorktimesguid0000unse_g2b7|author=''[[The New York Times]]'' wi introduction bi [[Sam Tanenhaus]]|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] of [[Macmillan Publishers]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-312-64302-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/newyorktimesguid0000unse_g2b7/page/1131 1131]|quote=Beginning as separate sections of fortification around the 7th century B.C. and unified during the Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century B.C., this wa, biggit o earth an rubble wi a facing of brick or stane, rins frae east to west athort China for ower 4,000 miles.}}&lt;/ref&gt; thaim, later jyned thegither an biggit heicher an stranger, are nou collectively referred tae as the Great Waw.&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243863/Great-Wall-of-China|title=Great Wall of China|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|quote=Large parts of the fortification system date frae the 7th through the 4th century BC. In the 3rd century BC Shihuangdi (Qin Shihuang), the first emperor of a united China (under the Qin dynasty), conneckit a number of existing defensive walls into a single system. Traditionally, the eastern terminus of the wall was considered to be Shanhai Pass (Shanhaiguan) in eastern Hebei province along the coast of the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli), and the wall’s length—without its branches and other secondary sections—was thought to extend for some 4,160 miles (6,700 km).}}&lt;/ref&gt; Especially famous is the waw biggit atween 220–206 BC bi the first [[Emperor o Cheenae]], [[Qin Shi Huang]]. Little o that waw remains. Syne then, the Great Waw haes on an aff been rebuilt, maintained, an enhancit; the majority o the existin waw are frae the [[Ming Dynasty]].

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{sisterlinks}}
*[http://www.friendsofgreatwall.org/ International Friends of the Great Wall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217190147/http://friendsofgreatwall.org/ |date=2009-02-17 }}&amp;nbsp;– organisation focused on conservation
*[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438 UNESCO World Heritage Centre profile]
*[http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn/ Enthusiast/scholar website] {{zh icon}}
*{{In Our Time|Great Wall of China|b00s3h3w|Great_Wall_of_China}}
*[http://www.kuriositas.com/2012/07/the-great-wall-of-china-diverse.html Photoset of lesser visited areas of the Great Wall]

{{Great Waw o Cheenae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Great Waw O Cheenae}}
[[Category:Great Waw o Cheenae| ]]
[[Category:Waws]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Cheenae]]
[[Category:Cheenese airchitectural history]]
[[Category:Naitional seembols o Cheenae]]
[[Category:Megastructurs]]
[[Category:Border barriers]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Queanbeyan</title>
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      <text bytes="19357" sha1="kyn3nsvqvvlc4gl2cw1m01dm9ayvdqc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Australian place
| type          = city
| name          = Queanbeyan
| state         = nsw
| image         = QueanbeyanSky.jpg
| caption       = Queanbeyan photographed frae the air.  The Ridgeway is in the richt foregrund, Jerrabomberra in the top left
| coordinates   = {{coord|35|21|12|S|149|14|03|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pop           = 37991
| pop_year      = {{CensusAU|2011}}
| pop_footnotes = &lt;ref name=Census2011Y&gt;{{Census 2011 AUS|id=145056470|name=Canberra-Queanbeyan (C) (Statistical Local Area)|accessdate=18 December 2013|quick=on}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| poprank       = 
| density       = 210
| elevation     = 576
| est           = 1838
| area          = 173
| timezone      = AEST
| utc           = +10:00
| timezone-dst  = AEDT
| utc-dst       = +11:00
| stategov      = Monaro
| fedgov        = [[Division of Eden-Monaro|Eden-Monaro]]
| lga           = Queanbeyan City Council
| dist1         = 14.9
| location1     = Canberra
| near-nw       = [[Yass, New Sooth Wales|Yass]]
| near-n        = [[Gunning, New Sooth Wales|Gunning]]
| near-ne       = [[Goulburn]]
| near-w        = [[Canberra]]
| near-e        = [[Bungendore]]
| near-sw       = [[Michelago]]
| near-s        = [[Cooma]]
| near-se       = [[Captains Flat]]
}}
'''Queanbeyan''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|iː|n|b|i|ən}} is a regional centre in the [[Southern Tablelands]] in sooth-eastren [[New Sooth Wales]] adjacent tae the [[Australie Caipital Territory]]. The ceety's mixed economy is based on licht construction, heich technology, manufacturin, service, retail an agricultur. It is the cooncil seat o the [[Queanbeyan City Council]]. At the 2011 census, Queanbeyan haed a population o 37,991.&lt;ref name=Census2011Y /&gt;

Follaein the foondin o [[Canberra]], [[Australie]]'s federal caipital, juist {{convert|15|km|mi}} tae the wast, Queanbeyan haes acome an integral pairt o the caipital ceety's economy. The wird ''Queanbeyan'' is the anglicisit fuirm o ''Quinbean''{{snd}}an Aboriginal wird meanin ''&quot;clear waters&quot;''.

== History ==
The toun grew frae a squattage held bi ex-[[convict]] an inn keeper, [[Timothy Beard]], on the banks o the [[Molonglo River]] in wha is nou [[Oaks Estate]]. The toun centre of Queanbeyan is locatit on the [[Queanbeyan River]], a tributar o the [[Molonglo River]] an aboot ane mile east o Oaks Estate.

Queanbeyan wis offeecially proclaimit a tounship in 1838 when the population wis aboot 50. The local [[Queanbeyan Pairish|pairish]] wis kent bi that name an aw an later still the member for the electorate o Queanbeyan held a seat in the legislative assembly o the colony o NSW. On 28 November 1837 the Colonial Secretar annooncit the appointment o Caiptain Allured Tasker Faunce as resident polis magistrate at Queanbeyan. His hamesteid, cried Dodsworth, wis situatit on the banks o the Queanbeyan river opposite the toun.&lt;ref&gt;Errol Lea-Scarlet. Queanbeyan. District and People. Queanbeyan Municipal Council 1968 p27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Traces o gowd wur discovered in 1851 an lead an siller mines flourished briefly an aw. Settlers wur harassed bi [[bushranger]]s, o which James Shaw, William Millet, an John Rueben,&lt;ref&gt;[http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/2557117?searchTerm=queanbeyan The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser Saturday 13 August 1842]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[John Tennant (bushranger)|John Tennant]], [[William Westwood (bushranger)|Jacky Jacky]], [[Frank Gardiner]] an [[Ben Hall (bushranger)|Ben Hall]] wur some o the mair notorious. In 1836, a Post Office wis established.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/2203354?searchTerm=queanbeyan The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser Tuesday 22 March 1836]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Commercial Banking Company of Sydney Limited (CBC, nou pairt o the [[National Australia Bank]]) opened in Queanbeyan on 19 September 1859. The [[Westpac|Bank of New South Wales]] began service in Queanbeyan in 1878. ''The Golden Age'' (nou ''[[The Queanbeyan Age]]'') wis Queanbeyan's first newspaper an wis foondit in 1860 bi [[John Gale (jurnalist)|John Gale]]. In 1880 the residence o John James Wright, the first mayor o Queanbeyan, wis constructit alang the edge o the Queanbeyan River. In 1982 that biggin became the Queanbeyan Airt Centre.

The [[Salvation Army]] claimit a ootpost in Queanbeyan in 1884.

Queanbeyan, a increasinly successfu primar producin destrict, wis proclaimit a Municipality in Februar 1885 incorporatin a aurie o 5,700 acres (23&amp;nbsp;km²). The [[railwey]] reached [[Queanbeyan railwey station, New Sooth Wales|Queanbeyan railwey station]] in 1887 an it became the junction for the lines goin tae [[Canberra]] an [[Bombala]]. The toun is servit bi the thrice-daily [[NSW TrainLink]] Xplorer service atween Canberra an [[Sydney]].

[[File:Queanbeyan river030.jpg|thumb|right|Brig near the centre o toun ower the river]]
[[File:Royal Hotel, Queanbeyan-Junction of Monaro Street and Crawford Street.jpg|thumb|[[Royal Hotel]] in Queanbeyan, biggit 1926]]
[[File:Queabeyan Solar Farm.jpg|thumb|right|Queanbeyan Solar Farm established 1999]]
[[File:The Q - Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre.jpg|thumb|The &quot;Q&quot; - Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre]]
[[File:Benedict House, Queanbeyan.jpg|thumb|A umwhile monastery, St Benedicts nou hooses a nummer o local businesses]]
[[File:Frank Pangallo Heritage Library Queanbeyan.jpg|thumb|Queanbeyan's &quot;Tidy Town&quot; awairds are proudly displayed on the Queanbeyan Council Chambers Building (c. 1927)]]
[[William Farrer|William James Farrer]], the wheat experimentalist, established Queanbeyan's reputation as a agricultural destrict wi his famous &quot;Federation&quot; rust-free strain, developit on his property ''&quot;Lambrigg&quot;'' at [[Tharwa]]. Farrer's wirk wis anerly slowly recognisit elsewhaur in Australie, but local fermers supported him, parteecularly in his development o &quot;Blount's Lambrigg&quot;, anither strain which in 1889 gae howp tae fermers efter the disastrous saison o 1887 when crops haed failed efter hivy Christenmas rains.

At the hicht o its landwart prosperity Queanbeyan boastit saxteen public hooses an sax flourmills pouered bi wind, watter, horse an steam. The Royal Hotel on Monaro Street opened in 1926.  Canberra wis &quot;dry&quot; frae 1911 at the time o the territory's foondation till 1928 when Federal Pairlament haed relocatit frae Melbourne.  In that period mony o the caipital's residents crossed the mairch tae drink at ane o Queanbeyan's hotels.

Queanbeyan wis grantit ceety status on 7 Julie 1972. On 21 Julie 1975 the Queen's Brig wis opened. This brdg teuk pressur aff the existin brig in linkin Monaro Street directly tae the east. Frae 1982 tae 1989, the [[Canberra Raiders]] [[rugby league]] team played thair hame gemmes in Queanbeyan, at [[Seiffert Oval]].

Sye Dizember 2008, the ADF's HQ [[Joint Operations Command (Australia)|Joint Operations Command]] haes been based adjacent tae the [[Kowen]] destrict o the [[Australie Caipital Territory]], juist sooth o the [[Kings Highway (Australie)|Kings Highway]], aboot 15&amp;nbsp;km east o Queanbeyan, an 15&amp;nbsp;km sooth o [[Bungendore, New Sooth Wales]].

== The day ==

Queanbeyan is a regional centre providin the opportunity for fowk tae wirk in [[Canberra]] an live in [[New Sooth Wales]]. The ceety is hame tae a lairge shoppin centre kent as Riverside Plaza. Queanbeyan haes maist o the major fast fuid ootlets an speciality stores.

Queanbeyan haes twa govrenment heich schuils: Queanbeyan High an Karabar High.  Queanbeyan primar schuils include Queanbeyan South Public School, Queanbeyan West Public School, Queanbeyan East Public School, Queanbeyan Public School, Jerrabomberra Public School an St Gregory's Primary School.

The [[Queanbeyan District Hospital]] is a smaw but modren facility providin Maternity, Emergency an some Commonty Halth services. Queanbeyan haes a ambulance station, indoor an ootdoor soummin puil, commonty centre, performin airts centre, a public librar an several pairks.

The ceety's local bus service is [[Qcity Transit]], which operates routes intae Canberra an aw.

On 16 Dizember 2006, level 3 watter restrictions wur introducit for the first time in Queanbeyan.&lt;ref&gt;See [http://www.qcc.nsw.gov.au/page.aspx?page=65 Queanbeyan City Council  - compulsory water restrictions]&lt;/ref&gt;

Queanbeyan is protectit bi twa fire services, [[NSWFB]] an a [[NSWRFS]] Volunteer Brigade (Queanbeyan City Brigade).&lt;ref&gt;see [http://www.fire.asn.au Queanbeyan Brigade] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516200703/http://fire.asn.au/ |date=2014-05-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Commerce an industry ==

Queanbeyan haes twa licht manufacturin/industrial precincts centred on Gilmore Road an Yass Road. The Queanbeyan Solar Farm wi 720 solar panels haes a generatin capacity o 50&amp;nbsp;kW, an is locatit in the Yass Road aurie. Queanbeyan haes a lairge an significant retail mercat in roses, which are sourcit frae the local destrict.
&lt;!--
== Sport and culture ==
Queanbeyan has a strong sporting culture. One of the major sports in Queanbeyan is [[Rugby league|Rugby League]]. The town has two teams, the Queanbeyan Blues and the Queanbeyan Kangaroos, of which the Kangaroos are, as of 2010, the more powerful team winning the 2010, 2011 and 2013 Premierships. In addition Queanbeyan has a successful [[Australian Rules Football]] team, the Queanbeyan Tigers, and a successful [[Rugby Union]] team, the [[Queanbeyan Whites]], who secured two premierships in 2007 by claiming the first grade and colts titles. Queanbeyan has fostered many rugby superstars including [[Ricky Stuart]], [[Heather McKay]](MBE)(AM) Squash and raquetball, [[David Campese]], [[Matt Giteau]], [[Matt Henjak]], [[Anthony Faingaa]] and [[Saia Faingaa]]. Other sporting icons include [[Mark Webber]], a [[Formula One]] driver, and local sporting heroes [[Terry Campese]] and [[Trevor Thurling]] who play for the local [[National Rugby League]] team the [[Canberra Raiders]]. The [[Queanbeyan District Cricket Club]] has been very successful and is linked with Australian test player and Queanbeyan resident [[Brad Haddin]].

The Queanbeyan Show, which started over 100 years ago, is held annually at the Queanbeyan Showgrounds in November over two days.  There are equestrian events, a sideshow alley, art and craft displays, cooking exhibits, an agricultural pavilion and livestock exhibitions.  Also held is a Showgirl, Miss Junior Showgirl and Tiny Tots competition.

In February, the Queanbeyan Showgrounds play host to the annual &quot;Convoy for Kids&quot; to aid cancer research. The event is widely supported by community groups, regional businesses and the emergency services. The event attracts hundreds of commercial vehicles, trucks, prime movers and bushfire brigade vehicles. The highlight of the afternoon is the sounding of horns, which can be heard for miles around. Other regular events throughout the year include the Rodeo in March, Field Days, and a camping and off-road vehicle show.

On 3 December, Queanbeyan hosts an annual Festival of Ability as part of the [[Don't DIS my ABILITY]] campaign, celebrating [[International Day of Persons with Disabilities]]. The event attracts more than 3,500 people and is a community celebration, acknowledging the strengths, skills and achievements of people with a disability in the Queanbeyan region.

In March 2008, the Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre - ''the Q'' - became the new home for the ''Queanbeyan Players'' who have provided over thirty years of live theatre and dramatic entertainment for the Queanbeyan community.&lt;ref&gt;See [http://www.gg.gov.au/governorgeneral/speech.php?id=388 Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia - Speech - Opening of the Queanbeyan Performing Arts Centre]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Politics ==
Federally, Queanbeyan lies within the electorate of Eden-Monaro, currently held by [[Peter Hendy (politeecian)|Peter Hendy]] representing the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]].

At a state level, Queanbeyan is the major population centre in the seat of Monaro, and is currently held by [[John Barilaro]] of [[The Nationals]].

== Historic places and monuments ==

*'''1838 Anna Maria Faunce memorial:''' The oldest memorial grave-stone in existence in Queanbeyan was/is that of Anna Maria Faunce (born 30 November 1838), the eight month old daughter of Captain Allured Tasker Faunce.&lt;ref&gt;Rex Cross. Bygone Queanbeyan. Queanbeyan Publishing Company, 1985 ISBN 0-9591096-0-9&lt;/ref&gt; The Memorial had not been seen for many years and was rediscovered by the Wheeler family.&lt;ref&gt;Enid Wheeler. The Lost Headstone. Canberra Times. 10 December 1992.&lt;/ref&gt; The broken stone pieces were taken to the Queanbeyan Museum to arrange for repairs, sighted in broken pieces in a box at the Museum in the late 1990s, but the location now, is unknown.&lt;ref&gt;Queanbeyan Museum.&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''1903 QBN Boer War memorial:''' Made of sandstone, the original memorial, had a gas light on top and was placed at the Monaro and Crawford Streets intersection in Queanbeyan (QBN), it was damaged when hit by a truck in the early 1950s and was repaired and re-erected on the same site. In 1955 the re-erected 1903 Boer War memorial was hit again by the same truck and same driver, Henry Ford, but this time it could not be repaired. As Veterans from the Boer War were still alive and wanted the 1903 Boer War memorial repaired/replaced, a public subscription was raised and a concrete replica memorial was cast and erected in 1964 in the centre-medium strip in Lowe Street,opposite the back of the QBN Courthouse. Although the memorial is a replica and although all the Boer War Veterans have since passed away, the remembrance, sentiment and respect for those who fought in the Boer War remains; QBN City Council undertakes regular conservation work, and the QBN RSL places a wreath on the Boer War Memorial each ANZAC DAY.&lt;ref&gt;QBN Age, 1950s–1960s&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;P.B. Sheedy &amp; E.A. Percy. Moneroo to Monaro. Publisher QBN City Council, QBN. ISBN 0 9599895 6 0&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''1923 Soldiers Memorial:''' Originally named the Soldiers Memorial, unveiled on 25 April 1923 [[Anzac Day]] but over time this memorial has had many local names such as the World War 1 memorial, World War 1 and 2 memorial and the World Wars memorial etc. but for many years has also been referred to as the Memorial for all Wars and all who served, be they men or women, who gave service in any capacity. General manager (now retired) Hugh Percy was the man who kicked the local Queanbeyan ANZAC Day ceremony off and got it growing and now every year the local Queanbeyan ANZAC Day ceremony grows bigger and better.&lt;ref&gt;Queanbeyan Age&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;P.B. Sheedy &amp; E.A. Percy. Moneroo to Monaro, Publisher Queanbeyan City Council, Queanbeyan. ISBN 0 9599895 6 0&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''1936–1938 William Farrer memorial:''' Located on the central medium strip in Farrer Place, this sandstone and bronze memorial was unveiled in two ceremonies, 1936 and 1938. In 1936 the central sandstone column with the larger than life William Farrer bronze portrait bust at the top, with Raynor Hoff, the artist's signature on the bust and the large central plaque with &quot;Farrer's quote&quot; underneath the bust, were unveiled in 1936; The four smaller wheat-industry bronze-relief plaques (two on either side of the central sandstone column) were probably completed by other artists in Hoff's studio and were unveiled in 1938, during Queanbeyan's 1938 centenary celebrations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Queanbeyan Age, 1936 and 1938&quot;&gt;Queanbeyan Age, 1936 and 1938.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery&gt;
[[File:IMG 2888 2.JPG|framed|Queanbeyan Railway Bridge]]

Image:Boer_war_queanbeyan.jpg | '''1903 QUEANBEYAN BOER WAR '''memorial | [[Second Boer War]]

Image:WWI_queanbeyan.jpg | [[1923 SOLDIERS memorial]] unveiled [[Anzac Day]] 25 April 1923''

File:William Farrer (1).jpg | [[1936-1938 William Farrer]] ''memorial'' &lt;ref name=&quot;Queanbeyan Age, 1936 and 1938&quot;/&gt;

Image:Memorial_gates_queanbeyan.jpg | ''Memorial Gates - Queanbeyan Showgrounds''
Image:John_Gale_queanbeyan.jpg | [[John Gale (journalist)]] ''&quot;The Father of Canberra&quot;''
Image:Queanbeyan_Footbridge.jpg | ''Historical Queanbeyan suspension foot bridge''
Image:Queanbeyan_railway_station.jpg | ''Queanbeyan Railway Station''
&lt;/gallery&gt;
--&gt;

== Suburbs ==

* [[Carwoola, New South Wales|Carwoola]]
* [[Crestwood (Queanbeyan), New South Wales|Crestwood]]
* [[Environa, New South Wales|Environa]]
* [[Googong, New South Wales|Googong]]
* [[Greenleigh, New South Wales|Greenleigh]]
* [[Jerrabomberra, New South Wales|Jerrabomberra]]
* [[Karabar, New South Wales|Karabar]]
* [[Queanbeyan East, New South Wales|Queanbeyan East]]
* [[Queanbeyan West, New South Wales|Queanbeyan West]]
* [[Queanbeyan (suburb), New South Wales|Queanbeyan]]
* [[The Ridgeway, New South Wales|The Ridgeway]]
* [[Royalla, New South Wales|Royalla]]
* [[Tralee, New South Wales|Tralee]]
* ([[Oaks Estate, Australie Caipital Territory|Oaks Estate]] is whiles mistakenly assumit tae be pairt o Queanbeyan but is in fact locatit in the [[Australie Caipital Territory]].)

== Climate ==
[[File:Lightning 21 Feb 2007.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lichtnin]] storms ower Queanbeyan, 21 Februar 2007]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Month
! Jan
! Feb
! Mar
! Apr
! Mey
! Jun
! Jul
! Aug
! Sep
! Oct
! Nov
! Dec
! Year
|-
! Average heich (°C)
| 29.8 || 28.5 || 25.6 || 20.6 || 15.9 || 12.5 || 11.8 || 13.7 || 17.3 || 20.7 || 24.4 || 27.6 || 20.6
|-
! Average law (°C)
| 12.7 || 12.9 || 10.7 || 6.6 || 3.3 || 0.9 || -0.2 || 0.9 || 3.3 || 6.0 || 8.9 || 11.4 || 6.4
|-
! Average precipitation (mm)
| 56.2 || 49.0 || 51.1 || 44.8 || 45.0 || 44.0 || 39.5 || 44.4 || 47.9 || 60.3 || 57.9 || 53.0 || 593.2
|}

''Source'': [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070072.shtml Australian Bureau of Meteorology]
{{Weather box
|location = Queanbeyen, New South Wales
|single line = y
|metric first = y
| Jan high C = 29.0
| Feb high C = 28.5
| Mar high C = 25.6
| Apr high C = 20.6
| May high C = 15.9
| Jun high C = 12.5
| Jul high C = 11.8
| Aug high C = 13.7
| Sep high C = 17.3
| Oct high C = 20.7
| Nov high C = 24.4
| Dec high C = 27.6
|year high C = 20.6
| Jan low C = 12.7
| Feb low C = 12.9
| Mar low C = 10.7
| Apr low C = 6.6
| May low C = 3.3
| Jun low C = 0.9
| Jul low C = -0.2
| Aug low C = 0.9
| Sep low C = 3.3
| Oct low C = 6.0
| Nov low C = 8.9
| Dec low C = 11.4
|year low C = 6.4
| Jan precipitation mm = 55.4
| Feb precipitation mm = 50.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 50.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 44.0
| May precipitation mm = 43.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 44.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 39.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 44.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 47.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 59.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 59.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 55.6
|year precipitation mm = 598.4
|source = Bureau of Meteorology &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070072_All.shtml
|title = Climate Statistics for Quenbeyen, New South Wales
|accessdate = 20 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=May 2012}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons category|Queanbeyan, New South Wales}}
* [http://qcc.nsw.gov.au/ &quot;Queanbeyan City Council&quot;, Offeecial wabsteid]

{{Ceeties o Australie}}
{{LGAs Soothren Tablelands}}

[[Category:Queanbeyan| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2171" sha1="b6gm6yiv2czm78mqqszrxtpikep2s01" xml:space="preserve">{{hatnote|For the French ceety, see [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]]. For ither places cried Boulogne, see [[Boulogne]].}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Boulogne Sur Mer
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              = 300px
|image_caption          =
|image_shield           =
|pushpin_map            = Argentina Greater Buenos Aires
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in [[Greater Buenos Aires]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 240
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{ARG}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
|subdivision_name1    =  [[Image:Bandera Buenos Aires.svg|24px]]  [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Partido]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[San Isidro Partido|San Isidro]]
|established_title      =
|established_date       =
|population_as_of               = {{census-ar|2001}}
|population_total               = 73,496
|population_density_km2         =
|coordinates            = {{coord|34|30|S|58|34|W|region:AR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m            =  16
|postal_code_type       =  [[Argentine postal code|CPA Base]]
|postal_code            = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|B]] 1643
|area_code              = +[[Telephone nummers in Argentinae|54]] 11
|website                =
}}
'''Boulogne Sur Mer''' is a toun in [[Buenos Aires Province]], [[Argentinae]]. It is in [[San Isidro Partido]] an forms pairt o the [[Greater Buenos Aires]] urban conurbation, &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;26&amp;nbsp;km&amp;nbsp;(16,25&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt; north o [[Buenos Aires]]. It haes a population o 73,496 (2001 INDEC census).  The toun is namit efter the ceety o [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] in northren [[Fraunce]], whaur the Argentine general [[José de San Martín]] dee'd in 1850.

==Freemit airtins==
*{{es icon}} [http://www.sanisidro300.gov.ar/default.asp?os=boulogne Boulogne History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928195728/http://www.sanisidro300.gov.ar/default.asp?os=boulogne |date=2007-09-28 }}

{{Greater Buenos Aires}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Buenos Aires Province]]
[[Category:San Isidro Partido]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Argentinae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1981" sha1="d644vzl68knrfcf2ex0o1l6yxa2yrxc" xml:space="preserve">{{hatnote|For the French ceety, see [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]]. For ither places cried Boulogne, see [[Boulogne]].}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Boulogne Sur Mer
|imagesize              = 300px
|pushpin_map            = Argentina Greater Buenos Aires
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in [[Greater Buenos Aires]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 240
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{ARG}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
|subdivision_name1    =  [[Image:Bandera Buenos Aires.svg|24px]]  [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Partido]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[San Isidro Partido|San Isidro]]
|population_as_of               = {{census-ar|2001}}
|population_total               = 73,496
|coordinates            = {{coord|34|30|S|58|34|W|region:AR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m            =  16
|postal_code_type       =  [[Argentine postal code|CPA Base]]
|postal_code            = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|B]] 1643
|area_code              = +[[Telephone nummers in Argentinae|54]] 11
}}
'''Boulogne Sur Mer''' is a toun in [[Buenos Aires Province]], [[Argentinae]]. It is in [[San Isidro Partido]] an forms pairt o the [[Greater Buenos Aires]] urban conurbation, &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;26&amp;nbsp;km&amp;nbsp;(16,25&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt; north o [[Buenos Aires]]. It haes a population o 73,496 (2001 INDEC census).  The toun is namit efter the ceety o [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]] in northren [[Fraunce]], whaur the Argentine general [[José de San Martín]] dee'd in 1850.

==Freemit airtins==
*{{es icon}} [http://www.sanisidro300.gov.ar/default.asp?os=boulogne Boulogne History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928195728/http://www.sanisidro300.gov.ar/default.asp?os=boulogne |date=2007-09-28 }}

{{Greater Buenos Aires}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Buenos Aires Province]]
[[Category:San Isidro Partido]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Argentinae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gijón</title>
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      <text bytes="26951" sha1="dnahzgaqp9r7nrxsp3f48vladhrjoo9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Gijón / Xixón
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name           = &lt;!-- if different from name --&gt;
| native_name             = &lt;!-- if different from name --&gt;
| image_skyline           = Montaje Gijon.jpg
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Bandera_gijon.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de Gijón.svg
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Xixon_Asturies_map.svg
| map_caption             = Location o Gijon
| pushpin_map             = Spain
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Spain
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Asturias}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Asturias]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas o Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Gijón (comarca)|Gijón]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial destrict]]
| subdivision_name4       = Gijón
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --&gt;
| seat                    =
| coordinates             = {{coord|43|32|N|5|42|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| elevation_m             = 3
| elevation_min_m         = 0 &lt;!-- [[Mar Cantábrico]] --&gt;
| elevation_max_m         = 737&lt;!-- Pico Cima --&gt;&lt;!-- REF name=cima: [http://www.ign.es/imgmtn50/A1/500292004cns.pdf Hoja 29 (Oviedo) del Mapa Topogáfico Nacional MTN50] --&gt;
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 181.6
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 5t century BC (Noega, the first dounset on record)
| population_as_of                = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes            = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total                = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym      = Spainyie: Gijonés/sa Asturian: ''Xixonés/sa''
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leids o Spain|Offeecial leid(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 33201 -33212
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| area_code               =
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Carmen Moriyón Entrialgo (2011)
| leader_party            = [[Asturian Forum|FAC]]
| website                 = {{official website|http://www.gijon.es}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Gijón''' ({{IPA-es|xiˈxon|}}; offeecially '''Gijón / Xixón''' {{IPA-ast|ʃiˈʃoŋ|}}),&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.asturias.es/bopa/2006/10/03/20061003.pdf Decreto 105/2006, de 20 de septiembre, por el que se determinan los topónimos oficiales del concejo de Gijón/Xixón] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105125307/http://www.asturias.es/bopa/2006/10/03/20061003.pdf |date=2011-11-05 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; is the lairgest ceety an [[municipality]] in the [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Asturias]] in [[Spain]]. Early medieval texts mention it as &quot;Gigia&quot;.

== History ==
===Prehistory an romanization===
[[File:AugustusOfPrimaPortaAtGijonSpain.JPG|thumb|left|The bronze copy o the statue &quot;''Augustus o [[Prima Porta]]''&quot; at ''San Lorenzo'' beach.]]
The first evidences o human presence in wha is kent nouadays as municipality o Gijón are locatit in Monte Deva, whaur exist a series o [[tumulus]], an in Monte Areo, whaur thare are some neolithic dolmens. Thir dolmens wur discovered in 1990 an is supposed it wis biggit aboot the year 5000 BC.

The first noticit dounset (Noega) is locatit in Campa Torres. It haes its oreegin atween centuries VI an V BC. It wis populatit bi [[asturs]] (''cilúrnigos'') an later romanized. Noega wis progressively abandoned when the Roman waw in the peninsula o [[Cimavilla]], cried ''Gegionem'', wis biggit.

This waw wis the maist important ane o the Roman Asturias an it shoud be a important port o the Cantabric sea route an an aw, it crossed the centre o Asturias bi Lucus Asturum (nouadays [[Llanera, Asturias|Llanera]]) an linkit in [[Asturica Augusta]] wi the [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta de la Plata]] (''Siller route'').

Some remains o this stage are the Roman baths o ''Campo Valdés'' (centuries I tae II AD), the Roman waw (centuries III tae IV) an the Roman veelage o [[L'Abadía Cenero|Veranes]].
===Middle Ages an Modren Era===
Despite the Barbarian invasions left nae trace, it seems the territory wis submittit tae the pouer o the [[Visigoths|Visigoth]] keeng [[Sisebut]] in the 7t hunderyear.

Gijón wis caipital o the Muslim territories in the Cantabric Sea, unner the pouer o [[Munuza]], who dominatit the ceety atween 713 an 718. In this last year, Asturians wan the [[Battle o Covadonga]], stairtit in 718 an led bi [[Pelagius o Asturias|Pelagius]], who wad became in the first Keeng o the [[Kinrick o Asturias]].

Till 1270 thare wur nae reliable news o Gijón, wi anerly short mentions in some documents. In this year, [[Alfonso X o Castile]] concedit the category o ''puebla''.

In the 14t hunderyear, the war atween Alfonso Enríquez o Castile an [[Henry III o Castile]] feenished wi the veelage o Gijón fenced, burned an totally destroyed, practically disappearin.

In the 15t an 16t hunderyear, Gijón developit again, specially when a new dock is biggit in the port, bringin tae the veelage fishin an commerce.

In the 17t an 18t hunderyears is when Gijón stairts tae hae a great development, producin a growthe oot o the auld ceety centre. This happened when the port o Gijón wis enable for the commerce wi the American colonies. In the 18t hunderyears, due tae the French invasions, the wars an the financial trouble in the era, stoppit the development till the last years, when the road Oviedo-Gijón wis creatit an the port wis recognisit as the best ane in Asturias, favorin the installation o the first industrial activities in the veelage.

===Contemporar history===
[[Image:Letronas de Gijon edited.jpg|thumb|left|Modren piece o airt wi the ceety name.]]
The 19t century brocht wi it a great development, wi the commerce o coal, the road Gijón-[[León, Spain|León]] an later the railwey [[Langreo]]-Gijón. Aw this supposed the quick expansion o the port, due tae the hivy traffec intensity in it. A new port, [[El Musel]], wis biggit in 1893 an it wis the first coal port o the peninsula.

Gijón wis goin throu a conversion tae an industrial veelage wi a new bourgeoise an a urban development, openin new streets an squares, wi new municipal equipments lik watter, garbage collection, lichtin. Aw this industrial development brocht new manpouer tae the ceety an the creation o new neebourheids lik Natahoyo, La Calzada, [[Tremañes]] or El Humedal.

In the 20t century, wi the [[Spaingie Cevil War]], the ceety supported the [[Republican faction (Spaingie Ceevil War)|Republican faction]]. The airmy wis locatit in El Coto. The resistance wis eliminatit in August 1936. Later, the veelage wis the caipital o the [[Sovereign Cooncil o Asturias an León]] till 20 October 1937, when the troops o General [[Francisco Franco]] occupee'd the ceety.

Ferrous metallurgy wis the main industry o Gijón frae the last years o the 19t century till the last decades o the 20t century. Uninsa wis creatit in 1971, an it mergit wi Ensidesa. In the last years o the century wis convertit in [[Aceralia]], an integratit in [[Arcelor]].

The last decades o the century brings the industrial creesis affectin mainly tae the ferrous metallurgy an the local shipbiggin. This facts brocht new terrain for the creation o new beaches, pairks an new neebourheids.

== Geografie ==
{{Historical populations
| title= Population of Gijón
| percentages = pagr
| 1857 | 23621
| 1860 | 24802
| 1877 | 30591
| 1887 | 35170
| 1897 | 43392
| 1900 | 45544
| 1910 | 55248
| 1920 | 57573
| 1930 | 78239
| 1940 | 101341
| 1950 | 110985
| 1960 | 124714
| 1970 | 187612
| 1981 | 255969
| 1991 | 260267
| 1998 | 265491
| 1999 | 267980
| 2000 | 267426
| 2001 | 269270
| 2002 | 270211
| 2003 | 270875
| 2004 | 271039
| 2005 | 273931
| 2006 | 274472
| 2007 | 274037
| 2008 | 275699
| 2009 | 277554
| 2010 | 277198
| 2011 | 277559
| 2012 | 277733
| 2013 | 275274
|footnote=From 1998 to present, population as of each January 1st
|source = [http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/libros.do?tntp=71807 INE]
}}
The ceety is situatit on the coast o central Asturias, frae sea level tae a altitude o 513 metres at ''Picu Samartín'' an 672 metres at [[Peña de los Cuatro Jueces]], bordered on the Wast bi [[Carreño]], the East bi [[Villaviciosa, Asturias|Villaviciosa]], an tae the Sooth bi [[Siero]] an [[Llanera, Asturias|Llanera]]

The ceety is situatit alang the Asturian coast an is distinguished bi the peninsula o [[Cimavilla]] (the oreeginal dounset) which separates the beach o San Lorenzo an adjacent neebourheids tae the east frae the beaches o Poniente an Arbeyal, the shipyards, an the recreational port an the Port o [[El Musel]] tae the wast. It is close tae the ither main Asturian ceeties, [[Oviedo]] an [[Avilés]].

=== Destricts ===
Gijón is dividit in sax destricts:&lt;ref&gt;[http://distritos.gijon.es/page/8574-consejos-de-distrito Consejos de Distrito] Gijón City Hall website]&lt;/ref&gt; Centre, East, South, West, El Llano and Rural. In this last ane, aw the [[Peri-urbanisation|peri-urban]] zone an the [[Pairish (admeenistrative diveesion)|rural parishes]] are integrated.

====Neebourheids an pairishes====
[[File:Parroquies de Xixón numberaes.png|thumb|left|300px|Gijón pairishes]]
[[File:Elogio chillida gijon.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The ''Eulogy tae the Horizon'' o [[Eduardo Chillida]], ane o the maist kent seembols o Gijón.]]
{|
|-
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
;Centre destrict:
* Centro
* [[Cimavilla]]
* Laviada
;Eastern destrict:
* L'Arena
* El Bibio
* Ceares/Ciares
* El Coto
* Las Mestas
* Viesques
;El Llano destrict:
* El Llano
;Sooth destrict:
* Contrueces
* Montevil
* Nuevo Gijón
* Perchera-La Braña
* Polígono de Pumarín
* Pumarín
* [[Roces (Gijón)|Roces]]
* Santa Bárbara
;Wastren destrict:
* La Calzada
* [[Jove/Xove]]
* [[Tremañes]]
* Natahoyo
* Moreda
|width=&quot;45&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
;Landwart destrict:
* [[L'Abadía Cenero]]
* [[Cabueñes]]
* [[Caldones]]
* [[Castiello Bernueces]]
* [[Deva (Gijón)|Deva]]
* [[Fano (Gijón)|Fano]]
* [[Fresno (Gijón)|Fresno]]
* [[Granda (Gijón)|Granda]]
* [[La Pedrera (Gijón)|La Pedrera]] 
* [[Llavandera]]
* [[Leorio/Llorio]]
* [[Puao]]
* [[Porceyo]]
* [[Ruedes]]
* [[Samartín de Güerces]]
* [[San Andrés de los Tacones]]
* [[Santurio]]
* [[Serín]]
* [[Somió]]
* [[Valdornón]]
* [[Vega (Gijón)|Vega]]
* [[Veriña]]
|}

== Cultur ==
[[File:Upper-front-view-san-lorenzo-church-gijon-es.JPG|thumb|Upper front view o the San Lorenzo Kirk]]
[[File:Sede Juan Barjola.JPG|thumb|Revillagigedo Palace]]
[[File:U Laboral Gijon 01.jpg|thumb|[[Universidad Laboral de Gijón]], as seen frae the touer o the same varsity.]]
* Durin the early years o the 19t century the, then vera smaw, toun o Gijón wis best kent for its college or heich-schuil kent as the ''&quot;[[Real Instituto Asturiano]]&quot; foondit bi [[Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos|Jovellanos]].''&lt;ref&gt;{{en icon}} Name o the &quot;''Instituto Asturiano''&quot; an ither details taken frae the [[Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer By Thomas Baldwin]], ''Sixth Edition'',  (1847). [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;id=-7MBAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=universal+pronouncing+gazetteer+by+thomas+baldwin&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=web&amp;ots=QQYLcgizRX&amp;sig=zfw6It6B7cOnYiHWa9FGAv10BVM]
&lt;/ref&gt;

* The Ceety Haw's sports an cultur programs for ceetizens is wide, includin the innovative ''Abierto Hasta el Amanecer'' (literally ''Open Till Dawn'') nocturnal program, which trees tae involve teens in cultural an sportin activities as a alternative tae weekend [[Nichtlife (activity)|nichtlife]].
* Gijón haes 13 librars in its Cultural Ceety Centres, which featur a wide netwirk o soummin puils an gyms.
*Ane o the maist important cultural events in the ceety is the [[Gijón International Film Festival|International Film Festival]], recognisit as ane o the bests in Spain.

=== Museums an airt galleries ===
* [[Museum of the Asturian People]]
* [[Gijón Railway Museum|Railroad museum o Asturias]]
* [[Nicanor Piñole museum]]
* [[Roman Terms museum o Campo Valdés]]
* Juan Barjola museum (A museum aboot a local penter, interested in [[avant-garde]] airt an aw)
* [[Evaristo Valle museum]] (Local penter museum placed in a mansion at the outskirts)
* [[International Bagpipe Museum]] conteens [[bagpipe]]s frae aroond the warld, focusin on the [[Asturian leid|Asturian]] muisical heritage and bagpipes.
* [[Atlantic botanical garden]]
* Airchaeological pairk [[Campa Torres]].
* Revillagigedo Palace an museum (At Marqués square, near the Ceety HaW)
* [[Gijón Aquarium]]
* [[Roman Toun o Veranes]]
* [[LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial]] (A exhibition centre for contemporar airt, science, technology an advancit visual industries)

===Varsities===
Thare are twa campuses locatit in Gijón, ane o the [[Varsity o Oviedo]] an ither o the [[Naitional Varsity o Distance Eddication]].

== Sports ==
[[File:ElMolinonSportingvsAthletic30-10-11.jpg|thumb|[[Estadio El Molinón]], in a gemme o Sporting de Gijón in [[La Liga]].]]
{{See an aw|Category:Sport in Gijón}}
In team sports, Gijón's profeesional [[fitbaa]] team, [[Sporting de Gijón]], plays in the Spainyie [[Segunda División]], wi [[AB Gijón Jovellanos]] competin in [[Liga ASOBAL]], ane o the maist important leagues o [[team handbaw]] in the warld. In weemen's sport, [[Gijón Hockey Club]] is ane o the maist important [[rink hockey]] teams in Europe.

[[CSI Gijón]] is Spain's offeecial [[show jumpin]] [[horse show]] an it's held annually in [[Las Mestas Sports Complex|Gijon's equestrian facility]].
  
Thare is a private [[sports club]] in Gijón wi mair nor 33,000 members an aw, [[Real Grupo de Cultura Covadonga]], the biggest club in Asturias.

No far frae Gijón, thare are several [[ski resorts]] in [[Asturias]], the main bein [[Valgrande-Pajares]].

The ceety's [[marina]] hooses a important fleet o yachts an is the base for mony [[water sports]], bein [[Royal Astur Yacht Club]] the maist important [[yacht club]] in toun.

===Sports centers===
The biggest sport centres in Gijón are [[Estadio El Molinón]], wi 30,000 seats, [[Plaza de Toros de El Bibio]] wi 12,000 an [[Palacio de Deportes de Gijón|Palacio de Deportes]] wi 5,000 seats.

The ceety haes in tot 13 public sport centres (in Spainyie: ''Centros Municipales Integrados'') wi soummin puils, gyms an [[saunas]]. Swimmin puils are free for childer up tae age 14.

== Economy ==
For hintle the twintiet century the toun wis hivily dependent on matur hivy industries, but at the end o the [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] era, [[tertiar sector]] employment began tae expand rapidly alang wi the ceety's population which bi 2007 stuid offeecially at 277,897 for Gijón proper, an approximately 380,000 for the tot Gijón agglomeration.

The port is at the centre o mony o the local businesses.  Apairt frae directly port relatit activities, the economy is based on tourism, steel ([[Arcelor]]), ither metallurgy, livestock rearin an fisheries.

== Climate ==
Gijón haes a humid [[oceanic climate]], wi mild temperaturs an heichlie humidity throuoot the year. The simmers are wairm, wi baith owercast an sunny days common, whilst winters are rainy but hintle milder than maist places sae far north; frosts are vera rare an niver severe.

{{Weather box
|location = Gijón
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 13.1
|Feb high C = 13.8
|Mar high C = 14.9
|Apr high C = 15.6
|May high C = 17.8
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 22.4
|Aug high C = 23.2
|Sep high C = 21.8
|Oct high C = 19.0
|Nov high C = 15.6
|Dec high C = 14.0
|year high C = 17.6
|Jan mean C = 8.9
|Feb mean C = 9.6
|Mar mean C = 10.7
|Apr mean C = 11.8
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug mean C = 19.7
|Sep mean C = 17.9
|Oct mean C = 15.0
|Nov mean C = 11.6
|Dec mean C = 9.9
|year mean C = 13.8
|Jan low C = 4.7
|Feb low C = 5.4
|Mar low C = 6.6
|Apr low C = 8.1
|May low C = 10.9
|Jun low C = 13.6
|Jul low C = 16.0
|Aug low C = 16.2
|Sep low C = 14.1
|Oct low C = 11.0
|Nov low C = 7.6
|Dec low C = 5.8
|year low C = 10.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 94
|Feb precipitation mm = 85
|Mar precipitation mm = 74
|Apr precipitation mm = 93
|May precipitation mm = 79
|Jun precipitation mm = 47
|Jul precipitation mm = 45
|Aug precipitation mm = 54
|Sep precipitation mm = 70
|Oct precipitation mm = 104
|Nov precipitation mm = 120
|Dec precipitation mm = 104
|year precipitation mm = 971
|Jan precipitation days = 12
|Feb precipitation days = 11
|Mar precipitation days = 10
|Apr precipitation days = 12
|May precipitation days = 11
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|Jul precipitation days = 6
|Aug precipitation days = 7
|Sep precipitation days = 8
|Oct precipitation days = 11
|Nov precipitation days = 12
|Dec precipitation days = 12
|year precipitation days = 121
|unit precipitation days = 1&amp;nbsp;mm
|Jan sun = 103
|Feb sun = 109
|Mar sun = 137
|Apr sun = 151
|May sun = 167
|Jun sun = 180
|Jul sun = 194
|Aug sun = 190
|Sep sun = 158
|Oct sun = 132
|Nov sun = 106
|Dec sun = 92
|year sun = 1721
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1208&amp;k=ast |title=Valores Climatológicos Normales. Gijon |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
}}

==Transport==

===Airports===
Gijón is servit bi [[Asturias Airport]], aboot {{convert|38|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} frae the centre o the ceety; it is locatit in the municipality o Castrillon.
The airport is connectit tae the ceety bi the A-8 motorwey, the N-632 national highway and scheduled bus service ([[ALSA (bus company)|Alsa]]). It haes regular flichts tae the follaein destinations: [[Barcelona]], [[Brussels]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Geneva]], [[Gran Canaria]], [[Ibiza]], [[Lanzarote]], [[Lisbon]], [[London]] - Stansted, [[Madrid]], [[Malaga]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Paris]] - Charles de Gaulle, [[Seville]], [[Tenerife]]-Sooth an [[Valencia]].  Operatin companies are: [[Air France]], [[Air Europa]] and [[Iberia]].

===Seaport===
{{main|El Musel}}
[[LD Lines]] ferries haes a regular service frae the Port o Gijon, [[El Musel]] tae [http://ldlines.fr/horaires/saint-nazaire-gijon the port of Nantes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702201554/http://ldlines.fr/horaires/saint-nazaire-gijon |date=2014-07-02 }} ([[Saint-Nazaire]]) wi three weekly depairturs an a voyage time o 16h.  This is pairt o the [[Motorweys o the Sea]] project o the European Union. In Januar 2014 twa new regular lines wur opened, weekly wi a voyage time o 25h direct tae [[Poole]] ([[Ingland]]), an via Saint-Nazaire tae [[Rosslare Harbour]] ([[Ireland]]).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elcomercio.es/20131210/asturias/gijon/musel-tendra-linea-ferry-201312100701.html El Musel tendrá línea de ferry con Inglaterra e Irlanda a partir de enero]; [[El Comercio (Spain)|El Comercio]], 10 December 2013 {{es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Public transport===
Gijón currently haes 21 bus lines, which are:

* Line 1 BRT: Cerillero - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 2: El Corte Inglés - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 4: El Lauredal - Viesques - Varsity campus
* Line 6: Musel - Alcampo - Polígono de Porceyo - Polígono de Zarracina 
* Line 10: Pumarín - Candenal- Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 12: Cerillero - Montevil - Contrueces
* Line 14: Polígono de Somonte - Tremañes - Infanzón
* Line 15: Nuevo Roces - Viesques - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 16: Estación Ferrocaril - Vega
* Line 18: Nuevo Gijón - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 20: Montevil - Somió
* Line 21: Jove Hospital - La Campa Torres
* Line 24: Monteana - La Pedrera - Mareo
* Line 25: Tremañes - Infanzón - La Olla
* Line 26: Gijón - Deva
* Line 28: Pza. del Humedal - [[El Molinón]] 
* Line 30: Pza. del Humedal - FIDMA (International tred fair of Asturias)
* Line 34: Fomento - Musel
* Line 54: Pza. del Humedal - Las Mestas (Durin the Davis Cup semi-feenal o Tennis)

Nicht bus service (Fridays an Seturdays anerly, every day 1 Julie tae 31 August)
* Line 41: El Cerillero - Pza. del Carmen                     (BUHO 1)
* Line 42: Nuevo Roces - Pumarin - Pza. del Carmen            (BUHO 2)
* Line 43: [[Contrueces]] - Llano - Coto - Pza. del Carmen    (BUHO 3)
* Line 44: Vega - Viesques - Arena - Pza. del Carmen          (BUHO 4)

===Railwey===
The ceety is servit bi the [[Gijón Railway Station]].

===Roads an heich-gates===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Type !! Name !! Alternate name !! Itinerary
|-
| rowspan=7| [[Highways in Spain|Highway]] || {{jct|country=ESP|A|8}} || Autovía del Cantábrico || [[Baamonde]] - ''Gijón'' - [[Llanes]] - [[Torrelavega]] - [[Solares]] - [[Bilbao]] - [[San Sebastián]]
|-
| {{jct|country=ESP|A|66}} || Autovía Ruta de la Plata || ''Gijón'' - [[Oviedo]] - [[Mieres]] - [[León, Spain|León]] - [[Benavente, Zamora|Benavente]] - [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]] - [[Salamanca]] - [[Béjar]] - [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] - [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] - [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| [[Autovía AS-I|AS-I]] || Autovía Minera || ''Gijón'' - [[Pola de Siero]] - [[Langreo]] - [[Mieres]]
|-
| [[Autovía AS-II|AS-II]] || Autovía Industrial || ''Gijón'' - [[Llanera, Spain|Lugo de Llanera]] - [[Oviedo]]
|-
| GJ-10 || Interior [[ring road]] || Gijón seaport ([[El Musel]])  - [[Pumarín (Gijón)|Pumarín]] - [[El Llano (Gijón)|El Llano]]
|-
| GJ-20 || Wastren [[ring road]] || GJ-81 (Autopista Acceso Sur a Gijón) - [[Tremañes]] - Gijón seaport ([[El Musel]])
|-
| GJ-8 || Sooth access road || (A-8/A-66) - Plaza del Humedal
|-
| rowspan=3|[[List of national roads in Spain|National road]] || [[N-630 road (Spain)|N-630]] || || ''Gijón'' - [[Oviedo]] - [[Mieres]] - [[Puerto de Pajares]] - [[León, Spain|León]] - [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]] - [[Salamanca]] - [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] - [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] - [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| N-632 || || [[Cenero]] - [[Cudillero]] - [[Muros del Nalón]] - [[Soto del Barco]] - [[Avilés]] - ''Gijón'' - [[Villaviciosa, Asturias|Villaviciosa]] - [[Colunga]] - [[Caravia]] - [[Ribadesella]]
|-
| N-641 || El Musel access Road|| ''Gijón'' - [[La Calzada]] - [[Gijón seaport]] ([[El Musel]]) .
|-
|rowspan=6|Regional and local roads || AS-19 || Gijón-Avilés Road || ''Gijón'' - [[El Empalme]] - [[Prendes]] - [[Tabaza]] - [[Avilés]]
|-
| AS-246 || Carbonera Road || ''Gijón'' - [[Alto de la Madera]] - [[Noreña]] - [[El Berrón]] - [[La Gargantada]] - [[Langreo]]
|-
| AS-247 || Piles tae Infanzón Road || ''Gijón'' - [[Somió]] - [[Alto del Infanzón]]
|-
| AS-248 || Gijón-Siero Road || ''Gijón'' - [[Vega de Poja]] - [[Pola de Siero]]
|-
| AS-266 || Oviedo-Gijón Road || [[Oviedo]] - [[Lugones (Siero)|Lugones]] - [[Pruvia]] - [[Porceyo]] - ''Gijón''
|-
| AS-19a || Gijón-Avilés Road || [[Puenteseco]] - [[Muniello]]
|-
|}

==Govrenment==
Syne the [[Spainyie transition tae democracy]], [[Spainyie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]] govrened continuously durin 32 years, frae 1979 tae 2011.

Syne 11 Juin 2011, the ceety mayor is Carmen Moriyón o [[Asturias Forum]], who wis supportit wi the votes o the [[Popular Pairty (Spain)|Popular Pairty]].
===Councillors distribution in local elections===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|- 
! Poleetical pairty !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]'''
| 13 || 17 || 11 || 12 || 12 || 16 || 13 || 13 || 10
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Asturias Forum|FAC]]'''
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 9
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''AP / [[Popular Pairty (Spain)|PP]]'''
| 1 || 7 || 7 || 9 || 11 || 9 || 11 || 12 || 5
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]'''
| 4 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 3
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Union o the Democratic Centre (Spain)|UCD]] / [[Democratic an Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]]'''
| 9 ||  || 6 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''UGJ'''
|  ||  ||  || 3 ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
|}

===Mayors in democracy===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Name !! Stairt !! End !! Pairty
|-
| José Manuel Palacio || align=&quot;center&quot;|1979 || align=&quot;center&quot;|1987 || [[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]
|-
| [[Vicente Álvarez Areces]] || align=&quot;center&quot;|1987 || align=&quot;center&quot;|1999 || [[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]
|-
| Paz Fernández Felgueroso || align=&quot;center&quot;|1999 || align=&quot;center&quot;|2011 || [[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]
|-
| Carmen Moriyón || align=&quot;center&quot;|2011 || align=&quot;center&quot;| || [[Asturias Forum|FAC]]
|-
|}

==Internaitional relations==
{{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}}
===Twin touns – Sister ceeties===
Gijón is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Albuquerque]], USA
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Havana]], Cuba
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Niort]], Fraunce (syne 1982)
||

*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novorossiysk]], Roushie (syne 1986)
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Puerto Vallarta]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|ESH}} [[Smara]], Wastren Sahara
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Gijón}}
* [http://www.gijon.es/ Gijon Municipality]
* [http://www.gijon.info/ Official Touristic wabsteid o Gijón] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010154919/http://www.gijon.info/ |date=2011-10-10 }}
* [http://www.gijon.es/Contenido.aspx?area=110&amp;leng=es&amp;id=32326 Offeecial Toponyms] – At Ceety Cooncil offeecial wabsteid.
* [http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/bopa/2006/10/19022_02.htm Official Toponyms: Laws] – ''BOPA Nº 229 – Martes, 3 de octubre de 2006'' &amp; ''DECRETO 105/2006, de 20 de septiembre'' ([http://www.politicallinguistica.org/ficheru.php?cod=227 BOPA Errata corrections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724060505/http://www.politicallinguistica.org/ficheru.php?cod=227 |date=2011-07-24 }})
*[http://www.realsporting.com Offeecial steid Sporting de Gijon]
* [http://www.laboralcentrodearte.org LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial]
{{Municipalities o Asturias}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gijon}}
[[Category:Gijón| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Asturias]]
[[Category:Pairishes in Gijón|*]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Spain]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns on the Spaingie Atlantic coast]]</text>
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      <text bytes="26309" sha1="qhpaaf0wzntis11jtdo1bgksi3j9w0l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Gijón / Xixón
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Montaje Gijon.jpg
| image_flag              = Bandera_gijon.svg
| image_shield            = Escudo de Gijón.svg
| image_map               = Xixon_Asturies_map.svg
| map_caption             = Location o Gijon
| pushpin_map             = Spain
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Spain
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Asturias}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Asturias]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarcas o Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Gijón (comarca)|Gijón]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Judicial destrict]]
| subdivision_name4       = Gijón
| coordinates             = {{coord|43|32|N|5|42|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m             = 3
| elevation_min_m         = 0
| elevation_max_m         = 737
| area_total_km2          = 181.6
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 5t century BC (Noega, the first dounset on record)
| population_as_of                = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes            = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total                = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym      = Spainyie: Gijonés/sa Asturian: ''Xixonés/sa''
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leids o Spain|Offeecial leid(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 33201 -33212
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Carmen Moriyón Entrialgo (2011)
| leader_party            = [[Asturian Forum|FAC]]
| website                 = {{official website|http://www.gijon.es}}
}}
'''Gijón''' ({{IPA-es|xiˈxon|}}; offeecially '''Gijón / Xixón''' {{IPA-ast|ʃiˈʃoŋ|}}),&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.asturias.es/bopa/2006/10/03/20061003.pdf Decreto 105/2006, de 20 de septiembre, por el que se determinan los topónimos oficiales del concejo de Gijón/Xixón] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105125307/http://www.asturias.es/bopa/2006/10/03/20061003.pdf |date=2011-11-05 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; is the lairgest ceety an [[municipality]] in the [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Asturias]] in [[Spain]]. Early medieval texts mention it as &quot;Gigia&quot;.

== History ==
===Prehistory an romanization===
[[File:AugustusOfPrimaPortaAtGijonSpain.JPG|thumb|left|The bronze copy o the statue &quot;''Augustus o [[Prima Porta]]''&quot; at ''San Lorenzo'' beach.]]
The first evidences o human presence in wha is kent nouadays as municipality o Gijón are locatit in Monte Deva, whaur exist a series o [[tumulus]], an in Monte Areo, whaur thare are some neolithic dolmens. Thir dolmens wur discovered in 1990 an is supposed it wis biggit aboot the year 5000 BC.

The first noticit dounset (Noega) is locatit in Campa Torres. It haes its oreegin atween centuries VI an V BC. It wis populatit bi [[asturs]] (''cilúrnigos'') an later romanized. Noega wis progressively abandoned when the Roman waw in the peninsula o [[Cimavilla]], cried ''Gegionem'', wis biggit.

This waw wis the maist important ane o the Roman Asturias an it shoud be a important port o the Cantabric sea route an an aw, it crossed the centre o Asturias bi Lucus Asturum (nouadays [[Llanera, Asturias|Llanera]]) an linkit in [[Asturica Augusta]] wi the [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta de la Plata]] (''Siller route'').

Some remains o this stage are the Roman baths o ''Campo Valdés'' (centuries I tae II AD), the Roman waw (centuries III tae IV) an the Roman veelage o [[L'Abadía Cenero|Veranes]].
===Middle Ages an Modren Era===
Despite the Barbarian invasions left nae trace, it seems the territory wis submittit tae the pouer o the [[Visigoths|Visigoth]] keeng [[Sisebut]] in the 7t hunderyear.

Gijón wis caipital o the Muslim territories in the Cantabric Sea, unner the pouer o [[Munuza]], who dominatit the ceety atween 713 an 718. In this last year, Asturians wan the [[Battle o Covadonga]], stairtit in 718 an led bi [[Pelagius o Asturias|Pelagius]], who wad became in the first Keeng o the [[Kinrick o Asturias]].

Till 1270 thare wur nae reliable news o Gijón, wi anerly short mentions in some documents. In this year, [[Alfonso X o Castile]] concedit the category o ''puebla''.

In the 14t hunderyear, the war atween Alfonso Enríquez o Castile an [[Henry III o Castile]] feenished wi the veelage o Gijón fenced, burned an totally destroyed, practically disappearin.

In the 15t an 16t hunderyear, Gijón developit again, specially when a new dock is biggit in the port, bringin tae the veelage fishin an commerce.

In the 17t an 18t hunderyears is when Gijón stairts tae hae a great development, producin a growthe oot o the auld ceety centre. This happened when the port o Gijón wis enable for the commerce wi the American colonies. In the 18t hunderyears, due tae the French invasions, the wars an the financial trouble in the era, stoppit the development till the last years, when the road Oviedo-Gijón wis creatit an the port wis recognisit as the best ane in Asturias, favorin the installation o the first industrial activities in the veelage.

===Contemporar history===
[[Image:Letronas de Gijon edited.jpg|thumb|left|Modren piece o airt wi the ceety name.]]
The 19t century brocht wi it a great development, wi the commerce o coal, the road Gijón-[[León, Spain|León]] an later the railwey [[Langreo]]-Gijón. Aw this supposed the quick expansion o the port, due tae the hivy traffec intensity in it. A new port, [[El Musel]], wis biggit in 1893 an it wis the first coal port o the peninsula.

Gijón wis goin throu a conversion tae an industrial veelage wi a new bourgeoise an a urban development, openin new streets an squares, wi new municipal equipments lik watter, garbage collection, lichtin. Aw this industrial development brocht new manpouer tae the ceety an the creation o new neebourheids lik Natahoyo, La Calzada, [[Tremañes]] or El Humedal.

In the 20t century, wi the [[Spaingie Cevil War]], the ceety supported the [[Republican faction (Spaingie Ceevil War)|Republican faction]]. The airmy wis locatit in El Coto. The resistance wis eliminatit in August 1936. Later, the veelage wis the caipital o the [[Sovereign Cooncil o Asturias an León]] till 20 October 1937, when the troops o General [[Francisco Franco]] occupee'd the ceety.

Ferrous metallurgy wis the main industry o Gijón frae the last years o the 19t century till the last decades o the 20t century. Uninsa wis creatit in 1971, an it mergit wi Ensidesa. In the last years o the century wis convertit in [[Aceralia]], an integratit in [[Arcelor]].

The last decades o the century brings the industrial creesis affectin mainly tae the ferrous metallurgy an the local shipbiggin. This facts brocht new terrain for the creation o new beaches, pairks an new neebourheids.

== Geografie ==
{{Historical populations
| title= Population of Gijón
| percentages = pagr
| 1857 | 23621
| 1860 | 24802
| 1877 | 30591
| 1887 | 35170
| 1897 | 43392
| 1900 | 45544
| 1910 | 55248
| 1920 | 57573
| 1930 | 78239
| 1940 | 101341
| 1950 | 110985
| 1960 | 124714
| 1970 | 187612
| 1981 | 255969
| 1991 | 260267
| 1998 | 265491
| 1999 | 267980
| 2000 | 267426
| 2001 | 269270
| 2002 | 270211
| 2003 | 270875
| 2004 | 271039
| 2005 | 273931
| 2006 | 274472
| 2007 | 274037
| 2008 | 275699
| 2009 | 277554
| 2010 | 277198
| 2011 | 277559
| 2012 | 277733
| 2013 | 275274
|footnote=From 1998 to present, population as of each January 1st
|source = [http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/libros.do?tntp=71807 INE]
}}
The ceety is situatit on the coast o central Asturias, frae sea level tae a altitude o 513 metres at ''Picu Samartín'' an 672 metres at [[Peña de los Cuatro Jueces]], bordered on the Wast bi [[Carreño]], the East bi [[Villaviciosa, Asturias|Villaviciosa]], an tae the Sooth bi [[Siero]] an [[Llanera, Asturias|Llanera]]

The ceety is situatit alang the Asturian coast an is distinguished bi the peninsula o [[Cimavilla]] (the oreeginal dounset) which separates the beach o San Lorenzo an adjacent neebourheids tae the east frae the beaches o Poniente an Arbeyal, the shipyards, an the recreational port an the Port o [[El Musel]] tae the wast. It is close tae the ither main Asturian ceeties, [[Oviedo]] an [[Avilés]].

=== Destricts ===
Gijón is dividit in sax destricts:&lt;ref&gt;[http://distritos.gijon.es/page/8574-consejos-de-distrito Consejos de Distrito] Gijón City Hall website]&lt;/ref&gt; Centre, East, South, West, El Llano and Rural. In this last ane, aw the [[Peri-urbanisation|peri-urban]] zone an the [[Pairish (admeenistrative diveesion)|rural parishes]] are integrated.

====Neebourheids an pairishes====
[[File:Parroquies de Xixón numberaes.png|thumb|left|300px|Gijón pairishes]]
[[File:Elogio chillida gijon.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The ''Eulogy tae the Horizon'' o [[Eduardo Chillida]], ane o the maist kent seembols o Gijón.]]
{|
|-
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
;Centre destrict:
* Centro
* [[Cimavilla]]
* Laviada
;Eastern destrict:
* L'Arena
* El Bibio
* Ceares/Ciares
* El Coto
* Las Mestas
* Viesques
;El Llano destrict:
* El Llano
;Sooth destrict:
* Contrueces
* Montevil
* Nuevo Gijón
* Perchera-La Braña
* Polígono de Pumarín
* Pumarín
* [[Roces (Gijón)|Roces]]
* Santa Bárbara
;Wastren destrict:
* La Calzada
* [[Jove/Xove]]
* [[Tremañes]]
* Natahoyo
* Moreda
|width=&quot;45&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
;Landwart destrict:
* [[L'Abadía Cenero]]
* [[Cabueñes]]
* [[Caldones]]
* [[Castiello Bernueces]]
* [[Deva (Gijón)|Deva]]
* [[Fano (Gijón)|Fano]]
* [[Fresno (Gijón)|Fresno]]
* [[Granda (Gijón)|Granda]]
* [[La Pedrera (Gijón)|La Pedrera]] 
* [[Llavandera]]
* [[Leorio/Llorio]]
* [[Puao]]
* [[Porceyo]]
* [[Ruedes]]
* [[Samartín de Güerces]]
* [[San Andrés de los Tacones]]
* [[Santurio]]
* [[Serín]]
* [[Somió]]
* [[Valdornón]]
* [[Vega (Gijón)|Vega]]
* [[Veriña]]
|}

== Cultur ==
[[File:Upper-front-view-san-lorenzo-church-gijon-es.JPG|thumb|Upper front view o the San Lorenzo Kirk]]
[[File:Sede Juan Barjola.JPG|thumb|Revillagigedo Palace]]
[[File:U Laboral Gijon 01.jpg|thumb|[[Universidad Laboral de Gijón]], as seen frae the touer o the same varsity.]]
* Durin the early years o the 19t century the, then vera smaw, toun o Gijón wis best kent for its college or heich-schuil kent as the ''&quot;[[Real Instituto Asturiano]]&quot; foondit bi [[Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos|Jovellanos]].''&lt;ref&gt;{{en icon}} Name o the &quot;''Instituto Asturiano''&quot; an ither details taken frae the [[Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer By Thomas Baldwin]], ''Sixth Edition'',  (1847). [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;id=-7MBAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=universal+pronouncing+gazetteer+by+thomas+baldwin&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=web&amp;ots=QQYLcgizRX&amp;sig=zfw6It6B7cOnYiHWa9FGAv10BVM]
&lt;/ref&gt;

* The Ceety Haw's sports an cultur programs for ceetizens is wide, includin the innovative ''Abierto Hasta el Amanecer'' (literally ''Open Till Dawn'') nocturnal program, which trees tae involve teens in cultural an sportin activities as a alternative tae weekend [[Nichtlife (activity)|nichtlife]].
* Gijón haes 13 librars in its Cultural Ceety Centres, which featur a wide netwirk o soummin puils an gyms.
*Ane o the maist important cultural events in the ceety is the [[Gijón International Film Festival|International Film Festival]], recognisit as ane o the bests in Spain.

=== Museums an airt galleries ===
* [[Museum of the Asturian People]]
* [[Gijón Railway Museum|Railroad museum o Asturias]]
* [[Nicanor Piñole museum]]
* [[Roman Terms museum o Campo Valdés]]
* Juan Barjola museum (A museum aboot a local penter, interested in [[avant-garde]] airt an aw)
* [[Evaristo Valle museum]] (Local penter museum placed in a mansion at the outskirts)
* [[International Bagpipe Museum]] conteens [[bagpipe]]s frae aroond the warld, focusin on the [[Asturian leid|Asturian]] muisical heritage and bagpipes.
* [[Atlantic botanical garden]]
* Airchaeological pairk [[Campa Torres]].
* Revillagigedo Palace an museum (At Marqués square, near the Ceety HaW)
* [[Gijón Aquarium]]
* [[Roman Toun o Veranes]]
* [[LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial]] (A exhibition centre for contemporar airt, science, technology an advancit visual industries)

===Varsities===
Thare are twa campuses locatit in Gijón, ane o the [[Varsity o Oviedo]] an ither o the [[Naitional Varsity o Distance Eddication]].

== Sports ==
[[File:ElMolinonSportingvsAthletic30-10-11.jpg|thumb|[[Estadio El Molinón]], in a gemme o Sporting de Gijón in [[La Liga]].]]
{{See an aw|Category:Sport in Gijón}}
In team sports, Gijón's profeesional [[fitbaa]] team, [[Sporting de Gijón]], plays in the Spainyie [[Segunda División]], wi [[AB Gijón Jovellanos]] competin in [[Liga ASOBAL]], ane o the maist important leagues o [[team handbaw]] in the warld. In weemen's sport, [[Gijón Hockey Club]] is ane o the maist important [[rink hockey]] teams in Europe.

[[CSI Gijón]] is Spain's offeecial [[show jumpin]] [[horse show]] an it's held annually in [[Las Mestas Sports Complex|Gijon's equestrian facility]].
  
Thare is a private [[sports club]] in Gijón wi mair nor 33,000 members an aw, [[Real Grupo de Cultura Covadonga]], the biggest club in Asturias.

No far frae Gijón, thare are several [[ski resorts]] in [[Asturias]], the main bein [[Valgrande-Pajares]].

The ceety's [[marina]] hooses a important fleet o yachts an is the base for mony [[water sports]], bein [[Royal Astur Yacht Club]] the maist important [[yacht club]] in toun.

===Sports centers===
The biggest sport centres in Gijón are [[Estadio El Molinón]], wi 30,000 seats, [[Plaza de Toros de El Bibio]] wi 12,000 an [[Palacio de Deportes de Gijón|Palacio de Deportes]] wi 5,000 seats.

The ceety haes in tot 13 public sport centres (in Spainyie: ''Centros Municipales Integrados'') wi soummin puils, gyms an [[saunas]]. Swimmin puils are free for childer up tae age 14.

== Economy ==
For hintle the twintiet century the toun wis hivily dependent on matur hivy industries, but at the end o the [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] era, [[tertiar sector]] employment began tae expand rapidly alang wi the ceety's population which bi 2007 stuid offeecially at 277,897 for Gijón proper, an approximately 380,000 for the tot Gijón agglomeration.

The port is at the centre o mony o the local businesses.  Apairt frae directly port relatit activities, the economy is based on tourism, steel ([[Arcelor]]), ither metallurgy, livestock rearin an fisheries.

== Climate ==
Gijón haes a humid [[oceanic climate]], wi mild temperaturs an heichlie humidity throuoot the year. The simmers are wairm, wi baith owercast an sunny days common, whilst winters are rainy but hintle milder than maist places sae far north; frosts are vera rare an niver severe.

{{Weather box
|location = Gijón
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 13.1
|Feb high C = 13.8
|Mar high C = 14.9
|Apr high C = 15.6
|May high C = 17.8
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 22.4
|Aug high C = 23.2
|Sep high C = 21.8
|Oct high C = 19.0
|Nov high C = 15.6
|Dec high C = 14.0
|year high C = 17.6
|Jan mean C = 8.9
|Feb mean C = 9.6
|Mar mean C = 10.7
|Apr mean C = 11.8
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug mean C = 19.7
|Sep mean C = 17.9
|Oct mean C = 15.0
|Nov mean C = 11.6
|Dec mean C = 9.9
|year mean C = 13.8
|Jan low C = 4.7
|Feb low C = 5.4
|Mar low C = 6.6
|Apr low C = 8.1
|May low C = 10.9
|Jun low C = 13.6
|Jul low C = 16.0
|Aug low C = 16.2
|Sep low C = 14.1
|Oct low C = 11.0
|Nov low C = 7.6
|Dec low C = 5.8
|year low C = 10.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 94
|Feb precipitation mm = 85
|Mar precipitation mm = 74
|Apr precipitation mm = 93
|May precipitation mm = 79
|Jun precipitation mm = 47
|Jul precipitation mm = 45
|Aug precipitation mm = 54
|Sep precipitation mm = 70
|Oct precipitation mm = 104
|Nov precipitation mm = 120
|Dec precipitation mm = 104
|year precipitation mm = 971
|Jan precipitation days = 12
|Feb precipitation days = 11
|Mar precipitation days = 10
|Apr precipitation days = 12
|May precipitation days = 11
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|Jul precipitation days = 6
|Aug precipitation days = 7
|Sep precipitation days = 8
|Oct precipitation days = 11
|Nov precipitation days = 12
|Dec precipitation days = 12
|year precipitation days = 121
|unit precipitation days = 1&amp;nbsp;mm
|Jan sun = 103
|Feb sun = 109
|Mar sun = 137
|Apr sun = 151
|May sun = 167
|Jun sun = 180
|Jul sun = 194
|Aug sun = 190
|Sep sun = 158
|Oct sun = 132
|Nov sun = 106
|Dec sun = 92
|year sun = 1721
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1208&amp;k=ast |title=Valores Climatológicos Normales. Gijon |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
}}

==Transport==

===Airports===
Gijón is servit bi [[Asturias Airport]], aboot {{convert|38|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} frae the centre o the ceety; it is locatit in the municipality o Castrillon.
The airport is connectit tae the ceety bi the A-8 motorwey, the N-632 national highway and scheduled bus service ([[ALSA (bus company)|Alsa]]). It haes regular flichts tae the follaein destinations: [[Barcelona]], [[Brussels]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Geneva]], [[Gran Canaria]], [[Ibiza]], [[Lanzarote]], [[Lisbon]], [[London]] - Stansted, [[Madrid]], [[Malaga]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Paris]] - Charles de Gaulle, [[Seville]], [[Tenerife]]-Sooth an [[Valencia]].  Operatin companies are: [[Air France]], [[Air Europa]] and [[Iberia]].

===Seaport===
{{main|El Musel}}
[[LD Lines]] ferries haes a regular service frae the Port o Gijon, [[El Musel]] tae [http://ldlines.fr/horaires/saint-nazaire-gijon the port of Nantes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702201554/http://ldlines.fr/horaires/saint-nazaire-gijon |date=2014-07-02 }} ([[Saint-Nazaire]]) wi three weekly depairturs an a voyage time o 16h.  This is pairt o the [[Motorweys o the Sea]] project o the European Union. In Januar 2014 twa new regular lines wur opened, weekly wi a voyage time o 25h direct tae [[Poole]] ([[Ingland]]), an via Saint-Nazaire tae [[Rosslare Harbour]] ([[Ireland]]).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elcomercio.es/20131210/asturias/gijon/musel-tendra-linea-ferry-201312100701.html El Musel tendrá línea de ferry con Inglaterra e Irlanda a partir de enero]; [[El Comercio (Spain)|El Comercio]], 10 December 2013 {{es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Public transport===
Gijón currently haes 21 bus lines, which are:

* Line 1 BRT: Cerillero - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 2: El Corte Inglés - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 4: El Lauredal - Viesques - Varsity campus
* Line 6: Musel - Alcampo - Polígono de Porceyo - Polígono de Zarracina 
* Line 10: Pumarín - Candenal- Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 12: Cerillero - Montevil - Contrueces
* Line 14: Polígono de Somonte - Tremañes - Infanzón
* Line 15: Nuevo Roces - Viesques - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 16: Estación Ferrocaril - Vega
* Line 18: Nuevo Gijón - Cabueñes Hospital
* Line 20: Montevil - Somió
* Line 21: Jove Hospital - La Campa Torres
* Line 24: Monteana - La Pedrera - Mareo
* Line 25: Tremañes - Infanzón - La Olla
* Line 26: Gijón - Deva
* Line 28: Pza. del Humedal - [[El Molinón]] 
* Line 30: Pza. del Humedal - FIDMA (International tred fair of Asturias)
* Line 34: Fomento - Musel
* Line 54: Pza. del Humedal - Las Mestas (Durin the Davis Cup semi-feenal o Tennis)

Nicht bus service (Fridays an Seturdays anerly, every day 1 Julie tae 31 August)
* Line 41: El Cerillero - Pza. del Carmen                     (BUHO 1)
* Line 42: Nuevo Roces - Pumarin - Pza. del Carmen            (BUHO 2)
* Line 43: [[Contrueces]] - Llano - Coto - Pza. del Carmen    (BUHO 3)
* Line 44: Vega - Viesques - Arena - Pza. del Carmen          (BUHO 4)

===Railwey===
The ceety is servit bi the [[Gijón Railway Station]].

===Roads an heich-gates===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Type !! Name !! Alternate name !! Itinerary
|-
| rowspan=7| [[Highways in Spain|Highway]] || {{jct|country=ESP|A|8}} || Autovía del Cantábrico || [[Baamonde]] - ''Gijón'' - [[Llanes]] - [[Torrelavega]] - [[Solares]] - [[Bilbao]] - [[San Sebastián]]
|-
| {{jct|country=ESP|A|66}} || Autovía Ruta de la Plata || ''Gijón'' - [[Oviedo]] - [[Mieres]] - [[León, Spain|León]] - [[Benavente, Zamora|Benavente]] - [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]] - [[Salamanca]] - [[Béjar]] - [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] - [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] - [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| [[Autovía AS-I|AS-I]] || Autovía Minera || ''Gijón'' - [[Pola de Siero]] - [[Langreo]] - [[Mieres]]
|-
| [[Autovía AS-II|AS-II]] || Autovía Industrial || ''Gijón'' - [[Llanera, Spain|Lugo de Llanera]] - [[Oviedo]]
|-
| GJ-10 || Interior [[ring road]] || Gijón seaport ([[El Musel]])  - [[Pumarín (Gijón)|Pumarín]] - [[El Llano (Gijón)|El Llano]]
|-
| GJ-20 || Wastren [[ring road]] || GJ-81 (Autopista Acceso Sur a Gijón) - [[Tremañes]] - Gijón seaport ([[El Musel]])
|-
| GJ-8 || Sooth access road || (A-8/A-66) - Plaza del Humedal
|-
| rowspan=3|[[List of national roads in Spain|National road]] || [[N-630 road (Spain)|N-630]] || || ''Gijón'' - [[Oviedo]] - [[Mieres]] - [[Puerto de Pajares]] - [[León, Spain|León]] - [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]] - [[Salamanca]] - [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] - [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] - [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| N-632 || || [[Cenero]] - [[Cudillero]] - [[Muros del Nalón]] - [[Soto del Barco]] - [[Avilés]] - ''Gijón'' - [[Villaviciosa, Asturias|Villaviciosa]] - [[Colunga]] - [[Caravia]] - [[Ribadesella]]
|-
| N-641 || El Musel access Road|| ''Gijón'' - [[La Calzada]] - [[Gijón seaport]] ([[El Musel]]) .
|-
|rowspan=6|Regional and local roads || AS-19 || Gijón-Avilés Road || ''Gijón'' - [[El Empalme]] - [[Prendes]] - [[Tabaza]] - [[Avilés]]
|-
| AS-246 || Carbonera Road || ''Gijón'' - [[Alto de la Madera]] - [[Noreña]] - [[El Berrón]] - [[La Gargantada]] - [[Langreo]]
|-
| AS-247 || Piles tae Infanzón Road || ''Gijón'' - [[Somió]] - [[Alto del Infanzón]]
|-
| AS-248 || Gijón-Siero Road || ''Gijón'' - [[Vega de Poja]] - [[Pola de Siero]]
|-
| AS-266 || Oviedo-Gijón Road || [[Oviedo]] - [[Lugones (Siero)|Lugones]] - [[Pruvia]] - [[Porceyo]] - ''Gijón''
|-
| AS-19a || Gijón-Avilés Road || [[Puenteseco]] - [[Muniello]]
|-
|}

==Govrenment==
Syne the [[Spainyie transition tae democracy]], [[Spainyie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]] govrened continuously durin 32 years, frae 1979 tae 2011.

Syne 11 Juin 2011, the ceety mayor is Carmen Moriyón o [[Asturias Forum]], who wis supportit wi the votes o the [[Popular Pairty (Spain)|Popular Pairty]].
===Councillors distribution in local elections===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|- 
! Poleetical pairty !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]'''
| 13 || 17 || 11 || 12 || 12 || 16 || 13 || 13 || 10
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Asturias Forum|FAC]]'''
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 9
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''AP / [[Popular Pairty (Spain)|PP]]'''
| 1 || 7 || 7 || 9 || 11 || 9 || 11 || 12 || 5
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[United Left (Spain)|IU]]'''
| 4 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 4 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 3
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Union o the Democratic Centre (Spain)|UCD]] / [[Democratic an Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]]'''
| 9 ||  || 6 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot;|'''UGJ'''
|  ||  ||  || 3 ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
|}

===Mayors in democracy===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Name !! Stairt !! End !! Pairty
|-
| José Manuel Palacio || align=&quot;center&quot;|1979 || align=&quot;center&quot;|1987 || [[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]
|-
| [[Vicente Álvarez Areces]] || align=&quot;center&quot;|1987 || align=&quot;center&quot;|1999 || [[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]
|-
| Paz Fernández Felgueroso || align=&quot;center&quot;|1999 || align=&quot;center&quot;|2011 || [[Spaingie Socialist Wirkers' Pairty|PSOE]]
|-
| Carmen Moriyón || align=&quot;center&quot;|2011 || align=&quot;center&quot;| || [[Asturias Forum|FAC]]
|-
|}

==Internaitional relations==
{{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}}
===Twin touns – Sister ceeties===
Gijón is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Albuquerque]], USA
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Havana]], Cuba
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Niort]], Fraunce (syne 1982)
||

*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novorossiysk]], Roushie (syne 1986)
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Puerto Vallarta]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|ESH}} [[Smara]], Wastren Sahara
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Gijón}}
* [http://www.gijon.es/ Gijon Municipality]
* [http://www.gijon.info/ Official Touristic wabsteid o Gijón] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010154919/http://www.gijon.info/ |date=2011-10-10 }}
* [http://www.gijon.es/Contenido.aspx?area=110&amp;leng=es&amp;id=32326 Offeecial Toponyms] – At Ceety Cooncil offeecial wabsteid.
* [http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/bopa/2006/10/19022_02.htm Official Toponyms: Laws] – ''BOPA Nº 229 – Martes, 3 de octubre de 2006'' &amp; ''DECRETO 105/2006, de 20 de septiembre'' ([http://www.politicallinguistica.org/ficheru.php?cod=227 BOPA Errata corrections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724060505/http://www.politicallinguistica.org/ficheru.php?cod=227 |date=2011-07-24 }})
*[http://www.realsporting.com Offeecial steid Sporting de Gijon]
* [http://www.laboralcentrodearte.org LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial]
{{Municipalities o Asturias}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gijon}}
[[Category:Gijón| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Asturias]]
[[Category:Pairishes in Gijón|*]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Spain]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns on the Spaingie Atlantic coast]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8196" sha1="lful3i5jfnzizn437qqpxlsvof3eni6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
|clubname = River Plate
|image =
|fullname = Club Atlético River Plate
|current  = 2013–14 Club Atlético River Plate saison
|nickname = ''Los Millonarios'' (The Millionaires)&lt;br /&gt; ''La Banda'' (The Strip)&lt;br /&gt; ''El Campeón del Siglo XX'' (The Champion o the 20t Century) &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/166487-el-campeon-del-siglo &quot;El campeón del siglo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021029/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/166487-el-campeon-del-siglo |date=2013-12-03 }} on ''[[La Nación]]'', 29 December 1999&lt;/ref&gt;
|founded  = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1901|5|25}}
|ground   = [[Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Belgrano, Buenos Aires]]
|capacity = 66.266&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.diariouno.com.ar/deportes/River-podra-jugar-ante-mas-de-61-mil-espectadores-en-el-Monumental-20111208-0054.html, |title=''Diario Uno'' |access-date=2014-06-10 |archive-date=2014-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811005943/http://www.diariouno.com.ar/deportes/River-podra-jugar-ante-mas-de-61-mil-espectadores-en-el-Monumental-20111208-0054.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|chrtitle = President
|chairman = [[Rodolfo D'Onofrio]]
|manager  = 
|league   = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]
|season   = 2025
|position = 4t
|website  = http://www.riverplate.com.ar
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'''Club Atlético River Plate''' is a professional [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] based in the [[Núñez, Buenos Aires|Nuñez]] neebourheid o [[Buenos Aires]]. Awtho mony sports are practisit at the club, River is best kent for its profeesional [[fitbaw]] team, which haes wan mony o the maist important tournaments in the warld, includin [[Copa Libertadores]], an [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]].

River is the maist successful fitbaw team o Argentinae, haein wan the [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] profeesional title a record 36 times.&lt;ref name=amateur&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18842:campeones-de-la-primera-division-del-futbol-argentino-amateurismo-1891-1934&amp;catid=110:torneos-superiores&amp;Itemid=78 Campeones de la Primera División (era amateur 1891-1934) at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=profes&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1599&amp;Itemid=222 Campeones de la Primera División (era profesional: desde 1931) at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sobrefutbol&gt;[http://www.sobrefutbol.com/torneos/torneo_argentino_equipo.htm &quot;Torneo Argentino de Primera División - Títulos por Equipo&quot;, SobreFutbol.com]&lt;/ref&gt; Ither domestic competitions wan bi River Plate wur defuncts trophies [[Copa Ibarguren|Copa Dr. Carlos Ibarguren]] (fower times)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argibargurencuphist.html Argentina – Copa Dr. Ibarguren at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt; an [[Copa Adrián C. Escobar]] (ance).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argcuphist.html Domestic cups in Argentina (see point 6) at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honours==

===Domestic===
;Offeecial honours
*'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (36)''': 1920 AAm, 1932, 1936 (Copa Campeonato),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_13/ |title=&quot;Memoria y Balance 1936&quot;, p.33, AFA Library |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2014-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624014312/http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_13/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;1936 (Copa de Oro){{efn|On 5 Julie 2013, The Argentine Fitball Association recognisit the 1936 Copa de Oro wan bi River Plate as a Primera División honour. The information wis addit tae AFA's wabsteid an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/AFA-reconocio-San-Lorenzo-River_0_950905061.html |title=&quot;La AFA les reconoció otro título a San Lorenzo y a River&quot;, ''Clarín'', 6 July 2013 |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231546/http://www.clarin.com/deportes/AFA-reconocio-San-Lorenzo-River_0_950905061.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cronica.com.ar/diario/2013/07/05/50257-san-lorenzo-y-river-campeones.html |title=&quot;77 años después: San Lorenzo y River, campeones!&quot;, ''Crónica'', 5 July 2013 |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2013-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216000000/https://web.archive.org/web/20131216002759/http://cronica.com.ar/diario/2013/07/05/50257-san-lorenzo-y-river-campeones.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Copa de Oro was a final played between the champions of previous competitions held that same year: River Plate (Copa Campeonato) an San Lorenzo ([[Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires]]). River wan the feenal match bi 4-2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg36.html Argentina 1936 at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt;}} 1937, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1975 Metropolitano, 1975 Nacional, 1977 Metropolitano, 1979 Metropolitano, 1979 Nacional, 1980 Metropolitano, 1981 Nacional, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1991 Apertura, 1993 Apertura, 1994 Apertura, 1996 Apertura, 1997 Apertura, 1997 Clausura, 1999 Apertura, 2000 Clausura, 2002 Clausura, 2003 Clausura, 2004 Clausura, 2008 Clausura, 2014 Final
*'''Copa Campeonato (1)''': 2014
*'''[[Primera B Nacional]] (1)''': 2011–12
*'''[[Primera B Metropolitana|Primera B]] (1)''': 1908
*'''[[Copa de Competencia Jockey Club]]&lt;ref name=copasnac&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18832:copas-nacionales-campeones&amp;catid=82:primera-division&amp;Itemid=587&amp;lang=es &quot;Copas Nacionales&quot; at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt; (1)''': 1914 
*'''Copa de Competencia Liga Argentina de Football&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt; (1)''': 1932
*'''[[Copa Ibarguren|Copa Dr. Carlos Ibarguren]]&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt; (4)''': 1937, 1941, 1942, 1952 {{efn|Title shared [[ex aequo]] with Liga Cultural de Santiago del Estero.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argibargurencuphist.html#1952 1952 Copa Ibarguren at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt;}}
*'''[[Copa Adrián C. Escobar]]&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt; (1)''': 1941

;Ither honours
No recognisit as offeecial titles bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association:&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt;
*'''Copa San Martín de Tours{{efn|The matches o this cup belanged tae the league or Naitional championship.}} (10)''': 1965, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1978, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1996 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Copa San Martín de Tours, Patrono de Buenos Aires |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argsanmartintours.html |first=Osvaldo José |last=Gorgazzi |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=7 April 2006 |accessdate=21 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Internaitional===
*'''Intercontinental Cup (1)''': 1986
*'''[[Copa Libertadores]] (2)''': 1986, 1996
*'''[[Copa Sudamericana]] (1)''': [[2014]]
*'''[[Recopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': [[2015]]
*'''[[Supercopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': 1997
*'''[[Copa Interamericana]] (1)''': 1987
*'''[[Tie Cup]] (1)''': 1914
*'''[[Copa Aldao|Copa Dr. Ricardo Aldao]] (6)''': 1936, 1937, 1941, 1945, 1947, 1955

====Internaitional youth====
*'''[[U-20 Copa Libertadores]] (1)''': 2012

[[File:River_Monumental_Panoramic.jpg|center|800px|]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|River Plate}}
* [http://www.cariverplate.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{es icon}}

{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}
{{Copa Libertadores winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:River Plate}}
[[Category:River Plate| ]]
[[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1901]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Basketbaw teams in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]]
[[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs]]
[[Category:1901 establishments in Argentinae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8172" sha1="on5h8b9s652sxofaav9drc9ggnmflky" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
|clubname = River Plate
|fullname = Club Atlético River Plate
|current  = 2013–14 Club Atlético River Plate saison
|nickname = ''Los Millonarios'' (The Millionaires)&lt;br /&gt; ''La Banda'' (The Strip)&lt;br /&gt; ''El Campeón del Siglo XX'' (The Champion o the 20t Century) &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/166487-el-campeon-del-siglo &quot;El campeón del siglo&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021029/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/166487-el-campeon-del-siglo |date=2013-12-03 }} on ''[[La Nación]]'', 29 December 1999&lt;/ref&gt;
|founded  = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1901|5|25}}
|ground   = [[Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Belgrano, Buenos Aires]]
|capacity = 66.266&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.diariouno.com.ar/deportes/River-podra-jugar-ante-mas-de-61-mil-espectadores-en-el-Monumental-20111208-0054.html, |title=''Diario Uno'' |access-date=2014-06-10 |archive-date=2014-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811005943/http://www.diariouno.com.ar/deportes/River-podra-jugar-ante-mas-de-61-mil-espectadores-en-el-Monumental-20111208-0054.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|chrtitle = President
|chairman = [[Rodolfo D'Onofrio]]
|league   = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]
|season   = 2025
|position = 4t
|website  = http://www.riverplate.com.ar
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| pattern_la2 = _river1819a
| pattern_b2 = _river1819a
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'''Club Atlético River Plate''' is a professional [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] based in the [[Núñez, Buenos Aires|Nuñez]] neebourheid o [[Buenos Aires]]. Awtho mony sports are practisit at the club, River is best kent for its profeesional [[fitbaw]] team, which haes wan mony o the maist important tournaments in the warld, includin [[Copa Libertadores]], an [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]].

River is the maist successful fitbaw team o Argentinae, haein wan the [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] profeesional title a record 36 times.&lt;ref name=amateur&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18842:campeones-de-la-primera-division-del-futbol-argentino-amateurismo-1891-1934&amp;catid=110:torneos-superiores&amp;Itemid=78 Campeones de la Primera División (era amateur 1891-1934) at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=profes&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1599&amp;Itemid=222 Campeones de la Primera División (era profesional: desde 1931) at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sobrefutbol&gt;[http://www.sobrefutbol.com/torneos/torneo_argentino_equipo.htm &quot;Torneo Argentino de Primera División - Títulos por Equipo&quot;, SobreFutbol.com]&lt;/ref&gt; Ither domestic competitions wan bi River Plate wur defuncts trophies [[Copa Ibarguren|Copa Dr. Carlos Ibarguren]] (fower times)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argibargurencuphist.html Argentina – Copa Dr. Ibarguren at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt; an [[Copa Adrián C. Escobar]] (ance).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argcuphist.html Domestic cups in Argentina (see point 6) at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honours==

===Domestic===
;Offeecial honours
*'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (36)''': 1920 AAm, 1932, 1936 (Copa Campeonato),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_13/ |title=&quot;Memoria y Balance 1936&quot;, p.33, AFA Library |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2014-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624014312/http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_13/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;1936 (Copa de Oro){{efn|On 5 Julie 2013, The Argentine Fitball Association recognisit the 1936 Copa de Oro wan bi River Plate as a Primera División honour. The information wis addit tae AFA's wabsteid an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/AFA-reconocio-San-Lorenzo-River_0_950905061.html |title=&quot;La AFA les reconoció otro título a San Lorenzo y a River&quot;, ''Clarín'', 6 July 2013 |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231546/http://www.clarin.com/deportes/AFA-reconocio-San-Lorenzo-River_0_950905061.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cronica.com.ar/diario/2013/07/05/50257-san-lorenzo-y-river-campeones.html |title=&quot;77 años después: San Lorenzo y River, campeones!&quot;, ''Crónica'', 5 July 2013 |access-date=2014-06-26 |archive-date=2013-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216000000/https://web.archive.org/web/20131216002759/http://cronica.com.ar/diario/2013/07/05/50257-san-lorenzo-y-river-campeones.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Copa de Oro was a final played between the champions of previous competitions held that same year: River Plate (Copa Campeonato) an San Lorenzo ([[Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires]]). River wan the feenal match bi 4-2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg36.html Argentina 1936 at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt;}} 1937, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1975 Metropolitano, 1975 Nacional, 1977 Metropolitano, 1979 Metropolitano, 1979 Nacional, 1980 Metropolitano, 1981 Nacional, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1991 Apertura, 1993 Apertura, 1994 Apertura, 1996 Apertura, 1997 Apertura, 1997 Clausura, 1999 Apertura, 2000 Clausura, 2002 Clausura, 2003 Clausura, 2004 Clausura, 2008 Clausura, 2014 Final
*'''Copa Campeonato (1)''': 2014
*'''[[Primera B Nacional]] (1)''': 2011–12
*'''[[Primera B Metropolitana|Primera B]] (1)''': 1908
*'''[[Copa de Competencia Jockey Club]]&lt;ref name=copasnac&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18832:copas-nacionales-campeones&amp;catid=82:primera-division&amp;Itemid=587&amp;lang=es &quot;Copas Nacionales&quot; at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt; (1)''': 1914 
*'''Copa de Competencia Liga Argentina de Football&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt; (1)''': 1932
*'''[[Copa Ibarguren|Copa Dr. Carlos Ibarguren]]&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt; (4)''': 1937, 1941, 1942, 1952 {{efn|Title shared [[ex aequo]] with Liga Cultural de Santiago del Estero.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argibargurencuphist.html#1952 1952 Copa Ibarguren at RSSSF]&lt;/ref&gt;}}
*'''[[Copa Adrián C. Escobar]]&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt; (1)''': 1941

;Ither honours
No recognisit as offeecial titles bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association:&lt;ref name=copasnac/&gt;
*'''Copa San Martín de Tours{{efn|The matches o this cup belanged tae the league or Naitional championship.}} (10)''': 1965, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1978, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1996 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Copa San Martín de Tours, Patrono de Buenos Aires |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argsanmartintours.html |first=Osvaldo José |last=Gorgazzi |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=7 April 2006 |accessdate=21 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Internaitional===
*'''Intercontinental Cup (1)''': 1986
*'''[[Copa Libertadores]] (2)''': 1986, 1996
*'''[[Copa Sudamericana]] (1)''': [[2014]]
*'''[[Recopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': [[2015]]
*'''[[Supercopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': 1997
*'''[[Copa Interamericana]] (1)''': 1987
*'''[[Tie Cup]] (1)''': 1914
*'''[[Copa Aldao|Copa Dr. Ricardo Aldao]] (6)''': 1936, 1937, 1941, 1945, 1947, 1955

====Internaitional youth====
*'''[[U-20 Copa Libertadores]] (1)''': 2012

[[File:River_Monumental_Panoramic.jpg|center|800px|]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|River Plate}}
* [http://www.cariverplate.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{es icon}}

{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}
{{Copa Libertadores winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:River Plate}}
[[Category:River Plate| ]]
[[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1901]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Basketbaw teams in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]]
[[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs]]
[[Category:1901 establishments in Argentinae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Boca Juniors</title>
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|fullname = Club Atlético Boca Juniors
|clubname = Boca Juniors
|image    = [[File:Escudo del Club Atlético Boca Juniors 2012.svg|150px]]
|nickname = ''Xeneizes'' ([[#Nicknames|Genoese]]), 'Bosteros'', ''Azul y Oro'', ''La Mitad más Uno''
|founded  = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1905|4|3}}
|ground   = [[Estadio Alberto J. Armando|Estadio Alberto J. Armando &lt;br/&gt; (La Bombonera)]],&lt;br /&gt;[[La Boca]], Buenos Aires
|capacity = 49,000
|chairman = [[Daniel Angelici]]
|manager  = [[Rodolfo Arruabarrena]]
|league   = [[Argentine Primera División|Superliga Argentina]] 
|season   = 2025
|position = 2nd
|website  = http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar
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[[File:Hinchada de Boca desplegando sus telones.JPG|thumb|]]
'''Club Atlético Boca Juniors''' ({{IPA-es|kluβ aˈðletiko ˈβoka ˈʝunjors}}) is an [[Argentine]] [[sports club]] based in the [[La Boca]] neebourheid o [[Buenos Aires]]. Awtho mony activities are hostit bi the club, Boca Juniors is maistly kent for its profeesional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which syne it wis promotit in 1913, haes aye played in the [[Argentine Primera División]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goalazo.com/tag/boca-juniors/ &quot;Boca Juniors in Argentina Primera Division&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910191133/http://www.goalazo.com/tag/boca-juniors/ |date=2014-09-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honours==

===Domestic===
;Offeecial honors
* '''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (30)''': 1920, 1923, 1924, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1954, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1969 Nacional, 1970 Nacional, 1976 Metropolitano, 1976 Nacional, 1981 Metropolitano, 1992 Apertura, 1998 Apertura, 1999 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2003 Apertura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2008 Apertura, 2011 Apertura&lt;ref name=&quot;amateur&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;profes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://442.perfil.com/2011-12-06-102257-por-que-boca-tiene-30-estrellas-locales/ |title=Por qué Boca tiene 30 estrellas del fútbol local, Perfil.com, 6 December 2011 |publisher=442.perfil.com |accessdate=5 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[Copa Argentina]] (2)''': 1969, 2012 &lt;ref name=copanac&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18832:copas-nacionales-campeones&amp;catid=82:primera-division&amp;Itemid=587&amp;lang=es &quot;Copas Nacionales&quot; since 1900, at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[Copa de Competencia Jockey Club]] (2)''': 1919, 1925 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;
* '''[[Copa Ibarguren|Copa Dr. Carlos Ibarguren]] (5)''': 1919, 1923, 1924, 1940, 1944 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;
* '''Copa Estímulo (1)''': 1926 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Copa Estímulo Asociación Argentina – 1926 |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-estim26.html |first=Pablo |last=Ciullini |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=24 September 2009 |accessdate=27 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Copa de Competencia Británica George VI (1)''': 1946 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Torneo Competencia &quot;George VI&quot; – 1946 |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-bri46.html |first=Osvaldo José |last=Gorgazzi |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=16 March 2001 |accessdate=27 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Ither honors (no recognisit as offeecial titles bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association) &lt;ref name=amateur/&gt;&lt;ref name=profes/&gt;
* '''Copa Reformista de la Liga Central (1)''': 1906	
* '''Copa Barone de la Liga Albión (1)''': 1908
* '''Champion of Honor{{efn|In 1925 the Argentine Football Association named Boca Juniors as &quot;Champion of Honor&quot; in recognition to the great campaign made for the team during its tour on Europe. Boca played 19 matches winning 15 with only 3 loses.}} (1)''': 1925 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Titles|url=http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/en-us/the-club/titles|publisher=Bocajuniors.com.ar|accessdate=27 March 2011|archive-date=2012-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231221551/http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/en-us/the-club/titles#amateur_1925|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.soyboca.com.ar/2011/09/27/boca_campeon_de_honor_1925.html |title=Boca: Campeón de Honor |language=Spanish |publisher=Soyboca.com.ar |accessdate=5 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Copa San Martín de Tours{{efn|No recognisit as a offeecial title bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association.}} (5)''': 1964, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1991 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Copa San Martín de Tours, Patrono de Buenos Aires |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argsanmartintours.html |first=Osvaldo José |last=Gorgazzi |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=7 April 2006 |accessdate=21 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Torneo Clausura (1)''': 1991 {{efn|No recognisit as a offeecial title bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association. Boca haed tae play twa feenal matches vs. [[Newell's Old Boys]] (the 1990 Apertura champion) in order tae proclaim a champion. Boca lost the series an tharefore the title wis gien tae Newell's Old Boys, which wis recognisit as the 1990–91 champion.}}

===Internaitional===
* '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]] (3)''': 1977, 2000, 2003
* '''[[Copa Libertadores]] (6)''': [[1977 Copa Libertadores|1977]], [[1978 Copa Libertadores|1978]], [[2000 Copa Libertadores|2000]], [[2001 Copa Libertadores|2001]], [[2003 Copa Libertadores|2003]], [[2007 Copa Libertadores|2007]]
* '''[[Copa Sudamericana]] (2)''': [[2004 Copa Sudamericana|2004]], [[2005 Copa Sudamericana|2005]]
* '''[[Recopa Sudamericana]] (4)''': 1990, 2005, 2006, 2008
* '''[[Supercopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': 1989
* '''[[Copa de Oro]] (1)''': 1993
* '''[[Supercopa Masters]] (1)''': 1989
* '''[[Tie Cup]] (1)''': 1919
* '''[[Copa de Honor Cousenier]] (1)''' : 1920
* '''Copa de Confraternidad Escobar – Gerona (2)''': 1945,{{efn|Title shared wi [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]]}} 1946 &lt;ref name=gerona&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/escobargerona.html Copa de Confraternidad Escobar – Gerona] at [[RSSSF]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Copa Mohamed V – (1)''': 1964

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website|http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/en-us}}
* [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bocajuniors.html Boca Juniors results an statistics] at RSSSF
* [http://www.historiadeboca.com.ar History of Boca Juniors] at Historiadeboca.com.ar {{es icon}}
* [http://www.informexeneize.com.ar/biografias.htm Player biographies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218072326/http://www.informexeneize.com.ar/biografias.htm |date=2007-02-18 }} at Informexeneize.com.ar {{es icon}}

[[File:Panorama La Bombonera (Buenos Aires, Argentina) looking east.jpg|800px|center|]]
{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}
{{Copa Libertadores winners}}
{{Copa Sudamericana winners}}

[[Category:Boca Juniors| ]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1905]]
[[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]]
[[Category:Basketbaw clubs established in 1905]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]]</text>
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      <id>921466</id>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="7898" sha1="ga0z5bkduzd2vna25whaushgugw4u1q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw club
|fullname = Club Atlético Boca Juniors
|clubname = Boca Juniors
|image    = [[File:Escudo del Club Atlético Boca Juniors 2012.svg|150px]]
|nickname = ''Xeneizes'' ([[#Nicknames|Genoese]]), 'Bosteros'', ''Azul y Oro'', ''La Mitad más Uno''
|founded  = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1905|4|3}}
|ground   = [[Estadio Alberto J. Armando|Estadio Alberto J. Armando &lt;br/&gt; (La Bombonera)]],&lt;br /&gt;[[La Boca]], Buenos Aires
|capacity = 49,000
|chairman = [[Daniel Angelici]]
|manager  = [[Rodolfo Arruabarrena]]
|league   = [[Argentine Primera División|Superliga Argentina]] 
|season   = 2025
|position = 2nd
|website  = http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar
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[[File:Hinchada de Boca desplegando sus telones.JPG|thumb|]]
'''Club Atlético Boca Juniors''' ({{IPA-es|kluβ aˈðletiko ˈβoka ˈʝunjors}}) is an [[Argentine]] [[sports club]] based in the [[La Boca]] neebourheid o [[Buenos Aires]]. Awtho mony activities are hostit bi the club, Boca Juniors is maistly kent for its profeesional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which syne it wis promotit in 1913, haes aye played in the [[Argentine Primera División]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goalazo.com/tag/boca-juniors/ &quot;Boca Juniors in Argentina Primera Division&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910191133/http://www.goalazo.com/tag/boca-juniors/ |date=2014-09-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honours==

===Domestic===
;Offeecial honors
* '''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (30)''': 1920, 1923, 1924, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1954, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1969 Nacional, 1970 Nacional, 1976 Metropolitano, 1976 Nacional, 1981 Metropolitano, 1992 Apertura, 1998 Apertura, 1999 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2003 Apertura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2008 Apertura, 2011 Apertura&lt;ref name=&quot;amateur&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;profes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://442.perfil.com/2011-12-06-102257-por-que-boca-tiene-30-estrellas-locales/ |title=Por qué Boca tiene 30 estrellas del fútbol local, Perfil.com, 6 December 2011 |publisher=442.perfil.com |accessdate=5 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[Copa Argentina]] (2)''': 1969, 2012 &lt;ref name=copanac&gt;[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=18832:copas-nacionales-campeones&amp;catid=82:primera-division&amp;Itemid=587&amp;lang=es &quot;Copas Nacionales&quot; since 1900, at AFA website]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[Copa de Competencia Jockey Club]] (2)''': 1919, 1925 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;
* '''[[Copa Ibarguren|Copa Dr. Carlos Ibarguren]] (5)''': 1919, 1923, 1924, 1940, 1944 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;
* '''Copa Estímulo (1)''': 1926 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Copa Estímulo Asociación Argentina – 1926 |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-estim26.html |first=Pablo |last=Ciullini |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=24 September 2009 |accessdate=27 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Copa de Competencia Británica George VI (1)''': 1946 &lt;ref name=copanac/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Torneo Competencia &quot;George VI&quot; – 1946 |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-bri46.html |first=Osvaldo José |last=Gorgazzi |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=16 March 2001 |accessdate=27 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Ither honors (no recognisit as offeecial titles bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association) &lt;ref name=amateur/&gt;&lt;ref name=profes/&gt;
* '''Copa Reformista de la Liga Central (1)''': 1906	
* '''Copa Barone de la Liga Albión (1)''': 1908
* '''Champion of Honor{{efn|In 1925 the Argentine Football Association named Boca Juniors as &quot;Champion of Honor&quot; in recognition to the great campaign made for the team during its tour on Europe. Boca played 19 matches winning 15 with only 3 loses.}} (1)''': 1925 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Titles|url=http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/en-us/the-club/titles|publisher=Bocajuniors.com.ar|accessdate=27 March 2011|archive-date=2012-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231221551/http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/en-us/the-club/titles#amateur_1925|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.soyboca.com.ar/2011/09/27/boca_campeon_de_honor_1925.html |title=Boca: Campeón de Honor |language=Spanish |publisher=Soyboca.com.ar |accessdate=5 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Copa San Martín de Tours{{efn|No recognisit as a offeecial title bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association.}} (5)''': 1964, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1991 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Argentina – Copa San Martín de Tours, Patrono de Buenos Aires |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argsanmartintours.html |first=Osvaldo José |last=Gorgazzi |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] |date=7 April 2006 |accessdate=21 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Torneo Clausura (1)''': 1991 {{efn|No recognisit as a offeecial title bi the Argentine Fitbaa Association. Boca haed tae play twa feenal matches vs. [[Newell's Old Boys]] (the 1990 Apertura champion) in order tae proclaim a champion. Boca lost the series an tharefore the title wis gien tae Newell's Old Boys, which wis recognisit as the 1990–91 champion.}}

===Internaitional===
* '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]] (3)''': 1977, 2000, 2003
* '''[[Copa Libertadores]] (6)''': [[1977 Copa Libertadores|1977]], [[1978 Copa Libertadores|1978]], [[2000 Copa Libertadores|2000]], [[2001 Copa Libertadores|2001]], [[2003 Copa Libertadores|2003]], [[2007 Copa Libertadores|2007]]
* '''[[Copa Sudamericana]] (2)''': [[2004 Copa Sudamericana|2004]], [[2005 Copa Sudamericana|2005]]
* '''[[Recopa Sudamericana]] (4)''': 1990, 2005, 2006, 2008
* '''[[Supercopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': 1989
* '''[[Copa de Oro]] (1)''': 1993
* '''[[Supercopa Masters]] (1)''': 1989
* '''[[Tie Cup]] (1)''': 1919
* '''[[Copa de Honor Cousenier]] (1)''' : 1920
* '''Copa de Confraternidad Escobar – Gerona (2)''': 1945,{{efn|Title shared wi [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]]}} 1946 &lt;ref name=gerona&gt;[http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/escobargerona.html Copa de Confraternidad Escobar – Gerona] at [[RSSSF]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Copa Mohamed V – (1)''': 1964

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website|http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/en-us}}
* [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bocajuniors.html Boca Juniors results an statistics] at RSSSF
* [http://www.historiadeboca.com.ar History of Boca Juniors] at Historiadeboca.com.ar {{es icon}}
* [http://www.informexeneize.com.ar/biografias.htm Player biographies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218072326/http://www.informexeneize.com.ar/biografias.htm |date=2007-02-18 }} at Informexeneize.com.ar {{es icon}}

[[File:Panorama La Bombonera (Buenos Aires, Argentina) looking east.jpg|800px|center|]]
{{Intercontinental Cup winners}}
{{Copa Libertadores winners}}
{{Copa Sudamericana winners}}

[[Category:Boca Juniors| ]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1905]]
[[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]]
[[Category:Basketbaw clubs established in 1905]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alan Dzagoev</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>76285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921338</id>
      <parentid>921320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:54:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="3491" sha1="7siehazba4gv0ew07ml1sect81nq6xm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name                = Alan Dzagoev
| image               = Alan Dzagoev 2011 (2).jpg
| caption             = Dzagoev wi [[Roushie naitional fitbaw team|Roushie]] in 2011
| fullname            = Alan Yelizbarovich Dzagoev
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|6|17}}
| birth_place         = [[Beslan]], [[Soviet Union]]
| height              = {{height|m=1.78}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дзагоев Алан {{!}} РПЛ|url=https://www.premierliga.ru/players/Dzagoev-Alan/?category=profile|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-20|website=www.premierliga.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| position            = [[Attacking midfielder]]
| currentclub         = [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]]
| clubnumber          = 10
| youthyears1         = 2000–2005 | youthclubs1 = Yunost Vladikavkaz 
| youthyears2         = 2005      | youthclubs2 = [[Konoplyov fitbaw academy|Konoplyov Academy]]
| years1              = 2006–2007 | clubs1 = [[FC Akademiya Tolyatti|Krylya Sovetov-SOK]] | caps1 =  37 | goals1 = 6
| years2              = 2008–     | clubs2 = [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]]              | caps2 = 194 | goals2 = 47
| nationalyears1      = 2013      | nationalteam1 = [[Roushie naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Roushie U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2      = 2008–     | nationalteam2 = [[Roushie naitional fitbaw team|Roushie]] | nationalcaps2 = 49 | nationalgoals2 = 9
| pcupdate            = 21 Mey 2016
| ntupdate            = 29 Mairch 2016
| medaltemplates = 
{{Medal|Team|[[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[Roushie Cup]]|[[2007-08 Roushie Cup|2008]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[Roushie Cup]]|[[2008-09 Roushie Cup|2009]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[Roushie Super Cup]]|[[2009 Roushie Super Cup|2009]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[Roushie Super Cup]]|[[2010 Roushie Super Cup|2010]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[Roushie Cup]]|[[2010-11 Roushie Cup|2011]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[Roushie Super Cup]]|[[2011 Roushie Super Cup|2011]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[Roushie Cup]]|[[2012-13 Roushie Cup|2013]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[Roushie Super Cup]]|[[2013 Roushie Super Cup|2013]]}}
}}
'''Alan Yelizbarovich Dzagoev''' ({{lang-ru|Ала́н Елизба́рович Дзаго́ев}}, {{IPA-ru|ɐˈlan ɪlʲɪzˈbarəvʲɪt͡ɕ dzɐˈgoɪf|pron}}; {{lang-os|Дзӕгъойты Елизбары фырт Алан}}; [[romanization o Roushie|romanized]] as '''Dzagoyev'''; born 17 Juin 1990) is a [[Roushie naitional fitbaw team|Roushie internaitional]] fitbawer who  plays  as an attackin midfielder for [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]] in the [[Roushie Premier League]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{PFC CSKA Moscow squad}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title=Roushie squads
|bg=#D52B1E
|fg=white
|bordercolor=#0039A6
|list1=
{{Russia squad UEFA Euro 2012}}
{{Russia squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Russia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}}
}}{{Navboxes |title=Awairds |titlestyle=background: gold |list1=
{{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}}
{{UEFA Euro U-21 2013 Team of the Tournament}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dzagoev, Alan}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Beslan]]
[[Category:Ossetian fowk]]
[[Category:Roushie fitbawers]]
[[Category:PFC CSKA Moscow players]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw midfielders]]
[[Category:Roushie internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Roushie unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Roushie Premier League players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mexico naitional fitbaw team</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:24:16Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Lirazelf</username>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="5119" sha1="la2ym5s1ltj8xvlapsk4wnvhvs2elw1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox National football team
| Name              = Mexico
| Badge             = 
| Badge_size        = 200 px
| Nickname          = ''El Tricolor'' &lt;br&gt; ''El Tri'' &lt;br&gt; ''La Verde''
| Association       = [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF)
|Confederation      = [[CONCACAF]]
| Sub-confederation = [[North American Football Union|NAFU]] ([[North Americae]])
| Coach             = [[Gerardo Martino]]
| Asst Manager      =
| Captain           = [[Andrés Guardado]]
| Most caps         = [[Claudio Suárez]] (177)
| Top scorer        = [[Javier Hernández]] (52)
| Home Stadium      = [[Estadio Azteca]]
| FIFA Trigramme    = MEX
| FIFA Rank         = {{FIFA World Rankings|MEX}}
| FIFA max          = 4
| FIFA max date     = February–June 1998, May–June 2006
| FIFA min          = 33
| FIFA min date     = July 2009
| Elo Rank          = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Mexico}}
| Elo max           = 1
| Elo max date      = July 2011
| Elo min           = 47
| Elo min date      = February 1979
| pattern_la1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_b1  = _Mex19h
| pattern_ra1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_sh1= _mex19H
| pattern_so1 = _Mex19h
|leftarm1= FFFFFF
|body1= FFFFFF
|rightarm1= FFFFFF
|shorts1= 03a154
|socks1= 000000
| pattern_la2 = _mex20a
| pattern_b2 = _mex20a
| pattern_ra2 = _mex20a
| pattern_sh2 = _mex20a
| pattern_so2 = _mex20a
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game         = {{fb|Guatemala}} 2–3 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1916}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]; 1 Januar 1923)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|Mexico|1881}} Mexico 13–0 {{fb-rt|Bahamas}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Toluca]], [[State o Mexico|Mexico]]; 28 April 1987)
| Largest loss       = {{fb|ENG}} 8–0 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]]; 10 Mey 1961)
| World cup apps     = 15
| World cup first    = 1930
| World cup best     = Quairter-feenals, [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]
| Regional name      = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Championship&lt;br&gt;&amp; Gold Cup]]
| Regional cup apps  = 20
| Regional cup first = [[1963 CONCACAF Championship|1963]]
| Regional cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1965 CONCACAF Championship|1965]], [[1971 CONCACAF Championship|1971]], [[1977 CONCACAF Championship|1977]], [[1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1993]], [[1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1996]], [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1998]], [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2003]], [[2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2009]], [[2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2011]]
| Confederations cup apps  = 6
| Confederations cup first = [[1995 FIFA Confederations Cup|1995]]
| Confederations cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]]
| 2ndRegional name         = [[Copa América]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps     = 8
| 2ndRegional cup first    = [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
| 2ndRegional cup best     = Runners-up [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1993 Copa América|1993]] an [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalTop|}}
{{MedalSport | Men's football&lt;ref&gt;After 1988, the tournament has been restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Mexico naitional fitbaa team''' ({{Lang-es|Selección de fútbol de México}}) represents [[Mexico]] in [[association fitbaa]] an is govrened bi the [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF), the govrenin bouk for [[fitbaa in Mexico]]. Mexico's hame stadium is the [[Estadio Azteca]] an their heid coach is [[Miguel Herrera]]. The team is currently rankit 20t in the [[FIFA Warld Rankins]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| publisher=[[FIFA]]| title=FIFA World Rankings| accessdate=2011-10-19| archive-date=2015-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103202843/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 16th in the [[World Football Elo Ratings]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Elo&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| publisher=[[World Football Elo Ratings]]| title=World Football Elo Ratings| accessdate=2013-08-13| archive-date=2006-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720094546/http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.femexfut.org.mx Offeecial Steid o the Federacion Mexicana de Fútbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901101419/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/ |date=2019-09-01 }}
*[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mex-intres.html RSSSF archives an results]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:FIFA Confederations Cup-winnin kintras]]
[[Category:North American naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:Mexico naitional fitbaw team| ]]
[[Category:Naitional sports teams o Mexico|Fitbaa]]</text>
      <sha1>la2ym5s1ltj8xvlapsk4wnvhvs2elw1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921527</id>
      <parentid>921526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:24:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:FIFA Confederations Cup-winnin kintras]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5067" sha1="mrv90hkhkjl37s8j1p5fe0u6zt19etg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox National football team
| Name              = Mexico
| Badge             = 
| Badge_size        = 200 px
| Nickname          = ''El Tricolor'' &lt;br&gt; ''El Tri'' &lt;br&gt; ''La Verde''
| Association       = [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF)
|Confederation      = [[CONCACAF]]
| Sub-confederation = [[North American Football Union|NAFU]] ([[North Americae]])
| Coach             = [[Gerardo Martino]]
| Asst Manager      =
| Captain           = [[Andrés Guardado]]
| Most caps         = [[Claudio Suárez]] (177)
| Top scorer        = [[Javier Hernández]] (52)
| Home Stadium      = [[Estadio Azteca]]
| FIFA Trigramme    = MEX
| FIFA Rank         = {{FIFA World Rankings|MEX}}
| FIFA max          = 4
| FIFA max date     = February–June 1998, May–June 2006
| FIFA min          = 33
| FIFA min date     = July 2009
| Elo Rank          = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Mexico}}
| Elo max           = 1
| Elo max date      = July 2011
| Elo min           = 47
| Elo min date      = February 1979
| pattern_la1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_b1  = _Mex19h
| pattern_ra1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_sh1= _mex19H
| pattern_so1 = _Mex19h
|leftarm1= FFFFFF
|body1= FFFFFF
|rightarm1= FFFFFF
|shorts1= 03a154
|socks1= 000000
| pattern_la2 = _mex20a
| pattern_b2 = _mex20a
| pattern_ra2 = _mex20a
| pattern_sh2 = _mex20a
| pattern_so2 = _mex20a
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game         = {{fb|Guatemala}} 2–3 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1916}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]; 1 Januar 1923)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|Mexico|1881}} Mexico 13–0 {{fb-rt|Bahamas}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Toluca]], [[State o Mexico|Mexico]]; 28 April 1987)
| Largest loss       = {{fb|ENG}} 8–0 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]]; 10 Mey 1961)
| World cup apps     = 15
| World cup first    = 1930
| World cup best     = Quairter-feenals, [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]
| Regional name      = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Championship&lt;br&gt;&amp; Gold Cup]]
| Regional cup apps  = 20
| Regional cup first = [[1963 CONCACAF Championship|1963]]
| Regional cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1965 CONCACAF Championship|1965]], [[1971 CONCACAF Championship|1971]], [[1977 CONCACAF Championship|1977]], [[1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1993]], [[1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1996]], [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1998]], [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2003]], [[2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2009]], [[2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2011]]
| Confederations cup apps  = 6
| Confederations cup first = [[1995 FIFA Confederations Cup|1995]]
| Confederations cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]]
| 2ndRegional name         = [[Copa América]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps     = 8
| 2ndRegional cup first    = [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
| 2ndRegional cup best     = Runners-up [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1993 Copa América|1993]] an [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalTop|}}
{{MedalSport | Men's football&lt;ref&gt;After 1988, the tournament has been restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Mexico naitional fitbaa team''' ({{Lang-es|Selección de fútbol de México}}) represents [[Mexico]] in [[association fitbaa]] an is govrened bi the [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF), the govrenin bouk for [[fitbaa in Mexico]]. Mexico's hame stadium is the [[Estadio Azteca]] an their heid coach is [[Miguel Herrera]]. The team is currently rankit 20t in the [[FIFA Warld Rankins]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| publisher=[[FIFA]]| title=FIFA World Rankings| accessdate=2011-10-19| archive-date=2015-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103202843/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 16th in the [[World Football Elo Ratings]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Elo&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| publisher=[[World Football Elo Ratings]]| title=World Football Elo Ratings| accessdate=2013-08-13| archive-date=2006-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720094546/http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.femexfut.org.mx Offeecial Steid o the Federacion Mexicana de Fútbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901101419/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/ |date=2019-09-01 }}
*[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mex-intres.html RSSSF archives an results]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:North American naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:Mexico naitional fitbaw team| ]]
[[Category:Naitional sports teams o Mexico|Fitbaa]]</text>
      <sha1>mrv90hkhkjl37s8j1p5fe0u6zt19etg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921528</id>
      <parentid>921527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:24:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Naitional sports teams o Mexico]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5015" sha1="d8y0cb2y09z4spsbt06nmicz1qpdqs7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox National football team
| Name              = Mexico
| Badge             = 
| Badge_size        = 200 px
| Nickname          = ''El Tricolor'' &lt;br&gt; ''El Tri'' &lt;br&gt; ''La Verde''
| Association       = [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF)
|Confederation      = [[CONCACAF]]
| Sub-confederation = [[North American Football Union|NAFU]] ([[North Americae]])
| Coach             = [[Gerardo Martino]]
| Asst Manager      =
| Captain           = [[Andrés Guardado]]
| Most caps         = [[Claudio Suárez]] (177)
| Top scorer        = [[Javier Hernández]] (52)
| Home Stadium      = [[Estadio Azteca]]
| FIFA Trigramme    = MEX
| FIFA Rank         = {{FIFA World Rankings|MEX}}
| FIFA max          = 4
| FIFA max date     = February–June 1998, May–June 2006
| FIFA min          = 33
| FIFA min date     = July 2009
| Elo Rank          = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Mexico}}
| Elo max           = 1
| Elo max date      = July 2011
| Elo min           = 47
| Elo min date      = February 1979
| pattern_la1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_b1  = _Mex19h
| pattern_ra1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_sh1= _mex19H
| pattern_so1 = _Mex19h
|leftarm1= FFFFFF
|body1= FFFFFF
|rightarm1= FFFFFF
|shorts1= 03a154
|socks1= 000000
| pattern_la2 = _mex20a
| pattern_b2 = _mex20a
| pattern_ra2 = _mex20a
| pattern_sh2 = _mex20a
| pattern_so2 = _mex20a
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game         = {{fb|Guatemala}} 2–3 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1916}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]; 1 Januar 1923)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|Mexico|1881}} Mexico 13–0 {{fb-rt|Bahamas}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Toluca]], [[State o Mexico|Mexico]]; 28 April 1987)
| Largest loss       = {{fb|ENG}} 8–0 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]]; 10 Mey 1961)
| World cup apps     = 15
| World cup first    = 1930
| World cup best     = Quairter-feenals, [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]
| Regional name      = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Championship&lt;br&gt;&amp; Gold Cup]]
| Regional cup apps  = 20
| Regional cup first = [[1963 CONCACAF Championship|1963]]
| Regional cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1965 CONCACAF Championship|1965]], [[1971 CONCACAF Championship|1971]], [[1977 CONCACAF Championship|1977]], [[1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1993]], [[1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1996]], [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1998]], [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2003]], [[2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2009]], [[2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2011]]
| Confederations cup apps  = 6
| Confederations cup first = [[1995 FIFA Confederations Cup|1995]]
| Confederations cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]]
| 2ndRegional name         = [[Copa América]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps     = 8
| 2ndRegional cup first    = [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
| 2ndRegional cup best     = Runners-up [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1993 Copa América|1993]] an [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalTop|}}
{{MedalSport | Men's football&lt;ref&gt;After 1988, the tournament has been restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Mexico naitional fitbaa team''' ({{Lang-es|Selección de fútbol de México}}) represents [[Mexico]] in [[association fitbaa]] an is govrened bi the [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF), the govrenin bouk for [[fitbaa in Mexico]]. Mexico's hame stadium is the [[Estadio Azteca]] an their heid coach is [[Miguel Herrera]]. The team is currently rankit 20t in the [[FIFA Warld Rankins]]&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| publisher=[[FIFA]]| title=FIFA World Rankings| accessdate=2011-10-19| archive-date=2015-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103202843/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 16th in the [[World Football Elo Ratings]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Elo&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| publisher=[[World Football Elo Ratings]]| title=World Football Elo Ratings| accessdate=2013-08-13| archive-date=2006-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720094546/http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.femexfut.org.mx Offeecial Steid o the Federacion Mexicana de Fútbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901101419/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/ |date=2019-09-01 }}
*[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mex-intres.html RSSSF archives an results]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:North American naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:Mexico naitional fitbaw team| ]]</text>
      <sha1>d8y0cb2y09z4spsbt06nmicz1qpdqs7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921529</id>
      <parentid>921528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:25:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin red airtins</comment>
      <origin>921529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4991" sha1="pa53rfdzrtprp7vz1uwibleczdwpl19" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox National football team
| Name              = Mexico
| Badge             = 
| Badge_size        = 200 px
| Nickname          = ''El Tricolor'' &lt;br&gt; ''El Tri'' &lt;br&gt; ''La Verde''
| Association       = [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF)
|Confederation      = [[CONCACAF]]
| Sub-confederation = [[North American Football Union|NAFU]] ([[North Americae]])
| Coach             = [[Gerardo Martino]]
| Asst Manager      =
| Captain           = [[Andrés Guardado]]
| Most caps         = [[Claudio Suárez]] (177)
| Top scorer        = [[Javier Hernández]] (52)
| Home Stadium      = [[Estadio Azteca]]
| FIFA Trigramme    = MEX
| FIFA Rank         = {{FIFA World Rankings|MEX}}
| FIFA max          = 4
| FIFA max date     = February–June 1998, May–June 2006
| FIFA min          = 33
| FIFA min date     = July 2009
| Elo Rank          = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Mexico}}
| Elo max           = 1
| Elo max date      = July 2011
| Elo min           = 47
| Elo min date      = February 1979
| pattern_la1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_b1  = _Mex19h
| pattern_ra1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_sh1= _mex19H
| pattern_so1 = _Mex19h
|leftarm1= FFFFFF
|body1= FFFFFF
|rightarm1= FFFFFF
|shorts1= 03a154
|socks1= 000000
| pattern_la2 = _mex20a
| pattern_b2 = _mex20a
| pattern_ra2 = _mex20a
| pattern_sh2 = _mex20a
| pattern_so2 = _mex20a
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game         = {{fb|Guatemala}} 2–3 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1916}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]; 1 Januar 1923)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|Mexico|1881}} Mexico 13–0 {{fb-rt|Bahamas}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Toluca]], [[State o Mexico|Mexico]]; 28 April 1987)
| Largest loss       = {{fb|ENG}} 8–0 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]]; 10 Mey 1961)
| World cup apps     = 15
| World cup first    = 1930
| World cup best     = Quairter-feenals, [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]
| Regional name      = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Championship&lt;br&gt;&amp; Gold Cup]]
| Regional cup apps  = 20
| Regional cup first = [[1963 CONCACAF Championship|1963]]
| Regional cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1965 CONCACAF Championship|1965]], [[1971 CONCACAF Championship|1971]], [[1977 CONCACAF Championship|1977]], [[1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1993]], [[1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1996]], [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1998]], [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2003]], [[2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2009]], [[2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2011]]
| Confederations cup apps  = 6
| Confederations cup first = [[1995 FIFA Confederations Cup|1995]]
| Confederations cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]]
| 2ndRegional name         = [[Copa América]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps     = 8
| 2ndRegional cup first    = [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
| 2ndRegional cup best     = Runners-up [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1993 Copa América|1993]] an [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalTop|}}
{{MedalSport | Men's football&lt;ref&gt;After 1988, the tournament has been restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Mexico naitional fitbaa team''' ({{Lang-es|Selección de fútbol de México}}) represents [[Mexico]] in [[association fitbaa]] an is govrened bi the Mexican Fitbaa Federation (FMF), the govrenin bouk for fitbaa in Mexico. Mexico's hame stadium is the Estadio Azteca an their heid coach is Miguel Herrera. The team is currently rankit 20t in the FIFA Warld Rankins&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| publisher=[[FIFA]]| title=FIFA World Rankings| accessdate=2011-10-19| archive-date=2015-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103202843/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 16th in the World Football Elo Ratings.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elo&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| publisher=[[World Football Elo Ratings]]| title=World Football Elo Ratings| accessdate=2013-08-13| archive-date=2006-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720094546/http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.femexfut.org.mx Offeecial Steid o the Federacion Mexicana de Fútbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901101419/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/ |date=2019-09-01 }}
*[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mex-intres.html RSSSF archives an results]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:North American naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:Mexico naitional fitbaw team| ]]</text>
      <sha1>pa53rfdzrtprp7vz1uwibleczdwpl19</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921534</id>
      <parentid>921529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:26:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4990" sha1="06kd8vbj2zx1298fx1yno71m4yiyn77" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox naitional fitbaw team
| Name              = Mexico
| Badge             = 
| Badge_size        = 200 px
| Nickname          = ''El Tricolor'' &lt;br&gt; ''El Tri'' &lt;br&gt; ''La Verde''
| Association       = [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF)
|Confederation      = [[CONCACAF]]
| Sub-confederation = [[North American Football Union|NAFU]] ([[North Americae]])
| Coach             = [[Gerardo Martino]]
| Asst Manager      =
| Captain           = [[Andrés Guardado]]
| Most caps         = [[Claudio Suárez]] (177)
| Top scorer        = [[Javier Hernández]] (52)
| Home Stadium      = [[Estadio Azteca]]
| FIFA Trigramme    = MEX
| FIFA Rank         = {{FIFA World Rankings|MEX}}
| FIFA max          = 4
| FIFA max date     = February–June 1998, May–June 2006
| FIFA min          = 33
| FIFA min date     = July 2009
| Elo Rank          = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Mexico}}
| Elo max           = 1
| Elo max date      = July 2011
| Elo min           = 47
| Elo min date      = February 1979
| pattern_la1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_b1  = _Mex19h
| pattern_ra1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_sh1= _mex19H
| pattern_so1 = _Mex19h
|leftarm1= FFFFFF
|body1= FFFFFF
|rightarm1= FFFFFF
|shorts1= 03a154
|socks1= 000000
| pattern_la2 = _mex20a
| pattern_b2 = _mex20a
| pattern_ra2 = _mex20a
| pattern_sh2 = _mex20a
| pattern_so2 = _mex20a
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game         = {{fb|Guatemala}} 2–3 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1916}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]; 1 Januar 1923)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|Mexico|1881}} Mexico 13–0 {{fb-rt|Bahamas}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Toluca]], [[State o Mexico|Mexico]]; 28 April 1987)
| Largest loss       = {{fb|ENG}} 8–0 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]]; 10 Mey 1961)
| World cup apps     = 15
| World cup first    = 1930
| World cup best     = Quairter-feenals, [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]
| Regional name      = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Championship&lt;br&gt;&amp; Gold Cup]]
| Regional cup apps  = 20
| Regional cup first = [[1963 CONCACAF Championship|1963]]
| Regional cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1965 CONCACAF Championship|1965]], [[1971 CONCACAF Championship|1971]], [[1977 CONCACAF Championship|1977]], [[1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1993]], [[1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1996]], [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1998]], [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2003]], [[2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2009]], [[2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2011]]
| Confederations cup apps  = 6
| Confederations cup first = [[1995 FIFA Confederations Cup|1995]]
| Confederations cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]]
| 2ndRegional name         = [[Copa América]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps     = 8
| 2ndRegional cup first    = [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
| 2ndRegional cup best     = Runners-up [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1993 Copa América|1993]] an [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalTop|}}
{{MedalSport | Men's football&lt;ref&gt;After 1988, the tournament has been restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Mexico naitional fitbaa team''' ({{Lang-es|Selección de fútbol de México}}) represents [[Mexico]] in [[association fitbaa]] an is govrened bi the Mexican Fitbaa Federation (FMF), the govrenin bouk for fitbaa in Mexico. Mexico's hame stadium is the Estadio Azteca an their heid coach is Miguel Herrera. The team is currently rankit 20t in the FIFA Warld Rankins&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| publisher=[[FIFA]]| title=FIFA World Rankings| accessdate=2011-10-19| archive-date=2015-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103202843/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 16th in the World Football Elo Ratings.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elo&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| publisher=[[World Football Elo Ratings]]| title=World Football Elo Ratings| accessdate=2013-08-13| archive-date=2006-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720094546/http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.femexfut.org.mx Offeecial Steid o the Federacion Mexicana de Fútbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901101419/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/ |date=2019-09-01 }}
*[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mex-intres.html RSSSF archives an results]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:North American naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:Mexico naitional fitbaw team| ]]</text>
      <sha1>06kd8vbj2zx1298fx1yno71m4yiyn77</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921535</id>
      <parentid>921534</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:27:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921535</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4945" sha1="23ulncr89wvmbl7s9yl9q5ephek7wol" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox naitional fitbaw team
| Name              = Mexico
| Badge_size        = 200 px
| Nickname          = ''El Tricolor'' &lt;br&gt; ''El Tri'' &lt;br&gt; ''La Verde''
| Association       = [[Mexican Fitbaa Federation]] (FMF)
|Confederation      = [[CONCACAF]]
| Sub-confederation = [[North American Football Union|NAFU]] ([[North Americae]])
| Coach             = [[Gerardo Martino]]
| Captain           = [[Andrés Guardado]]
| Most caps         = [[Claudio Suárez]] (177)
| Top scorer        = [[Javier Hernández]] (52)
| Home Stadium      = [[Estadio Azteca]]
| FIFA Trigramme    = MEX
| FIFA Rank         = {{FIFA World Rankings|MEX}}
| FIFA max          = 4
| FIFA max date     = February–June 1998, May–June 2006
| FIFA min          = 33
| FIFA min date     = July 2009
| Elo Rank          = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Mexico}}
| Elo max           = 1
| Elo max date      = July 2011
| Elo min           = 47
| Elo min date      = February 1979
| pattern_la1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_b1  = _Mex19h
| pattern_ra1 = _Mex19h
| pattern_sh1= _mex19H
| pattern_so1 = _Mex19h
|leftarm1= FFFFFF
|body1= FFFFFF
|rightarm1= FFFFFF
|shorts1= 03a154
|socks1= 000000
| pattern_la2 = _mex20a
| pattern_b2 = _mex20a
| pattern_ra2 = _mex20a
| pattern_sh2 = _mex20a
| pattern_so2 = _mex20a
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game         = {{fb|Guatemala}} 2–3 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1916}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala Depairtment|Guatemala]]; 1 Januar 1923)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|Mexico|1881}} Mexico 13–0 {{fb-rt|Bahamas}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Toluca]], [[State o Mexico|Mexico]]; 28 April 1987)
| Largest loss       = {{fb|ENG}} 8–0 Mexico {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} &lt;br&gt; ([[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]]; 10 Mey 1961)
| World cup apps     = 15
| World cup first    = 1930
| World cup best     = Quairter-feenals, [[1970 FIFA Warld Cup|1970]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]
| Regional name      = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Championship&lt;br&gt;&amp; Gold Cup]]
| Regional cup apps  = 20
| Regional cup first = [[1963 CONCACAF Championship|1963]]
| Regional cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1965 CONCACAF Championship|1965]], [[1971 CONCACAF Championship|1971]], [[1977 CONCACAF Championship|1977]], [[1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1993]], [[1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1996]], [[1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|1998]], [[2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2003]], [[2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2009]], [[2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2011]]
| Confederations cup apps  = 6
| Confederations cup first = [[1995 FIFA Confederations Cup|1995]]
| Confederations cup best  = Winners [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]]
| 2ndRegional name         = [[Copa América]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps     = 8
| 2ndRegional cup first    = [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
| 2ndRegional cup best     = Runners-up [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px]] : [[1993 Copa América|1993]] an [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalTop|}}
{{MedalSport | Men's football&lt;ref&gt;After 1988, the tournament has been restricted to squads with no more than 3 players over the age of 23, and these matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Mexico naitional fitbaa team''' ({{Lang-es|Selección de fútbol de México}}) represents [[Mexico]] in [[association fitbaa]] an is govrened bi the Mexican Fitbaa Federation (FMF), the govrenin bouk for fitbaa in Mexico. Mexico's hame stadium is the Estadio Azteca an their heid coach is Miguel Herrera. The team is currently rankit 20t in the FIFA Warld Rankins&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| publisher=[[FIFA]]| title=FIFA World Rankings| accessdate=2011-10-19| archive-date=2015-11-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103202843/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 16th in the World Football Elo Ratings.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elo&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| publisher=[[World Football Elo Ratings]]| title=World Football Elo Ratings| accessdate=2013-08-13| archive-date=2006-07-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720094546/http://www.eloratings.net/world.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.femexfut.org.mx Offeecial Steid o the Federacion Mexicana de Fútbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901101419/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/ |date=2019-09-01 }}
*[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mex-intres.html RSSSF archives an results]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mexico Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:North American naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:Mexico naitional fitbaw team| ]]</text>
      <sha1>23ulncr89wvmbl7s9yl9q5ephek7wol</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ribeirão Preto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>76975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921630</id>
      <parentid>856673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2878" sha1="g75s8kdp162xk24mskavxsg97n90brp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Ribeirão Preto
|settlement_type        = Municipality
|official_name          = The Municipality o Ribeirão Preto
|nickname               = ''Capital Nacional do Agronegócio'' (''Agribusiness Naitional Caipital'')
|motto                  = Bandeirantum Ager
|image_skyline          =
|image_caption          = Top left:Ribeirão Preto Cathedral, Top richt:Panorama view o Centro an dountoun aurie frae Maurillo Biagi Ecological Park, 2nt left:Ribeirão Preto Cafe Museum, 2nt richt:Don Pedro Seicont Municipal Theater, 3rd left:Pinguim Draft Beer Haw, 3rd richt:Joao Flusa Avenue, Bottom:Panorama View o Centro-Sul aurie
|imagesize              = 250px
|image_flag             =BandeiraRibeiraoPreto.svg
|image_seal             = Brasão de Ribeirão Preto SP.png
|image_map              = SaoPaulo_Municip_RibeiraoPreto.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location of Ribeirão Preto
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = [[Brazil]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Sootheast]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[States o Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]
|leader_title           = Mayor
|leader_name            = Dárcy Vera ([[Social Democratic Pairty (Brazil)|PSD]])
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 19 Juin 1856
|area_magnitude         = 1 E9
|area_total_km2             = 651.37
|population_as_of       = 2012
|population       = 619,746 
|coordinates            = {{coord|21|10|42|S|47|48|24|W|region:BR|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 546
|area_code              = +55 16
|postal_code_type       = Postal Code
|postal_code            = 14000-000
|blank_name             = [[Demonym]]
|blank_info             = ''ribeirão-pretano''
|website                = [http://www.ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo]
}}

[[Image:Vista Aérea RP - 2010.JPG|thumb|right|Ribeirão Preto frae the tap]]
'''Ribeirão Preto''' ({{IPA-pt|ʁibejˈɾɐ̃w ˈpɾetu}}, ''Black Brook'' or ''Black Stream'') is a [[municipality]] an ceety in the Northeastren region o the state o [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] in [[Brazil]]. It is elk-namit ''Brazilian Californie'', acause o a combination o a economy based on [[agrobusiness]] plus [[heich technology]], [[walth]] an sunny [[weather]] aw year lang. Accordin tae 2010 Census Ribeirão Preto is the aicht lairgest municipality in the state, an in 2012 it’s estimatit tae be 619,746 indwallers.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{BrazilLairgestCeeties}}
{{Municipalities o São Paulo}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ribeirao Preto}}
[[Category:Municipalities in São Paulo (state)]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1856]]
[[Category:1856 establishments in Brazil]]</text>
      <sha1>g75s8kdp162xk24mskavxsg97n90brp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921757</id>
      <parentid>921630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:03:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921757</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2852" sha1="41thbxqasz88i2cfo1trlvhik3gdxn8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Ribeirão Preto
|settlement_type        = Municipality
|official_name          = The Municipality o Ribeirão Preto
|nickname               = ''Capital Nacional do Agronegócio'' (''Agribusiness Naitional Caipital'')
|motto                  = Bandeirantum Ager
|image_caption          = Top left:Ribeirão Preto Cathedral, Top richt:Panorama view o Centro an dountoun aurie frae Maurillo Biagi Ecological Park, 2nt left:Ribeirão Preto Cafe Museum, 2nt richt:Don Pedro Seicont Municipal Theater, 3rd left:Pinguim Draft Beer Haw, 3rd richt:Joao Flusa Avenue, Bottom:Panorama View o Centro-Sul aurie
|imagesize              = 250px
|image_flag             =BandeiraRibeiraoPreto.svg
|image_seal             = Brasão de Ribeirão Preto SP.png
|image_map              = SaoPaulo_Municip_RibeiraoPreto.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location of Ribeirão Preto
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = [[Brazil]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Sootheast]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[States o Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]
|leader_title           = Mayor
|leader_name            = Dárcy Vera ([[Social Democratic Pairty (Brazil)|PSD]])
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 19 Juin 1856
|area_magnitude         = 1 E9
|area_total_km2             = 651.37
|population_as_of       = 2012
|population       = 619,746 
|coordinates            = {{coord|21|10|42|S|47|48|24|W|region:BR|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 546
|area_code              = +55 16
|postal_code_type       = Postal Code
|postal_code            = 14000-000
|blank_name             = [[Demonym]]
|blank_info             = ''ribeirão-pretano''
|website                = [http://www.ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo]
}}

[[Image:Vista Aérea RP - 2010.JPG|thumb|right|Ribeirão Preto frae the tap]]
'''Ribeirão Preto''' ({{IPA-pt|ʁibejˈɾɐ̃w ˈpɾetu}}, ''Black Brook'' or ''Black Stream'') is a [[municipality]] an ceety in the Northeastren region o the state o [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] in [[Brazil]]. It is elk-namit ''Brazilian Californie'', acause o a combination o a economy based on [[agrobusiness]] plus [[heich technology]], [[walth]] an sunny [[weather]] aw year lang. Accordin tae 2010 Census Ribeirão Preto is the aicht lairgest municipality in the state, an in 2012 it’s estimatit tae be 619,746 indwallers.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{BrazilLairgestCeeties}}
{{Municipalities o São Paulo}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ribeirao Preto}}
[[Category:Municipalities in São Paulo (state)]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1856]]
[[Category:1856 establishments in Brazil]]</text>
      <sha1>41thbxqasz88i2cfo1trlvhik3gdxn8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Netherlands naitional fitbaw team</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77202</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921560</id>
      <parentid>829036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:42:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6164" sha1="f9g3cw2xrylj4ml7yi6v3qjy4ci75p3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox national football team
| Name               = Netherlands
| Nickname           = ''Oranje''&lt;br&gt;Holland&lt;br&gt;Clockwork Orange&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.holland.com/global/tourism/article/holland-football-facts.htm|title=Holland Football Facts|publisher=Holland.com|date=2013-07-25|accessdate=2013-07-25|archive-date=2014-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515204550/http://www.holland.com/global/tourism/article/holland-football-facts.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;The Flying Dutchmen&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/holland%E2%80%99s-media-friendly-football-pros|title=Holland’s media-friendly football pros|publisher=Radio Netherlands Worldwide|date=2011-12-17|accessdate=2013-07-25|archive-date=2013-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031717/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/holland%E2%80%99s-media-friendly-football-pros|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Badge              = 
| Badge_size         = 125px
| Association        = [[Royal Dutch Football Association|''Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond'']] (KNVB)
| Confederation      = [[UEFA]] (Europe)
| Coach                    = [[Ronald Koeman]]&lt;ref name=NewCoach&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/qualifiers/news/newsid=2091509.html|title=Van Nistelrooy delighted to help Dutch|date= 5 May 2014|website= UEFA.com|accessdate= 18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Captain                  = [[Virgil van Dijk|Virgil]]
| Most caps                = [[Wesley Sneijder]] (134)
| Top scorer               = [[Robin van Persie]] (50)
| Home Stadium       = [[Amsterdam Arena]] (52,500)&lt;br&gt;[[De Kuip]] (47,500)&lt;br&gt;[[Philips Stadion]] (35,000)
| FIFA Trigramme     = NED
| FIFA Rank                = {{FIFA World Rankings|NED}}
| FIFA max           = 1&lt;ref&gt;The Netherlands [http://www.football-rankings.info/2011/08/fifa-ranking-netherlands-dethrone-spain.html reached the top spot in the FIFA ranking] on August 10, 2011. FIFA will publish the ranking on August 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
| FIFA max date      = August 2011 – September 2011
| FIFA min           = 25
| FIFA min date      = May 1998
| Elo Rank                 = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Netherlands}}
| Elo max            = [[World Football Elo Ratings#List of number one teams|1]]
| Elo max date       = Mar 1911 – Mar 1912, Jun 1912, Aug 1920; Jun 1978, Jun 1988 – Jun 1990, Jun–Sep 1992, Jun 2002, Jun–Sep 2003, Oct 2005, Jun 2008, Jul 2010, Jun 2014
| Elo min            = 56
| Elo min date       = October 1954
| pattern_la1              = _ned18h
| pattern_b1               = _ned18h
| pattern_ra1              = _ned18h
| pattern_sh1              = _usa18h
| pattern_so1              = _ned18H
| leftarm1                 = FF6100
| body1                    = FF6100
| rightarm1                = FF6100
| shorts1                  = FFFFFF
| socks1                   = FF6100
| pattern_la2              = _ned19aw
| pattern_b2               = _ned19aw
| pattern_ra2              = _ned19aw
| pattern_sh2              = _ned19aw
| pattern_so2              = _ned19aw
| leftarm2                 = 00FFFF
| body2                    = 00FFFF
| rightarm2                = 00FFFF
| shorts2                  = 000066
| socks2                   = 00FFFF
| First game         = {{Fb|Belgium}} 1–4 [[Owertime (sports)#Association fitbaw|(a.e.t.)]] Netherlands {{Flagicon|Netherlands}}&lt;br&gt;([[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]]; 30 April 1905)
| Largest win        = {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands 11–0 {{Fb-rt|SMR}}&lt;br&gt;([[Eindhoven]], [[Netherlands]]; 2 September 2011)
| Largest loss       = {{Flagicon|England}} [[Ingland naitional amateur fitbaw team|England Am.]] 12–2 Netherlands {{Flagicon|Netherlands}}&lt;br&gt;([[Darlington]], [[Ingland]]; 21 Dizember 1907)&lt;ref&gt;Note that this match is no considered tae be a full internaitional bi the [[English Football Association]], an does no appear in the records o the [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland team]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| World cup apps     = 10
| World cup first    = 1934
| World cup best     = Runners-up, [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]], [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]] and [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]]
| Regional name      = [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championship]]
| Regional cup apps  = 9
| Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 1976|1976]]
| Regional cup best  = Champions, [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]]
| medaltemplates     = {{MedalTop}}
{{MedalSport | Men's [[Fitbaa at the Simmer Olympics|Football]]}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1908 Simmer Olympics|1908 London]] | Team}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1912 Simmer Olympics|1912 Stockholm]] | Team}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1920 Simmer Olympics|1920 Antwerp]] | Team}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Netherlands naitional fitbaw team''' ({{lang-nl|Nederlands nationaal voetbalelftal}}) represents the [[Netherlands]] in internaitional [[association fitbaw]]. It is controlled bi the [[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association]] (KNVB), the govrening bouk for [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] in the Netherlands.

The team is colloquially referred tae as ''Het Nederlands Elftal'' (The Dutch Eleiven) an ''Oranje'', efter the [[Hoose o Orange-Nassau]]. Like the kintra itsel, the team is sometimes [[Netherlands (toponymy)|referred tae as '''Holland''']].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.holland.com/us/tourism/article/netherlands-vs-holland-1.htm |title=Netherlands vs. Holland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
The Dutch hauld the record for playin the maist [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]] feenals athoot iver winnin the tournament. They finished seicont in the [[1974 FIFA Warld Cup|1974]], [[1978 FIFA Warld Cup|1978]], an [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]] Warld Cups, luisin tae [[Germany naitional fitbaw team|Wast Germany]], [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]], an [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] respectively. The team is vera famous for its mastery o [[Total Football]]. They wan the [[UEFA European Championship]] in [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]].

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Netherlands Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:Netherlands naitional fitbaw team| ]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin kintras]]</text>
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      <id>921724</id>
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      <text bytes="6139" sha1="7t7j2wlk0a5zd9u193i2mz7oeilmrxz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox naitional fitbaw team
| Name               = Netherlands
| Nickname           = ''Oranje''&lt;br&gt;Holland&lt;br&gt;Clockwork Orange&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.holland.com/global/tourism/article/holland-football-facts.htm|title=Holland Football Facts|publisher=Holland.com|date=2013-07-25|accessdate=2013-07-25|archive-date=2014-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515204550/http://www.holland.com/global/tourism/article/holland-football-facts.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;The Flying Dutchmen&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/holland%E2%80%99s-media-friendly-football-pros|title=Holland’s media-friendly football pros|publisher=Radio Netherlands Worldwide|date=2011-12-17|accessdate=2013-07-25|archive-date=2013-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031717/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/holland%E2%80%99s-media-friendly-football-pros|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Badge_size         = 125px
| Association        = [[Royal Dutch Football Association|''Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond'']] (KNVB)
| Confederation      = [[UEFA]] (Europe)
| Coach                    = [[Ronald Koeman]]&lt;ref name=NewCoach&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/qualifiers/news/newsid=2091509.html|title=Van Nistelrooy delighted to help Dutch|date= 5 May 2014|website= UEFA.com|accessdate= 18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Captain                  = [[Virgil van Dijk|Virgil]]
| Most caps                = [[Wesley Sneijder]] (134)
| Top scorer               = [[Robin van Persie]] (50)
| Home Stadium       = [[Amsterdam Arena]] (52,500)&lt;br&gt;[[De Kuip]] (47,500)&lt;br&gt;[[Philips Stadion]] (35,000)
| FIFA Trigramme     = NED
| FIFA Rank                = {{FIFA World Rankings|NED}}
| FIFA max           = 1&lt;ref&gt;The Netherlands [http://www.football-rankings.info/2011/08/fifa-ranking-netherlands-dethrone-spain.html reached the top spot in the FIFA ranking] on August 10, 2011. FIFA will publish the ranking on August 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
| FIFA max date      = August 2011 – September 2011
| FIFA min           = 25
| FIFA min date      = May 1998
| Elo Rank                 = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Netherlands}}
| Elo max            = [[World Football Elo Ratings#List of number one teams|1]]
| Elo max date       = Mar 1911 – Mar 1912, Jun 1912, Aug 1920; Jun 1978, Jun 1988 – Jun 1990, Jun–Sep 1992, Jun 2002, Jun–Sep 2003, Oct 2005, Jun 2008, Jul 2010, Jun 2014
| Elo min            = 56
| Elo min date       = October 1954
| pattern_la1              = _ned18h
| pattern_b1               = _ned18h
| pattern_ra1              = _ned18h
| pattern_sh1              = _usa18h
| pattern_so1              = _ned18H
| leftarm1                 = FF6100
| body1                    = FF6100
| rightarm1                = FF6100
| shorts1                  = FFFFFF
| socks1                   = FF6100
| pattern_la2              = _ned19aw
| pattern_b2               = _ned19aw
| pattern_ra2              = _ned19aw
| pattern_sh2              = _ned19aw
| pattern_so2              = _ned19aw
| leftarm2                 = 00FFFF
| body2                    = 00FFFF
| rightarm2                = 00FFFF
| shorts2                  = 000066
| socks2                   = 00FFFF
| First game         = {{Fb|Belgium}} 1–4 [[Owertime (sports)#Association fitbaw|(a.e.t.)]] Netherlands {{Flagicon|Netherlands}}&lt;br&gt;([[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]]; 30 April 1905)
| Largest win        = {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands 11–0 {{Fb-rt|SMR}}&lt;br&gt;([[Eindhoven]], [[Netherlands]]; 2 September 2011)
| Largest loss       = {{Flagicon|England}} [[Ingland naitional amateur fitbaw team|England Am.]] 12–2 Netherlands {{Flagicon|Netherlands}}&lt;br&gt;([[Darlington]], [[Ingland]]; 21 Dizember 1907)&lt;ref&gt;Note that this match is no considered tae be a full internaitional bi the [[English Football Association]], an does no appear in the records o the [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland team]]&lt;/ref&gt;
| World cup apps     = 10
| World cup first    = 1934
| World cup best     = Runners-up, [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]], [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]] and [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]]
| Regional name      = [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championship]]
| Regional cup apps  = 9
| Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 1976|1976]]
| Regional cup best  = Champions, [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]]
| medaltemplates     = {{MedalTop}}
{{MedalSport | Men's [[Fitbaa at the Simmer Olympics|Football]]}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1908 Simmer Olympics|1908 London]] | Team}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1912 Simmer Olympics|1912 Stockholm]] | Team}}
{{MedalBronze | [[1920 Simmer Olympics|1920 Antwerp]] | Team}}
{{MedalBottom}}
}}

The '''Netherlands naitional fitbaw team''' ({{lang-nl|Nederlands nationaal voetbalelftal}}) represents the [[Netherlands]] in internaitional [[association fitbaw]]. It is controlled bi the [[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association]] (KNVB), the govrening bouk for [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] in the Netherlands.

The team is colloquially referred tae as ''Het Nederlands Elftal'' (The Dutch Eleiven) an ''Oranje'', efter the [[Hoose o Orange-Nassau]]. Like the kintra itsel, the team is sometimes [[Netherlands (toponymy)|referred tae as '''Holland''']].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.holland.com/us/tourism/article/netherlands-vs-holland-1.htm |title=Netherlands vs. Holland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
The Dutch hauld the record for playin the maist [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]] feenals athoot iver winnin the tournament. They finished seicont in the [[1974 FIFA Warld Cup|1974]], [[1978 FIFA Warld Cup|1978]], an [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]] Warld Cups, luisin tae [[Germany naitional fitbaw team|Wast Germany]], [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]], an [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] respectively. The team is vera famous for its mastery o [[Total Football]]. They wan the [[UEFA European Championship]] in [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]].

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Netherlands Naitional Fitbaa Team}}
[[Category:Netherlands naitional fitbaw team| ]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams]]
[[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin kintras]]</text>
      <sha1>7t7j2wlk0a5zd9u193i2mz7oeilmrxz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Arjen Robben</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>921637</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:09:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="17349" sha1="r750plmjw2j1t97xon3ovnx9ap9xvty" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name           = Fark Arjen Robben
| image          = Arjen Robben Training 2017-03 FC Bayern Muenchen-3.jpg
| caption        = Robben trainin wi [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in 2017
| fullname       = Arjen Robben&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players&quot;&gt;{{Cite news
| title = FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players
| url = http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf
| publisher = FIFA
| format = PDF
| page = 5
| date = 7 December 2013
| accessdate = 7 December 2013
| archive-date = 2018-12-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224185413/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1984|1|23|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Bedum]], Netherlands
| height         = {{convert|1.80|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Player Profile|url=http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/|publisher=Bayern Munich|accessdate=24 April 2014|archive-date=2014-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623025655/http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| currentclub    = 
| clubnumber     = 
| position       = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|Winger]]
| youthyears1    = 1989–1996       | youthclubs1 = vv Bedum
| youthyears2    = 1996–2000       | youthclubs2 = [[FC Groningen|Groningen]]
| years1         = 2000–2002       | clubs1 = [[FC Groningen|Groningen]]        | caps1 = 50 | goals1 = 29
| years2         = 2002–2004       | clubs2 = [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]]             | caps2 = 56 | goals2 = 35
| years3         = 2004–2007       | clubs3 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]          | caps3 = 67 | goals3 = 22
| years4         = 2007–2009       | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]  | caps4 = 50 | goals4 = 13
| years5         = 2009–2019       | clubs5 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]| caps5 = 201 | goals5 = 99
| totalcaps = 420
| totalgoals = 151
| nationalyears1 = 1999            | nationalteam1 = Netherlands U15 
| nationalcaps1  = 1               | nationalgoals1 = 1 
| nationalyears2 = 1999–2000       | nationalteam2 = Netherlands U16 
| nationalcaps2  = 11              | nationalgoals2 = 6
| nationalyears3 = 2000            | nationalteam3 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Netherlands U17]]
| nationalcaps3  = 3               | nationalgoals3 = 2
| nationalyears4 = 2001–2002       | nationalteam4 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Netherlands U19]]
| nationalcaps4  = 8               | nationalgoals4 = 5
| nationalyears5 = 2001–2003       | nationalteam5 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Netherlands U21]]
| nationalcaps5  = 8               | nationalgoals5 = 0
| nationalyears6 = 2003–2017           | nationalteam6 = [[Netherlands naitional fitbaw team|Netherlands]]
| nationalcaps6  = 96              | nationalgoals6 = 40
| pcupdate       =
| ntupdate       = 
}}
'''Arjen Robben''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈɑrjən ˈrɔbə(n)|-|Nl-Arjen Robben.ogg}}; 23 Januar 1984) is a Dutch umwhile [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. Robben haes appeared at the [[UEFA Euro 2004|2004]], [[UEFA Euro 2008|2008]] an [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]] [[UEFA European Championship]]s, an the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|2006]], [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]] an [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|2014]] [[FIFA Warld Cup]]s. He is a [[forward (association fitbaw)|forward]] who uisually plays as a left or richt sidit [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]]. Robben is kent for his [[Dribblin#Association fitbaw|dribblin]] skills, speed, crossin ability an his accurate left fuit lang-range shots frae the richt wing.

Robben first came tae prominence wi [[FC Groningen|Groningen]], for whom he wis player o the year for the 2000–01 [[Eredivisie]] saison. Twa year later he signed for [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]], whaur he became the [[Johan Cruijff Award|Netherlands' Young Player o the Year]] an wan an [[Eredivisie]] title.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arjen Robben uefa&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = UEFA Champions League – Players – Robben
| url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/Players/Player=57134/index.html
| publisher = uefa.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080927205707/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/players/player=57134/index.html
| archivedate = 2008-09-27
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein saison Robben's signatur wis pursued bi leadin Inglis clubs, an efter protractit transfer negotiations he jyned [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in the 2004 close saison.

Robben's Chelsea debut wis delayed throu injury, but upon returnin tae fitness he helpit Chelsea bring hame twa consecutive [[Premier League]] titles, an wis the [[Premier League Player of the Month#2004–05|FA Premier League Player of the Month]] in November 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robben's page at Chelseafc&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = Arjen Robben
| url = http://www.chelseafc.com/page/ThePlayers/0,,10268~28226,00.html
| publisher = ChelseaFC.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080616033519/http://www.chelseafc.com/page/ThePlayers/0,,10268~28226,00.html
| archivedate = 2008-06-16
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premierleague awards&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = FA Premier League Seasonal awards 2004/05
| url = http://www.premierleague.com/fapl.rac?command=setSelectedId&amp;nextPage=enNewsLatest&amp;id=678429&amp;type=com.fapl.website.news.NewsItem&amp;categoryCode=NewsSpecialFeatures&amp;breadcrumb=sfsub_breadcrumb
| publisher = Premierleague.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070620104736/http://www.premierleague.com/fapl.rac?command=setSelectedId&amp;nextPage=enNewsLatest&amp;id=678429&amp;type=com.fapl.website.news.NewsItem&amp;categoryCode=NewsSpecialFeatures&amp;breadcrumb=sfsub_breadcrumb
| archivedate = 2007-06-20
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a third saison in Ingland which wis punctuatit bi injury, Robben muivit tae Spainyie club [[Real Madrid]] for [[Euro|€]]35 million.
In August 2009, Robben transferred tae Bayern Munich for a fee o aroond [[Euro|€]]25 million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11827_5520653,00.html|title=Real cash in on Dutch duo|publisher=sky sports|date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; scorin twa goals on his debut. In his first saison in Munich, Bayern wan the league title, Robben's fift league title in aicht years, an Robben scored the winnin goal, bein Man of the Match, in the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League feenal]] an aw. Efter his first saison wi the Bavarie club, the player wis namit [[Fitbawer o the Year in Germany]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Arjen Robben ist Fußballer des Jahres | trans_title = Arjen Robben is Footballer of the Year | publisher = kicker Online | accessdate = 8 August 2010 | date = 8 August 2010 | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/540823/artikel_Arjen-Robben-ist-Fussballer-des-Jahres.html | language = German | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100814195234/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/540823/artikel_Arjen-Robben-ist-Fussballer-des-Jahres.html | archivedate = 2010-08-14 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==

===Club statistics===
{{updated|17 May 2014.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2013-14/bayern-muenchen-14/28673/spieler_arjen-robben.html | title = Robben, Arjen | language = German | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate = 10 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- Update the date when updating the statistics. --&gt;

=== Internaitional ===

====Internaitional statistics====
[[File:Robben Kuyt.jpg|thumb|Robben wi Dutch teammate [[Dirk Kuyt]].]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|pid=4663}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Internaitional goals====
:Score an result leets Netherlands goals first
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
|-
! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 11 October 2003 || [[Philips Stadion]], [[Eindhoven]], Netherlands || {{fb|MDA}} || '''5'''–0 || 5–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]
|-
| 2. || 18 Februar 2004 || [[Amsterdam ArenA]], [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|USA}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|-
| 3. || 17 November 2004 || [[Mini Estadi]], [[Barcelona]], Spain || {{fb|AND}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 4. || 4 Juin 2005 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|ROM}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 5. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17 August 2005 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|GER}} || '''1'''–0 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2–2 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 6. || '''2'''–0
|-
| 7. || 11 Juin 2006 || [[Zentralstadion]], [[Leipzig]], Germany || {{fb|SCG}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 8. || 16 August 2006 || [[Lansdowne Road]], [[Dublin]], Republic o Ireland || {{fb|IRL}} || '''2'''–0 || 4–0 || Friendly
|-
| 9. || 1 Juin 2008 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|WAL}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly
|-
| 10. || 13 Juin 2008 || [[Stade de Suisse]], [[Bern]], Swisserland || {{fb|FRA}} || '''3'''–1 || 4–1 || [[UEFA Euro 2008]]
|-
| 11. || 10 Juin 2009 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|NOR}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 9|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 12. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5 Juin 2010 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|HUN}} || '''3'''–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 13. || '''6'''–1
|-
| 14. || 28 Juin 2010 || [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Durban]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|SVK}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 15. || 6 Julie 2010 || [[Cape Town Stadium]], [[Cape Toun]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|URU}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–2 || 2010 FIFA World Cup
|-
| 16. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 29 Februar 2012 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Wembley Stadium]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|ENG}} || '''1'''–0 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3–2 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 17. || '''3'''–2
|-
| 18. || 7 Juin 2013 || [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]], [[Jakarta]], Indonesie || {{fb|IDN}} || '''3'''–0 || 3–0 || Friendly
|-
| 19. || 6 September 2013 || [[A. Le Coq Arena]], [[Tallinn]], Estonie || {{fb|EST}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–2 || [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group D|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 20. || 11 October 2013 || Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || {{fb|HUN}} || '''8'''–1 || 8–1 || 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 21. || 15 October 2013 || [[Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium]], [[Istanbul]], Turkey || {{fb|TUR}} || 0–'''1''' || 0–2 || 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 22. || 16 November 2013 || [[Cristal Arena]], [[Genk]], Belgium || {{fb|JPN}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–2 || Friendly
|-
| 23. || 4 Juin 2014 || Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || {{fb|WAL}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly
|-
| 24. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |13 Juin 2014 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova|Arena Fonte Nova]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{fb|ESP}} || '''2'''–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 5–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[2014 FIFA World Cup Group B#Spain vs Netherlands|2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 25. || '''5'''–1
|-
| 26 || 18 Juin 2014 || [[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil || {{fb|AUS}} || '''1'''–0 || 3–2 || 2014 FIFA World Cup
|}

{{clear}}

==Honours==

===Club===
;PSV
*[[Eredivisie]]: [[2002–03 Eredivisie|2002–03]]
*[[Johan Cruijff Shield]]: 2003

;Chelsea
*[[Premier League]]: [[2004–05 FA Premier League|2004–05]], [[2005–06 Premier League|2005–06]]
*[[FA Cup]]: [[2007 FA Cup Final|2006–07]]
*[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]: [[2005 Football League Cup Final|2004–05]], [[2007 League Cup Final|2006–07]]
*[[FA Community Shield]]: [[2005 FA Community Shield|2005]]

;Real Madrid
*[[La Liga]]: [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]]
*[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]]

;Bayern Munich
*[[Bundesliga]]: [[2009–10 Bundesliga|2009–10]], [[2012–13 Bundesliga|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Bundesliga|2013–14]]
*[[DFB-Pokal]]: [[2009–10 DFB-Pokal|2009–10]], [[2012–13 DFB-Pokal|2012–13]], [[2013–14 DFB-Pokal|2013–14]]
*[[DFB-Supercup]]: [[2010 DFL-Supercup|2010]], [[2012 DFL-Supercup|2012]]
*[[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2012–13]]
*[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2013 UEFA Super Cup|2013]]

===Netherlands===
[[File:Robben Kuyt 2.jpg|thumb|Robben wi [[Dirk Kuyt]] on a boat in [[Amsterdam]] follaein the 2010 Warld Cup.]]
*[[FIFA Warld Cup]] Runner-up: [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]]

===Individual===
*Netherlands' Young Player of the Year: 2003
*[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: November 2004
*[[PFA Team of the Year]]: 2005
*Premier League Goal of the Month: December 2005
*[[Bravo Award]]: 2005
*[[FIFA World Cup 2006|FIFA World Cup 2006 Man of the Match]]: [[2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Serbia and Montenegro|Netherlands vs Serbia and Montenegro]]
*[[FIFA World Cup 2006|FIFA World Cup 2006 Man of the Match]]: [[2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Ivory Coast M|Netherlands vs Ivory Coast]]
*Goal of the Month in Germany: Januar 2010, Mairch 2010, Apryle 2010
*The [[Kicker (sports magazine)|kicker]] Player Of The Year: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/525055/artikel_Robben_Er-kam-sah-und-traf-und-traf.html|title=Robben: Er kam, sah und traf und traf|language=German|publisher=kicker|date=15 May 2010|accessdate=16 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518070558/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/525055/artikel_Robben_Er-kam-sah-und-traf-und-traf.html|archivedate=2010-05-18|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Footballer of the Year in Germany|Footballer of the Year (Germany)]]: 2010
*[[FIFA World Cup 2010|FIFA World Cup 2010 Man of the Match]]: [[2010 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Slovakia|Netherlands vs Slovakia]]
*[[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2011|2011]]
*[[European Sports Media#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: 2004–05, 2009–10
*[[2014 DFB-Pokal Final]]: Man of the Match.
*Man of the Match: [[2013 UEFA Champions League Final]]
*[[FIFA Warld Cup 2014|FIFA Warld Cup 2014 Man of the Match]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup group stage#Australia vs Netherlands|Australia vs Netherlands]] an [[2014 FIFA World Cup group stage#Netherlands vs Chile|Netherlands vs Chile]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*{{FIFA player|184616}}
* [http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/ FC Bayern Munich profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623025655/http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/ |date=2014-06-23 }}
* {{soccerbase|id=32476|name=Arjen Robben}}
* [http://soccersurfer.com/profile.php?id=335 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407193431/http://soccersurfer.com/profile.php?id=335 |date=2011-04-07 }} at SoccerSurfer.com
* [http://www.wereldvanoranje.nl/profielen/profiel.php?id=460 Wereld van oranje.nl Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024936/http://www.wereldvanoranje.nl/profielen/profiel.php?id=460 |date=2012-02-06 }} {{nl icon}}
*[http://www.onsoranje.nl/team-statistieken/teams/speler/11/50a3c223-e442a028-570904 Arjen Robben] at OnsOranje {{Nl icon}}

{{Navboxes colour
|title=Awards
|bg=gold
|fg=navy
|list1=
{{Dutch Football Talent of the Year}}
{{Bravo award winners}}
{{2004–05 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
{{German Footballer of the Year}}
}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title=Netherlands squads
|bg=#FF711D
|fg=white
|bordercolor=#21468B
|list1=
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2004}}
{{Netherlands squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2008}}
{{Netherlands squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2012}}
{{Netherlands squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robben, Arjen}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Dutch fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw weengers]]
[[Category:Netherlands youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Netherlands internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:PSV Eindhoven players]]
[[Category:FC Groningen players]]
[[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:FC Bayern Munich fitbawers]]
[[Category:Eredivisie players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Bundesliga players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]]
[[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]]
[[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Germany]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bedum]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Germany]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Spain]]</text>
      <sha1>r750plmjw2j1t97xon3ovnx9ap9xvty</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921762</id>
      <parentid>921637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:17:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921762</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17347" sha1="75qbizhu2gywv8fpvc68t3gjxynseg5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name           = Fark Arjen Robben
| image          = Arjen Robben Training 2017-03 FC Bayern Muenchen-3.jpg
| caption        = Robben trainin wi [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in 2017
| fullname       = Arjen Robben&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players&quot;&gt;{{Cite news
| title = FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players
| url = http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf
| publisher = FIFA
| format = PDF
| page = 5
| date = 7 December 2013
| accessdate = 7 December 2013
| archive-date = 2018-12-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224185413/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1984|1|23|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Bedum]], Netherlands
| height         = {{convert|1.80|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Player Profile|url=http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/|publisher=Bayern Munich|accessdate=24 April 2014|archive-date=2014-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623025655/http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| currentclub    = 
| clubnumber     = 
| position       = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|Winger]]
| youthyears1    = 1989–1996       | youthclubs1 = vv Bedum
| youthyears2    = 1996–2000       | youthclubs2 = [[FC Groningen|Groningen]]
| years1         = 2000–2002       | clubs1 = [[FC Groningen|Groningen]]        | caps1 = 50 | goals1 = 29
| years2         = 2002–2004       | clubs2 = [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]]             | caps2 = 56 | goals2 = 35
| years3         = 2004–2007       | clubs3 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]          | caps3 = 67 | goals3 = 22
| years4         = 2007–2009       | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]  | caps4 = 50 | goals4 = 13
| years5         = 2009–2019       | clubs5 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]| caps5 = 201 | goals5 = 99
| totalcaps = 420
| totalgoals = 151
| nationalyears1 = 1999            | nationalteam1 = Netherlands U15 
| nationalcaps1  = 1               | nationalgoals1 = 1 
| nationalyears2 = 1999–2000       | nationalteam2 = Netherlands U16 
| nationalcaps2  = 11              | nationalgoals2 = 6
| nationalyears3 = 2000            | nationalteam3 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Netherlands U17]]
| nationalcaps3  = 3               | nationalgoals3 = 2
| nationalyears4 = 2001–2002       | nationalteam4 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Netherlands U19]]
| nationalcaps4  = 8               | nationalgoals4 = 5
| nationalyears5 = 2001–2003       | nationalteam5 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Netherlands U21]]
| nationalcaps5  = 8               | nationalgoals5 = 0
| nationalyears6 = 2003–2017           | nationalteam6 = [[Netherlands naitional fitbaw team|Netherlands]]
| nationalcaps6  = 96              | nationalgoals6 = 40
| pcupdate       =
| ntupdate       = 
}}
'''Arjen Robben''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈɑrjən ˈrɔbə(n)|-|Nl-Arjen Robben.ogg}}; 23 Januar 1984) is a Dutch umwhile [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. Robben haes appeared at the [[UEFA Euro 2004|2004]], [[UEFA Euro 2008|2008]] an [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]] [[UEFA European Championship]]s, an the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|2006]], [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]] an [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|2014]] [[FIFA Warld Cup]]s. He is a [[forward (association fitbaw)|forward]] who uisually plays as a left or richt sidit [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]]. Robben is kent for his [[Dribblin#Association fitbaw|dribblin]] skills, speed, crossin ability an his accurate left fuit lang-range shots frae the richt wing.

Robben first came tae prominence wi [[FC Groningen|Groningen]], for whom he wis player o the year for the 2000–01 [[Eredivisie]] saison. Twa year later he signed for [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]], whaur he became the [[Johan Cruijff Award|Netherlands' Young Player o the Year]] an wan an [[Eredivisie]] title.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arjen Robben uefa&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = UEFA Champions League – Players – Robben
| url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/Players/Player=57134/index.html
| publisher = uefa.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080927205707/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/players/player=57134/index.html
| archivedate = 2008-09-27
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein saison Robben's signatur wis pursued bi leadin Inglis clubs, an efter protractit transfer negotiations he jyned [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in the 2004 close saison.

Robben's Chelsea debut wis delayed throu injury, but upon returnin tae fitness he helpit Chelsea bring hame twa consecutive [[Premier League]] titles, an wis the [[Premier League Player of the Month#2004–05|FA Premier League Player of the Month]] in November 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robben's page at Chelseafc&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = Arjen Robben
| url = http://www.chelseafc.com/page/ThePlayers/0,,10268~28226,00.html
| publisher = ChelseaFC.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080616033519/http://www.chelseafc.com/page/ThePlayers/0,,10268~28226,00.html
| archivedate = 2008-06-16
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premierleague awards&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = FA Premier League Seasonal awards 2004/05
| url = http://www.premierleague.com/fapl.rac?command=setSelectedId&amp;nextPage=enNewsLatest&amp;id=678429&amp;type=com.fapl.website.news.NewsItem&amp;categoryCode=NewsSpecialFeatures&amp;breadcrumb=sfsub_breadcrumb
| publisher = Premierleague.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070620104736/http://www.premierleague.com/fapl.rac?command=setSelectedId&amp;nextPage=enNewsLatest&amp;id=678429&amp;type=com.fapl.website.news.NewsItem&amp;categoryCode=NewsSpecialFeatures&amp;breadcrumb=sfsub_breadcrumb
| archivedate = 2007-06-20
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a third saison in Ingland which wis punctuatit bi injury, Robben muivit tae Spainyie club [[Real Madrid]] for [[Euro|€]]35 million.
In August 2009, Robben transferred tae Bayern Munich for a fee o aroond [[Euro|€]]25 million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11827_5520653,00.html|title=Real cash in on Dutch duo|publisher=sky sports|date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; scorin twa goals on his debut. In his first saison in Munich, Bayern wan the league title, Robben's fift league title in aicht years, an Robben scored the winnin goal, bein Man of the Match, in the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League feenal]] an aw. Efter his first saison wi the Bavarie club, the player wis namit [[Fitbawer o the Year in Germany]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Arjen Robben ist Fußballer des Jahres | trans_title = Arjen Robben is Footballer of the Year | publisher = kicker Online | accessdate = 8 August 2010 | date = 8 August 2010 | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/540823/artikel_Arjen-Robben-ist-Fussballer-des-Jahres.html | language = German | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100814195234/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/540823/artikel_Arjen-Robben-ist-Fussballer-des-Jahres.html | archivedate = 2010-08-14 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==

===Club statistics===
{{updated|17 May 2014.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2013-14/bayern-muenchen-14/28673/spieler_arjen-robben.html | title = Robben, Arjen | language = German | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate = 10 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- Update the date when updating the statistics. --&gt;

=== Internaitional ===

====Internaitional statistics====
[[File:Robben Kuyt.jpg|thumb|Robben wi Dutch teammate [[Dirk Kuyt]].]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|pid=4663}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Internaitional goals====
:Score an result leets Netherlands goals first
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
|-
! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 11 October 2003 || [[Philips Stadion]], [[Eindhoven]], Netherlands || {{fb|MDA}} || '''5'''–0 || 5–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]
|-
| 2. || 18 Februar 2004 || [[Amsterdam ArenA]], [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|USA}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|-
| 3. || 17 November 2004 || [[Mini Estadi]], [[Barcelona]], Spain || {{fb|AND}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 4. || 4 Juin 2005 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|ROM}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 5. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17 August 2005 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|GER}} || '''1'''–0 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2–2 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 6. || '''2'''–0
|-
| 7. || 11 Juin 2006 || [[Zentralstadion]], [[Leipzig]], Germany || {{fb|SCG}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 8. || 16 August 2006 || [[Lansdowne Road]], [[Dublin]], Republic o Ireland || {{fb|IRL}} || '''2'''–0 || 4–0 || Friendly
|-
| 9. || 1 Juin 2008 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|WAL}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly
|-
| 10. || 13 Juin 2008 || [[Stade de Suisse]], [[Bern]], Swisserland || {{fb|FRA}} || '''3'''–1 || 4–1 || [[UEFA Euro 2008]]
|-
| 11. || 10 Juin 2009 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|NOR}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 9|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 12. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5 Juin 2010 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|HUN}} || '''3'''–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 13. || '''6'''–1
|-
| 14. || 28 Juin 2010 || [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Durban]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|SVK}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 15. || 6 Julie 2010 || [[Cape Town Stadium]], [[Cape Toun]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|URU}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–2 || 2010 FIFA World Cup
|-
| 16. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 29 Februar 2012 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Wembley Stadium]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|ENG}} || '''1'''–0 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3–2 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 17. || '''3'''–2
|-
| 18. || 7 Juin 2013 || [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]], [[Jakarta]], Indonesie || {{fb|IDN}} || '''3'''–0 || 3–0 || Friendly
|-
| 19. || 6 September 2013 || [[A. Le Coq Arena]], [[Tallinn]], Estonie || {{fb|EST}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–2 || [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group D|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 20. || 11 October 2013 || Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || {{fb|HUN}} || '''8'''–1 || 8–1 || 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 21. || 15 October 2013 || [[Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium]], [[Istanbul]], Turkey || {{fb|TUR}} || 0–'''1''' || 0–2 || 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 22. || 16 November 2013 || [[Cristal Arena]], [[Genk]], Belgium || {{fb|JPN}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–2 || Friendly
|-
| 23. || 4 Juin 2014 || Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || {{fb|WAL}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly
|-
| 24. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |13 Juin 2014 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova|Arena Fonte Nova]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{fb|ESP}} || '''2'''–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 5–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[2014 FIFA World Cup Group B#Spain vs Netherlands|2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 25. || '''5'''–1
|-
| 26 || 18 Juin 2014 || [[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil || {{fb|AUS}} || '''1'''–0 || 3–2 || 2014 FIFA World Cup
|}

{{clear}}

==Honours==

===Club===
;PSV
*[[Eredivisie]]: [[2002–03 Eredivisie|2002–03]]
*[[Johan Cruijff Shield]]: 2003

;Chelsea
*[[Premier League]]: [[2004–05 FA Premier League|2004–05]], [[2005–06 Premier League|2005–06]]
*[[FA Cup]]: [[2007 FA Cup Final|2006–07]]
*[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]: [[2005 Football League Cup Final|2004–05]], [[2007 League Cup Final|2006–07]]
*[[FA Community Shield]]: [[2005 FA Community Shield|2005]]

;Real Madrid
*[[La Liga]]: [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]]
*[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]]

;Bayern Munich
*[[Bundesliga]]: [[2009–10 Bundesliga|2009–10]], [[2012–13 Bundesliga|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Bundesliga|2013–14]]
*[[DFB-Pokal]]: [[2009–10 DFB-Pokal|2009–10]], [[2012–13 DFB-Pokal|2012–13]], [[2013–14 DFB-Pokal|2013–14]]
*[[DFB-Supercup]]: [[2010 DFL-Supercup|2010]], [[2012 DFL-Supercup|2012]]
*[[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2012–13]]
*[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2013 UEFA Super Cup|2013]]

===Netherlands===
[[File:Robben Kuyt 2.jpg|thumb|Robben wi [[Dirk Kuyt]] on a boat in [[Amsterdam]] follaein the 2010 Warld Cup.]]
*[[FIFA Warld Cup]] Runner-up: [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]]

===Individual===
*Netherlands' Young Player of the Year: 2003
*[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: November 2004
*[[PFA Team of the Year]]: 2005
*Premier League Goal of the Month: December 2005
*[[Bravo Award]]: 2005
*[[FIFA World Cup 2006|FIFA World Cup 2006 Man of the Match]]: [[2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Serbia and Montenegro|Netherlands vs Serbia and Montenegro]]
*[[FIFA World Cup 2006|FIFA World Cup 2006 Man of the Match]]: [[2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Ivory Coast M|Netherlands vs Ivory Coast]]
*Goal of the Month in Germany: Januar 2010, Mairch 2010, Apryle 2010
*The [[Kicker (sports magazine)|kicker]] Player Of The Year: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/525055/artikel_Robben_Er-kam-sah-und-traf-und-traf.html|title=Robben: Er kam, sah und traf und traf|language=German|publisher=kicker|date=15 May 2010|accessdate=16 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518070558/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/525055/artikel_Robben_Er-kam-sah-und-traf-und-traf.html|archivedate=2010-05-18|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Footballer of the Year in Germany|Footballer of the Year (Germany)]]: 2010
*[[FIFA World Cup 2010|FIFA World Cup 2010 Man of the Match]]: [[2010 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Slovakia|Netherlands vs Slovakia]]
*[[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2011|2011]]
*[[European Sports Media#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: 2004–05, 2009–10
*[[2014 DFB-Pokal Final]]: Man of the Match.
*Man of the Match: [[2013 UEFA Champions League Final]]
*[[FIFA Warld Cup 2014|FIFA Warld Cup 2014 Man of the Match]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup group stage#Australia vs Netherlands|Australia vs Netherlands]] an [[2014 FIFA World Cup group stage#Netherlands vs Chile|Netherlands vs Chile]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*{{FIFA player|184616}}
* [http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/ FC Bayern Munich profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623025655/http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/ |date=2014-06-23 }}
* {{soccerbase|id=32476|name=Arjen Robben}}
* [http://soccersurfer.com/profile.php?id=335 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407193431/http://soccersurfer.com/profile.php?id=335 |date=2011-04-07 }} at SoccerSurfer.com
* [http://www.wereldvanoranje.nl/profielen/profiel.php?id=460 Wereld van oranje.nl Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024936/http://www.wereldvanoranje.nl/profielen/profiel.php?id=460 |date=2012-02-06 }} {{nl icon}}
*[http://www.onsoranje.nl/team-statistieken/teams/speler/11/50a3c223-e442a028-570904 Arjen Robben] at OnsOranje {{Nl icon}}

{{Navboxes colour
|title=Awards
|bg=gold
|fg=navy
|list1=
{{Dutch Football Talent of the Year}}
{{Bravo award winners}}
{{2004–05 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
{{German Footballer of the Year}}
}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title=Netherlands squads
|bg=#FF711D
|fg=white
|bordercolor=#21468B
|list1=
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2004}}
{{Netherlands squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2008}}
{{Netherlands squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2012}}
{{Netherlands squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robben, Arjen}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Dutch fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw weengers]]
[[Category:Netherlands youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Netherlands internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:PSV Eindhoven players]]
[[Category:FC Groningen players]]
[[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:FC Bayern Munich fitbawers]]
[[Category:Eredivisie players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Bundesliga players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]]
[[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]]
[[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Germany]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bedum]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Germany]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Spain]]</text>
      <sha1>75qbizhu2gywv8fpvc68t3gjxynseg5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921763</id>
      <parentid>921762</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:18:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921763</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17269" sha1="ezjz0u0mkbk6fct9bt20c4795s5yvcr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name           = Fark Arjen Robben
| image          = Arjen Robben Training 2017-03 FC Bayern Muenchen-3.jpg
| caption        = Robben trainin wi [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in 2017
| fullname       = Arjen Robben&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players&quot;&gt;{{Cite news
| title = FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players
| url = http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf
| publisher = FIFA
| format = PDF
| page = 5
| date = 7 December 2013
| accessdate = 7 December 2013
| archive-date = 2018-12-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224185413/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1984|1|23|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Bedum]], Netherlands
| height         = {{convert|1.80|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Player Profile|url=http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/|publisher=Bayern Munich|accessdate=24 April 2014|archive-date=2014-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623025655/http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
| position       = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|Winger]]
| youthyears1    = 1989–1996       | youthclubs1 = vv Bedum
| youthyears2    = 1996–2000       | youthclubs2 = [[FC Groningen|Groningen]]
| years1         = 2000–2002       | clubs1 = [[FC Groningen|Groningen]]        | caps1 = 50 | goals1 = 29
| years2         = 2002–2004       | clubs2 = [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]]             | caps2 = 56 | goals2 = 35
| years3         = 2004–2007       | clubs3 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]          | caps3 = 67 | goals3 = 22
| years4         = 2007–2009       | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]  | caps4 = 50 | goals4 = 13
| years5         = 2009–2019       | clubs5 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]| caps5 = 201 | goals5 = 99
| totalcaps = 420
| totalgoals = 151
| nationalyears1 = 1999            | nationalteam1 = Netherlands U15 
| nationalcaps1  = 1               | nationalgoals1 = 1 
| nationalyears2 = 1999–2000       | nationalteam2 = Netherlands U16 
| nationalcaps2  = 11              | nationalgoals2 = 6
| nationalyears3 = 2000            | nationalteam3 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Netherlands U17]]
| nationalcaps3  = 3               | nationalgoals3 = 2
| nationalyears4 = 2001–2002       | nationalteam4 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Netherlands U19]]
| nationalcaps4  = 8               | nationalgoals4 = 5
| nationalyears5 = 2001–2003       | nationalteam5 = [[Netherlands naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Netherlands U21]]
| nationalcaps5  = 8               | nationalgoals5 = 0
| nationalyears6 = 2003–2017           | nationalteam6 = [[Netherlands naitional fitbaw team|Netherlands]]
| nationalcaps6  = 96              | nationalgoals6 = 40
}}
'''Arjen Robben''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈɑrjən ˈrɔbə(n)|-|Nl-Arjen Robben.ogg}}; 23 Januar 1984) is a Dutch umwhile [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. Robben haes appeared at the [[UEFA Euro 2004|2004]], [[UEFA Euro 2008|2008]] an [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]] [[UEFA European Championship]]s, an the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup|2006]], [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]] an [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|2014]] [[FIFA Warld Cup]]s. He is a [[forward (association fitbaw)|forward]] who uisually plays as a left or richt sidit [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]]. Robben is kent for his [[Dribblin#Association fitbaw|dribblin]] skills, speed, crossin ability an his accurate left fuit lang-range shots frae the richt wing.

Robben first came tae prominence wi [[FC Groningen|Groningen]], for whom he wis player o the year for the 2000–01 [[Eredivisie]] saison. Twa year later he signed for [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]], whaur he became the [[Johan Cruijff Award|Netherlands' Young Player o the Year]] an wan an [[Eredivisie]] title.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arjen Robben uefa&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = UEFA Champions League – Players – Robben
| url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/Players/Player=57134/index.html
| publisher = uefa.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080927205707/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/players/player=57134/index.html
| archivedate = 2008-09-27
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein saison Robben's signatur wis pursued bi leadin Inglis clubs, an efter protractit transfer negotiations he jyned [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in the 2004 close saison.

Robben's Chelsea debut wis delayed throu injury, but upon returnin tae fitness he helpit Chelsea bring hame twa consecutive [[Premier League]] titles, an wis the [[Premier League Player of the Month#2004–05|FA Premier League Player of the Month]] in November 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;Robben's page at Chelseafc&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = Arjen Robben
| url = http://www.chelseafc.com/page/ThePlayers/0,,10268~28226,00.html
| publisher = ChelseaFC.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080616033519/http://www.chelseafc.com/page/ThePlayers/0,,10268~28226,00.html
| archivedate = 2008-06-16
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premierleague awards&quot;&gt;{{cite news
| title = FA Premier League Seasonal awards 2004/05
| url = http://www.premierleague.com/fapl.rac?command=setSelectedId&amp;nextPage=enNewsLatest&amp;id=678429&amp;type=com.fapl.website.news.NewsItem&amp;categoryCode=NewsSpecialFeatures&amp;breadcrumb=sfsub_breadcrumb
| publisher = Premierleague.com
| accessdate = 3 August 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070620104736/http://www.premierleague.com/fapl.rac?command=setSelectedId&amp;nextPage=enNewsLatest&amp;id=678429&amp;type=com.fapl.website.news.NewsItem&amp;categoryCode=NewsSpecialFeatures&amp;breadcrumb=sfsub_breadcrumb
| archivedate = 2007-06-20
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a third saison in Ingland which wis punctuatit bi injury, Robben muivit tae Spainyie club [[Real Madrid]] for [[Euro|€]]35 million.
In August 2009, Robben transferred tae Bayern Munich for a fee o aroond [[Euro|€]]25 million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11827_5520653,00.html|title=Real cash in on Dutch duo|publisher=sky sports|date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; scorin twa goals on his debut. In his first saison in Munich, Bayern wan the league title, Robben's fift league title in aicht years, an Robben scored the winnin goal, bein Man of the Match, in the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League feenal]] an aw. Efter his first saison wi the Bavarie club, the player wis namit [[Fitbawer o the Year in Germany]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Arjen Robben ist Fußballer des Jahres | trans_title = Arjen Robben is Footballer of the Year | publisher = kicker Online | accessdate = 8 August 2010 | date = 8 August 2010 | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/540823/artikel_Arjen-Robben-ist-Fussballer-des-Jahres.html | language = German | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100814195234/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/540823/artikel_Arjen-Robben-ist-Fussballer-des-Jahres.html | archivedate = 2010-08-14 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==

===Club statistics===
{{updated|17 May 2014.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2013-14/bayern-muenchen-14/28673/spieler_arjen-robben.html | title = Robben, Arjen | language = German | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate = 10 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- Update the date when updating the statistics. --&gt;

=== Internaitional ===

====Internaitional statistics====
[[File:Robben Kuyt.jpg|thumb|Robben wi Dutch teammate [[Dirk Kuyt]].]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|pid=4663}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Internaitional goals====
:Score an result leets Netherlands goals first
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
|-
! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 11 October 2003 || [[Philips Stadion]], [[Eindhoven]], Netherlands || {{fb|MDA}} || '''5'''–0 || 5–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]
|-
| 2. || 18 Februar 2004 || [[Amsterdam ArenA]], [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|USA}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|-
| 3. || 17 November 2004 || [[Mini Estadi]], [[Barcelona]], Spain || {{fb|AND}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 4. || 4 Juin 2005 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|ROM}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 5. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17 August 2005 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|GER}} || '''1'''–0 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2–2 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 6. || '''2'''–0
|-
| 7. || 11 Juin 2006 || [[Zentralstadion]], [[Leipzig]], Germany || {{fb|SCG}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 8. || 16 August 2006 || [[Lansdowne Road]], [[Dublin]], Republic o Ireland || {{fb|IRL}} || '''2'''–0 || 4–0 || Friendly
|-
| 9. || 1 Juin 2008 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|WAL}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly
|-
| 10. || 13 Juin 2008 || [[Stade de Suisse]], [[Bern]], Swisserland || {{fb|FRA}} || '''3'''–1 || 4–1 || [[UEFA Euro 2008]]
|-
| 11. || 10 Juin 2009 || [[De Kuip]], [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands || {{fb|NOR}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 9|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 12. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5 Juin 2010 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|HUN}} || '''3'''–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 13. || '''6'''–1
|-
| 14. || 28 Juin 2010 || [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Durban]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|SVK}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 15. || 6 Julie 2010 || [[Cape Town Stadium]], [[Cape Toun]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|URU}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–2 || 2010 FIFA World Cup
|-
| 16. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 29 Februar 2012 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Wembley Stadium]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{fb|ENG}} || '''1'''–0 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3–2 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Friendly
|-
| 17. || '''3'''–2
|-
| 18. || 7 Juin 2013 || [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]], [[Jakarta]], Indonesie || {{fb|IDN}} || '''3'''–0 || 3–0 || Friendly
|-
| 19. || 6 September 2013 || [[A. Le Coq Arena]], [[Tallinn]], Estonie || {{fb|EST}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–2 || [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group D|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]]
|-
| 20. || 11 October 2013 || Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || {{fb|HUN}} || '''8'''–1 || 8–1 || 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 21. || 15 October 2013 || [[Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium]], [[Istanbul]], Turkey || {{fb|TUR}} || 0–'''1''' || 0–2 || 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| 22. || 16 November 2013 || [[Cristal Arena]], [[Genk]], Belgium || {{fb|JPN}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–2 || Friendly
|-
| 23. || 4 Juin 2014 || Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands || {{fb|WAL}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–0 || Friendly
|-
| 24. || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |13 Juin 2014 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova|Arena Fonte Nova]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{fb|ESP}} || '''2'''–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 5–1 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[2014 FIFA World Cup Group B#Spain vs Netherlands|2014 FIFA World Cup]]
|-
| 25. || '''5'''–1
|-
| 26 || 18 Juin 2014 || [[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil || {{fb|AUS}} || '''1'''–0 || 3–2 || 2014 FIFA World Cup
|}

{{clear}}

==Honours==

===Club===
;PSV
*[[Eredivisie]]: [[2002–03 Eredivisie|2002–03]]
*[[Johan Cruijff Shield]]: 2003

;Chelsea
*[[Premier League]]: [[2004–05 FA Premier League|2004–05]], [[2005–06 Premier League|2005–06]]
*[[FA Cup]]: [[2007 FA Cup Final|2006–07]]
*[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]: [[2005 Football League Cup Final|2004–05]], [[2007 League Cup Final|2006–07]]
*[[FA Community Shield]]: [[2005 FA Community Shield|2005]]

;Real Madrid
*[[La Liga]]: [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]]
*[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]]

;Bayern Munich
*[[Bundesliga]]: [[2009–10 Bundesliga|2009–10]], [[2012–13 Bundesliga|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Bundesliga|2013–14]]
*[[DFB-Pokal]]: [[2009–10 DFB-Pokal|2009–10]], [[2012–13 DFB-Pokal|2012–13]], [[2013–14 DFB-Pokal|2013–14]]
*[[DFB-Supercup]]: [[2010 DFL-Supercup|2010]], [[2012 DFL-Supercup|2012]]
*[[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2012–13]]
*[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2013 UEFA Super Cup|2013]]

===Netherlands===
[[File:Robben Kuyt 2.jpg|thumb|Robben wi [[Dirk Kuyt]] on a boat in [[Amsterdam]] follaein the 2010 Warld Cup.]]
*[[FIFA Warld Cup]] Runner-up: [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]]

===Individual===
*Netherlands' Young Player of the Year: 2003
*[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: November 2004
*[[PFA Team of the Year]]: 2005
*Premier League Goal of the Month: December 2005
*[[Bravo Award]]: 2005
*[[FIFA World Cup 2006|FIFA World Cup 2006 Man of the Match]]: [[2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Serbia and Montenegro|Netherlands vs Serbia and Montenegro]]
*[[FIFA World Cup 2006|FIFA World Cup 2006 Man of the Match]]: [[2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Ivory Coast M|Netherlands vs Ivory Coast]]
*Goal of the Month in Germany: Januar 2010, Mairch 2010, Apryle 2010
*The [[Kicker (sports magazine)|kicker]] Player Of The Year: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/525055/artikel_Robben_Er-kam-sah-und-traf-und-traf.html|title=Robben: Er kam, sah und traf und traf|language=German|publisher=kicker|date=15 May 2010|accessdate=16 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518070558/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/525055/artikel_Robben_Er-kam-sah-und-traf-und-traf.html|archivedate=2010-05-18|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Footballer of the Year in Germany|Footballer of the Year (Germany)]]: 2010
*[[FIFA World Cup 2010|FIFA World Cup 2010 Man of the Match]]: [[2010 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Netherlands vs Slovakia|Netherlands vs Slovakia]]
*[[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2011|2011]]
*[[European Sports Media#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: 2004–05, 2009–10
*[[2014 DFB-Pokal Final]]: Man of the Match.
*Man of the Match: [[2013 UEFA Champions League Final]]
*[[FIFA Warld Cup 2014|FIFA Warld Cup 2014 Man of the Match]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup group stage#Australia vs Netherlands|Australia vs Netherlands]] an [[2014 FIFA World Cup group stage#Netherlands vs Chile|Netherlands vs Chile]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
*{{FIFA player|184616}}
* [http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/ FC Bayern Munich profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623025655/http://www.fcbayern.de/en/teams/first-team/arjen-robben/ |date=2014-06-23 }}
* {{soccerbase|id=32476|name=Arjen Robben}}
* [http://soccersurfer.com/profile.php?id=335 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407193431/http://soccersurfer.com/profile.php?id=335 |date=2011-04-07 }} at SoccerSurfer.com
* [http://www.wereldvanoranje.nl/profielen/profiel.php?id=460 Wereld van oranje.nl Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024936/http://www.wereldvanoranje.nl/profielen/profiel.php?id=460 |date=2012-02-06 }} {{nl icon}}
*[http://www.onsoranje.nl/team-statistieken/teams/speler/11/50a3c223-e442a028-570904 Arjen Robben] at OnsOranje {{Nl icon}}

{{Navboxes colour
|title=Awards
|bg=gold
|fg=navy
|list1=
{{Dutch Football Talent of the Year}}
{{Bravo award winners}}
{{2004–05 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
{{German Footballer of the Year}}
}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title=Netherlands squads
|bg=#FF711D
|fg=white
|bordercolor=#21468B
|list1=
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2004}}
{{Netherlands squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2008}}
{{Netherlands squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Netherlands squad UEFA Euro 2012}}
{{Netherlands squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robben, Arjen}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Dutch fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw weengers]]
[[Category:Netherlands youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Netherlands internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:PSV Eindhoven players]]
[[Category:FC Groningen players]]
[[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:FC Bayern Munich fitbawers]]
[[Category:Eredivisie players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Bundesliga players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]]
[[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]]
[[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Germany]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bedum]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Germany]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Spain]]</text>
      <sha1>ezjz0u0mkbk6fct9bt20c4795s5yvcr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Augsburg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78063</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921550</id>
      <parentid>915211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:36:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="25533" sha1="qb28bzo03fm1h951lfrbf9danv1c1qw" xml:space="preserve">{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox German location
|image_photo = Augsburg Perlach Rathaus Moritzkirche.jpg
|image_caption = View o Augsburg Ceity Haw an ither historical biggins in Augsburg
|type = Stadt
|Wappen = DEU Augsburg COA 1811.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|48|22|N|10|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|Lageplan =
|Bundesland = Bayern
|Regierungsbezirk = Schwaben
|Landkreis = Kreisfreie Stadt
|Höhe = 495
|Fläche = 146.93
|Einwohner = 278437
|Stand = 2013-12-31
|PLZ = 86150–86199
|Vorwahl = 0821
|Kfz = A
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 61 000
|Bürgermeister = [[Kurt Gribl]]
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei = CSU
}}
{{Infobox former country
|native_name = ''[[:de:Paritätische Reichsstadt|Paritätische Reichsstadt]] Augsburg
|conventional_long_name = Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg
|common_name = Augsburg
|
|image_coat      =
|symbol_type     = Coat of arms of Augsburg
|capital         = &lt;nowiki&gt;Augsburg&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|
|continent       = Europe
|region          = Alps
|country         = Germany
|era             = Middle Ages
|status          = Ceity
|empire          = Holy Roman Empire
|government_type = Republic
|
|year_start      = 1276
|year_end        = 1803
|
|event_pre       = Bishopric established
|date_pre        = 4th century
|event_start     = [[Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg|Bishopric]] gained &lt;br/&gt;[[prince-bishop|Imperial immediacy]]
|date_start      = {{circa}} 888&lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
|event1          = Ceity gained [[Free imperial ceity|immediacy]]
|date_event1     = 1276
|event2          = [[Diet o Augsburg]]:&lt;br/&gt;''{{lang|la|[[Confessio Augustana]]}}''
|date_event2     = 1530
|event3          = Jyned [[Schmalkaldic League|Schmalkadic League]]
|date_event3     = 1537
|event4          = Peace o Augsburg
|date_event4     = 1555
|event_end       = [[Thirty Years' War|Occupee'd]] bi [[Swadish Empire|Swaden]]
|date_end        = 1632–35&lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
|event_post      = [[German mediatization|Mediatisit]] tae [[Kinrick o Bavarie|Bavarie]]
|date_post       = 1803
|
|p1              = Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg
|image_p1        = [[File:Coat of Arms of the Bishopric of Augsburg.svg|20px|alt=|link=Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg]]
|s1              = Kinrick o Bavarie
|flag_s1         = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg
|
|footnotes       =
}}
'''Augsburg''' ({{IPA-de|ˈʔaʊ̯ksbʊʁk|-|Augsburg.ogg}}) is a ceity in the sooth-wast o [[Bavarie]], Germany. It wis a [[Free Imperial Ceity]] for ower 500 years.

It is a [[College toun|varsity toun]] an hame o the [[Regierungsbezirk]] [[Swabie (admeenistrative region)|Schwaben]] an the [[Swabie (admeenistrative region)|Bezirk Schwaben]]. Augsburg is a [[Urban destricts o Germany|urban destrict]] an hame tae the institutions o the [[Augsburg (destrict)|Landkreis Augsburg]]. It is the third-lairgest ceity in Bavarie (efter Munich an Nuremberg) wi a population exceedin 280,000 ceitizens. Efter [[Neuss]] an [[Trier]], Augsburg is Germany's third auldest ceity, bein foondit bi the Romans as [[Augusta Vindelicorum]].

Augsburg is the anerly German ceity wi its awn legal holiday, the ''[[:de:Augsburger Hohes Friedensfest|Augsburger Hohes Friedensfest]]'', celebratit on August 8 o ivery year. This gies Augsburg mair legal holidays than ony ither region or ceity in Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www2.augsburg.de/ |title=Stadt Augsburg - Home - Stadt Augsburg |publisher=.augsburg.de |date=2014-05-01 |accessdate=2014-05-05 |archive-date=2014-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504072231/http://www.augsburg.de/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Augsburg wis the hame o twa [[patrician (post-Roman Europe)|patrician]] faimilies that rose tae great prominence internaitionally an aw, replacin the [[Medici]]s as Europe's leadin bankers, the [[Fugger]] an the [[Welser]] faimilies.

===Municipality===
{{main|Leet o mayors o Augsburg}}
Frae 1266 till 1548, the terms ''Stadtpfleger'' (heid o toun cooncil) an ''[[Mayor]]'' wur uised interchyngeably, or occasionally, simultaneously.
In 1548 the title wis feenally fixed tae ''Stadtpfleger'', who officiatit for several years an wis then awairdit the title for life (tho nae langer govrenin), sicweys resultin ramfeesely, in records o twa or mair simultaneous ''Stadtpfleger''.

Efter the transfer tae [[Bavarie]] in 1806, Augsburg wis ruled bi a [[Magistrate]] wi twa mayors, supportit bi a addeetional cooncil o &quot;Commonty Commissioners&quot;: the ''Gemeindebevollmächtige''.

As o 1907, the Mayor wis entitled [[Laird Mayor|Oberbürgermeister]], as Augsburg haed reached a population of 100,000, as per the Bavarie [[Gemeindeordnung]].

===Toun Cooncil===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot; colspan=&quot;10&quot; | Election results of the Town Council syne 1972 in percent
|-
! Year
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Christian Social Union o Bavarie|CSU]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Social Democratic Pairty o Germany|SPD]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Free Democratic Pairty (Germany)|FDP]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|Grüne]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei|ödp]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Deutsche Kommunistische Partei|DKP]]/[[Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus|PDS]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Die Republikaner|REP]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| [[Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands|NPD]]
! ! style=&quot;width:60px;&quot;| ither
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 1972
| 44.9 || 46.5 || 2.3 || – || – || 0.7 || – || 0.9 || 4.7
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 1978
| 46.8 || 44.5 || 2.7 || – || – || 0.4 || – || 0.6 || 4.9
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 1984
| 32.9 || 44.9 || 1.3 || 4.2 || – || 0.2 || – || 0.7 || 15.8
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 1990
| 43.1 || 28.4 || 2.5 || 10.8 || – || – || 10.0 || – || 5.2
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 1996
| 44.1 || 29.4 || 1.7 || 10.5 || – || – || 2.8 || – || 11.5
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 2002
| 43.5 || 36.4 || 3.5 || 8.7 || 1.8 || 1.2 || – || – || 4.9
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|
! 2008
| 40.1 || 30.1 || 2.7 || 10.3 || 1.5 || 3.5 || – || – || 11.8
|-  style=&quot;background:#ffddad; text-align:center;&quot;
!Seats 2008&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
| |25 || 19 || 1 || 6 || – || 2&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; || – || – ||7&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|}
&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Local elections on 2 Mairch 2008 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;2008: [[Die Linke]] &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Pro Augsburg: 6, [[Freie Wähler]]: 1

===Members o the Bundestag===
Augsburg is locatit in the ''Wahlkreis 253 Augsburg-Stadt'' constituency, which includes [[Königsbrunn]] an the Destrict o Augsburg ([[Augsburg (destrict)|Landkreis Augsburg]]).

[[Christian Ruck]] o the [[Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern|CSU]] wis directly electit tae the [[Bundestag]] wi 49.2% o the vote in the [[Bundestagswahl 2005|16t German Bundestag]].

Indirectly electit tae the Bundestag tae adhere tae the [[Pairty-leet proportional representation|Landesliste]] wur [[Miriam Gruß]] for the [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]], [[Heinz Paula]] for the [[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] an [[Claudia Roth]] for [[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen]].

==Main sichts==
[[File:Plaza del Ayuntamiento, Augsburgo, Alemania, 2021-06-04, DD 32-34 HDR.jpg|thumb|Perlachturm and Toun Haw]]
[[File:Fuenfgratturm1.JPG|right|thumb|200px|''Fünfgratturm'' tower]]
[[File:Germany Augsburg Dom-St-Maria Door Handle.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ring of Mercy on the Dom (Cathedral) St. Maria]]
[[File:Augsburg Synagoge.jpg|thumb|right|Augsburg Synagogue]]
[[File:Augsburg - st ulrich u afra.jpg|thumb|right|St. Ulrich and St. Afra Cathedral]]

* Toun Haw, biggit in 1620 in [[Renaissance]] style wi the [[Goldener Saal]]
* [[Perlachturm]], a bell touer biggit in 989
* ''[[Fuggerei]]'' (see abuin)
* Fugger Palaces, restored renaissance palatial hames o the Fugger bankin faimily
* Bishop's Residence, biggit aboot 1750 in order tae replace the aulder bishop's palace; the day the administrative seat of [[Swabia]]
* [[Cathedral of Augsburg|Cathedral]], foondit in the 9t century
* [[St. Anne's Church, Augsburg|St. Anne's Church]]
* [[Augsburg Synagogue]], ane of the few German synagogues tae survive the war, nou beautifully restored and open wi a Jewish museum inside
* [[Schaezlerpalais]], a Rococo mansion (1765) nou housing a major art museum
* [[St. Ulrich's and St. Afra's Abbey, Augsburg|St. Ulrich and St. Afra]]—ane kirk is Roman Catholic, the ither [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Lutheran]], the duality bein a result of the [[Peace of Augsburg]] concluded in 1555 atween Catholics and Protestants
* Mozart Haus Augsburg (whaur composer's faither [[Leopold Mozart]] wis born and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] visited it several times)
* [[Augsburger Puppenkiste]], a puppet theatre
* [[Luther Stiege]], museum locatit in a kirk, that shows Martin Luthers life and different rooms. (free admission)
* [[Eiskanal]], the world's first artificial [[whitewater]] course (venue for the whitewater events of the 1972 Munich Olympics)
* [[Dorint Hotel Tower]]
* Childhood home of [[Bertolt Brecht]]
* The Augsburg [[Botanical Garden]]s ([[Botanischer Garten Augsburg]])
* [[Maximillian Museum]]
* 3 magnificent baroque fountains, the Agustus Fountain, Mercury Fountain and Hercules Fountain
* Walter Art Museum at the &quot;Glas-Palace&quot;
* Roman Museum locatit in the umwhile Monastery of St. Margaret (closed at the moment due tae risk of collapsing)
* Medieval canals, nou uised for white-watter kayak racing

==Incorporations==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;
! Year!! Municipality !! Area
|-
| Julie 1, 1910 || [[Meringerau]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 9.5&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| Januar 1, 1911 || [[Pfersee]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 3.5&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| Januar 1, 1911 || [[Augsburg-Oberhausen|Oberhausen]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 8.6&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| Januar 1, 1913 || [[Lechhausen]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 27.9&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| Januar 1, 1913 || [[Hochzoll]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 4.4&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| Aprile 1, 1916 || [[Kriegshaber]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 59&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| Julie 1, 1972 || [[Augsburg-Göggingen|Göggingen]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|
|-
| Julie 1, 1972 || [[Haunstetten]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|
|-
| Julie 1, 1972 || [[Inningen]] || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|
|}

==Historical population development==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;
! Year
! Population
|-
| 1635 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 16,432
|-
| 1645 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 19,960
|-
| 1806 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 26,200
|-
| 1830 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 29,019
|-
| December 1, 1871 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 51,220
|-
| December 1, 1890 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 75,629
|-
| December 1, 1900 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 89,109
|-
| December 1, 1910 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 102,487
|-
| Juin 16, 1925 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 165,522
|-
| Juin 16, 1933 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 176,575
|-
| Mey 17, 1939 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 185,369
|-
| September 13, 1950 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 185,183
|-
| Juin 6, 1961 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 208,659
|-
| Mey 27, 1970 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 211,566
|-
| Juin 30, 1975 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 252,000
|-
| Juin 30, 1980 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 246,600
|-
| Juin 30, 1985 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 244,200
|-
| Mey 27, 1987 ¹ || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 242,819
|-
| December 31, 1990 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 256.877
|-
| December 31, 1991 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 259.884
|-
| December 31, 1992 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 264.852
|-
| December 31, 1993 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 264.764
|-
| December 31, 1994 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 262.110
|-
| December 31, 1995 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 259.699
|-
| December 31, 1996 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 258.457
|-
| December 31, 1997 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 256.625
|-
| December 31, 1998 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 254.610
|-
| December 31, 1999 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 254.867
|-
| December 31, 2000 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 254.982
|-
| December 31, 2001 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 257.836
|-
| December 31, 2002 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 259.231
|-
| December 31, 2003 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 259.217
|-
| December 31, 2004 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 260.407
|-
| December 31, 2005 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 262.676
|-
| December 31, 2006 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 262.512
|-
| December 31, 2007 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 262.992
|-
| December 31, 2008 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 263.313
|-
| December 31, 2009 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 263.646
|-
| December 31, 2010 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 264.708
|-
| December 31, 2011 || style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 266.647
|}

¹ Census result

==Pairtner ceities==
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Innerness]], [[Unitit Kinrick]], syne 1956
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Amagasaki]], [[Japan]], syne 1959
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Nagahama, Shiga|Nagahama]], [[Japan]], syne 1959
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Bourges]], Fraunce, syne 1963
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], [[Ohio]], Unitit States, syne 1964
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Liberec]], [[Czech Republic]], syne 2001
* {{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} [[Jinan]], [[Cheenae]], syne 2004

Information on the pairtner ceities can foond at [http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=21 www.augsburg.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214122541/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=21 |date=2005-12-14 }} an aw

==Transport==

===Roads===
The main road link is [[autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 8|A 8]] atween [[Munich]] an [[Stuttgart]].

====Public transport====
Public transport is vera well catered for. It is controlled bi the [[Augsburger Verkehrsverbund]] (Augsburg transport union, AVV) extendit ower central Swabie. Thare are seiven rail [[Regionalbahn]] lines, five [[tram]] lines, 27 ceity bus lines an sax nicht bus lines, as well as, several taxi companies.

The [[Trams in Augsburg|Augsburg tramwey netwirk]] is nou 35.5&amp;nbsp;km-lang efter the openin o new lines tae the [[Varsity o Augsburg|varsity]] in 1996, the northren ceity boondar in 2001 an tae the Klinikum Augsburg (Augsburg hospital) in 2002. Tram line 6, which runs 5.2&amp;nbsp;km frae Friedberg West tae Rotes Tor, opened in Dizember 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/urban-rail-news-in-brief-10.html|accessdate=2011-01-02|title=Railway Gazette: Urban rail news in brief}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Rail services====
[[File:Bahnhofsgebäude Augsburg.JPG|thumb|The front of the station]]
Augsburg haes sax stations, the [[Augsburg Central Station|Central Station]] (''Hauptbahnhof''), [[Augsburg-Hochzoll station|Hochzoll]], [[Augsburg-Oberhausen station|Oberhausen]], [[Augsburg Morellstraße station|Morellstraße]] and ''Messe''. The Central Station, biggit frae 1843 tae 1846, is Germany’s auldest main station in a lairge ceity still providin services in the oreeginal building. It is currently bein modernized and an underground tram station is biggit underneath it. [[Augsburg Hauptbahnhof|Hauptbahnhof]] is on the [[Munich–Augsburg railway|Munich–Augsburg]] and [[Ulm–Augsburg railway|Ulm–Augsburg lines]] and is connected bi [[InterCityExpress|ICE]] and [[InterCity|IC]] services tae [[Munich]], [[Berlin]], [[Dortmund]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Hamburg]] and [[Stuttgart]]. As of December 2007, the French [[TGV]] connected Augsburg wi a direct High Speed Connection tae [[Paris]]. In addition [[EuroCity|EC]] and nicht train services connect tae [[Amsterdam]], [[Paris]] and [[Vienna]] and connections will be substantially improved bi the creation of the planned [[Magistrale for Europe]].

The AVV operates seiven [[Regionalbahn]] lines frae the main station tae:
* [[Mammendorf]]
* [[Schmiechen]] (direction tae [[Ammersee]]
* [[Aichach]]/[[Kühbach|Radersdorf]]
* [[Meitingen]]/[[Donauwörth]]
* [[Dinkelscherben]]
* [[Schwabmünchen]]
* [[Klosterlechfeld]]
Stairtin in 2008, the regional services are planned tae be altered tae [[S-Bahn]] frequencies an developit lang term as integratit intae the [[Augsburg S-Bahn]].

===Air transport===
Till 2005 Augsburg wis servit bi nearbi [[Augsburg Airport]] (AGB). In that year aw air passenger transport haes been relocatit tae [[Munich Airport]]. Syne then the Airport anerly serves for [[General aviation]] an [[Commercial aviation|business aviation]].

==Economy==
[[File:Industrial robots-transparent.gif|thumb|[[KUKA]]'s industrial robots]]

Augsburg is a vibrant industrial ceity. Mony global mercat leaders namely [[MAN SE|MAN]], [[EADS]] or [[KUKA]] produce heich technology products lik printin seestems, lairge diesel ingines, [[industrial robots]] or components for the [[Airbus A380]] an the [[Ariane (rocket faimily)|Ariane]] carrier rocket. Efter Munich, Augsburg is considered the heich-tech centre for Information an Communication in Bavarie an taks advantage o its lawer operatin costs, yet close proximity tae [[Munich]] an potential customers.

===Major companies===
* [[Boewe Systec]]
* [[EADS]]
* [[Faurecia]]
* [[Fujitsu Technology Solutions]]
* [[KUKA]] Robotics / seestems
* [[MAN SE|MAN]] (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg)
* [[MAN Roland|manroland]]
* [[MT-Aerospace]] (umwhile ''MAN Technologie'')
* [[NCR Corporation|NCR]]
* [[Osram]]
* [[Premium AEROTEC]]
* [[Siemens]]
* [[UPM-Kymmene]] (umwhile Haindl)
* Verlagsgruppe [[Weltbild]]
* [[WashTec]] (umwhile Kleindienst)
* [[synlab Group]]
* [[Amazon.com|Amazon]]
* [[Cancom]]

==Eddication==
Augsburg is hame tae the follaein varsities an colleges:

* [[Varsity o Augsburg]], foondit in 1970&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-augsburg.de www.uni-augsburg.de]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Augsburg Varsity o Applee'd Sciences|Hochschule Augsburg]] (Varsity o Applee'd Sciences, umwhile Fachhochschule Augsburg)

==Media==
The local newspaper is the ''[[Augsburger Allgemeine]]'' first published in 1807. Thare are aseveral local radio stations an a local TV station (a.tv) an aw.

==Notable fowk==
[[File:Holbeinhaus Augsburg.jpg|thumb|Holbein's hoose]]
*died 304 [[Saint Afra]]
*c.890–973 [[Ulrich of Augsburg|Saint Ulrich]]
*1070–1127 [[Gualfardo of Verona|Saint Wolfhard]]
*1442–1528 [[Erhard Ratdolt]] Printer, famous for haein produced the first kent printers teep specimen beuk.
*1459–1525 [[Jakob Fugger]] Noted banker and financial broker. An area within the ceity, cried the [[Fuggerei]] wis set aside for the poor and needy. Foondit in 1519.
*1460–1524 [[Hans Holbein the Elder]], a pioneer in the transformation of German art frae the [[gothic art|Gothic]] tae the [[Renaissance]] style.
*1497–1543 [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], portrait an releegious penter.
*1497-c.1574  [[Matthäus Schwarz]], accoontant an author
*1517–1579 [[Paulus Hector Mair]], mairtial airtist.
*1573–1646 [[Elias Holl]], airchitect
*1580–1627 [[Julius Schiller]], lawyer an astronomer.
*1704–1767 [[Johann Jakob Haid]], engraver
*1719–1787 [[Leopold Mozart]], violinist-componer an faither o [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]].
*1740–1786 [[Christoph Christian Sturm]], German preacher an author.
*1873-1964 [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]], co-recipient o 1929 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]].
*1887–1943 [[Julius Schaxel]], biologist.
*1858–1913 [[Rudolf Diesel]], inventor o the diesel ingine.
*1898–1956 [[Bertolt Brecht]], famous German writer.
*1920–2011 [[Mietek Pemper]], compiled an teepit [[Oskar Schindler]]'s leet, which savit 1,200 Jewish preesoners frae the Holocaust.&lt;ref name=nytimes&gt;{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Martin |title=Mietek Pemper, 91, Camp Inmate Who Compiled Schindler’s List |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/19/world/europe/19pemper.html |work=[[New York Times]] |publisher= |date=2011-06-18 |accessdate=2011-06-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624044138/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/19/world/europe/19pemper.html |archivedate=2011-06-24 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1933–2011 [[Ulrich Biesinger]], a umwhile German fitbawer, pairt o the team that wan the [[1954 FIFA Warld Cup]].
*1939–2012 [[Helmut Haller]], a [[association fitbaa|fitbawer]] who representit [[Germany naitional fitbaa team|Wast Germany]] at three [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cups]].
*1948 [[Wolf Blitzer]], jurnalist an CNN reporter
*1957 [[Bernhard Langer]], famous profeesional gowfer.
*1959 [[Bernd Schuster]], a [[Germany|German]] fitbaa coach an umwhile player.
*1961 [[Armin Veh]], a [[Germany|German]] fitbaa coach.
*1962 [[Josef Priller]], [[Luftwaffe]] Ace
*1980 [[Benny Greb]], a [[Germany|German]] solo drum airtist.
*1983 [[Philipp Kohlschreiber]], a [[Germany|German]] tennis player.
*1985 [[Bianca Voitek]], a [[Germany|German]] female bodybuilder.
*1985 [[Annina Braunmiller]], a [[Germany|German]] vyce actress.
*1989 [[Johnny Cecotto, Jr.]], a [[Germany|German]] racin career.

==Sports==
[[File:Borussia dortmund augsburg.jpg|right|thumb|[[FC Augsburg]] against [[Borussia Dortmund]] in the [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] at the [[SGL arena]]]]
[[FC Augsburg]] is a fitbaa team based in Augsburg an plays in the [[SGL arena]]. FC Augsburg wis promotit tae [[Bundesliga]] in 2011. The new stadium (opened in Julie 2009) hostit gemmes o the [[2011 FIFA Weemen's Warld Cup]].

The ceity is hame tae a [[Deutsche Eishockey Liga|DEL]] (first-diveesion) ice hockey team, the [[Augsburger Panther]]. The oreeginal club, AEV, wis formit in 1878, the auldest German ice sport club an regularly draws aroond 4000 spectators, quite raisonable for German ice hockey. Hame gemmes are played at the [[Curt Frenzel Stadion]]: a recently rebuilt (2012-2013) indoor rink an modren stadium. An aw Augsburg is hame tae ane o the maist tradeetional German basebaw clubs, the Augsburg Gators.

For the [[1972 Simmer Olympics|1972 Olympic Gemmes]] in [[Munich]], a [[Lech River]] dam protective diversionary canal for river ice wis convertit intae the warld's first [[airtificial whitewatter]] slalom course: the [[Eiskanal]] an remains a warld-cless venue for whitewatter competeetion an servit as prototeep for twa dozen seemilar foreign courses.

==Local ceity elk-names==
While commonly cried ''Fuggerstadt'' (Fuggers' ceity) due tae the [[Fuggers]] residin thare, athin Swabie it is aften referred tae as ''Datschiburg'' an aw: which oreeginatit sometime in the 19t century refers tae Augsburg's favorite sweet: the ''Datschi'' made frae fruit, preferably prunes, an thin cake daich.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de/index.php?id=114&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3518&amp;tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=123&amp;cHash=8ef071d563 Augsburger Stadtlexikon – ''Datschiburg''] {{de icon}} accessed: 18 November 2008&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Datschiburger Kickers'' charity fitbaa team (foondit in 1965) reflects this in its choice o team name.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.datschiburger-kickers.de/aktuelles/aktuelles_index.html ''Datschiburger Kickers'' website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006025126/http://www.datschiburger-kickers.de/aktuelles/aktuelles_index.html |date=2009-10-06 }} accessed: 18 November 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de/index.php?id=115&amp;no_cache=1 Augsburger Stadtlexikon – ''Datschiburger Kickers''] {{de icon}} accessed: 18 November 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==See an aw==
* [[Leet o ceevic diveesions o Augsburg]]
* [[League of Augsburg]]
* [[Augsburg College]], a private [[Lutheran]] College in the Unitit States that taks its name frae the [[Augsburg Confession]]
* [[Leet o mayors o Augsburg]]
* [[Rudolf Diesel]], inventor o the Diesel ingine, who uised [[biodiesel]] an aw

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* ''Die Chroniken der schwäbischen Städte, Augsburg'', (Leipzig, 1865–1896).
* Werner, ''Geschichte der Stadt Augsburg'', (Augsburg, 1900).
* Lewis, &quot;The Roman Antiquities of Augsburg and Ratisbon&quot;, in volume xlviii, ''Archæological Journal'', (Lunnon, 1891).

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Augsburg}}
* [http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=12307 Stadt Augsburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910233439/http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=12307 |date=2008-09-10 }} Offeecial steid (Inglis version)
* [http://www.regio-augsburg.de/ Augsburg Region Tourism]
* [http://wohnungenaugsburg.net/ Wohnungen Augsburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126094004/http://wohnungenaugsburg.net/ |date=2012-11-26 }}
* [http://kiza.kcore.de/media/photosafari_augsburg/ Fotosafari Augsburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823045621/http://kiza.kcore.de/media/photosafari_augsburg/ |date=2009-08-23 }} A interactive set o picturs which allous ye tae splore Augsburg
* {{de icon}} [http://www.stadtplan.net/brd/bayern/augsburg/home.html Augsburg Ceity Plan]
* {{de icon}} [http://www.landkreis-augsburg.de/ Destrict o Augsburg]
* {{de icon}} [http://www.augsburg.de/index.php?id=12352] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926094704/http://www.augsburg.de/index.php?id=12352 |date=2013-09-26 }}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Augsburg
|North     = [[Nuremberg]]
|Northeast = [[Ingolstadt]]
|East      = [[Landshut]]
|Southeast = [[Munich]]
|South     =
|Southwest = [[Konstanz]]
|West      = [[Ulm]]
|Northwest = [[Aalen]]
}}

[[Category:Augsburg| ]]
[[Category:Roman legions' camps in Germany]]
[[Category:Roman touns an ceities in Germany]]
[[Category:History o the Electorate o the Palatinate]]
[[Category:15 BC establishments]]
[[Category:1972 Simmer Olympic venues]]
[[Category:Displacit bodies camps in the eftermath o Warld War II]]
[[Category:Imperial free ceities]]</text>
      <sha1>qb28bzo03fm1h951lfrbf9danv1c1qw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hugo Campagnaro</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78247</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921650</id>
      <parentid>872279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:47:08Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="6767" sha1="mf2qcxo1b5chnropcels0zm0v0lpscw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name                = Hugo Campagnaro
| image               = Hugo Campagnaro - SSC Neapel (4).jpg
| image_size          = 250px
| caption             = Campganaro in action wi [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] in 2009
| fullname            = Hugo Armando Campagnaro
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1980|6|27|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], Argentinae
| height              = {{height|m=1.81}}
| currentclub         = [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]]
| clubnumber          = 21
| position            = [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Centre back|Centre back]]
| years1              = 1998–2002 
| clubs1              = [[Deportivo Morón]]
| caps1               = 103  
| goals1              = 6   
| years2              = 2002–2007 
| clubs2              = [[Piacenza Calcio 1919|Piacenza]]
| caps2               = 127  
| goals2              = 10  
| years3              = 2007–2009 
| clubs3              = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]
| caps3               = 38   
| goals3              = 1   
| years4              = 2009–2013 
| clubs4              = [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]]
| caps4               = 118  
| goals4              = 4   
| years5              = 2013–2015
| clubs5              = [[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Internazionale]]
| caps5               = 31
| goals5              = 0
| years6              = 2015–
| clubs6              = [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]]
| caps6               = 24
| goals6              = 2  
| nationalyears1      = 2012– 
| nationalteam1       = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] 
| nationalcaps1       = 17
| nationalgoals1      = 0
| club-update         = 16 November 2015
| nationalteam-update = 11 Juin 2014
}}
'''Hugo Armando Campagnaro''' ({{IPA-es|ˈuɣo}}; born 27 Juin 1980) is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Centre back|centre back]] for Italian club [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]] in [[Serie B]].

==Career==
[[File:Hugo Campagnaro (L), Granit Xhaka (R) - Switzerland vs. Argentina, 29th February 2012.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Hugo Campagnaro on his debut for [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]].]]
He stairtit his career at [[Club Deportivo Morón]], played in Argentine seicont an third diveesion. In 2002, haein no played top level fitbaw, he wis signed bi [[Piacenza Calcio|Piacenza]], at that time in Serie A.

In simmer 2007, he wis signed bi [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] for their preparation for [[2007 UEFA Intertoto Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/intertotocup/news/kind=1/newsid=558125.html |title=Campagnaro joins Sampdoria influx |access-date=2014-07-12 |archive-date=2007-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708060833/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/intertotocup/news/kind=1/newsid=558125.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Campagnaro at that time worth €1.55 million cash.&lt;ref&gt;UC Sampdoria Report and Accounts on 31 December 2007 {{it icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 9 Julie 2009 he wis contractit bi [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] for €7 million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.direttanapoli.it/public/documenti/documenti_262.pdf|title=SSC Napoli 2009–10 Annual Report (page 21 to 40)|date=ca. January 2011|accessdate=17 June 2011|work=SSC Napoli (C.C.I.A.A. Archive)|publisher=Re-Published by direttanapoli.it|language=Italian|archive-date=2012-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325180716/http://www.direttanapoli.it/public/documenti/documenti_262.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; as pairt o the deal [[Daniele Mannini]] muivit tae Sampdoria in jynt-awnership bid for €3.5 million;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sampdoria.it/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=4864&amp;Itemid=73 Comunicato stampa: acquistato Daniele Mannini]&lt;/ref&gt; he signed a 4-year contract.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sscnapoli.it/client/render.aspx?root=707&amp;fwd=2566&amp;content=0 |title=Napoli, ufficializzati Campagnaro e Zuniga |access-date=2014-07-12 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201255/http://www.sscnapoli.it/client/render.aspx?root=707&amp;fwd=2566&amp;content=0 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 6 Julie 2013, Campagnaro transferred tae [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] on a twa-year deal.

== Internaitional career ==
He made his debut for [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team]] on 29 Februar 2012 in a friendly match against [[Swisserland naitional fitbaw team|Switzerland]], whaur [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] wan 3–1.

In Juin 2014, Campagnaro wis namit in Argentinae's squad for the [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=demichelis-in-argentina-squad-as-trio-miss-out-2353431.html|title=Demichelis in Argentina squad as trio miss out|date=2 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=FIFA|archive-date=2014-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604175628/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=demichelis-in-argentina-squad-as-trio-miss-out-2353431.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made his [[FIFA Warld Cup]] debut in Argentinae's 2–1 defeat o [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae naitional fitbaw team|Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] at the [[Estádio do Maracanã]], playin the first hauf afore bein substitutit for [[Fernando Gago]] at hauf time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285099|title=Argentina 2-1 Bos-Herce|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
On 9 Juin 2011, he wis involvit in a serious road traffec accident in the province o [[Córdoba, Argentinae]], which killed ane o the passengers in his SUV an twa fowk in the ither caur involvit in the incident.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.football-italia.net/jun9t.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honours==

===Club===
;Sampdoria
*[[Coppa Italia]] Runner-up: [[:en;2009 Coppa Italia Final|2008–09]]

;Napoli
*[[Coppa Italia]]: 2011–12

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Argentinae squad 2014 FIFA Warld Cup}}
{{Delfino Pescara 1936 squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Campagnaro, Hugo}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Córdoba, Argentinae]]
[[Category:Argentine fitbawers]]
[[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Piacenza Calcio players]]
[[Category:U.C. Sampdoria players]]
[[Category:S.S.C. Napoli players]]
[[Category:Serie A players]]
[[Category:Serie B players]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Italy]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw defenders]]
[[Category:Club Deportivo Morón fitbawers]]
[[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Italy]]
[[Category:Inter Milan players]]
[[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:Serie B players]]
[[Category:Delfino Pescara 1936 players]]</text>
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      <id>921777</id>
      <parentid>921650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:28:12Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="6765" sha1="ayzpm10k3sig3frwt1mu9kpue25e3ou" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name                = Hugo Campagnaro
| image               = Hugo Campagnaro - SSC Neapel (4).jpg
| image_size          = 250px
| caption             = Campganaro in action wi [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] in 2009
| fullname            = Hugo Armando Campagnaro
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1980|6|27|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], Argentinae
| height              = {{height|m=1.81}}
| currentclub         = [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]]
| clubnumber          = 21
| position            = [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Centre back|Centre back]]
| years1              = 1998–2002 
| clubs1              = [[Deportivo Morón]]
| caps1               = 103  
| goals1              = 6   
| years2              = 2002–2007 
| clubs2              = [[Piacenza Calcio 1919|Piacenza]]
| caps2               = 127  
| goals2              = 10  
| years3              = 2007–2009 
| clubs3              = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]
| caps3               = 38   
| goals3              = 1   
| years4              = 2009–2013 
| clubs4              = [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]]
| caps4               = 118  
| goals4              = 4   
| years5              = 2013–2015
| clubs5              = [[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Internazionale]]
| caps5               = 31
| goals5              = 0
| years6              = 2015–
| clubs6              = [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]]
| caps6               = 24
| goals6              = 2  
| nationalyears1      = 2012– 
| nationalteam1       = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] 
| nationalcaps1       = 17
| nationalgoals1      = 0
| club-update         = 16 November 2015
| nationalteam-update = 11 Juin 2014
}}
'''Hugo Armando Campagnaro''' ({{IPA-es|ˈuɣo}}; born 27 Juin 1980) is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Centre back|centre back]] for Italian club [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]] in [[Serie B]].

==Career==
[[File:Hugo Campagnaro (L), Granit Xhaka (R) - Switzerland vs. Argentina, 29th February 2012.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Hugo Campagnaro on his debut for [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]].]]
He stairtit his career at [[Club Deportivo Morón]], played in Argentine seicont an third diveesion. In 2002, haein no played top level fitbaw, he wis signed bi [[Piacenza Calcio|Piacenza]], at that time in Serie A.

In simmer 2007, he wis signed bi [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] for their preparation for [[2007 UEFA Intertoto Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/intertotocup/news/kind=1/newsid=558125.html |title=Campagnaro joins Sampdoria influx |access-date=2014-07-12 |archive-date=2007-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708060833/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/intertotocup/news/kind=1/newsid=558125.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Campagnaro at that time worth €1.55 million cash.&lt;ref&gt;UC Sampdoria Report and Accounts on 31 December 2007 {{it icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 9 Julie 2009 he wis contractit bi [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] for €7 million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.direttanapoli.it/public/documenti/documenti_262.pdf|title=SSC Napoli 2009–10 Annual Report (page 21 to 40)|date=ca. January 2011|accessdate=17 June 2011|work=SSC Napoli (C.C.I.A.A. Archive)|publisher=Re-Published by direttanapoli.it|language=Italian|archive-date=2012-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325180716/http://www.direttanapoli.it/public/documenti/documenti_262.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; as pairt o the deal [[Daniele Mannini]] muivit tae Sampdoria in jynt-awnership bid for €3.5 million;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sampdoria.it/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=4864&amp;Itemid=73 Comunicato stampa: acquistato Daniele Mannini]&lt;/ref&gt; he signed a 4-year contract.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sscnapoli.it/client/render.aspx?root=707&amp;fwd=2566&amp;content=0 |title=Napoli, ufficializzati Campagnaro e Zuniga |access-date=2014-07-12 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201255/http://www.sscnapoli.it/client/render.aspx?root=707&amp;fwd=2566&amp;content=0 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 6 Julie 2013, Campagnaro transferred tae [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] on a twa-year deal.

== Internaitional career ==
He made his debut for [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team]] on 29 Februar 2012 in a friendly match against [[Swisserland naitional fitbaw team|Switzerland]], whaur [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] wan 3–1.

In Juin 2014, Campagnaro wis namit in Argentinae's squad for the [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=demichelis-in-argentina-squad-as-trio-miss-out-2353431.html|title=Demichelis in Argentina squad as trio miss out|date=2 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=FIFA|archive-date=2014-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604175628/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=demichelis-in-argentina-squad-as-trio-miss-out-2353431.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made his [[FIFA Warld Cup]] debut in Argentinae's 2–1 defeat o [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae naitional fitbaw team|Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] at the [[Estádio do Maracanã]], playin the first hauf afore bein substitutit for [[Fernando Gago]] at hauf time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285099|title=Argentina 2-1 Bos-Herce|date=16 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Personal life ==
On 9 Juin 2011, he wis involvit in a serious road traffec accident in the province o [[Córdoba, Argentinae]], which killed ane o the passengers in his SUV an twa fowk in the ither caur involvit in the incident.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.football-italia.net/jun9t.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Honours==

===Club===
;Sampdoria
*[[Coppa Italia]] Runner-up: [[:en;2009 Coppa Italia Final|2008–09]]

;Napoli
*[[Coppa Italia]]: 2011–12

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Argentinae squad 2014 FIFA Warld Cup}}
{{Delfino Pescara 1936 squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Campagnaro, Hugo}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Córdoba, Argentinae]]
[[Category:Argentine fitbawers]]
[[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Piacenza Calcio players]]
[[Category:U.C. Sampdoria players]]
[[Category:S.S.C. Napoli players]]
[[Category:Serie A players]]
[[Category:Serie B players]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Italy]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw defenders]]
[[Category:Club Deportivo Morón fitbawers]]
[[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Italy]]
[[Category:Inter Milan players]]
[[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:Serie B players]]
[[Category:Delfino Pescara 1936 players]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2011 Copa América</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921435</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:45:13Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="9021" sha1="mr6qm4b4633q8bn9d0varatbmyb0rmn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox international football competition
| year = 2011
| other_titles = Copa América Argentina 2011
| image = 
| size = 200px
| caption =
| country = Argentina
| dates = July 1 – 24
| num_teams = [[#Competin naitions|12]]
| confederations = 2
| venues = [[#Venues|8]]
| cities = 8
| champion = Uruguay
| count = 15
| second = Paraguay
| third = Peru
| fourth = Venezuela
| matches = 26
| goals = 54
| attendance = 882621
| top_scorer = {{flagicon|PER}} [[Paolo Guerrero]] &lt;br&gt; (5 goals)
| player = {{flagicon|URU}} [[Luis Suárez]]
| updated =
| prevseason = [[2007 Copa América|2007]]
| nextseason = [[2015 Copa América|''2015'']]
}}

The '''2011 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América''', better kent as the '''2011 Copa América''' or the '''Copa América Argentina 2011''', wis the 43rd edeetion o the [[Copa América]], the main internaitional [[association fitbaa|fitbaa]] tournament for naitional teams in [[Sooth Americae]]. The competeetion wis organisit bi [[CONMEBOL]], Sooth Americae's fitbaa govrenin bouk, an wis held in [[Argentinae]] frae Julie 1 tae 24, 2011. The draw for the toornament wis held in [[La Plata]] on 11 November 2010.

[[Uruguay naitional fitbaa team|Uruguay]] wan the toornament efter defeatin [[Paraguay naitional fitbaa team|Paraguay]] 3–0 in the feenal, giein them a record 15t Copa América title an thair first syne 1995. Paraguay, as the toornament runner-up, earned the Copa Bolivia; Paraguay's performance wis notewirthy, as thay wur able tae reach the feenals athoot winnin a single gemme in the toornament; thair success in the feenal stages wis achievit bi the wey o penalty shuit-oots. As the toornament champion, Uruguay earned the richt tae represent CONMEBOL in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]], held in [[Brazil]]. [[Peru naitional fitbaa team|Peru]] finished third efter defeatin [[Venezuela naitional fitbaa team|Venezuela]] 4–1 in the third-place match.

==Results==
===Group Stage===
====Group A====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{COL}}'''
|'''7'''||3||2||1||0||3||0||+3
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{ARG}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||4||1||+3
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{CRI}}
|'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{BOL}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||1||5||-4
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 1. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || {{BOL}} || 1:1 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2. Julie 2011, 15 Oors in San Salvador de Jujuy
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{COL}}''' || - || {{CRI}} || 1:0 (1:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 6. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in San Salvador de Jujuy
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BOL}} || - || '''{{CRI}}''' || 0:2 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 7. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || {{COL}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 10. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{COL}}''' || - || {{BOL}} || 2:0 (2:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 10. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{ARG}}''' || - || {{CRI}} || 3:0 (1:0)
|}

====Group B====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{BRA}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||6||4||+2
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{VEN}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||4||3||+1
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PRY}}'''
|'''3'''||3||0||3||0||5||5||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{ECU}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || {{VEN}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3. Julie 2011, 18 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{PRY}} || - || {{ECU}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 9. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || {{PRY}} || 2:2 (1:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 9. Julie 2011, 18 Oors in Salta
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{VEN}}''' || - || {{ECU}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 13. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Salta
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{PRY}} || - || {{VEN}} || 3:3 (1:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 13. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{BRA}}''' || - || {{ECU}} || 4:2 (1:1)
|}

====Group C====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{CHI}}'''
|'''7'''||3||2||1||0||4||2||+2
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{URU}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||3||2||+1
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PER}}'''
|'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{MEX}}
|'''0'''||3||0||0||3||1||4||-3
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{URU}} || - || {{PER}} || 1:1 (1:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{CHI}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 2:1 (0:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 8. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{URU}} || - || {{CHI}} || 1:1 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 8. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{PER}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 12. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{CHI}}''' || - || {{PER}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 12. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{URU}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 1:0 (1:0)
|}

====Best thirds====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f5faff; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=50%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=29% | Team
!width=5% | Group
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PER}}'''
!C
|'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PRY}}'''
!B
|'''3'''||3||0||3||0||5||5||0
|- align=center
|align=left|{{CRI}}
!A
|'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2
|}

===Knockout Stage===
====Quarter Finals====
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 16. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Córdoba 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{COL}} || - || '''{{PER}}''' || 0:2 pro. (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 16. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Santa Fé 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || '''{{URU}}''' || 1:1 (4:5 pen.)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 17. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in La Plata 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || '''{{PRY}}''' || 0:0 (0:2 pen.)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 17. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| {{CHI}} || - || '''{{VEN}}''' || 1:2 (0:1)
|}

====Semifinals====
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 8. Julie 2014, 17 Oors in Belo Horizonte || 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
|{{URU}} ||-|| '''{{PER}}''' || 1:7 (0:5)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 9. Julie 2014, 17 Oors in São Paulo || 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{NED}} || - || '''{{ARG}}''' || 0:0 (2:4 pen.)
|}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Copa América 2011}}
* [http://ca2011.com/ Copa América 2011 Offeecial Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115200728/http://ca2011.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/CopaAmerica Offeecial YouTube Channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704090116/http://www.youtube.com/user/CopaAmerica |date=2011-07-04 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2011 Copa America}}
[[Category:2011 Copa América]]
[[Category:2011 in association fitbaa]]
[[Category:Copa América toornaments]]
[[Category:2011 in Sooth American fitbaa]]
[[Category:Internaitional association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Argentinae]]
[[Category:2010–11 in Argentine fitbaa|Copa]]</text>
      <sha1>mr6qm4b4633q8bn9d0varatbmyb0rmn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921457</id>
      <parentid>921435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:58:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9020" sha1="grlggr9u4q6qj3qnqpejohcwo1orz8s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox internaitional fitbaa competition
| year = 2011
| other_titles = Copa América Argentina 2011
| image = 
| size = 200px
| caption =
| country = Argentina
| dates = July 1 – 24
| num_teams = [[#Competin naitions|12]]
| confederations = 2
| venues = [[#Venues|8]]
| cities = 8
| champion = Uruguay
| count = 15
| second = Paraguay
| third = Peru
| fourth = Venezuela
| matches = 26
| goals = 54
| attendance = 882621
| top_scorer = {{flagicon|PER}} [[Paolo Guerrero]] &lt;br&gt; (5 goals)
| player = {{flagicon|URU}} [[Luis Suárez]]
| updated =
| prevseason = [[2007 Copa América|2007]]
| nextseason = [[2015 Copa América|''2015'']]
}}

The '''2011 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América''', better kent as the '''2011 Copa América''' or the '''Copa América Argentina 2011''', wis the 43rd edeetion o the [[Copa América]], the main internaitional [[association fitbaa|fitbaa]] tournament for naitional teams in [[Sooth Americae]]. The competeetion wis organisit bi [[CONMEBOL]], Sooth Americae's fitbaa govrenin bouk, an wis held in [[Argentinae]] frae Julie 1 tae 24, 2011. The draw for the toornament wis held in [[La Plata]] on 11 November 2010.

[[Uruguay naitional fitbaa team|Uruguay]] wan the toornament efter defeatin [[Paraguay naitional fitbaa team|Paraguay]] 3–0 in the feenal, giein them a record 15t Copa América title an thair first syne 1995. Paraguay, as the toornament runner-up, earned the Copa Bolivia; Paraguay's performance wis notewirthy, as thay wur able tae reach the feenals athoot winnin a single gemme in the toornament; thair success in the feenal stages wis achievit bi the wey o penalty shuit-oots. As the toornament champion, Uruguay earned the richt tae represent CONMEBOL in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]], held in [[Brazil]]. [[Peru naitional fitbaa team|Peru]] finished third efter defeatin [[Venezuela naitional fitbaa team|Venezuela]] 4–1 in the third-place match.

==Results==
===Group Stage===
====Group A====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{COL}}'''
|'''7'''||3||2||1||0||3||0||+3
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{ARG}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||4||1||+3
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{CRI}}
|'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{BOL}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||1||5||-4
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 1. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || {{BOL}} || 1:1 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2. Julie 2011, 15 Oors in San Salvador de Jujuy
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{COL}}''' || - || {{CRI}} || 1:0 (1:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 6. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in San Salvador de Jujuy
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BOL}} || - || '''{{CRI}}''' || 0:2 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 7. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || {{COL}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 10. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{COL}}''' || - || {{BOL}} || 2:0 (2:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 10. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{ARG}}''' || - || {{CRI}} || 3:0 (1:0)
|}

====Group B====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{BRA}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||6||4||+2
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{VEN}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||4||3||+1
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PRY}}'''
|'''3'''||3||0||3||0||5||5||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{ECU}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || {{VEN}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3. Julie 2011, 18 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{PRY}} || - || {{ECU}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 9. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || {{PRY}} || 2:2 (1:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 9. Julie 2011, 18 Oors in Salta
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{VEN}}''' || - || {{ECU}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 13. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Salta
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{PRY}} || - || {{VEN}} || 3:3 (1:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 13. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{BRA}}''' || - || {{ECU}} || 4:2 (1:1)
|}

====Group C====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{CHI}}'''
|'''7'''||3||2||1||0||4||2||+2
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{URU}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||3||2||+1
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PER}}'''
|'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{MEX}}
|'''0'''||3||0||0||3||1||4||-3
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{URU}} || - || {{PER}} || 1:1 (1:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{CHI}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 2:1 (0:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 8. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{URU}} || - || {{CHI}} || 1:1 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 8. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{PER}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 12. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{CHI}}''' || - || {{PER}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 12. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{URU}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 1:0 (1:0)
|}

====Best thirds====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f5faff; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=50%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=29% | Team
!width=5% | Group
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PER}}'''
!C
|'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PRY}}'''
!B
|'''3'''||3||0||3||0||5||5||0
|- align=center
|align=left|{{CRI}}
!A
|'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2
|}

===Knockout Stage===
====Quarter Finals====
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 16. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Córdoba 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{COL}} || - || '''{{PER}}''' || 0:2 pro. (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 16. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Santa Fé 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || '''{{URU}}''' || 1:1 (4:5 pen.)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 17. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in La Plata 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || '''{{PRY}}''' || 0:0 (0:2 pen.)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 17. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| {{CHI}} || - || '''{{VEN}}''' || 1:2 (0:1)
|}

====Semifinals====
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 8. Julie 2014, 17 Oors in Belo Horizonte || 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
|{{URU}} ||-|| '''{{PER}}''' || 1:7 (0:5)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 9. Julie 2014, 17 Oors in São Paulo || 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{NED}} || - || '''{{ARG}}''' || 0:0 (2:4 pen.)
|}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Copa América 2011}}
* [http://ca2011.com/ Copa América 2011 Offeecial Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115200728/http://ca2011.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/CopaAmerica Offeecial YouTube Channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704090116/http://www.youtube.com/user/CopaAmerica |date=2011-07-04 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2011 Copa America}}
[[Category:2011 Copa América]]
[[Category:2011 in association fitbaa]]
[[Category:Copa América toornaments]]
[[Category:2011 in Sooth American fitbaa]]
[[Category:Internaitional association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Argentinae]]
[[Category:2010–11 in Argentine fitbaa|Copa]]</text>
      <sha1>grlggr9u4q6qj3qnqpejohcwo1orz8s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921458</id>
      <parentid>921457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:58:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8997" sha1="bme77flly8g9dpkvk1k7ok6joxqv9u5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox internaitional fitbaa competition
| year = 2011
| other_titles = Copa América Argentina 2011
| size = 200px
| country = Argentina
| dates = July 1 – 24
| num_teams = [[#Competin naitions|12]]
| confederations = 2
| venues = [[#Venues|8]]
| cities = 8
| champion = Uruguay
| count = 15
| second = Paraguay
| third = Peru
| fourth = Venezuela
| matches = 26
| goals = 54
| attendance = 882621
| top_scorer = {{flagicon|PER}} [[Paolo Guerrero]] &lt;br&gt; (5 goals)
| player = {{flagicon|URU}} [[Luis Suárez]]
| updated =
| prevseason = [[2007 Copa América|2007]]
| nextseason = [[2015 Copa América|''2015'']]
}}

The '''2011 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América''', better kent as the '''2011 Copa América''' or the '''Copa América Argentina 2011''', wis the 43rd edeetion o the [[Copa América]], the main internaitional [[association fitbaa|fitbaa]] tournament for naitional teams in [[Sooth Americae]]. The competeetion wis organisit bi [[CONMEBOL]], Sooth Americae's fitbaa govrenin bouk, an wis held in [[Argentinae]] frae Julie 1 tae 24, 2011. The draw for the toornament wis held in [[La Plata]] on 11 November 2010.

[[Uruguay naitional fitbaa team|Uruguay]] wan the toornament efter defeatin [[Paraguay naitional fitbaa team|Paraguay]] 3–0 in the feenal, giein them a record 15t Copa América title an thair first syne 1995. Paraguay, as the toornament runner-up, earned the Copa Bolivia; Paraguay's performance wis notewirthy, as thay wur able tae reach the feenals athoot winnin a single gemme in the toornament; thair success in the feenal stages wis achievit bi the wey o penalty shuit-oots. As the toornament champion, Uruguay earned the richt tae represent CONMEBOL in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]], held in [[Brazil]]. [[Peru naitional fitbaa team|Peru]] finished third efter defeatin [[Venezuela naitional fitbaa team|Venezuela]] 4–1 in the third-place match.

==Results==
===Group Stage===
====Group A====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{COL}}'''
|'''7'''||3||2||1||0||3||0||+3
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{ARG}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||4||1||+3
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{CRI}}
|'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{BOL}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||1||5||-4
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 1. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || {{BOL}} || 1:1 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2. Julie 2011, 15 Oors in San Salvador de Jujuy
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{COL}}''' || - || {{CRI}} || 1:0 (1:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 6. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in San Salvador de Jujuy
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BOL}} || - || '''{{CRI}}''' || 0:2 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 7. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || {{COL}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 10. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{COL}}''' || - || {{BOL}} || 2:0 (2:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 10. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{ARG}}''' || - || {{CRI}} || 3:0 (1:0)
|}

====Group B====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{BRA}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||6||4||+2
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{VEN}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||4||3||+1
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PRY}}'''
|'''3'''||3||0||3||0||5||5||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{ECU}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||2||5||-3
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || {{VEN}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 3. Julie 2011, 18 Oors in Santa Fé
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{PRY}} || - || {{ECU}} || 0:0
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 9. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || {{PRY}} || 2:2 (1:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 9. Julie 2011, 18 Oors in Salta
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{VEN}}''' || - || {{ECU}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 13. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Salta
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{PRY}} || - || {{VEN}} || 3:3 (1:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 13. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Córdoba
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{BRA}}''' || - || {{ECU}} || 4:2 (1:1)
|}

====Group C====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=40%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=34% | Team
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{CHI}}'''
|'''7'''||3||2||1||0||4||2||+2
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{URU}}'''
|'''5'''||3||1||2||0||3||2||+1
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PER}}'''
|'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
|align=left|{{MEX}}
|'''0'''||3||0||0||3||1||4||-3
|}
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{URU}} || - || {{PER}} || 1:1 (1:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 4. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{CHI}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 2:1 (0:1)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 8. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{URU}} || - || {{CHI}} || 1:1 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 8. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{PER}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 12. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Mendoza
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{CHI}}''' || - || {{PER}} || 1:0 (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 12. Julie 2011, 21 Oors in La Plata
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| '''{{URU}}''' || - || {{MEX}} || 1:0 (1:0)
|}

====Best thirds====
{| align=center cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f5faff; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot; width=50%
|- bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=29% | Team
!width=5% | Group
!width=5% | Pts
!width=5% | PJ
!width=5% | PG
!width=5% | PE
!width=5% | PP
!width=5% | GF
!width=5% | GC
!width=5% | Dif
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PER}}'''
!C
|'''4'''||3||1||1||1||2||2||0
|- align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|align=left|'''{{PRY}}'''
!B
|'''3'''||3||0||3||0||5||5||0
|- align=center
|align=left|{{CRI}}
!A
|'''3'''||3||1||0||2||2||4||-2
|}

===Knockout Stage===
====Quarter Finals====
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 16. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in Córdoba 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{COL}} || - || '''{{PER}}''' || 0:2 pro. (0:0)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 16. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in Santa Fé 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{ARG}} || - || '''{{URU}}''' || 1:1 (4:5 pen.)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 17. Julie 2011, 16 Oors in La Plata 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{BRA}} || - || '''{{PRY}}''' || 0:0 (0:2 pen.)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | 17. Julie 2011, 19 Oors in San Juan
|- bgcolor=&quot;#dddddd&quot;
| {{CHI}} || - || '''{{VEN}}''' || 1:2 (0:1)
|}

====Semifinals====
{| border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:400px;&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 8. Julie 2014, 17 Oors in Belo Horizonte || 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
|{{URU}} ||-|| '''{{PER}}''' || 1:7 (0:5)
|- bgcolor=&quot;#DDDDDD&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | 9. Julie 2014, 17 Oors in São Paulo || 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#EEEEEE&quot;
| {{NED}} || - || '''{{ARG}}''' || 0:0 (2:4 pen.)
|}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Copa América 2011}}
* [http://ca2011.com/ Copa América 2011 Offeecial Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115200728/http://ca2011.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/CopaAmerica Offeecial YouTube Channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704090116/http://www.youtube.com/user/CopaAmerica |date=2011-07-04 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2011 Copa America}}
[[Category:2011 Copa América]]
[[Category:2011 in association fitbaa]]
[[Category:Copa América toornaments]]
[[Category:2011 in Sooth American fitbaa]]
[[Category:Internaitional association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Argentinae]]
[[Category:2010–11 in Argentine fitbaa|Copa]]</text>
      <sha1>bme77flly8g9dpkvk1k7ok6joxqv9u5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Copa América</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>78996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921634</id>
      <parentid>911526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:08:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27203" sha1="2ttiuzdopc3ygjgg1e9wewg9i0u4va8" xml:space="preserve">{{Redirect|Copa America}}
{{infobox football tournament
|logo                 = Copa America wordmark.svg
|caption              = 
|founded              = {{Start date and age|1916}}
|number of teams      = 12
|region               = [[South America]] ([[CONMEBOL]])
|current champions    = {{nowrap|{{fb|BRA}} (9t teetle)}}
|most successful team = {{fb|Uruguay}} (15 teetles)
|broadcasters         = 
|motto                = 
|website              = [http://www.ca2015.com/ 2015 Copa América]
|current              = 
}}
{{Infobox
|image1 = [[File:Uruguay fans celebrating CA title.jpg|230px]]
|caption1 = Uruguay fans celebratin [[2011 Copa América]] title
|bodyclass = hlist nowraplinks
|headerstyle = border-top: 1px solid #aaa
|header1 = Tournaments
|data2 = 
* [[1916 South American Championship|1916]]
* [[1917 South American Championship|1917]]
* [[1919 South American Championship|1919]]
* [[1920 South American Championship|1920]]
* [[1921 South American Championship|1921]]
* [[1922 South American Championship|1922]]
* [[1923 South American Championship|1923]]
* [[1924 South American Championship|1924]]
* [[1925 South American Championship|1925]]
* [[1926 South American Championship|1926]]
* [[1927 South American Championship|1927]]
* [[1929 South American Championship|1929]]
* [[1935 South American Championship|1935]]
* [[1937 South American Championship|1937]]
* [[1939 South American Championship|1939]]
* [[1941 South American Championship|1941]]
* [[1942 South American Championship|1942]]
* [[1945 South American Championship|1945]]
* [[1946 South American Championship|1946]]
* [[1947 South American Championship|1947]]
* [[1949 South American Championship|1949]]
* [[1953 South American Championship|1953]]
* [[1955 South American Championship|1955]]
* [[1956 South American Championship|1956]]
* [[1957 South American Championship|1957]]
* [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]]
* [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]]
* [[1963 South American Championship|1963]]
* [[1967 South American Championship|1967]]
* [[1975 Copa América|1975]]
* [[1979 Copa América|1979]]
* [[1983 Copa América|1983]]
* [[1987 Copa América|1987]]
* [[1989 Copa América|1989]]
* [[1991 Copa América|1991]]
* [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
* [[1995 Copa América|1995]]
* [[1997 Copa América|1997]]
* [[1999 Copa América|1999]]
* [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
* [[2004 Copa América|2004]]
* [[2007 Copa América|2007]]
* [[2011 Copa América|2011]]
* [[2015 Copa América|2015]]
* [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]
* [[2019 Copa América|2019]]
* ''[[2023 Copa América|2023]]''
}}
The '''Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América''', commonly kent as '''Copa América''' ([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] for &quot;Americae Cup&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|title=CONCACAF and CONMEBOL Announce Agreement to Bring Copa America 2016 to the United States|publisher=CONCACAF.com|date=May 1, 2014|access-date=2014-07-24|archive-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628021211/https://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[internaitional]] [[association fitbaa]] competeetion contestit atween the men's naitional fitbaa teams o [[CONMEBOL]], determinin the continental champion o [[Sooth Americae]]. It is the auldest internaitional continental fitbaa competeetion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world |title=The oldest continental tournament in the world |publisher=CONMEBOL.com |accessdate=3 April 2014 |archive-date=2014-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731003123/http://www.conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The current toornament format involves twal teams competin at venues in a host naition ower a period o aboot a month. The confederation haes anerly ten members, sae naitional teams fae ither FIFA confederations are invitit tae fill the ither 2 places; [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]], [[Mexico naitional fitbaa team|Mexico]] an the [[Unitit States men's naitional soccer team|Unitit States]] hae been regular syne bein invitit for the first time in 1993. In 43 toornaments, seiven naitional teams hae wan the title. [[Uruguay naitional fitbaa team|Uruguay]] is the maist sonsie team in the toornament, haein wan it fifteen times.

The Copa América is ane o the maist prestigious an maist widely viewed sportin events in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=50 Reasons Why World Football Is the Best and Biggest Sport in the World|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/544688-50-reasons-why-world-football-is-the-best-and-biggest-sport-in-the-world/page/11|accessdate=29 June 2014|publisher=Bleacher Report|date=16 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The heichest feenishin member o CONMEBOL haes the richt tae pairticipate in the next edition o the [[FIFA Confederations Cup]], but isna obleeged tae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/news/newsid=95756/index.html |title=2005/2006 season: final worldwide matchday to be 14 May 2006 |publisher=FIFA.com |date=19 December 2004 |accessdate=3 April 2012 |archive-date=2015-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426221112/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/news/newsid=95756/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Results==
===Sooth American Championship era===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot;|Year
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;12%&quot;|Host
!colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Feenal Toornament Results
|-
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Winners
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Runners-Up
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Third Place
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Fowert Place
|-
|[[1916 South American Championship|1916]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|Trophy|C|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1917 South American Championship|1917]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1919 South American Championship|1919]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1920 South American Championship|1920]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1921 South American Championship|1921]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1922 South American Championship|1922]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|-
|[[1923 South American Championship|1923]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|-
|[[1924 South American Championship|1924]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1925 South American Championship|1925]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|DC|A|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|'''N/A'''
|-
|[[1926 South American Championship|1926]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1927 South American Championship|1927]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|-
|[[1929 South American Championship|1929]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|-
|[[1935 South American Championship|1935]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1937 South American Championship|1937]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1939 South American Championship|1939]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1941 South American Championship|1941]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|-
|[[1942 South American Championship|1942]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1945 South American Championship|1945]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1946 South American Championship|1946]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1947 South American Championship|1947]]
|{{ECU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1949 South American Championship|1949]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|-
|[[1953 South American Championship|1953]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1955 South American Championship|1955]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1956 South American Championship|1956]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|-
|[[1957 South American Championship|1957]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{ECU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Ecuador}}
|-
|[[1963 South American Championship|1963]]
|{{BOL}}
|'''{{fb-big|Bolivia}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1960}}
|-
|[[1967 South American Championship|1967]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|}

===Copa América era===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot;|Year
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;12%&quot;|Host
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Final
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Third place match
|-
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Winners
!width=&quot;10%&quot;|Score
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Runners-Up
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Third Place
!width=&quot;10%&quot;|Score
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Fowert Place
|-
|[[1975 Copa América|1975]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Peru}}'''
|'''[[1975 Copa América#Finals|0 – 1 / 2 – 0]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Play-off&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[1975 Copa América#Final play-off|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|{{fb|Brazil|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Uruguay}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1979 Copa América|1979]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}'''
|'''[[1979 Copa América#Finals|3 – 0 / 0 – 1]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Play-off&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[1979 Copa América#Final play-off|0 – 0]] [[Owertime (sports)|a.e.t.]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb|Brazil|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Peru}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1983 Copa América|1983]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|[[1983 Copa América#Finals|'''2 – 0''' / '''1 – 1''']]
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}
|{{fb|Paraguay|1954}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Peru}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1987 Copa América|1987]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[1987 Copa América Final|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1987 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|-
|[[1989 Copa América|1989]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1968}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}'''
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1988}}
|-
|[[1991 Copa América|1991]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina}}'''
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|-
|[[1993 Copa América|1993]]
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina}}'''
|'''[[1993 Copa América Final|2 – 1]]'''
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1993 Copa América#Third-place match|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Ecuador}}
|-
|[[1995 Copa América|1995]]
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[1995 Copa América Final|1 – 1&lt;br /&gt;5–3]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1995 Copa América#Third-place match|4 – 1]]'''
|''{{fb-big|USA}}''
|-
|[[1997 Copa América|1997]]
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[1997 Copa América Final|3 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[1997 Copa América#Third-place match|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1999 Copa América|1999]]
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[1999 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[1999 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[2001 Copa América|2001]]
|{{flag|Colombie}}
|'''{{fb-big|Colombia}}'''
|'''[[2001 Copa América Final|1 – 0]]'''
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|''{{fb-big|Honduras}}''
|'''[[2001 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 2&lt;br /&gt;5–4]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[2004 Copa América|2004]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[2004 Copa América Final|2 – 2&lt;br /&gt;4–2]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|'''[[2004 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|-
|[[2007 Copa América|2007]]
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[2007 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[2007 Copa América#Third-place match|3 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[2011 Copa América|2011]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[2011 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|'''[[2011 Copa América final stages#Third-place match|4 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Venezuela}}
|-
|[[2015 Copa América|2015]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|Chile}}'''
|'''[[2015 Copa América Final|0 – 0&lt;br /&gt;4–1]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|'''[[2015 Copa América final stages#Third-place match|2 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay}}
|-
|[[Copa América Centenario|2016]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|'''{{fb-big|Chile}}'''
|'''[[Copa América Centenario Final|0 – 0&lt;br /&gt;4–2]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''1 – 0'''
|{{fb-big|United States}}
|-
|[[2019 Copa América|2019]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2023 Copa América|2023]]
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
* '''Key:'''
** Invitit teams in ''italics''
** pens – ''efter [[Penalty shuit-oot (association fitbaa)|penalty shuitoot]]''

{{clear}}

===Teams reachin the top fower===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=15%|Team
!width=22%|Winners
!width=21%|Runners-up
!width=21%|Third place
!width=21%|Fowert place
|-
|{{fb|URU}}
|15 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]] [[#1|*]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1923 South American Championship|1923]] [[#1|*]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]] [[#1|*]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]] [[#1|*]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]] [[#1|*]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]] , [[1967 South American Championship|1967]] [[#1|*]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]] [[#1|*]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|6 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]])
|9 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]])
|5 ([[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[2001 Copa América|2001]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|-
|{{fb|ARG}}
|14 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]] [[#1|*]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]] [[#1|*]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]] [[#1|*]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]] [[#1|*]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]] [[#1|*]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]] [[#1|*]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]])
|14 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]] [[#1|*]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]])
|4 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]])
|2 ([[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|BRA}}
|8 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]] [[#1|*]], [[1922 South American Championship|1922]] [[#1|*]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]] [[#1|*]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]] [[#1|*]], [[1997 Copa América|1997]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|11 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]])
|7 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]])
|3 ([[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]])
|-
|{{fb|PAR}}
|2 ([[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]])
|6 ([[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|7 ([[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]])
|7 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]])
|-
|{{fb|CHI}}
|2 ([[2015 Copa América|2015]] [[#1|*]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]])
|4 ([[1955 South American Championship|1955]] [[#1|*]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]])
|5 ([[1926 South American Championship|1926]] [[#1|*]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]] [[#1|*]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]] [[#1|*]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]] [[#1|*]])
|10 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]] [[#1|*]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]])
|-
|{{fb|PER}}
|2 ([[1939 South American Championship|1939]] [[#1|*]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]])
|align=center|—
|8 ([[1927 South American Championship|1927]] [[#1|*]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]] [[#1|*]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]], [[Copa América 2015|2015]])
|5 ([[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]] [[#1|*]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1997 Copa América|1997]])
|-
|{{fb|COL}}
|1 ([[2001 Copa América|2001]] [[#1|*]])
|1 ([[1975 Copa América|1975]])
|4 ([[1987 Copa América|1987]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]) 
|2 ([[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]])
|-
|{{fb|BOL}}
|1 ([[1963 South American Championship|1963]] [[#1|*]])
|1 ([[1997 Copa América|1997]] [[#1|*]])
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]])
|-
|{{fb|MEX}}^
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[2001 Copa América|2001]])
|3 ([[1997 Copa América|1997]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|align=center|—
|-
|{{fb|HON}}^
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|1 ([[2001 Copa América|2001]])
|align=center|—
|-
|{{fb|ECU}}
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]] [[#1|*]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|USA}}^
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|
|2 ([[1995 Copa América|1995]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|VEN}}
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|1 ([[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|}
:&lt;div id=&quot;1&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;=hosts''&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;div id=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;^&lt;/nowiki&gt;=invitees''&lt;/div&gt;
{{clear}}

[[File:Copa america trofeo.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Copa 100 (26454062733).jpg|thumb|]]
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Brazil nor Uruguay haes feenished in the tap fower (1993, 2015, 2016).
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Argentinae nor Brazil haes feenished in the tap fower (1939, 2001, 2011).
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Argentinae nor Uruguay feenish in the tap fower (1949, 1979, 1997).
* Aw Copa América toornaments held in Brazil an Uruguay hae been wan bi the host naition.

===General statistics===
{|cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f5faff; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;&quot; width=55%
|- align=center bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=50% colspan=2|Team
!width=5%|Po
!width=5%|Pl
!width=5%|W
!width=5%|D
!width=5%|L
!width=5%|GF
!width=5%|GA
!width=5%|GD
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|1
|align=left|{{fb|ARG}}
|'''364'''||173||111||31||31||422||166||+256
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|2
|align=left|{{fb|URU}}
|'''339'''||184||103||30||51||384||208||+176
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|3
|align=left|{{fb|BRA}}
|'''315'''||167||95||30||42||387||190||+197
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|4
|align=left|{{fb|PAR}}
|'''213'''||153||61||30||62||241||270||-29
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|5
|align=left|{{fb|CHI}}
|'''188'''||161||54||26||81||247||291||-44
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|6
|align=left|{{fb|PER}}
|'''169'''||132||46||31||55||193||220||-27
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|7
|align=left|{{fb|COL}}
|'''128'''||99||36||20||43||120||175||-55
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|8
|align=left|{{fb|BOL}}
|'''81'''||102||19||24||59||97||257||-160
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|9
|align=left|{{fb|MEX}}
|'''61'''||38||17||10||14||56||48||+8
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|10
|align=left|{{fb|ECU}}
|'''61'''||108||14||19||75||114||296||-182
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|11
|align=left|{{fb|VEN}}
|'''21'''||51||4||9||38||36||155||-120
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|12
|align=left|{{fb|CRC}}
|'''11'''||11||3||2||6||12||21||-9
|- align=right bgfdafgdacolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|13
|align=left|{{fb|HON}}
|'''10'''||6||3||1||2||7||5||+2
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|14
|align=left|{{fb|USA}}
|'''8'''||12||2||2||8||11||21||-10
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|15
|align=left|{{fb|JPN}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||3||8||-5
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Fuitnotes===
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
:A.&amp;nbsp;{{note|DC}}Anerly three teams entered the toornament.
:B.&amp;nbsp;{{note|3rd}}Nae third place match wis played; third place wis shared.
:C.&amp;nbsp;{{note|Trophy}}Thare wis nae trophy bein competit for in the 1916 toornament. It wis competit for the first time in the 1917 toornament.
:D.&amp;nbsp;{{note|extra}}The toornament wis a extra edeetion, wi nae trophy haundit tae the winners, but still conseidered offeecial bi CONMEBOL.
:E.&amp;nbsp;{{note|final}}Feenal stage wis a roond-robin group.
:F.&amp;nbsp;{{note|host}}Matches wur played in &quot;Hame - Awa&quot; basis.
&lt;/div&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Copa America}}
[[Category:Copa América| ]]
[[Category:CONMEBOL competeetions]]
[[Category:Recurrin events established in 1916]]
[[Category:Quadrennial sportin events]]</text>
      <sha1>2ttiuzdopc3ygjgg1e9wewg9i0u4va8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921759</id>
      <parentid>921634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:04:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921759</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27201" sha1="tghcwccr5iev6ns71sr0h42xvmjb97q" xml:space="preserve">{{Redirect|Copa America}}
{{infobox fitbaw tournament
|logo                 = Copa America wordmark.svg
|caption              = 
|founded              = {{Start date and age|1916}}
|number of teams      = 12
|region               = [[South America]] ([[CONMEBOL]])
|current champions    = {{nowrap|{{fb|BRA}} (9t teetle)}}
|most successful team = {{fb|Uruguay}} (15 teetles)
|broadcasters         = 
|motto                = 
|website              = [http://www.ca2015.com/ 2015 Copa América]
|current              = 
}}
{{Infobox
|image1 = [[File:Uruguay fans celebrating CA title.jpg|230px]]
|caption1 = Uruguay fans celebratin [[2011 Copa América]] title
|bodyclass = hlist nowraplinks
|headerstyle = border-top: 1px solid #aaa
|header1 = Tournaments
|data2 = 
* [[1916 South American Championship|1916]]
* [[1917 South American Championship|1917]]
* [[1919 South American Championship|1919]]
* [[1920 South American Championship|1920]]
* [[1921 South American Championship|1921]]
* [[1922 South American Championship|1922]]
* [[1923 South American Championship|1923]]
* [[1924 South American Championship|1924]]
* [[1925 South American Championship|1925]]
* [[1926 South American Championship|1926]]
* [[1927 South American Championship|1927]]
* [[1929 South American Championship|1929]]
* [[1935 South American Championship|1935]]
* [[1937 South American Championship|1937]]
* [[1939 South American Championship|1939]]
* [[1941 South American Championship|1941]]
* [[1942 South American Championship|1942]]
* [[1945 South American Championship|1945]]
* [[1946 South American Championship|1946]]
* [[1947 South American Championship|1947]]
* [[1949 South American Championship|1949]]
* [[1953 South American Championship|1953]]
* [[1955 South American Championship|1955]]
* [[1956 South American Championship|1956]]
* [[1957 South American Championship|1957]]
* [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]]
* [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]]
* [[1963 South American Championship|1963]]
* [[1967 South American Championship|1967]]
* [[1975 Copa América|1975]]
* [[1979 Copa América|1979]]
* [[1983 Copa América|1983]]
* [[1987 Copa América|1987]]
* [[1989 Copa América|1989]]
* [[1991 Copa América|1991]]
* [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
* [[1995 Copa América|1995]]
* [[1997 Copa América|1997]]
* [[1999 Copa América|1999]]
* [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
* [[2004 Copa América|2004]]
* [[2007 Copa América|2007]]
* [[2011 Copa América|2011]]
* [[2015 Copa América|2015]]
* [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]
* [[2019 Copa América|2019]]
* ''[[2023 Copa América|2023]]''
}}
The '''Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América''', commonly kent as '''Copa América''' ([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] for &quot;Americae Cup&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|title=CONCACAF and CONMEBOL Announce Agreement to Bring Copa America 2016 to the United States|publisher=CONCACAF.com|date=May 1, 2014|access-date=2014-07-24|archive-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628021211/https://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[internaitional]] [[association fitbaa]] competeetion contestit atween the men's naitional fitbaa teams o [[CONMEBOL]], determinin the continental champion o [[Sooth Americae]]. It is the auldest internaitional continental fitbaa competeetion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world |title=The oldest continental tournament in the world |publisher=CONMEBOL.com |accessdate=3 April 2014 |archive-date=2014-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731003123/http://www.conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The current toornament format involves twal teams competin at venues in a host naition ower a period o aboot a month. The confederation haes anerly ten members, sae naitional teams fae ither FIFA confederations are invitit tae fill the ither 2 places; [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]], [[Mexico naitional fitbaa team|Mexico]] an the [[Unitit States men's naitional soccer team|Unitit States]] hae been regular syne bein invitit for the first time in 1993. In 43 toornaments, seiven naitional teams hae wan the title. [[Uruguay naitional fitbaa team|Uruguay]] is the maist sonsie team in the toornament, haein wan it fifteen times.

The Copa América is ane o the maist prestigious an maist widely viewed sportin events in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=50 Reasons Why World Football Is the Best and Biggest Sport in the World|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/544688-50-reasons-why-world-football-is-the-best-and-biggest-sport-in-the-world/page/11|accessdate=29 June 2014|publisher=Bleacher Report|date=16 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The heichest feenishin member o CONMEBOL haes the richt tae pairticipate in the next edition o the [[FIFA Confederations Cup]], but isna obleeged tae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/news/newsid=95756/index.html |title=2005/2006 season: final worldwide matchday to be 14 May 2006 |publisher=FIFA.com |date=19 December 2004 |accessdate=3 April 2012 |archive-date=2015-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426221112/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/news/newsid=95756/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Results==
===Sooth American Championship era===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot;|Year
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;12%&quot;|Host
!colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Feenal Toornament Results
|-
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Winners
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Runners-Up
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Third Place
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Fowert Place
|-
|[[1916 South American Championship|1916]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|Trophy|C|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1917 South American Championship|1917]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1919 South American Championship|1919]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1920 South American Championship|1920]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1921 South American Championship|1921]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1922 South American Championship|1922]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|-
|[[1923 South American Championship|1923]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|-
|[[1924 South American Championship|1924]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1925 South American Championship|1925]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|DC|A|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|'''N/A'''
|-
|[[1926 South American Championship|1926]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1927 South American Championship|1927]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|-
|[[1929 South American Championship|1929]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|-
|[[1935 South American Championship|1935]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1937 South American Championship|1937]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1939 South American Championship|1939]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1941 South American Championship|1941]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|-
|[[1942 South American Championship|1942]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1945 South American Championship|1945]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1946 South American Championship|1946]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1947 South American Championship|1947]]
|{{ECU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1949 South American Championship|1949]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|-
|[[1953 South American Championship|1953]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1955 South American Championship|1955]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1956 South American Championship|1956]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|-
|[[1957 South American Championship|1957]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{ECU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Ecuador}}
|-
|[[1963 South American Championship|1963]]
|{{BOL}}
|'''{{fb-big|Bolivia}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1960}}
|-
|[[1967 South American Championship|1967]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|}

===Copa América era===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot;|Year
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;12%&quot;|Host
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Final
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Third place match
|-
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Winners
!width=&quot;10%&quot;|Score
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Runners-Up
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Third Place
!width=&quot;10%&quot;|Score
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Fowert Place
|-
|[[1975 Copa América|1975]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Peru}}'''
|'''[[1975 Copa América#Finals|0 – 1 / 2 – 0]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Play-off&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[1975 Copa América#Final play-off|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|{{fb|Brazil|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Uruguay}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1979 Copa América|1979]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}'''
|'''[[1979 Copa América#Finals|3 – 0 / 0 – 1]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Play-off&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[1979 Copa América#Final play-off|0 – 0]] [[Owertime (sports)|a.e.t.]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb|Brazil|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Peru}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1983 Copa América|1983]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|[[1983 Copa América#Finals|'''2 – 0''' / '''1 – 1''']]
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}
|{{fb|Paraguay|1954}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Peru}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1987 Copa América|1987]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[1987 Copa América Final|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1987 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|-
|[[1989 Copa América|1989]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1968}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}'''
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1988}}
|-
|[[1991 Copa América|1991]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina}}'''
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|-
|[[1993 Copa América|1993]]
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina}}'''
|'''[[1993 Copa América Final|2 – 1]]'''
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1993 Copa América#Third-place match|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Ecuador}}
|-
|[[1995 Copa América|1995]]
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[1995 Copa América Final|1 – 1&lt;br /&gt;5–3]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1995 Copa América#Third-place match|4 – 1]]'''
|''{{fb-big|USA}}''
|-
|[[1997 Copa América|1997]]
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[1997 Copa América Final|3 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[1997 Copa América#Third-place match|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1999 Copa América|1999]]
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[1999 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[1999 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[2001 Copa América|2001]]
|{{flag|Colombie}}
|'''{{fb-big|Colombia}}'''
|'''[[2001 Copa América Final|1 – 0]]'''
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|''{{fb-big|Honduras}}''
|'''[[2001 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 2&lt;br /&gt;5–4]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[2004 Copa América|2004]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[2004 Copa América Final|2 – 2&lt;br /&gt;4–2]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|'''[[2004 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|-
|[[2007 Copa América|2007]]
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[2007 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[2007 Copa América#Third-place match|3 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[2011 Copa América|2011]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[2011 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|'''[[2011 Copa América final stages#Third-place match|4 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Venezuela}}
|-
|[[2015 Copa América|2015]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|Chile}}'''
|'''[[2015 Copa América Final|0 – 0&lt;br /&gt;4–1]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|'''[[2015 Copa América final stages#Third-place match|2 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay}}
|-
|[[Copa América Centenario|2016]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|'''{{fb-big|Chile}}'''
|'''[[Copa América Centenario Final|0 – 0&lt;br /&gt;4–2]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''1 – 0'''
|{{fb-big|United States}}
|-
|[[2019 Copa América|2019]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2023 Copa América|2023]]
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
* '''Key:'''
** Invitit teams in ''italics''
** pens – ''efter [[Penalty shuit-oot (association fitbaa)|penalty shuitoot]]''

{{clear}}

===Teams reachin the top fower===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=15%|Team
!width=22%|Winners
!width=21%|Runners-up
!width=21%|Third place
!width=21%|Fowert place
|-
|{{fb|URU}}
|15 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]] [[#1|*]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1923 South American Championship|1923]] [[#1|*]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]] [[#1|*]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]] [[#1|*]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]] [[#1|*]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]] , [[1967 South American Championship|1967]] [[#1|*]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]] [[#1|*]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|6 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]])
|9 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]])
|5 ([[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[2001 Copa América|2001]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|-
|{{fb|ARG}}
|14 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]] [[#1|*]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]] [[#1|*]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]] [[#1|*]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]] [[#1|*]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]] [[#1|*]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]] [[#1|*]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]])
|14 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]] [[#1|*]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]])
|4 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]])
|2 ([[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|BRA}}
|8 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]] [[#1|*]], [[1922 South American Championship|1922]] [[#1|*]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]] [[#1|*]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]] [[#1|*]], [[1997 Copa América|1997]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|11 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]])
|7 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]])
|3 ([[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]])
|-
|{{fb|PAR}}
|2 ([[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]])
|6 ([[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|7 ([[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]])
|7 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]])
|-
|{{fb|CHI}}
|2 ([[2015 Copa América|2015]] [[#1|*]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]])
|4 ([[1955 South American Championship|1955]] [[#1|*]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]])
|5 ([[1926 South American Championship|1926]] [[#1|*]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]] [[#1|*]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]] [[#1|*]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]] [[#1|*]])
|10 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]] [[#1|*]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]])
|-
|{{fb|PER}}
|2 ([[1939 South American Championship|1939]] [[#1|*]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]])
|align=center|—
|8 ([[1927 South American Championship|1927]] [[#1|*]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]] [[#1|*]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]], [[Copa América 2015|2015]])
|5 ([[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]] [[#1|*]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1997 Copa América|1997]])
|-
|{{fb|COL}}
|1 ([[2001 Copa América|2001]] [[#1|*]])
|1 ([[1975 Copa América|1975]])
|4 ([[1987 Copa América|1987]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]) 
|2 ([[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]])
|-
|{{fb|BOL}}
|1 ([[1963 South American Championship|1963]] [[#1|*]])
|1 ([[1997 Copa América|1997]] [[#1|*]])
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]])
|-
|{{fb|MEX}}^
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[2001 Copa América|2001]])
|3 ([[1997 Copa América|1997]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|align=center|—
|-
|{{fb|HON}}^
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|1 ([[2001 Copa América|2001]])
|align=center|—
|-
|{{fb|ECU}}
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]] [[#1|*]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|USA}}^
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|
|2 ([[1995 Copa América|1995]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|VEN}}
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|1 ([[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|}
:&lt;div id=&quot;1&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;=hosts''&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;div id=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;^&lt;/nowiki&gt;=invitees''&lt;/div&gt;
{{clear}}

[[File:Copa america trofeo.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Copa 100 (26454062733).jpg|thumb|]]
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Brazil nor Uruguay haes feenished in the tap fower (1993, 2015, 2016).
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Argentinae nor Brazil haes feenished in the tap fower (1939, 2001, 2011).
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Argentinae nor Uruguay feenish in the tap fower (1949, 1979, 1997).
* Aw Copa América toornaments held in Brazil an Uruguay hae been wan bi the host naition.

===General statistics===
{|cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f5faff; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;&quot; width=55%
|- align=center bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=50% colspan=2|Team
!width=5%|Po
!width=5%|Pl
!width=5%|W
!width=5%|D
!width=5%|L
!width=5%|GF
!width=5%|GA
!width=5%|GD
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|1
|align=left|{{fb|ARG}}
|'''364'''||173||111||31||31||422||166||+256
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|2
|align=left|{{fb|URU}}
|'''339'''||184||103||30||51||384||208||+176
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|3
|align=left|{{fb|BRA}}
|'''315'''||167||95||30||42||387||190||+197
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|4
|align=left|{{fb|PAR}}
|'''213'''||153||61||30||62||241||270||-29
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|5
|align=left|{{fb|CHI}}
|'''188'''||161||54||26||81||247||291||-44
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|6
|align=left|{{fb|PER}}
|'''169'''||132||46||31||55||193||220||-27
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|7
|align=left|{{fb|COL}}
|'''128'''||99||36||20||43||120||175||-55
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|8
|align=left|{{fb|BOL}}
|'''81'''||102||19||24||59||97||257||-160
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|9
|align=left|{{fb|MEX}}
|'''61'''||38||17||10||14||56||48||+8
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|10
|align=left|{{fb|ECU}}
|'''61'''||108||14||19||75||114||296||-182
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|11
|align=left|{{fb|VEN}}
|'''21'''||51||4||9||38||36||155||-120
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|12
|align=left|{{fb|CRC}}
|'''11'''||11||3||2||6||12||21||-9
|- align=right bgfdafgdacolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|13
|align=left|{{fb|HON}}
|'''10'''||6||3||1||2||7||5||+2
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|14
|align=left|{{fb|USA}}
|'''8'''||12||2||2||8||11||21||-10
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|15
|align=left|{{fb|JPN}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||3||8||-5
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Fuitnotes===
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
:A.&amp;nbsp;{{note|DC}}Anerly three teams entered the toornament.
:B.&amp;nbsp;{{note|3rd}}Nae third place match wis played; third place wis shared.
:C.&amp;nbsp;{{note|Trophy}}Thare wis nae trophy bein competit for in the 1916 toornament. It wis competit for the first time in the 1917 toornament.
:D.&amp;nbsp;{{note|extra}}The toornament wis a extra edeetion, wi nae trophy haundit tae the winners, but still conseidered offeecial bi CONMEBOL.
:E.&amp;nbsp;{{note|final}}Feenal stage wis a roond-robin group.
:F.&amp;nbsp;{{note|host}}Matches wur played in &quot;Hame - Awa&quot; basis.
&lt;/div&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Copa America}}
[[Category:Copa América| ]]
[[Category:CONMEBOL competeetions]]
[[Category:Recurrin events established in 1916]]
[[Category:Quadrennial sportin events]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921760</id>
      <parentid>921759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:05:26Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="27102" sha1="bz9dh60aaab500wo3bbnrf4g3vdrzjg" xml:space="preserve">{{Redirect|Copa America}}
{{infobox fitbaw tournament
|logo                 = Copa America wordmark.svg 
|founded              = {{Start date and age|1916}}
|number of teams      = 12
|region               = [[South America]] ([[CONMEBOL]])
|current champions    = {{nowrap|{{fb|BRA}} (9t teetle)}}
|most successful team = {{fb|Uruguay}} (15 teetles)
|website              = [http://www.ca2015.com/ 2015 Copa América]
}}
{{Infobox
|image1 = [[File:Uruguay fans celebrating CA title.jpg|230px]]
|caption1 = Uruguay fans celebratin [[2011 Copa América]] title
|bodyclass = hlist nowraplinks
|headerstyle = border-top: 1px solid #aaa
|header1 = Tournaments
|data2 = 
* [[1916 South American Championship|1916]]
* [[1917 South American Championship|1917]]
* [[1919 South American Championship|1919]]
* [[1920 South American Championship|1920]]
* [[1921 South American Championship|1921]]
* [[1922 South American Championship|1922]]
* [[1923 South American Championship|1923]]
* [[1924 South American Championship|1924]]
* [[1925 South American Championship|1925]]
* [[1926 South American Championship|1926]]
* [[1927 South American Championship|1927]]
* [[1929 South American Championship|1929]]
* [[1935 South American Championship|1935]]
* [[1937 South American Championship|1937]]
* [[1939 South American Championship|1939]]
* [[1941 South American Championship|1941]]
* [[1942 South American Championship|1942]]
* [[1945 South American Championship|1945]]
* [[1946 South American Championship|1946]]
* [[1947 South American Championship|1947]]
* [[1949 South American Championship|1949]]
* [[1953 South American Championship|1953]]
* [[1955 South American Championship|1955]]
* [[1956 South American Championship|1956]]
* [[1957 South American Championship|1957]]
* [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]]
* [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]]
* [[1963 South American Championship|1963]]
* [[1967 South American Championship|1967]]
* [[1975 Copa América|1975]]
* [[1979 Copa América|1979]]
* [[1983 Copa América|1983]]
* [[1987 Copa América|1987]]
* [[1989 Copa América|1989]]
* [[1991 Copa América|1991]]
* [[1993 Copa América|1993]]
* [[1995 Copa América|1995]]
* [[1997 Copa América|1997]]
* [[1999 Copa América|1999]]
* [[2001 Copa América|2001]]
* [[2004 Copa América|2004]]
* [[2007 Copa América|2007]]
* [[2011 Copa América|2011]]
* [[2015 Copa América|2015]]
* [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]
* [[2019 Copa América|2019]]
* ''[[2023 Copa América|2023]]''
}}
The '''Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América''', commonly kent as '''Copa América''' ([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] for &quot;Americae Cup&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|title=CONCACAF and CONMEBOL Announce Agreement to Bring Copa America 2016 to the United States|publisher=CONCACAF.com|date=May 1, 2014|access-date=2014-07-24|archive-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628021211/https://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[internaitional]] [[association fitbaa]] competeetion contestit atween the men's naitional fitbaa teams o [[CONMEBOL]], determinin the continental champion o [[Sooth Americae]]. It is the auldest internaitional continental fitbaa competeetion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world |title=The oldest continental tournament in the world |publisher=CONMEBOL.com |accessdate=3 April 2014 |archive-date=2014-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731003123/http://www.conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The current toornament format involves twal teams competin at venues in a host naition ower a period o aboot a month. The confederation haes anerly ten members, sae naitional teams fae ither FIFA confederations are invitit tae fill the ither 2 places; [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]], [[Mexico naitional fitbaa team|Mexico]] an the [[Unitit States men's naitional soccer team|Unitit States]] hae been regular syne bein invitit for the first time in 1993. In 43 toornaments, seiven naitional teams hae wan the title. [[Uruguay naitional fitbaa team|Uruguay]] is the maist sonsie team in the toornament, haein wan it fifteen times.

The Copa América is ane o the maist prestigious an maist widely viewed sportin events in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=50 Reasons Why World Football Is the Best and Biggest Sport in the World|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/544688-50-reasons-why-world-football-is-the-best-and-biggest-sport-in-the-world/page/11|accessdate=29 June 2014|publisher=Bleacher Report|date=16 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The heichest feenishin member o CONMEBOL haes the richt tae pairticipate in the next edition o the [[FIFA Confederations Cup]], but isna obleeged tae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/news/newsid=95756/index.html |title=2005/2006 season: final worldwide matchday to be 14 May 2006 |publisher=FIFA.com |date=19 December 2004 |accessdate=3 April 2012 |archive-date=2015-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426221112/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/news/newsid=95756/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Results==
===Sooth American Championship era===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot;|Year
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;12%&quot;|Host
!colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Feenal Toornament Results
|-
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Winners
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Runners-Up
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Third Place
!width=&quot;20%&quot;|Fowert Place
|-
|[[1916 South American Championship|1916]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|Trophy|C|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1917 South American Championship|1917]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1919 South American Championship|1919]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1920 South American Championship|1920]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1921 South American Championship|1921]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1922 South American Championship|1922]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|-
|[[1923 South American Championship|1923]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|-
|[[1924 South American Championship|1924]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1925 South American Championship|1925]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|DC|A|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|'''N/A'''
|-
|[[1926 South American Championship|1926]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1927 South American Championship|1927]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|-
|[[1929 South American Championship|1929]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|-
|[[1935 South American Championship|1935]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1937 South American Championship|1937]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1939 South American Championship|1939]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1941 South American Championship|1941]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|-
|[[1942 South American Championship|1942]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|-
|[[1945 South American Championship|1945]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1946 South American Championship|1946]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1947 South American Championship|1947]]
|{{ECU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1949 South American Championship|1949]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}
|{{fb-big|Peru|1825}}
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|-
|[[1953 South American Championship|1953]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Paraguay|1842}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[1955 South American Championship|1955]]
|{{CHI}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[1956 South American Championship|1956]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|-
|[[1957 South American Championship|1957]]
|{{PER}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]]
|{{ARG}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Ref label|extra|D|}}
|{{ECU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1889}}
|{{fb-big|Ecuador}}
|-
|[[1963 South American Championship|1963]]
|{{BOL}}
|'''{{fb-big|Bolivia}}'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1960}}
|-
|[[1967 South American Championship|1967]]
|{{URU}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina|alt}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}
|}

===Copa América era===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;5%&quot;|Year
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;12%&quot;|Host
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Final
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Third place match
|-
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Winners
!width=&quot;10%&quot;|Score
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Runners-Up
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Third Place
!width=&quot;10%&quot;|Score
!width=&quot;15%&quot;|Fowert Place
|-
|[[1975 Copa América|1975]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Peru}}'''
|'''[[1975 Copa América#Finals|0 – 1 / 2 – 0]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Play-off&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[1975 Copa América#Final play-off|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|{{fb|Brazil|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Uruguay}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1979 Copa América|1979]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Paraguay|1954}}'''
|'''[[1979 Copa América#Finals|3 – 0 / 0 – 1]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Play-off&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[1979 Copa América#Final play-off|0 – 0]] [[Owertime (sports)|a.e.t.]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb|Brazil|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Peru}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1983 Copa América|1983]]
|[[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|20px]] Nae fixed host {{Ref label|host|F|}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|[[1983 Copa América#Finals|'''2 – 0''' / '''1 – 1''']]
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}
|{{fb|Paraguay|1954}}&lt;br /&gt;{{fb|Peru}}
|colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''N/A''' {{Ref label|3rd|B|}}
|-
|[[1987 Copa América|1987]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[1987 Copa América Final|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1987 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|-
|[[1989 Copa América|1989]]
|{{Flag|Brazil|1968}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}'''
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Paraguay|1988}}
|-
|[[1991 Copa América|1991]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina}}'''
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Brazil|1968}}
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|{{Ref label|final|E|}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|-
|[[1993 Copa América|1993]]
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|'''{{fb-big|Argentina}}'''
|'''[[1993 Copa América Final|2 – 1]]'''
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1993 Copa América#Third-place match|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Ecuador}}
|-
|[[1995 Copa América|1995]]
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[1995 Copa América Final|1 – 1&lt;br /&gt;5–3]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Brazil}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''[[1995 Copa América#Third-place match|4 – 1]]'''
|''{{fb-big|USA}}''
|-
|[[1997 Copa América|1997]]
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[1997 Copa América Final|3 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Bolivia}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[1997 Copa América#Third-place match|1 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|-
|[[1999 Copa América|1999]]
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[1999 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[1999 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Chile}}
|-
|[[2001 Copa América|2001]]
|{{flag|Colombie}}
|'''{{fb-big|Colombia}}'''
|'''[[2001 Copa América Final|1 – 0]]'''
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|''{{fb-big|Honduras}}''
|'''[[2001 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 2&lt;br /&gt;5–4]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[2004 Copa América|2004]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[2004 Copa América Final|2 – 2&lt;br /&gt;4–2]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|'''[[2004 Copa América#Third-place match|2 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|-
|[[2007 Copa América|2007]]
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|'''{{fb-big|Brazil}}'''
|'''[[2007 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|''{{fb-big|Mexico}}''
|'''[[2007 Copa América#Third-place match|3 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Uruguay}}
|-
|[[2011 Copa América|2011]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|Uruguay}}'''
|'''[[2011 Copa América Final|3 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|'''[[2011 Copa América final stages#Third-place match|4 – 1]]'''
|{{fb-big|Venezuela}}
|-
|[[2015 Copa América|2015]]
|{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|Chile}}'''
|'''[[2015 Copa América Final|0 – 0&lt;br /&gt;4–1]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Peru}}
|'''[[2015 Copa América final stages#Third-place match|2 – 0]]'''
|{{fb-big|Paraguay}}
|-
|[[Copa América Centenario|2016]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|'''{{fb-big|Chile}}'''
|'''[[Copa América Centenario Final|0 – 0&lt;br /&gt;4–2]] [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pens]]'''
|{{fb-big|Argentina}}
|{{fb-big|Colombia}}
|'''1 – 0'''
|{{fb-big|United States}}
|-
|[[2019 Copa América|2019]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[2023 Copa América|2023]]
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
* '''Key:'''
** Invitit teams in ''italics''
** pens – ''efter [[Penalty shuit-oot (association fitbaa)|penalty shuitoot]]''

{{clear}}

===Teams reachin the top fower===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!width=15%|Team
!width=22%|Winners
!width=21%|Runners-up
!width=21%|Third place
!width=21%|Fowert place
|-
|{{fb|URU}}
|15 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]] [[#1|*]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1923 South American Championship|1923]] [[#1|*]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]] [[#1|*]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]] [[#1|*]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]] [[#1|*]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]] , [[1967 South American Championship|1967]] [[#1|*]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]] [[#1|*]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|6 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]])
|9 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]])
|5 ([[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[2001 Copa América|2001]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|-
|{{fb|ARG}}
|14 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]] [[#1|*]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]] [[#1|*]], [[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]] [[#1|*]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]] [[#1|*]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]] [[#1|*]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]] [[#1|*]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]])
|14 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]] [[#1|*]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]])
|4 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]])
|2 ([[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|BRA}}
|8 ([[1919 South American Championship|1919]] [[#1|*]], [[1922 South American Championship|1922]] [[#1|*]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]] [[#1|*]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]] [[#1|*]], [[1997 Copa América|1997]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|11 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]])
|7 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]])
|3 ([[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]])
|-
|{{fb|PAR}}
|2 ([[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]])
|6 ([[1922 South American Championship|1922]], [[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]], [[1963 South American Championship|1963]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|7 ([[1923 South American Championship|1923]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1925 South American Championship|1925]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1946 South American Championship|1946]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]])
|7 ([[1921 South American Championship|1921]], [[1926 South American Championship|1926]], [[1937 South American Championship|1937]], [[1942 South American Championship|1942]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[1989 Copa América|1989]], [[2015 Copa América|2015]])
|-
|{{fb|CHI}}
|2 ([[2015 Copa América|2015]] [[#1|*]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]])
|4 ([[1955 South American Championship|1955]] [[#1|*]], [[1956 South American Championship|1956]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]], [[1987 Copa América|1987]])
|5 ([[1926 South American Championship|1926]] [[#1|*]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]] [[#1|*]], [[1945 South American Championship|1945]] [[#1|*]], [[1967 South American Championship|1967]], [[1991 Copa América|1991]] [[#1|*]])
|10 ([[1916 South American Championship|1916]], [[1917 South American Championship|1917]], [[1919 South American Championship|1919]], [[1920 South American Championship|1920]] [[#1|*]], [[1924 South American Championship|1924]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]], [[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1947 South American Championship|1947]], [[1953 South American Championship|1953]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]])
|-
|{{fb|PER}}
|2 ([[1939 South American Championship|1939]] [[#1|*]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]])
|align=center|—
|8 ([[1927 South American Championship|1927]] [[#1|*]], [[1935 South American Championship|1935]] [[#1|*]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]], [[1955 South American Championship|1955]], [[1979 Copa América|1979]], [[1983 Copa América|1983]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]], [[Copa América 2015|2015]])
|5 ([[1929 South American Championship|1929]], [[1941 South American Championship|1941]], [[1957 South American Championship|1957]] [[#1|*]], [[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959 (Argentina)]], [[1997 Copa América|1997]])
|-
|{{fb|COL}}
|1 ([[2001 Copa América|2001]] [[#1|*]])
|1 ([[1975 Copa América|1975]])
|4 ([[1987 Copa América|1987]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[1995 Copa América|1995]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]) 
|2 ([[1991 Copa América|1991]], [[2004 Copa América|2004]])
|-
|{{fb|BOL}}
|1 ([[1963 South American Championship|1963]] [[#1|*]])
|1 ([[1997 Copa América|1997]] [[#1|*]])
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1927 South American Championship|1927]], [[1949 South American Championship|1949]])
|-
|{{fb|MEX}}^
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1993 Copa América|1993]], [[2001 Copa América|2001]])
|3 ([[1997 Copa América|1997]], [[1999 Copa América|1999]], [[2007 Copa América|2007]])
|align=center|—
|-
|{{fb|HON}}^
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|1 ([[2001 Copa América|2001]])
|align=center|—
|-
|{{fb|ECU}}
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|2 ([[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959 (Ecuador)]] [[#1|*]], [[1993 Copa América|1993]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|USA}}^
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|
|2 ([[1995 Copa América|1995]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]] [[#1|*]])
|-
|{{fb|VEN}}
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|1 ([[2011 Copa América|2011]])
|}
:&lt;div id=&quot;1&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;=hosts''&lt;/div&gt;
:&lt;div id=&quot;2&quot;&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;^&lt;/nowiki&gt;=invitees''&lt;/div&gt;
{{clear}}

[[File:Copa america trofeo.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Copa 100 (26454062733).jpg|thumb|]]
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Brazil nor Uruguay haes feenished in the tap fower (1993, 2015, 2016).
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Argentinae nor Brazil haes feenished in the tap fower (1939, 2001, 2011).
* Thare hae been anerly 3 edeetions whaur neither Argentinae nor Uruguay feenish in the tap fower (1949, 1979, 1997).
* Aw Copa América toornaments held in Brazil an Uruguay hae been wan bi the host naition.

===General statistics===
{|cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: #f5faff; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;&quot; width=55%
|- align=center bgcolor=#006699 style=&quot;color:white;&quot;
!width=50% colspan=2|Team
!width=5%|Po
!width=5%|Pl
!width=5%|W
!width=5%|D
!width=5%|L
!width=5%|GF
!width=5%|GA
!width=5%|GD
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|1
|align=left|{{fb|ARG}}
|'''364'''||173||111||31||31||422||166||+256
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|2
|align=left|{{fb|URU}}
|'''339'''||184||103||30||51||384||208||+176
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|3
|align=left|{{fb|BRA}}
|'''315'''||167||95||30||42||387||190||+197
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|4
|align=left|{{fb|PAR}}
|'''213'''||153||61||30||62||241||270||-29
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|5
|align=left|{{fb|CHI}}
|'''188'''||161||54||26||81||247||291||-44
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|6
|align=left|{{fb|PER}}
|'''169'''||132||46||31||55||193||220||-27
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|7
|align=left|{{fb|COL}}
|'''128'''||99||36||20||43||120||175||-55
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|8
|align=left|{{fb|BOL}}
|'''81'''||102||19||24||59||97||257||-160
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|9
|align=left|{{fb|MEX}}
|'''61'''||38||17||10||14||56||48||+8
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|10
|align=left|{{fb|ECU}}
|'''61'''||108||14||19||75||114||296||-182
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|11
|align=left|{{fb|VEN}}
|'''21'''||51||4||9||38||36||155||-120
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|12
|align=left|{{fb|CRC}}
|'''11'''||11||3||2||6||12||21||-9
|- align=right bgfdafgdacolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|13
|align=left|{{fb|HON}}
|'''10'''||6||3||1||2||7||5||+2
|- align=right bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center|14
|align=left|{{fb|USA}}
|'''8'''||12||2||2||8||11||21||-10
|- align=right bgcolor=#F5FAFF
!align=center|15
|align=left|{{fb|JPN}}
|'''1'''||3||0||1||2||3||8||-5
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Fuitnotes===
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
:A.&amp;nbsp;{{note|DC}}Anerly three teams entered the toornament.
:B.&amp;nbsp;{{note|3rd}}Nae third place match wis played; third place wis shared.
:C.&amp;nbsp;{{note|Trophy}}Thare wis nae trophy bein competit for in the 1916 toornament. It wis competit for the first time in the 1917 toornament.
:D.&amp;nbsp;{{note|extra}}The toornament wis a extra edeetion, wi nae trophy haundit tae the winners, but still conseidered offeecial bi CONMEBOL.
:E.&amp;nbsp;{{note|final}}Feenal stage wis a roond-robin group.
:F.&amp;nbsp;{{note|host}}Matches wur played in &quot;Hame - Awa&quot; basis.
&lt;/div&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Copa America}}
[[Category:Copa América| ]]
[[Category:CONMEBOL competeetions]]
[[Category:Recurrin events established in 1916]]
[[Category:Quadrennial sportin events]]</text>
      <sha1>bz9dh60aaab500wo3bbnrf4g3vdrzjg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mexico Ceety Internaitional Airport</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921640</id>
      <parentid>892377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:35:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5294" sha1="h6lrt71mcy9tfqmmllw861z0k2771a1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox airport
| name = Mexico Ceety Internaitional Airport
| nativename = Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México
| image =Terminal 2, Mexico City International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México) Feb 2021.jpg 
| image-width = 200px
| image2 = 
| image2-width = 250px
| caption2 = 
| IATA = MEX
| ICAO = MMMX
| type = Public
| owner = Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México
| operator = [[Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares]]
| city-served = Mexico Ceety, Mexico
| location = [[Venustiano Carranza, D.F.]]
| hub =
&lt;div&gt;
Passenger
*[[Aeromar]]
*[[Aeroméxico]]
*[[Aeroméxico Connect]]
*[[Interjet]]
*[[Magnicharters]]
*[[Volaris]]

Cargo
*[[AeroUnion]]
*[[MasAir]]

&lt;/div&gt;
| focus_city =
&lt;div&gt;
Passenger
*[[Viva Aerobus]]

Cargo
*[[Air France|Air France Cargo]]
&lt;/div&gt;
| elevation-f = 7,316
| coordinates = {{coord|19|26|10|N|099|04|19|W|region:MX-DIF|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Mexico Mexico City
| pushpin_label = MEX
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mexico City
| metric-rwy = y
| r1-number = 05R/23L
| r1-length-m = 3,900
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number = 05L/23R
| r2-length-m = 3,952
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| website = {{URL|http://www.aicm.com.mx}}
| stat-year = July '13 - June '14
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data =  401,602 &lt;br&gt;{{increase}} 4.49%
| stat2-header = Passengers
| stat2-data = 32,934,537 &lt;br&gt;{{increase}} 8.83%
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data = 380,275.19 &lt;br&gt;{{decrease}} 1.52%
| stat4-header = Economic &amp; social impact (2012)
| stat4-data   = {{nowrap|$4.4 billion &amp; 187.9 thousand&lt;ref name=MEX_ESI&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ecquants.com/2012_MEX.aspx |title=Benito Juárez International airport - Economic and social impacts |publisher=Ecquants |accessdate=September 7, 2013 |archive-date=2014-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031075455/http://www.ecquants.com/2012_MEX.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
| footnotes = Source: [[DAFIF]]&lt;ref name=WAD&gt;{{WAD|MMMX|source=[[DAFIF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=GCM&gt;{{GCM|MEX|source=[[DAFIF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; Statistics: Airport website,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.aicm.com.mx/acercadelaicm_en/Estadisticas/ | title=Airport official website | publisher=AICM | access-date=2014-07-29 | archive-date=2009-07-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704014134/http://www.aicm.com.mx/acercadelaicm_en/Estadisticas/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Mexico Ceety Internaitional Airport''' ({{lang-es|link=yes|Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México, AICM}}), offeecially ''Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez'' ({{lang-sco|''Benito Juárez Internaitional Airport''}}), {{Airport codes|MEX|MMMX}} is a commercial airport that serves [[Mexico Ceety]], the caipital an biggest ceety in Mexico. It is Mexico's [[Leet o the busiest airports in Mexico|busiest airport]] bi baith passenger traffec an aircraft muivements an is Laitin Americae's seicont busiest airport bi passenger traffec efter [[São Paulo-Guarulhos Internaitional Airport|Guarulhos Airport]] in São Paulo, Brazil. An aw is the busiest airport bi aircraft muivements. Awtho Juárez wis no its offeecial name for several decades, it wis formally namit efter the 19t century preses [[Benito Juárez]] in 2006, an is Mexico's main domestic gatewey. The airport sustains 35,000 jobs directly an aroond 15,000 indirectly in the immediate aurie. The airport is awned bi Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México an operatit bi [[Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares]], the [[govrenment-awned corporation]], which operates 22 ither airports throuoot Mexico an aw.&lt;ref name=ASA&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www.asa.gob.mx/swb/ASA/Aeropuertos_red_ASA
  |title=ASA's airport network (In Spanish)
  |publisher=ASA
  |date=July 2014
  |accessdate=2014-07-28
  |format=
  |archive-date=2014-07-26
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726181541/http://www.asa.gob.mx/swb/ASA/Aeropuertos_red_ASA
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt; In recent years [[Lic. Adolfo López Mateos Internaitional Airport|Toluca Airport]] haes become a alternate airport.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Mexico City International Airport}}
*[http://www.aicm.com.mx/home_en.php Mexico City International Airport] ([http://www.aicm.com.mx/flash/menu_en.swf Menu]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})
*[http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/asa Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016052752/http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/asa |date=2007-10-16 }} {{es icon}}
*[http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/videos_t2 New Terminal 2 Video] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303151133/http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/videos_t2 |date=2009-03-03 }} {{es icon}}
* [http://www.mexico-city-mex.airports-guides.com/ Information about Mexico City Airport]
* [http://www.taxisdelaeropuerto.mx/ Taxis Nueva Imagen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219223713/http://www.taxisdelaeropuerto.mx/ |date=2011-12-19 }} Mexico City Airport taxis.
*{{ASN|MEX}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Benito Juarez Internaitional Airport}}
[[Category:Airports in Mexico]]
[[Category:WAAS reference stations]]
[[Category:Transportation in Mexico Ceety]]</text>
      <sha1>h6lrt71mcy9tfqmmllw861z0k2771a1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921764</id>
      <parentid>921640</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:19:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921764</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5268" sha1="r7ng81uerxnqj13ns3m876vltqipq37" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox airport
| name = Mexico Ceety Internaitional Airport
| nativename = Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México
| image =Terminal 2, Mexico City International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México) Feb 2021.jpg 
| image-width = 200px
| image2-width = 250px
| IATA = MEX
| ICAO = MMMX
| type = Public
| owner = Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México
| operator = [[Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares]]
| city-served = Mexico Ceety, Mexico
| location = [[Venustiano Carranza, D.F.]]
| hub =
&lt;div&gt;
Passenger
*[[Aeromar]]
*[[Aeroméxico]]
*[[Aeroméxico Connect]]
*[[Interjet]]
*[[Magnicharters]]
*[[Volaris]]

Cargo
*[[AeroUnion]]
*[[MasAir]]

&lt;/div&gt;
| focus_city =
&lt;div&gt;
Passenger
*[[Viva Aerobus]]

Cargo
*[[Air France|Air France Cargo]]
&lt;/div&gt;
| elevation-f = 7,316
| coordinates = {{coord|19|26|10|N|099|04|19|W|region:MX-DIF|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Mexico Mexico City
| pushpin_label = MEX
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mexico City
| metric-rwy = y
| r1-number = 05R/23L
| r1-length-m = 3,900
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number = 05L/23R
| r2-length-m = 3,952
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| website = {{URL|http://www.aicm.com.mx}}
| stat-year = July '13 - June '14
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data =  401,602 &lt;br&gt;{{increase}} 4.49%
| stat2-header = Passengers
| stat2-data = 32,934,537 &lt;br&gt;{{increase}} 8.83%
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data = 380,275.19 &lt;br&gt;{{decrease}} 1.52%
| stat4-header = Economic &amp; social impact (2012)
| stat4-data   = {{nowrap|$4.4 billion &amp; 187.9 thousand&lt;ref name=MEX_ESI&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ecquants.com/2012_MEX.aspx |title=Benito Juárez International airport - Economic and social impacts |publisher=Ecquants |accessdate=September 7, 2013 |archive-date=2014-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031075455/http://www.ecquants.com/2012_MEX.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
| footnotes = Source: [[DAFIF]]&lt;ref name=WAD&gt;{{WAD|MMMX|source=[[DAFIF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=GCM&gt;{{GCM|MEX|source=[[DAFIF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; Statistics: Airport website,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.aicm.com.mx/acercadelaicm_en/Estadisticas/ | title=Airport official website | publisher=AICM | access-date=2014-07-29 | archive-date=2009-07-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704014134/http://www.aicm.com.mx/acercadelaicm_en/Estadisticas/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Mexico Ceety Internaitional Airport''' ({{lang-es|link=yes|Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México, AICM}}), offeecially ''Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez'' ({{lang-sco|''Benito Juárez Internaitional Airport''}}), {{Airport codes|MEX|MMMX}} is a commercial airport that serves [[Mexico Ceety]], the caipital an biggest ceety in Mexico. It is Mexico's [[Leet o the busiest airports in Mexico|busiest airport]] bi baith passenger traffec an aircraft muivements an is Laitin Americae's seicont busiest airport bi passenger traffec efter [[São Paulo-Guarulhos Internaitional Airport|Guarulhos Airport]] in São Paulo, Brazil. An aw is the busiest airport bi aircraft muivements. Awtho Juárez wis no its offeecial name for several decades, it wis formally namit efter the 19t century preses [[Benito Juárez]] in 2006, an is Mexico's main domestic gatewey. The airport sustains 35,000 jobs directly an aroond 15,000 indirectly in the immediate aurie. The airport is awned bi Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México an operatit bi [[Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares]], the [[govrenment-awned corporation]], which operates 22 ither airports throuoot Mexico an aw.&lt;ref name=ASA&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www.asa.gob.mx/swb/ASA/Aeropuertos_red_ASA
  |title=ASA's airport network (In Spanish)
  |publisher=ASA
  |date=July 2014
  |accessdate=2014-07-28
  |format=
  |archive-date=2014-07-26
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726181541/http://www.asa.gob.mx/swb/ASA/Aeropuertos_red_ASA
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt; In recent years [[Lic. Adolfo López Mateos Internaitional Airport|Toluca Airport]] haes become a alternate airport.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Mexico City International Airport}}
*[http://www.aicm.com.mx/home_en.php Mexico City International Airport] ([http://www.aicm.com.mx/flash/menu_en.swf Menu]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})
*[http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/asa Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016052752/http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/asa |date=2007-10-16 }} {{es icon}}
*[http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/videos_t2 New Terminal 2 Video] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303151133/http://www.asa.gob.mx/wb/webasa/videos_t2 |date=2009-03-03 }} {{es icon}}
* [http://www.mexico-city-mex.airports-guides.com/ Information about Mexico City Airport]
* [http://www.taxisdelaeropuerto.mx/ Taxis Nueva Imagen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219223713/http://www.taxisdelaeropuerto.mx/ |date=2011-12-19 }} Mexico City Airport taxis.
*{{ASN|MEX}}

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  <page>
    <title>Jesé</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:43:10Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="26866" sha1="rnhmxm5xmfjes97r16jxhqtuvd6nha0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jesé
| fullname = Jesé Rodríguez Ruiz
| image = Jesé Rodríguez (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Jesé playin for [[Spain naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Spain U19]] in 2012
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|2|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Las Palmas]], Spain
| height = {{convert|1.78|m|abbr=on}}
| position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Forrit]]
| currentclub    = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
| clubnumber     = 
| youthyears1 = 2003–2005 | youthclubs1 = El Pilar FC
| youthyears2 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs2 = [[AD Huracán|Huracán]]
| youthyears3 = 2007–2011 | youthclubs3 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]
| years1 = 2011–2013 | clubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid B]] | caps1 = 80 | goals1 = 32
| years2         = 2011–2016 | clubs2 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]                  | caps2 = 63 | goals2 = 13
| years3         = 2016–     | clubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]  | caps3 = 9  | goals3 = 1
| years4         = 2017      | clubs4 = → [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] (lend)             | caps4 = 16 | goals4 = 3
| years5         = 2017–2018 | clubs5 = → [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] (lend)           | caps5 = 13 | goals5 = 1
| nationalyears1 = 2009 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|Spain U16]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2010 | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Spain U17]] | nationalcaps2 = 7 | nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2011 | nationalteam3 = [[Spain naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Spain U18]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 | nationalgoals3 = 1
| nationalyears4 = 2010–2012 | nationalteam4 = [[Spain naitional unner-19 footbaa team|Spain U19]] | nationalcaps4 = 11 | nationalgoals4 = 6
| nationalyears5 = 2013 | nationalteam5 = [[Spain naitional unner-20 footbaa team|Spain U20]] | nationalcaps5 = 8 | nationalgoals5 = 5
| nationalyears6 = 2013–2014 | nationalteam6 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 footbaa team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps6 = 5 | nationalgoals6 = 2
| pcupdate       = 23:11, 17 Mairch 2018 (UTC)
| ntupdate       = 9 October 2016
}}
{{Spanish name|Rodríguez|Ruiz}}
'''Jesé Rodríguez Ruiz''' (born 26 Februar 1993), simply kent as '''Jesé''' ({{IPA-es|xeˈse}}), is a Spainyie [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]] who plays for [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|forward]].

A youth product o Real Madrid, he made his senior debuts wi the club in 2011 an wis promotit tae the first team for the Real Madrid C.F. 2013–14 saison.

==Club career==

===Real Madrid===

====Youth====
Jesé wis born in [[Las Palmas]], [[Canary Islands]], an jyned [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]'s youth seestem in 2007, agit 14.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marca.com/2010/12/03/opinion/firmas/zona_real_madrid/1291393025.html El Cristiano de Valdebebas (The 'Cristiano' of Valdebebas)]; [[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]], 3 December 2010 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.canarias7.es/articulo.cfm?id=195640 Jesé Rodríguez, la perla del Madrid (Jesé Rodríguez, Madrid's pearl)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165759/http://www.canarias7.es/articulo.cfm?id=195640 |date=2016-03-03 }}; Canarias7, 28 December 2010 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Still a junior, on 16 Januar 2011, he made his senior debut wi [[Real Madrid Castilla|the reserves]] in [[Segunda División B]], in a 5–0 hame win against [[Universidad de Las Palmas CF]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marca.com/2011/01/16/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1295198191.html Jesé debuta en el Castilla con un detalle a lo Ronaldo (Jesé makes debut with Castilla with Ronaldo-like detail)]; Marca, 16 January 2011 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Efter a successful 2010–11 saison wi Real Madrid's ''Juvenil A'' team that saw him score 17 goals, Jesé wis promotit tae the reserve team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/03/01/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1299006770.html|title=El Madrid ata a Jesé Rodríguez|trans_title=Madrid ties Jesé Rodríguez|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=1 March 2011|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Castilla====
In Julie 2011, Jesé wis cried up bi first-team manager [[José Mourinho]] for the pre-saison tour. He made his unoffeecial debut wi the main squad in a [[Exhibition game|friendly]] against [[Los Angeles Galaxy]] on the 17t, [[Substitute (association fitbaw)|comin on]] in the 64t minute for [[José Callejón]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330062741086/noticia/Cronica/LA_Galaxy_1-4_Real_Madrid.htm LA Galaxy 1–4 Real Madrid]; Real Madrid's official website, 17 July 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé scored his first offeecial goal for Castilla on 2 October 2011 against [[La Roda CF]], follaein a [[Assist (fitbaw)|assist]] bi [[Álvaro Morata]], in a eventual 2–4 awa loss. On 6 Dizember, he wis includit in the squad for a awa [[UEFA Champions League]] fixtur against [[AFC Ajax]], but eventually did no leave the bench in the 3–0 group stage win;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/1193040472416/1330074328748/noticia/Convocatoria/Mourinho_convoca_a_19_jugadores_para_el_partido_ante_el_Ajax.htm?utm_source=dlvr.it&amp;utm_medium=twitter Mourinho convoca a 19 jugadores para el partido ante el Ajax (Mourinho calls 19 players for game against Ajax)]; Real Madrid's official website, 6 December 2011 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; sax days later, he wis ance again includit in the leet (17 players) for the gemme against [[SD Ponferradina]] for the first roond o the [[Copa del Rey]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330074969114/noticia/Convocatoria/Mourinho_calls_17_men_for_duty_against_Ponferradina.htm Mourinho calls 17 men for duty against Ponferradina]; Real Madrid's official website, 12 December 2011&lt;/ref&gt; an replacit [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] for the feenal 15 minutes of a 2–0 awa triumph.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marca.com/2011/12/14/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1323818247.html Jesé, un sueño cumplido (Jesé, fulfilled dream)]; Marca, 13 December 2011 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 24 Mairch 2012, Jesé made his first [[La Liga]] appearance again comin on for Ronaldo, for the last ten minutes o a 5–1 hame win ower [[Real Sociedad]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report/_/id/323765?cc=5739 Real return to winning ways]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [[ESPN Soccernet]], 24 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt; In late October, Mourinho said creetically that he wis bein uised at Castilla in a position that did no exist in the main squad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1208403/jose-mourinho-questions-real-madrid%27s-youth-system?cc=5739|title=Jose Mourinho questions Real Madrid's youth system|publisher=ESPN FC|date=31 October 2012|accessdate=20 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twa month later Ginés Carvajal, his agent, said that they wad need tae study options for the player's futur if he wis no permanently promotit tae the first team the follaein year, wi the guarantee he wad receive significant playin time;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2012/12/29/en/football/real_madrid/1356813486.html|title=Jesé wants Mou to give him a chance|publisher=Marca|date=29 December 2012|accessdate=25 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; in Februar 2013 Jesé statit he wis confident he wis doin well enough tae be grantit an opportunity,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/02/20/en/football/real_madrid/1361344773.html|title=Jesé: &quot;I don't understand why they don't give me an opportunity&quot;|publisher=Marca|date=20 February 2013|accessdate=21 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story?id=1346912&amp;cc=5739|title=Lack of Real chances may force Jese exit|publisher=ESPN FC|date=20 February 2013|accessdate=20 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi B-side coach [[Alberto Toril]] later comin oot in his defense, sayin that he shoud learn tae control his emotions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/english/articulo/alberto-toril-jese-must-learn/20130224dasdenspo_12/Ten|title=Alberto Toril: &quot;Jesé must learn to keep his mouth shut&quot;|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=24 February 2013|accessdate=13 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/02/25/en/football/real_madrid/1361778430.html|title=Jesé's back-up|publisher=Marca|date=25 February 2013|accessdate=13 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mey 2013, Madrid preses [[Florentino Pérez]] statit that sportin director [[Zinedine Zidane]] did no think that Jesé haed tae leave on loan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadridnews.com/florentino-perez-zidane-lead-real-madrid/|title=Florentino Perez: 'Zidane will lead the next Real Madrid project’|publisher=Real Madrid News|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=28 May 2013|archive-date=2019-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029034724/http://www.realmadridnews.com/florentino-perez-zidane-lead-real-madrid-1689|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/05/30/en/football/real_madrid/1369896712.html|title=Jesé puts trust in Zidane to let him stay|publisher=Marca|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=30 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 2 Juin, he scored a solo goal in a 4–0 hame win against [[AD Alcorcón]] – wi that goal, he breuk the record for maist goals in a single saison at Castilla, set bi [[Emilio Butragueño]] in 1983–84 wi 21&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/05/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1370444156.html|title=Jesé: &quot;Superar los 21 goles de un mito como Butragueño es muy grande&quot;
|trans_title=Jesé: &quot;To surpass the 21 goals of a legend like Butragueño is a big thing&quot;|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=5 June 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;– which brocht him praise frae several quadrants,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/03/en/football/real_madrid/1370249450.html|title=Jesé: the Galáctico on Real's doorstep|publisher=Marca|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=3 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.defensacentral.com/real_madrid/87404-liga-segunda-division-alcorcon-morata-jese-casemiro-florentino/|title=Jesé y su golazo, una rúbrica perfecta|trans_title=Jesé and his wondergoal, perfect icing|publisher=Defensa Central|language=Spanish|date=2 June 2013|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an he later statit he wantit tae remain at the club,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/18/en/football/real_madrid/1371544712.html|title=Jesé: &quot;I hope to stay at Real Madrid&quot;|publisher=Marca|date=18 June 2013|accessdate=18 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; which wis backit bi coach Toril.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/03/en/football/real_madrid/1370285166.html|title=Toril backs Jesé's leap to first team|publisher=Marca|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====First team====
While at the 2013 FIFA U-20 Warld Cup, Jesé admittit that he coud be on the muive frae Real Madrid efter seein first-team opportunities restrictit. The club's technical director, [[Miguel Pardeza]], clarifee'd on 13 Julie that the player wad remain at the club,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11675/8824111/Transfer-news-Real-Madrid-rule-out-Jese-departure |title=Real Madrid rule out Jese departure|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|date=14 July 2013|accessdate=23 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an he extendit his contract for a further fower years late in the same month.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/Actualidad_Primer_Equipo_en/News/1193040523950/1330155292256/noticia/ComunicadoOficial/Official_Announcement_2013-07-24.htm|title=Official announcement|publisher=Real Madrid's official website|date=24 July 2013|accessdate=24 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé made his Champions League debut on 2 October 2013, comin on as a 81st-minute substitute in a 4–0 hame victory ower [[F.C. Copenhagen]] for the group stage.&lt;ref&gt;[http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/380761/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;cc=5739 Ronaldo leads Real recovery]; ESPN FC, 2 October 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/Actualidad_Primer_Equipo_en/1380637307438/noticia/Noticia/Jese:_%E2%80%9CWe%E2%80%99ve_played_a_great_game_and_we%E2%80%99re_going_away_happy%E2%80%9D.htm Jesé: “We’ve played a great game and we’re going away happy”]; Real Madrid's official website, 2 October 2013&lt;/ref&gt; He scored his first competitive goal for Real Madrid in his first [[El Clásico]] appearance on the 26t o October, nettin frae a Ronaldo assist follaein a injury-time coonter-attack in a 1–2 loss at [[FC Barcelona]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/373124/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;cc=5739|title=Alexis chips seals Clasico win|publisher=ESPN FC|date=26 October 2013|accessdate=26 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 23 November 2013, Jesé came on as a seicont-hauf substitute against [[UD Almería]] an contributit wi his first twa assists for the first team, in a 5–0 awa win.&lt;ref&gt;[http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/373084/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;cc=5739 Ronaldo injured in Real rout]; ESPN FC, 23 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt; His seicont goal came nearly ane month later, nettin the 3–2 winner at [[Valencia CF]] wi aicht minutes tae go;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/en/report/373053/report.html?soccernet=true|title=Jese bags late winner for Real|publisher=ESPN FC|date=22 December 2013|accessdate=23 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; continuin his fine fuirm he providit a assist in ''Los Blancos''' first match follaein the 2013–14 winter break, a 3–0 hame victory ower [[Celta de Vigo]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/blog/_/name/thematch/id/1459?cc=5739|title=Three Things: Real Madrid vs. Celta Vigo|publisher=ESPN FC|author=Dermot Corrigan|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=7 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; an on 9 Januar he scored his first in the domestic cup, in a 2–0 success against [[CA Osasuna]] for the roond-o-16 first leg, an aw at the [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/laliga/story/real-madrid-2-0-osasuna-copa-del-rey-round-of-16-first-leg-karim-benzema-match-report-010914|title=Real defeats Osasuna in Copa del Rey|publisher=[[Fox Sports]]|date=9 January 2014|accessdate=10 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 28 Januar 2014, in the Spainyie Cup's quairterfeenals seicont leg, Jesé stairtit an nettit the anerly goal in Real's hame victory ower [[RCD Espanyol]] (2–0 on aggregate). His league fuirm continued when uised, wi goals against [[Athletic Bilbao]], [[Villarreal CF]] an [[Getafe CF]]; on 18 Mairch, housomeivver, juist twa minutes intae the Champions League's roond-o-16 seicont leg gemme against [[FC Schalke 04]], he tore the [[anterior cruciate ligament]] in his richt knee, bein sidelined for the rest o the La Liga saison]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2014/03/jese-rodriguez-medical-report?pid=1383833298379|title=Jesé Rodríguez medical report|publisher=Real Madrid's official website|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=19 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2014/03/18/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1395173336.html|title=Jesé, al menos seis meses de baja|trans_title=Jesé, at least six months out|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=19 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Internaitional career==
[[File:Jesé Rodríguez and Gerard Deloufeu.jpg|thumb|175px|Jesé wi [[Gerard Deulofeu]] at the European Unner-19 Championship]]
Jesé muivit throu the [[Spain naitional youth fitbaw team|Spainyie internaitional youth setup]], representin aw sides atween [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|the unner-16s]] an [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|the unner-21s]]. He made his debut wi the umwhile in 2009 an, wi the [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|unner-17 side]], he reached the feenal in the 2010 UEFA European Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/1330004812309/noticia/Noticia/Jese_Rodriguez_y_Alfonso_Herrero,_convocados_con_la_Sub-17_de_Espana.htm|title=Jesé Rodríguez y Alfonso Herrero, convocados con la Sub-17 de España|trans_title=Jesé Rodríguez and Alfonso Herrero, calledup by Spain under-17|publisher=Real Madrid's official website|language=Spanish|date=9 May 2010|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PROVINCIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laprovincia.es/deportes/2010/06/22/gran-sueno-debutar-bernabeu/308674.html|title=´Mi gran sueño, debutar en el Bernabéu´|trans_title=´My biggest dream, play my first game at the Bernabéu´|publisher=La Provincia|language=Spanish|date=22 June 2010|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the [[:en;2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship|2012 European Unner-19 Championship]] held in [[Estonie]], Jesé scored fower goals anerly in the group stage, includin an [[hat-trick]] in a 3–3 draw against [[Portugal naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Portugal]] on 6 Julie.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uefa.com/under19/season=2012/matches/round=2000210/match=2010336/index.html João Mário steals Spain's thunder]; UEFA.com, 6 July 2012&lt;/ref&gt; He nettit his fift in the feenal against [[Greece naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Greece]] (1–0), an went on tae be the top scorer o the toornament.&lt;ref name=&quot;JOY&quot;&gt;[http://www.uefa.com/under19/news/newsid=1840961.html#jese+takes+scoring+honour More joy for Spain's Jesé with U19 scoring honour]; UEFA.com, 15 July 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé scored five goals for the [[Spain naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|Spainyie unner-20 team]] at the 2013 FIFA U-20 Warld Cup in [[Turkey]], in an eventual quairterfeenal exit, and receivit the Bronze Buit for the third best scorer o the toornament.&lt;ref name=&quot;U20&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://as.com/diarioas/2013/07/05/english/1373050659_943906.html|title=Jesé scaling heights of Maradona and Messi at under-20 World Cup|publisher=Diario AS|date=5 July 2013|accessdate=10 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194317/http://as.com/diarioas/2013/07/05/english/1373050659_943906.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 6 Februar 2014, awtho he wis still eligible tae play for [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|the unner-21s]], [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|full side]] manager [[Vicente del Bosque]] revealed that the player wis in his plans aheid o the [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]] in [[Brazil]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/97137/del-bosque-signals-jese-is-an-option-for-spain/|title=Del Bosque signals Jesé is an option for Spain|publisher=Inside Spanish Football|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=9 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206154301/http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/97137/del-bosque-signals-jese-is-an-option-for-spain/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; housomeivver, in Mairch, follaein his serious injury, his chances o attendin the tournament wur endit, an the manager describit the situation as &quot;a blow&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/101347/del-bosque-admits-jese-knee-injury-is-a-blow/|title=Del Bosque admits Jesé knee injury is a &quot;blow&quot;|publisher=Inside Spanish Football|date=19 March 2014|accessdate=20 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320035910/http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/101347/del-bosque-admits-jese-knee-injury-is-a-blow/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Style o play==
Jesé can play frae a midfield position ([[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Seicont striker|ahint the striker]]) tae a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger position]] on either side o the field, as well as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Centre forward|centre-forward]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/12040/8839181/la-liga-real-madrid-forward-jese-rodriguez-pens-new-four-year-deal La Liga: Real Madrid forward Jese Rodriguez pens new four-year deal]; Sky Sports, 24 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt; At Castilla, unner Toril, he aften played in a [[Deep-leein forward|false 9]] role in the team's 4–3–3 fuirmation, an regularly switched flanks due tae his ability to uise baith feet.&lt;ref name=&quot;False9&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1636590/real-madrid-jese-world-class-toril-says?cc=5739|title=Jese Rodriguez tipped for the top|publisher=ESPN FC|date=3 December 2013|accessdate=7 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein his promotion tae the first team in 2013, manager [[Carlo Ancelotti]] played him in a winger position, aften cuttin inside frae the wing baith wi the baw an athoot, tae create chances an score goals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1628751/angel-di-maria-jese-rodriguez-stand-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-galatasaray?cc=5739|title=Di Maria or Jese set to face Galatasaray|publisher=ESPN FC|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Twa o Jesé's maist common traits are his direct fitbaw style an technical ability, which hae been describit as &quot;exceptional&quot; an &quot;phenomenon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/03/en/football/real_madrid/1370248035.html|title=Zidane backs Jesé for first team|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=3 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jesé's manager Carlo Ancelotti described him as a &quot;talent, it's in his genes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/2014/01/11/en/football/real_madrid/1389429464.html|title=Jesemania!|publisher=Marca|date=11 January 2014|accessdate=16 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is kent for his skills an ability tae shuit wi baith feet, as well as his pace; his pace coupled wi his feenishin an inability tae be dispossessed easily led tae comparisons tae Portuguese superstarn Cristiano Ronaldo.&lt;ref name=&quot;False9&quot;/&gt; Jesé's veesion, a trait he impruivit on syne his beginnins, alloued him tae develop intae a effective passer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/how-youngster-jese-rodriguez-is-more-than-plugging-the-gap-left-by-gareth-bale-at-real-madrid-9112293.html|title=How youngster Jese Rodriguez is more than plugging the gap left by Gareth Bale at Real Madrid|publisher=[[The Independent]]|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=10 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mey 2014, Jesé wis namit bi ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' as ane o the twinty maist promisin young players in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Shergold |first=Adam |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2640406/Thibaut-Courtois-Raphael-Varane-Julian-Draxler-20-best-young-stars-European-football.html |title=Thibaut Courtois, Julian Draxler and the 20 best young players in European football &amp;#124; Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=2014-05-28 |accessdate=2014-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Personal life==
Jesé wis born tae Pascual Rodríguez, a pharmacy wirker, an María Ruiz. He became a faither for the first time in the simmer o 2012 at anerly 19, namin the boy also Jesé;&lt;ref name=&quot;Personal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/12/24/en/football/real_madrid/1387841445.html|title=Jesé will be a world class player|publisher=Marca|date=24 December 2013|accessdate=26 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; his relationship wi the mither endit shortly efter, an the bairn muivit in wi the latter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadridnews.com/jese-rodriguez-son-father-7226|title=Jese Rodriguez, a model son and father|publisher=Real Madrid News|date=3 March 2014|accessdate=12 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312225302/http://www.realmadridnews.com/jese-rodriguez-son-father-7226|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé haes a tattoo wi his son's name an date o birth on his richt airm, an his parents' names on the back o each haund respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;Personal&quot;/&gt;

==Club statistics==
{{updated|18 March 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://uk.soccerway.com/players/jesse-rodriguez-ruiz/160640/|title=Jesé Rodríguez|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=15 May 2013|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629180716/http://uk.soccerway.com/players/jesse-rodriguez-ruiz/160640/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ESPNsoccernet|162453}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/en/jese/leistungsdaten/spieler_134936.html|title=Jesé Rodríguez – Performance data|publisher=Transfermarkt|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Saison
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Continental
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Real Madrid Castilla]]
|Segunda División B|2010–11
|3||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||3||0
|-
|Segunda División B|2011–12
|39||10||3||2||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||42||12
|-
|Segunda División|2012–13
|38||22||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||38||22
|-
!Total
!80!!32!!3||2!!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—!!83!!34
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]
|La Liga|2011–12
|1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|La Liga|2013–14
|18||5||8||3||5||0||31||8
|-
!Total
!19!!5!!9!!3!!5!!0!!33!!8
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career total
!99!!37!!12!!5!!5!!0!!116!!42
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Real Madrid Castilla
*[[Segunda División B]]: Segunda División B 2011–12&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vavel.com/es/futbol/real-madrid/169839-el-castilla-se-proclama-campeon-de-segunda-b-ante-el-mirandes.html|title=El Castilla se proclama campeón de Segunda B ante el Mirandés|trans_title=Castilla crowned ''Segunda B'' champion against Mirandés|publisher=Vavel|date=9 June 2012|accessdate=22 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Real Madrid
*[[UEFA Champions League]]: 2013–14
*[[La Liga]]: 2011–12
*[[Copa del Rey]]: 2013–14

===Kintra===
;Spain U-17
*[[UEFA European Unner-17 Championship]]: Runner-up UEFA European Under-17 Championship|2010&lt;ref name=&quot;PROVINCIA&quot;/&gt;

;Spain U-19
*[[UEFA European Unner-19 Championship]]: UEFA European Under-19 Championship 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;JOY&quot;/&gt;

===Individual===
*[[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]: Gowden Buit UEFA European Under-19 Championship 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;JOY&quot;/&gt;
*[[FIFA U-20 Warld Cup]]: Bronze Buit FIFA U-20 Warld Cup 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;U20&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Jesé Rodríguez}}
*[http://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad/jese-rodriguez-ruiz Real Madrid offeecial profile]
*[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j101007.html BDFutbol profile]
*{{UEFA player|250016661}}

{{UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship awards}}
{{Paris Saint-Germain F.C. squad}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jese}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Sportsfowk frae Las Palmas]]
[[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]]
[[Category:Canarian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Segunda División players]]
[[Category:Segunda División B players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid Castilla fitbawers]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:Spain youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]</text>
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      <text bytes="26864" sha1="bqosw6fv7pfv5c0fjid78ezekxn28te" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name = Jesé
| fullname = Jesé Rodríguez Ruiz
| image = Jesé Rodríguez (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Jesé playin for [[Spain naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Spain U19]] in 2012
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|2|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Las Palmas]], Spain
| height = {{convert|1.78|m|abbr=on}}
| position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Forrit]]
| currentclub    = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
| clubnumber     = 
| youthyears1 = 2003–2005 | youthclubs1 = El Pilar FC
| youthyears2 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs2 = [[AD Huracán|Huracán]]
| youthyears3 = 2007–2011 | youthclubs3 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]
| years1 = 2011–2013 | clubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid B]] | caps1 = 80 | goals1 = 32
| years2         = 2011–2016 | clubs2 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]                  | caps2 = 63 | goals2 = 13
| years3         = 2016–     | clubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]  | caps3 = 9  | goals3 = 1
| years4         = 2017      | clubs4 = → [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] (lend)             | caps4 = 16 | goals4 = 3
| years5         = 2017–2018 | clubs5 = → [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] (lend)           | caps5 = 13 | goals5 = 1
| nationalyears1 = 2009 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|Spain U16]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2010 | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Spain U17]] | nationalcaps2 = 7 | nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2011 | nationalteam3 = [[Spain naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Spain U18]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 | nationalgoals3 = 1
| nationalyears4 = 2010–2012 | nationalteam4 = [[Spain naitional unner-19 footbaa team|Spain U19]] | nationalcaps4 = 11 | nationalgoals4 = 6
| nationalyears5 = 2013 | nationalteam5 = [[Spain naitional unner-20 footbaa team|Spain U20]] | nationalcaps5 = 8 | nationalgoals5 = 5
| nationalyears6 = 2013–2014 | nationalteam6 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 footbaa team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps6 = 5 | nationalgoals6 = 2
| pcupdate       = 23:11, 17 Mairch 2018 (UTC)
| ntupdate       = 9 October 2016
}}
{{Spanish name|Rodríguez|Ruiz}}
'''Jesé Rodríguez Ruiz''' (born 26 Februar 1993), simply kent as '''Jesé''' ({{IPA-es|xeˈse}}), is a Spainyie [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]] who plays for [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|forward]].

A youth product o Real Madrid, he made his senior debuts wi the club in 2011 an wis promotit tae the first team for the Real Madrid C.F. 2013–14 saison.

==Club career==

===Real Madrid===

====Youth====
Jesé wis born in [[Las Palmas]], [[Canary Islands]], an jyned [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]'s youth seestem in 2007, agit 14.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marca.com/2010/12/03/opinion/firmas/zona_real_madrid/1291393025.html El Cristiano de Valdebebas (The 'Cristiano' of Valdebebas)]; [[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]], 3 December 2010 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.canarias7.es/articulo.cfm?id=195640 Jesé Rodríguez, la perla del Madrid (Jesé Rodríguez, Madrid's pearl)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165759/http://www.canarias7.es/articulo.cfm?id=195640 |date=2016-03-03 }}; Canarias7, 28 December 2010 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Still a junior, on 16 Januar 2011, he made his senior debut wi [[Real Madrid Castilla|the reserves]] in [[Segunda División B]], in a 5–0 hame win against [[Universidad de Las Palmas CF]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marca.com/2011/01/16/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1295198191.html Jesé debuta en el Castilla con un detalle a lo Ronaldo (Jesé makes debut with Castilla with Ronaldo-like detail)]; Marca, 16 January 2011 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Efter a successful 2010–11 saison wi Real Madrid's ''Juvenil A'' team that saw him score 17 goals, Jesé wis promotit tae the reserve team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/03/01/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1299006770.html|title=El Madrid ata a Jesé Rodríguez|trans_title=Madrid ties Jesé Rodríguez|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=1 March 2011|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Castilla====
In Julie 2011, Jesé wis cried up bi first-team manager [[José Mourinho]] for the pre-saison tour. He made his unoffeecial debut wi the main squad in a [[Exhibition game|friendly]] against [[Los Angeles Galaxy]] on the 17t, [[Substitute (association fitbaw)|comin on]] in the 64t minute for [[José Callejón]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330062741086/noticia/Cronica/LA_Galaxy_1-4_Real_Madrid.htm LA Galaxy 1–4 Real Madrid]; Real Madrid's official website, 17 July 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé scored his first offeecial goal for Castilla on 2 October 2011 against [[La Roda CF]], follaein a [[Assist (fitbaw)|assist]] bi [[Álvaro Morata]], in a eventual 2–4 awa loss. On 6 Dizember, he wis includit in the squad for a awa [[UEFA Champions League]] fixtur against [[AFC Ajax]], but eventually did no leave the bench in the 3–0 group stage win;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/1193040472416/1330074328748/noticia/Convocatoria/Mourinho_convoca_a_19_jugadores_para_el_partido_ante_el_Ajax.htm?utm_source=dlvr.it&amp;utm_medium=twitter Mourinho convoca a 19 jugadores para el partido ante el Ajax (Mourinho calls 19 players for game against Ajax)]; Real Madrid's official website, 6 December 2011 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; sax days later, he wis ance again includit in the leet (17 players) for the gemme against [[SD Ponferradina]] for the first roond o the [[Copa del Rey]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330074969114/noticia/Convocatoria/Mourinho_calls_17_men_for_duty_against_Ponferradina.htm Mourinho calls 17 men for duty against Ponferradina]; Real Madrid's official website, 12 December 2011&lt;/ref&gt; an replacit [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] for the feenal 15 minutes of a 2–0 awa triumph.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marca.com/2011/12/14/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1323818247.html Jesé, un sueño cumplido (Jesé, fulfilled dream)]; Marca, 13 December 2011 {{es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 24 Mairch 2012, Jesé made his first [[La Liga]] appearance again comin on for Ronaldo, for the last ten minutes o a 5–1 hame win ower [[Real Sociedad]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report/_/id/323765?cc=5739 Real return to winning ways]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; [[ESPN Soccernet]], 24 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt; In late October, Mourinho said creetically that he wis bein uised at Castilla in a position that did no exist in the main squad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1208403/jose-mourinho-questions-real-madrid%27s-youth-system?cc=5739|title=Jose Mourinho questions Real Madrid's youth system|publisher=ESPN FC|date=31 October 2012|accessdate=20 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twa month later Ginés Carvajal, his agent, said that they wad need tae study options for the player's futur if he wis no permanently promotit tae the first team the follaein year, wi the guarantee he wad receive significant playin time;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2012/12/29/en/football/real_madrid/1356813486.html|title=Jesé wants Mou to give him a chance|publisher=Marca|date=29 December 2012|accessdate=25 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; in Februar 2013 Jesé statit he wis confident he wis doin well enough tae be grantit an opportunity,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/02/20/en/football/real_madrid/1361344773.html|title=Jesé: &quot;I don't understand why they don't give me an opportunity&quot;|publisher=Marca|date=20 February 2013|accessdate=21 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story?id=1346912&amp;cc=5739|title=Lack of Real chances may force Jese exit|publisher=ESPN FC|date=20 February 2013|accessdate=20 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi B-side coach [[Alberto Toril]] later comin oot in his defense, sayin that he shoud learn tae control his emotions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/english/articulo/alberto-toril-jese-must-learn/20130224dasdenspo_12/Ten|title=Alberto Toril: &quot;Jesé must learn to keep his mouth shut&quot;|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=24 February 2013|accessdate=13 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/02/25/en/football/real_madrid/1361778430.html|title=Jesé's back-up|publisher=Marca|date=25 February 2013|accessdate=13 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mey 2013, Madrid preses [[Florentino Pérez]] statit that sportin director [[Zinedine Zidane]] did no think that Jesé haed tae leave on loan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadridnews.com/florentino-perez-zidane-lead-real-madrid/|title=Florentino Perez: 'Zidane will lead the next Real Madrid project’|publisher=Real Madrid News|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=28 May 2013|archive-date=2019-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029034724/http://www.realmadridnews.com/florentino-perez-zidane-lead-real-madrid-1689|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/05/30/en/football/real_madrid/1369896712.html|title=Jesé puts trust in Zidane to let him stay|publisher=Marca|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=30 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 2 Juin, he scored a solo goal in a 4–0 hame win against [[AD Alcorcón]] – wi that goal, he breuk the record for maist goals in a single saison at Castilla, set bi [[Emilio Butragueño]] in 1983–84 wi 21&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/05/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1370444156.html|title=Jesé: &quot;Superar los 21 goles de un mito como Butragueño es muy grande&quot;
|trans_title=Jesé: &quot;To surpass the 21 goals of a legend like Butragueño is a big thing&quot;|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=5 June 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;– which brocht him praise frae several quadrants,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/03/en/football/real_madrid/1370249450.html|title=Jesé: the Galáctico on Real's doorstep|publisher=Marca|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=3 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.defensacentral.com/real_madrid/87404-liga-segunda-division-alcorcon-morata-jese-casemiro-florentino/|title=Jesé y su golazo, una rúbrica perfecta|trans_title=Jesé and his wondergoal, perfect icing|publisher=Defensa Central|language=Spanish|date=2 June 2013|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an he later statit he wantit tae remain at the club,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/18/en/football/real_madrid/1371544712.html|title=Jesé: &quot;I hope to stay at Real Madrid&quot;|publisher=Marca|date=18 June 2013|accessdate=18 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; which wis backit bi coach Toril.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/03/en/football/real_madrid/1370285166.html|title=Toril backs Jesé's leap to first team|publisher=Marca|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====First team====
While at the 2013 FIFA U-20 Warld Cup, Jesé admittit that he coud be on the muive frae Real Madrid efter seein first-team opportunities restrictit. The club's technical director, [[Miguel Pardeza]], clarifee'd on 13 Julie that the player wad remain at the club,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11675/8824111/Transfer-news-Real-Madrid-rule-out-Jese-departure |title=Real Madrid rule out Jese departure|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|date=14 July 2013|accessdate=23 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an he extendit his contract for a further fower years late in the same month.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/Actualidad_Primer_Equipo_en/News/1193040523950/1330155292256/noticia/ComunicadoOficial/Official_Announcement_2013-07-24.htm|title=Official announcement|publisher=Real Madrid's official website|date=24 July 2013|accessdate=24 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé made his Champions League debut on 2 October 2013, comin on as a 81st-minute substitute in a 4–0 hame victory ower [[F.C. Copenhagen]] for the group stage.&lt;ref&gt;[http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/380761/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;cc=5739 Ronaldo leads Real recovery]; ESPN FC, 2 October 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/Actualidad_Primer_Equipo_en/1380637307438/noticia/Noticia/Jese:_%E2%80%9CWe%E2%80%99ve_played_a_great_game_and_we%E2%80%99re_going_away_happy%E2%80%9D.htm Jesé: “We’ve played a great game and we’re going away happy”]; Real Madrid's official website, 2 October 2013&lt;/ref&gt; He scored his first competitive goal for Real Madrid in his first [[El Clásico]] appearance on the 26t o October, nettin frae a Ronaldo assist follaein a injury-time coonter-attack in a 1–2 loss at [[FC Barcelona]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/373124/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;cc=5739|title=Alexis chips seals Clasico win|publisher=ESPN FC|date=26 October 2013|accessdate=26 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 23 November 2013, Jesé came on as a seicont-hauf substitute against [[UD Almería]] an contributit wi his first twa assists for the first team, in a 5–0 awa win.&lt;ref&gt;[http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/373084/report.html?soccernet=true&amp;cc=5739 Ronaldo injured in Real rout]; ESPN FC, 23 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt; His seicont goal came nearly ane month later, nettin the 3–2 winner at [[Valencia CF]] wi aicht minutes tae go;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/en/report/373053/report.html?soccernet=true|title=Jese bags late winner for Real|publisher=ESPN FC|date=22 December 2013|accessdate=23 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; continuin his fine fuirm he providit a assist in ''Los Blancos''' first match follaein the 2013–14 winter break, a 3–0 hame victory ower [[Celta de Vigo]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/blog/_/name/thematch/id/1459?cc=5739|title=Three Things: Real Madrid vs. Celta Vigo|publisher=ESPN FC|author=Dermot Corrigan|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=7 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; an on 9 Januar he scored his first in the domestic cup, in a 2–0 success against [[CA Osasuna]] for the roond-o-16 first leg, an aw at the [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/laliga/story/real-madrid-2-0-osasuna-copa-del-rey-round-of-16-first-leg-karim-benzema-match-report-010914|title=Real defeats Osasuna in Copa del Rey|publisher=[[Fox Sports]]|date=9 January 2014|accessdate=10 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 28 Januar 2014, in the Spainyie Cup's quairterfeenals seicont leg, Jesé stairtit an nettit the anerly goal in Real's hame victory ower [[RCD Espanyol]] (2–0 on aggregate). His league fuirm continued when uised, wi goals against [[Athletic Bilbao]], [[Villarreal CF]] an [[Getafe CF]]; on 18 Mairch, housomeivver, juist twa minutes intae the Champions League's roond-o-16 seicont leg gemme against [[FC Schalke 04]], he tore the [[anterior cruciate ligament]] in his richt knee, bein sidelined for the rest o the La Liga saison]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2014/03/jese-rodriguez-medical-report?pid=1383833298379|title=Jesé Rodríguez medical report|publisher=Real Madrid's official website|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=19 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2014/03/18/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1395173336.html|title=Jesé, al menos seis meses de baja|trans_title=Jesé, at least six months out|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=19 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Internaitional career==
[[File:Jesé Rodríguez and Gerard Deloufeu.jpg|thumb|175px|Jesé wi [[Gerard Deulofeu]] at the European Unner-19 Championship]]
Jesé muivit throu the [[Spain naitional youth fitbaw team|Spainyie internaitional youth setup]], representin aw sides atween [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|the unner-16s]] an [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|the unner-21s]]. He made his debut wi the umwhile in 2009 an, wi the [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|unner-17 side]], he reached the feenal in the 2010 UEFA European Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/1330004812309/noticia/Noticia/Jese_Rodriguez_y_Alfonso_Herrero,_convocados_con_la_Sub-17_de_Espana.htm|title=Jesé Rodríguez y Alfonso Herrero, convocados con la Sub-17 de España|trans_title=Jesé Rodríguez and Alfonso Herrero, calledup by Spain under-17|publisher=Real Madrid's official website|language=Spanish|date=9 May 2010|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PROVINCIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.laprovincia.es/deportes/2010/06/22/gran-sueno-debutar-bernabeu/308674.html|title=´Mi gran sueño, debutar en el Bernabéu´|trans_title=´My biggest dream, play my first game at the Bernabéu´|publisher=La Provincia|language=Spanish|date=22 June 2010|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the [[:en;2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship|2012 European Unner-19 Championship]] held in [[Estonie]], Jesé scored fower goals anerly in the group stage, includin an [[hat-trick]] in a 3–3 draw against [[Portugal naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Portugal]] on 6 Julie.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uefa.com/under19/season=2012/matches/round=2000210/match=2010336/index.html João Mário steals Spain's thunder]; UEFA.com, 6 July 2012&lt;/ref&gt; He nettit his fift in the feenal against [[Greece naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Greece]] (1–0), an went on tae be the top scorer o the toornament.&lt;ref name=&quot;JOY&quot;&gt;[http://www.uefa.com/under19/news/newsid=1840961.html#jese+takes+scoring+honour More joy for Spain's Jesé with U19 scoring honour]; UEFA.com, 15 July 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé scored five goals for the [[Spain naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|Spainyie unner-20 team]] at the 2013 FIFA U-20 Warld Cup in [[Turkey]], in an eventual quairterfeenal exit, and receivit the Bronze Buit for the third best scorer o the toornament.&lt;ref name=&quot;U20&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://as.com/diarioas/2013/07/05/english/1373050659_943906.html|title=Jesé scaling heights of Maradona and Messi at under-20 World Cup|publisher=Diario AS|date=5 July 2013|accessdate=10 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194317/http://as.com/diarioas/2013/07/05/english/1373050659_943906.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 6 Februar 2014, awtho he wis still eligible tae play for [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|the unner-21s]], [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|full side]] manager [[Vicente del Bosque]] revealed that the player wis in his plans aheid o the [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]] in [[Brazil]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/97137/del-bosque-signals-jese-is-an-option-for-spain/|title=Del Bosque signals Jesé is an option for Spain|publisher=Inside Spanish Football|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=9 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206154301/http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/97137/del-bosque-signals-jese-is-an-option-for-spain/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; housomeivver, in Mairch, follaein his serious injury, his chances o attendin the tournament wur endit, an the manager describit the situation as &quot;a blow&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/101347/del-bosque-admits-jese-knee-injury-is-a-blow/|title=Del Bosque admits Jesé knee injury is a &quot;blow&quot;|publisher=Inside Spanish Football|date=19 March 2014|accessdate=20 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320035910/http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/101347/del-bosque-admits-jese-knee-injury-is-a-blow/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Style o play==
Jesé can play frae a midfield position ([[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Seicont striker|ahint the striker]]) tae a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger position]] on either side o the field, as well as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Centre forward|centre-forward]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/12040/8839181/la-liga-real-madrid-forward-jese-rodriguez-pens-new-four-year-deal La Liga: Real Madrid forward Jese Rodriguez pens new four-year deal]; Sky Sports, 24 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt; At Castilla, unner Toril, he aften played in a [[Deep-leein forward|false 9]] role in the team's 4–3–3 fuirmation, an regularly switched flanks due tae his ability to uise baith feet.&lt;ref name=&quot;False9&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1636590/real-madrid-jese-world-class-toril-says?cc=5739|title=Jese Rodriguez tipped for the top|publisher=ESPN FC|date=3 December 2013|accessdate=7 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein his promotion tae the first team in 2013, manager [[Carlo Ancelotti]] played him in a winger position, aften cuttin inside frae the wing baith wi the baw an athoot, tae create chances an score goals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1628751/angel-di-maria-jese-rodriguez-stand-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-galatasaray?cc=5739|title=Di Maria or Jese set to face Galatasaray|publisher=ESPN FC|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=19 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Twa o Jesé's maist common traits are his direct fitbaw style an technical ability, which hae been describit as &quot;exceptional&quot; an &quot;phenomenon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/06/03/en/football/real_madrid/1370248035.html|title=Zidane backs Jesé for first team|publisher=Marca|language=Spanish|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=3 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jesé's manager Carlo Ancelotti described him as a &quot;talent, it's in his genes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/2014/01/11/en/football/real_madrid/1389429464.html|title=Jesemania!|publisher=Marca|date=11 January 2014|accessdate=16 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is kent for his skills an ability tae shuit wi baith feet, as well as his pace; his pace coupled wi his feenishin an inability tae be dispossessed easily led tae comparisons tae Portuguese superstarn Cristiano Ronaldo.&lt;ref name=&quot;False9&quot;/&gt; Jesé's veesion, a trait he impruivit on syne his beginnins, alloued him tae develop intae a effective passer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/how-youngster-jese-rodriguez-is-more-than-plugging-the-gap-left-by-gareth-bale-at-real-madrid-9112293.html|title=How youngster Jese Rodriguez is more than plugging the gap left by Gareth Bale at Real Madrid|publisher=[[The Independent]]|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=10 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mey 2014, Jesé wis namit bi ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' as ane o the twinty maist promisin young players in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Shergold |first=Adam |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2640406/Thibaut-Courtois-Raphael-Varane-Julian-Draxler-20-best-young-stars-European-football.html |title=Thibaut Courtois, Julian Draxler and the 20 best young players in European football &amp;#124; Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=2014-05-28 |accessdate=2014-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Personal life==
Jesé wis born tae Pascual Rodríguez, a pharmacy wirker, an María Ruiz. He became a faither for the first time in the simmer o 2012 at anerly 19, namin the boy also Jesé;&lt;ref name=&quot;Personal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/12/24/en/football/real_madrid/1387841445.html|title=Jesé will be a world class player|publisher=Marca|date=24 December 2013|accessdate=26 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; his relationship wi the mither endit shortly efter, an the bairn muivit in wi the latter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadridnews.com/jese-rodriguez-son-father-7226|title=Jese Rodriguez, a model son and father|publisher=Real Madrid News|date=3 March 2014|accessdate=12 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312225302/http://www.realmadridnews.com/jese-rodriguez-son-father-7226|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jesé haes a tattoo wi his son's name an date o birth on his richt airm, an his parents' names on the back o each haund respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;Personal&quot;/&gt;

==Club statistics==
{{updated|18 March 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://uk.soccerway.com/players/jesse-rodriguez-ruiz/160640/|title=Jesé Rodríguez|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=15 May 2013|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629180716/http://uk.soccerway.com/players/jesse-rodriguez-ruiz/160640/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ESPNsoccernet|162453}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/en/jese/leistungsdaten/spieler_134936.html|title=Jesé Rodríguez – Performance data|publisher=Transfermarkt|accessdate=4 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Saison
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Continental
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|[[Real Madrid Castilla]]
|Segunda División B|2010–11
|3||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||3||0
|-
|Segunda División B|2011–12
|39||10||3||2||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||42||12
|-
|Segunda División|2012–13
|38||22||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—||38||22
|-
!Total
!80!!32!!3||2!!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|—!!83!!34
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]
|La Liga|2011–12
|1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|La Liga|2013–14
|18||5||8||3||5||0||31||8
|-
!Total
!19!!5!!9!!3!!5!!0!!33!!8
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career total
!99!!37!!12!!5!!5!!0!!116!!42
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Real Madrid Castilla
*[[Segunda División B]]: Segunda División B 2011–12&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vavel.com/es/futbol/real-madrid/169839-el-castilla-se-proclama-campeon-de-segunda-b-ante-el-mirandes.html|title=El Castilla se proclama campeón de Segunda B ante el Mirandés|trans_title=Castilla crowned ''Segunda B'' champion against Mirandés|publisher=Vavel|date=9 June 2012|accessdate=22 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Real Madrid
*[[UEFA Champions League]]: 2013–14
*[[La Liga]]: 2011–12
*[[Copa del Rey]]: 2013–14

===Kintra===
;Spain U-17
*[[UEFA European Unner-17 Championship]]: Runner-up UEFA European Under-17 Championship|2010&lt;ref name=&quot;PROVINCIA&quot;/&gt;

;Spain U-19
*[[UEFA European Unner-19 Championship]]: UEFA European Under-19 Championship 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;JOY&quot;/&gt;

===Individual===
*[[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]: Gowden Buit UEFA European Under-19 Championship 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;JOY&quot;/&gt;
*[[FIFA U-20 Warld Cup]]: Bronze Buit FIFA U-20 Warld Cup 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;U20&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Jesé Rodríguez}}
*[http://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad/jese-rodriguez-ruiz Real Madrid offeecial profile]
*[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j101007.html BDFutbol profile]
*{{UEFA player|250016661}}

{{UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship awards}}
{{Paris Saint-Germain F.C. squad}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jese}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Sportsfowk frae Las Palmas]]
[[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]]
[[Category:Canarian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Segunda División players]]
[[Category:Segunda División B players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid Castilla fitbawers]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:Spain youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Custódia</title>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="2727" sha1="715x9nz4s6s2rkum63cwcy1o8skgju0" xml:space="preserve">'''Custódia''' is a ceety in the state o [[Pernambuco]], [[Brazil]]. The population in 2009, accordin wi Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) wis 33.874 indwallers an the tot aurie is 1404.1&amp;nbsp;km².

==Geografie==
* State - [[Pernambuco]]
* Region - [[Sertão]] Pernambucano
* Boondars - [[Iguaraci]] an [[Carnaíba]]    ('''N''');  [[Floresta, Pernambuco|Floresta]] an [[Ibimirim]]   ('''S''');  [[Sertânia]]   ('''E''');   [[Betânia, Pernambuco|Betânia]] an [[Flores, Pernambuco|Flores]]  ('''W''').
* Aurie - 1404.1&amp;nbsp;km²
* Elevation - 542 m
* Hidrography - [[Pajeú River|Pajeú]] an [[Moxotó River|Moxotó rivers]]
* Vegetation - [[Caatinga]]  [[hiperxerófila]]
* Climate - [[semi arid]] - ([[Sertão]]) het
* Annual average temperatur - 24.0 c
* Distance tae [[Recife]] - 334.4&amp;nbsp;km

==Economy==

The main economic activities in '''Custódia''' are based in fuid &amp; beverage industry, commerce an [[agribusiness]], especially creation o [[gait]]s, [[sheep]], [[cattle]], [[pigs]], [[horse]], [[chicken]]s;  an plantations o [[onion]]s, [[bean]]s an [[tomato]]es.

===Economic Indicators===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! Population &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2009/POP2009_DOU.pdf[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] Population Custodia 2009, page 32&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[GDP]] x(1000 R$).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibge.com.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2003_2007/tab01.pdf |title=Custódia 2007 GDP IBGE page 29 |access-date=2014-08-13 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001818/http://www.ibge.com.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2003_2007/tab01.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[GDP per caipita|GDP pc]] (R$)
! [[Pernambuco|PE]]
|-
| 33.874
| 116.006
| 3.608
| 0.19%
|-
|}
'''Economy bi Sector'''
2006
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! [[Primary sector]] 
! [[Secondary sector]]
! [[Service sector]] 
|-
| 10.61%
| 16.58%
| 72.81%
|-
|}

===Halth Indicators===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/web/condepefidem |title=PE State site - City by city profile |access-date=2014-08-13 |archive-date=2009-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804002205/http://www2.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/web/condepefidem |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2000)
! Hospitals (2007)
! Hospitals beds (2007)
! Childer's Mortality ivery 1000 (2005)
|-
| 0.653
| 1
| 38
| 18.4 
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|8|05|15|S|37|38|35|W|region:BR_source:kolossus-nlwiki|display=title}}

{{Municipalities o Pernambuco}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Custodia}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Pernambuco]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Balcarce Partido</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="3317" sha1="prpt6twtro76xbz8wfemxx775joddjm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Partido Argentina
|name= Balcarce
|official name=  Partido de Balcarce
|coat of arms = Sin escudo.svg
|map=  Argentina - Buenos Aires - Balcarce.svg
|location= Location o Balcarce Partido in Buenos Aires Province
|capital=  [[Balcarce, Buenos Aires|Balcarce]]
|foundation=  1865
|founder= 
|pop= 42,040
|density= 10.2 Inhabitants/km²
|pop change= +2.05%(1991-2001)
|resident= ''balcarceño''
|tel=  02266
|post=  B7620
|coor= {{coord|37|52|S|58|15|W}}
|area= &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;4,120&amp;nbsp;km²&amp;nbsp;(1,591&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;
|dist1= &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;410&amp;nbsp;km&amp;nbsp;(255&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;
|dist2= &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;445&amp;nbsp;km&amp;nbsp;(277&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;
|patron= San José
|mayor= José Luis Pérez, [[Partido Justicialista|PJ]]
|web= http://www.balcarce.gov.ar
|ifam= BUE009
}}

'''Balcarce Partido''' is a [[Depairtments o Argentinae|partido]] o [[Buenos Aires Province]] in [[Argentinae]].

The provincial subdiveesion haes a population o 42,040 inhabitants in a aurie o &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;4,120&amp;nbsp;km²&amp;nbsp;(1,591&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;, an its caipital ceety is [[Balcarce, Buenos Aires|Balcarce]], which is locatit aroond {{convert|410|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} frae [[Buenos Aires]].

==Name==
The partido is namit efter [[Antonio González de Balcarce]] (1774-1819), a Argentine militar commander, govrenor o Buenos Aires an Supreme Director (preses) o Argentinae in 1816.

==Economy==
The economy o Balcarce Partido is dominatit bi agricultur, ither economic activities include [[minin|mineral extraction]] an [[tourism]].

Fermin is dominatit bi the production o [[Arable land|arable]] crops an [[potato]]es.

The impact o modren fermin techniques an minin haes damagit the natural habitats o indigenous species such as  [[emu]], [[jackrabbit]], [[viscacha]] an [[armadillo]].

Balcarce is hame tae Argentinae's Naitional Institute o Agricultural Technology, (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria or INTA) an the faculty o agrarian sciences (Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata).

==Attractions==
* [[Autódromo Juan Manuel Fangio]]
* [[Juan Manuel Fangio Museum]]

==Dounsets==
* '''[[Balcarce, Buenos Aires|Balcarce]]'''
* [[San Agustin, Buenos Aires|San Agustín]]
* [[Los Pinos, Buenos Aires|Los Pinos]]
* [[Napaleofú]]
* [[Bosch, Buenos Aires|Bosch]]
* [[Ramos Otero]]
* [[Villa Laguna La Brava]].

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.museofangio.com Juan Manuel Fangio museum] (Inglis content)
*{{es icon}} [http://www.balcarce.gov.ar Municipality wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613095544/http://www.balcarce.gov.ar/ |date=2006-06-13 }}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.inta.gov.ar/balcarce Naitional Institute o Agricultural Technology website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119185655/http://www.inta.gov.ar/balcarce/ |date=2011-11-19 }}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.mdp.edu.ar/agrarias/1gral/ Faculty o agrarian sciences website]
*{{es icon}} [http://www.eldiariosemanal.com.ar ''El Semanal'' newspaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121043303/http://eldiariosemanal.com.ar/ |date=2019-11-21 }}

{{Partidos o Buenos Aires Province}}

[[Category:1865 establishments in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Partidos o Buenos Aires Province]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921754</id>
      <parentid>921621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:58:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="3306" sha1="forg7dp7ldmkfjs0nmw45muwkcwcm4t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Partido Argentina
|name= Balcarce
|official name=  Partido de Balcarce
|coat of arms = Sin escudo.svg
|map=  Argentina - Buenos Aires - Balcarce.svg
|location= Location o Balcarce Partido in Buenos Aires Province
|capital=  [[Balcarce, Buenos Aires|Balcarce]]
|foundation=  1865
|pop= 42,040
|density= 10.2 Inhabitants/km²
|pop change= +2.05%(1991-2001)
|resident= ''balcarceño''
|tel=  02266
|post=  B7620
|coor= {{coord|37|52|S|58|15|W}}
|area= &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;4,120&amp;nbsp;km²&amp;nbsp;(1,591&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;
|dist1= &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;410&amp;nbsp;km&amp;nbsp;(255&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;
|dist2= &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;445&amp;nbsp;km&amp;nbsp;(277&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;
|patron= San José
|mayor= José Luis Pérez, [[Partido Justicialista|PJ]]
|web= http://www.balcarce.gov.ar
|ifam= BUE009
}}

'''Balcarce Partido''' is a [[Depairtments o Argentinae|partido]] o [[Buenos Aires Province]] in [[Argentinae]].

The provincial subdiveesion haes a population o 42,040 inhabitants in a aurie o &lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;4,120&amp;nbsp;km²&amp;nbsp;(1,591&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;mi)&lt;/span&gt;, an its caipital ceety is [[Balcarce, Buenos Aires|Balcarce]], which is locatit aroond {{convert|410|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} frae [[Buenos Aires]].

==Name==
The partido is namit efter [[Antonio González de Balcarce]] (1774-1819), a Argentine militar commander, govrenor o Buenos Aires an Supreme Director (preses) o Argentinae in 1816.

==Economy==
The economy o Balcarce Partido is dominatit bi agricultur, ither economic activities include [[minin|mineral extraction]] an [[tourism]].

Fermin is dominatit bi the production o [[Arable land|arable]] crops an [[potato]]es.

The impact o modren fermin techniques an minin haes damagit the natural habitats o indigenous species such as  [[emu]], [[jackrabbit]], [[viscacha]] an [[armadillo]].

Balcarce is hame tae Argentinae's Naitional Institute o Agricultural Technology, (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria or INTA) an the faculty o agrarian sciences (Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata).

==Attractions==
* [[Autódromo Juan Manuel Fangio]]
* [[Juan Manuel Fangio Museum]]

==Dounsets==
* '''[[Balcarce, Buenos Aires|Balcarce]]'''
* [[San Agustin, Buenos Aires|San Agustín]]
* [[Los Pinos, Buenos Aires|Los Pinos]]
* [[Napaleofú]]
* [[Bosch, Buenos Aires|Bosch]]
* [[Ramos Otero]]
* [[Villa Laguna La Brava]].

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.museofangio.com Juan Manuel Fangio museum] (Inglis content)
*{{es icon}} [http://www.balcarce.gov.ar Municipality wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613095544/http://www.balcarce.gov.ar/ |date=2006-06-13 }}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.inta.gov.ar/balcarce Naitional Institute o Agricultural Technology website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119185655/http://www.inta.gov.ar/balcarce/ |date=2011-11-19 }}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.mdp.edu.ar/agrarias/1gral/ Faculty o agrarian sciences website]
*{{es icon}} [http://www.eldiariosemanal.com.ar ''El Semanal'' newspaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121043303/http://eldiariosemanal.com.ar/ |date=2019-11-21 }}

{{Partidos o Buenos Aires Province}}

[[Category:1865 establishments in Argentinae]]
[[Category:Partidos o Buenos Aires Province]]</text>
      <sha1>forg7dp7ldmkfjs0nmw45muwkcwcm4t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1994 European Super Cup</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79780</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921643</id>
      <parentid>852644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:39:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921643</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="10334" sha1="ong49io7es26vyhmwyphakwu9i4w3sp" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox football match
| title                   = 1994 European Super Cup
| image                   = 
| event                   = 
| team1                   = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
| team1association        = {{flagicon|ENG|size=30px}}
| team1score              = 0
| team2                   = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]
| team2association        = {{flagicon|ITA|size=30px}}
| team2score              = 2
| details                 = 
| firstleg                = First leg
| team1score1             = 0
| team2score1             = 0
| details1                = 
| date1                   = 1 Februar 1995
| stadium1                = [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]]
| city1                   = [[Lunnon]]
| man_of_the_match1a      = 
| man_of_the_match1atitle = 
| man_of_the_match1b      = 
| man_of_the_match1btitle = 
| referee1                = [[Mario van der Ende]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
| attendance1             = 38,044
| weather1                = 
| secondleg               = Seicont leg
| team1score2             = 0
| team2score2             = 2
| details2                = 
| date2                   = 8 Februar 1995
| stadium2                = [[San Siro]]
| city2                   = [[Milan]]
| man_of_the_match2a      = 
| man_of_the_match2atitle = 
| man_of_the_match2b      = 
| man_of_the_match2btitle = 
| referee2                = [[Hellmut Krug]] ([[German Fitbaa Association|Germany]])
| attendance2             = 23,953
| weather2                = 
| previous                = [[1993 European Super Cup|1993]]
| next                    = [[1995 UEFA Super Cup|1995]]
}}
The '''1994 UEFA Super Cup''' wis contestit atween [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] o [[Italy]] (the 1994 UEFA Champions League winners) an [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] o [[Ingland]] (the 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup winners). It wis wan bi Milan, 2–0 on aggregate.

The feenal wis contestit ower [[Twa-leggit tee|twa legs]]. The first leg teuk place at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]], [[London]] on 1 Februar 1995 an endit 0–0. The seicont leg teuk place at [[San Siro]], [[Milan]] on 8 Februar 1995 an Milan wan 2–0 wi goals frae [[Zvonomir Boban]] and [[Daniele Massaro]].

==Match==
===Details===
====First leg====
{{footballbox
|date = 1 Februar 1995
|time = 20:00 [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|team1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] {{flagicon|ENG}}
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team2 = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]], [[London]]
|attendance = 38,044
|referee = [[Mario van der Ende]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _arsenal9495a
 | pattern_b  = _arsenal9495a
 | pattern_ra = _arsenal9495a
 | leftarm    = FFFFFF
 | body       = FFFFFF
 | rightarm   = FFFFFF
 | shorts     = 00006A
 | socks      = 00006A
 | title      = Arsenal
}}
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _black_stripes
 | pattern_b  = _acmilan9495h
 | pattern_ra = _black_stripes
 | leftarm    = FF0000
 | body       = FF0000
 | rightarm   = FF0000
 | shorts     = FFFFFF
 | socks      = FFFFFF
 | title      = Milan
}}
|}

{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Dixon]] 
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Bould]]
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Adams]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Winterburn]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Schwarz]]
|-
|CM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[John Jensen]] || || {{suboff|85}}
|-
|CM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Selley]]
|- 
|CF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Wright]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[John Hartson]]
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} Kevin Campbell || || {{suboff|74}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Vince Bartram]]
|-
|DF ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Keown]]
|-
|MF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Hillier]] || || {{subon|85}}
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Merson]] || || {{subon|74}}
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Eddie McGoldrick]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|SCO}} George Graham
|}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; margin: auto;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sebastiano Rossi]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Tassotti]] 
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Maldini]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Demetrio Albertini]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Costacurta]]
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Baresi]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|RM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Donadoni]] 
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marcel Desailly]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marco Simone]] || {{yel|44}}
|-
|LM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Dejan Savićević]] || || {{suboff|89}}
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Daniele Massaro]] 
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mario Ielpo]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Filippo Galli]]
|-
|DF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Nava]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Eranio]]
|-
|FW ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Di Canio]] || || {{subon|89}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' 
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabio Capello]]
|}
|}

{| width=100% style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|
'''[[Assistant referee (association fitbaa)|Assistant referee]]s:'''
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} Robert Overkleeft ([[oyal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} Robertus Brekelmans ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Assistant referee (association fitbaa)#Fowert offeecial|Fowert offeecial]]:'''
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Wegereef]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
|}

===Second leg===
{{footballbox
|date = 8 Februar 1995
|time = 20:30 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
|score = 2–0
|report =
|team2 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
|goals1 = [[Zvonimir Boban|Boban]] {{goal|41}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Daniele Massaro|Massaro]] {{goal|67}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[San Siro]], [[Milan]]
|attendance = 23,953
|referee = [[Hellmut Krug]] ([[German Fitbaa Association|Germany]])
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _redborder
 | pattern_b  = _acmilan9495a
 | pattern_ra = _redborder
 | leftarm    = FFD50D
 | body       = FFD50D
 | rightarm   = FFD50D
 | shorts     = FFD50D
 | socks      = FFD50D
 | title      = Milan
}}
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_b  = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_ra = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_sh = _redstripes
 | leftarm    = FFFFFF
 | body       = FFFFFF
 | rightarm   = FFFFFF
 | shorts     = FFFFFF
 | socks      = FFFFFF
 | title      = Arsenal
}}
|}

{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sebastiano Rossi]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Tassotti]] 
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Christian Panucci]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Demetrio Albertini]] || {{yel|24}}
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Costacurta]] || {{yel|59}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Baresi]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|RM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Donadoni]] 
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marcel Desailly]] 
|-
|CM ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zvonimir Boban]]
|-
|LM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Dejan Savićević]] || || {{suboff|89}}
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Daniele Massaro]] || || {{suboff|80}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:''' 
|-
|GK ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mario Ielpo]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Filippo Galli]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Eranio]] || || {{subon|80}} 
|-
|FW ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Di Canio]] || || {{subon|89}} 
|-
|FW ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Melli]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' 
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabio Capello]]
|}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; margin: auto;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Dixon]] || || {{suboff|66}}
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Winterburn]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Schwarz]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Bould]] || {{yel|13}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Adams]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|CF ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} Kevin Campbell || || {{suboff|76}}
|- 
|CF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Wright]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[John Hartson]]
|-
|CM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Merson]] 
|-
|CM ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Selley]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Keown]] || || {{subon|76}}
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Andy Linighan]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[John Jensen]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ray Parlour]] || || {{subon|66}}
|-
|GK ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Vince Bartram]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|SCO}} George Graham
|}
|}

{| width=100% style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|
'''Assistant referees:'''
|}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season=1994/index.html Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312120000/http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season%3D1994/index.html |date=2017-03-12 }} frae [[UEFA]].com
* [http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec199394.html#sc Summary] from [[RSSSF]]

[[Category:Arsenal F.C. spiels|Super Cup 1994]]
[[Category:A.C. Milan spiels|Super Cup 1994]]
[[Category:1994–95 in European fitbaa|Super Cup]]
[[Category:UEFA Super Cup]]
[[Category:Internaitional club association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Italy]]
[[Category:Fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Lunnon]]</text>
      <sha1>ong49io7es26vyhmwyphakwu9i4w3sp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921768</id>
      <parentid>921643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:22:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921768</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10332" sha1="jxvihs96pmnow4j17a31mfzfojjf2fn" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox fitbaa match
| title                   = 1994 European Super Cup
| image                   = 
| event                   = 
| team1                   = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
| team1association        = {{flagicon|ENG|size=30px}}
| team1score              = 0
| team2                   = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]
| team2association        = {{flagicon|ITA|size=30px}}
| team2score              = 2
| details                 = 
| firstleg                = First leg
| team1score1             = 0
| team2score1             = 0
| details1                = 
| date1                   = 1 Februar 1995
| stadium1                = [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]]
| city1                   = [[Lunnon]]
| man_of_the_match1a      = 
| man_of_the_match1atitle = 
| man_of_the_match1b      = 
| man_of_the_match1btitle = 
| referee1                = [[Mario van der Ende]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
| attendance1             = 38,044
| weather1                = 
| secondleg               = Seicont leg
| team1score2             = 0
| team2score2             = 2
| details2                = 
| date2                   = 8 Februar 1995
| stadium2                = [[San Siro]]
| city2                   = [[Milan]]
| man_of_the_match2a      = 
| man_of_the_match2atitle = 
| man_of_the_match2b      = 
| man_of_the_match2btitle = 
| referee2                = [[Hellmut Krug]] ([[German Fitbaa Association|Germany]])
| attendance2             = 23,953
| weather2                = 
| previous                = [[1993 European Super Cup|1993]]
| next                    = [[1995 UEFA Super Cup|1995]]
}}
The '''1994 UEFA Super Cup''' wis contestit atween [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] o [[Italy]] (the 1994 UEFA Champions League winners) an [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] o [[Ingland]] (the 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup winners). It wis wan bi Milan, 2–0 on aggregate.

The feenal wis contestit ower [[Twa-leggit tee|twa legs]]. The first leg teuk place at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]], [[London]] on 1 Februar 1995 an endit 0–0. The seicont leg teuk place at [[San Siro]], [[Milan]] on 8 Februar 1995 an Milan wan 2–0 wi goals frae [[Zvonomir Boban]] and [[Daniele Massaro]].

==Match==
===Details===
====First leg====
{{footballbox
|date = 1 Februar 1995
|time = 20:00 [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|team1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] {{flagicon|ENG}}
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team2 = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]], [[London]]
|attendance = 38,044
|referee = [[Mario van der Ende]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _arsenal9495a
 | pattern_b  = _arsenal9495a
 | pattern_ra = _arsenal9495a
 | leftarm    = FFFFFF
 | body       = FFFFFF
 | rightarm   = FFFFFF
 | shorts     = 00006A
 | socks      = 00006A
 | title      = Arsenal
}}
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _black_stripes
 | pattern_b  = _acmilan9495h
 | pattern_ra = _black_stripes
 | leftarm    = FF0000
 | body       = FF0000
 | rightarm   = FF0000
 | shorts     = FFFFFF
 | socks      = FFFFFF
 | title      = Milan
}}
|}

{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Dixon]] 
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Bould]]
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Adams]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Winterburn]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Schwarz]]
|-
|CM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[John Jensen]] || || {{suboff|85}}
|-
|CM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Selley]]
|- 
|CF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Wright]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[John Hartson]]
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} Kevin Campbell || || {{suboff|74}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Vince Bartram]]
|-
|DF ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Keown]]
|-
|MF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Hillier]] || || {{subon|85}}
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Merson]] || || {{subon|74}}
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Eddie McGoldrick]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|SCO}} George Graham
|}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; margin: auto;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sebastiano Rossi]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Tassotti]] 
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Maldini]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Demetrio Albertini]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Costacurta]]
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Baresi]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|RM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Donadoni]] 
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marcel Desailly]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marco Simone]] || {{yel|44}}
|-
|LM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Dejan Savićević]] || || {{suboff|89}}
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Daniele Massaro]] 
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mario Ielpo]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Filippo Galli]]
|-
|DF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Nava]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Eranio]]
|-
|FW ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Di Canio]] || || {{subon|89}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' 
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabio Capello]]
|}
|}

{| width=100% style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|
'''[[Assistant referee (association fitbaa)|Assistant referee]]s:'''
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} Robert Overkleeft ([[oyal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} Robertus Brekelmans ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Assistant referee (association fitbaa)#Fowert offeecial|Fowert offeecial]]:'''
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Wegereef]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
|}

===Second leg===
{{footballbox
|date = 8 Februar 1995
|time = 20:30 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
|score = 2–0
|report =
|team2 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
|goals1 = [[Zvonimir Boban|Boban]] {{goal|41}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Daniele Massaro|Massaro]] {{goal|67}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[San Siro]], [[Milan]]
|attendance = 23,953
|referee = [[Hellmut Krug]] ([[German Fitbaa Association|Germany]])
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _redborder
 | pattern_b  = _acmilan9495a
 | pattern_ra = _redborder
 | leftarm    = FFD50D
 | body       = FFD50D
 | rightarm   = FFD50D
 | shorts     = FFD50D
 | socks      = FFD50D
 | title      = Milan
}}
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_b  = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_ra = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_sh = _redstripes
 | leftarm    = FFFFFF
 | body       = FFFFFF
 | rightarm   = FFFFFF
 | shorts     = FFFFFF
 | socks      = FFFFFF
 | title      = Arsenal
}}
|}

{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sebastiano Rossi]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Tassotti]] 
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Christian Panucci]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Demetrio Albertini]] || {{yel|24}}
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Costacurta]] || {{yel|59}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Baresi]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|RM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Donadoni]] 
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marcel Desailly]] 
|-
|CM ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zvonimir Boban]]
|-
|LM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Dejan Savićević]] || || {{suboff|89}}
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Daniele Massaro]] || || {{suboff|80}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:''' 
|-
|GK ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mario Ielpo]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Filippo Galli]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Eranio]] || || {{subon|80}} 
|-
|FW ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Di Canio]] || || {{subon|89}} 
|-
|FW ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Melli]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' 
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabio Capello]]
|}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; margin: auto;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Dixon]] || || {{suboff|66}}
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Winterburn]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Schwarz]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Bould]] || {{yel|13}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Adams]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|CF ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} Kevin Campbell || || {{suboff|76}}
|- 
|CF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Wright]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[John Hartson]]
|-
|CM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Merson]] 
|-
|CM ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Selley]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Keown]] || || {{subon|76}}
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Andy Linighan]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[John Jensen]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ray Parlour]] || || {{subon|66}}
|-
|GK ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Vince Bartram]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|SCO}} George Graham
|}
|}

{| width=100% style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|
'''Assistant referees:'''
|}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season=1994/index.html Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312120000/http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season%3D1994/index.html |date=2017-03-12 }} frae [[UEFA]].com
* [http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec199394.html#sc Summary] from [[RSSSF]]

[[Category:Arsenal F.C. spiels|Super Cup 1994]]
[[Category:A.C. Milan spiels|Super Cup 1994]]
[[Category:1994–95 in European fitbaa|Super Cup]]
[[Category:UEFA Super Cup]]
[[Category:Internaitional club association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Italy]]
[[Category:Fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Lunnon]]</text>
      <sha1>jxvihs96pmnow4j17a31mfzfojjf2fn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921769</id>
      <parentid>921768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:22:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921769</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9898" sha1="0xixytesb6m2qhdlx8vftuhldefxjim" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox fitbaa match
| title                   = 1994 European Super Cup
| team1                   = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
| team1association        = {{flagicon|ENG|size=30px}}
| team1score              = 0
| team2                   = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]
| team2association        = {{flagicon|ITA|size=30px}}
| team2score              = 2
| firstleg                = First leg
| team1score1             = 0
| team2score1             = 0
| date1                   = 1 Februar 1995
| stadium1                = [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]]
| city1                   = [[Lunnon]]
| referee1                = [[Mario van der Ende]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
| attendance1             = 38,044
| secondleg               = Seicont leg
| team1score2             = 0
| team2score2             = 2 
| date2                   = 8 Februar 1995
| stadium2                = [[San Siro]]
| city2                   = [[Milan]]
| referee2                = [[Hellmut Krug]] ([[German Fitbaa Association|Germany]])
| attendance2             = 23,953
| previous                = [[1993 European Super Cup|1993]]
| next                    = [[1995 UEFA Super Cup|1995]]
}}
The '''1994 UEFA Super Cup''' wis contestit atween [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] o [[Italy]] (the 1994 UEFA Champions League winners) an [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] o [[Ingland]] (the 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup winners). It wis wan bi Milan, 2–0 on aggregate.

The feenal wis contestit ower [[Twa-leggit tee|twa legs]]. The first leg teuk place at [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]], [[London]] on 1 Februar 1995 an endit 0–0. The seicont leg teuk place at [[San Siro]], [[Milan]] on 8 Februar 1995 an Milan wan 2–0 wi goals frae [[Zvonomir Boban]] and [[Daniele Massaro]].

==Match==
===Details===
====First leg====
{{footballbox
|date = 1 Februar 1995
|time = 20:00 [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|team1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] {{flagicon|ENG}}
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team2 = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Arsenal Stadium|Highbury]], [[London]]
|attendance = 38,044
|referee = [[Mario van der Ende]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _arsenal9495a
 | pattern_b  = _arsenal9495a
 | pattern_ra = _arsenal9495a
 | leftarm    = FFFFFF
 | body       = FFFFFF
 | rightarm   = FFFFFF
 | shorts     = 00006A
 | socks      = 00006A
 | title      = Arsenal
}}
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _black_stripes
 | pattern_b  = _acmilan9495h
 | pattern_ra = _black_stripes
 | leftarm    = FF0000
 | body       = FF0000
 | rightarm   = FF0000
 | shorts     = FFFFFF
 | socks      = FFFFFF
 | title      = Milan
}}
|}

{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Dixon]] 
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Bould]]
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Adams]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Winterburn]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Schwarz]]
|-
|CM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[John Jensen]] || || {{suboff|85}}
|-
|CM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Selley]]
|- 
|CF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Wright]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[John Hartson]]
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} Kevin Campbell || || {{suboff|74}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Vince Bartram]]
|-
|DF ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Keown]]
|-
|MF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Hillier]] || || {{subon|85}}
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Merson]] || || {{subon|74}}
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Eddie McGoldrick]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|SCO}} George Graham
|}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; margin: auto;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sebastiano Rossi]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Tassotti]] 
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Maldini]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Demetrio Albertini]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Costacurta]]
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Baresi]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|RM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Donadoni]] 
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marcel Desailly]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marco Simone]] || {{yel|44}}
|-
|LM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Dejan Savićević]] || || {{suboff|89}}
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Daniele Massaro]] 
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mario Ielpo]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Filippo Galli]]
|-
|DF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Nava]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Eranio]]
|-
|FW ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Di Canio]] || || {{subon|89}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' 
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabio Capello]]
|}
|}

{| width=100% style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|
'''[[Assistant referee (association fitbaa)|Assistant referee]]s:'''
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} Robert Overkleeft ([[oyal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} Robertus Brekelmans ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Assistant referee (association fitbaa)#Fowert offeecial|Fowert offeecial]]:'''
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Wegereef]] ([[Ryal Dutch Fitbaa Association|Netherlands]])
|}

===Second leg===
{{footballbox
|date = 8 Februar 1995
|time = 20:30 [[Central European Time|CET]]
|team1 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
|score = 2–0
|report =
|team2 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
|goals1 = [[Zvonimir Boban|Boban]] {{goal|41}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Daniele Massaro|Massaro]] {{goal|67}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[San Siro]], [[Milan]]
|attendance = 23,953
|referee = [[Hellmut Krug]] ([[German Fitbaa Association|Germany]])
}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _redborder
 | pattern_b  = _acmilan9495a
 | pattern_ra = _redborder
 | leftarm    = FFD50D
 | body       = FFD50D
 | rightarm   = FFD50D
 | shorts     = FFD50D
 | socks      = FFD50D
 | title      = Milan
}}
|{{Football kit
 | pattern_la = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_b  = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_ra = _arsenal9495h
 | pattern_sh = _redstripes
 | leftarm    = FFFFFF
 | body       = FFFFFF
 | rightarm   = FFFFFF
 | shorts     = FFFFFF
 | socks      = FFFFFF
 | title      = Arsenal
}}
|}

{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sebastiano Rossi]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Tassotti]] 
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Christian Panucci]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Demetrio Albertini]] || {{yel|24}}
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Costacurta]] || {{yel|59}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Baresi]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|RM ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Donadoni]] 
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marcel Desailly]] 
|-
|CM ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zvonimir Boban]]
|-
|LM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Dejan Savićević]] || || {{suboff|89}}
|-
|CF ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Daniele Massaro]] || || {{suboff|80}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:''' 
|-
|GK ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mario Ielpo]]
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Filippo Galli]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Eranio]] || || {{subon|80}} 
|-
|FW ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Di Canio]] || || {{subon|89}} 
|-
|FW ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Melli]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' 
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabio Capello]]
|}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;|
{| style=&quot;font-size: 90%; margin: auto;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Seaman]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Dixon]] || || {{suboff|66}}
|-
|LB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Winterburn]]
|-
|CM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Schwarz]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Bould]] || {{yel|13}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Adams]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]])
|-
|CF ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} Kevin Campbell || || {{suboff|76}}
|- 
|CF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Wright]] 
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[John Hartson]]
|-
|CM ||'''10''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Merson]] 
|-
|CM ||'''11''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Selley]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF ||'''12''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Keown]] || || {{subon|76}}
|-
|DF ||'''13''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Andy Linighan]]
|-
|MF ||'''14''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[John Jensen]]
|-
|MF ||'''15''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ray Parlour]] || || {{subon|66}}
|-
|GK ||'''16''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Vince Bartram]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|SCO}} George Graham
|}
|}

{| width=100% style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|
'''Assistant referees:'''
|}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season=1994/index.html Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312120000/http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season%3D1994/index.html |date=2017-03-12 }} frae [[UEFA]].com
* [http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec199394.html#sc Summary] from [[RSSSF]]

[[Category:Arsenal F.C. spiels|Super Cup 1994]]
[[Category:A.C. Milan spiels|Super Cup 1994]]
[[Category:1994–95 in European fitbaa|Super Cup]]
[[Category:UEFA Super Cup]]
[[Category:Internaitional club association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Italy]]
[[Category:Fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Lunnon]]</text>
      <sha1>0xixytesb6m2qhdlx8vftuhldefxjim</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rafael (fitbawer, born 1990)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81031</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921649</id>
      <parentid>899070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:46:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29303" sha1="bovevje1u3kc2woguhie2tceu5408hk" xml:space="preserve">{{Portuguese name|Pereira|Da Silva}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name           = Rafael
| image          = Rafael Man Utd 2011.jpg
| image_size     = 265
| caption        = Rafael wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2011
| fullname       = Rafael Pereira da Silva&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |work=PremierLeague.com |publisher=Premier League |page=24 |format=PDF |date=2 February 2012 |accessdate=2 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1990|7|9|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Petrópolis]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| height         = {{height|m=1.73}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Player Profile: Rafael da Silva |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/rafael |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=31 July 2012 |archive-date=2013-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009185643/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/rafael |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| position       = [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Full-back|Richt-back]]
| currentclub    = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]
| clubnumber     = 20
| youthyears1    = 2005–2008 |youthclubs1 = [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]]
| years1         = 2008–2015 |clubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps1 = 109 |goals1 = 5
| years2         = 2015–     |clubs2 = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]                  |caps2 = 41  |goals2 = 1&lt;!-- LEAGUE ONLY --&gt;
| nationalyears1 = 2007  |nationalteam1 = [[Brazil naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Brazil U17]]&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Only includes [[2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] and [[2007 South American Under-17 Football Championship]]&lt;/ref&gt; |nationalcaps1 = 12 |nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2012  |nationalteam2 = [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Brazil U23]] |nationalcaps2 = 7  |nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2012  |nationalteam3 = [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]]              |nationalcaps3 = 2  |nationalgoals3 = 0
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{BRA}}}} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Football]]}} 
{{MedalSilver|[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team Competition]]}}
| pcupdate       = 15:23, 11 May 2014 (UTC)
| ntupdate       = 16:00, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
}}
'''Rafael Pereira da Silva''' (born 9 July 1990), commonly kent as '''Rafael''' or '''Rafael da Silva''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]] wha plays for [[Olympique Lyonnais]]. He normally plays as a [[defender (association fitbaw)|richt-back]], but can play on the richt side o [[midfield]] an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rafael: Most Improved Players&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1585120-20-most-improved-players-in-2012-13/page/8 |title=Rafael: Most Improved Players |date=28 March 2013 |accessdate=7 April 2013 |first=Ed |last=Dove |publisher=Bleacher Report }}&lt;/ref&gt; He an his twin brither, [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], baith jyned Manchester United frae [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]] in Januar 2007.

Rafael haes twa caps for [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], haein made his debut in a 3–1 victory ower [[Denmark naitional fitbaw team|Denmark]] on 26 Mey 2012. He haes played for Brazil at [[Brazil naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|unner-17]] level an aw an wis pairt o the siller medal-winnin [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|unner-23]] side at the [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Simmer Olympics]].

==Early life==
Rafael wis born in [[Petrópolis]], approximately ane oor's drive awa frae [[Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro state]], an began playin fitbaw from the age o five. He began his career wi amateur side Boa Esperança, playin as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]].&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Taylor |title=Dazzling Da Silvas plan twin-pronged assault for United |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/nov/15/manchesterunited-premierleague |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=15 November 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; He an his identical twin, [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], wur then spottit bi a representative o [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]] playin [[Five-a-side football|five-a-side]] in their neebourheid; he invitit thaim tae jyn the club an they began livin thare when they wur 11 year auld.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Manchester United's Rafael and Fabio Da Silva set sights on twin goals |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/apr/20/rafael-fabio-da-silva |work=The Guardian |location=London |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=20 April 2009 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Sharma |first2=Rupert |last2=Rowling}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Club career==
===Fluminense===
Upon jynin Fluminense, Rafael wis convertit tae play at [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Full-back|full-back]] bi the youth team coach.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; The club then teuk pairt in the 2005 Nike Premier Cup in Hong Kong, whaur Rafael wis spottit by [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] scout [[Les Kershaw]], who remarkit that the twins reminded him o &quot;twa little whippets&quot;. Kershaw then telephoned Manchester United manager [[Alex Ferguson]] an recommendit that the club sign the Da Silva twins.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; Manchester United got in touch wi Fluminense an askit permission for the twins tae travel tae Manchester tae train wi thaim in 2005. Shortly efterwairds, a scout claimin tae represent [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] visitit the twins an askit thaim tae come tae Ingland tae train wi Arsenal athoot the permission o Fluminense; housomeivver, they wur dissuadit frae this bi their mither, who remindit thaim that they haed been wi Fluminense syne they wur 11, an that they should show the club some lyalty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Ian |last=McGarry |title=Rafael: &quot;Arsenal scout&quot; wanted to tap me up |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article2324835.ece |work=Sun Online |publisher=News Group Newspapers |date=18 March 2009 |accessdate=18 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tharefore, they decidit tae sign for Manchester United ower Arsenal, an the twa clubs greeit a deal in Februar 2007; the twins muivit tae Manchester in Januar 2008 athoot iver haein played for the Fluminense first team.&lt;ref name=&quot;stone&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Stone |title=Rafael gives Ferguson selection dilemma |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rafael-gives-ferguson-selection-dilemma-968064.html |work=The Independent |location=London |publisher=Independent News and Media |date=21 October 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |archive-date=2008-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225120939/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rafael-gives-ferguson-selection-dilemma-968064.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--
===Manchester United===
====2008–09 saison====
[[File:Rafael da Silva.jpg|thumb|Rafael playin for Manchester United]]
The twins decidit tae sign for Manchester United, an a deal wis agreeit atween the twa clubs in Februar 2007. The twins muivit tae Manchester in Januar 2008, but wur unable tae play in matches till they turned 18 in Julie 2008. Rafael made his first appearance for the club in a 2–0 friendly win ower [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] on 4 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=Report: Peterbro' 0 United 2 |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2008/Aug/Report-Peterbro-0-United-2.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=4 August 2008 |accessdate=4 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael was then registered in the club's senior squad for the [[2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season|2008–09 season]] and was assigned the number 21 shirt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Soccerlens |title=Manchester United 08-09 Squad Numbers |url=http://soccerlens.com/manchester-united-08-09-squad-numbers/9798/ |work=Soccerlens.com |publisher=Soccerlens |date=16 August 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made his competitive debut for Manchester United on the opening day of the [[2008–09 Premier League|2008–09 Premier League season]], replacing [[Fraizer Campbell]] in their 1–1 home draw [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] on 17 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Stevenson |title=Man Utd 1–1 Newcastle |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7551173.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 August 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rafael's first start for Manchester United came on 23 September in their 3–1 home victory over [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] in the Third Round of the [[2008–09 Football League Cup|League Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd 3–1 Middlesbrough |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7626743.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 September 2008 |accessdate=23 September 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made first start in [[UEFA#Club|European competition]] in United's 3–0 away win over [[AaB Fodbold|Aalborg BK]] in the [[UEFA Champions League]] on 30 September.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Aalborg 0–3 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7639326.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 September 2008 |accessdate=12 November 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made his first [[Premier League]] start in Manchester United's 4–0 home win over [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] on 18 October.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Whyatt |title=Man Utd 4–0 West Brom |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7665094.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 October 2008 |accessdate=18 October 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 November, Rafael scored his first goal for Manchester United, netting a 90th minute consolation goal in a 2–1 defeat to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] at the [[Emirates Stadium]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Arsenal 2–1 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7697409.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=8 November 2008 |accessdate=8 November 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 19 April 2009, in the [[FA Cup]] semi-final against [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], Rafael and his twin brother Fábio started a match together for Manchester United for the first time. United, however, lost the match 4–2 on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd 0–0 Everton (aet) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/7990227.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=19 April 2009 |accessdate=19 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; At the end of Rafael's first professional season, he and his Manchester United teammate [[Jonny Evans]] were shortlisted as nominees for the [[PFA Young Player of the Year]] award.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd dominate PFA awards list |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7998204.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=14 April 2009 |accessdate=14 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The two of them, however, were beaten to the award by [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]'s [[Ashley Young]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Giggs earns prestigious PFA award |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8019726.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 April 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In recognition of his successful first season in English football, Rafael was handed a two-year extension to his Manchester United contract, tying him to the club until 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael extends Man Utd contract |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8020724.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 April 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2009–10 season====
[[File:Rafael ~ Man U.jpg|thumb|left|Rafael defending against [[Morten Gamst Pedersen]] of [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]]]
On 27 October 2009, Fábio, Rafael's twin brother, was booked for a foul committed by Rafael in United's 2–0 [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] victory over [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article6895521.ece |title=Manchester United appeal over 'mistaken identity' booking for Fabio da Silva |last=Brodie |first=Alex |work=The Times |location=London |publisher=News Corporation |date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manchester United appealed and [[The Football Association|The FA]] agreed it was a case of mistaken identity, transferring the card over to Rafael.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=FA rejects Degen red card appeal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8332754.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 November 2009 |accessdate=4 November 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 December, Rafael scored the second goal of his Manchester United career and the first at [[Old Trafford]] in a 5–0 league win over [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Lyon |title=Man Utd 5–0 Wigan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8429015.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 December 2009 |accessdate=30 December 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 7 April 2010, Rafael was sent off for the first time in his United career, receiving two yellow cards either side of half-time against [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in the second leg of the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Second leg 2|quarter-final tie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Geoff |last=Berkeley |title=Man United 3 Bayern Munich 2 (Ratings) |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2010/Apr/United-3-Bayern-Munich-2.aspx?article=ratings |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite United winning the game, they were eliminated from the competition due to the [[Away goals rule|away goals]] rule when the aggregate score was 4–4.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man Utd 3–2 Bayern Munich (agg 4–4) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8604742.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this red card, [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] praised Rafael for his performance and stated that &quot;he absolutely dominated [[Franck Ribéry]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Geoff |last=Berkeley |title=Sir Alex backs Rafael |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2010/Apr/Sir-Alex-backs-Rafael.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=9 April 2010 |accessdate=9 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2010–11 season====
On 16 January 2011, Rafael was sent off for a second occasion, collecting two bookings in a 0–0 league draw against [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] at [[White Hart Lane]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Tottenham 0–0 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9357959.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael received an £8,000 fine and a warning about his future conduct by The FA following his red card.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd defender Rafael receives FA fine and warning |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9364561.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=21 January 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael suffered a concussion in United's 3–2 away victory over [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] on 25 January, the match following his one-game ban, and was taken to hospital for [[X-ray]]s before later being released.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Blackpool 2–3 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9371173.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 January 2011 |accessdate=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael collided with Blackpool's [[Marlon Harewood]] during the second half, which resulted in 10 minutes of stoppage time, and forced Rafael out of United's FA Cup tie away to [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] on 29 January.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael to miss Man Utd FA Cup tie against Southampton |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9376483.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 January 2011 |accessdate=26 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2011–12 saison====
Rafael made his first competitive start of the season since the [[FA Community Shield|Community Shield]] victory back in August against [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] in the League Cup on 20 November 2011, a game which United lost 2–1 in extra time. On 31 December, Rafael started his first league game of the season against [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], playing in an unusual defensive midfield role with [[Park Ji-Sung]] before moving to right-back for the second half. He was later replaced by [[Will Keane]] in the 85th minute.

====2012–13 saison====
On 2 July 2012, Rafael signed a new four-year contract which will keep him at the club until 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael pens new deal |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jul/rafael-signs-contract-extension.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=2 July 2012 |accessdate=2 July 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; For the [[2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season|2012–13 season]], Rafael was given the number 2 shirt, previously worn by [[Gary Neville]], who retired in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Marshall |title=Reds reveal shirt numbers |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Aug/manchester-united-squad-numbers-for-2012-2013-season.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=17 August 2012 |accessdate=17 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; After missing the opening game of the season, he returned to play against [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] on 25 August 2012, and scored United's third goal (and his third for the club) in a 3–2 win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Alistair |last=Magowan |title=Man Utd 3-2 Fulham |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19304316 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 August 2012 |accessdate=25 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 September 2012, Rafael scored the equalising goal in a 1–2 United win at [[Anfield]] over [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. After receiving a layoff from [[Shinji Kagawa]], he cut inside onto his left foot and curled a shot past [[Pepe Reina]] and into the top corner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Liverpool 1-2 Man Utd |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19615059 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 September 2012 |accessdate=23 September 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 October 2012, Rafael made his 100th appearance for United in a 3–2 win over Portuguese side [[S.C. Braga|Braga]]. On 23 February 2013, Rafael scored United's first goal in a 0–2 league win away to [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]], hitting the ball on the half-volley from 25 yards out, through a crowd of players and into the top corner of the goal. On 5 May, Rafael was sent off against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] for a challenge on [[David Luiz]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22424914]&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
==Internaitional career==
In 2007, Rafael played for Brazil's naitional unner-17 team in the [[FIFA U-17 Warld Cup]]. He wis approached bi [[Portugal national football team|Portuguese]] naitional coach [[Carlos Queiroz]] an askit tae play for Portugal's senior side, as baith Rafael an Fábio hauld Portuguese ceetizenship. Rafael indicatit a willinness tae tak Queiroz up on his affer if he did no end up playin for [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], while Fábio remained set on playin for Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;/&gt; 
On 26 Julie 2010, Rafael wis cried up tae the Brazilian senior team for the first time, as he wis includit in new coach [[Mano Menezes]]' first squad for their [[Exhibition game|friendly]] against the [[Unitit States men's naitional soccer team|Unitit States]] on 10 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Brazil call up Rafael and Lucas for US friendly. |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8856880.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 July 2010 |accessdate=26 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rafael wis oreeginally left oot o the Brazil squad for their friendlies in Mey an Juin 2012, but wis later cried up tae replace the injured [[Daniel Alves]]. [[F.C. Porto|FC Porto]] richt back [[Danilo Luiz da Silva|Danilo]] wis selectit aheid o Rafael for the gemme against [[Denmark naitional fitbaw team|Denmark]] on 26 Mey, but he did eventually come on as a substitute tae make his senior internaitional debut. On 26 Julie 2012, Rafael scored [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Brazilian unner-23 team's]] first goal o the [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's toornament|Olympics]] in a 3–2 victory ower [[Egyp naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Egyp]].
In December 2013, The Times reportit that he haed considered representin Ingland at internaitional level, housomeivver he decidit against it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rafael Da Silva abandons plan to qualify for England|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/public/football/article3953916.ece|publisher=The Times|accessdate=20 December 2013|date=20 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis no eligible for Ingland as he haed representit Brazil in 2007 at U17 level in a FIFA recognisit 'offeecial competeetion' meaning that the anerly naitional teams he coud chuise atween wad be Brazil an Portugal - the naitions he wis eligible tae represent at the time he played in the 2007 Sooth American Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship.

==Playin style==
Alang wi his brither [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], Rafael haes been praised for his energetic style, an haes been describit as a &quot;excellent footballer&quot; bi [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=Meet the da Silva twins |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Features/2008/Aug/Meet-the-da-Silva-twins.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |page=2 |date=6 August 2008 |accessdate=9 December 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Les Kershaw]], the umwhile Manchester United academy manager who spottit thaim, describit the pair as bein like &quot;two little [[whippet]]s,&quot; praisin hou &quot;when they got knocked down, they just got straight back up again an got on with it. They were like bouncing balls... very, very quick.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; ''[[The Times]]'' haes cried thaim &quot;Brazil's answer tae the Neville brithers ([[Gary Neville|Gary]] an [[Phil Neville]]).&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3200669.ece |title=Brazilian twins set for switch to Manchester United |location=London |work=The Times |publisher=News Corporation |first=Oliver |last=Kay |date=17 January 2008 |accessdate=2 May 2010 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201060456/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3200669.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==
{{updated|11 May 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/rafael.html |title=Rafael |accessdate=30 January 2014 |publisher=StretfordEnd.co.uk }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Saison
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]]
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Other&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Includes other competitive competitions, including the [[FA Community Shield]], [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]&lt;/ref&gt;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|2008–09
|16||1||2||0||5||0||4||0||1||0||28||1
|-
|2009–10
|8||1||0||0||4||0||4||0||0||0||16||1
|-
|2010–11
|16||0||3||0||2||0||7||0||0||0||28||0
|-
|2011–12
|12||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||1||0||18||0
|-
2012–13
|28||3||4||0||1||0||7||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|–||40||3
|-
|2013–14
|19||0||0||0||5||0||3||0||1||0||28||0
|-
|2014–15
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career total
!99!!5!!10!!0!!18!!0!!28!!0!!3!!0!!158!!5
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Manchester United
*[[Premier League]] (3): 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
*[[Football League Cup]] (1): 2009–10
*[[FA Community Shield]] (3): 2008, 2011, 2013
*[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] (1): 2008

===Internaitional===
;Brazil
*[[Sooth American Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship]] (1): 2007
*[[Simmer Olympic Games|Olympic Siller Medal]] (1): [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's toornament|2012]]

==Personal life==
Rafael's twin brither [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]] is a profeesional fitbawer an aw; baith twins signed for Manchester United at the same time in 2008. The twins' elder brither, Luiz Henrique Pereira da Silva, uised tae play for [[América Futebol Clube (MG)|América-MG]] in Brazil an [[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]] in Italy, but muivit wi his wife tae Ingland when the twins signed for Manchester United. Efter a sax-week wait for internaitional clearance, Luiz Henrique signed for [[Radcliffe Borough F.C.|Radcliffe Borough]], but he an his wife returned tae Brazil in early 2009 in preparation for the birth o their bairn, whaur he returned tae Ingland few months later.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Boro sign boy from Brazil |url=http://www.radcliffeborough.com/newsdetails.php?news_id=721 |work=radcliffeborough.com |publisher=Radcliffe Borough FC |date=29 October 2008 |accessdate=24 April 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715143028/http://www.radcliffeborough.com/newsdetails.php?news_id=721 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Despite stairtin their careers at Fluminense, baith Fábio an Rafael are actually supporters o their local rivals [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tgyga&quot;/&gt;

Rafael is marriet tae Carla.&lt;ref name=&quot;tgyga&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Fábio and Rafael: twins united in mission for the Republic of Silva |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/may/25/rafael-fabio-da-silva-manchester-united-barcelona |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=Fernando |last=Duarte |publisher=Guardian Media Group |date=25 May 2011 |accessdate=25 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 4 Januar 2012, the couple haed their first vairn, a girl namit Eduarda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Eduarda, Carla and Rafael Da Silva |url=http://www.soccer.mu/eduarda-carla-and-rafael-da-silva/ |work=Soccer.MU |publisher=Soccer.MU |date=30 May 2011 |accessdate=30 May 2011 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523062903/http://www.soccer.mu/eduarda-carla-and-rafael-da-silva/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notes==
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Rafael da Silva}}
*[http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Rafael.aspx Profile] at ManUtd.com
*[http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/rafael-da-silva Rafael Da Silva Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221105647/http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/rafael-da-silva |date=2012-12-21 }} The Official PFA website
*{{soccerbase|49556|Rafael da Silva}}

{{Brazil men football squad 2007 Pan American Games}}
{{Brazil squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
{{Olympique Lyonnais squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rafael Pereira da Silva}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Petrópolis]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw defenders]]
[[Category:Brazilian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Brazilian fowk o Portuguese strynd]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Portugal]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Twin fowk frae Brazil]]
[[Category:Twin sportsfowk]]
[[Category:Brazil internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2007 Pan American Gemmes]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Brazil]]
[[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Brazil]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]]
[[Category:Brazil youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympique Lyonnais players]]</text>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="29301" sha1="pnez97oxahtmkpcq2zk34vhb769149y" xml:space="preserve">{{Portuguese name|Pereira|Da Silva}}
{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name           = Rafael
| image          = Rafael Man Utd 2011.jpg
| image_size     = 265
| caption        = Rafael wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2011
| fullname       = Rafael Pereira da Silva&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |work=PremierLeague.com |publisher=Premier League |page=24 |format=PDF |date=2 February 2012 |accessdate=2 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1990|7|9|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Petrópolis]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| height         = {{height|m=1.73}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Player Profile: Rafael da Silva |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/rafael |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=31 July 2012 |archive-date=2013-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009185643/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/rafael |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| position       = [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Full-back|Richt-back]]
| currentclub    = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]
| clubnumber     = 20
| youthyears1    = 2005–2008 |youthclubs1 = [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]]
| years1         = 2008–2015 |clubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps1 = 109 |goals1 = 5
| years2         = 2015–     |clubs2 = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]                  |caps2 = 41  |goals2 = 1&lt;!-- LEAGUE ONLY --&gt;
| nationalyears1 = 2007  |nationalteam1 = [[Brazil naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Brazil U17]]&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Only includes [[2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] and [[2007 South American Under-17 Football Championship]]&lt;/ref&gt; |nationalcaps1 = 12 |nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2012  |nationalteam2 = [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Brazil U23]] |nationalcaps2 = 7  |nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2012  |nationalteam3 = [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]]              |nationalcaps3 = 2  |nationalgoals3 = 0
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{BRA}}}} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Football]]}} 
{{MedalSilver|[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team Competition]]}}
| pcupdate       = 15:23, 11 May 2014 (UTC)
| ntupdate       = 16:00, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
}}
'''Rafael Pereira da Silva''' (born 9 July 1990), commonly kent as '''Rafael''' or '''Rafael da Silva''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]] wha plays for [[Olympique Lyonnais]]. He normally plays as a [[defender (association fitbaw)|richt-back]], but can play on the richt side o [[midfield]] an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rafael: Most Improved Players&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1585120-20-most-improved-players-in-2012-13/page/8 |title=Rafael: Most Improved Players |date=28 March 2013 |accessdate=7 April 2013 |first=Ed |last=Dove |publisher=Bleacher Report }}&lt;/ref&gt; He an his twin brither, [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], baith jyned Manchester United frae [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]] in Januar 2007.

Rafael haes twa caps for [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], haein made his debut in a 3–1 victory ower [[Denmark naitional fitbaw team|Denmark]] on 26 Mey 2012. He haes played for Brazil at [[Brazil naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|unner-17]] level an aw an wis pairt o the siller medal-winnin [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|unner-23]] side at the [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Simmer Olympics]].

==Early life==
Rafael wis born in [[Petrópolis]], approximately ane oor's drive awa frae [[Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro state]], an began playin fitbaw from the age o five. He began his career wi amateur side Boa Esperança, playin as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]].&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Taylor |title=Dazzling Da Silvas plan twin-pronged assault for United |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/nov/15/manchesterunited-premierleague |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=15 November 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; He an his identical twin, [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], wur then spottit bi a representative o [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]] playin [[Five-a-side football|five-a-side]] in their neebourheid; he invitit thaim tae jyn the club an they began livin thare when they wur 11 year auld.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Manchester United's Rafael and Fabio Da Silva set sights on twin goals |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/apr/20/rafael-fabio-da-silva |work=The Guardian |location=London |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=20 April 2009 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Sharma |first2=Rupert |last2=Rowling}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Club career==
===Fluminense===
Upon jynin Fluminense, Rafael wis convertit tae play at [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Full-back|full-back]] bi the youth team coach.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; The club then teuk pairt in the 2005 Nike Premier Cup in Hong Kong, whaur Rafael wis spottit by [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] scout [[Les Kershaw]], who remarkit that the twins reminded him o &quot;twa little whippets&quot;. Kershaw then telephoned Manchester United manager [[Alex Ferguson]] an recommendit that the club sign the Da Silva twins.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; Manchester United got in touch wi Fluminense an askit permission for the twins tae travel tae Manchester tae train wi thaim in 2005. Shortly efterwairds, a scout claimin tae represent [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] visitit the twins an askit thaim tae come tae Ingland tae train wi Arsenal athoot the permission o Fluminense; housomeivver, they wur dissuadit frae this bi their mither, who remindit thaim that they haed been wi Fluminense syne they wur 11, an that they should show the club some lyalty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Ian |last=McGarry |title=Rafael: &quot;Arsenal scout&quot; wanted to tap me up |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article2324835.ece |work=Sun Online |publisher=News Group Newspapers |date=18 March 2009 |accessdate=18 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tharefore, they decidit tae sign for Manchester United ower Arsenal, an the twa clubs greeit a deal in Februar 2007; the twins muivit tae Manchester in Januar 2008 athoot iver haein played for the Fluminense first team.&lt;ref name=&quot;stone&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Stone |title=Rafael gives Ferguson selection dilemma |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rafael-gives-ferguson-selection-dilemma-968064.html |work=The Independent |location=London |publisher=Independent News and Media |date=21 October 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |archive-date=2008-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225120939/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rafael-gives-ferguson-selection-dilemma-968064.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--
===Manchester United===
====2008–09 saison====
[[File:Rafael da Silva.jpg|thumb|Rafael playin for Manchester United]]
The twins decidit tae sign for Manchester United, an a deal wis agreeit atween the twa clubs in Februar 2007. The twins muivit tae Manchester in Januar 2008, but wur unable tae play in matches till they turned 18 in Julie 2008. Rafael made his first appearance for the club in a 2–0 friendly win ower [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] on 4 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=Report: Peterbro' 0 United 2 |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2008/Aug/Report-Peterbro-0-United-2.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=4 August 2008 |accessdate=4 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael was then registered in the club's senior squad for the [[2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season|2008–09 season]] and was assigned the number 21 shirt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Soccerlens |title=Manchester United 08-09 Squad Numbers |url=http://soccerlens.com/manchester-united-08-09-squad-numbers/9798/ |work=Soccerlens.com |publisher=Soccerlens |date=16 August 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made his competitive debut for Manchester United on the opening day of the [[2008–09 Premier League|2008–09 Premier League season]], replacing [[Fraizer Campbell]] in their 1–1 home draw [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] on 17 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Stevenson |title=Man Utd 1–1 Newcastle |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7551173.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 August 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rafael's first start for Manchester United came on 23 September in their 3–1 home victory over [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] in the Third Round of the [[2008–09 Football League Cup|League Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd 3–1 Middlesbrough |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7626743.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 September 2008 |accessdate=23 September 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made first start in [[UEFA#Club|European competition]] in United's 3–0 away win over [[AaB Fodbold|Aalborg BK]] in the [[UEFA Champions League]] on 30 September.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Aalborg 0–3 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7639326.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 September 2008 |accessdate=12 November 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made his first [[Premier League]] start in Manchester United's 4–0 home win over [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] on 18 October.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Whyatt |title=Man Utd 4–0 West Brom |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7665094.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 October 2008 |accessdate=18 October 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 November, Rafael scored his first goal for Manchester United, netting a 90th minute consolation goal in a 2–1 defeat to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] at the [[Emirates Stadium]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Arsenal 2–1 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7697409.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=8 November 2008 |accessdate=8 November 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 19 April 2009, in the [[FA Cup]] semi-final against [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], Rafael and his twin brother Fábio started a match together for Manchester United for the first time. United, however, lost the match 4–2 on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd 0–0 Everton (aet) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/7990227.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=19 April 2009 |accessdate=19 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; At the end of Rafael's first professional season, he and his Manchester United teammate [[Jonny Evans]] were shortlisted as nominees for the [[PFA Young Player of the Year]] award.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd dominate PFA awards list |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7998204.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=14 April 2009 |accessdate=14 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The two of them, however, were beaten to the award by [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]'s [[Ashley Young]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Giggs earns prestigious PFA award |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8019726.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 April 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In recognition of his successful first season in English football, Rafael was handed a two-year extension to his Manchester United contract, tying him to the club until 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael extends Man Utd contract |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8020724.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 April 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2009–10 season====
[[File:Rafael ~ Man U.jpg|thumb|left|Rafael defending against [[Morten Gamst Pedersen]] of [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]]]
On 27 October 2009, Fábio, Rafael's twin brother, was booked for a foul committed by Rafael in United's 2–0 [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] victory over [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article6895521.ece |title=Manchester United appeal over 'mistaken identity' booking for Fabio da Silva |last=Brodie |first=Alex |work=The Times |location=London |publisher=News Corporation |date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manchester United appealed and [[The Football Association|The FA]] agreed it was a case of mistaken identity, transferring the card over to Rafael.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=FA rejects Degen red card appeal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8332754.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 November 2009 |accessdate=4 November 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 December, Rafael scored the second goal of his Manchester United career and the first at [[Old Trafford]] in a 5–0 league win over [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Lyon |title=Man Utd 5–0 Wigan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8429015.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 December 2009 |accessdate=30 December 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 7 April 2010, Rafael was sent off for the first time in his United career, receiving two yellow cards either side of half-time against [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in the second leg of the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Second leg 2|quarter-final tie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Geoff |last=Berkeley |title=Man United 3 Bayern Munich 2 (Ratings) |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2010/Apr/United-3-Bayern-Munich-2.aspx?article=ratings |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite United winning the game, they were eliminated from the competition due to the [[Away goals rule|away goals]] rule when the aggregate score was 4–4.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man Utd 3–2 Bayern Munich (agg 4–4) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8604742.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this red card, [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] praised Rafael for his performance and stated that &quot;he absolutely dominated [[Franck Ribéry]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Geoff |last=Berkeley |title=Sir Alex backs Rafael |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2010/Apr/Sir-Alex-backs-Rafael.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=9 April 2010 |accessdate=9 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2010–11 season====
On 16 January 2011, Rafael was sent off for a second occasion, collecting two bookings in a 0–0 league draw against [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] at [[White Hart Lane]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Tottenham 0–0 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9357959.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael received an £8,000 fine and a warning about his future conduct by The FA following his red card.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd defender Rafael receives FA fine and warning |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9364561.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=21 January 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael suffered a concussion in United's 3–2 away victory over [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] on 25 January, the match following his one-game ban, and was taken to hospital for [[X-ray]]s before later being released.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Blackpool 2–3 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9371173.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 January 2011 |accessdate=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael collided with Blackpool's [[Marlon Harewood]] during the second half, which resulted in 10 minutes of stoppage time, and forced Rafael out of United's FA Cup tie away to [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] on 29 January.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael to miss Man Utd FA Cup tie against Southampton |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9376483.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 January 2011 |accessdate=26 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2011–12 saison====
Rafael made his first competitive start of the season since the [[FA Community Shield|Community Shield]] victory back in August against [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] in the League Cup on 20 November 2011, a game which United lost 2–1 in extra time. On 31 December, Rafael started his first league game of the season against [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], playing in an unusual defensive midfield role with [[Park Ji-Sung]] before moving to right-back for the second half. He was later replaced by [[Will Keane]] in the 85th minute.

====2012–13 saison====
On 2 July 2012, Rafael signed a new four-year contract which will keep him at the club until 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael pens new deal |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jul/rafael-signs-contract-extension.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=2 July 2012 |accessdate=2 July 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; For the [[2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season|2012–13 season]], Rafael was given the number 2 shirt, previously worn by [[Gary Neville]], who retired in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Marshall |title=Reds reveal shirt numbers |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Aug/manchester-united-squad-numbers-for-2012-2013-season.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=17 August 2012 |accessdate=17 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; After missing the opening game of the season, he returned to play against [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] on 25 August 2012, and scored United's third goal (and his third for the club) in a 3–2 win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Alistair |last=Magowan |title=Man Utd 3-2 Fulham |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19304316 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 August 2012 |accessdate=25 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 September 2012, Rafael scored the equalising goal in a 1–2 United win at [[Anfield]] over [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. After receiving a layoff from [[Shinji Kagawa]], he cut inside onto his left foot and curled a shot past [[Pepe Reina]] and into the top corner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Liverpool 1-2 Man Utd |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19615059 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 September 2012 |accessdate=23 September 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 October 2012, Rafael made his 100th appearance for United in a 3–2 win over Portuguese side [[S.C. Braga|Braga]]. On 23 February 2013, Rafael scored United's first goal in a 0–2 league win away to [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]], hitting the ball on the half-volley from 25 yards out, through a crowd of players and into the top corner of the goal. On 5 May, Rafael was sent off against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] for a challenge on [[David Luiz]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22424914]&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
==Internaitional career==
In 2007, Rafael played for Brazil's naitional unner-17 team in the [[FIFA U-17 Warld Cup]]. He wis approached bi [[Portugal national football team|Portuguese]] naitional coach [[Carlos Queiroz]] an askit tae play for Portugal's senior side, as baith Rafael an Fábio hauld Portuguese ceetizenship. Rafael indicatit a willinness tae tak Queiroz up on his affer if he did no end up playin for [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], while Fábio remained set on playin for Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;/&gt; 
On 26 Julie 2010, Rafael wis cried up tae the Brazilian senior team for the first time, as he wis includit in new coach [[Mano Menezes]]' first squad for their [[Exhibition game|friendly]] against the [[Unitit States men's naitional soccer team|Unitit States]] on 10 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Brazil call up Rafael and Lucas for US friendly. |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8856880.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 July 2010 |accessdate=26 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rafael wis oreeginally left oot o the Brazil squad for their friendlies in Mey an Juin 2012, but wis later cried up tae replace the injured [[Daniel Alves]]. [[F.C. Porto|FC Porto]] richt back [[Danilo Luiz da Silva|Danilo]] wis selectit aheid o Rafael for the gemme against [[Denmark naitional fitbaw team|Denmark]] on 26 Mey, but he did eventually come on as a substitute tae make his senior internaitional debut. On 26 Julie 2012, Rafael scored [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Brazilian unner-23 team's]] first goal o the [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's toornament|Olympics]] in a 3–2 victory ower [[Egyp naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Egyp]].
In December 2013, The Times reportit that he haed considered representin Ingland at internaitional level, housomeivver he decidit against it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rafael Da Silva abandons plan to qualify for England|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/public/football/article3953916.ece|publisher=The Times|accessdate=20 December 2013|date=20 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis no eligible for Ingland as he haed representit Brazil in 2007 at U17 level in a FIFA recognisit 'offeecial competeetion' meaning that the anerly naitional teams he coud chuise atween wad be Brazil an Portugal - the naitions he wis eligible tae represent at the time he played in the 2007 Sooth American Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship.

==Playin style==
Alang wi his brither [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], Rafael haes been praised for his energetic style, an haes been describit as a &quot;excellent footballer&quot; bi [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=Meet the da Silva twins |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Features/2008/Aug/Meet-the-da-Silva-twins.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |page=2 |date=6 August 2008 |accessdate=9 December 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Les Kershaw]], the umwhile Manchester United academy manager who spottit thaim, describit the pair as bein like &quot;two little [[whippet]]s,&quot; praisin hou &quot;when they got knocked down, they just got straight back up again an got on with it. They were like bouncing balls... very, very quick.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; ''[[The Times]]'' haes cried thaim &quot;Brazil's answer tae the Neville brithers ([[Gary Neville|Gary]] an [[Phil Neville]]).&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3200669.ece |title=Brazilian twins set for switch to Manchester United |location=London |work=The Times |publisher=News Corporation |first=Oliver |last=Kay |date=17 January 2008 |accessdate=2 May 2010 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201060456/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3200669.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==
{{updated|11 May 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/rafael.html |title=Rafael |accessdate=30 January 2014 |publisher=StretfordEnd.co.uk }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Saison
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]]
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Other&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Includes other competitive competitions, including the [[FA Community Shield]], [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]&lt;/ref&gt;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|2008–09
|16||1||2||0||5||0||4||0||1||0||28||1
|-
|2009–10
|8||1||0||0||4||0||4||0||0||0||16||1
|-
|2010–11
|16||0||3||0||2||0||7||0||0||0||28||0
|-
|2011–12
|12||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||1||0||18||0
|-
2012–13
|28||3||4||0||1||0||7||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|–||40||3
|-
|2013–14
|19||0||0||0||5||0||3||0||1||0||28||0
|-
|2014–15
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career total
!99!!5!!10!!0!!18!!0!!28!!0!!3!!0!!158!!5
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Manchester United
*[[Premier League]] (3): 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
*[[Football League Cup]] (1): 2009–10
*[[FA Community Shield]] (3): 2008, 2011, 2013
*[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] (1): 2008

===Internaitional===
;Brazil
*[[Sooth American Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship]] (1): 2007
*[[Simmer Olympic Games|Olympic Siller Medal]] (1): [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's toornament|2012]]

==Personal life==
Rafael's twin brither [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]] is a profeesional fitbawer an aw; baith twins signed for Manchester United at the same time in 2008. The twins' elder brither, Luiz Henrique Pereira da Silva, uised tae play for [[América Futebol Clube (MG)|América-MG]] in Brazil an [[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]] in Italy, but muivit wi his wife tae Ingland when the twins signed for Manchester United. Efter a sax-week wait for internaitional clearance, Luiz Henrique signed for [[Radcliffe Borough F.C.|Radcliffe Borough]], but he an his wife returned tae Brazil in early 2009 in preparation for the birth o their bairn, whaur he returned tae Ingland few months later.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Boro sign boy from Brazil |url=http://www.radcliffeborough.com/newsdetails.php?news_id=721 |work=radcliffeborough.com |publisher=Radcliffe Borough FC |date=29 October 2008 |accessdate=24 April 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715143028/http://www.radcliffeborough.com/newsdetails.php?news_id=721 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Despite stairtin their careers at Fluminense, baith Fábio an Rafael are actually supporters o their local rivals [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tgyga&quot;/&gt;

Rafael is marriet tae Carla.&lt;ref name=&quot;tgyga&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Fábio and Rafael: twins united in mission for the Republic of Silva |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/may/25/rafael-fabio-da-silva-manchester-united-barcelona |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=Fernando |last=Duarte |publisher=Guardian Media Group |date=25 May 2011 |accessdate=25 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 4 Januar 2012, the couple haed their first vairn, a girl namit Eduarda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Eduarda, Carla and Rafael Da Silva |url=http://www.soccer.mu/eduarda-carla-and-rafael-da-silva/ |work=Soccer.MU |publisher=Soccer.MU |date=30 May 2011 |accessdate=30 May 2011 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523062903/http://www.soccer.mu/eduarda-carla-and-rafael-da-silva/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notes==
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Rafael da Silva}}
*[http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Rafael.aspx Profile] at ManUtd.com
*[http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/rafael-da-silva Rafael Da Silva Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221105647/http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/rafael-da-silva |date=2012-12-21 }} The Official PFA website
*{{soccerbase|49556|Rafael da Silva}}

{{Brazil men football squad 2007 Pan American Games}}
{{Brazil squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
{{Olympique Lyonnais squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rafael Pereira da Silva}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Petrópolis]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw defenders]]
[[Category:Brazilian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Brazilian fowk o Portuguese strynd]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Portugal]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Twin fowk frae Brazil]]
[[Category:Twin sportsfowk]]
[[Category:Brazil internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2007 Pan American Gemmes]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Brazil]]
[[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Brazil]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]]
[[Category:Brazil youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympique Lyonnais players]]</text>
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      <text bytes="29302" sha1="3kqatx7r32bh66gcqs42g64hqgl0m00" xml:space="preserve">{{Portuguese name|Pereira|Da Silva}}
{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name           = Rafael
| image          = Rafael Man Utd 2011.jpg
| image_size     = 265
| caption        = Rafael wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2011
| fullname       = Rafael Pereira da Silva&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |work=PremierLeague.com |publisher=Premier League |page=24 |format=PDF |date=2 February 2012 |accessdate=2 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1990|7|9|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Petrópolis]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| height         = {{height|m=1.73}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Player Profile: Rafael da Silva |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/rafael |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=31 July 2012 |archive-date=2013-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009185643/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/rafael |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| position       = [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Full-back|Richt-back]]
| currentclub    = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]
| clubnumber     = 20
| youthyears1    = 2005–2008 |youthclubs1 = [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]]
| years1         = 2008–2015 |clubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps1 = 109 |goals1 = 5
| years2         = 2015–     |clubs2 = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]                  |caps2 = 41  |goals2 = 1&lt;!-- LEAGUE ONLY --&gt;
| nationalyears1 = 2007  |nationalteam1 = [[Brazil naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Brazil U17]]&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Only includes [[2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] and [[2007 South American Under-17 Football Championship]]&lt;/ref&gt; |nationalcaps1 = 12 |nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalyears2 = 2012  |nationalteam2 = [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Brazil U23]] |nationalcaps2 = 7  |nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2012  |nationalteam3 = [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]]              |nationalcaps3 = 2  |nationalgoals3 = 0
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{BRA}}}} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Football]]}} 
{{MedalSilver|[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team Competition]]}}
| pcupdate       = 15:23, 11 May 2014 (UTC)
| ntupdate       = 16:00, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
}}
'''Rafael Pereira da Silva''' (born 9 Julie 1990), commonly kent as '''Rafael''' or '''Rafael da Silva''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]] wha plays for [[Olympique Lyonnais]]. He normally plays as a [[defender (association fitbaw)|richt-back]], but can play on the richt side o [[midfield]] an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rafael: Most Improved Players&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1585120-20-most-improved-players-in-2012-13/page/8 |title=Rafael: Most Improved Players |date=28 March 2013 |accessdate=7 April 2013 |first=Ed |last=Dove |publisher=Bleacher Report }}&lt;/ref&gt; He an his twin brither, [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], baith jyned Manchester United frae [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]] in Januar 2007.

Rafael haes twa caps for [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], haein made his debut in a 3–1 victory ower [[Denmark naitional fitbaw team|Denmark]] on 26 Mey 2012. He haes played for Brazil at [[Brazil naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|unner-17]] level an aw an wis pairt o the siller medal-winnin [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|unner-23]] side at the [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Simmer Olympics]].

==Early life==
Rafael wis born in [[Petrópolis]], approximately ane oor's drive awa frae [[Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro state]], an began playin fitbaw from the age o five. He began his career wi amateur side Boa Esperança, playin as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]].&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Taylor |title=Dazzling Da Silvas plan twin-pronged assault for United |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/nov/15/manchesterunited-premierleague |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=15 November 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; He an his identical twin, [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], wur then spottit bi a representative o [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]] playin [[Five-a-side football|five-a-side]] in their neebourheid; he invitit thaim tae jyn the club an they began livin thare when they wur 11 year auld.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Manchester United's Rafael and Fabio Da Silva set sights on twin goals |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/apr/20/rafael-fabio-da-silva |work=The Guardian |location=London |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=20 April 2009 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Sharma |first2=Rupert |last2=Rowling}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Club career==
===Fluminense===
Upon jynin Fluminense, Rafael wis convertit tae play at [[Defender (association fitbaw)#Full-back|full-back]] bi the youth team coach.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; The club then teuk pairt in the 2005 Nike Premier Cup in Hong Kong, whaur Rafael wis spottit by [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] scout [[Les Kershaw]], who remarkit that the twins reminded him o &quot;twa little whippets&quot;. Kershaw then telephoned Manchester United manager [[Alex Ferguson]] an recommendit that the club sign the Da Silva twins.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; Manchester United got in touch wi Fluminense an askit permission for the twins tae travel tae Manchester tae train wi thaim in 2005. Shortly efterwairds, a scout claimin tae represent [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] visitit the twins an askit thaim tae come tae Ingland tae train wi Arsenal athoot the permission o Fluminense; housomeivver, they wur dissuadit frae this bi their mither, who remindit thaim that they haed been wi Fluminense syne they wur 11, an that they should show the club some lyalty.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Ian |last=McGarry |title=Rafael: &quot;Arsenal scout&quot; wanted to tap me up |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article2324835.ece |work=Sun Online |publisher=News Group Newspapers |date=18 March 2009 |accessdate=18 March 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tharefore, they decidit tae sign for Manchester United ower Arsenal, an the twa clubs greeit a deal in Februar 2007; the twins muivit tae Manchester in Januar 2008 athoot iver haein played for the Fluminense first team.&lt;ref name=&quot;stone&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Simon |last=Stone |title=Rafael gives Ferguson selection dilemma |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rafael-gives-ferguson-selection-dilemma-968064.html |work=The Independent |location=London |publisher=Independent News and Media |date=21 October 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2008 |archive-date=2008-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225120939/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/rafael-gives-ferguson-selection-dilemma-968064.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--
===Manchester United===
====2008–09 saison====
[[File:Rafael da Silva.jpg|thumb|Rafael playin for Manchester United]]
The twins decidit tae sign for Manchester United, an a deal wis agreeit atween the twa clubs in Februar 2007. The twins muivit tae Manchester in Januar 2008, but wur unable tae play in matches till they turned 18 in Julie 2008. Rafael made his first appearance for the club in a 2–0 friendly win ower [[Peterborough United F.C.|Peterborough United]] on 4 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=Report: Peterbro' 0 United 2 |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2008/Aug/Report-Peterbro-0-United-2.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=4 August 2008 |accessdate=4 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael was then registered in the club's senior squad for the [[2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season|2008–09 season]] and was assigned the number 21 shirt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Soccerlens |title=Manchester United 08-09 Squad Numbers |url=http://soccerlens.com/manchester-united-08-09-squad-numbers/9798/ |work=Soccerlens.com |publisher=Soccerlens |date=16 August 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made his competitive debut for Manchester United on the opening day of the [[2008–09 Premier League|2008–09 Premier League season]], replacing [[Fraizer Campbell]] in their 1–1 home draw [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] on 17 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Stevenson |title=Man Utd 1–1 Newcastle |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7551173.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 August 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rafael's first start for Manchester United came on 23 September in their 3–1 home victory over [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] in the Third Round of the [[2008–09 Football League Cup|League Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd 3–1 Middlesbrough |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7626743.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 September 2008 |accessdate=23 September 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made first start in [[UEFA#Club|European competition]] in United's 3–0 away win over [[AaB Fodbold|Aalborg BK]] in the [[UEFA Champions League]] on 30 September.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Aalborg 0–3 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7639326.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 September 2008 |accessdate=12 November 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael made his first [[Premier League]] start in Manchester United's 4–0 home win over [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] on 18 October.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Whyatt |title=Man Utd 4–0 West Brom |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7665094.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 October 2008 |accessdate=18 October 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 November, Rafael scored his first goal for Manchester United, netting a 90th minute consolation goal in a 2–1 defeat to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] at the [[Emirates Stadium]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Arsenal 2–1 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7697409.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=8 November 2008 |accessdate=8 November 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 19 April 2009, in the [[FA Cup]] semi-final against [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], Rafael and his twin brother Fábio started a match together for Manchester United for the first time. United, however, lost the match 4–2 on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd 0–0 Everton (aet) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/7990227.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=19 April 2009 |accessdate=19 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; At the end of Rafael's first professional season, he and his Manchester United teammate [[Jonny Evans]] were shortlisted as nominees for the [[PFA Young Player of the Year]] award.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd dominate PFA awards list |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7998204.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=14 April 2009 |accessdate=14 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The two of them, however, were beaten to the award by [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]'s [[Ashley Young]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Giggs earns prestigious PFA award |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8019726.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 April 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In recognition of his successful first season in English football, Rafael was handed a two-year extension to his Manchester United contract, tying him to the club until 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael extends Man Utd contract |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8020724.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 April 2009 |accessdate=27 April 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2009–10 season====
[[File:Rafael ~ Man U.jpg|thumb|left|Rafael defending against [[Morten Gamst Pedersen]] of [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]]]
On 27 October 2009, Fábio, Rafael's twin brother, was booked for a foul committed by Rafael in United's 2–0 [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] victory over [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article6895521.ece |title=Manchester United appeal over 'mistaken identity' booking for Fabio da Silva |last=Brodie |first=Alex |work=The Times |location=London |publisher=News Corporation |date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manchester United appealed and [[The Football Association|The FA]] agreed it was a case of mistaken identity, transferring the card over to Rafael.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=FA rejects Degen red card appeal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8332754.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 November 2009 |accessdate=4 November 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 December, Rafael scored the second goal of his Manchester United career and the first at [[Old Trafford]] in a 5–0 league win over [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Lyon |title=Man Utd 5–0 Wigan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/8429015.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 December 2009 |accessdate=30 December 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 7 April 2010, Rafael was sent off for the first time in his United career, receiving two yellow cards either side of half-time against [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in the second leg of the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Second leg 2|quarter-final tie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Geoff |last=Berkeley |title=Man United 3 Bayern Munich 2 (Ratings) |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Fixtures-And-Results/Match-Reports/2010/Apr/United-3-Bayern-Munich-2.aspx?article=ratings |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite United winning the game, they were eliminated from the competition due to the [[Away goals rule|away goals]] rule when the aggregate score was 4–4.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man Utd 3–2 Bayern Munich (agg 4–4) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8604742.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this red card, [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] praised Rafael for his performance and stated that &quot;he absolutely dominated [[Franck Ribéry]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Geoff |last=Berkeley |title=Sir Alex backs Rafael |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2010/Apr/Sir-Alex-backs-Rafael.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=9 April 2010 |accessdate=9 April 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2010–11 season====
On 16 January 2011, Rafael was sent off for a second occasion, collecting two bookings in a 0–0 league draw against [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] at [[White Hart Lane]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Tottenham 0–0 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9357959.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael received an £8,000 fine and a warning about his future conduct by The FA following his red card.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Man Utd defender Rafael receives FA fine and warning |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9364561.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=21 January 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael suffered a concussion in United's 3–2 away victory over [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] on 25 January, the match following his one-game ban, and was taken to hospital for [[X-ray]]s before later being released.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Blackpool 2–3 Man Utd |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9371173.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 January 2011 |accessdate=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rafael collided with Blackpool's [[Marlon Harewood]] during the second half, which resulted in 10 minutes of stoppage time, and forced Rafael out of United's FA Cup tie away to [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] on 29 January.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael to miss Man Utd FA Cup tie against Southampton |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9376483.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 January 2011 |accessdate=26 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

====2011–12 saison====
Rafael made his first competitive start of the season since the [[FA Community Shield|Community Shield]] victory back in August against [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] in the League Cup on 20 November 2011, a game which United lost 2–1 in extra time. On 31 December, Rafael started his first league game of the season against [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], playing in an unusual defensive midfield role with [[Park Ji-Sung]] before moving to right-back for the second half. He was later replaced by [[Will Keane]] in the 85th minute.

====2012–13 saison====
On 2 July 2012, Rafael signed a new four-year contract which will keep him at the club until 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rafael pens new deal |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jul/rafael-signs-contract-extension.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=2 July 2012 |accessdate=2 July 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; For the [[2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season|2012–13 season]], Rafael was given the number 2 shirt, previously worn by [[Gary Neville]], who retired in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Marshall |title=Reds reveal shirt numbers |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Aug/manchester-united-squad-numbers-for-2012-2013-season.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |date=17 August 2012 |accessdate=17 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; After missing the opening game of the season, he returned to play against [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] on 25 August 2012, and scored United's third goal (and his third for the club) in a 3–2 win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Alistair |last=Magowan |title=Man Utd 3-2 Fulham |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19304316 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 August 2012 |accessdate=25 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 September 2012, Rafael scored the equalising goal in a 1–2 United win at [[Anfield]] over [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. After receiving a layoff from [[Shinji Kagawa]], he cut inside onto his left foot and curled a shot past [[Pepe Reina]] and into the top corner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Liverpool 1-2 Man Utd |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19615059 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 September 2012 |accessdate=23 September 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 23 October 2012, Rafael made his 100th appearance for United in a 3–2 win over Portuguese side [[S.C. Braga|Braga]]. On 23 February 2013, Rafael scored United's first goal in a 0–2 league win away to [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]], hitting the ball on the half-volley from 25 yards out, through a crowd of players and into the top corner of the goal. On 5 May, Rafael was sent off against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] for a challenge on [[David Luiz]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22424914]&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
==Internaitional career==
In 2007, Rafael played for Brazil's naitional unner-17 team in the [[FIFA U-17 Warld Cup]]. He wis approached bi [[Portugal national football team|Portuguese]] naitional coach [[Carlos Queiroz]] an askit tae play for Portugal's senior side, as baith Rafael an Fábio hauld Portuguese ceetizenship. Rafael indicatit a willinness tae tak Queiroz up on his affer if he did no end up playin for [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], while Fábio remained set on playin for Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;/&gt; 
On 26 Julie 2010, Rafael wis cried up tae the Brazilian senior team for the first time, as he wis includit in new coach [[Mano Menezes]]' first squad for their [[Exhibition game|friendly]] against the [[Unitit States men's naitional soccer team|Unitit States]] on 10 August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Brazil call up Rafael and Lucas for US friendly. |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8856880.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 July 2010 |accessdate=26 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rafael wis oreeginally left oot o the Brazil squad for their friendlies in Mey an Juin 2012, but wis later cried up tae replace the injured [[Daniel Alves]]. [[F.C. Porto|FC Porto]] richt back [[Danilo Luiz da Silva|Danilo]] wis selectit aheid o Rafael for the gemme against [[Denmark naitional fitbaw team|Denmark]] on 26 Mey, but he did eventually come on as a substitute tae make his senior internaitional debut. On 26 Julie 2012, Rafael scored [[Brazil naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Brazilian unner-23 team's]] first goal o the [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's toornament|Olympics]] in a 3–2 victory ower [[Egyp naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Egyp]].
In December 2013, The Times reportit that he haed considered representin Ingland at internaitional level, housomeivver he decidit against it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Rafael Da Silva abandons plan to qualify for England|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/public/football/article3953916.ece|publisher=The Times|accessdate=20 December 2013|date=20 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis no eligible for Ingland as he haed representit Brazil in 2007 at U17 level in a FIFA recognisit 'offeecial competeetion' meaning that the anerly naitional teams he coud chuise atween wad be Brazil an Portugal - the naitions he wis eligible tae represent at the time he played in the 2007 Sooth American Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship.

==Playin style==
Alang wi his brither [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]], Rafael haes been praised for his energetic style, an haes been describit as a &quot;excellent footballer&quot; bi [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]].&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Bostock |title=Meet the da Silva twins |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Features/2008/Aug/Meet-the-da-Silva-twins.aspx |work=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |page=2 |date=6 August 2008 |accessdate=9 December 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Les Kershaw]], the umwhile Manchester United academy manager who spottit thaim, describit the pair as bein like &quot;two little [[whippet]]s,&quot; praisin hou &quot;when they got knocked down, they just got straight back up again an got on with it. They were like bouncing balls... very, very quick.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt; ''[[The Times]]'' haes cried thaim &quot;Brazil's answer tae the Neville brithers ([[Gary Neville|Gary]] an [[Phil Neville]]).&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3200669.ece |title=Brazilian twins set for switch to Manchester United |location=London |work=The Times |publisher=News Corporation |first=Oliver |last=Kay |date=17 January 2008 |accessdate=2 May 2010 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201060456/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/manchester_united/article3200669.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==
{{updated|11 May 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/rafael.html |title=Rafael |accessdate=30 January 2014 |publisher=StretfordEnd.co.uk }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Saison
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|League Cup
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]]
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Other&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Includes other competitive competitions, including the [[FA Community Shield]], [[UEFA Super Cup]], [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]&lt;/ref&gt;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|2008–09
|16||1||2||0||5||0||4||0||1||0||28||1
|-
|2009–10
|8||1||0||0||4||0||4||0||0||0||16||1
|-
|2010–11
|16||0||3||0||2||0||7||0||0||0||28||0
|-
|2011–12
|12||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||1||0||18||0
|-
2012–13
|28||3||4||0||1||0||7||0||colspan=&quot;2&quot;|–||40||3
|-
|2013–14
|19||0||0||0||5||0||3||0||1||0||28||0
|-
|2014–15
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career total
!99!!5!!10!!0!!18!!0!!28!!0!!3!!0!!158!!5
|}

==Honours==
===Club===
;Manchester United
*[[Premier League]] (3): 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
*[[Football League Cup]] (1): 2009–10
*[[FA Community Shield]] (3): 2008, 2011, 2013
*[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] (1): 2008

===Internaitional===
;Brazil
*[[Sooth American Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship]] (1): 2007
*[[Simmer Olympic Games|Olympic Siller Medal]] (1): [[Fitbaa at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's toornament|2012]]

==Personal life==
Rafael's twin brither [[Fábio Pereira da Silva|Fábio]] is a profeesional fitbawer an aw; baith twins signed for Manchester United at the same time in 2008. The twins' elder brither, Luiz Henrique Pereira da Silva, uised tae play for [[América Futebol Clube (MG)|América-MG]] in Brazil an [[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]] in Italy, but muivit wi his wife tae Ingland when the twins signed for Manchester United. Efter a sax-week wait for internaitional clearance, Luiz Henrique signed for [[Radcliffe Borough F.C.|Radcliffe Borough]], but he an his wife returned tae Brazil in early 2009 in preparation for the birth o their bairn, whaur he returned tae Ingland few months later.&lt;ref name=&quot;sights&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Boro sign boy from Brazil |url=http://www.radcliffeborough.com/newsdetails.php?news_id=721 |work=radcliffeborough.com |publisher=Radcliffe Borough FC |date=29 October 2008 |accessdate=24 April 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715143028/http://www.radcliffeborough.com/newsdetails.php?news_id=721 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Despite stairtin their careers at Fluminense, baith Fábio an Rafael are actually supporters o their local rivals [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tgyga&quot;/&gt;

Rafael is marriet tae Carla.&lt;ref name=&quot;tgyga&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Fábio and Rafael: twins united in mission for the Republic of Silva |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/may/25/rafael-fabio-da-silva-manchester-united-barcelona |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=Fernando |last=Duarte |publisher=Guardian Media Group |date=25 May 2011 |accessdate=25 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 4 Januar 2012, the couple haed their first vairn, a girl namit Eduarda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Eduarda, Carla and Rafael Da Silva |url=http://www.soccer.mu/eduarda-carla-and-rafael-da-silva/ |work=Soccer.MU |publisher=Soccer.MU |date=30 May 2011 |accessdate=30 May 2011 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523062903/http://www.soccer.mu/eduarda-carla-and-rafael-da-silva/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notes==
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons|Rafael da Silva}}
*[http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Rafael.aspx Profile] at ManUtd.com
*[http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/rafael-da-silva Rafael Da Silva Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221105647/http://www.givemefootball.com/player-profiles/rafael-da-silva |date=2012-12-21 }} The Official PFA website
*{{soccerbase|49556|Rafael da Silva}}

{{Brazil men football squad 2007 Pan American Games}}
{{Brazil squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
{{Olympique Lyonnais squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rafael Pereira da Silva}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Petrópolis]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw defenders]]
[[Category:Brazilian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Brazilian fowk o Portuguese strynd]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Portugal]]
[[Category:Brazilian expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Twin fowk frae Brazil]]
[[Category:Twin sportsfowk]]
[[Category:Brazil internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2007 Pan American Gemmes]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Brazil]]
[[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Brazil]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]]
[[Category:Brazil youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympique Lyonnais players]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xochimilco</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81706</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921479</id>
      <parentid>822496</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:05:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2662" sha1="pzd0mondxxkymdebzm8tjv3uefezuoi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Xochimilco
| native_name            = 
| settlement_type        = [[Burghs o Mexico Ceety|Burgh o Mexico Ceety]]
| image_skyline          = Trajinera en canal Nativitas.jpg
| image_caption          = rajinera boats at Xochimilco
| subdivision_type       = Kintra
| subdivision_name       = [[Mexico]]
| subdivision_type1      = Ceety
| subdivision_name1      = [[Mexico Ceety]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|19|16|30|N|99|08|20|W|display=inline}}
| timezone1               = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1             = −6
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = −5
| footnotes               = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_offname = [[Historic centre o Mexico Ceety]] an Xochimilco
   | designation1_date = 1987 &lt;small&gt;(11t [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])&lt;/small&gt;
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv, v
   | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/412 412]
   | designation1_free1name = State Pairty
   | designation1_free1value = Mexico
   | designation1_free2name = Region
   | designation1_free2value = Laitin Americae an the Caribbean
  }}
}}

'''Xochimilco''' ({{IPA-es|sotʃiˈmilko|IPA}}) is ane o the 16 [[burghs o Mexico Ceety|''delegaciones'']] or burghs athin [[Mexico Ceety|Federal Destrict]]. The borough is centred on the umwhile unthirlt ceety o Xochimilco, which wis established on wha wis the soothren shore o [[Loch Xochimilco]] in the pre-Hispanic period.

==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commonscat|Xochimilco}}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.xochimilco.df.gob.mx/ Offeecial '''Xochimilco''' wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020808031049/http://www.df.gob.mx/ |date=2002-08-08 }} — ''Delegación Xochimilco''. 
*{{en icon}} [http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/beaten-track/news-haunted-island-where-dolls-come-life#new Environmentalgraffiti.com blog: &quot;The Island of Dolls&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614171815/http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/beaten-track/news-haunted-island-where-dolls-come-life#new |date=2010-06-14 }} — ''airticle an photographs''.
{{-}}

{{Burghs o Mexico Ceety}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Burghs o Mexico Ceety]]
[[Category:Aztec steids]]
[[Category:History o Mexico Ceety]]
[[Category:Veesitor attractions in Mexico Ceety]]
[[Category:1968 Simmer Olympic venues]]
[[Category:Olympic canoein venues]]
[[Category:Olympic rowin venues]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Mexico]]
[[Category:Nahuatl wirds an phrases]]</text>
      <sha1>pzd0mondxxkymdebzm8tjv3uefezuoi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921506</id>
      <parentid>921479</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2634" sha1="asvgp2h803sgwcqr0ndel5vms2lpw14" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Xochimilco
| settlement_type        = [[Burghs o Mexico Ceety|Burgh o Mexico Ceety]]
| image_skyline          = Trajinera en canal Nativitas.jpg
| image_caption          = rajinera boats at Xochimilco
| subdivision_type       = Kintra
| subdivision_name       = [[Mexico]]
| subdivision_type1      = Ceety
| subdivision_name1      = [[Mexico Ceety]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|19|16|30|N|99|08|20|W|display=inline}}
| timezone1               = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1             = −6
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = −5
| footnotes               = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_offname = [[Historic centre o Mexico Ceety]] an Xochimilco
   | designation1_date = 1987 &lt;small&gt;(11t [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])&lt;/small&gt;
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv, v
   | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/412 412]
   | designation1_free1name = State Pairty
   | designation1_free1value = Mexico
   | designation1_free2name = Region
   | designation1_free2value = Laitin Americae an the Caribbean
  }}
}}

'''Xochimilco''' ({{IPA-es|sotʃiˈmilko|IPA}}) is ane o the 16 [[burghs o Mexico Ceety|''delegaciones'']] or burghs athin [[Mexico Ceety|Federal Destrict]]. The borough is centred on the umwhile unthirlt ceety o Xochimilco, which wis established on wha wis the soothren shore o [[Loch Xochimilco]] in the pre-Hispanic period.

==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commonscat|Xochimilco}}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.xochimilco.df.gob.mx/ Offeecial '''Xochimilco''' wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020808031049/http://www.df.gob.mx/ |date=2002-08-08 }} — ''Delegación Xochimilco''. 
*{{en icon}} [http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/beaten-track/news-haunted-island-where-dolls-come-life#new Environmentalgraffiti.com blog: &quot;The Island of Dolls&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614171815/http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/beaten-track/news-haunted-island-where-dolls-come-life#new |date=2010-06-14 }} — ''airticle an photographs''.
{{-}}

{{Burghs o Mexico Ceety}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Burghs o Mexico Ceety]]
[[Category:Aztec steids]]
[[Category:History o Mexico Ceety]]
[[Category:Veesitor attractions in Mexico Ceety]]
[[Category:1968 Simmer Olympic venues]]
[[Category:Olympic canoein venues]]
[[Category:Olympic rowin venues]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Mexico]]
[[Category:Nahuatl wirds an phrases]]</text>
      <sha1>asvgp2h803sgwcqr0ndel5vms2lpw14</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Santa Maria da Boa Vista</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81978</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921572</id>
      <parentid>912013</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:45:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921572</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2761" sha1="knr2yvrrrifjdt4rh31p59zgt8nhrvf" xml:space="preserve">'''Santa Maria da Boa Vista''' is a toun in the state o [[Pernambuco]], [[Brazil]]. The population in 2009, accordin tae Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) wis 41,745&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2009/POP2009_DOU.pdf [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] Population 2009 Santa Maria da Boa Vista, page 34]&lt;/ref&gt;  and &lt;!--, the density is /km²--&gt;the aurie is 3001.2&amp;nbsp;km².

==Geografie==

* State - [[Pernambuco]]
* Region - [[São Francisco]] Pernambucano
* Boondars - [[Parnamirim, Pernambuco|Parnamirim]] an [[Santa Cruz, Pernambuco|Santa Cruz]]   ('''N''');  Bahia state  ('''S''');  [[Orocó]]  ('''E''');  [[Lagoa Grande, Pernambuco|Lagoa Grande]]  ('''W''')
* Aurie - 3001.2&amp;nbsp;km²
* Elevation - 361 m
* Hidrografie - [[Brigida River|Brigida]] an [[Garças River|Garças]] rivers
* Vegetation - [[Caatinga]] [[hiperxerófila]].
* Clima - [[Semi arid]] ( [[Sertão]]) - het an dry
* Annual average temperatur - 26.0 c
* Distance tae [[Recife]] - 616&amp;nbsp;km

==Economy==

The main economic activities in Santa Maria da Boa Vista are based in commerce an [[agribusiness]], especially creation o [[gait]]s, [[sheep]]s, [[cattle]], [[donkey]]s, an plantations o irrigatit [[grape]]s, [[mangoes]] an [[bananae]]s.

===Economic Indicators===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! Population 
! [[GDP]] x(1000 R$).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibge.com.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2003_2007/tab01.pdf |title=Santa Maria da Boa Vista 2007 GDP IBGE page 32 |access-date=2014-09-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001818/http://www.ibge.com.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2003_2007/tab01.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[GDP per caipita|GDP pc]] (R$)
! [[Pernambuco|PE]]
|-
| 41.745
| 209.495
| 5.287
| 0.35%
|-
|}
'''Economy bi Sector'''
2006
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! [[Primar sector]] 
! [[Seicontar sector]]
! [[Service sector]] 
|-
| 41.60%
| 9.80%
| 48.60%
|-
|}

===Halth Indicators===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/web/condepefidem |title=PE State site - City by city profile |access-date=2014-09-22 |archive-date=2009-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804002205/http://www2.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/web/condepefidem |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
! [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2000)
! Hospitals (2007)
! Hospitals beds (2007)
! Childer's Mortality ivery 1000 (2005)
|-
| 0.669
| 1
| 33
| 20.8 
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|8|48|32|S|39|49|30|W|source:vowiki_region:BR|display=title}}

{{Municipalities o Pernambuco}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Maria Da Boa Vista}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Pernambuco]]</text>
      <sha1>knr2yvrrrifjdt4rh31p59zgt8nhrvf</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Juan Mata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>82278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921392</id>
      <parentid>900181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:16:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5842" sha1="6b2ugco9lii0748v4tiwpiamoo6q9h3" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish name|Mata|García}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name           = Juan Mata
| image          = JuanMata DCTraining.jpg
| caption        = Mata trainin wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2014
| fullname       = Juan Manuel Mata García&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Barclays Premier League Squad Numbers 2013/14 |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |publisher=Premier League |date=16 August 2013 |accessdate=17 August 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925003258/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1988|4|28|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Villafranca Montes de Oca|Ocón de Villafranca]], [[Province o Burgos|Burgos]], Spain
| height         = {{height|m=1.70}}
| position       = [[Attackin midfielder]]
| currentclub    = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
| clubnumber     = 8
| youthyears1    = 1998–2003 |youthclubs1 = [[Real Oviedo]]
| youthyears2    = 2003–2006 |youthclubs2 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid]]
| years1         = 2006–2007 |clubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid B]]       |caps1 = 39  |goals1 = 10
| years2         = 2007–2011 |clubs2 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]                     |caps2 = 129 |goals2 = 33
| years3         = 2011–2014 |clubs3 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]                     |caps3 = 82  |goals3 = 18
| years4         = 2014–     |clubs4 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps4 = 20  |goals4 = 9&lt;!-- LEAGUE ONLY --&gt;
| nationalyears1 = 2004      |nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|Spain U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 3  |nationalgoals1 = 2
| nationalyears2 = 2004      |nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Spain U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 2  |nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2006–2007 |nationalteam3 = [[Spain naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Spain U19]] |nationalcaps3 = 13 |nationalgoals3 = 12
| nationalyears4 = 2007      |nationalteam4 = [[Spain naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|Spain U20]] |nationalcaps4 = 5  |nationalgoals4 = 3
| nationalyears5 = 2007–2011 |nationalteam5 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] |nationalcaps5 = 19 |nationalgoals5 = 5
| nationalyears6 = 2012      |nationalteam6 = [[Spain naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Spain U23]] |nationalcaps6 = 4  |nationalgoals6 = 0
| nationalyears7 = 2009–     |nationalteam7 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]]              |nationalcaps7 = 34 |nationalgoals7 = 10
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Team|{{fb|ESP}}}}
{{Medal|W|[[UEFA European Unner-19 Fitbaa Championship|UEFA U-19 Championship]]|2006}}
{{Medal|Third|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]|[[2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|2009]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[FIFA World Cup]]|[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[UEFA European Unner-21 Fitbaa Championship|UEFA U-21 Championship]]|2011}}
{{Medal|W|[[UEFA European Fitbaa Championship|UEFA Euro]]|[[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]|[[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013]]}}
| pcupdate = 14 September 2014
| ntupdate = 23 Juin 2014
}}
'''Juan Manuel Mata García''', commonly kent as '''Juan Mata''' ({{IPA-es|xwam ˈmata}}; born 28 Aprile 1988), is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]]er who plays for Inglis club [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain naitional team]]. He plays primarily as an [[attackin midfielder]] but can play as a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger]] an aw.

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Juan Mata}}
*[http://www.juanmata10.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828030049/http://www.juanmata10.com/ |date=2011-08-28 }} {{es icon}}
*{{FIFA player|267811}}
*{{UEFA player|104584}}

{{Navboxes colour
|title=Awards
|bg=gold
|fg=black
|bordercolor=black
|list1=
{{European U21 Championship Golden Player}}
{{UEFA Euro U-21 2011 Team of the Tournament}}
{{Chelsea F.C. Player of the Year}}
{{2012–13 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title=Spain squads
|bg=#C60B1E
|fg=#FFC400
|bordercolor=#000033
|list1=
{{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}}
{{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2012}}
{{Spain squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
{{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}}
{{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
}}
{{Manchester United F.C. squad}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mata, Juan}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Burgos]]
[[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]]
[[Category:Asturian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Castilian-Leonese fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw weengers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Segunda División players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid Castilla fitbawers]]
[[Category:Valencia CF players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Spain youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]]
[[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]]
[[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]]
[[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin players]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Spain]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]]</text>
      <sha1>6b2ugco9lii0748v4tiwpiamoo6q9h3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921416</id>
      <parentid>921392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921416</origin>
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      <text bytes="5840" sha1="ajfpyb3uplp4hdinnecnx8hmlxchvz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Spanish name|Mata|García}}
{{Infobox fitbaw biography
| name           = Juan Mata
| image          = JuanMata DCTraining.jpg
| caption        = Mata trainin wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2014
| fullname       = Juan Manuel Mata García&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Barclays Premier League Squad Numbers 2013/14 |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |publisher=Premier League |date=16 August 2013 |accessdate=17 August 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925003258/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/2013-14/aug/premier-league-squad-numbers-seasons-2013-14.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1988|4|28|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Villafranca Montes de Oca|Ocón de Villafranca]], [[Province o Burgos|Burgos]], Spain
| height         = {{height|m=1.70}}
| position       = [[Attackin midfielder]]
| currentclub    = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
| clubnumber     = 8
| youthyears1    = 1998–2003 |youthclubs1 = [[Real Oviedo]]
| youthyears2    = 2003–2006 |youthclubs2 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid]]
| years1         = 2006–2007 |clubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid B]]       |caps1 = 39  |goals1 = 10
| years2         = 2007–2011 |clubs2 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]                     |caps2 = 129 |goals2 = 33
| years3         = 2011–2014 |clubs3 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]                     |caps3 = 82  |goals3 = 18
| years4         = 2014–     |clubs4 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps4 = 20  |goals4 = 9&lt;!-- LEAGUE ONLY --&gt;
| nationalyears1 = 2004      |nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|Spain U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 3  |nationalgoals1 = 2
| nationalyears2 = 2004      |nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Spain U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 2  |nationalgoals2 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2006–2007 |nationalteam3 = [[Spain naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Spain U19]] |nationalcaps3 = 13 |nationalgoals3 = 12
| nationalyears4 = 2007      |nationalteam4 = [[Spain naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|Spain U20]] |nationalcaps4 = 5  |nationalgoals4 = 3
| nationalyears5 = 2007–2011 |nationalteam5 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] |nationalcaps5 = 19 |nationalgoals5 = 5
| nationalyears6 = 2012      |nationalteam6 = [[Spain naitional unner-23 fitbaw team|Spain U23]] |nationalcaps6 = 4  |nationalgoals6 = 0
| nationalyears7 = 2009–     |nationalteam7 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]]              |nationalcaps7 = 34 |nationalgoals7 = 10
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Team|{{fb|ESP}}}}
{{Medal|W|[[UEFA European Unner-19 Fitbaa Championship|UEFA U-19 Championship]]|2006}}
{{Medal|Third|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]|[[2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|2009]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[FIFA World Cup]]|[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[UEFA European Unner-21 Fitbaa Championship|UEFA U-21 Championship]]|2011}}
{{Medal|W|[[UEFA European Fitbaa Championship|UEFA Euro]]|[[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]|[[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013]]}}
| pcupdate = 14 September 2014
| ntupdate = 23 Juin 2014
}}
'''Juan Manuel Mata García''', commonly kent as '''Juan Mata''' ({{IPA-es|xwam ˈmata}}; born 28 Aprile 1988), is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]]er who plays for Inglis club [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain naitional team]]. He plays primarily as an [[attackin midfielder]] but can play as a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger]] an aw.

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Juan Mata}}
*[http://www.juanmata10.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828030049/http://www.juanmata10.com/ |date=2011-08-28 }} {{es icon}}
*{{FIFA player|267811}}
*{{UEFA player|104584}}

{{Navboxes colour
|title=Awards
|bg=gold
|fg=black
|bordercolor=black
|list1=
{{European U21 Championship Golden Player}}
{{UEFA Euro U-21 2011 Team of the Tournament}}
{{Chelsea F.C. Player of the Year}}
{{2012–13 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title=Spain squads
|bg=#C60B1E
|fg=#FFC400
|bordercolor=#000033
|list1=
{{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}}
{{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}}
{{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2012}}
{{Spain squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
{{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}}
{{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
}}
{{Manchester United F.C. squad}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mata, Juan}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Burgos]]
[[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]]
[[Category:Asturian fitbawers]]
[[Category:Castilian-Leonese fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw weengers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Segunda División players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid Castilla fitbawers]]
[[Category:Valencia CF players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Spain youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]]
[[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]]
[[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]]
[[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin players]]
[[Category:Fitbawers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Spain]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]]</text>
      <sha1>ajfpyb3uplp4hdinnecnx8hmlxchvz9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yeongdo-gu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>82527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921546</id>
      <parentid>901885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:34:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3046" sha1="gcfa4vt0efffopv351zlqdyqf3387vi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = {{raise|0.1em|Yeongdo-gu}}
| native_name             = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|영도구}}}}
| native_name_lang        = ko
| settlement_type         = [[Leet o destricts in Sooth Korea|Destrict]]
| translit_lang1          = Korean
| translit_lang1_type1    = Hanja
| translit_lang1_info1    = {{linktext|影|島|區}}
| translit_lang1_type2    = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}}
| translit_lang1_info2    = Yeongdo-gu
| translit_lang1_type3    = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}}
| translit_lang1_info3    = Yǒngdo-ku
| image_skyline           = Youngdo-gu, Busan.jpg
| imagesize               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_map               = Busan Yeongdo-gu.svg
| mapsize                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Sooth Korea]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Yeongnam]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Sooth Korea|Provincial level]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Busan]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|Admeenistrative diveesions]]
| subdivision_name3       = 14 admeenistrative ''dong''
| parts_type              = 
| parts                   = 
| area_total_km2          = 13.98
| population_as_of        = 2006&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.yeongdo.go.kr/introduction/02_01.asp 영도구 : 홈 &gt; 우리구소개 &gt; 구정현황 &gt; 일반현황&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 162961
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| population_blank1       = [[Gyeongsang dialect|Gyeongsang]]
| website                 = {{url|http://www.yeongdo.go.kr/|Yeongdo Destrict Office}}
}}
'''Yeongdo-gu''' is a ''[[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea|gu]]'' in [[Busan]], [[Sooth Korea]]. The ''gu'' itsel is limitit tae Yeong-do (''Yeong Island'') locatit on the sooth edge o central Busan. It attained the status o ''gu'' in 1957.

The [[Korea Maritime Varsity]] an the Naitional Maritime Museum o Korea are locatit in Yeongdo-gu.

==Admeenistrative diveesions==
Yeongdo-gu is dividit intae 6 legal ''dong'', which aathegither comprise 14 admeenistrative ''dong'', as follaes:

*[[Namhang-dong]]
*[[Yeongseon-dong]] (2 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Sinseon-dong]] (3 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Bongnae-dong]] (3 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Cheonghak-dong]] (2 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Dongsam-dong]] (3 admeenistrative ''dong'')

==Sister ceeties==
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Luwan Destrict|Luwan]], [[Cheenae]]

==See an aw==
*[[Geografie o Sooth Korea]]
*[[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Yeongdo-gu, Busan}}
* [http://english.yeongdo.go.kr/ Yeongdo-gu wabsteid]{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{en icon}}

{{Busan}}
{{coord|35|04|N|129|03|E|region:KR_source:kolossus-nlwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Yeongdo-gu| ]]
[[Category:Destricts o Busan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921713</id>
      <parentid>921546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:10:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
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      <text bytes="2843" sha1="8s1gy3hms8wxji8kmu0r3l0l0e7f0o3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = {{raise|0.1em|Yeongdo-gu}}
| native_name             = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|영도구}}}}
| native_name_lang        = ko
| settlement_type         = [[Leet o destricts in Sooth Korea|Destrict]]
| translit_lang1          = Korean
| translit_lang1_type1    = Hanja
| translit_lang1_info1    = {{linktext|影|島|區}}
| translit_lang1_type2    = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}}
| translit_lang1_info2    = Yeongdo-gu
| translit_lang1_type3    = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}}
| translit_lang1_info3    = Yǒngdo-ku
| image_skyline           = Youngdo-gu, Busan.jpg
| image_map               = Busan Yeongdo-gu.svg
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Sooth Korea]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Yeongnam]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Sooth Korea|Provincial level]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Busan]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|Admeenistrative diveesions]]
| subdivision_name3       = 14 admeenistrative ''dong''
| area_total_km2          = 13.98
| population_as_of        = 2006&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.yeongdo.go.kr/introduction/02_01.asp 영도구 : 홈 &gt; 우리구소개 &gt; 구정현황 &gt; 일반현황&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 162961
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| population_blank1       = [[Gyeongsang dialect|Gyeongsang]]
| website                 = {{url|http://www.yeongdo.go.kr/|Yeongdo Destrict Office}}
}}
'''Yeongdo-gu''' is a ''[[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea|gu]]'' in [[Busan]], [[Sooth Korea]]. The ''gu'' itsel is limitit tae Yeong-do (''Yeong Island'') locatit on the sooth edge o central Busan. It attained the status o ''gu'' in 1957.

The [[Korea Maritime Varsity]] an the Naitional Maritime Museum o Korea are locatit in Yeongdo-gu.

==Admeenistrative diveesions==
Yeongdo-gu is dividit intae 6 legal ''dong'', which aathegither comprise 14 admeenistrative ''dong'', as follaes:

*[[Namhang-dong]]
*[[Yeongseon-dong]] (2 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Sinseon-dong]] (3 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Bongnae-dong]] (3 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Cheonghak-dong]] (2 admeenistrative ''dong'')
*[[Dongsam-dong]] (3 admeenistrative ''dong'')

==Sister ceeties==
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Luwan Destrict|Luwan]], [[Cheenae]]

==See an aw==
*[[Geografie o Sooth Korea]]
*[[Subdiveesions o Sooth Korea]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Yeongdo-gu, Busan}}
* [http://english.yeongdo.go.kr/ Yeongdo-gu wabsteid]{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{en icon}}

{{Busan}}
{{coord|35|04|N|129|03|E|region:KR_source:kolossus-nlwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Yeongdo-gu| ]]
[[Category:Destricts o Busan]]</text>
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    <title>Usulután Depairtment</title>
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      <text bytes="3260" sha1="17goy5l6mqcv8evv56qs8ceq2icleww" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = Usulután
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=UsulutánVolcano.jpg
| image_caption=Usulután Volcano
| image_flag           = Usulutan_flag.png
| image_shield         = 
| image_map            = Usulutan in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.376|-88.52|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1865
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Usulután]]
| area_total_km2       = 2130.4
| area_footnotes       =
| area_rank            = Rankit 1st
| population_total     = 366040
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank      = Rankit 5t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-US]]
| website              = 
}}
'''Usulután''' frae the [[Nawat]] leid (meanin &quot;ceety o the [[ocelots]]&quot;) is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]] in the sootheast o the kintra (Lenca region). The caipital is [[Usulután]].

It is El Salvador's lairgest depairtment. It haes a aurie o 2,130&amp;nbsp;km² an a population o ower 366,000.

The depairtment wis creatit on 22 Juin 1865.

On 26 October 1948, the Alegria destrict wis abolished an a new ane cried Santiago de Maria wis creatit; it conteens the ceeties o Santiago de Maria, which is the main ceety, as well as Alegria, Tecapan an California.

The ceety o Usulutan, the depairtment's caipital, wis foondit bi the Lenca tribes but it wis conquered bi the Pipil tribes. Some o the best beaches in El Salvador are locatit in Usulutan, an ithers such as El Espino are nou unner development.

The depairtment is hame tae [[Jiquilisco Bay]] an [[Port El Triunfo]].

==Municipalities==
# [[Alegría, Usulután|Alegría]]
# [[Berlín]]
# [[California, Usulután|California]]
# [[Concepción Batres]]
# [[El Triunfo, Usulután|El Triunfo]]
# [[Ereguayquín]]
# [[Estanzuelas]]
# [[Jiquilisco]]
# [[Jucuapa]]
# [[Jucuarán]]
# [[Mercedes Umaña]]
# [[Nueva Granada, Usulután|Nueva Granada]]
# [[Ozatlán]]
# [[Puerto El Triunfo]]
# [[San Agustín, Usulután|San Agustín]]
# [[San Buenaventura, Usulután|San Buenaventura]]
# [[San Dionisio, Usulután|San Dionisio]]
# [[San Francisco Javier]]
# [[Santa Elena, Usulután|Santa Elena]]
# [[Santa María, Usulután|Santa María]]
# [[Santiago de María]]
# [[Tecapán]]
# [[Usulután, Usulután|Usulután]]

==References==
*[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx El Salvador at GeoHive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023257/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx |date=2016-09-28 }}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

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      <text bytes="3131" sha1="n6l3v05d5z2q42z6xggwtq6fphvtv3c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = Usulután
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=UsulutánVolcano.jpg
| image_caption=Usulután Volcano
| image_flag           = Usulutan_flag.png
| image_map            = Usulutan in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.376|-88.52|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1865
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Usulután]]
| area_total_km2       = 2130.4
| area_rank            = Rankit 1st
| population_total     = 366040
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 5t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-US]]
}}
'''Usulután''' frae the [[Nawat]] leid (meanin &quot;ceety o the [[ocelots]]&quot;) is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]] in the sootheast o the kintra (Lenca region). The caipital is [[Usulután]].

It is El Salvador's lairgest depairtment. It haes a aurie o 2,130&amp;nbsp;km² an a population o ower 366,000.

The depairtment wis creatit on 22 Juin 1865.

On 26 October 1948, the Alegria destrict wis abolished an a new ane cried Santiago de Maria wis creatit; it conteens the ceeties o Santiago de Maria, which is the main ceety, as well as Alegria, Tecapan an California.

The ceety o Usulutan, the depairtment's caipital, wis foondit bi the Lenca tribes but it wis conquered bi the Pipil tribes. Some o the best beaches in El Salvador are locatit in Usulutan, an ithers such as El Espino are nou unner development.

The depairtment is hame tae [[Jiquilisco Bay]] an [[Port El Triunfo]].

==Municipalities==
# [[Alegría, Usulután|Alegría]]
# [[Berlín]]
# [[California, Usulután|California]]
# [[Concepción Batres]]
# [[El Triunfo, Usulután|El Triunfo]]
# [[Ereguayquín]]
# [[Estanzuelas]]
# [[Jiquilisco]]
# [[Jucuapa]]
# [[Jucuarán]]
# [[Mercedes Umaña]]
# [[Nueva Granada, Usulután|Nueva Granada]]
# [[Ozatlán]]
# [[Puerto El Triunfo]]
# [[San Agustín, Usulután|San Agustín]]
# [[San Buenaventura, Usulután|San Buenaventura]]
# [[San Dionisio, Usulután|San Dionisio]]
# [[San Francisco Javier]]
# [[Santa Elena, Usulután|Santa Elena]]
# [[Santa María, Usulután|Santa María]]
# [[Santiago de María]]
# [[Tecapán]]
# [[Usulután, Usulután|Usulután]]

==References==
*[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx El Salvador at GeoHive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023257/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx |date=2016-09-28 }}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

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    <title>San Vicente Depairtment</title>
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      <text bytes="2672" sha1="treki45mhj5g9z5x82iua06zmxqavyn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = San Vicente
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=San vicente els.jpg
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of San Vicente Department.svg
| image_shield         = Escudosanvicente es.jpg
| image_map            =San Vicente in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.526|-88.752|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1824
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[San Vicente, El Salvador|San Vicente]]
| area_total_km2       = 1184.0
| area_footnotes       =
| area_rank            = [[:en:List of Salvadoran departments by area|Rankit 11t]]
| population_total     = 174561
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank      = Rankit 13t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = [[:en:Telephone numbers in El Salvador|Cawin code]]
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-SV]]
| website              = 
}}
'''San Vicente''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]] in the centre o the kintra. The caipital is [[San Vicente, El Salvador|San Vicente]]. On 4 October 1834, San Vicente Ceety o Austrick an Lorenzana (Ciudad de San Vicente de Austria y Lorenzana) wis made the caipital o State o El Salvador durin the Federal Republic o Central Americae. In 1840, it stoppit tae be the caipital o the State o El Salvador but it continues tae be o the depairtment. The depairtment wis creatit on 12 Juin 1824. The San Vicente depairtment haes 1,184&amp;nbsp;km² an a population in excess o 174,500.

==Municipalities==
# [[Apastepeque]]
# [[Guadalupe, San Vicente|Guadalupe]]
# [[San Cayetano Istepeque]]
# [[San Esteban Catarina]]
# [[San Ildefonso, San Vicente|San Ildefonso]]
# [[San Lorenzo, San Vicente|San Lorenzo]]
# [[San Sebastián, San Vicente|San Sebastián]]
# [[San Vicente, San Vicente|San Vicente]]
# [[Santa Clara, San Vicente|Santa Clara]]
# [[Santo Domingo, San Vicente|Santo Domingo]]
# [[Tecoluca]]
# [[Tepetitán]]
# [[Verapaz, El Salvador|Verapaz]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:San Vicente Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1824]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2569" sha1="qt1jva46alo2f65u3tmc7xfpk0mr4hw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = San Vicente
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=San vicente els.jpg
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of San Vicente Department.svg
| image_shield         = Escudosanvicente es.jpg
| image_map            =San Vicente in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.526|-88.752|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1824
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[San Vicente, El Salvador|San Vicente]]
| area_total_km2       = 1184.0
| area_rank            = [[:en:List of Salvadoran departments by area|Rankit 11t]]
| population_total     = 174561
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 13t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = [[:en:Telephone numbers in El Salvador|Cawin code]]
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-SV]]
}}
'''San Vicente''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]] in the centre o the kintra. The caipital is [[San Vicente, El Salvador|San Vicente]]. On 4 October 1834, San Vicente Ceety o Austrick an Lorenzana (Ciudad de San Vicente de Austria y Lorenzana) wis made the caipital o State o El Salvador durin the Federal Republic o Central Americae. In 1840, it stoppit tae be the caipital o the State o El Salvador but it continues tae be o the depairtment. The depairtment wis creatit on 12 Juin 1824. The San Vicente depairtment haes 1,184&amp;nbsp;km² an a population in excess o 174,500.

==Municipalities==
# [[Apastepeque]]
# [[Guadalupe, San Vicente|Guadalupe]]
# [[San Cayetano Istepeque]]
# [[San Esteban Catarina]]
# [[San Ildefonso, San Vicente|San Ildefonso]]
# [[San Lorenzo, San Vicente|San Lorenzo]]
# [[San Sebastián, San Vicente|San Sebastián]]
# [[San Vicente, San Vicente|San Vicente]]
# [[Santa Clara, San Vicente|Santa Clara]]
# [[Santo Domingo, San Vicente|Santo Domingo]]
# [[Tecoluca]]
# [[Tepetitán]]
# [[Verapaz, El Salvador|Verapaz]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:San Vicente Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1824]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cuscatlán Depairtment</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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      <text bytes="2976" sha1="kxymlk6lopynr7gtfclgbd6b9v0omn3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = Cuscatlán
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline        = Cojutepeque entrada 2011.jpg
| image_flag           = Bandera_del_Departamento_de_Cuscatlán.PNG
| image_shield         = 
| image_map            = Cuscatlan in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.838|-89.031|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1835
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Cojutepeque]]
| area_total_km2       = 756.19
| area_footnotes       =
| area_rank            = Rankit 14t
| population_total     = 252528
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_footnotes = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 12t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-CU]]
| website              = 
}}

'''Cuscatlán''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]], locatit in the centre o the kintra. Wi a surface aurie o {{Convert|756.19|km2|mi2}}, it is El Salvador's smawest depairtment. It is inhabitit bi ower 252,000 fowk. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán wis the name the oreeginal inhabitants o the Wastren pairt o the kintra gae tae maist o the territory that is nou El Salvador. In their leid it means &quot;laund o precious jewels&quot;. It wis creatit on 22 Mey 1835. [[Suchitoto]] wis the first caipital o the depairtment but on 12 November 1861, [[Cojutepeque]] wis made the caipital. It is kent in producin fruits, tobacco, succar cane, an coffee amang ither items. The depairtment is famous for its [[chorizo]]s frae the ceety o Cojutepeque.

==Municipalities==
# [[Candelaria, Cuscatlán|Candelaria]]
# [[Cojutepeque, Cuscatlán|Cojutepeque]]
# [[El Carmen, Cuscatlán|El Carmen]]
# [[El Rosario, Cuscatlán|El Rosario]]
# [[Monte San Juan]]
# [[Oratorio de Concepción]]
# [[San Bartolomé Perulapía]]
# [[San Cristóbal, Cuscatlán|San Cristóbal]]
# [[San José Guayabal]]
# [[San Pedro Perulapán]]
# [[San Rafael Cedros]]
# [[San Ramón, Cuscatlán|San Ramón]]
# [[Santa Cruz Analquito]]
# [[Santa Cruz Michapa]]
# [[Suchitoto]]
# [[Tenancingo, Cuscatlán|Tenancingo]]

==References==
*[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx El Salvador at GeoHive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023257/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx |date=2016-09-28 }}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

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      <text bytes="2873" sha1="ma6kdevvc95nx5nimlck33yoz8os8ae" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = Cuscatlán
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline        = Cojutepeque entrada 2011.jpg
| image_flag           = Bandera_del_Departamento_de_Cuscatlán.PNG
| image_map            = Cuscatlan in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.838|-89.031|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1835
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Cojutepeque]]
| area_total_km2       = 756.19
| area_rank            = Rankit 14t
| population_total     = 252528
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 12t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-CU]]
}}

'''Cuscatlán''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]], locatit in the centre o the kintra. Wi a surface aurie o {{Convert|756.19|km2|mi2}}, it is El Salvador's smawest depairtment. It is inhabitit bi ower 252,000 fowk. Cuscatlán or Cuzcatlán wis the name the oreeginal inhabitants o the Wastren pairt o the kintra gae tae maist o the territory that is nou El Salvador. In their leid it means &quot;laund o precious jewels&quot;. It wis creatit on 22 Mey 1835. [[Suchitoto]] wis the first caipital o the depairtment but on 12 November 1861, [[Cojutepeque]] wis made the caipital. It is kent in producin fruits, tobacco, succar cane, an coffee amang ither items. The depairtment is famous for its [[chorizo]]s frae the ceety o Cojutepeque.

==Municipalities==
# [[Candelaria, Cuscatlán|Candelaria]]
# [[Cojutepeque, Cuscatlán|Cojutepeque]]
# [[El Carmen, Cuscatlán|El Carmen]]
# [[El Rosario, Cuscatlán|El Rosario]]
# [[Monte San Juan]]
# [[Oratorio de Concepción]]
# [[San Bartolomé Perulapía]]
# [[San Cristóbal, Cuscatlán|San Cristóbal]]
# [[San José Guayabal]]
# [[San Pedro Perulapán]]
# [[San Rafael Cedros]]
# [[San Ramón, Cuscatlán|San Ramón]]
# [[Santa Cruz Analquito]]
# [[Santa Cruz Michapa]]
# [[Suchitoto]]
# [[Tenancingo, Cuscatlán|Tenancingo]]

==References==
*[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx El Salvador at GeoHive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023257/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx |date=2016-09-28 }}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuscatlan Depairtment}}
[[Category:Cuscatlán Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1835]]</text>
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    <title>La Libertad Depairtment</title>
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      <text bytes="2403" sha1="4mjcya14wjedd4lj8myfh0wgwdw7g5z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = La Libertad
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=
| image_size           = 250px
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of La Libertad Department.svg
| image_shield         = Escudo del departamento de La Libertad..jpg
| image_map            = La Libertad in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.775|-89.359|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1865
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Santa Tecla, El Salvador|Santa Tecla]]
| area_total_km2       = 1652.9
| area_footnotes       =
| area_rank            = Rankit 6t
| population_total     = 747662
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank      = Rankit 2nt
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-LI]]
| website              = 
}}

'''La Libertad''' is ane o the [[depairtments o El Salvador]] an is locatit in the soothwast o the kintra. The caipital is [[Santa Tecla, El Salvador|Santa Tecla]]. It haes 1,653&amp;nbsp;km² an a population o mair nor 747,600 fowk. It wis classifee'd as a depairtment on 28 Januar 1865.

== Municipalities ==
# [[Antiguo Cuscatlán]]
# [[Chiltiupán]]
# [[Ciudad Arce]]
# [[Colón, La Libertad|Colón]]
# [[Comasagua]]
# [[Huizúcar]]
# [[Jayaque]]
# [[Jicalapa]]
# [[La Libertad, La Libertad|La Libertad]]
# [[Nuevo Cuscatlán]]
# [[Opico]]
# [[Quezaltepeque, La Libertad|Quezaltepeque]]
# [[Sacacoyo]]
# [[San José Villanueva]]
# [[San Matías, La Libertad|San Matías]]
# [[San Pablo Tacachico]]
# [[Santa Tecla, El Salvador|Santa Tecla]]
# [[Talnique]]
# [[Tamanique]]
# [[Teotepeque]]
# [[Tepecoyo]]
# [[Zaragoza, La Libertad|Zaragoza]]

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:La liberta.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:La Libertad Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1865]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2300" sha1="4bc9ps7bzwufctg37wcmiwgz1ertezc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = La Libertad
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=
| image_size           = 250px
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of La Libertad Department.svg
| image_shield         = Escudo del departamento de La Libertad..jpg
| image_map            = La Libertad in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.775|-89.359|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1865
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Santa Tecla, El Salvador|Santa Tecla]]
| area_total_km2       = 1652.9
| area_rank            = Rankit 6t
| population_total     = 747662
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 2nt
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-LI]]
}}

'''La Libertad''' is ane o the [[depairtments o El Salvador]] an is locatit in the soothwast o the kintra. The caipital is [[Santa Tecla, El Salvador|Santa Tecla]]. It haes 1,653&amp;nbsp;km² an a population o mair nor 747,600 fowk. It wis classifee'd as a depairtment on 28 Januar 1865.

== Municipalities ==
# [[Antiguo Cuscatlán]]
# [[Chiltiupán]]
# [[Ciudad Arce]]
# [[Colón, La Libertad|Colón]]
# [[Comasagua]]
# [[Huizúcar]]
# [[Jayaque]]
# [[Jicalapa]]
# [[La Libertad, La Libertad|La Libertad]]
# [[Nuevo Cuscatlán]]
# [[Opico]]
# [[Quezaltepeque, La Libertad|Quezaltepeque]]
# [[Sacacoyo]]
# [[San José Villanueva]]
# [[San Matías, La Libertad|San Matías]]
# [[San Pablo Tacachico]]
# [[Santa Tecla, El Salvador|Santa Tecla]]
# [[Talnique]]
# [[Tamanique]]
# [[Teotepeque]]
# [[Tepecoyo]]
# [[Zaragoza, La Libertad|Zaragoza]]

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:La liberta.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:La Libertad Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1865]]</text>
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    <title>Chalatenango Depairtment</title>
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      <text bytes="5332" sha1="22mqxlkf1es4ksc68ej9vexv3crv3hx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = Chalatenango
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=Iglesiadulce.jpg
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of Chalatenango.svg
| image_shield         = 
| image_map            = Chalatenango in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|14.173|-89.076|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1855
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Chalatenango, Chalatenango|Chalatenango]]
| area_total_km2       = 2016.6
| area_footnotes       =
| area_rank            = Rankit 5t
| elevation_max_m      = 2730
| population_total     = 204808
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank      = Rankit 10t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-CH]]
| website              = {{URL|http://www.chalatenango.gob.sv/}}
}}

'''Chalatenango''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]], locatit in the northwast o the kintra. The caipital is the ceety o [[Chalatenango, Chalatenango|Chalatenango]]. The Chalatenango Depairtment encompasses 2,017&amp;nbsp;km² an conteens mair nor 204,000 inhabitants. ''Las Matras Airchaeological Ruins'' conteens the relics o prehistoric populations an caves in which rock writin is foond.  The &quot;5 de Noviembre&quot; Hydroelectric Dam is foond in Chalatenango Depairtment, near the border wi Cabañas. The heichest point in the kintra, [[El Pital]] wi a elevation o 2730.06 m, is locatit in Chalatenango Depairtment an aw.

==Agricultur==
The maist cultivatit agricultural products are the basic grains, henequen (a teep o agave), coffee, fruits, orchard plants, an vegetables, horse an cattle, an wilderness agricultur. Mairower, plaster, gowd, lime, clay lead, siller, an zinc can be foond thare.

== History ==
Aroond 1790, [[Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet]], Govrenor o El Salvador, foond that the local [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|indigenous population]] wirkin in Chaletenango's [[Indigofera suffruticosa|indigo]] industry haed declined greatly. Carondolet respondit bi bringin poor [[Spaniards]] tae settle, wi the result that mony blonde an licht skinned/eyed fowk mey still be foond in the Chalatenango Depairtment the day.&lt;ref name = Noyelles&gt;{{Cite web
| title = François Louis Hector de Carondelet
| work = Noyelles sur Selle, Carondelet
| accessdate = 2013-02-18
| language = French
| url = http://michel.turpain.pagesperso-orange.fr/pages/carondelet.htm
| archive-date = 2020-11-16
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201116075713/http://michel.turpain.pagesperso-orange.fr/pages/carondelet.htm
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chalatenango wis made a depairtment on 14 Februar 1855.

Durin the 1980s, the depairtment wis the stranghold o the [[Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí|Farabundo Martí Popular Forces o Leeberation]] (FPL), ane o the twa lairgest groups in the [[Farabundo Martí Naitional Leeberation Front|Frente Farabundo Martí Para la Liberacion Nacional]] (FMLN).

==Municipalities==
[[Image:Atardecermiramundo.jpg|thumb|[[La Palma, Chalatenango|La Palma]]]]
# [[Agua Caliente, El Salvador|Agua Caliente]]
# [[Arcatao]]
# [[Azacualpa, Chalatenango|Azacualpa]]
# [[Chalatenango, Chalatenango|Chalatenango]]
# [[Citalá]]
# [[Comalapa, Chalatenango|Comalapa]]
# [[Concepción Quezaltepeque]]
# [[Dulce Nombre de María]]
# [[El Carrizal]]
# [[El Paraíso, Chalatenango|El Paraíso]]
# [[La Laguna, Chalatenango|La Laguna]]
# [[La Palma, Chalatenango|La Palma]]
# [[La Reina, Chalatenango|La Reina]]
# [[Las Vueltas]]
# [[Nombre de Jesús]]
# [[Nueva Concepción]]
# [[Nueva Trinidad]]
# [[Ojos de Agua]]
# [[Potonico]]
# [[San Antonio de la Cruz]]
# [[San Antonio Los Ranchos]]
# [[San Fernando, Chalatenango|San Fernando]]
# [[San Francisco Lempa]]
# [[San Francisco Morazán]]
# [[San Ignacio, Chalatenango|San Ignacio]]
# [[San Isidro Labrador, Chalatenango|San Isidro Labrador]]
# [[San José Cancasque]]
# [[San José Las Flores, Chalatenango|San José Las Flores]]
# [[San Jose Ojos de Agua, El Salvador|San José Ojos de Agua]]
# [[San Luis del Carmen]]
# [[San Miguel de Mercedes]]
# [[San Rafael, Chalatenango|San Rafael]]
# [[Santa Rita, Chalatenango|Santa Rita]]
# [[Tejutla, Chalatenango|Tejutla]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.chalatenango.gob.sv Alcaldia Municipal de Chalatenango] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014141902/http://chalatenango.gob.sv/ |date=2016-10-14 }}, 2009-2012. 
* Atlas Geográfico Universal y de El Salvador. Editorial Oceano. Edición 1995 ISBN 84-494-0135-6
* [http://www.chalatenangosv.com Sitio web del departamento de Chalatenango]

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:Chalatenango Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1855]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5212" sha1="hn2x3gu48hj5xei92azx7esigk71hyp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = Chalatenango
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=Iglesiadulce.jpg
| image_flag           = Flag of Chalatenango.svg
| image_map            = Chalatenango in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|14.173|-89.076|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1855
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[Chalatenango, Chalatenango|Chalatenango]]
| area_total_km2       = 2016.6
| area_rank            = Rankit 5t
| elevation_max_m      = 2730
| population_total     = 204808
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 10t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-CH]]
| website              = {{URL|http://www.chalatenango.gob.sv/}}
}}

'''Chalatenango''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]], locatit in the northwast o the kintra. The caipital is the ceety o [[Chalatenango, Chalatenango|Chalatenango]]. The Chalatenango Depairtment encompasses 2,017&amp;nbsp;km² an conteens mair nor 204,000 inhabitants. ''Las Matras Airchaeological Ruins'' conteens the relics o prehistoric populations an caves in which rock writin is foond.  The &quot;5 de Noviembre&quot; Hydroelectric Dam is foond in Chalatenango Depairtment, near the border wi Cabañas. The heichest point in the kintra, [[El Pital]] wi a elevation o 2730.06 m, is locatit in Chalatenango Depairtment an aw.

==Agricultur==
The maist cultivatit agricultural products are the basic grains, henequen (a teep o agave), coffee, fruits, orchard plants, an vegetables, horse an cattle, an wilderness agricultur. Mairower, plaster, gowd, lime, clay lead, siller, an zinc can be foond thare.

== History ==
Aroond 1790, [[Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet]], Govrenor o El Salvador, foond that the local [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|indigenous population]] wirkin in Chaletenango's [[Indigofera suffruticosa|indigo]] industry haed declined greatly. Carondolet respondit bi bringin poor [[Spaniards]] tae settle, wi the result that mony blonde an licht skinned/eyed fowk mey still be foond in the Chalatenango Depairtment the day.&lt;ref name = Noyelles&gt;{{Cite web
| title = François Louis Hector de Carondelet
| work = Noyelles sur Selle, Carondelet
| accessdate = 2013-02-18
| language = French
| url = http://michel.turpain.pagesperso-orange.fr/pages/carondelet.htm
| archive-date = 2020-11-16
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201116075713/http://michel.turpain.pagesperso-orange.fr/pages/carondelet.htm
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chalatenango wis made a depairtment on 14 Februar 1855.

Durin the 1980s, the depairtment wis the stranghold o the [[Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí|Farabundo Martí Popular Forces o Leeberation]] (FPL), ane o the twa lairgest groups in the [[Farabundo Martí Naitional Leeberation Front|Frente Farabundo Martí Para la Liberacion Nacional]] (FMLN).

==Municipalities==
[[Image:Atardecermiramundo.jpg|thumb|[[La Palma, Chalatenango|La Palma]]]]
# [[Agua Caliente, El Salvador|Agua Caliente]]
# [[Arcatao]]
# [[Azacualpa, Chalatenango|Azacualpa]]
# [[Chalatenango, Chalatenango|Chalatenango]]
# [[Citalá]]
# [[Comalapa, Chalatenango|Comalapa]]
# [[Concepción Quezaltepeque]]
# [[Dulce Nombre de María]]
# [[El Carrizal]]
# [[El Paraíso, Chalatenango|El Paraíso]]
# [[La Laguna, Chalatenango|La Laguna]]
# [[La Palma, Chalatenango|La Palma]]
# [[La Reina, Chalatenango|La Reina]]
# [[Las Vueltas]]
# [[Nombre de Jesús]]
# [[Nueva Concepción]]
# [[Nueva Trinidad]]
# [[Ojos de Agua]]
# [[Potonico]]
# [[San Antonio de la Cruz]]
# [[San Antonio Los Ranchos]]
# [[San Fernando, Chalatenango|San Fernando]]
# [[San Francisco Lempa]]
# [[San Francisco Morazán]]
# [[San Ignacio, Chalatenango|San Ignacio]]
# [[San Isidro Labrador, Chalatenango|San Isidro Labrador]]
# [[San José Cancasque]]
# [[San José Las Flores, Chalatenango|San José Las Flores]]
# [[San Jose Ojos de Agua, El Salvador|San José Ojos de Agua]]
# [[San Luis del Carmen]]
# [[San Miguel de Mercedes]]
# [[San Rafael, Chalatenango|San Rafael]]
# [[Santa Rita, Chalatenango|Santa Rita]]
# [[Tejutla, Chalatenango|Tejutla]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.chalatenango.gob.sv Alcaldia Municipal de Chalatenango] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014141902/http://chalatenango.gob.sv/ |date=2016-10-14 }}, 2009-2012. 
* Atlas Geográfico Universal y de El Salvador. Editorial Oceano. Edición 1995 ISBN 84-494-0135-6
* [http://www.chalatenangosv.com Sitio web del departamento de Chalatenango]

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:Chalatenango Depairtment| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1855]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>San Miguel Depairtment (El Salvador)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:43:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921646</origin>
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      <text bytes="3495" sha1="n25s8pjpvhxa081yc26vnkieutprsk0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = San Miguel
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=Vista desde el valle de la ciudad de San Miguel.jpg
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of San Miguel Department.png
| image_shield         = &lt;!-- Escudo de san miguel.png --&gt;
| image_map            = San Miguel in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.522|-88.234|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1824
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[San Miguel, El Salvador|San Miguel]]
| area_total_km2       = 2077.1
| area_footnotes       =
| area_rank            = Rankit 2nt
| population_total     = 478792
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank      = Rankit 4t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| area_code            = 
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-SM]]
| website              = 
}}
'''San Miguel''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]] in the eastren pairt o the kintra. The caipital is [[San Miguel, El Salvador|San Miguel]]. It haes a aurie o 2,077&amp;nbsp;km² an a population o ower 478,000.

San Miguel wis first kent as San Miguel de la Frontera. The ceety wis foondit bi Luis de Moscoso on 8 Mey 1530, whaur it is nou [[Santa Elena]]. This territory wis pairt o the Lenca [[Principality]] at the time o the conquest. On 11 Julie 1812 it wis gien the title o &quot;Noble y Leal Ciudad&quot; (noble an lyal ceety). It wis made a depairtment on 12 Juin 1824.

==Municipalities==
[[Image:El Cuco San Miguel El Salvador Playa 2011.jpg|thumb|A beach in El Cuco, San Miguel]]
# [[Carolina, San Miguel|Carolina]]
# [[Chapeltique]]
# [[Chinameca, San Miguel|Chinameca]]
# [[Chirilagua]]
# [[Ciudad Barrios]]
# [[Comacarán]]
# [[El Tránsito]]
# [[Lolotique]]
# [[Moncagua]]
# [[Nueva Guadalupe]]
# [[Nuevo Edén de San Juan]]
# [[Quelepa]]
# [[San Antonio, San Miguel|San Antonio]]
# [[San Gerardo]]
# [[San Jorge, San Miguel|San Jorge]]
# [[San Luis de la Reina]]
# [[San Miguel, San Miguel|San Miguel]]
# [[San Rafael, San Miguel|San Rafael]]
# [[Sesori]]
# [[Uluazapa]]

==Agricultur==
The products that are mair cultivatit are the basic grains, henequen an succar cane, fruits, oleaginous seeds, mangrove, an grass. The upbringin o bovine, swinish, goat, an mule livestock exists an the upbringin o corral birds an o bees. Amang the maist important manufacturin, thare is the elaboration o nutritious products, threads, yarns, drinks, cotton fabrics, clothes, leather articles, detergents, soaps, milk, an construction material.

==Tourism==
Thare are a few beaches in the San Miguel depairtment, for instance in El Cuco. 

==References==
*[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx El Salvador at GeoHive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023257/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx |date=2016-09-28 }}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:San Miguel Depairtment (El Salvador)| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1824]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="3392" sha1="jmskzigjp900urty0jen8l8p3qxi46z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                 = San Miguel
| settlement_type      = [[Depairtments o El Salvador|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline=Vista desde el valle de la ciudad de San Miguel.jpg
| image_caption=
| image_flag           = Flag of San Miguel Department.png
| image_shield         = &lt;!-- Escudo de san miguel.png --&gt;
| image_map            = San Miguel in El Salvador.svg
| mapsize              = frameless
| map_caption          = Location athin El Salvador
| coordinates          = {{coord|13.522|-88.234|region:SV_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type     = Kintra
| subdivision_name     = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| established_title    = Creatit&lt;br/&gt;{{nobold|{{small|(gien&amp;nbsp;current&amp;nbsp;status)}}}}
| established_date     = 1824
| seat_title           = Caipital
| seat                 = [[San Miguel, El Salvador|San Miguel]]
| area_total_km2       = 2077.1
| area_rank            = Rankit 2nt
| population_total     = 478792
| population_as of     = 2013
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank      = Rankit 4t
| timezone             = [[Central Staundart Time|CST]]
| utc_offset           = −6
| area_code_type       = Cawin code
| iso_code             = [[ISO 3166-2:SV|SV-SM]]
}}
'''San Miguel''' is a [[Depairtments o El Salvador|depairtment]] o [[El Salvador]] in the eastren pairt o the kintra. The caipital is [[San Miguel, El Salvador|San Miguel]]. It haes a aurie o 2,077&amp;nbsp;km² an a population o ower 478,000.

San Miguel wis first kent as San Miguel de la Frontera. The ceety wis foondit bi Luis de Moscoso on 8 Mey 1530, whaur it is nou [[Santa Elena]]. This territory wis pairt o the Lenca [[Principality]] at the time o the conquest. On 11 Julie 1812 it wis gien the title o &quot;Noble y Leal Ciudad&quot; (noble an lyal ceety). It wis made a depairtment on 12 Juin 1824.

==Municipalities==
[[Image:El Cuco San Miguel El Salvador Playa 2011.jpg|thumb|A beach in El Cuco, San Miguel]]
# [[Carolina, San Miguel|Carolina]]
# [[Chapeltique]]
# [[Chinameca, San Miguel|Chinameca]]
# [[Chirilagua]]
# [[Ciudad Barrios]]
# [[Comacarán]]
# [[El Tránsito]]
# [[Lolotique]]
# [[Moncagua]]
# [[Nueva Guadalupe]]
# [[Nuevo Edén de San Juan]]
# [[Quelepa]]
# [[San Antonio, San Miguel|San Antonio]]
# [[San Gerardo]]
# [[San Jorge, San Miguel|San Jorge]]
# [[San Luis de la Reina]]
# [[San Miguel, San Miguel|San Miguel]]
# [[San Rafael, San Miguel|San Rafael]]
# [[Sesori]]
# [[Uluazapa]]

==Agricultur==
The products that are mair cultivatit are the basic grains, henequen an succar cane, fruits, oleaginous seeds, mangrove, an grass. The upbringin o bovine, swinish, goat, an mule livestock exists an the upbringin o corral birds an o bees. Amang the maist important manufacturin, thare is the elaboration o nutritious products, threads, yarns, drinks, cotton fabrics, clothes, leather articles, detergents, soaps, milk, an construction material.

==Tourism==
Thare are a few beaches in the San Miguel depairtment, for instance in El Cuco. 

==References==
*[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx El Salvador at GeoHive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928023257/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/elsalvador.aspx |date=2016-09-28 }}

{{Depairtments o El Salvador}}

[[Category:San Miguel Depairtment (El Salvador)| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o El Salvador]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1824]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4227" sha1="n89acrah4e48fl9tyle1fl1xut1ns4t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Municipality o Cerkno
| official_name           =
| native_name             = Občina Cerkno
| native_name_lang        = sl&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;fr&quot; for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Slovenie|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           =
| image_shield            =
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Obcine Slovenija 2006 Cerkno.svg
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o the Municipality o Cerkno in Slovenie
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|8|N|13|58|E|region:SI_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Slovenie}}
| established_title       =
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --&gt;
| seat                    =
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            =
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Gašper Uršič
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          =
| total_type              =
| area_total_km2          = 131.6
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 5,040
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_note         =
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +01
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +02
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
| iso_code                =
| website                 = {{url|http://www.cerkno.si/}}&lt;!-- [http://www.example.com example.com] --&gt;
| footnotes               =
}}

The '''Municipality o Cerkno''' ({{lang-sl|Občina Cerkno}}) is a [[municipality]] in the [[Slovene Littoral|Littoral]] region o [[Slovenie]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cerkno.si Cerkno municipal site]&lt;/ref&gt;
The seat o the municipality is the toun o [[Cerkno]]. The municipality haes aroond 5,000 fowk.

==History==
Historically, the [[Cerkno Hills]] belangit tae [[Tolmin]] Coonty. In the 16t hunderyear, the aurie came unner [[Habsburg]] rule, an wis includit in the Coonty o [[Gorizia an Gradisca]]. Efter the end o [[Warld War I]], the aurie wis occupee'd bi the [[Italian Airmy]], an then offeecially annexed tae [[Italy]] in 1920. Atween 1920 an 1943, it wis pairt o the admeenistrative region kent as the [[Julian Mairch]]. Efter the [[Italian airmistice]] in September 1943, Cerkno wis leeberatit bi the [[Yugoslav Pairtisans]] an the region became ane o the maist important centres o Pairtisan resistance in the [[Slovene Littoral]]. In 1945, the aurie came unner Yugoslav militar admeenistration, an in 1947 it wis offeecially annexed tae the [[Socialist Republic o Slovenie]] athin the [[Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{commonscat-inline|Cerkno municipality|Municipality of Cerkno}}
* [http://www.cerkno.si/ Cerkno municipal steid {{sl icon}}]
* [http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html#T105_L408_F14_x421486_y109439_s12_b4 Municipality o Cerkno at Geopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620155109/http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html#T105_L408_F14_x421486_y109439_s12_b4 |date=2012-06-20 }}

{{Cerkno}}
{{Municipalities o Slovenie}}

[[Category:Municipality o Cerkno| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o Slovenie|Cerkno]]
[[Category:Municipalities in the Slovene Littoral|Cerkno]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Slovenie]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2993" sha1="cp6aasvyq07uey6h8hy8ybehjxnq3xk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Municipality o Cerkno
| native_name             = Občina Cerkno
| native_name_lang        = sl
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Slovenie|Municipality]]
| image_map               = Obcine Slovenija 2006 Cerkno.svg
| map_caption             = Location o the Municipality o Cerkno in Slovenie
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|8|N|13|58|E|region:SI_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Slovenie}}
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Gašper Uršič
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2          = 131.6
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 5,040
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +01
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +02
| website                 = {{url|http://www.cerkno.si/}}
}}

The '''Municipality o Cerkno''' ({{lang-sl|Občina Cerkno}}) is a [[municipality]] in the [[Slovene Littoral|Littoral]] region o [[Slovenie]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cerkno.si Cerkno municipal site]&lt;/ref&gt;
The seat o the municipality is the toun o [[Cerkno]]. The municipality haes aroond 5,000 fowk.

==History==
Historically, the [[Cerkno Hills]] belangit tae [[Tolmin]] Coonty. In the 16t hunderyear, the aurie came unner [[Habsburg]] rule, an wis includit in the Coonty o [[Gorizia an Gradisca]]. Efter the end o [[Warld War I]], the aurie wis occupee'd bi the [[Italian Airmy]], an then offeecially annexed tae [[Italy]] in 1920. Atween 1920 an 1943, it wis pairt o the admeenistrative region kent as the [[Julian Mairch]]. Efter the [[Italian airmistice]] in September 1943, Cerkno wis leeberatit bi the [[Yugoslav Pairtisans]] an the region became ane o the maist important centres o Pairtisan resistance in the [[Slovene Littoral]]. In 1945, the aurie came unner Yugoslav militar admeenistration, an in 1947 it wis offeecially annexed tae the [[Socialist Republic o Slovenie]] athin the [[Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{commonscat-inline|Cerkno municipality|Municipality of Cerkno}}
* [http://www.cerkno.si/ Cerkno municipal steid {{sl icon}}]
* [http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html#T105_L408_F14_x421486_y109439_s12_b4 Municipality o Cerkno at Geopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620155109/http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html#T105_L408_F14_x421486_y109439_s12_b4 |date=2012-06-20 }}

{{Cerkno}}
{{Municipalities o Slovenie}}

[[Category:Municipality o Cerkno| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o Slovenie|Cerkno]]
[[Category:Municipalities in the Slovene Littoral|Cerkno]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Slovenie]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6239" sha1="jfupgmzvrub6ppajwcedhzjocxadjbj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Municipality o Tolmin
| official_name           = 
| native_name             = Občina Tolmin
| native_name_lang        = sl&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;fr&quot; for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Slovenie|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Tolmin600.jpg
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Tolmin, the centre o the municipality
| image_shield            =
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               =
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o the Municipality o Tolmin in Slovenie
| pushpin_map             =
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|11|4|N|13|43|59|E|region:SI_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Slovenie}}
| established_title       =
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --&gt;
| seat                    =
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            =
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Uroš Brežan
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          =
| total_type              =
| area_total_km2          = 381.5
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 12,198
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_note         =
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +01
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +02
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
| iso_code                =
| website                 = {{url|http://www.tolmin.si}}&lt;!-- [http://www.example.com example.com] --&gt;
| footnotes               =
}}
The '''Municipality o Tolmin''' ({{lang-sl|Občina Tolmin}}) is a [[municipalities o Slovenie|municipality]] in northwastren [[Slovenie]]. Its centre an the lairgest dounset is [[Tolmin]].

==History==
{{see also|Gorizia an Gradisca|Austrian Littoral|Julian Mairch}}
In auncient times the aurie wis inhabitit bi the [[Illyries]] an then bi the [[Auncient Roum|Romans]]. In the 6t hunderyear the [[Slavs]], ancestors o present-day [[Slovenes]], settled the area.

Tiil 1420 it belangit tae the Patriairchate o Aquileia, when it was acquired bi the [[Republic o Venice]]. In 1514 it became a possession of the [[Habsburg]]s, who gae it as fief tae the [[Coronini-Cronberg]] faimily. [[Medieval]] documents testifee tae a lang series o uprisins, culminatin in the Tolmin [[peasant revolt]] o 1713. That pairticular insurgence spread frae [[Tolmin Coonty]] tae the [[Vipava Valley]], [[Kras|Karst]], an [[Municipality o Brda|Brda]], an further on tae northren [[Istrie]]. The uprisin was mercilessly crushed bi the [[Holy Roman Empire|imperial]] airmy an its eleiven leaders wur beheidit.

In the 16t hunderyear, the aurie became pairt o the Coonty o [[Gorizia an Gradisca]]. Durin the [[Warld War I]], Tolmin servit as a [[Militar base|base]] for the victorious breach o the [[Battles o the Isonzo|Soča/Isonzo Front]]. Occupee'd bi Italian troops at the end o 1918, it wis pairt o the [[Kinrick o Italy]] atween 1918 an 1943 (nominally tae 1947) as a commune o the [[Province o Gorizia]] (as Tolmino), except durin the period atween 1924 an 1927, when the Province o Gorizia wis abolished an annexed tae the [[Province o Udine]].&lt;ref&gt;http://utenti.multimania.it/Legionario/vgammin.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719164844/http://utenti.multimania.it/Legionario/vgammin.htm |date=2011-07-19 }} Tolmin was during Italian Rule&lt;/ref&gt; an atween 1943 an 1945 o the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[Operational Zone Adriatic Coast]]. In 1945 it wis leeberatit bi the [[Yugoslav Pairtisans]] an in 1947 it wis offeecially annexed tae [[Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie|Yugoslavie]]. Syne then, it haes been a integral pairt o Slovenie.

==Geografie==
The Tolmin aurie includes the Tolminka an [[Zadlaščica]] basins at the entrance tae [[Triglav Naitional Pairk]], which are its lawest point (180 m) an aw. A special featur o the Tolminka Basins is a thermal spring at the end o the path. The region boasts several record-hauldin watterfaws (Brinta Falls 104 m, Gregorčič Falls 88 m) an aw an several ither smawer watterfaws hidden in the ravines o Cauld Creek ({{lang-sl|Mrzli potok}}), [[Godiča|Godiča Creek]], [[Pščak|Pščak Creek]], an [[Sopotnica, Škofja Loka|Sopotnica Creek]].

==Cultur==
Tolmin haes been the venue for the [[Metaldays]] hivy metal festival an [[Soča Reggae Riversplash]] festival.

==Politics==
The Municipality o Tolmin is govrened bi a mayor electit ivery fower years bi popular vote, an a municipal cooncil o 22 members. The local poleetical scene is relatively diversifeee'd, wi nae prevalence o a pairticular pairty, awtho the conservative [[New Slovenie]] an [[Slovenie Fowkpairty]] tend tae receive a heicher proportion o votes than their naitional average. Tradeetionally, the left-wing an leeberal pairties hae been stranger in the toun center, whauras the kintraside tends tae favor conservative pairties. In naitional politics, the Tolmin electoral destrict haes heichly favored the conservative [[Slovenie Democratic Pairty]], but this is lairgely due tae the prevalence o this pairty in the ither twa municipalities shapin the destrict, ([[Bovec]] an [[Kobarid]]).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Tolmin municipality|Municipality o Tolmin}}

{{Municipalities o Slovenie}}

[[Category:Municipality o Tolmin| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o Slovenie|Tolmin]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Slovenie]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5144" sha1="a4nutt3bz3obwbv894tcyzhnjo5j68n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Municipality o Tolmin
| native_name             = Občina Tolmin
| native_name_lang        = sl
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Slovenie|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = Tolmin600.jpg
| image_caption           = Tolmin, the centre o the municipality
| map_caption             = Location o the Municipality o Tolmin in Slovenie
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|11|4|N|13|43|59|E|region:SI_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Slovenie}}
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Uroš Brežan
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2          = 381.5
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 12,198
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +01
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +02
| website                 = {{url|http://www.tolmin.si}}
}}
The '''Municipality o Tolmin''' ({{lang-sl|Občina Tolmin}}) is a [[municipalities o Slovenie|municipality]] in northwastren [[Slovenie]]. Its centre an the lairgest dounset is [[Tolmin]].

==History==
{{see also|Gorizia an Gradisca|Austrian Littoral|Julian Mairch}}
In auncient times the aurie wis inhabitit bi the [[Illyries]] an then bi the [[Auncient Roum|Romans]]. In the 6t hunderyear the [[Slavs]], ancestors o present-day [[Slovenes]], settled the area.

Tiil 1420 it belangit tae the Patriairchate o Aquileia, when it was acquired bi the [[Republic o Venice]]. In 1514 it became a possession of the [[Habsburg]]s, who gae it as fief tae the [[Coronini-Cronberg]] faimily. [[Medieval]] documents testifee tae a lang series o uprisins, culminatin in the Tolmin [[peasant revolt]] o 1713. That pairticular insurgence spread frae [[Tolmin Coonty]] tae the [[Vipava Valley]], [[Kras|Karst]], an [[Municipality o Brda|Brda]], an further on tae northren [[Istrie]]. The uprisin was mercilessly crushed bi the [[Holy Roman Empire|imperial]] airmy an its eleiven leaders wur beheidit.

In the 16t hunderyear, the aurie became pairt o the Coonty o [[Gorizia an Gradisca]]. Durin the [[Warld War I]], Tolmin servit as a [[Militar base|base]] for the victorious breach o the [[Battles o the Isonzo|Soča/Isonzo Front]]. Occupee'd bi Italian troops at the end o 1918, it wis pairt o the [[Kinrick o Italy]] atween 1918 an 1943 (nominally tae 1947) as a commune o the [[Province o Gorizia]] (as Tolmino), except durin the period atween 1924 an 1927, when the Province o Gorizia wis abolished an annexed tae the [[Province o Udine]].&lt;ref&gt;http://utenti.multimania.it/Legionario/vgammin.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719164844/http://utenti.multimania.it/Legionario/vgammin.htm |date=2011-07-19 }} Tolmin was during Italian Rule&lt;/ref&gt; an atween 1943 an 1945 o the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[Operational Zone Adriatic Coast]]. In 1945 it wis leeberatit bi the [[Yugoslav Pairtisans]] an in 1947 it wis offeecially annexed tae [[Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie|Yugoslavie]]. Syne then, it haes been a integral pairt o Slovenie.

==Geografie==
The Tolmin aurie includes the Tolminka an [[Zadlaščica]] basins at the entrance tae [[Triglav Naitional Pairk]], which are its lawest point (180 m) an aw. A special featur o the Tolminka Basins is a thermal spring at the end o the path. The region boasts several record-hauldin watterfaws (Brinta Falls 104 m, Gregorčič Falls 88 m) an aw an several ither smawer watterfaws hidden in the ravines o Cauld Creek ({{lang-sl|Mrzli potok}}), [[Godiča|Godiča Creek]], [[Pščak|Pščak Creek]], an [[Sopotnica, Škofja Loka|Sopotnica Creek]].

==Cultur==
Tolmin haes been the venue for the [[Metaldays]] hivy metal festival an [[Soča Reggae Riversplash]] festival.

==Politics==
The Municipality o Tolmin is govrened bi a mayor electit ivery fower years bi popular vote, an a municipal cooncil o 22 members. The local poleetical scene is relatively diversifeee'd, wi nae prevalence o a pairticular pairty, awtho the conservative [[New Slovenie]] an [[Slovenie Fowkpairty]] tend tae receive a heicher proportion o votes than their naitional average. Tradeetionally, the left-wing an leeberal pairties hae been stranger in the toun center, whauras the kintraside tends tae favor conservative pairties. In naitional politics, the Tolmin electoral destrict haes heichly favored the conservative [[Slovenie Democratic Pairty]], but this is lairgely due tae the prevalence o this pairty in the ither twa municipalities shapin the destrict, ([[Bovec]] an [[Kobarid]]).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Tolmin municipality|Municipality o Tolmin}}

{{Municipalities o Slovenie}}

[[Category:Municipality o Tolmin| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities o Slovenie|Tolmin]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Slovenie]]</text>
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    <title>Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica</title>
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      <text bytes="3899" sha1="lkdc2bp22wm7kdrfzdt9xfq9ftwjkdh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica
| native_name             = Občina Hoče-Slivnica
| native_name_lang        = sl
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Slovenie|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           =SLO-Spodnje Hoče1.JPG
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           =Spodnje Hoče
| image_shield            =
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Karte Hoce si.png
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o the Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica in Slovenie
| pushpin_map             = &lt;!-- Slovenia --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|29|N|15|40|E|region:SI_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Slovenie}}
| established_title       =
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = &lt;!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --&gt;
| seat                    =
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            =
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Marko Soršak
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          =
| total_type              =
| area_total_km2          = 53.7
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 9629
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_note         =
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +01
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +02
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
| iso_code                =
| website                 = &lt;!-- [http://www.example.com example.com] --&gt;
| footnotes               =
}}
The '''Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica''' ({{lang-sl|Občina Hoče-Slivnica}}) is a [[municipality]] sooth o [[Maribor]] in northeastren [[Slovenie]]. Its admeenistrative centre is in [[Spodnje Hoče]].

Traditionally the aurie wis pairt o [[Lawer Styrie]]. It is nou includit in the [[Drava Statistical Region]]. The municipality extends frae the flatland on the richt bank o the [[Drava River]] intae the [[Pohorje]] Hills.

The [[A1 motorwey (Slovenie)|motorwey]] an railwey line frae Ljubljana tae Maribor run throu the municipality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.hoce-slivnica.si/ |title=Hoče–Slivnica municipal site |access-date=2014-11-14 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225163829/https://www.hoce-slivnica.si/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html?params=L408_F160_T13_vF_b4_x548242.5_y149762_s13 Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica on Geopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195208/http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html?params=L408_F160_T13_vF_b4_x548242.5_y149762_s13 |date=2016-03-04 }}
* [http://www.hoce-slivnica.si Hoče–Slivnica municipal steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225163829/https://www.hoce-slivnica.si/ |date=2021-02-25 }}

{{Hoče–Slivnica}}
{{Municipalities o Slovenie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipality o Hoce-Slivnica}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Slovenie|Hoce-Slivnica]]
[[Category:Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica| ]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Slovenie]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Styrie (Slovenie)|Hoce-Slivnica]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2870" sha1="s6rlsw51ynbrb7dszu2c1qkd7z7k58f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica
| native_name             = Občina Hoče-Slivnica
| native_name_lang        = sl
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Slovenie|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           =SLO-Spodnje Hoče1.JPG
| image_caption           =Spodnje Hoče
| image_map               = Karte Hoce si.png
| map_caption             = Location o the Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica in Slovenie
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|29|N|15|40|E|region:SI_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Slovenie}}
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Marko Soršak
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2          = 53.7
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, census of 2002]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 9629
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +01
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +02
}}
The '''Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica''' ({{lang-sl|Občina Hoče-Slivnica}}) is a [[municipality]] sooth o [[Maribor]] in northeastren [[Slovenie]]. Its admeenistrative centre is in [[Spodnje Hoče]].

Traditionally the aurie wis pairt o [[Lawer Styrie]]. It is nou includit in the [[Drava Statistical Region]]. The municipality extends frae the flatland on the richt bank o the [[Drava River]] intae the [[Pohorje]] Hills.

The [[A1 motorwey (Slovenie)|motorwey]] an railwey line frae Ljubljana tae Maribor run throu the municipality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.hoce-slivnica.si/ |title=Hoče–Slivnica municipal site |access-date=2014-11-14 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225163829/https://www.hoce-slivnica.si/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html?params=L408_F160_T13_vF_b4_x548242.5_y149762_s13 Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica on Geopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195208/http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html?params=L408_F160_T13_vF_b4_x548242.5_y149762_s13 |date=2016-03-04 }}
* [http://www.hoce-slivnica.si Hoče–Slivnica municipal steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225163829/https://www.hoce-slivnica.si/ |date=2021-02-25 }}

{{Hoče–Slivnica}}
{{Municipalities o Slovenie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipality o Hoce-Slivnica}}
[[Category:Municipalities o Slovenie|Hoce-Slivnica]]
[[Category:Municipality o Hoče–Slivnica| ]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Slovenie]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Styrie (Slovenie)|Hoce-Slivnica]]</text>
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    <title>Albesa</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="3293" sha1="cjmtkeqnovxthtpsdpd5ssqri81tp05" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Albesa
| native_name             = 
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| image_skyline           = 
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Bandera d'Albesa.svg
| flag_size               = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Escut d'Albesa.svg
| shield_size             = 
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| pushpin_map             = Spain Catalonia
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Catalonie
| coordinates             = {{coord|41|45|14|N|0|39|42|E|region:ES-CT_type:city|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Catalonie]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[province o Lleida|Lleida]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Noguera (comarca)|Noguera]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Antoni Balasch i Parisi 
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 37.6
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 314
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 1613
| population_as_of        = 2009
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = Albesans
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 25135
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| website                 = {{official|http://www.ccnoguera.cat/albesa/}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Albesa''' is a municipality in the ''[[Comarques o Catalonie|comarca]]'' o [[Noguera (comarca)|Noguera]], in the [[province o Lleida]], [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]].

In 1003 it wis the steid o the battle o Albesa. The economy is maistly based on agricultur (fruit, potato, tomato), takkin advantage o the presence o a [[acequia]].
Sichts include the pairish kirk o St. Mary (18t hunderyear), wi a 14t-hunderyear [[retablo]], an the remains o the auncient castle (conquered bi the Christians in 1098) an o several auncient Roman villas.

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.ccnoguera.cat/albesa/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922215114/http://www.ccnoguera.cat/albesa/ |date=2010-09-22 }} {{ca icon}}
{{commonscat}}

&lt;br&gt;
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Albesa
|N  = [[Algerri]]
|NE = [[Castelló de Farfanya]]
|E  = [[Menàrguens]]
|SE = 
|S  = [[Torrelameu]]
|SW = [[La Portella]]
|W  = [[Alguaire]]
|NW = [[Almenar]]
}}
{{Noguera}}
{{Municipalities in Lleida|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Noguera (comarca)]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Noguera (comarca)]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2597" sha1="gyg3691l631ks4haobojfn1mzhkm897" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Albesa
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]]
| image_flag              = Bandera d'Albesa.svg
| image_shield            = Escut d'Albesa.svg
| pushpin_map             = Spain Catalonia
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Catalonie
| coordinates             = {{coord|41|45|14|N|0|39|42|E|region:ES-CT_type:city|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Catalonie]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[province o Lleida|Lleida]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Noguera (comarca)|Noguera]]
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Antoni Balasch i Parisi 
| area_total_km2          = 37.6
| elevation_m             = 314
| population_total        = 1613
| population_as_of        = 2009
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = Albesans
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 25135
| website                 = {{official|http://www.ccnoguera.cat/albesa/}}
}}

'''Albesa''' is a municipality in the ''[[Comarques o Catalonie|comarca]]'' o [[Noguera (comarca)|Noguera]], in the [[province o Lleida]], [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]].

In 1003 it wis the steid o the battle o Albesa. The economy is maistly based on agricultur (fruit, potato, tomato), takkin advantage o the presence o a [[acequia]].
Sichts include the pairish kirk o St. Mary (18t hunderyear), wi a 14t-hunderyear [[retablo]], an the remains o the auncient castle (conquered bi the Christians in 1098) an o several auncient Roman villas.

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.ccnoguera.cat/albesa/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922215114/http://www.ccnoguera.cat/albesa/ |date=2010-09-22 }} {{ca icon}}
{{commonscat}}

&lt;br&gt;
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Albesa
|N  = [[Algerri]]
|NE = [[Castelló de Farfanya]]
|E  = [[Menàrguens]]
|SE = 
|S  = [[Torrelameu]]
|SW = [[La Portella]]
|W  = [[Alguaire]]
|NW = [[Almenar]]
}}
{{Noguera}}
{{Municipalities in Lleida|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Noguera (comarca)]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Noguera (comarca)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Añana</title>
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    <id>86222</id>
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        <id>27464</id>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtins</comment>
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      <text bytes="1925" sha1="3ra9kxbfpb5yrcrgm1k9ge6zka5pamt" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Añana - DSC 8430.JPG|right|thumb|View o Añana|alt=View o Anana]]

'''Añana''' is baith a valley an [[municipality]] locatit in the province o [[Álava]], in the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], northren [[Spain]], wi the main population nucleus bein the veelage o Salinas de Añana. The toun is renouned for its auld salt flats, which wur shapit at the beginnin in the Triassic period.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The origin of salt|url=http://www.saldeanana.com/en/origen.html|publisher=Fundación Valle Salado de Añana|accessdate=25 October 2012|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081047/http://www.saldeanana.com/en/origen.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ower 5,000 pans hae been biggit syne the [[Auncient Roum|Roman times]], wi exportation o its salt a major business. Nou, the aurie haes focused on [[spa]] tourism tae bring needed income tae the aurie.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Visiting the Salt Valley|url=http://www.vallesalado.com/en/reserva_visita/reserva_visita.html|publisher=Fundación Valle Salado de Añana|accessdate=25 October 2012|archive-date=2013-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623233752/http://www.vallesalado.com/en/reserva_visita/reserva_visita.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&amp;op=7&amp;voz=AÑANA AÑANA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia] {{es icon}}
* [http://www.alavaturismo.com/en/ficha-patrimonio.php?Clave=13 Salinas de Añana and &quot;Salt Valley&quot; Tourism Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214105053/http://www.alavaturismo.com/en/ficha-patrimonio.php?Clave=13 |date=2009-12-14 }}

{{Alava municipalities}}
{{coord|42|48|04|N|2|59|06|W|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anana}}
[[Category:Municipalities in Álava]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Álava]]


{{basque-geo-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anapoima</title>
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        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="4006" sha1="862uguef19xwl1jmwaam86uup3yq94f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Anapoima
|nombre_castellano = 
|nickname = 
|website = [http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co/ http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co]
|image_skyline = 
|image_flag = Flag of Anapoima (Cundinamarca).svg
|image_seal = ESCUDO DE ANAPOIMA.jpg
|image_map = Colombia - Cundinamarca - Anapoima.svg
|map_caption = Localization in [[Cundinamarca]], in [[Colombie]]
|subdivision_type = [[Kintra]]
|subdivision_name = [[Colombie]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Colombie|Departamento]]
|subdivision_type2 = 
|subdivision_name1 = [[Image:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20px]] [[Cundinamarca]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Tequendama Province|Tequendama]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Cesar Augusto Camargo Cardona &lt;ref name=&quot;Mayor&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|title=Mayor of Anapoima Cundinamarca
|url=http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co/nuestraalcaldia.shtml?apc=a1I1--&amp;m=q
|author=
|year=2008
|accessdate=2008-07-22
|archive-date=2012-11-27
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127162132/http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co/nuestraalcaldia.shtml?apc=a1I1--&amp;m=q
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_magnitude = 
|area_total_km2 = 124.2
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 = 
|area_water_percent =
|population_as_of = 2006 census estimate
|population_total = 11337
|population_footnotes   =&lt;sup&gt;   [http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/regiones/cundinamarca/anapoima.pdf]&lt;/sup&gt; 
|population_urban = 4804
|area_urban_km2 = 
|area_rural_km2 = 
|population_metro = 
|population_density_km2 = 
|timezone = COT
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = COT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates   = {{coord|4|33|01|N|74|32|10|W|region:CO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 710  
|footnotes =
}}

'''Anapoima''' ({{IPA-es|anaˈpoima}}) is a [[Colombie]] [[municipality]] in the [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Cundinamarca]] located {{convert|87|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae [[Bogotá]].

==History==
The first inhabitants o the region wur the Anapoymas Indians o the [[Panche]] naition. Atween [[Tocaima]] an [[Tena]] thare existit anerly smaw indigenous hooses. The toun wis foondit on 10 August 1627 bi the Spaingie counsellor Don Lesmes de Espinosa Saravia. Wi the passin o time, follaein Spaingie colonisation, it became the restin place for travellers whose destination wis the sooth o Colombie.

==Geografie==
The toun is locatit in the sooth wast o the [[Cundinamarca]] Depairtment, in the wairm zone o the Tequendama province.

===Toun limits===
Tae the north is locatit the toun o [[La Mesa, Colombie|La Mesa]], tae the sooth the touns o [[Apulo]] an [[Viota]], tae the east the toun [[El Colegio]], an tae the wast the touns o [[Jerusalén, Cundinamarca|Jerusalén]] an [[Quipile]].

===Climate===
The average annual temperatur is {{convert|26|°C|°F|abbr=on}}.

==Hymn==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Fuiste cuna de Poimas y Anapoimas&lt;br /&gt;
Acoges a la inmensa humanidad&lt;br /&gt;
Te conviertes en toda una heredad&lt;br /&gt;
De quien viene a tus puertas a llamar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De la tribu Panche eres su hija&lt;br /&gt;
De los bravos Tolimas eres nieta&lt;br /&gt;
De la raza caribe heredera&lt;br /&gt;
Y de honrosa estirpe ancestral&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manantial de vida amor y paz&lt;br /&gt;
Salud de quien quiera en ti vivir&lt;br /&gt;
Amanecer de luz y de solaz&lt;br /&gt;
Aseguras eterno porvenir&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cuanto quieres a tus hijos&lt;br /&gt;
Y a quien te viene a buscar&lt;br /&gt;
Que amorosa le ofreces cobijo&lt;br /&gt;
Y hasta el alma le llegas a sanar (bis)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ANAPOIMA, ANAPOIMA&lt;br /&gt;
Sol de la eterna juventud &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Author:''' Andrés Iriarte

&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[http://www.cundinamarca.gov.co/cundinamarca/municipios/frm_iniciomunicipio.asp?codigo=3 Population] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527053351/http://www.cundinamarca.gov.co/cundinamarca/municipios/frm_iniciomunicipio.asp?codigo=3 |date=2011-05-27 }} Retrieved on 200-07-22

{{Municipalities cundinamarca depairtment}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Cundinamarca]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Cundinamarca]]</text>
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      <id>921426</id>
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      <text bytes="3746" sha1="8ijsboffe5szpnnotwsl6duj3zyo84o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Anapoima
|website = [http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co/ http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co]
|image_flag = Flag of Anapoima (Cundinamarca).svg
|image_seal = ESCUDO DE ANAPOIMA.jpg
|image_map = Colombia - Cundinamarca - Anapoima.svg
|map_caption = Localization in [[Cundinamarca]], in [[Colombie]]
|subdivision_type = [[Kintra]]
|subdivision_name = [[Colombie]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Colombie|Departamento]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Image:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20px]] [[Cundinamarca]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Tequendama Province|Tequendama]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Cesar Augusto Camargo Cardona &lt;ref name=&quot;Mayor&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|title=Mayor of Anapoima Cundinamarca
|url=http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co/nuestraalcaldia.shtml?apc=a1I1--&amp;m=q
|year=2008
|accessdate=2008-07-22
|archive-date=2012-11-27
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127162132/http://www.anapoima-cundinamarca.gov.co/nuestraalcaldia.shtml?apc=a1I1--&amp;m=q
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_total_km2 = 124.2
|population_as_of = 2006 census estimate
|population_total = 11337
|population_footnotes   =&lt;sup&gt;   [http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/regiones/cundinamarca/anapoima.pdf]&lt;/sup&gt; 
|population_urban = 4804 
|timezone = COT
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = COT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates   = {{coord|4|33|01|N|74|32|10|W|region:CO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 710  
}}

'''Anapoima''' ({{IPA-es|anaˈpoima}}) is a [[Colombie]] [[municipality]] in the [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Cundinamarca]] located {{convert|87|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae [[Bogotá]].

==History==
The first inhabitants o the region wur the Anapoymas Indians o the [[Panche]] naition. Atween [[Tocaima]] an [[Tena]] thare existit anerly smaw indigenous hooses. The toun wis foondit on 10 August 1627 bi the Spaingie counsellor Don Lesmes de Espinosa Saravia. Wi the passin o time, follaein Spaingie colonisation, it became the restin place for travellers whose destination wis the sooth o Colombie.

==Geografie==
The toun is locatit in the sooth wast o the [[Cundinamarca]] Depairtment, in the wairm zone o the Tequendama province.

===Toun limits===
Tae the north is locatit the toun o [[La Mesa, Colombie|La Mesa]], tae the sooth the touns o [[Apulo]] an [[Viota]], tae the east the toun [[El Colegio]], an tae the wast the touns o [[Jerusalén, Cundinamarca|Jerusalén]] an [[Quipile]].

===Climate===
The average annual temperatur is {{convert|26|°C|°F|abbr=on}}.

==Hymn==
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Fuiste cuna de Poimas y Anapoimas&lt;br /&gt;
Acoges a la inmensa humanidad&lt;br /&gt;
Te conviertes en toda una heredad&lt;br /&gt;
De quien viene a tus puertas a llamar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De la tribu Panche eres su hija&lt;br /&gt;
De los bravos Tolimas eres nieta&lt;br /&gt;
De la raza caribe heredera&lt;br /&gt;
Y de honrosa estirpe ancestral&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manantial de vida amor y paz&lt;br /&gt;
Salud de quien quiera en ti vivir&lt;br /&gt;
Amanecer de luz y de solaz&lt;br /&gt;
Aseguras eterno porvenir&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cuanto quieres a tus hijos&lt;br /&gt;
Y a quien te viene a buscar&lt;br /&gt;
Que amorosa le ofreces cobijo&lt;br /&gt;
Y hasta el alma le llegas a sanar (bis)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ANAPOIMA, ANAPOIMA&lt;br /&gt;
Sol de la eterna juventud &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Author:''' Andrés Iriarte

&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[http://www.cundinamarca.gov.co/cundinamarca/municipios/frm_iniciomunicipio.asp?codigo=3 Population] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527053351/http://www.cundinamarca.gov.co/cundinamarca/municipios/frm_iniciomunicipio.asp?codigo=3 |date=2011-05-27 }} Retrieved on 200-07-22

{{Municipalities cundinamarca depairtment}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Cundinamarca]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Cundinamarca]]</text>
      <sha1>8ijsboffe5szpnnotwsl6duj3zyo84o</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Villabona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>86796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921635</id>
      <parentid>822325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:08:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <text bytes="2525" sha1="szw9frjp94kv6qikv3ctv2gfu0rhxix" xml:space="preserve">{{for|the Spaingie fitbawer|David Villabona}}
'''Villabona''' is a veelage o over 5500 inhabitants in the ''[[comarca]]'' o [[Tolosaldea]], [[Gipuzkoa]] province, [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], Spain. It haes a urban aurie, close tae the [[Oria River]], an a landwart aurie, Amasa, around which the veelage oreeginally shapit. Villabona is locatit in the Oria Valley, in the fuithills o Munt Gazume an Munt Uzturre. It is aboot {{convert|20|km}} frae the provincial caipital, [[San Sebastián]].

The veelage oreeginally grew aroond the Amasa Quairter, in Villabona's heichest aurie. In 1619, baith dounsets set up a jynt toun cooncil.
The Pairish Kirk o San Martín de Tours staunds in Amasa. This kirk, biggit atween the 16t an 18t hunderyears, haes a interestin heich altarpiece. Close bi is the Hermitage o Santa Cruz, the first pairish o the aurie.

Thare are a great nummer o agrotourism lodgins afferin endless activities. The main tourist appeal is in its landwart an muntain settin. Thare are twa competeetions o rebote, celebratit in Julie an September. Rebote is a style o the Basque sport [[Basque pelota|pelota]] that is anerly played in Villabona an Zubieta. Durin the San Martín Festivities in November, Amasa celebrates the tradeetional Oilasko Jokua. Boys, wi their ees covered, muive forwaird tae the soond o a muisic that trees tae mislead thaim. They hae tae find a chicken, hit it wi a sickle, an cut its heid aff.

Atween 2003 an 2007 the Mayor o the toun wis [[Bakartxo Tejeria]] who went on tae be Preses o the Basque Pairlament in 2012.&lt;ref name=corrio&gt;{{cite news|title=Bakartxo Tejeria, discreet and character|accessdate=3 April 2014|url=http://www.elcorreo.com/vizcaya/20121120/mas-actualidad/politica/discreta-carcter-201211191325.html|newspaper=elcorrio.com|date=19 Nov 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.gipuzkoa.net/villabona Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310193320/http://www.gipuzkoa.net/villabona/ |date=2007-03-10 }} Information available in Spaingie an [[Basque leid|Basque]].
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&amp;op=7&amp;voz=VILLABONA VILLABONA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] Information available in Spaingie

{{Municipalities in Gipuzkoa}}

{{coord|43|11|17|N|2|3|9|W|source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Municipalities in Gipuzkoa]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Gipuzkoa]]


{{Basque-geo-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2177" sha1="f3e6aqe7q1awjmgk7y5expkgvlqmen5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Charlie Hebdo|*]] 
[[Category:1960 establishments in Fraunce]]
[[Category:French-leid magazines]]
[[Category:French satirical magazines]]
[[Category:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartuins controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2166" sha1="rdtr7xys4ou49o1jijs0p7dxsl3ydc0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Charlie Hebdo|*]] 
[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid magazines]]
[[Category:French satirical magazines]]
[[Category:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartuins controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2136" sha1="c210j5bo09a0ybbq1p3zvio2j98i1go" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid magazines]]
[[Category:French satirical magazines]]
[[Category:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartuins controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2133" sha1="s5bvvsczszih1lkr1dcdmu7sb53otlh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:French satirical magazines]]
[[Category:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartuins controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
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      <parentid>921659</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:09:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:French satirical magazines]]; added [[Category:Satire]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921660</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2113" sha1="kn0xfvzzczmr379l2zd5pzjahhbdiog" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartuins controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
      <sha1>kn0xfvzzczmr379l2zd5pzjahhbdiog</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921661</id>
      <parentid>921660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartuins controversy]]; added [[Category:Controversy]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921661</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2079" sha1="2ny1lg0k8usolqyz786pqjdugcjz5b6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
      <sha1>2ny1lg0k8usolqyz786pqjdugcjz5b6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921662</id>
      <parentid>921661</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:09:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Magazines established in 1960]]; added [[Category:Magazines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921662</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2059" sha1="5r6izzxgcvzg4gmetgz3owq85coukp1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Media in Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
      <sha1>5r6izzxgcvzg4gmetgz3owq85coukp1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921663</id>
      <parentid>921662</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:10:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Media in Paris]]; added [[Category:Paris]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="m0d2pbd54i5ukfs52mgjb8g9pl7saab" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
      <sha1>m0d2pbd54i5ukfs52mgjb8g9pl7saab</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921664</id>
      <parentid>921663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:10:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Weekly magazines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2020" sha1="rmszxjbs68x18j78l70vigpwfkfb08s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]</text>
      <sha1>rmszxjbs68x18j78l70vigpwfkfb08s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921665</id>
      <parentid>921664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Muhammad]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2042" sha1="kz4f4liz5u364oh06evubj7ecnnr25s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]</text>
      <sha1>kz4f4liz5u364oh06evubj7ecnnr25s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921666</id>
      <parentid>921665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:11:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Fraunce]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2084" sha1="lirye2snvpvjkimelpfw8b7cn30o4o7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Fraunce]]</text>
      <sha1>lirye2snvpvjkimelpfw8b7cn30o4o7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921667</id>
      <parentid>921666</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:11:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Cartoons]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921667</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2106" sha1="4jfr3k1hgu29wgoipcutxl2zmfxcxj2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the [[Charlie Hebdo shuitin|shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015]], in which, during the weekly editorial buird meetin, suspectit [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorists]] fired upon an killed several collaborators as well as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Cartoons]]</text>
      <sha1>4jfr3k1hgu29wgoipcutxl2zmfxcxj2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921668</id>
      <parentid>921667</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:13:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redd up Scots, remuive rid links, nae jist suspeckit ony mair</comment>
      <origin>921668</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2046" sha1="3kr8uitaskcg7uv145hpi4omzt788gm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|owners = 
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|editor = 
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015, in whilk, durin the weekly editorial buird meetin, Islamic terrorists fired upon an killt several collaborators as weel as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Cartoons]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2024" sha1="mqpg31au7wjxph905ortlangkooxlfm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Charlie Hebdo
|image = [[File:Charlie Hebdo logo.svg|250px|border]]
|caption = Logo o the weekly ''Charlie Hebdo''
|type = Weekly [[satire|satirical]] &lt;br /&gt; news [[magazine]]
|format = [[Magazine]]
|foundation = 1970&lt;ref name = &quot;McNab 2006 26&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|McNab|2006|p=26}}: &quot;Georges Bernier, the real name of 'Professor Choron', [... was] cofounder and director of the satirical magazine ''Hara Kiri'', whose title was changed (to circumvent a ban, it seems!) to ''Charlie Hebdo'' in 1970.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|ceased publication = 1981
|relaunched = 1992
|political = [[Left-wing]]
|headquarters = Paris, Fraunce
|website = [http://www.charliehebdo.fr/ charliehebdo.fr]
|circulation = 45,000
|ISSN = 1240-0068
}}
'''''Charlie Hebdo''''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁli ɛbdo}}; French for '''Weekly Charlie''') is a French [[satirical]] weekly newspaper, featurin cartuins, reports, polemics, an jokes.

The magazine haes been the victim o twa terrorist attacks: a firebombin in 2011, an the shuitin massacre on 7 January 2015, in whilk, durin the weekly editorial buird meetin, Islamic terrorists fired upon an killt several collaborators as weel as veesitors an twa polis officers at the newspaper's Paris office.&lt;ref name = &quot;BBC report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Deadly attack on office of French magazine Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30710777|publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last =Bremner
 | first =Charles
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | title =Islamists kill 12 in attack on French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo
 | work =[[The Times]]
 | publisher =
 | date =7 January 2015
 | url =http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4316408.ece
 | format =
 | doi =
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1960 establishments]]
[[Category:French-leid cultur]]
[[Category:Satire]]
[[Category:Controversy]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Paris]]
[[Category:2015 in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Cartoons]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barrie Ingham</title>
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      <text bytes="2192" sha1="6qks5bg1pofuoyu0kw1vla8ads1z9uo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name                  = Barrie Ingham
| image                 = 8409Barrie.jpg
| imagesize             =
| caption               = Ingham in March, 2011
| birth_name            =
| birth_date            = {{birth date|1932|2|10|df=y}}
| birth_place           = [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], [[West Riding of Yorkshire]], [[England]], UK
| death_date            = {{death date and age|2015|1|23|1932|2|10|df=y}}
| death_place           = [[Palm Beach Gardens, Florida]], [[U.S.]]
| nationality           = UK
| othername             = Barry Ingham
| education             = [[Heath Grammar School]]
| occupation            = Actor, entertainer
| years_active          = 1960–2005
| spouse                = Tarne Ingham (m. 1957–2015; his death)
}}
'''Barrie Ingham''' (10 Februar 1932 - 23 Januar 2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Plays and Players|volume=5-6|year=1957|publisher=Hansom Books|location=London|issn=0032-1559|oclc=2243805}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis an [[Inglis fowk|Inglis]] [[actor]]. He wis kent for his role as Alydon in ''[[Dr. Who and the Daleks]]'' an as the vyce of Basil Bartholomew in the [[Disney]] animatit movie ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]''. Ingham wis born in [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], [[West Riding of Yorkshire]] [[England]].

Ingham de'ed, twa weeks afore his 83rd birthday, in [[Palm Beach Gardens, Florida]], agit 82.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS|title=Barrie Ingham, actor and voice of ‘Great Mouse Detective’, dead|publisher=Palm Beach Post.com|accessdate=24 January 2015|archive-date=2015-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808095903/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/events/performing-arts/barrie-ingham-actor-and-voice-of-great-mouse-detec/njwfS/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Ither wabsteids==
* {{IMDb name|0408813}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingham, Barrie}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2015 daiths]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Inglis male film actors]]
[[Category:Inglis male stage actors]]
[[Category:Inglis male televeesion actors]]


{{actor-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Subway (restaurant)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>921501</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:16:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:American sandwiches]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921501</origin>
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{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Subway (restaurant)| ]]
[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Companies based in Fairfield Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Australie]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Canadae]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:17:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Companies based in Fairfield Coonty, Connecticut]]; added [[Category:Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Subway (restaurant)| ]]
[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Australie]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Canadae]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921504</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:17:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Subway (restaurant)]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Australie]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Canadae]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921505</id>
      <parentid>921504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Australie]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Canadae]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>o318nvyj51skupsnt0jqvd555c6r4yr</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921507</id>
      <parentid>921505</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o Canadae]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>ca3bkc3rzvv0d35mbw2ke1itecgu50c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921508</id>
      <parentid>921507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:18:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Privately held companies based in Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2479" sha1="l05v9ms719i5qmomeqh8mk3hosdni56" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>l05v9ms719i5qmomeqh8mk3hosdni56</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921509</id>
      <parentid>921508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:18:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit Kinrick]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2428" sha1="9qon3hyyixbx1xzm084yfxi5le68nip" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>9qon3hyyixbx1xzm084yfxi5le68nip</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921510</id>
      <parentid>921509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:19:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Fast-fuid cheens o the Unitit States]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2378" sha1="4wa6gj7uvg54yvbhg9s1d3ln9thywdj" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>4wa6gj7uvg54yvbhg9s1d3ln9thywdj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921511</id>
      <parentid>921510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:19:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Companies based in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2316" sha1="tfmltfplukk63dwzy5m4n1j7cfl5ax9" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Multinational fuid companies]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>tfmltfplukk63dwzy5m4n1j7cfl5ax9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921513</id>
      <parentid>921511</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:19:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Multinational fuid companies]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2274" sha1="mhk7v6q0128li8dsfen6ogd0hy5c8ee" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>mhk7v6q0128li8dsfen6ogd0hy5c8ee</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921514</id>
      <parentid>921513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:20:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Restaurant chains in the Unitit States]]; added [[Category:Restaurants]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921514</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2247" sha1="mw1dpca4j7vd3u3lvdnryvp81w7vl4i" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants]]
[[Category:Restaurant franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>mw1dpca4j7vd3u3lvdnryvp81w7vl4i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921516</id>
      <parentid>921514</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:20:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Restaurant franchises]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2212" sha1="986997pmwig4f2off5wzlew77tva4hg" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>986997pmwig4f2off5wzlew77tva4hg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921517</id>
      <parentid>921516</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:20:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Submarine sandwich restaurants]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921517</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2168" sha1="gorbi4rq1r0792vqp1h61jt8hmj5tp8" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>gorbi4rq1r0792vqp1h61jt8hmj5tp8</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921523</id>
      <parentid>921517</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:23:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Restaurants in Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2128" sha1="kmg21ov29rs3i32x1bkv8pjwmiq0gcu" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>kmg21ov29rs3i32x1bkv8pjwmiq0gcu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921525</id>
      <parentid>921523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:24:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Restaurants established in 1965]]; added [[Category:1965 establishments]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2116" sha1="h6fiuffyjokcthbj7bse4jyt3x9v87s" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = [[Privately held company]]
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = [[Fred DeLuca]] an [[Peter Buck (restaurateur)|Peter Buck]]
| spokesman      = [[Jared Fogle]]
| location       = [[Milford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = [[Fred DeLuca]] (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = [[Restaurants]]
| genre          = [[Fast food]]
| products       = [[Submarine sandwich]]es&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie [[fast fuid restaurant]] [[franchisin|franchise]] that primarily sells [[submarine piece]]s (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants]]
[[Category:1965 establishments]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>h6fiuffyjokcthbj7bse4jyt3x9v87s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921533</id>
      <parentid>921525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:26:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive reid links</comment>
      <origin>921533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2035" sha1="rbigt7y31pywxifzozuoncwi06pvmze" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}
{{Infobox company
| logo           = [[File:Subway 2016 logo.svg|235px]]
| name           = Subway
| type           = Privately held company
| caption        = Company logo sign  2002
| owner          = Doctor's Associates Inc.
| slogan         = Eat Fresh
| foundation     = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], U.S. (August 28, 1965)
| founder        = Fred DeLuca an Peter Buck
| spokesman      = Jared Fogle
| location       = Milford, [[Connecticut]], U.S.
| key_people     = Fred DeLuca (CEO)&lt;br /&gt;Suzanne Greco (Preses)&lt;br /&gt;Don Fertman (CDO)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Don Fertman|url=http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|access-date=2015-08-17|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182136/http://www.newhaven.edu/alumni/spotlight/181333/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=246718 |title=Company Overview of Doctor's Associates Inc.|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |accessdate=July 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry       = Restaurants
| genre          = Fast food
| products       = Submarine [[piece]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Salad]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Pizzas]] (some locations)
| revenue        =
| profit         =
| income         =
| num_employees  =
| homepage       = {{URL|subway.com}}
| locations      = 44,105 restaurants in 110 kintras&lt;ref name=&quot;SubwayLocations&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | title=Explore Our World | publisher=Subway.com | accessdate=June 18, 2015 | archive-date=2015-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042241/http://www.subway.com/subwayroot/exploreourworld.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Subway''' (stylised as '''SUBWAY''') is an Americie fast fuid restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine pieces (subs) an [[salad]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American buists]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Fast-fuid franchises]]
[[Category:Restaurants]]
[[Category:1965 establishments]]
[[Category:American sandwiches]]</text>
      <sha1>rbigt7y31pywxifzozuoncwi06pvmze</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Doctor Who</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>131660</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921613</id>
      <parentid>910078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:59:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:2005 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7505" sha1="p1gpgzl0p7tnjmrlf9bbn4erlxysx1v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1989 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:BBC Cymru Wales televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:First-run syndicatit televeesion programmes in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series revived efter cancellation]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>p1gpgzl0p7tnjmrlf9bbn4erlxysx1v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921614</id>
      <parentid>921613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:1963 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]; added [[Category:1963 establishments]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7482" sha1="90w62pzh3aahfwqpdugbu23dumhyals" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 establishments]]
[[Category:1989 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:BBC Cymru Wales televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:First-run syndicatit televeesion programmes in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series revived efter cancellation]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>90w62pzh3aahfwqpdugbu23dumhyals</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921615</id>
      <parentid>921614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:00:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:1989 Breetish televeesion programme endins]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7426" sha1="dob2xhevauag83tqa7k1l9mwxemf3uk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 establishments]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:BBC Cymru Wales televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:First-run syndicatit televeesion programmes in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series revived efter cancellation]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>dob2xhevauag83tqa7k1l9mwxemf3uk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921616</id>
      <parentid>921615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:00:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:First-run syndicatit televeesion programmes in the Unitit States]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921616</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7348" sha1="dlda3jtl6t8cr4yo788x3f4ueckuf6l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 establishments]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:BBC Cymru Wales televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series revived efter cancellation]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>dlda3jtl6t8cr4yo788x3f4ueckuf6l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921617</id>
      <parentid>921616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:00:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Televeesion series revived efter cancellation]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7289" sha1="co0nrfrwl6p324awp82pjtol1zxnh93" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 establishments]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:BBC Cymru Wales televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>co0nrfrwl6p324awp82pjtol1zxnh93</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921618</id>
      <parentid>921617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T19:01:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:BBC Cymru Wales televeesion programmes]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7237" sha1="330xa9i48f1ckdbuvw9g8k7r6lvnb0u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 establishments]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>330xa9i48f1ckdbuvw9g8k7r6lvnb0u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921751</id>
      <parentid>921618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:54:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="7238" sha1="qdrfjw9kjp1trin8lqne1vyofsznkfa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion
| show_name            = Doctor Who
| image                = Doctor Who - Current Titlecard.png
| image_size           = 250px
| caption              = ''Doctor Who'' títle card frae 2014 tae 2017
| genre                = [[Science fiction]]&lt;br&gt;[[Adventur fiction|Adventur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| picture_format       = {{unbulleted list|[[405-line televísion sýstem|405-line]] [[Black-an-white]] (1963–67)|[[576i|625-line]] Black-an-white (1968–69)|625-line [[PAL]] (1970–89)|[[480i|525-line]] [[NTSC]] (1996)|[[576i]] [[Aspect ratio (image)|16:9]] [[Deegital televeesion|DTV]] (2005–08)|[[1080i]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Single/multiple-camera hybrid]]
| runtime              = '''Regular episodes:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{unbulleted list|25 meenite (1963–84, 1986–89)|45 meenite (1985, 2005 onwarts)}}'''Specials:'''&lt;br /&gt;Various: 50–90 meenite
| country              = Unitit Kinrick
| network              = {{unbulleted list|[[BBC One]] (1963 onwarts)|[[BBC One HD]] (2010 onwarts)|[[BBC HD]] (2007 onwarts)}}
| on_demand            = [[BBC iPlayer]], [[Virgin Media]], S4/Clic
| first_aired          = '''Clessic series:'''&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date|df=yes|1963|11|23}}
| last_aired           = &lt;br /&gt;6 December 1989&lt;br /&gt;'''Televeesion film:'''&lt;br /&gt;12 May 1996&lt;br /&gt;'''Revived series:'''&lt;br /&gt;26 Mairch 2005&amp;nbsp; onwarts
| creator              = {{unbulleted list|[[Sydney Newman]]|[[C. E. Webber]]|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]}}
| executive_producer   = [[Leet o Doctor Who producers#Executive producer credits|Various]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Chris Chibnall]] an [[Matt Strevens]]
| writer               = [[Leet o Doctor Who writers|Various]]
| director             = [[Leet o Doctor Who directors|Various]]
| audio_format         = {{unbulleted list|[[Mono soond|Mono]] (1963–87)|[[Stereophonic soond|Stereo]] (1988–2008)|[[5.1 Surround Sound]] (2009 onwarts)}}
| starring             = '''[[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Jodie Whittaker]])&lt;br /&gt;'''[[Companion (Doctor Who)|Various companions]]'''&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mandip Gill]], and [[Tosin Cole]])
| num_seasons          = 26 (1963–89)&lt;br&gt;+ 1 TV film (1996)
| num_series           = 11 (2005 onwarts)
| num_stories          = {{DW episode coont|story}}
| num_episodes         = {{DW episode coont}} ([[Doctor Who missin episodes|97 missin]])
| list_episodes        = Leet o Doctor Who serials
| theme_music_composer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ron Grainer]]}}
| opentheme            = [[Doctor Who theme muisic|''Doctor Who'' theme muisic]]
| composer             = [[Leet o Doctor Who componers|Various componers]]&lt;br /&gt;(frae 2018, [[Segun Akinola]])
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/
| website_title        = ''Doctor Who'' at the BBC
| rss                  = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/rss.xml
| related              = {{unbulleted list|''[[K-9 and Company]]'' (1981)|''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006–11)|''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' (2007–11)|''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' (2009–10)|''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'' (2005–11)|''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006–07)|''[[Doctor Who Extra]]'' (2014 onwarts)'' [[Class]]'' (2016)}}
}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' (in [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Doctor Wha'') is a Breetish [[science fiction]] programme on the [[telly]], producit bi the [[BBC]] frae 1963 tae the day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=1975-09-29|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056751/|type=Adventure, Drama, Family|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Doctor Who|date=2006-03-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0436992/|type=Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi|publisher=BBC Studios, BBC Wales, Bad Wolf|access-date=2022-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The programme depicts the adventurs o the Doctor, a ''Time Lord'' (in Scots: ''Time Laird'')—a space an time-traivellin human-like [[alien]] bodie. Thay explore throu the universe in thair TARDIS, a sentient time-traivellin space ship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TARDIS was nearly erased from Doctor Who for something ‘new and different’|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/tardis-erased-from-doctor-who-exclusive-newsupdate/|access-date=2022-11-15|website=Radio Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==TARDIS==
[[File:Tardis Tour Wales 2013 (9).JPG|thumb|Tardis Tour Wales 2013 at Queens Square, [[Wrexham]]|left]]

The TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space | in Scots: ''Time an Relative Dimensions in Space'') is the [[polis box]] uised bi the Doctor tae traivel throu time an space. It is weel kent fur bein mair muckle ben nor ootwi the device.

The TARDIS haes turnt intae a weel-kent symbol fur ''Doctor Who'' an is nou synonymous wi the programme, tae the pynt thit it haes been uised fur its logo a guid twa three times.

==The Doctor==
The main chairacter o the series is a Time Lord cried The Doctor. The role haes been pleyed bi fowerteen actors in the lead role, wi sindry ither fowks pleyin the role unner certain circumstances

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Series lead !! Incarnation !! Tenure{{efn|The years cover the actor's tenure as the lead chairacter anely.}}
|-
| [[William Hartnell]] || [[First Doctor]] || 1963–1966
|-
| [[Patrick Troughton]] || [[Second Doctor]] || 1966–1969
|-
| [[Jon Pertwee]] || [[Third Doctor]] || 1970–1974
|-
| [[Tom Baker]] || [[Fourth Doctor]] || 1974–1981
|-
| [[Peter Davison]] || [[Fifth Doctor]] || 1982–1984
|-
| [[Colin Baker]] || [[Sixth Doctor]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Sylvester McCoy]] || [[Seventh Doctor]] || 1987–1989
|-
| [[Paul McGann]] || [[Eighth Doctor]] || 1996
|-&lt;!-- Please dinna eik add John Hurt here --&gt;
| [[Christopher Eccleston]] || [[Ninth Doctor]] || 2005
|-
| [[David Tennant]] || [[Tenth Doctor]] || 2005–2010
|-
| [[Matt Smith]] || [[Eleventh Doctor]] || 2010–2013
|-
| [[Peter Capaldi]] || [[Twelfth Doctor]] || 2014–2017
|-
| [[Jodie Whittaker]] || [[Thirteenth Doctor]] || 2018–2022
|-
| David Tennant || [[Fourteenth Doctor]] || 2023
|-
| [[Ncuti Gatwa]] || [[Fifteenth Doctor]] || 2023–2025 
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OswOzi7nn0c ''Doctor Wha'' - a Scots poem fur National Poetry Day], frae the [[Naitional Leebrary o Scotland|National Library o Scotland]]

{{stub/TV}}
[[Category:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Category:1960s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1970s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:1963 establishments]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]]
[[Category:Breetish science feection televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC Televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Space adventur televeesion series]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the futur]]
[[Category:Time traivel televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Parallel universes in feection]]</text>
      <sha1>qdrfjw9kjp1trin8lqne1vyofsznkfa</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>La Brigue</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>138948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921598</id>
      <parentid>635636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:53:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2549" sha1="s345cqeysfpqbz9n5i87ztrh6m2a9im" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox French commune
|name               = La Brigue
|image              = Rio sec.jpg
|caption            = A view o the dry riverbed o the Rio Sec in La Brigue
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr La Brigue (Alpes-Maritimes).svg
|arrondissement     = Nice
|canton             = Tende
|INSEE              = 06162
|postal code        = 06430
|demonym            = Brigasques
|mayor              = Bernard Gastaud
|term               = 2008&amp;ndash;2014
|intercommunality   =
|coordinates        = {{coord|44.0631|7.6169|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 812
|elevation min m    = 559
|elevation max m    = 2650
|area km2           = 91.77
|population         = 633
|population date    = 2008
}}

'''La Brigue''' ({{lang-it|Briga Marittima}}) is a [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]] in the [[Alpes-Maritimes]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in sootheastren [[Fraunce]].

La Brigue became pairt o Fraunce efter [[World War II]], when [[Italy]] wis forcit tae haund it ower in September 1947 under the terms o the 1947 Peace o Paris. Before the haund ower, it wis pairt o the [[Province o Cuneo]]. The transfer, which wis no unopponit in the veelage, wis retrospectively endorsit bi a local plebiscite which teuk place on 12 October 1947 an wis subject tae internaitional superveesion.

==Sichts==
The Shrine o Oor Lady o the Foontains is the hame tae a huge 15t-century pentin (cycle o passion) bi the penter Giovanni Piemontese Canavesio, an is a major tourist destination.

== Tourism ==
The veelage is situatit alang the lang distance hikin trail GR52A.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.footpathsoftheworld.com/gr-52a/&lt;/ref&gt; Anither attraction for [[muntain sports]] enthusiasts is a nearbi [[via ferrata]] o middlin difficulty (C/D)&lt;ref&gt;German Via-Ferrata Database: http://www.klettersteig.de/klettersteig/via_ferrata_de_la_ciappea/1013&lt;/ref&gt; which ascends aboot 250 metres abuin the veelage.&lt;ref&gt;Via Ferrata of La Brigue: http://www.labrigue.fr/index.php?id=4563&lt;/ref&gt;

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|align=left
|1962|477
|1968|582
|1975|493
|1982|495
|1990|618
|1999|595
|2008|633
}}
{{clear-left}}

==Twin touns — Sister ceeties==
La Brigue is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi:

* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Triora]], Italy (2006)

==See an aw==
*[[Communes o the Alpes-Maritimes depairtment]]

==References==
*[http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp INSEE]
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Alpes-Maritimes communes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brigue}}
[[Category:Communes o Alpes-Maritimes]]
[[Category:Fraunce–Italy border crossins]]</text>
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      <id>921743</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-21T01:46:24Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2527" sha1="tfng3vls9da3teobbmro2malaxd7ol4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox French commune
|name               = La Brigue
|image              = Rio sec.jpg
|caption            = A view o the dry riverbed o the Rio Sec in La Brigue
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr La Brigue (Alpes-Maritimes).svg
|arrondissement     = Nice
|canton             = Tende
|INSEE              = 06162
|postal code        = 06430
|demonym            = Brigasques
|mayor              = Bernard Gastaud
|term               = 2008&amp;ndash;2014
|coordinates        = {{coord|44.0631|7.6169|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 812
|elevation min m    = 559
|elevation max m    = 2650
|area km2           = 91.77
|population         = 633
|population date    = 2008
}}

'''La Brigue''' ({{lang-it|Briga Marittima}}) is a [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]] in the [[Alpes-Maritimes]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in sootheastren [[Fraunce]].

La Brigue became pairt o Fraunce efter [[World War II]], when [[Italy]] wis forcit tae haund it ower in September 1947 under the terms o the 1947 Peace o Paris. Before the haund ower, it wis pairt o the [[Province o Cuneo]]. The transfer, which wis no unopponit in the veelage, wis retrospectively endorsit bi a local plebiscite which teuk place on 12 October 1947 an wis subject tae internaitional superveesion.

==Sichts==
The Shrine o Oor Lady o the Foontains is the hame tae a huge 15t-century pentin (cycle o passion) bi the penter Giovanni Piemontese Canavesio, an is a major tourist destination.

== Tourism ==
The veelage is situatit alang the lang distance hikin trail GR52A.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.footpathsoftheworld.com/gr-52a/&lt;/ref&gt; Anither attraction for [[muntain sports]] enthusiasts is a nearbi [[via ferrata]] o middlin difficulty (C/D)&lt;ref&gt;German Via-Ferrata Database: http://www.klettersteig.de/klettersteig/via_ferrata_de_la_ciappea/1013&lt;/ref&gt; which ascends aboot 250 metres abuin the veelage.&lt;ref&gt;Via Ferrata of La Brigue: http://www.labrigue.fr/index.php?id=4563&lt;/ref&gt;

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|align=left
|1962|477
|1968|582
|1975|493
|1982|495
|1990|618
|1999|595
|2008|633
}}
{{clear-left}}

==Twin touns — Sister ceeties==
La Brigue is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi:

* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Triora]], Italy (2006)

==See an aw==
*[[Communes o the Alpes-Maritimes depairtment]]

==References==
*[http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp INSEE]
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Alpes-Maritimes communes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brigue}}
[[Category:Communes o Alpes-Maritimes]]
[[Category:Fraunce–Italy border crossins]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ronnie Corbett</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>140624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921381</id>
      <parentid>921249</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:02:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>soorce fur CBE an aw</comment>
      <origin>921381</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1937" sha1="0s2eij1hsnlbtw9eympgfvbuwbzxbii" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ronnie-corbett.JPG|thumb|180px|right|Ronnie Corbett]]
'''Ronald Balfour Corbett''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}} (4 December 1930 in [[Edinburgh]] - 31 Mairch 2016 in [[Lunnon]]) wis a Scots comicker, actor an screiver that wirkit afttimes wi Ronnie Barker as The Twa Ronnies (that gaed fae 1971 til 1987).&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt; He starred in sitcoms lik ''Sorry!'' an the BBC Radio 4 sitcom When the Dog Dies.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt; He forby participate i the gem show Small Talk.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt; He wis actor in a feck o films an aw, the James Bond parody Casino Royale amang thaim. Corbett hed theatre roles, includin The Seven Year Itch, Out of Order an The Dressmaker..&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt; His beuks includes Ronnie Corbett's Armchair Golf, The Small Man's Guide To Life an his autobiography High Hopes.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt;

He wis awarded a CBE in the 2012 New Year Honours fur his services tae entertainment an cherrity.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt;

==Bairnheid==
He gaed tae James Gillespie's Boys School an Royal High School in [[Edinburgh]].&lt;ref name=bbc&gt;{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35934024| title = Ronnie Corbett, best known for The Two Ronnie, dies aged 85 |date = 31 March 2016 | access-date = 31 March 2016 | work = BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt; His faither wis a baxter.

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Corbett, Ronnie}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2016 daiths]]
[[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]]
[[Category:Sketch comedians]]
[[Category:Commanders o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:Dishailth-relatit daiths in Ingland]]
[[Category:Male actors frae Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at the Royal High School, Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Ryal Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Scots male comedians]]
[[Category:Scots male film actors]]
[[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Scots fowk o Inglis strynd]]


{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Warsaw Ghetto Uprisin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>141336</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921795</id>
      <parentid>854193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T08:02:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>411</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacin' Flag_of_ZOB_(Jewish_Fighting_Organization).svg wi' [[File:Claimed_flag_of_ZOB_(Jewish_Fighting_Organization),_attribution_in_21st_century.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: no 20th century</comment>
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      <text bytes="3601" sha1="eirpgeletjzm2hsrxym81a960ya0j4s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Warsaw Ghetto Uprisin
| partof = Warld War II an [[the Holocaust]]
| image = [[File:Stroop Report - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 06b.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Photo frae [[Jürgen Stroop]]'s [[Stroop Report|report]] tae [[Heinrich Himmler]] frae Mey 1943 an ane o the best-kent picturs o Warld War II. &lt;br /&gt;The oreeginal German caption reads: &quot;Forcibly pulled oot o dug-oots.&quot;
| date = 19 Aprile 1943 – 16 Mey 1943
| place = [[Warsaw Ghetto]], [[General Govrenment]]
| coordinates = {{coord|52|14|46|N|20|59|45|E|display=inline,title}}
| result = German victory
| combatant1 = {{plainlist | 
* '''{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}'''
* [[Gestapo]], [[Ordnungspolizei|Orpo]], [[Sicherheitsdienst|SD]], [[Waffen-SS]], [[Wehrmacht]]
}}
{{plainlist |
'''[[Collaboration wi the Axis Powers during Warld War II|Collaborators]]'''
* [[Sonderdienst]], [[Jewish Ghetto Police]], [[Blue Polis]]
}}
| combatant2 = {{plainlist |
* '''[[Jewish resistance unner Nazi rule|Jewish resistance]]'''
* {{flagicon image|Claimed flag of ZOB (Jewish Fighting Organization), attribution in 21st century.svg}} [[Jewish Combat Organisation|ŻOB]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of ZZW (Jewish Military Union).svg}} [[Jewish Militar Union|ŻZW]] 
}}
{{plainlist |
* '''[[Pols resistance muivement in Warld War II|Pols resistance]]'''
* {{flagicon image|Flaga PPP.svg}} [[Armia Krajowa|AK]] (Home Airmy)
* {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Gwardia Ludowa|GL]] (Fowk's Guard)
}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist |
* {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Jürgen Stroop]]
* {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg]] (initial)
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist |
* [[Mordechaj Anielewicz]] {{KIA|alt=yes}}
* [[Paweł Frenkiel]]{{KIA|alt=yes}}
}}
| strength1 = Daily average o 2,090 includin 821 Waffen-SS
| strength2 = Aboot 600&lt;ref name=&quot;Guttman 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last = Guttman | first = John | title =  World War II: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | date = March 2000 | journal = World War II Magazine | url = http://www.historynet.com/world-war-ii-warsaw-ghetto-uprising.htm | accessdate = 2 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ŻOB an aboot 400&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Rp.pl |url=http://www.rp.pl/artykul/122686.html |title=Zapomniani żołnierze ŻZW |publisher=rp.pl |date=2008-04-18 |language=pl |accessdate=2012-11-07 |archive-date=2015-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428215807/http://www.rp.pl/artykul/122686.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ŻZW fichters, plus a nummer o Pols fichters
| casualties1 = At least 17 killed, 93 woondit (German figurs)
| casualties2 = About 13,000 killed, 56,885 deportit, maistly ceevilians (German estimate)
| notes = Accordin tae Stroop's unoffeecial accoont, 71,000 fowk in aw war killed or deportit. The 16 killed on the German side dinna include Jewish forced collaborators.
}}
The '''Warsaw Ghetto Uprisin''' ({{lang-yi|אױפֿשטאַנד אין װאַרשעװער געטאָ}}; {{lang-pl|powstanie w getcie warszawskim}}; {{lang-de|Aufstand im Warschauer Ghetto}}) wis the 1943 act o [[History o the Jews in Poland|Jewish resistance]] that arose within the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] in [[Occupation o Poland (1939–1945)|German-occupied Poland]] during [[Warld War II]], an which opponed [[Nazi Germany]]'s final effort tae transport the remainin Ghetto population tae [[Treblinka extermination camp]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Warsaw Ghetto Uprisin| ]]
[[Category:1943]]
[[Category:Jewish history]]
[[Category:Mass murther]]
[[Category:Massacres]]
[[Category:Militar history o Europe]]
[[Category:Warld War II]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:Fowk frae Glesga bi thrift</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>142325</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921439</id>
      <parentid>523711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:46:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Scots fowk bi thrift an ceety]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="79" sha1="c5s889jsboevn4tswa1upzkvhq1g4l0" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga| Thrift]]
[[Category:Scots fowk bi thrift|+Glesga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tapiales</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>144990</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921397</id>
      <parentid>833159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:21:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921397</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3393" sha1="qdt1j9cxwd2obswr5v199tvcp6xfzn5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Tapiales
|image = 
|settlement_type        = Toun
|pushpin_map            = Argentina Greater Buenos Aires
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in [[Greater Buenos Aires]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 240
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{ARG}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Partidos o Buenos Aires|Partido]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[La Matanza Partido]]
|established_date       = 22 Januar 1902
|population_as_of       = {{census-ar|2001}}
|area_total_km2         = 4.8
|population_total       = 15,158
|population_density_km2 = auto
|coordinates            = {{coord|34|42|21|S|58|30|17|W|region:AR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  
|elevation_m            = 30
|postal_code_type       = [[Argentine postal code|CPA Base]]
|postal_code            = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|B]] 1770
|area_code              = +[[Telephone nummers in Argentinae|54]] 011
|website                = [http://www.lamatanza.gov.ar/matanza/localidades_tapiales.php Municipio de La Matanza: Tapiales]
}}

'''Tapiales''' is a toun in [[Argentinae]]. It is locatit in [[La Matanza Partido]] an shapes pairt o [[Greater Buenos Aires]]. Tapiales haed a population o 15,158 at the 2001 census.

Tapiales wis established in 1902 bi Agustín Elía alang the recently inauguratit Buenos Aires Wastren Railwey ({{lang-es|[[Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires]]}}). Elía, who haed purchased the laund frae the estate o the late umwhile Vice Preses, [[Francisco Bernabé Madero]], sauld the property in 1906 tae ''La Franco Argentina'', a prominent Buenos Aires [[real estate]] company. ''Chacra de Los Tapiales'' (&quot;adobe waw ranch&quot;), biggit bi the Altolaguirre faimily in the early 19t century, gave the dounset its name an remains as a toun landmark.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://www.tapiales.com.ar/|title=Historia de Tapiales|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=2017-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629060557/http://www.tapiales.com.ar/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

La Franco Argentina, in turn, sauld the laund in lots tae investors an prospective hameawners, an in 1908, the railwey, in which La Franco Argentina awned a stak, inauguratit a station at the steid, as well as a [[rail yard]]. The toun wis dividit geografically bi the openin o the Riccheri Freeway in 1952, biggit tae connect [[Buenos Aires]] tae the recently inauguratit [[Ministro Pistarini Internaitional Airport]] 8&amp;nbsp;mi (13&amp;nbsp;km) tae the soothwast.

Tapiales grew significantly in the subsequent decade wi the construction frae 1968 tae 1971 o a 900-unit [[cooperative hoosin]] complex bi ''[[El Hogar Obrero]]'', a leadin firm in the Argentine [[cooperative muivement]]. It wis later chosen as the steid for the [[Buenos Aires Central Market]]; the naition's lairgest [[wholesale mercat]], it wis inauguratit in Tapiales in 1984 tae replace the [[Abasto de Buenos Aires]] an is the toun's lairgest employer.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat}}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.facebook.com/Tapiales Tapiales Page an online forum]

{{Greater Buenos Aires}}

[[Category:La Matanza Partido]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Buenos Aires Province]]
[[Category:1902 establishments]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921421</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:38:53Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="3356" sha1="ksdoahoputci6bz09cy5kxfaak3ofz0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Tapiales
|settlement_type        = Toun
|pushpin_map            = Argentina Greater Buenos Aires
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in [[Greater Buenos Aires]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 240
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{ARG}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Partidos o Buenos Aires|Partido]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[La Matanza Partido]]
|established_date       = 22 Januar 1902
|population_as_of       = {{census-ar|2001}}
|area_total_km2         = 4.8
|population_total       = 15,158
|population_density_km2 = auto
|coordinates            = {{coord|34|42|21|S|58|30|17|W|region:AR|display=inline,title}} 
|elevation_m            = 30
|postal_code_type       = [[Argentine postal code|CPA Base]]
|postal_code            = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|B]] 1770
|area_code              = +[[Telephone nummers in Argentinae|54]] 011
|website                = [http://www.lamatanza.gov.ar/matanza/localidades_tapiales.php Municipio de La Matanza: Tapiales]
}}

'''Tapiales''' is a toun in [[Argentinae]]. It is locatit in [[La Matanza Partido]] an shapes pairt o [[Greater Buenos Aires]]. Tapiales haed a population o 15,158 at the 2001 census.

Tapiales wis established in 1902 bi Agustín Elía alang the recently inauguratit Buenos Aires Wastren Railwey ({{lang-es|[[Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires]]}}). Elía, who haed purchased the laund frae the estate o the late umwhile Vice Preses, [[Francisco Bernabé Madero]], sauld the property in 1906 tae ''La Franco Argentina'', a prominent Buenos Aires [[real estate]] company. ''Chacra de Los Tapiales'' (&quot;adobe waw ranch&quot;), biggit bi the Altolaguirre faimily in the early 19t century, gave the dounset its name an remains as a toun landmark.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://www.tapiales.com.ar/|title=Historia de Tapiales|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=2017-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629060557/http://www.tapiales.com.ar/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

La Franco Argentina, in turn, sauld the laund in lots tae investors an prospective hameawners, an in 1908, the railwey, in which La Franco Argentina awned a stak, inauguratit a station at the steid, as well as a [[rail yard]]. The toun wis dividit geografically bi the openin o the Riccheri Freeway in 1952, biggit tae connect [[Buenos Aires]] tae the recently inauguratit [[Ministro Pistarini Internaitional Airport]] 8&amp;nbsp;mi (13&amp;nbsp;km) tae the soothwast.

Tapiales grew significantly in the subsequent decade wi the construction frae 1968 tae 1971 o a 900-unit [[cooperative hoosin]] complex bi ''[[El Hogar Obrero]]'', a leadin firm in the Argentine [[cooperative muivement]]. It wis later chosen as the steid for the [[Buenos Aires Central Market]]; the naition's lairgest [[wholesale mercat]], it wis inauguratit in Tapiales in 1984 tae replace the [[Abasto de Buenos Aires]] an is the toun's lairgest employer.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat}}
*{{es icon}} [http://www.facebook.com/Tapiales Tapiales Page an online forum]

{{Greater Buenos Aires}}

[[Category:La Matanza Partido]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Buenos Aires Province]]
[[Category:1902 establishments]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Republic o Ireland naitional fitba team</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>145174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921642</id>
      <parentid>795568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T21:37:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921642</origin>
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      <text bytes="3731" sha1="getatuh19mgaytx0e17qtrftjab43fj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox national football team
| Badge              = 
| Badge_size         = 200px
| FIFA Trigramme     = IRL
| Name               = Republic o Ireland
| Nickname           = The Boys in Green&lt;br&gt;The Green Army
| Association        = [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI)
| Confederation      = [[UEFA]] (Europe)
| Coach              = [[Mick McCarthy]] 
''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/republic-of-ireland-under-21-managers-announced&lt;/ref&gt;
| Assistant Manager  = ''vacant''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/resigned-martin-oneill-and-roy-keane-leave-jobs-with-republic-of-ireland-37550327.html&lt;/ref&gt;
| Captain            = [[Séamus Coleman]]
| Most caps          = [[Robbie Keane]] (143)
| Top scorer         = [[Robbie Keane]] (67)
| Home Stadium       = [[Aviva Stadium]]
| FIFA Rank          = {{FIFA World Rankings|IRL}}
| FIFA max           = 6
| FIFA max date      = August 1993
| FIFA min           = 70
| FIFA min date      = Juin–Julie 2014
| Elo Rank           = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Ireland}}
| Elo max            = 8
| Elo max date       = Apryle 2002, Juin 2002
| Elo min            = 67
| Elo min date       = May 1972
| pattern_la1        = _ierland16h
| pattern_b1         = _ierland16home
| pattern_ra1        = _ierland16h
| pattern_sh1        = 
| pattern_so1         = _ierland16h
| leftarm1           = 00924A
| body1              = 00924A
| rightarm1          = 00924A
| shorts1            = FFFFFF
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| pattern_so3         = _whitetop
| leftarm3           = FFFFFF
| body3              = 515460
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| shorts3            = 515460
| socks3             = 515460
| First game         = {{flagicon|IRL}} Ireland 1–0 [[Bulgarie naitional fitbaw team|Bulgarie]] {{flagicon|BUL}} &lt;br /&gt;([[Stade Colombes]], Fraunce; 28 Mey 1924)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|IRL}} Republic o Ireland 8–0 [[Maltae naitional fitbaw team|Maltae]] {{flagicon|Malta}} &lt;br/&gt;([[Dublin]], Ireland; 16 November 1983)
| Largest loss       = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] 7–0 Republic o Ireland {{flagicon|IRL}}&lt;br /&gt;([[Uberlândia]], Brazil; 27 Mey 1982)
| World cup apps     = 3
| World cup first    = 1990
| World cup best     = Quairter-Feenals [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]]
| Regional name      = [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championship]]
| Regional cup apps  = 3
| Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]]
| Regional cup best  = Group Stage in [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]], [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]] 
| 2ndRegional name = [[Simmer Olympics]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps = 2
| 2ndRegional cup first = 1924 Summer Olympics
| 2ndRegional cup best = 5t, [[Football at the 1924 Simmer Olympics|1924]]
}}
The '''Republic o Ireland naitional fitbaw team''' ({{lang-ga|Foireann peile náisiúnta Phoblacht na hÉireann}}) represents [[Republic o Ireland|Ireland]] in association [[fitbaw]]. It is govrened bi the [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI) an plays its hame fixturs at the [[Aviva Stadium]] in [[Dublin]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Republic Of Ireland National Football Team}}
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1924]]
[[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams|Ireland, Republic o]]</text>
      <sha1>getatuh19mgaytx0e17qtrftjab43fj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921766</id>
      <parentid>921642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:20:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921766</origin>
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      <text bytes="3730" sha1="66p4bc1i4mgzyp93djew8n78ui0jucq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox naitional fitbaw team
| Badge              = 
| Badge_size         = 200px
| FIFA Trigramme     = IRL
| Name               = Republic o Ireland
| Nickname           = The Boys in Green&lt;br&gt;The Green Army
| Association        = [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI)
| Confederation      = [[UEFA]] (Europe)
| Coach              = [[Mick McCarthy]] 
''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/republic-of-ireland-under-21-managers-announced&lt;/ref&gt;
| Assistant Manager  = ''vacant''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/resigned-martin-oneill-and-roy-keane-leave-jobs-with-republic-of-ireland-37550327.html&lt;/ref&gt;
| Captain            = [[Séamus Coleman]]
| Most caps          = [[Robbie Keane]] (143)
| Top scorer         = [[Robbie Keane]] (67)
| Home Stadium       = [[Aviva Stadium]]
| FIFA Rank          = {{FIFA World Rankings|IRL}}
| FIFA max           = 6
| FIFA max date      = August 1993
| FIFA min           = 70
| FIFA min date      = Juin–Julie 2014
| Elo Rank           = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Ireland}}
| Elo max            = 8
| Elo max date       = Apryle 2002, Juin 2002
| Elo min            = 67
| Elo min date       = May 1972
| pattern_la1        = _ierland16h
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| pattern_so1         = _ierland16h
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| socks1             = 00924A
| pattern_la2        = _ierland16a
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| pattern_ra2        = _ierland16a
| pattern_sh2        = _ierland16a
| pattern_so2         = _ierland16a
| leftarm2           = FFFFFF
| body2              = FFFFFF
| rightarm2          = FFFFFF
| shorts2            = 00924A
| socks2             = FFFFFF
| pattern_la3        = 
| pattern_b3         = _ierland16third
| pattern_ra3        = 
| pattern_sh3        = 
| pattern_so3         = _whitetop
| leftarm3           = FFFFFF
| body3              = 515460
| rightarm3          = FFFFFF
| shorts3            = 515460
| socks3             = 515460
| First game         = {{flagicon|IRL}} Ireland 1–0 [[Bulgarie naitional fitbaw team|Bulgarie]] {{flagicon|BUL}} &lt;br /&gt;([[Stade Colombes]], Fraunce; 28 Mey 1924)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|IRL}} Republic o Ireland 8–0 [[Maltae naitional fitbaw team|Maltae]] {{flagicon|Malta}} &lt;br/&gt;([[Dublin]], Ireland; 16 November 1983)
| Largest loss       = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] 7–0 Republic o Ireland {{flagicon|IRL}}&lt;br /&gt;([[Uberlândia]], Brazil; 27 Mey 1982)
| World cup apps     = 3
| World cup first    = 1990
| World cup best     = Quairter-Feenals [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]]
| Regional name      = [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championship]]
| Regional cup apps  = 3
| Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]]
| Regional cup best  = Group Stage in [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]], [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]] 
| 2ndRegional name = [[Simmer Olympics]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps = 2
| 2ndRegional cup first = 1924 Summer Olympics
| 2ndRegional cup best = 5t, [[Football at the 1924 Simmer Olympics|1924]]
}}
The '''Republic o Ireland naitional fitbaw team''' ({{lang-ga|Foireann peile náisiúnta Phoblacht na hÉireann}}) represents [[Republic o Ireland|Ireland]] in association [[fitbaw]]. It is govrened bi the [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI) an plays its hame fixturs at the [[Aviva Stadium]] in [[Dublin]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Republic Of Ireland National Football Team}}
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1924]]
[[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams|Ireland, Republic o]]</text>
      <sha1>66p4bc1i4mgzyp93djew8n78ui0jucq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921767</id>
      <parentid>921766</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:21:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921767</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3611" sha1="in3ssehcgt2rw9f6p7f71fsgn2xiofa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox naitional fitbaw team 
| Badge_size         = 200px
| FIFA Trigramme     = IRL
| Name               = Republic o Ireland
| Nickname           = The Boys in Green&lt;br&gt;The Green Army
| Association        = [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI)
| Confederation      = [[UEFA]] (Europe)
| Coach              = [[Mick McCarthy]] 
''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/republic-of-ireland-under-21-managers-announced&lt;/ref&gt;
| Assistant Manager  = ''vacant''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/resigned-martin-oneill-and-roy-keane-leave-jobs-with-republic-of-ireland-37550327.html&lt;/ref&gt;
| Captain            = [[Séamus Coleman]]
| Most caps          = [[Robbie Keane]] (143)
| Top scorer         = [[Robbie Keane]] (67)
| Home Stadium       = [[Aviva Stadium]]
| FIFA Rank          = {{FIFA World Rankings|IRL}}
| FIFA max           = 6
| FIFA max date      = August 1993
| FIFA min           = 70
| FIFA min date      = Juin–Julie 2014
| Elo Rank           = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Ireland}}
| Elo max            = 8
| Elo max date       = Apryle 2002, Juin 2002
| Elo min            = 67
| Elo min date       = May 1972
| pattern_la1        = _ierland16h
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| pattern_b3         = _ierland16third
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| leftarm3           = FFFFFF
| body3              = 515460
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| shorts3            = 515460
| socks3             = 515460
| First game         = {{flagicon|IRL}} Ireland 1–0 [[Bulgarie naitional fitbaw team|Bulgarie]] {{flagicon|BUL}} &lt;br /&gt;([[Stade Colombes]], Fraunce; 28 Mey 1924)
| Largest win        = {{flagicon|IRL}} Republic o Ireland 8–0 [[Maltae naitional fitbaw team|Maltae]] {{flagicon|Malta}} &lt;br/&gt;([[Dublin]], Ireland; 16 November 1983)
| Largest loss       = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] 7–0 Republic o Ireland {{flagicon|IRL}}&lt;br /&gt;([[Uberlândia]], Brazil; 27 Mey 1982)
| World cup apps     = 3
| World cup first    = 1990
| World cup best     = Quairter-Feenals [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]]
| Regional name      = [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championship]]
| Regional cup apps  = 3
| Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]]
| Regional cup best  = Group Stage in [[UEFA Euro 2012|2012]], [[UEFA Euro 1988|1988]] 
| 2ndRegional name = [[Simmer Olympics]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps = 2
| 2ndRegional cup first = 1924 Summer Olympics
| 2ndRegional cup best = 5t, [[Football at the 1924 Simmer Olympics|1924]]
}}
The '''Republic o Ireland naitional fitbaw team''' ({{lang-ga|Foireann peile náisiúnta Phoblacht na hÉireann}}) represents [[Republic o Ireland|Ireland]] in association [[fitbaw]]. It is govrened bi the [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI) an plays its hame fixturs at the [[Aviva Stadium]] in [[Dublin]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Republic Of Ireland National Football Team}}
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1924]]
[[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams|Ireland, Republic o]]</text>
      <sha1>in3ssehcgt2rw9f6p7f71fsgn2xiofa</sha1>
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    <title>Category:Bangladeshi Muslims</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>149202</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921581</id>
      <parentid>534878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:48:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Bangladeshi fowk bi releegion]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="82" sha1="flgopdd25uxqtjxwc9b7ca97hb24stj" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons category|Muslims from Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Muslims bi naitionality]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921583</id>
      <parentid>921581</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Bangladeshi fowk]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921583</origin>
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      <text bytes="112" sha1="s9h4sbb8wool2v7pwbmnxsj4bj5rosn" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons category|Muslims from Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Muslims bi naitionality]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi fowk]]</text>
      <sha1>s9h4sbb8wool2v7pwbmnxsj4bj5rosn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nicole Scherzinger</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>167551</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921681</id>
      <parentid>788956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:37:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Nicole Scherzinger]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921681</origin>
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      <text bytes="3212" sha1="3xwd9ryctw9v9kkmk5fmy1bzmgaxrxj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Honolulu]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Native Hawaiian fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>3xwd9ryctw9v9kkmk5fmy1bzmgaxrxj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921682</id>
      <parentid>921681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:37:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921682</origin>
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      <text bytes="3249" sha1="q08rs0gogcu0oqbbb6ducv4mkfsonkp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Honolulu]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Native Hawaiian fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>q08rs0gogcu0oqbbb6ducv4mkfsonkp</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921683</id>
      <parentid>921682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:38:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Native Hawaiian fowk o Filipino strynd]]; added [[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3233" sha1="0213z0yrl3dvw6ez01od43a1exaw0c8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Honolulu]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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      <id>921684</id>
      <parentid>921683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:38:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Actresses frae Louisville, Kentucky]]; added [[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3218" sha1="f6i4b7oqds0fpor7ro4jtch3wbfnmc9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921685</id>
      <parentid>921684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:38:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Actresses frae Honolulu]]; added [[Category:Honolulu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921685</origin>
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      <text bytes="3203" sha1="ljhjf9l22k8nm9eg8nppgj22hr93cq3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921686</id>
      <parentid>921685</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:39:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Record producers frae Kentucky]]; added [[Category:Record producers]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921686</origin>
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      <text bytes="3189" sha1="e7f7ajvm8wv1cqgtxgzz3t11bjy0qx4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921687</id>
      <parentid>921686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:39:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921687</origin>
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      <text bytes="3143" sha1="1300ilc6wm3qhx3o7tfaqozzysmp9vm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921688</id>
      <parentid>921687</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:39:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Synthpop sangsters]]; added [[Category:Synthpop muisickers]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921688</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3144" sha1="cko9rif61zp3og9fckg62d8z6ix8lhk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Popstars contestants]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>cko9rif61zp3og9fckg62d8z6ix8lhk</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921689</id>
      <parentid>921688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:39:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Popstars contestants]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3110" sha1="2mza6f27u687ex400vf4ojlruz38cdb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>2mza6f27u687ex400vf4ojlruz38cdb</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921690</id>
      <parentid>921689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:40:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:The Pussycat Dolls members]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921690</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3070" sha1="lp88omz4bivmk71t05o3bbkthnhve4b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>lp88omz4bivmk71t05o3bbkthnhve4b</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921691</id>
      <parentid>921690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:40:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Record producers frae Californie]]; added [[Category:Californie]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921691</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3048" sha1="gw7lufcqdwz8og5ue284u3d5f9q8308" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>gw7lufcqdwz8og5ue284u3d5f9q8308</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921692</id>
      <parentid>921691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:40:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Record producers frae Hawaii]]; added [[Category:Hawaii]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921692</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3026" sha1="or7ee5c653h4jh8um84yzsl1vjxf3in" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>or7ee5c653h4jh8um84yzsl1vjxf3in</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921693</id>
      <parentid>921692</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:American fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]; added [[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921693</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3017" sha1="3t62932chxcsjugd0nn1yv72bt7c9q7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>3t62932chxcsjugd0nn1yv72bt7c9q7</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921694</id>
      <parentid>921693</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:American models o Filipino strynd]]; added [[Category:American models]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921694</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2999" sha1="py2j6x7ssciq3lyszrf3oxpc59sdq6d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Eden's Crush members]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>py2j6x7ssciq3lyszrf3oxpc59sdq6d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921695</id>
      <parentid>921694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:41:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Eden's Crush members]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921695</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2965" sha1="ol9ojox25fzv6blgzaeiw3f5dd4tob6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921696</id>
      <parentid>921695</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:41:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Televeesion personalities frae Louisville, Kentucky]]; added [[Category:Televeesion personalities]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921696</origin>
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      <text bytes="2939" sha1="q2j3n4ssl39zro8jd6zn2ono2r3196l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>q2j3n4ssl39zro8jd6zn2ono2r3196l</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921697</id>
      <parentid>921696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:41:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Sangwriters frae Kentucky]]; added [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921697</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2941" sha1="pyryeetue3nl6llfithhx5x8gpetwrd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921698</id>
      <parentid>921697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:42:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) winners]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921698</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2880" sha1="eq5omny7yq6xsp9tcbee9a989bd0v51" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921699</id>
      <parentid>921698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:42:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Muisickers frae Louisville, Kentucky]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2830" sha1="95uc745vmvn6s0nbzlj3g39q6tx39p1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921700</id>
      <parentid>921699</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:42:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Wright State Varsity alumni]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2789" sha1="k4jbdxdfjq1a3f71o46f0gpst95s8nr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921701</id>
      <parentid>921700</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:42:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:American fowk o Filipino strynd]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921701</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2744" sha1="dpqpxe3vegrfcwuo5iimfif4kl7feki" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921702</id>
      <parentid>921701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:42:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:American muisickers o Filipino strynd]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921702</origin>
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      <text bytes="2693" sha1="bisc56cly7qijlq1ffp2i8sh1pl82a1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>bisc56cly7qijlq1ffp2i8sh1pl82a1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921703</id>
      <parentid>921702</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:42:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:American expatriates in Ingland]]; added [[Category:Ingland]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2669" sha1="t3pzpcstdj25lo7reudb257oa8otp15" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = [[Wright State Varsity]]
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>t3pzpcstdj25lo7reudb257oa8otp15</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921704</id>
      <parentid>921703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:44:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive reid links</comment>
      <origin>921704</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2665" sha1="6fxkr7st6yl0imv7yzz1y1yqqvxibfb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = Wright State Varsity
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; Juin 29, 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>6fxkr7st6yl0imv7yzz1y1yqqvxibfb</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921787</id>
      <parentid>921704</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:36:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>dmy</comment>
      <origin>921787</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2669" sha1="rj7hjs2lvbf5mye55nspg14kixy3n9i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = Wright State Varsity
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox musical artist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; born 29 Juin 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>rj7hjs2lvbf5mye55nspg14kixy3n9i</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921788</id>
      <parentid>921787</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:36:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2670" sha1="lvomyii37qwbtsrvdceyowghh0th39j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = Wright State Varsity
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox muisical airtist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; born 29 Juin 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921789</id>
      <parentid>921788</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:37:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921789</origin>
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      <text bytes="2669" sha1="j3pfsv3c7pt8az3fpub0p21zem0wc4z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
|name            = Nicole Scherzinger
|image           = Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|caption         = Scherzinger attendin [[will.i.am]]'s album wrap pairty in Hollywood, August 2012
|birth_name      = Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente
|birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1978|6|29}}
|birth_place     = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], U.S.
|residence       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|home_town       = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
|alma_mater      = Wright State Varsity
|occupation      = {{Flat list|
*Sangster
*dancer
*actress
*televeesion personality
*philanthropist
*record producer}}
|years_active    = 1999–present
|module          = {{Infobox muisical airtist
|embed           = yes
|background      = solo_singer
|genre           = {{Flat list|
*[[Contemporar R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
*[[Pop muisic|pop]]
*[[Dance muisic|dance]]
*[[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]]
}}
|instrument      = {{Flat list|
*Vocals
*piano}}
|label           = {{Flat list|
*[[A&amp;M Records|A&amp;M]]
*[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
*[[RCA Records|RCA]]
*[[Epic Records|Epic]]}}
|associated_acts = {{Flat list|
*[[Days of the New]]
*[[Eden's Crush]]
*[[The Pussycat Dolls]]}}
}}
|website         = {{URL|http://nicolescherzinger.com}}
}}
'''Nicole Scherzinger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|i|ˈ|k|oʊ|l|_|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|z|ɪ|ŋ|ər}}; born '''Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente'''; born 29 Juin 1978) is an American sangster, dancer, actress an telly personality.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scherzinger, Nicole}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:A&amp;M Records airtists]]
[[Category:Honolulu]]
[[Category:Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:American dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Ingland]]
[[Category:American fashion designers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American female dancers]]
[[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk o Native Hawaiian strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Fowk o Filipino strynd]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Record producers]]
[[Category:Californie]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Interscope Records airtists]]
[[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]]
[[Category:Synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Televeesion personalities]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Kentucky]]</text>
      <sha1>j3pfsv3c7pt8az3fpub0p21zem0wc4z</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Romani fowk</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>167622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921552</id>
      <parentid>908206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:37:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23883" sha1="s0k40h0848gg46uiwtmkqqjj8q6fj7d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Romani fowk
|image=
|image_caption=
|flag=[[File:Roma flag.svg|200px]]
|flag_caption=Romani banner creautit in 1933 an acceptit bi the 1971 World Romani Congress
|pop=2–20 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmy|format=online|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=M. Paul|year=2009|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=16th|place=Dallas, [[Texas|TX]]|publisher=SIL|quote=Ian Hancock's 1987 estimate for 'all Gypsies in the world' was 6 to 11 million.|accessdate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12977975|work=BBC News|title=EU demands action to tackle Roma poverty|date=5 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Roma|url=http://www.nationalia.info/new/8761/peoples-and-nations-today-the-roma|publisher=Nationalia|accessdate=20 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom|title=Rom|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|quote=... estimates of the total world Romani population range from two million to five million.|accessdate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region1 ={{flagcountry|United States}}
|pop1=1,000,000 estimatit wi Romani heritage &lt;br&gt;(5,400 per [[2000 US census|2000 census]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwPgRtjxKJ8C&amp;pg=PA117&amp;lpg=PA117 |title=The Marginalization of Shadow Minorities (Roma) and Its Impact on Opportunities |page=117 |website=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-27 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ref1=&lt;ref name=&quot;time&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kayla Webley|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|title=Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile|agency=Time|date=13 October 2010|accessdate=3 October 2015|quote=Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million.|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509214231/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region2={{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|pop2=800,000
|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|trans-title=Lack of public policy for Romani is a challenge for the administration|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html|language=Portuguese|title=Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo|publisher=R7|year=2011|accessdate=22 January 2012|quote=The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of &quot;ciganos&quot; (Romanis) in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). The 2010 IBGE Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|pop3=700,000–5,000,000&lt;ref name=immigration&gt;[http://www.osce.org/hcnm/78034?download=true Recent Migration of Roma in Europe, A study by Mr. Claude Cahn and Professor Elspeth Guild], page 87–88 (09.2010 figures)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;/≈2,750,000/
|ref3=&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkey&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi-/yasam/magazindetay/06.06.2008/873452/default.htm|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|trans-title=The number of Kurds in Turkey!|date=6 June 2008|accessdate=2 January 2016|language=Turkish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Türkiye’deki Çingene nüfusu tam bilinmiyor. 2, hatta 5 milyon gibi rakamlar dolaşıyor Çingenelerin arasında|url=http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp|newspaper=Hurriyet|place=[[Turkey|TR]]|language=tr|date=8 May 2005|accessdate=2 January 2016|archive-date=2009-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007144251/http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region4={{flagcountry|Spain}}
|pop4=650,000–1,500,000
|ref4=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Estimated by the Society for Threatened Peoples
[http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405044724/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg |date=2016-04-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|title=The Situation of Roma in Spain|publisher=Open Society Institute|year=2002|quote=The Spanish government estimates the number of ''Gitanos'' at a maximum of 650,000.|format=PDF|accessdate=15 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201172552/http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|archivedate=1 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Diagnostico Social de la Comunidad Gitana en Espana - CIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |title=DiagnÃ³stico social de la comunidad gitana en EspaÃ±a |format=PDF |website=Msc.es |date= |accessdate=2016-07-27 |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010161106/http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region5={{flagcountry|Romania}}
|pop5=621,573–2,000,000&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[2011 Romanian Census|2011 census]] data, based on [http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/ table 7 Population by ethnicity], gives a total of 621,573 Roma in Romania. This figure is disputed by other sources, because at the local level, many Roma declare a different ethnicity (mostly Romanian, but also Hungarian in Transylvania and Turkish in Dobruja). Many are not recorded at all, since they do not have ID cards [http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Romii_din_Romania.pdf]. International sources give higher figures than the official census([http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf [[UNDP]]'s Regional Bureau for Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101141449/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf |date=2013-11-01 }}, [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html World Bank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824055025/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html |date=2006-08-24 }}, [http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf International Association for Official Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226202154/http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf |date=2008-02-26 }}).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|title=Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 – Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune|date=5 July 2013|accessdate=18 December 2013|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)]]|language=Romanian|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|url-status=dead}} However, various organisations claim that there are 2 million Romanis in Romania. See [http://www.gandul.info/stiri/recensamant-2011-doua-treimi-dintre-romi-se-declara-romani-700-000-2-000-000-3-000-000-cati-romi-traiesc-in-romania-8883047]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region6={{flagcountry|France}}
|pop6=350,000–500,000
|ref6=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/security/situation-roma-france-crisis-proportions-report/article-150507 |title=Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions|publisher=EurActiv Network|quote=According to the report, the settled Gypsy population in France is officially estimated at around 500,000, although other estimates say that the actual figure is much closer to 1.2 million.|date=7 December 2005|accessdate=21 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;350000 en France en 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Bernard|last=Gorce|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Roms-gens-du-voyage-deux-realites-differentes-_NG_-2010-07-22-603910|title=Roms, gens du voyage, deux réalités différentes|publisher=[[La Croix]]|date=22 July 2010|accessdate=21 October 2016|quote=&lt;small&gt;[MANUAL TRANS.]&lt;/small&gt; The ban prevents statistics on ethnicity to give a precise figure of French Roma, but we often quote the number 350,000. For travellers, the administration counted 160,000 circulation titles in 2006 issued to people aged 16 to 80 years. Among the travellers, some have chosen to buy a family plot where they dock their caravans around a local section (authorized since the Besson Act of 1990).}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region7={{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|pop7=325,343–800,000
|ref7=&lt;ref name=&quot;NSI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx|script-title=bg:Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група|trans-title=Population by place of residence, age and ethnic group|language=bg|work=Bulgarian National Statistical Institute|accessdate=22 June 2015}} Self declared&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-249_en.htm|title=Roma Integration – 2014 Commission Assessment: Questions and Answers|publisher=European Commission|location=Brussels|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=28 April 2016}} EU and Council of Europe estimates&lt;/ref&gt;
|region8={{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|pop8=315,583–990,000
|ref8=&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_sajto_20130328.pdf Hungarian Central Statistical Office Census Data 2011]. Retrieved 28 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Michael Kimmelman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/arts/design/06roma.html?pagewanted=2&amp;_r=0|title=In Hungary, Roma Get Art Show, Not a Hug|work=The New York Times|date=6 February 2008|accessdate=7 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region9={{flagcountry|Greece}}
|pop9=300,000–350,000
|ref9=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Greece NGO|newspaper=Geek Helsinki Monitor|place=LV|publisher=Minelres|url=http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region10={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop10=90,000–300,000&lt;br&gt;/≈225,000/
|ref10=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution=RME |contribution-url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rme |title=Ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region11={{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop11=182,766–1,200,000
|ref11=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|title=National Composition of Population and Citizenship|quote=Census 2002 in Russia: 182,766 Roma|format=Excel|publisher=Perepis2002|place=RU|accessdate=16 September 2010|archive-date=2011-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204012/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region12={{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|pop12=147,604–500,000&lt;br&gt;/≈250,000/
|ref12=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Stat|place=[[Serbia|RS]]|url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|script-title=rs:Национална Припадност Припаднос|format=PDF|language=sr|trans-title=National origin affiliation|date=29 November 2012|accessdate=2 January 2016|archive-date=2018-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708082957/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cms/upload/file/serbia-country-profile-2011-2012.pdf|title=Serbia- a report by the European Roma Rights Centre|work=ERRC|date=2011–2012|accessdate=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region13={{flagcountry|Italy}}
|pop13=120,000–180,000
|ref13=&lt;ref name=DiGiacomo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|title=Giornata Internazionale dei rom e sinti: presentato il Rapporto Annuale 2014 (PDF)|access-date=2017-04-10|archive-date=2017-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203064522/http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region14={{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop14=120,000–140,000
|ref14=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution-url=http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |publisher=Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung |title=Regionale Dynamik |contribution=Roma in Deutschland |access-date=2017-04-10 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429055947/http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region15={{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
|pop15=105,738–600,000
|ref15=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Statistics|place=[[Slovakia|SK]]|format=PDF|url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715152521/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archivedate=15 July 2007|title=Population and Housing Census. Resident population by nationality}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=SME|place=SK|url=http://romovia.sme.sk/c/6947495/po-deviatich-rokoch-spocitali-romov-na-slovensku-ich-zije-viac-ako-400-tisic.html|title=Po deviatich rokoch spočítali Rómov, na Slovensku ich žije viac ako 400-tisíc|language=Slovak|date=25 September 2013|accessdate=25 September 2013|publisher=SITA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region16={{flagcountry|Macedonia}}
|pop16=53,879
|ref16=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20040621055714/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archivedate= 2004-06-21 |title= The 2002-census reported 53,879 Roma and 3,843 'Egyptians' |publisher=Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office |accessdate= 2010-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region17={{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|pop17=50,000–100,000
|ref17=&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution-url=http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |title=Minoritet |contribution=Sametingen. Information about minorities in Sweden |language=sv |publisher=IMCMS |access-date=2017-04-10 |archive-date=2017-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326075902/http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region18={{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|pop18=47,587–400,000
|ref18=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&amp;box=5.1W&amp;k_t=00&amp;p=100&amp;rz=1_1&amp;rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&amp;n_page=5 |publisher=State statistics committee |place=[[Ukraine|UA]] |title=National composition of population, 2001 census |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region19={{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|pop19=40,370 ([[Romani leid|Romani speakers]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&amp;tu=30718&amp;th=&amp;v=&amp;vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJUwUA4lOtR1sBAAA.&amp;vseuzemi=null&amp;void=|title=Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů|publisher=czso.cz}}&lt;/ref&gt;–300,000
|ref19=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://romove.radio.cz/cz/clanek/18884|quote=Census 2001 in Bulgaria: 370,908 Roma|accessdate=15 September 2010|publisher=romove.radio.cz|place=[[Czech Republic|CZ]]|title=Současná romská komunita v Evropě}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region20={{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|pop20=≈300,000
|ref20=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|author=Hazel Marsh|title=The Roma Gypsies of Colombia|journal=Latino Life|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region21={{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|pop21=40,000–70,000
|ref21=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;minorityrights.org&quot;/&gt;
|region22={{flagcountry|Kosovo}}
|pop22=40,000
|ref22=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQKyAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA142 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region23={{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop23=32,000–48,000
|ref23=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;
|region24={{flagcountry|Poland}}
|pop24=15,000–60,000
|ref24=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/poland/32.htm|title=Poland – Gypsies |work=Country studies |place=[[United States|US]] |accessdate=28 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region25={{flagcountry|Moldova}}
|pop25=12,778–200,000
|ref25=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;2004 census&lt;/ref&gt;
|region26={{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|pop26=16,975–40,000
|ref26=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |title=POPULATION BY ETHNICITY – DETAILED CLASSIFICATION, 2011 CENSUS |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=21 June 2015 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509214543/https://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region27={{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|pop27=8,864–60,000
|ref27=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;1991 census&lt;/ref&gt;
|region28={{flagcountry|Albania}}
|pop28=8,301–150,000 
|ref28=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;minorityrights.org&quot;&gt;[http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf Roma /Gypsies: A European Minority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515231943/https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf |date=2020-05-15 }}, Minority Rights Group International&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|format=XLS|title=Albanian census 2011|publisher=instat.gov.al|accessdate=7 December 2015|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113164207/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region29={{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|pop29=6,000
|region30={{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop30=5,255–80,000
|ref30=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614111814/http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|format=PDF|title=Roma in Canada fact sheet|publisher=home.cogeco.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&amp;LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=1118296&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=0&amp;PID=105396&amp;PRID=0&amp;PTYPE=105277&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2013&amp;THEME=95&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF=&amp;D1=0&amp;D2=0&amp;D3=0&amp;D4=0&amp;D5=0&amp;D6=0 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |author=[[Statistics Canada]] |accessdate=11 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region31={{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop31=11,000–50,000
|region32={{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop32=5,000–25,000
|ref32=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://open.abc.net.au/explore/15645|title=A History of Australian Romanies, now and then|author=Yvonne Slee|series=Now and Then|publisher=Open ABC|place=Australia|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region33={{flagcountry|Mexico}}
|pop33=15,850
|ref33=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/10/gypsies-or-how-to-be-invisible-in-mexico|author=Emilio Godoy|title=Gypsies, or How to Be Invisible in Mexico|date=12 October 2010|publisher=Inter Press Service|accessdate=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region34={{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|pop34=≈8,000
|ref34=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|title=The Roma Gypsies of Colombia|author=Hazel Marsh|publisher=Latino Life|accessdate=30 July 2016|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region35={{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
|pop35=2,300
|ref35=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Slovenia.html|title=Culture of Slovenia|author=unknown|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region36={{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|pop36=&lt;3,000
|ref36=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/society/article/kirtimai-lithuanias-roma-on-education-and-missing-england.html|author=Emmanuel Haddad|title=Kirtimai:Lithuania's Roma on education and 'missing England'|journal=Cafebabel|date=21 March 2012|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=2017-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230204/http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/society/article/kirtimai-lithuanias-roma-on-education-and-missing-england.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|languages=[[Romani leid|Romani]] leid, [[Para-Romani]] varieties, leids o native regions
|religions=O the releegious predominantly [[Christianity]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;&gt;{{Citation |editor-last=Gall |editor-first=Timothy L |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture &amp; Daily Life |volume=4. Europe |place=Cleveland, OH |publisher=Eastword |year=1998 |pages=316, 318 |quote=‘Religion: An underlay of Hinduism with an overlay of either Christianity or Islam (host country religion)’; Roma religious beliefs are rooted in Hinduism. Roma believe in a universal balance, called kuntari... Despite a 1,000-year separation from India, Roma still practice 'shaktism', the worship of a god through his female consort...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Shaktism]] branch of [[Hinduism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;/&gt;
|related-c=[[Dom fowk|Dom]], [[Lom fowk|Lom]], [[Domba]]; ither [[Indo-Aryan fowks|Indo-Aryans]]
}}
{{Cleanup|date=August 2020|reason=Unuisual deealect, likely no Scots.}}
The '''Romani''' (spelt '''Romany''' an aw), or '''Roma''', is a tradeitionally [[nomad]]ic ethnic group, bidin maistly in [[Europe]] an [[Americae|the Americaes]] an originatin frae the [[North Indie|northren]] regions o the [[Indie subcontinent]],{{sfn|Hancock|2002|p= [https://books.google.com/?id=MG0ahVw-kdwC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PR20 xx] |ps =: ‘While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romanian groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European’}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GoldbergBennahum2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=K. Meira Goldberg|author2=Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum|author3=Michelle Heffner Hayes|title=Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AS61CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|accessdate=8 December 2015|year=2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9470-5|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BroughtonEllingham1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Simon Broughton|author2=Mark Ellingham|author3=Richard Trillo|title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&amp;pg=PA147|accessdate=8 December 2015|year=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-635-8|page=147}}&lt;/ref&gt; presumably frae whaur the states [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], an [[Punjab, Indie|Punjab]] exeest the day.&lt;ref name=&quot;GoldbergBennahum2015&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BroughtonEllingham1999&quot;/&gt; Thay, alangside ither wanrelatit ethnic groups in [[Scotland]] an [[Ireland]], is kent as '''Gypsies''' an aw.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Romani Fowk}}
[[Category:Romani| ]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan fowks]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasie]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]</text>
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      <id>921553</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:37:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="23875" sha1="34oufus45bn6dsjzpewygr3pxypgo0u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Romani fowk
|image=
|image_caption=
|flag=[[File:Roma flag.svg|200px]]
|flag_caption=Romani banner creautit in 1933 an acceptit bi the 1971 World Romani Congress
|pop=2–20 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmy|format=online|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=M. Paul|year=2009|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=16th|place=Dallas, [[Texas|TX]]|publisher=SIL|quote=Ian Hancock's 1987 estimate for 'all Gypsies in the world' was 6 to 11 million.|accessdate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12977975|work=BBC News|title=EU demands action to tackle Roma poverty|date=5 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Roma|url=http://www.nationalia.info/new/8761/peoples-and-nations-today-the-roma|publisher=Nationalia|accessdate=20 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom|title=Rom|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|quote=... estimates of the total world Romani population range from two million to five million.|accessdate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region1 ={{flagcountry|United States}}
|pop1=1,000,000 estimatit wi Romani heritage &lt;br&gt;(5,400 per [[2000 US census|2000 census]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwPgRtjxKJ8C&amp;pg=PA117&amp;lpg=PA117 |title=The Marginalization of Shadow Minorities (Roma) and Its Impact on Opportunities |page=117 |website=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-27 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ref1=&lt;ref name=&quot;time&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kayla Webley|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|title=Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile|agency=Time|date=13 October 2010|accessdate=3 October 2015|quote=Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million.|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509214231/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region2={{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|pop2=800,000
|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|trans-title=Lack of public policy for Romani is a challenge for the administration|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html|language=Portuguese|title=Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo|publisher=R7|year=2011|accessdate=22 January 2012|quote=The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of &quot;ciganos&quot; (Romanis) in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). The 2010 IBGE Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|pop3=700,000–5,000,000&lt;ref name=immigration&gt;[http://www.osce.org/hcnm/78034?download=true Recent Migration of Roma in Europe, A study by Mr. Claude Cahn and Professor Elspeth Guild], page 87–88 (09.2010 figures)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;/≈2,750,000/
|ref3=&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkey&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi-/yasam/magazindetay/06.06.2008/873452/default.htm|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|trans-title=The number of Kurds in Turkey!|date=6 June 2008|accessdate=2 January 2016|language=Turkish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Türkiye’deki Çingene nüfusu tam bilinmiyor. 2, hatta 5 milyon gibi rakamlar dolaşıyor Çingenelerin arasında|url=http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp|newspaper=Hurriyet|place=[[Turkey|TR]]|language=tr|date=8 May 2005|accessdate=2 January 2016|archive-date=2009-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007144251/http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region4={{flagcountry|Spain}}
|pop4=650,000–1,500,000
|ref4=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Estimated by the Society for Threatened Peoples
[http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405044724/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg |date=2016-04-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|title=The Situation of Roma in Spain|publisher=Open Society Institute|year=2002|quote=The Spanish government estimates the number of ''Gitanos'' at a maximum of 650,000.|format=PDF|accessdate=15 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201172552/http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|archivedate=1 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Diagnostico Social de la Comunidad Gitana en Espana - CIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |title=DiagnÃ³stico social de la comunidad gitana en EspaÃ±a |format=PDF |website=Msc.es |date= |accessdate=2016-07-27 |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010161106/http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region5={{flagcountry|Romania}}
|pop5=621,573–2,000,000&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[2011 Romanian Census|2011 census]] data, based on [http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/ table 7 Population by ethnicity], gives a total of 621,573 Roma in Romania. This figure is disputed by other sources, because at the local level, many Roma declare a different ethnicity (mostly Romanian, but also Hungarian in Transylvania and Turkish in Dobruja). Many are not recorded at all, since they do not have ID cards [http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Romii_din_Romania.pdf]. International sources give higher figures than the official census([http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf [[UNDP]]'s Regional Bureau for Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101141449/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf |date=2013-11-01 }}, [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html World Bank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824055025/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html |date=2006-08-24 }}, [http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf International Association for Official Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226202154/http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf |date=2008-02-26 }}).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|title=Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 – Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune|date=5 July 2013|accessdate=18 December 2013|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)]]|language=Romanian|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|url-status=dead}} However, various organisations claim that there are 2 million Romanis in Romania. See [http://www.gandul.info/stiri/recensamant-2011-doua-treimi-dintre-romi-se-declara-romani-700-000-2-000-000-3-000-000-cati-romi-traiesc-in-romania-8883047]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region6={{flagcountry|France}}
|pop6=350,000–500,000
|ref6=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/security/situation-roma-france-crisis-proportions-report/article-150507 |title=Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions|publisher=EurActiv Network|quote=According to the report, the settled Gypsy population in France is officially estimated at around 500,000, although other estimates say that the actual figure is much closer to 1.2 million.|date=7 December 2005|accessdate=21 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;350000 en France en 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Bernard|last=Gorce|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Roms-gens-du-voyage-deux-realites-differentes-_NG_-2010-07-22-603910|title=Roms, gens du voyage, deux réalités différentes|publisher=[[La Croix]]|date=22 July 2010|accessdate=21 October 2016|quote=&lt;small&gt;[MANUAL TRANS.]&lt;/small&gt; The ban prevents statistics on ethnicity to give a precise figure of French Roma, but we often quote the number 350,000. For travellers, the administration counted 160,000 circulation titles in 2006 issued to people aged 16 to 80 years. Among the travellers, some have chosen to buy a family plot where they dock their caravans around a local section (authorized since the Besson Act of 1990).}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region7={{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|pop7=325,343–800,000
|ref7=&lt;ref name=&quot;NSI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx|script-title=bg:Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група|trans-title=Population by place of residence, age and ethnic group|language=bg|work=Bulgarian National Statistical Institute|accessdate=22 June 2015}} Self declared&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-249_en.htm|title=Roma Integration – 2014 Commission Assessment: Questions and Answers|publisher=European Commission|location=Brussels|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=28 April 2016}} EU and Council of Europe estimates&lt;/ref&gt;
|region8={{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|pop8=315,583–990,000
|ref8=&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_sajto_20130328.pdf Hungarian Central Statistical Office Census Data 2011]. Retrieved 28 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Michael Kimmelman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/arts/design/06roma.html?pagewanted=2&amp;_r=0|title=In Hungary, Roma Get Art Show, Not a Hug|work=The New York Times|date=6 February 2008|accessdate=7 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region9={{flagcountry|Greece}}
|pop9=300,000–350,000
|ref9=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Greece NGO|newspaper=Geek Helsinki Monitor|place=LV|publisher=Minelres|url=http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region10={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop10=90,000–300,000&lt;br&gt;/≈225,000/
|ref10=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution=RME |contribution-url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rme |title=Ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region11={{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop11=182,766–1,200,000
|ref11=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|title=National Composition of Population and Citizenship|quote=Census 2002 in Russia: 182,766 Roma|format=Excel|publisher=Perepis2002|place=RU|accessdate=16 September 2010|archive-date=2011-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204012/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region12={{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|pop12=147,604–500,000&lt;br&gt;/≈250,000/
|ref12=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Stat|place=[[Serbia|RS]]|url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|script-title=rs:Национална Припадност Припаднос|format=PDF|language=sr|trans-title=National origin affiliation|date=29 November 2012|accessdate=2 January 2016|archive-date=2018-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708082957/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cms/upload/file/serbia-country-profile-2011-2012.pdf|title=Serbia- a report by the European Roma Rights Centre|work=ERRC|date=2011–2012|accessdate=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region13={{flagcountry|Italy}}
|pop13=120,000–180,000
|ref13=&lt;ref name=DiGiacomo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|title=Giornata Internazionale dei rom e sinti: presentato il Rapporto Annuale 2014 (PDF)|access-date=2017-04-10|archive-date=2017-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203064522/http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region14={{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop14=120,000–140,000
|ref14=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution-url=http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |publisher=Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung |title=Regionale Dynamik |contribution=Roma in Deutschland |access-date=2017-04-10 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429055947/http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region15={{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
|pop15=105,738–600,000
|ref15=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Statistics|place=[[Slovakia|SK]]|format=PDF|url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715152521/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archivedate=15 July 2007|title=Population and Housing Census. Resident population by nationality}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=SME|place=SK|url=http://romovia.sme.sk/c/6947495/po-deviatich-rokoch-spocitali-romov-na-slovensku-ich-zije-viac-ako-400-tisic.html|title=Po deviatich rokoch spočítali Rómov, na Slovensku ich žije viac ako 400-tisíc|language=Slovak|date=25 September 2013|accessdate=25 September 2013|publisher=SITA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region16={{flagcountry|Macedonia}}
|pop16=53,879
|ref16=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20040621055714/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archivedate= 2004-06-21 |title= The 2002-census reported 53,879 Roma and 3,843 'Egyptians' |publisher=Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office |accessdate= 2010-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region17={{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|pop17=50,000–100,000
|ref17=&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution-url=http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |title=Minoritet |contribution=Sametingen. Information about minorities in Sweden |language=sv |publisher=IMCMS |access-date=2017-04-10 |archive-date=2017-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326075902/http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region18={{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|pop18=47,587–400,000
|ref18=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&amp;box=5.1W&amp;k_t=00&amp;p=100&amp;rz=1_1&amp;rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&amp;n_page=5 |publisher=State statistics committee |place=[[Ukraine|UA]] |title=National composition of population, 2001 census |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region19={{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|pop19=40,370 ([[Romani leid|Romani speakers]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&amp;tu=30718&amp;th=&amp;v=&amp;vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJUwUA4lOtR1sBAAA.&amp;vseuzemi=null&amp;void=|title=Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů|publisher=czso.cz}}&lt;/ref&gt;–300,000
|ref19=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://romove.radio.cz/cz/clanek/18884|quote=Census 2001 in Bulgaria: 370,908 Roma|accessdate=15 September 2010|publisher=romove.radio.cz|place=[[Czech Republic|CZ]]|title=Současná romská komunita v Evropě}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region20={{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|pop20=≈300,000
|ref20=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|author=Hazel Marsh|title=The Roma Gypsies of Colombia|journal=Latino Life|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region21={{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|pop21=40,000–70,000
|ref21=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;minorityrights.org&quot;/&gt;
|region22={{flagcountry|Kosovo}}
|pop22=40,000
|ref22=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQKyAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA142 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region23={{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop23=32,000–48,000
|ref23=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;
|region24={{flagcountry|Poland}}
|pop24=15,000–60,000
|ref24=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/poland/32.htm|title=Poland – Gypsies |work=Country studies |place=[[United States|US]] |accessdate=28 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region25={{flagcountry|Moldova}}
|pop25=12,778–200,000
|ref25=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;2004 census&lt;/ref&gt;
|region26={{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|pop26=16,975–40,000
|ref26=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |title=POPULATION BY ETHNICITY – DETAILED CLASSIFICATION, 2011 CENSUS |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=21 June 2015 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509214543/https://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region27={{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|pop27=8,864–60,000
|ref27=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;1991 census&lt;/ref&gt;
|region28={{flagcountry|Albania}}
|pop28=8,301–150,000 
|ref28=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;minorityrights.org&quot;&gt;[http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf Roma /Gypsies: A European Minority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515231943/https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf |date=2020-05-15 }}, Minority Rights Group International&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|format=XLS|title=Albanian census 2011|publisher=instat.gov.al|accessdate=7 December 2015|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113164207/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region29={{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|pop29=6,000
|region30={{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop30=5,255–80,000
|ref30=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614111814/http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|format=PDF|title=Roma in Canada fact sheet|publisher=home.cogeco.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&amp;LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=1118296&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=0&amp;PID=105396&amp;PRID=0&amp;PTYPE=105277&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2013&amp;THEME=95&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF=&amp;D1=0&amp;D2=0&amp;D3=0&amp;D4=0&amp;D5=0&amp;D6=0 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |author=[[Statistics Canada]] |accessdate=11 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region31={{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop31=11,000–50,000
|region32={{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop32=5,000–25,000
|ref32=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://open.abc.net.au/explore/15645|title=A History of Australian Romanies, now and then|author=Yvonne Slee|series=Now and Then|publisher=Open ABC|place=Australia|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region33={{flagcountry|Mexico}}
|pop33=15,850
|ref33=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/10/gypsies-or-how-to-be-invisible-in-mexico|author=Emilio Godoy|title=Gypsies, or How to Be Invisible in Mexico|date=12 October 2010|publisher=Inter Press Service|accessdate=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region34={{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|pop34=≈8,000
|ref34=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|title=The Roma Gypsies of Colombia|author=Hazel Marsh|publisher=Latino Life|accessdate=30 July 2016|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region35={{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
|pop35=2,300
|ref35=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Slovenia.html|title=Culture of Slovenia|author=unknown|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region36={{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|pop36=&lt;3,000
|ref36=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/society/article/kirtimai-lithuanias-roma-on-education-and-missing-england.html|author=Emmanuel Haddad|title=Kirtimai:Lithuania's Roma on education and 'missing England'|journal=Cafebabel|date=21 March 2012|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=2017-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230204/http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/society/article/kirtimai-lithuanias-roma-on-education-and-missing-england.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|languages=[[Romani leid|Romani]] leid, [[Para-Romani]] varieties, leids o native regions
|religions=O the releegious predominantly [[Christianity]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;&gt;{{Citation |editor-last=Gall |editor-first=Timothy L |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture &amp; Daily Life |volume=4. Europe |place=Cleveland, OH |publisher=Eastword |year=1998 |pages=316, 318 |quote=‘Religion: An underlay of Hinduism with an overlay of either Christianity or Islam (host country religion)’; Roma religious beliefs are rooted in Hinduism. Roma believe in a universal balance, called kuntari... Despite a 1,000-year separation from India, Roma still practice 'shaktism', the worship of a god through his female consort...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Shaktism]] branch of [[Hinduism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;/&gt;
|related-c=[[Dom fowk|Dom]], [[Lom fowk|Lom]], [[Domba]]; ither [[Indo-Aryan fowks|Indo-Aryans]]
}}
{{Cleanup|date=August 2020|reason=Unuisual deealect, likely no Scots.}}
The '''Romani''' (spelt '''Romany''' an aw), or '''Roma''', is a tradeitionally nomadic ethnic group, bidin maistly in [[Europe]] an [[Americae|the Americaes]] an originatin frae the [[North Indie|northren]] regions o the Indie subcontinent,{{sfn|Hancock|2002|p= [https://books.google.com/?id=MG0ahVw-kdwC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PR20 xx] |ps =: ‘While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romanian groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European’}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GoldbergBennahum2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=K. Meira Goldberg|author2=Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum|author3=Michelle Heffner Hayes|title=Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AS61CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|accessdate=8 December 2015|year=2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9470-5|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BroughtonEllingham1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Simon Broughton|author2=Mark Ellingham|author3=Richard Trillo|title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&amp;pg=PA147|accessdate=8 December 2015|year=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-635-8|page=147}}&lt;/ref&gt; presumably frae whaur the states [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], an [[Punjab, Indie|Punjab]] exeest the day.&lt;ref name=&quot;GoldbergBennahum2015&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BroughtonEllingham1999&quot;/&gt; Thay, alangside ither wanrelatit ethnic groups in [[Scotland]] an [[Ireland]], is kent as '''Gypsies''' an aw.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Romani Fowk}}
[[Category:Romani| ]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan fowks]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasie]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="23851" sha1="8xc81gykg3om08kl4cu595slyyy0vld" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Romani fowk
|flag=[[File:Roma flag.svg|200px]]
|flag_caption=Romani banner creautit in 1933 an acceptit bi the 1971 World Romani Congress
|pop=2–20 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmy|format=online|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=M. Paul|year=2009|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=16th|place=Dallas, [[Texas|TX]]|publisher=SIL|quote=Ian Hancock's 1987 estimate for 'all Gypsies in the world' was 6 to 11 million.|accessdate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12977975|work=BBC News|title=EU demands action to tackle Roma poverty|date=5 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Roma|url=http://www.nationalia.info/new/8761/peoples-and-nations-today-the-roma|publisher=Nationalia|accessdate=20 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom|title=Rom|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|quote=... estimates of the total world Romani population range from two million to five million.|accessdate=15 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region1 ={{flagcountry|United States}}
|pop1=1,000,000 estimatit wi Romani heritage &lt;br&gt;(5,400 per [[2000 US census|2000 census]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwPgRtjxKJ8C&amp;pg=PA117&amp;lpg=PA117 |title=The Marginalization of Shadow Minorities (Roma) and Its Impact on Opportunities |page=117 |website=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2016-07-27 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ref1=&lt;ref name=&quot;time&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kayla Webley|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|title=Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile|agency=Time|date=13 October 2010|accessdate=3 October 2015|quote=Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million.|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509214231/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region2={{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|pop2=800,000
|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|trans-title=Lack of public policy for Romani is a challenge for the administration|url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html|language=Portuguese|title=Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo|publisher=R7|year=2011|accessdate=22 January 2012|quote=The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of &quot;ciganos&quot; (Romanis) in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). The 2010 IBGE Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|pop3=700,000–5,000,000&lt;ref name=immigration&gt;[http://www.osce.org/hcnm/78034?download=true Recent Migration of Roma in Europe, A study by Mr. Claude Cahn and Professor Elspeth Guild], page 87–88 (09.2010 figures)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;/≈2,750,000/
|ref3=&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkey&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi-/yasam/magazindetay/06.06.2008/873452/default.htm|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|trans-title=The number of Kurds in Turkey!|date=6 June 2008|accessdate=2 January 2016|language=Turkish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Türkiye’deki Çingene nüfusu tam bilinmiyor. 2, hatta 5 milyon gibi rakamlar dolaşıyor Çingenelerin arasında|url=http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp|newspaper=Hurriyet|place=[[Turkey|TR]]|language=tr|date=8 May 2005|accessdate=2 January 2016|archive-date=2009-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007144251/http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region4={{flagcountry|Spain}}
|pop4=650,000–1,500,000
|ref4=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Estimated by the Society for Threatened Peoples
[http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405044724/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg |date=2016-04-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|title=The Situation of Roma in Spain|publisher=Open Society Institute|year=2002|quote=The Spanish government estimates the number of ''Gitanos'' at a maximum of 650,000.|format=PDF|accessdate=15 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201172552/http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf|archivedate=1 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Diagnostico Social de la Comunidad Gitana en Espana - CIS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |title=DiagnÃ³stico social de la comunidad gitana en EspaÃ±a |format=PDF |website=Msc.es |date= |accessdate=2016-07-27 |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010161106/http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region5={{flagcountry|Romania}}
|pop5=621,573–2,000,000&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[2011 Romanian Census|2011 census]] data, based on [http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/ table 7 Population by ethnicity], gives a total of 621,573 Roma in Romania. This figure is disputed by other sources, because at the local level, many Roma declare a different ethnicity (mostly Romanian, but also Hungarian in Transylvania and Turkish in Dobruja). Many are not recorded at all, since they do not have ID cards [http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Romii_din_Romania.pdf]. International sources give higher figures than the official census([http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf [[UNDP]]'s Regional Bureau for Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101141449/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf |date=2013-11-01 }}, [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html World Bank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824055025/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html |date=2006-08-24 }}, [http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf International Association for Official Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226202154/http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf |date=2008-02-26 }}).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|title=Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 – Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune|date=5 July 2013|accessdate=18 December 2013|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)]]|language=Romanian|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|url-status=dead}} However, various organisations claim that there are 2 million Romanis in Romania. See [http://www.gandul.info/stiri/recensamant-2011-doua-treimi-dintre-romi-se-declara-romani-700-000-2-000-000-3-000-000-cati-romi-traiesc-in-romania-8883047]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region6={{flagcountry|France}}
|pop6=350,000–500,000
|ref6=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/security/situation-roma-france-crisis-proportions-report/article-150507 |title=Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions|publisher=EurActiv Network|quote=According to the report, the settled Gypsy population in France is officially estimated at around 500,000, although other estimates say that the actual figure is much closer to 1.2 million.|date=7 December 2005|accessdate=21 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;350000 en France en 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Bernard|last=Gorce|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Roms-gens-du-voyage-deux-realites-differentes-_NG_-2010-07-22-603910|title=Roms, gens du voyage, deux réalités différentes|publisher=[[La Croix]]|date=22 July 2010|accessdate=21 October 2016|quote=&lt;small&gt;[MANUAL TRANS.]&lt;/small&gt; The ban prevents statistics on ethnicity to give a precise figure of French Roma, but we often quote the number 350,000. For travellers, the administration counted 160,000 circulation titles in 2006 issued to people aged 16 to 80 years. Among the travellers, some have chosen to buy a family plot where they dock their caravans around a local section (authorized since the Besson Act of 1990).}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region7={{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|pop7=325,343–800,000
|ref7=&lt;ref name=&quot;NSI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx|script-title=bg:Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група|trans-title=Population by place of residence, age and ethnic group|language=bg|work=Bulgarian National Statistical Institute|accessdate=22 June 2015}} Self declared&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-249_en.htm|title=Roma Integration – 2014 Commission Assessment: Questions and Answers|publisher=European Commission|location=Brussels|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=28 April 2016}} EU and Council of Europe estimates&lt;/ref&gt;
|region8={{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|pop8=315,583–990,000
|ref8=&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_sajto_20130328.pdf Hungarian Central Statistical Office Census Data 2011]. Retrieved 28 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Michael Kimmelman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/arts/design/06roma.html?pagewanted=2&amp;_r=0|title=In Hungary, Roma Get Art Show, Not a Hug|work=The New York Times|date=6 February 2008|accessdate=7 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region9={{flagcountry|Greece}}
|pop9=300,000–350,000
|ref9=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Greece NGO|newspaper=Geek Helsinki Monitor|place=LV|publisher=Minelres|url=http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region10={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop10=90,000–300,000&lt;br&gt;/≈225,000/
|ref10=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution=RME |contribution-url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rme |title=Ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region11={{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop11=182,766–1,200,000
|ref11=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|title=National Composition of Population and Citizenship|quote=Census 2002 in Russia: 182,766 Roma|format=Excel|publisher=Perepis2002|place=RU|accessdate=16 September 2010|archive-date=2011-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204012/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-1.xls|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region12={{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|pop12=147,604–500,000&lt;br&gt;/≈250,000/
|ref12=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Stat|place=[[Serbia|RS]]|url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|script-title=rs:Национална Припадност Припаднос|format=PDF|language=sr|trans-title=National origin affiliation|date=29 November 2012|accessdate=2 January 2016|archive-date=2018-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708082957/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.errc.org/cms/upload/file/serbia-country-profile-2011-2012.pdf|title=Serbia- a report by the European Roma Rights Centre|work=ERRC|date=2011–2012|accessdate=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region13={{flagcountry|Italy}}
|pop13=120,000–180,000
|ref13=&lt;ref name=DiGiacomo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|title=Giornata Internazionale dei rom e sinti: presentato il Rapporto Annuale 2014 (PDF)|access-date=2017-04-10|archive-date=2017-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203064522/http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region14={{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop14=120,000–140,000
|ref14=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution-url=http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |publisher=Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung |title=Regionale Dynamik |contribution=Roma in Deutschland |access-date=2017-04-10 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429055947/http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region15={{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
|pop15=105,738–600,000
|ref15=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Statistics|place=[[Slovakia|SK]]|format=PDF|url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715152521/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archivedate=15 July 2007|title=Population and Housing Census. Resident population by nationality}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=SME|place=SK|url=http://romovia.sme.sk/c/6947495/po-deviatich-rokoch-spocitali-romov-na-slovensku-ich-zije-viac-ako-400-tisic.html|title=Po deviatich rokoch spočítali Rómov, na Slovensku ich žije viac ako 400-tisíc|language=Slovak|date=25 September 2013|accessdate=25 September 2013|publisher=SITA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region16={{flagcountry|Macedonia}}
|pop16=53,879
|ref16=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20040621055714/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archivedate= 2004-06-21 |title= The 2002-census reported 53,879 Roma and 3,843 'Egyptians' |publisher=Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office |accessdate= 2010-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region17={{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|pop17=50,000–100,000
|ref17=&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |contribution-url=http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |title=Minoritet |contribution=Sametingen. Information about minorities in Sweden |language=sv |publisher=IMCMS |access-date=2017-04-10 |archive-date=2017-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326075902/http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region18={{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|pop18=47,587–400,000
|ref18=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&amp;box=5.1W&amp;k_t=00&amp;p=100&amp;rz=1_1&amp;rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&amp;n_page=5 |publisher=State statistics committee |place=[[Ukraine|UA]] |title=National composition of population, 2001 census |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region19={{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|pop19=40,370 ([[Romani leid|Romani speakers]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&amp;tu=30718&amp;th=&amp;v=&amp;vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJUwUA4lOtR1sBAAA.&amp;vseuzemi=null&amp;void=|title=Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů|publisher=czso.cz}}&lt;/ref&gt;–300,000
|ref19=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://romove.radio.cz/cz/clanek/18884|quote=Census 2001 in Bulgaria: 370,908 Roma|accessdate=15 September 2010|publisher=romove.radio.cz|place=[[Czech Republic|CZ]]|title=Současná romská komunita v Evropě}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region20={{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|pop20=≈300,000
|ref20=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|author=Hazel Marsh|title=The Roma Gypsies of Colombia|journal=Latino Life|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region21={{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|pop21=40,000–70,000
|ref21=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;minorityrights.org&quot;/&gt;
|region22={{flagcountry|Kosovo}}
|pop22=40,000
|ref22=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQKyAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA142 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region23={{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop23=32,000–48,000
|ref23=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;
|region24={{flagcountry|Poland}}
|pop24=15,000–60,000
|ref24=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/poland/32.htm|title=Poland – Gypsies |work=Country studies |place=[[United States|US]] |accessdate=28 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region25={{flagcountry|Moldova}}
|pop25=12,778–200,000
|ref25=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;2004 census&lt;/ref&gt;
|region26={{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|pop26=16,975–40,000
|ref26=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |title=POPULATION BY ETHNICITY – DETAILED CLASSIFICATION, 2011 CENSUS |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=21 June 2015 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509214543/https://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region27={{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|pop27=8,864–60,000
|ref27=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;1991 census&lt;/ref&gt;
|region28={{flagcountry|Albania}}
|pop28=8,301–150,000 
|ref28=&lt;ref name=immigration/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;minorityrights.org&quot;&gt;[http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf Roma /Gypsies: A European Minority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515231943/https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf |date=2020-05-15 }}, Minority Rights Group International&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|format=XLS|title=Albanian census 2011|publisher=instat.gov.al|accessdate=7 December 2015|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113164207/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/180932/1.1.13.xls|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region29={{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|pop29=6,000
|region30={{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop30=5,255–80,000
|ref30=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614111814/http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|format=PDF|title=Roma in Canada fact sheet|publisher=home.cogeco.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&amp;LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=1118296&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=0&amp;PID=105396&amp;PRID=0&amp;PTYPE=105277&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2013&amp;THEME=95&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF=&amp;D1=0&amp;D2=0&amp;D3=0&amp;D4=0&amp;D5=0&amp;D6=0 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables |author=[[Statistics Canada]] |accessdate=11 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region31={{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop31=11,000–50,000
|region32={{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop32=5,000–25,000
|ref32=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://open.abc.net.au/explore/15645|title=A History of Australian Romanies, now and then|author=Yvonne Slee|series=Now and Then|publisher=Open ABC|place=Australia|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region33={{flagcountry|Mexico}}
|pop33=15,850
|ref33=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/10/gypsies-or-how-to-be-invisible-in-mexico|author=Emilio Godoy|title=Gypsies, or How to Be Invisible in Mexico|date=12 October 2010|publisher=Inter Press Service|accessdate=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region34={{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|pop34=≈8,000
|ref34=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|title=The Roma Gypsies of Colombia|author=Hazel Marsh|publisher=Latino Life|accessdate=30 July 2016|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region35={{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
|pop35=2,300
|ref35=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Slovenia.html|title=Culture of Slovenia|author=unknown|accessdate=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region36={{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|pop36=&lt;3,000
|ref36=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/society/article/kirtimai-lithuanias-roma-on-education-and-missing-england.html|author=Emmanuel Haddad|title=Kirtimai:Lithuania's Roma on education and 'missing England'|journal=Cafebabel|date=21 March 2012|accessdate=29 July 2016|archive-date=2017-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230204/http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/society/article/kirtimai-lithuanias-roma-on-education-and-missing-england.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|languages=[[Romani leid|Romani]] leid, [[Para-Romani]] varieties, leids o native regions
|religions=O the releegious predominantly [[Christianity]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;&gt;{{Citation |editor-last=Gall |editor-first=Timothy L |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture &amp; Daily Life |volume=4. Europe |place=Cleveland, OH |publisher=Eastword |year=1998 |pages=316, 318 |quote=‘Religion: An underlay of Hinduism with an overlay of either Christianity or Islam (host country religion)’; Roma religious beliefs are rooted in Hinduism. Roma believe in a universal balance, called kuntari... Despite a 1,000-year separation from India, Roma still practice 'shaktism', the worship of a god through his female consort...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Shaktism]] branch of [[Hinduism]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall, Timothy L. 1998 pp. 316, 318&quot;/&gt;
|related-c=[[Dom fowk|Dom]], [[Lom fowk|Lom]], [[Domba]]; ither [[Indo-Aryan fowks|Indo-Aryans]]
}}
{{Cleanup|date=August 2020|reason=Unuisual deealect, likely no Scots.}}
The '''Romani''' (spelt '''Romany''' an aw), or '''Roma''', is a tradeitionally nomadic ethnic group, bidin maistly in [[Europe]] an [[Americae|the Americaes]] an originatin frae the [[North Indie|northren]] regions o the Indie subcontinent,{{sfn|Hancock|2002|p= [https://books.google.com/?id=MG0ahVw-kdwC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PR20 xx] |ps =: ‘While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romanian groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European’}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GoldbergBennahum2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=K. Meira Goldberg|author2=Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum|author3=Michelle Heffner Hayes|title=Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AS61CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|accessdate=8 December 2015|year=2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9470-5|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BroughtonEllingham1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Simon Broughton|author2=Mark Ellingham|author3=Richard Trillo|title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&amp;pg=PA147|accessdate=8 December 2015|year=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-635-8|page=147}}&lt;/ref&gt; presumably frae whaur the states [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], an [[Punjab, Indie|Punjab]] exeest the day.&lt;ref name=&quot;GoldbergBennahum2015&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BroughtonEllingham1999&quot;/&gt; Thay, alangside ither wanrelatit ethnic groups in [[Scotland]] an [[Ireland]], is kent as '''Gypsies''' an aw.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Romani Fowk}}
[[Category:Romani| ]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan fowks]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasie]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]]</text>
      <sha1>8xc81gykg3om08kl4cu595slyyy0vld</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scot Squad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921672</id>
      <parentid>789304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:28:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921672</origin>
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      <text bytes="1742" sha1="8iytu0mmvwmgrw6p72u69u7dd7zrcsm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2014 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis comedies]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>921672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:28:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:2014 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921673</origin>
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      <text bytes="1686" sha1="3kj5szgvwir9to34g0n4t94i4vk4jhn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis comedies]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]</text>
      <sha1>3kj5szgvwir9to34g0n4t94i4vk4jhn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921674</id>
      <parentid>921673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:28:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:2014 establishments]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921674</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1719" sha1="cy26kboulzns7hjiysd4jyzxed91sgv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis comedies]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]; added [[Category:Sitcoms]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1703" sha1="mx4pl6468eoz9scfxsj74yvxqvh3yhk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Sitcoms]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis comedies]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]</text>
      <sha1>mx4pl6468eoz9scfxsj74yvxqvh3yhk</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>921676</id>
      <parentid>921675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:29:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Polis comedies]]; added [[Category:Polis]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921676</origin>
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      <text bytes="1694" sha1="9fvlze5fzwjb4bfcau1ann6n14onuqb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Sitcoms]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]</text>
      <sha1>9fvlze5fzwjb4bfcau1ann6n14onuqb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921677</id>
      <parentid>921676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:29:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Sitcoms]]; added [[Category:Comedy]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921677</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1693" sha1="o4on1g6huwbl4fdp9tapc8hx327lh2v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]</text>
      <sha1>o4on1g6huwbl4fdp9tapc8hx327lh2v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921678</id>
      <parentid>921677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:30:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:BBC Television programmes]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1732" sha1="hfrw4o58g3bzt7dxxwg8g6ihln4pla9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 minutes
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014 - present
| last_aired           =
| num_series           = 3
| num_episodes         = 18
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a feectional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]</text>
      <sha1>hfrw4o58g3bzt7dxxwg8g6ihln4pla9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921709</id>
      <parentid>921678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T00:17:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921709</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2093" sha1="ad3ferukwrx7qf391dr53c6z966t0c0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 meenits
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014
| last_aired           = 2 Februar 2023
| num_series           = 8
| num_episodes         = 51
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a fictional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Novemmer 2017, Scots Squad did a crossower speicial wi [[River City]] fur [[Children In Need]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2017/scot-squad-river-city-cin |title=Scot Squad and River City stars join forces for Children In Need mash-up with Pudsey |date=16 November 2017 |work=BBC |accessdate=21 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]</text>
      <sha1>ad3ferukwrx7qf391dr53c6z966t0c0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921781</id>
      <parentid>921709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:32:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921781</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2094" sha1="ib796x1egyxdlmj5v2hlj8xs7zpalik" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| image                =
| caption              = 
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| picture_format       = 
| audio_format         = 
| runtime              = 30 meenits
| creator              = 
| developer            = 
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]]
| producer             = 
| executive_producer   = 
| director             = 
| starring             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014
| last_aired           = 2 Februar 2023
| num_series           = 8
| num_episodes         = 51
| list_episodes        = 
| preceded_by          =
| followed_by          = 
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a fictional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Novemmer 2017, Scots Squad did a crossower speicial wi [[River City]] fur [[Children In Need]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2017/scot-squad-river-city-cin |title=Scot Squad and River City stars join forces for Children In Need mash-up with Pudsey |date=16 November 2017 |work=BBC |accessdate=21 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]</text>
      <sha1>ib796x1egyxdlmj5v2hlj8xs7zpalik</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921782</id>
      <parentid>921781</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:33:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921782</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1681" sha1="joo22a2lah9t08v34l3qdfv8sn4w5e3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime              = 30 meenits
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]] 
| country              = [[Scotland]]
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014
| last_aired           = 2 Februar 2023
| num_series           = 8
| num_episodes         = 51
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a fictional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Novemmer 2017, Scots Squad did a crossower speicial wi [[River City]] fur [[Children In Need]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2017/scot-squad-river-city-cin |title=Scot Squad and River City stars join forces for Children In Need mash-up with Pudsey |date=16 November 2017 |work=BBC |accessdate=21 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]</text>
      <sha1>joo22a2lah9t08v34l3qdfv8sn4w5e3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921783</id>
      <parentid>921782</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T02:33:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>921783</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1676" sha1="geczttbsx5ved5p53akzsqiqb1afm7o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion
| show_name            = Scot Squad
| genre                = [[Sitcom]]
| camera               = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime              = 30 meenit
| company              = [[The Comedy Unit]]&lt;br&gt;[[BBC Scotland]] 
| country              = Scotland
| location             = [[Glesga]], Scotland
| language             = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| network              = [[BBC One Scotland]]
| first_aired          = 27 October 2014
| last_aired           = 2 Februar 2023
| num_series           = 8
| num_episodes         = 51
| website              = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06kw5fq
}}
'''''Scot Squad''''' is a [[Scotland|Scots]] telly sitcom series that airs on [[BBC One Scotland]] aboot a fictional Scots polis force.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/tv-radio/new-improvised-bbc-scotland-comedy-scot-squad-1-3584499|title=New improvised BBC Scotland comedy Scot Squad|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Novemmer 2017, Scots Squad did a crossower speicial wi [[River City]] fur [[Children In Need]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2017/scot-squad-river-city-cin |title=Scot Squad and River City stars join forces for Children In Need mash-up with Pudsey |date=16 November 2017 |work=BBC |accessdate=21 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Polis]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:2014 establishments]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]</text>
      <sha1>geczttbsx5ved5p53akzsqiqb1afm7o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hyundai Motor Company</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176411</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921412</id>
      <parentid>909738</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:35:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuive en.wiki airtin</comment>
      <origin>921412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7427" sha1="lz6iz7jiz07nat5olmemcxfpiakk2i5" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the Hyundai Motor Company subsidiar|the Hyundai Motor Group, a group o companies|Hyundai Motor Group}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = Hyundai Motor Company
| native_name      = 현대자동차
| native_name_lang = kor
| logo             = [[File:Hyundai Motor Company logo.svg|200px]]
| image            = Hyundai_Motor_Company_2000.jpg
| image_size       = 300px
| image_caption    = Hyundai Motor Company Headquarters (richt) in [[Seoul]], Sooth Korea
| type             = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as        = {{kse|005380}}
| genre            =
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1967|12|29}}
| founder          = [[Chung Ju-yung]]
| location_city    = [[Seoul]]
| location_country = [[Sooth Korea]]
| locations        =
| key_people       = [[Chung Mong-koo]] &lt;small&gt;([[Chairman]] &amp; [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])&lt;/small&gt;
| area_served      = Warldwide
| industry         = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products         = Automobiles, [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[internal combustion ingine|ingines]]
| production       = {{increase}} 4,962 million units (''2014'')&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR 2015 FAST FACTS|work=http://www.hyundaiproductinformation.com/|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103301/https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| revenue          = {{increase}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 76 billion &lt;small&gt;(2014)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR 2015 FAST FACTS|work=http://www.hyundaiproductinformation.com/|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103301/https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| net_income       = {{profit}} US$6.5 billion &lt;small&gt;(2014)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR 2015 FAST FACTS|work=http://www.hyundaiproductinformation.com/|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103301/https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| assets           = {{increase}} US$125.6 billion &lt;small&gt;(2014)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR 2015 FAST FACTS|work=http://www.hyundaiproductinformation.com/|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103301/https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| equity           = {{profit}} US$53.4 billion &lt;small&gt;(2014)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR 2015 FAST FACTS|work=http://www.hyundaiproductinformation.com/|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103301/https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| num_employees    = 104,731 (2013) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR 2015 FAST FACTS|work=http://www.hyundaiproductinformation.com/|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=2017-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103301/https://globalpr.hyundai.com/imagefile/prCenter/download/201309_Quick%20Facts.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| parent           = [[Hyundai Motor Group]]&lt;br&gt;(2000–present)
| slogan           = ''New Thinking, New Possibilities''
| divisions        = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Genesis Motors|Genesis]]
  | [[Kia Motors|Kia]]
  }}
| subsid           = {{Collapsible list|title=List|Hyundai Translead&lt;br /&gt;[[Hyundai Motor India Limited|Hyundai Motor India]]&lt;br /&gt;Hyundai Motor of North America&lt;br /&gt;[[Hyundai Motor America]]&lt;br /&gt;Hyundai of Canada&lt;br /&gt;Hyundai Motor of South America&lt;br /&gt;Hyundai do Brasil&lt;br /&gt;Hyundai China&lt;br /&gt;[[Beijing Hyundai]]&lt;br /&gt;Hyundai Japan&lt;br /&gt;[[Hyundai Motor Europe GmbH|Hyundai Motor Europe]]}}
| homepage         = {{URL|hyundai.com/}}
| footnotes        =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
| hangul = 현대자동차
| hanja = 現代自動車
| rr = Hyeondae Jadongcha
| mr = Hyŏndae Chatongch'a
| context =
| img     =
| caption =
| IPA = hjə́ːndɛ
}}
{{Contains Korean text}}
The '''Hyundai Motor Company''' ({{korean|hangul=현대자동차|hanja=現代自動車|rr=Hyeondae Jadongcha}} {{Audio|Ko-현대자동차.oga|listen|help=no}}; {{Korean|hangul=현대|hanja=現代|mr=Hyŏndae}}, {{IPA-ko|hjə́ːndɛ|IPA}},&lt;ref&gt;Pronunciations in Inglis vary. Amang the variants are:

* {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|j|ʌ|n|d|eɪ}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ʌ|n|d|eɪ}} {{respell|H(Y)UN|day}}
* {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|j|ʌ|n|d|aɪ}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ʌ|n|d|aɪ}} {{respell|H(Y)UN|dy}}
* {{IPAc-en|h|aɪ|ˈ|uː|n|d|aɪ}} {{respell|hy|OON|dy}}
* {{IPAc-en|h|i|ˈ|ʌ|n|d|eɪ}} {{respell|hee|UN|day}}

The closest Inglis pronunciation tae the oreeginal Korean wad be {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|j|ʌ|n|d|ɛ}} {{respell|HYUN|deh}}, but the feenal vowel is [[checkit an free vouels|checkit]] an canna occur wird-feenal in Inglis.&lt;/ref&gt; ''modernity''; {{kse|005380}}) is a [[Sooth Korea]]n [[multinaitional corporation|multinaitional]] [[Automotive industry|automotive]] manufacturer heidquairtered in [[Seoul]]. The company wis foondit in 1967 an, alang wi its 32.8% awned subsidiar, [[Kia Motors]], an its 100% awned luxury subsidiar [[Genesis Motors]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Sohee|title=Hyundai launches Genesis premium car brand in bid to end profit skid|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/11/04/hyundai-motor-genesis-idINKCN0ST0BD20151104|accessdate=5 November 2015|work=[[Reuters]]|date=Nov 4, 2015|archive-date=2015-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118005028/http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/11/04/hyundai-motor-genesis-idINKCN0ST0BD20151104|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; which thegither comprise the [[Hyundai Motor Group]]. It is the third lairgest vehicle manufacturer in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads//ranking2015.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-08-26 |archive-date=2016-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080702/http://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads//ranking2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category|Hyundai Motor Company}}
*{{Official website|hyundai.com}}
*[http://brand.hyundai.com/ Hyundai Motor's Buist Hamepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815093654/http://brand.hyundai.com/ |date=2017-08-15 }}

[[Category:Bus manufacturers]]
[[Category:Caur manufacturers o Sooth Korea]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1967]]
[[Category:Companies leetit on the Korea Stock Exchynge]]
[[Category:Hyundai Motor Company| ]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Sooth Korea]]
[[Category:Multinaitional companies]]
[[Category:Sooth Korean buists]]
[[Category:Larrie manufacturers]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Sooth Korea]]
[[Category:Caur buists]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gothic leid</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Auncient Germanic Fowk]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1710" sha1="cx4uoxbif1ujdf8ml0jnncbc0m6hnfp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
|name=Gothic
|region=[[Oium]], [[Dacia]], [[Pannonia]], [[Dalmatia (Roman province)|Dalmatia]], [[Italian Peninsula|Italy]], [[Gallia Narbonensis]], [[Gallia Aquitania]], [[Hispania]], [[Crimea]], [[North Caucasus]].
|extinct=maistly extinct bi the 8t or 9t centuries, last speakers ootside [[eastren Europe]] remained till the 10t century in northwast [[Iberian peninsula]],&lt;ref&gt;Last speakers ootside eastren Europe war minority speakers o Visigothic an Vandalic varieties that residit in the [[Kinrick o Asturias]], ane o the last survivin [[Barbarian kinricks]] that haed been increasinly adoptin [[Vulgar Laitin]] till its demise in 924.&lt;/ref&gt; remnants mey hae lingered intae the 18t century in Crimea
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Germanic leids|Germanic]]
|fam3=[[Eist Germanic leids|Eist Germanic]]
|dia1=[[Crimean Gothic]]
|script=[[Gothic alphabet]]
|iso2=got
|iso3=got
|lingua=52-ADA
|glotto=goth1244
|glottorefname=Gothic
|notice=IPA
}}
'''Gothic''' is an [[extinct leid|extinct]] [[Eist Germanic leids|Eist]] [[Germanic leid]] that wis spoken bi the [[Goths]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gothic Leiid}}
[[Category:Leids attestit frae the 4t century]]
[[Category:Gothic leid| ]]
[[Category:Medieval leids]]
[[Category:Gothic writin]]
[[Category:Leids o Spain]]
[[Category:Leids o Portugal]]
[[Category:Leids o Italy]]
[[Category:Leids o Romanie]]
[[Category:Leids o Fraunce]]
[[Category:Leids o Poland]]
[[Category:Leids o the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Leids o Slovakie]]
[[Category:Leids o Roushie]]
[[Category:Leids o Ukraine]]
[[Category:Extinct leids o Europe]]
[[Category:East Germanic leids]]
[[Category:Auncient Germanic Fowk]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Collogue:69 (sex poseetion)</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-45886-15</username>
        <id>136021</id>
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      <comment>/* 69 */ new section</comment>
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== 69 ==

69 sex photo [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-45886-15|&amp;#126;2026-45886-15]] ([[Uiser collogue:&amp;#126;2026-45886-15|talk]]) 08:04, 21 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Revertit edit o ~2026-45886-15, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane</comment>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Limmy's Show</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>192363</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921669</id>
      <parentid>898807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T22:18:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>921669</origin>
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      <text bytes="6303" sha1="llv4yjo39evgq3eip1mo3wgqsit2tsz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion|show_name=Limmy's Show!|image=Limmy's-Show-Title-Screen.jpg|caption=''Limmy's Show!'' title card|creator=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]]|writer=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]]|director=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]]|starring=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Paul McCole]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Alan McHugh]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kirstin McLean]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Raymond Mearns]] (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tom Brogan]] (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;
[[Debbie Welsh]] (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;|country=Scotland|num_series=3 (1 Special)|num_episodes=20 (including pilot)|producer=Rab Christie|executive_producer=Jacqueline Sinclair|runtime=30 minutes|company=[[The Comedy Unit]]|network=[[BBC Two Scotland]]|first_aired={{Start date|2010|1|11|df=y}}|last_aired={{End date|2013|12|22|df=y}}}}
'''''Limmy's Show!''''' wis a Scottish [[comedy]] [[sketch show]] broadcast on [[BBC Two Scotland]], written an directit bi [[Limmy|Brian Limond]]. Limond sternt as hissel an a variety o chairacters in a series o observational, surreal, daurk an streenge sketches. Limmy afttimes braks the fowert waw bi direckly talkin tae viewers throu the camera. The shaw stars [[Limmy|Brian Limond]], [[Paul McCole]], [[Alan McHugh]], [[Kirstin McLean]] an [[Ryan Fletcher]]. The first series featurt a ootthrou different promuivin cast, conseesting o Debbie Welsh, Tom Brogan an [[Raymond Mearns]].

== Development ==
''Limmy's Show!'' wis creautit as a eftercast o the sonse o Limmy's live performances at [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe|The Fringe]] an the [[Glasgow International Comedy Festival]], thairsels based on his sonsie 2006 [[podcast]] ''Limmy's World of Glasgow''. Several o the chairacters seen in ''Limmy's Show'' wis oreeginally creatit throu this podcast, includin Jacqueline McCafferty, Wee Gary and Dee Dee.  The first series, at wis appruived follaein a sonsie pilot in Februar 2009, first aired on 11 Januar 2010 an ran weekly for six episodes. In July 2012, Limond furthset via [[Twitter]] that he wis currently filmin the third series, at wis aired frae 12 November 2012.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/limmys_show/episodes/3/&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, a Christenmas special wis broadcast in December 2013. Limmy haes said that he disna want tae mak any maire episodes o the show efter the Christmas special. Limmy proponed a sitcom based aroond Falconhoof, aka &quot;Ped&quot;, but the shaw wis turned doun bi BBC Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a797175/limmys-falconhoof-sitcom-was-turned-down-and-has-no-plans-for-new-limmys-show/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Recurrin chairacters ==

* '''Limmy''' – Limmy kythes as himsel makkin blunt observations on life an modern culture. &quot;Hae ye ever noticed…?&quot;, &quot;Ye know whit A hate?&quot;, &quot;Whit would ye do?&quot; an &quot;Let me tell ye something aboot life...&quot; is common intros tae thir harn-asteeps. He kythes as himsel in frequent, wee segments rangin frae wee pieces o satire tae dancin an complete non-sequitur jokes. On several occasions, he yaffs [[Top of the Pops]] performances, wi himsel keyed in iver the footage. 
* '''Jacqueline McCafferty''' – An ex-junkie wha spent three year o her life on heroin an a further five year on a methadone treatment programme. Jacqueline tries her best tae fit in wi the middle an upper classes an is gey snell aboot fowk leukin doun thair nose at her.
* '''Falconhoof''' – The lown an conseestently weel-willie costumed host o &quot;Adventure Call&quot;, a live televised [[Call-in show|caw-in show]] in whit he guides players throu a fantasy [[role-playing game]] fur tae win cash prizes. He raiglarly haes tae deal wi angry, wanexpected an whiles misleadin or threitenin cawers an siteeations, lik thaim wha hes wastit siller as a eftercome o cawin the [[premium rate]] service.
* '''Derek &quot;Dee Dee&quot; Durie''' – A spaced-oot waster wha spends his time daein naethin but ower-analysin trivial things an bringin his kitchen tae life throu hallucination. He prefaces ilka monologue wi ''&quot;Fockin...&quot;''
* '''Raymond Day''' '''''(series 2-3)''''' – A croose, sadistic [[cold reading]] television psychic medium, based on [[Colin Fry]], wha moots terrel information on parteecular memmers o his itherwise gay crowd.
* '''Mr. Mulvaney''' '''''(series 1 &amp; special)''''' – A ill-deedie 60-year-auld businessman ivverly comin up wi weys tae evit sturt wi the law.
* '''Wee Gary''' '''''(series 1)''''' – A bairn wha spends his leaves an lunch times tryin tae capitalise upon his fellae pupils pauchlin thaim wi mense an wi sellin onything an awthing.
* '''John Paul''' '''''(series 1)''''' – A wirkin class hauflin [[ned]] and aw-roond keelie wha terrorises an snuils his victims, guidin hissel lubbard-like. He hes a persistent, negative social media presence.
* '''Major Boo Boo''' '''''(series 2, anerly twa sketches)''''' – An animated character, wha awtho is dressed in a major's uniform, disna actually seem tae be in the army. He afttimes maks mistaks, or &quot;major boo boos&quot;.
* '''The Spies''' '''''(series 2)''''' - Twa inept spies wha is intent on 'gettin somethin' on the ither ane.

== Honours ==
''Limmy's Show!'' haes won a [[BAFTA Scotland|Scottish BAFTA]] award for Best Entertainment Programme twace, the first time in November 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011#jump3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-07 |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224133920/https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011#jump3 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an the second in 2013 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2013#jump04 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-07 |archive-date=2019-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212014850/http://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2013#jump04 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{BBC programme}}BBC Programmes{{BBC programme}}
* {{IMDb title|1495848|id=1495848}}
* {{British Comedy Guide|tv|limmys_show}}British Comedy Guide

[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Scots leid]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6327" sha1="2j4ep9gx2ptcfb1rx8zh676szrfbvkv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion|show_name=Limmy's Show!|image=Limmy's-Show-Title-Screen.jpg|caption=''Limmy's Show!'' title card|creator=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]]|writer=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]]|director=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]]|starring=[[Limmy|Brian Limond]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Paul McCole]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Alan McHugh]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Kirstin McLean]], &lt;br /&gt;
[[Raymond Mearns]] (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;
[[Tom Brogan]] (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;
[[Debbie Welsh]] (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;|country=Scotland|num_series=3 (1 Special)|num_episodes=20 (including pilot)|producer=Rab Christie|executive_producer=Jacqueline Sinclair|runtime=30 minutes|company=[[The Comedy Unit]]|network=[[BBC Two Scotland]]|first_aired={{Start date|2010|1|11|df=y}}|last_aired={{End date|2013|12|22|df=y}}}}
'''''Limmy's Show!''''' wis a Scottish [[comedy]] [[sketch show]] broadcast on [[BBC Two Scotland]], written an directit bi [[Limmy|Brian Limond]]. Limond sternt as hissel an a variety o chairacters in a series o observational, surreal, daurk an streenge sketches. Limmy afttimes braks the fowert waw bi direckly talkin tae viewers throu the camera. The shaw stars [[Limmy|Brian Limond]], [[Paul McCole]], [[Alan McHugh]], [[Kirstin McLean]] an [[Ryan Fletcher]]. The first series featurt a ootthrou different promuivin cast, conseesting o Debbie Welsh, Tom Brogan an [[Raymond Mearns]].

== Development ==
''Limmy's Show!'' wis creautit as a eftercast o the sonse o Limmy's live performances at [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe|The Fringe]] an the [[Glasgow International Comedy Festival]], thairsels based on his sonsie 2006 [[podcast]] ''Limmy's World of Glasgow''. Several o the chairacters seen in ''Limmy's Show'' wis oreeginally creatit throu this podcast, includin Jacqueline McCafferty, Wee Gary and Dee Dee.  The first series, at wis appruived follaein a sonsie pilot in Februar 2009, first aired on 11 Januar 2010 an ran weekly for six episodes. In July 2012, Limond furthset via [[Twitter]] that he wis currently filmin the third series, at wis aired frae 12 November 2012.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/limmys_show/episodes/3/&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, a Christenmas special wis broadcast in December 2013. Limmy haes said that he disna want tae mak any maire episodes o the show efter the Christmas special. Limmy proponed a sitcom based aroond Falconhoof, aka &quot;Ped&quot;, but the shaw wis turned doun bi BBC Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a797175/limmys-falconhoof-sitcom-was-turned-down-and-has-no-plans-for-new-limmys-show/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Recurrin chairacters ==

* '''Limmy''' – Limmy kythes as himsel makkin blunt observations on life an modern culture. &quot;Hae ye ever noticed…?&quot;, &quot;Ye know whit A hate?&quot;, &quot;Whit would ye do?&quot; an &quot;Let me tell ye something aboot life...&quot; is common intros tae thir harn-asteeps. He kythes as himsel in frequent, wee segments rangin frae wee pieces o satire tae dancin an complete non-sequitur jokes. On several occasions, he yaffs [[Top of the Pops]] performances, wi himsel keyed in iver the footage. 
* '''Jacqueline McCafferty''' – An ex-junkie wha spent three year o her life on heroin an a further five year on a methadone treatment programme. Jacqueline tries her best tae fit in wi the middle an upper classes an is gey snell aboot fowk leukin doun thair nose at her.
* '''Falconhoof''' – The lown an conseestently weel-willie costumed host o &quot;Adventure Call&quot;, a live televised [[Call-in show|caw-in show]] in whit he guides players throu a fantasy [[role-playing game]] fur tae win cash prizes. He raiglarly haes tae deal wi angry, wanexpected an whiles misleadin or threitenin cawers an siteeations, lik thaim wha hes wastit siller as a eftercome o cawin the [[premium rate]] service.
* '''Derek &quot;Dee Dee&quot; Durie''' – A spaced-oot waster wha spends his time daein naethin but ower-analysin trivial things an bringin his kitchen tae life throu hallucination. He prefaces ilka monologue wi ''&quot;Fockin...&quot;''
* '''Raymond Day''' '''''(series 2-3)''''' – A croose, sadistic [[cold reading]] television psychic medium, based on [[Colin Fry]], wha moots terrel information on parteecular memmers o his itherwise gay crowd.
* '''Mr. Mulvaney''' '''''(series 1 &amp; special)''''' – A ill-deedie 60-year-auld businessman ivverly comin up wi weys tae evit sturt wi the law.
* '''Wee Gary''' '''''(series 1)''''' – A bairn wha spends his leaves an lunch times tryin tae capitalise upon his fellae pupils pauchlin thaim wi mense an wi sellin onything an awthing.
* '''John Paul''' '''''(series 1)''''' – A wirkin class hauflin [[ned]] and aw-roond keelie wha terrorises an snuils his victims, guidin hissel lubbard-like. He hes a persistent, negative social media presence.
* '''Major Boo Boo''' '''''(series 2, anerly twa sketches)''''' – An animated character, wha awtho is dressed in a major's uniform, disna actually seem tae be in the army. He afttimes maks mistaks, or &quot;major boo boos&quot;.
* '''The Spies''' '''''(series 2)''''' - Twa inept spies wha is intent on 'gettin somethin' on the ither ane.

== Honours ==
''Limmy's Show!'' haes won a [[BAFTA Scotland|Scottish BAFTA]] award for Best Entertainment Programme twace, the first time in November 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011#jump3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-07 |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224133920/https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011#jump3 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an the second in 2013 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2013#jump04 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-07 |archive-date=2019-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212014850/http://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2013#jump04 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{BBC programme}}BBC Programmes{{BBC programme}}
* {{IMDb title|1495848|id=1495848}}
* {{British Comedy Guide|tv|limmys_show}}British Comedy Guide

[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
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        <id>6841</id>
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      <comment>remuive reid links</comment>
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      <text bytes="6153" sha1="ioc59ag4hirdf2ryw5dt3qq59q32x9k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion|show_name=Limmy's Show!|image=|caption=|creator=Brian Limond|writer=Brian Limond|director=Brian Limond|starring=Brian Limond, &lt;br /&gt;
Paul McCole, &lt;br /&gt;
Alan McHugh, &lt;br /&gt;
Kirstin McLean, &lt;br /&gt;
Raymond Mearns (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;
Tom Brogan (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;
Debbie Welsh (Series 1), &lt;br /&gt;|country=Scotland|num_series=3 (1 Special)|num_episodes=20 (including pilot)|producer=Rab Christie|executive_producer=Jacqueline Sinclair|runtime=30 minutes|company=The Comedy Unit|network=[[BBC Two]] Scotland|first_aired={{Start date|2010|1|11|df=y}}|last_aired={{End date|2013|12|22|df=y}}}}
'''''Limmy's Show!''''' wis a Scottish [[comedy]] sketch show broadcast on BBC Two Scotland, written an directit bi [[Limmy|Brian Limond]]. Limond sternt as hissel an a variety o chairacters in a series o observational, surreal, daurk an streenge sketches. Limmy afttimes braks the fowert waw bi direckly talkin tae viewers throu the camera. The shaw stars [[Limmy|Brian Limond]], Paul McCole, Alan McHugh, Kirstin McLean an Ryan Fletcher. The first series featurt a ootthrou different promuivin cast, conseesting o Debbie Welsh, Tom Brogan an Raymond Mearns.

== Development ==
''Limmy's Show!'' wis creautit as a eftercast o the sonse o Limmy's live performances at [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe|The Fringe]] an the [[Glasgow International Comedy Festival]], thairsels based on his sonsie 2006 podcast ''Limmy's World of Glasgow''. Several o the chairacters seen in ''Limmy's Show'' wis oreeginally creatit throu this podcast, includin Jacqueline McCafferty, Wee Gary and Dee Dee.  The first series, at wis appruived follaein a sonsie pilot in Februar 2009, first aired on 11 Januar 2010 an ran weekly for six episodes. In July 2012, Limond furthset via [[Twitter]] that he wis currently filmin the third series, at wis aired frae 12 November 2012.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/limmys_show/episodes/3/&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, a Christenmas special wis broadcast in December 2013. Limmy haes said that he disna want tae mak any maire episodes o the show efter the Christmas special. Limmy proponed a sitcom based aroond Falconhoof, aka &quot;Ped&quot;, but the shaw wis turned doun bi BBC Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a797175/limmys-falconhoof-sitcom-was-turned-down-and-has-no-plans-for-new-limmys-show/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Recurrin chairacters ==

* '''Limmy''' – Limmy kythes as himsel makkin blunt observations on life an modern culture. &quot;Hae ye ever noticed…?&quot;, &quot;Ye know whit A hate?&quot;, &quot;Whit would ye do?&quot; an &quot;Let me tell ye something aboot life...&quot; is common intros tae thir harn-asteeps. He kythes as himsel in frequent, wee segments rangin frae wee pieces o satire tae dancin an complete non-sequitur jokes. On several occasions, he yaffs Top of the Pops performances, wi himsel keyed in ower the footage.
* '''Jacqueline McCafferty''' – An ex-junkie wha spent three year o her life on heroin an a further five year on a methadone treatment programme. Jacqueline tries her best tae fit in wi the middle an upper classes an is gey snell aboot fowk leukin doun thair nose at her.
* '''Falconhoof''' – The lown an conseestently weel-willie costumed host o &quot;Adventure Call&quot;, a live televised [[Call-in show|caw-in show]] in whit he guides players throu a fantasy role-playing game fur tae win cash prizes. He raiglarly haes tae deal wi angry, wanexpected an whiles misleadin or threitenin cawers an siteeations, lik thaim wha hes wastit siller as a eftercome o cawin the premium rate service.
* '''Derek &quot;Dee Dee&quot; Durie''' – A spaced-oot waster wha spends his time daein naethin but ower-analysin trivial things an bringin his kitchen tae life throu hallucination. He prefaces ilka monologue wi ''&quot;Fockin...&quot;''
* '''Raymond Day''' '''''(series 2-3)''''' – A croose, sadistic cauld readin television psychic medium, based on [[Colin Fry]], wha moots terrel information on parteecular memmers o his itherwise gay crowd.
* '''Mr. Mulvaney''' '''''(series 1 &amp; special)''''' – A ill-deedie 60-year-auld businessman ivverly comin up wi weys tae evit sturt wi the law.
* '''Wee Gary''' '''''(series 1)''''' – A bairn wha spends his leaves an lunch times tryin tae capitalise upon his fellae pupils pauchlin thaim wi mense an wi sellin onything an awthing.
* '''John Paul''' '''''(series 1)''''' – A wirkin class hauflin [[ned]] and aw-roond keelie wha terrorises an snuils his victims, guidin hissel lubbard-like. He hes a persistent, negative social media presence.
* '''Major Boo Boo''' '''''(series 2, anerly twa sketches)''''' – An animated character, wha awtho is dressed in a major's uniform, disna actually seem tae be in the army. He afttimes maks mistaks, or &quot;major boo boos&quot;.
* '''The Spies''' '''''(series 2)''''' - Twa inept spies wha is intent on 'gettin somethin' on the ither ane.

== Honours ==
''Limmy's Show!'' haes won a [[BAFTA Scotland|Scottish BAFTA]] award for Best Entertainment Programme twace, the first time in November 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011#jump3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-07 |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224133920/https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011#jump3 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an the second in 2013 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2013#jump04 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-12-07 |archive-date=2019-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212014850/http://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2013#jump04 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{BBC programme}}BBC Programmes{{BBC programme}}
* {{IMDb title|1495848|id=1495848}}
* {{British Comedy Guide|tv|limmys_show}}British Comedy Guide

[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:2010s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
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    <title>Neon Genesis Evangelion</title>
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      <text bytes="4994" sha1="s4yurf3irh2ydoriuyc55009b54iqqx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name            = Neon Genesis Evangelion
| image           = Evangelion retouched.png
| caption         = Teetle caird o the anime televeesion series
| ja_kanji        = 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン
| ja_romaji       = Shin Seiki Evangerion
| genre           = [[Mecha anime an manga|Mecha]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325205204/http://www.advfilms.com/CatalogFilms_Detail.asp?ID=4313|url=http://www.advfilms.com/CatalogFilms_Detail.asp?ID=4313|title=Neon Genesis Evangelion Platinum Complete Collection|publisher=[[ADV Films]]|archivedate=2006-07-14|accessdate=June 25, 2018|df=mdy-all|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Psychological feection|psychological]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Human-Sized Eva Spear Auctioned for 13.7 Million Yen |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-09-08/human-sized-eva-spear-auctioned-for-13.7-million-yen/2 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |accessdate=July 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Science feection genre|science feection]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Evangelion Sparkling Wine Arrives This Month |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2011-06-21/evangelion-sparkling-wine-arrives-this-month |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |accessdate=June 25, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type            = tv series
| director        = [[Hideaki Anno]]
| writer          = Hideaki Anno
| producer        = Noriko Kobayashi&lt;br /&gt;Yutaka Sugiyama
| music           = [[Shirō Sagisu]]
| studio          = [[Tatsunoko Production]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Gainax]]
| licensee        = {{English anime licensee
  | AUS = [[Madman Entertainment]] (umwhile)
  | BI  = [[ADV Films]] (umwhile)
}}
| network         = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en      = {{English anime network
  | AU  = [[SBS (Australie TV channel)|SBS TV]]
  | CA  = [[MTV2 (Canadae)|Razer]] ([[Kamikaze (Razer)|Kamikaze]])
  | NA  = [[Anime Network]]
  | PH  = [[ABS-CBN]]
  | US  = [[Anime Network]], [[KQEH|KTEH]], [[Cartoon Network]] ([[Toonami]]), [[Adult Swim]]
  | ZA  = [[Animax#Sooth Africae|Animax]]
  | MG  = [[Sanime]], [[Adult Swim]]
}}
| first           = 4 October 1995
| last            = 27 Mairch 1996
| episodes        = 26
| episode_list    = Leet o Neon Genesis Evangelion episodes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title           = Films
| content         =
* ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death &amp; Rebirth|Death &amp; Rebirth]]'' (Mairch 1997)
* ''[[The End of Evangelion]]'' (Julie 1997)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title           = Relatit warks
| content         =
* ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion (manga)|Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' (manga)
* ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: Angelic Days]]''
* ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: Campus Apocalypse]]''
* ''[[Petit Eva: Evangelion@School]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Rebuild of Evangelion]]''
** ''[[Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone|1.0 You Are (Not) Alone.]]'' (2007)
** ''[[Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance|2.0 You Can (Not) Advance.]]'' (2009)
** ''[[Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo|3.0 You Can (Not) Redo.]]'' (2012)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}

{{Nihongo|'''''Neon Genesis Evangelion'''''{{sfn|Cavallaro|2007|p=54|ps=: &quot;The original title for the series, ''Shinseiki Evangelion'', is componed o twa pairts: the Japanese compoond ''Shinseiki'', that means &quot;new era&quot; or &quot;new generation,&quot; an the [[Auncient Greek|Greek]] wird ''Evangelion'', that leeterally means &quot;good news&quot; ... an haes subsequently come tae an aw mean &quot;gospel.&quot; The Inglis teetle ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', oreeginally chuisen bi Gainax, conseests o the Greek wirds ''neon'', the neuter form o the wird ''neos'' (= &quot;new&quot; or &quot;young&quot;), ''genesis'' (= &quot;oreegin,&quot; &quot;soorce&quot; or &quot;birth, race&quot;) an ''evangelion''.}}|新世紀エヴァンゲリオン|Shinseiki Evangerion|literally &quot;The [[The gospel|Gospel]] o the New Century&quot;|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[Mecha anime an manga|mecha anime]] telly series produced bi [[Gainax]] an [[Tatsunoko Production]] an directit bi [[Hideaki Anno]], an wis braidcast on [[TV Tokyo]] frae October 1995 tae Mairch 1996.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1995 anime televeesion series]]
[[Category:1996 Japanese televeesion series endins]]
[[Category:2015 in feection]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in the 2010s]]
[[Category:ADV Films]]
[[Category:Auncient astronauts in feection]]
[[Category:Animatit science feection televeesion series]]
[[Category:Anime wi oreeginal screenplays]]
[[Category:Apocalyptic anime an manga]]
[[Category:Comin-o-age anime an manga]]
[[Category:Existentialist warks]]
[[Category:Gainax]]
[[Category:Meethologie in popular cultur]]
[[Category:Madman Entertainment anime]]
[[Category:Mecha anime an manga]]
[[Category:Metafeectional televeesion series]]
[[Category:Neon Genesis Evangelion| ]]
[[Category:Science fiction anime an manga]]
[[Category:Tatsunoko Production]]
[[Category:Televeesion series set in 2015]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Toonami]]
[[Category:TV Tokyo shaws]]
[[Category:Warks aboot dysfunctional faimilies]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Clan Livingstone</title>
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      <comment>remuivin en.wiki airtin</comment>
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      <text bytes="3354" sha1="2yl3dn7y8kfi13xqsw082np7qs50pxv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox clan
| image badge = Clan member crest badge - Clan MacLea.svg
| clan name = Clan Livingstone
| chiefs crest = A demi-man representin the figur o Saint Moluag Proper, his head ensigned o circle o glory Or, haein aboot his shoulders a cloak Vert, haudin in his dexter hand the great Staff o Saint Moluag Proper an in his sinister hand a cross crosslet fitchée Azure.&lt;ref name=&quot;clanmclea.co.uk--Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest.htm|title=Clan Crest|access-date=2007-05-11|website=clanmclea.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928090503/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chiefs motto = ''NI MI E MA'S URRAIN DHOMH''&lt;ref name=&quot;Matriculation&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Matriculation.htm|title=Matriculation|access-date=2008-03-04|website=clanmclea.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828061148/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Matriculation.htm|archive-date=28 August 2008|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chiefs slogan = ''CNOC AINGEIL''&lt;ref name=&quot;clanmclea.co.uk--Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest&quot;/&gt;
| district = [[Argyll]]
| origins = 
| gaelic names = ''Mac Dhunnshleibhe'' and ''Mac an Léigh''
| image arms = Arms of Livingstone of Bachuil.svg
| plant badge = [[Grass of Parnassus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;badge&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Warrant.htm|title=Clan Livingstone Warrant|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=13 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928091006/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Warrant.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| pipe music = 
| chiefs name = The Much Hon. Niall Livingstone o Bachuil&lt;ref name=&quot;chief&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Chief.htm|title=The Chief of Clan Livingstone|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=12 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828061330/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Chief.htm|archive-date=28 August 2008|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chiefs title = [[Baron o the Bachuil]]&lt;ref name=&quot;chief&quot;/&gt; By The Grace of God
| chiefs gaelic title = 
| seat = Bachuil, [[Isle o Lismore]]
}}
'''Clan Livingstone''', kent '''Clan MacLea''' an aw, is a [[Scots Hielands|Hieland]] [[Scots clan]], whit wis traditionally locatit in the deestrict o [[Dál Riata|Lorn]] in [[Argyll]], [[Scotland]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LivingstoneMacLea&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt; an is seatit on the [[Isle of Lismore|Isle o Lismore]].

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

== External links ==
* http://www.clanmclea.co.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513000148/http://clanmclea.co.uk/ |date=2013-05-13 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051018045217/http://www.macleay.cncfamily.com/account_of_mclea.htm An Account of the Name of McLea]
* [http://www.familytreedna.com/public/livingston_maclea_dna/ Livingston/MacLea/Boggs Surname DNA Project]
* [http://users.skynet.be/lancaster/Discussion%20Maclea.htm The Livingston/Maclea/Boggs DNA Surname Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908215344/http://users.skynet.be/lancaster/Discussion%20Maclea.htm |date=2018-09-08 }}
* [http://www.clanlivingstone.com/LateChief.htm The late Chief holding the Bachuil Mor]

{{Scots clans}}
[[Category:Scots clans|Livingstone]]
{{Stub/Clans}}</text>
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      <comment>added templates</comment>
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      <text bytes="478" sha1="dxba368tfe5eqneac4iy0lwa50mzpcd" xml:space="preserve">[In Inglis] Hi everyone. My name is Kirsty and I have lived in Scotland since October 2021. I am one of those strange English speaking folks who can read Scots but not speak it, although I do use occasional words in my speech to ensure my children understand what they are. I am happy to support Scots Wiki where I can by doing non-Scots speaking tasks and spreading the word to others who actually speak the language!{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}{{Template:Uiser WikiBrounie}}</text>
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      <comment>fixed templates</comment>
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      <text bytes="837" sha1="5m7cta0jmu54renou89enbvxc8xdv1y" xml:space="preserve">[In Inglis] Hi everyone. My name is Kirsty and I have lived in Scotland since October 2021. I am one of those strange English speaking folks who can read Scots but not speak it, although I do use occasional words in my speech to ensure my children understand what they are. I am happy to support Scots Wiki where I can by doing non-Scots speaking tasks and spreading the word to others who actually speak the language!
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    <title>Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite</title>
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      <comment>/* Parteecipants */ add meself to leet</comment>
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      <text bytes="3494" sha1="o96evv84qudz43jihcizshvonxog8sg" xml:space="preserve">{{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}}
{{WikiProject status|sc1=WP:BWR}}
The Big Scots Rewirte is a projeck stairtit in 2020 as a response tae controversies surroondin the scrievins thit war on the Wiki at the time, whaur it wis revealed thit maist o the Wiki wis scrieved bi fowk no native in the leid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I’ve discovered that almost every single article on the Scots version of Wikipedia is written by the same person - an American teenager who can’t speak Scots|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Scotland/comments/ig9jia/ive_discovered_that_almost_every_single_article/|access-date=2021-10-10|website=reddit|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. A few day follaein thae events, an editathon wis pit up tae help sort oot the Wikipedia.

== Aboot Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles. Oor oreeginal goal wis tae help oot the steid's admins wi thair Scots. Sin then, the admins hae demittit or gane inactive, wi Scots spikkin admins bein eleckit tae owersee the steid.

See gin yese hiv onyhing tae ask efterwirds, we'v a Discord channel appen fur quaistens, whaur we'll hiv fowk thit kin gie yese a haun. We'v pit thegither a list o some o the airticle thit ur needin sortin oot. - it's no complete, an see gin yese hiv ony tae pit in, yese kin dae.

Yese kin help oot bi daein hings like makkin categories, wikilinks, an picturs tae pages thit hivnae got ony. 'Mon lat's mak 'e Scots Wikipedia better!

We'r invítin fowk in tae gie ae haun, but we ken thit thare's a muckle wirk tae be duin. We'r wantin fur yersel tae gie ae haun in becomin orgindar editors on 'e Scots Wiki, an tae come back an dae mair edits.

See in ye'r no ower confident wi yer Scots, thare's a free 10 oor coorse thit's been pit thegither [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO7FYItwawDAH3_CCDGFjhQ here.]

Scots Wikipedia admins an ordinar contríbutors ur walcome tae jyne in an aw, an lear fae natives an fluent spikkers, thay're juist as important as the wiki hitsel!

== Whit we dae ==

; Wir Goals
* Sort oot aw the airticles on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Fixscots|Leet o airticles - Fix Scots]], [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that's mither tongue isna Scots]] an [[:Category:Stubs]]
* Pit in airticles specirfied bi [[Wikipedia:Leet o airticles that aa Wikipedias shuid hae]]
* Encourage fowk tae scrieve in Scots mair an tae impruive on thair literacy
* Git mair fowk chyngin an sortin oot the Wiki mair regular-like

; Structur
We host an editathon ivery month or twa, uisually themed aroond a certain topic. These events tak place ower 2 day, uiusually at a weekend, whaur we hiv onwab meetins whaur we dae collaborative chyngin, drap in sessions whaur fowk kin speir fur a haund wi an airticle thay'r sortin oot, an hiv tawks fae notable Scots personalities.

[[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Editathons|Past events here]]

== Parteecipants ==

* [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] - Founder an Co-organiser
* [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]] - Organiser
* [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|Ciphrius Kane]] - Co-organiser &amp; Wiki Admin
* Michael Dempster
* [[Uiser:Drkirstyross| drkirstyross]] - keen WikiBraunie

==Uiserbox==

{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}

 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/node/id/1134| Scots Warks: Support and Guidance for writing]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Template:The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>o96evv84qudz43jihcizshvonxog8sg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921800</id>
      <parentid>921799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T09:04:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Parteecipants */</comment>
      <origin>921800</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3494" sha1="c2rtje81a7pvb8fove9k10hzo5xz0p2" xml:space="preserve">{{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}}
{{WikiProject status|sc1=WP:BWR}}
The Big Scots Rewirte is a projeck stairtit in 2020 as a response tae controversies surroondin the scrievins thit war on the Wiki at the time, whaur it wis revealed thit maist o the Wiki wis scrieved bi fowk no native in the leid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I’ve discovered that almost every single article on the Scots version of Wikipedia is written by the same person - an American teenager who can’t speak Scots|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Scotland/comments/ig9jia/ive_discovered_that_almost_every_single_article/|access-date=2021-10-10|website=reddit|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. A few day follaein thae events, an editathon wis pit up tae help sort oot the Wikipedia.

== Aboot Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles. Oor oreeginal goal wis tae help oot the steid's admins wi thair Scots. Sin then, the admins hae demittit or gane inactive, wi Scots spikkin admins bein eleckit tae owersee the steid.

See gin yese hiv onyhing tae ask efterwirds, we'v a Discord channel appen fur quaistens, whaur we'll hiv fowk thit kin gie yese a haun. We'v pit thegither a list o some o the airticle thit ur needin sortin oot. - it's no complete, an see gin yese hiv ony tae pit in, yese kin dae.

Yese kin help oot bi daein hings like makkin categories, wikilinks, an picturs tae pages thit hivnae got ony. 'Mon lat's mak 'e Scots Wikipedia better!

We'r invítin fowk in tae gie ae haun, but we ken thit thare's a muckle wirk tae be duin. We'r wantin fur yersel tae gie ae haun in becomin orgindar editors on 'e Scots Wiki, an tae come back an dae mair edits.

See in ye'r no ower confident wi yer Scots, thare's a free 10 oor coorse thit's been pit thegither [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO7FYItwawDAH3_CCDGFjhQ here.]

Scots Wikipedia admins an ordinar contríbutors ur walcome tae jyne in an aw, an lear fae natives an fluent spikkers, thay're juist as important as the wiki hitsel!

== Whit we dae ==

; Wir Goals
* Sort oot aw the airticles on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Fixscots|Leet o airticles - Fix Scots]], [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that's mither tongue isna Scots]] an [[:Category:Stubs]]
* Pit in airticles specirfied bi [[Wikipedia:Leet o airticles that aa Wikipedias shuid hae]]
* Encourage fowk tae scrieve in Scots mair an tae impruive on thair literacy
* Git mair fowk chyngin an sortin oot the Wiki mair regular-like

; Structur
We host an editathon ivery month or twa, uisually themed aroond a certain topic. These events tak place ower 2 day, uiusually at a weekend, whaur we hiv onwab meetins whaur we dae collaborative chyngin, drap in sessions whaur fowk kin speir fur a haund wi an airticle thay'r sortin oot, an hiv tawks fae notable Scots personalities.

[[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Editathons|Past events here]]

== Parteecipants ==

* [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] - Founder an Co-organiser
* [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]] - Organiser
* [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|Ciphrius Kane]] - Co-organiser &amp; Wiki Admin
* Michael Dempster
* [[Uiser:Drkirstyross| drkirstyross]] - keen WikiBrounie

==Uiserbox==

{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}

 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/node/id/1134| Scots Warks: Support and Guidance for writing]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Template:The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>c2rtje81a7pvb8fove9k10hzo5xz0p2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>232103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921705</id>
      <parentid>919928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T23:19:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MABot</username>
        <id>35091</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Archivin 1 thread fae [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross]]</comment>
      <origin>921705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="151893" sha1="igv4jgp8c2vc4m1dybksv6l49pzs102" xml:space="preserve">

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Julie 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 August 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 23:19, 22 August 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 September 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27183190 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:14, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Celtic Knot Conference, 25–27 September: programme announcement ==

Hello everyone,

On behalf of the Celtic Knot organising team, I'm excited to announce that the programme is now [[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|available to view on Meta-Wiki]].

Explore the diverse range of sessions, workshops, and cultural events that will bring together language enthusiasts, Wikimedians, and community leaders from around the world.

Whether you're interested in language preservation, digital tools for minority languages, or simply connecting with like-minded individuals, there's something for everyone.

And there will be more programme updates including satellite events. We have some additional sessions in store that you won't want to miss.

[[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|Check out the program now and start planning your conference experience]].

As a reminder, if you plan to join the conference onsite or online, don't forget to [https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/2024-celtic-knot-wikimedia-language-conference-25-27-september-tickets-920884589597?aff=oddtdtcreator register on Eventbrite]. [[Uiser:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|Richard Nevell (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:16, 10 September 2024 (UTC)
== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

*Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|sco}}.
*If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

*Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 18:56, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 October 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== Deployment of Dark mode in Scots Wikipedia ==

Hello Scots Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

We are happy to announce that the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] have deployed [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on Scots Wikipedia! This was possible because pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations!

This was only possible due to the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who have made sure that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody!

For context, we would like to add that the Web team's work on dark mode has concluded. If on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month.

If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create this page: &lt;code&gt;Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/sco.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt; in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page.

Thank you!

On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 01:42, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
== Wikimedian of the Year Awards - Call for Nominations Now Open ==

Hello everyone, We are excited to announce that nominations are open for the 2024 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards. We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have been involved with Wikimedia UK's efforts to advance open knowledge in 2023/24. The categories for this year are:

* UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual)
* Partnership of the Year (Organisation)
* Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual)

We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2023/24. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment. Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the Community Celebration on Saturday 23rd November 2024. [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-2024-nominations-open/ Read more and nominate]

13:48, 10 October 2024 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 October 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Scots Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Scots Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Scots Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 9th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2024 (UTC)
== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Winter 2024 Writin Drive ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki!  25 Nov - 1 Dec, Zoom sessions 25 &amp; 28 Nov.  The theme is Scots &amp; Irish Social Venues &amp; Events.  [[Wikipedia:Winter 2024 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:01, 18 November 2024 (UTC)
== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Featurt Pictur ==

Am wantin tae gie a haun wi pittin on the featurt pictur fur the front page. Are thare ony guidelines a hiv tae abide bi an whaur coud a fun eemages tae pit on? Is thare a candidate leet?

-[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 20:00, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
:Jist summat aat ye hink leuks gweed.  A'd ask aat ye pick summat aat haes ae hauf decent airticle on here, wid raither nae hae reid airtins on the front page (he seys, ignorin the twa reid templates on the front page).  Anither hing, we kin prolly dae awa wi the OTD section.  Naebidy wints ti maintain it an it's mair ae hudower fae blindly copyin enwiki [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:09, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
::A’d comment it oot until we kin fun someb'dy thit is willin tae wirk on it. -[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 02:31, 26 November 2024 (UTC)
::One way to make &quot;on this day&quot; easier is to use the day of the year pages, and the &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag.  I've done this quickly for 14 December.  I could potentially do all the days of the year, maybe includin just those entries which have no red links apart from years.  [[Uiser:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Uiser collogue:Rich Farmbrough|tauk]])

== My Sincerest Thanks ==

I apologize for not writing this in the commonly used dialect, but I find I am incapable of it. That's besides my point. I am (or at least consider myself to be) a rookie Voice Actor, and have to learn a variety of accents to accommodate different voices. The way this site is written has helped me greatly by visualizing the pronunciation of the Scottish accent, and has actually landed me a potential job.

Thanks, - [[Uiser:Shovel Shenanigans|Shovel Shenanigans]] ([[Uiser collogue:Shovel Shenanigans|tauk]]) 01:50, 15 December 2024 (UTC)
== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Januar 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Januar 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Februar writin drive - 3-9 Februar ==

{{en}} Afternoon folks, a wee reminder that the next Writin Drive takes place next week (3-9th), with Zoom sessions taking place Monday 3 &amp; Thursday 6.  Edit any time during the week and sign up for the Dashboard to log your edits!  We're focussing again on articles with the &quot;Fix Scots&quot; tab. [[Wikipedia:Februar 2025 Writin Drive||Mair info &amp; sign up here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:57, 27 Januar 2025 (UTC)
== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC)
== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Februar 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Temporar adminship fur Pigsonthewing ==

A'm requestin aat [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing]] be gien temporar (1 month) adminship here.  Pigsonthewing is ae admin on Wikispecies sae haes experience wi the tuils an haes been helpin wi coontervandalism here durin ma absence (taggin spam an makkin uiss o rowback tuils), an haein the fu reeng o tuils wid help them deal wi spam an vandalism an mak siccart aat scowiki disna gang unner whiles a'm gane [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)

'''Comment''' - A'm pittin iss here insteid ae at [[WP:RFA]] as iss is meant as a temporar caretakkin meisur raither nor ae lang term prospeck [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)

:'''Aye''' (en) I know @[[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] through my paid work wearing my @[[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] hat; supporting as a volunteer. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 10:08, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)
: Thank you. Confirming I'm happy to serve in this role. [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] ([[Uiser collogue:Pigsonthewing|tauk]]) 10:22, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)
: '''Support''' [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 20:29, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Februar 2025 (UTC)
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== Mairch Writin Drive - 24-30 Mairch ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 24-30 Mairch!

Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template. 

Zooms - 24 &amp; 27 Mairch, 6-8pm UTC. 

Mair info [[Wikipedia:Mairch 2025 Writin Drive|here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:23, 25 Februar 2025 (UTC)
== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Mairch 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 Mairch 2025 (UTC)
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== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

*Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|sco}}.
*If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

*Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 Mairch 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== Mey-Juin Writin Drive - 26 Mey - 1 Juin ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 26 Mey - 1 Juin! 

Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template.

Zooms - 27 &amp; 29 Mey, 6-8pm UTC+1 (BST)

[[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:34, 15 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:03, 28 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Apryle 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Celtic Knot 2025 survey ==

{{en}} Sorry not to be able to send this in Scots - message below in Welsh and English.

(Gweler isod ar gyfer y Gymraeg)

We are planning an online community meeting later this year for [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024|Celtic Knot]] (a conference celebrating minority languages). We would love to hear from you what you would like to see.

We have created a small questionnaire to find out what was successful at Celtic Knot 2024 and what you would like to see this year. The survey is open to people who attended the conference last year and people who are interested in coming to an online community meeting this year. To participate, go to https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog. The survey is also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog Welsh] or [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScN6IBXfAUowjhQ4Uc6-_SZXUMJ9Mtp-iUgX5thg8bPHOGA-A/viewform?usp=dialog Irish].

(See above for English)

Rydym gynllunio ar gyfer cyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein yn ddiweddarach eleni ar gyfer [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024/cy|Celtic Knot]] (cynhadledd sy’n dathlu ieithoedd lleiafrifol). Byddem wrth ein bodd yn dysgu oddi wrthych beth hoffech chi ei weld.

Rydym wedi creu holiadur bach i ddysgu beth roedd yn llwyddiannus yn Celtic Knot 2024 a beth hoffech chi weld eleni. Mae’r arolwg yn agor i bobol sydd wedi mynychu’r gynhadledd llynedd a phobl gyda diddordeb am ddod i gyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein eleni. I gymryd rhan, ewch i https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:56, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC)

:The above survey will close on the '''15th May.''' The survey is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Welsh] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Irish] however if for any reason the survey isn't accessible for you, you are very welcome to email me (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) to share your thoughts or discuss more accessible ways to have your say. 
:Mae'r holiadur uchod yn cau ar y 15fed Mai. Mae'r holiadur yn ar gael yn [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog Saesneg], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Cymraeg] a [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Gwyddelig] ond os mae'r holiadur ddim yn hygyrch amdanoch chi am unrhyw reswm, mae croeso mawr i chi anfon e-bost i fi (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) i rannu eich barn neu drafod am ffyrdd well i chi cael eich dweud. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:13, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|Collogue]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Mey 2025 (UTC)
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== Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki!  26 Mey - 1 Juin - mair info - [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]]

Thare ur '''2450''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1480''' (25 Mairch 2025) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:41, 21 Mey 2025 (UTC)
== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Mey 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 03:08, 28 Mey 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|Collogue]]) 16:47, 29 Mey 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juin 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:44, 17 Juin 2025 (UTC)
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== Adminship votin open ==

{{en}} Wee note to say that there's an RfA (request for adminship) now open here: [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 09:57, 25 Juin 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juin 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:45, 14 Julie 2025 (UTC)
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== (en) Wiki Loves Monuments help needed.. ==

Hey folks, Sara here.  Turns out that we could offer a Scots interface for the new Wiki Loves Monuments app if we can offer the translations - I'd LOVE for us to be able to do this, but I know fine well that I don't have the skills to do it myself.  Wondering if anyone here might be interested in helping out?  

There's 142 items, ranging from single words to longer sentences, with a lot being short phrases (2-6 ish words long).  Hoping that maybe if a few folks pitch in, that it wouldn't be too big a job...?  If folks are interested, please do drop me a wee email and I could share the spreadsheet - sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:41, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== (en) Wikimedia UK Sandbox Sessions ==

Just a wee note to let folks know about some events we've got coming up that might be of interest - [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/08/community-sandbox-events/ Wikimedia UK Sandbox Sessions.&quot;]  They're volunteer-led events supported by Wikimedia UK - the first is on using a Wikidata tool called Duplicity, to create missing Wikidata items from Wikipedia, and the next is on How to edit calmly in controversial areas.  There's one more announced at the moment, and two still to come!  Should be good - hope to see some folks there :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:13, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
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== (en) Celtic Knot Online Gathering this September ==

{{en}} 
Hi, I'd just like to let you know about the &quot;Celtic Knot&quot; online gathering that's happening on the 23rd September 2025. The gathering is an opportunity for editors who edit in different languages, especially Celtic and minoritised languages, to connect and learn from each other. 

More information and registration is [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2025/Programme|here]]. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:02, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
== Volunteer role: Scots Wiki community support ==

{{en}} Since 2020, Wikimedia UK has been supporting the Scots Wiki community with a series of editathons / writing drives.  We’re currently looking for a new volunteer to help add some capacity in this area of work, as the existing volunteer is stepping down, after five years of greatly-appreciated work.  Ideally this person would be a Scots speaker / writer who’s got some Wiki skills, but we’re aware that that’s a small group of people!  If you’re a Scots speaker / writer, we’re very happy to teach Wiki skills, and we’re open to exploring how this might work if you’ve got the requisite Wiki skills, and are interested in learning more about the Scots language.  

We estimate that this role would take around 1-2 hours per week, plus time spent in Zoom sessions (up to now, 2 x 2 hour sessions per writing drive).  Writing Drives take place around every 2 months and are currently attended by a small but regular group of editors.  You can see the progress we’ve made over the years on the [[wmfdashboard:campaigns/scots_wiki/programs|Dashboards here.]]

You’d be working mainly with [[user:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]], (Programme Manager at Wikimedia UK), and so duties can be divided, but this role would/could involve:

* Creating &amp; updating on-wiki event pages [[Wikipedia:Julie-August 2025 Writin Drive|like this]]
** Deciding on themes
** Creating worklists (manually, or using [https://petscan.wmcloud.org/ PetScan] or Wikidata)
** Using the Event Registration tool to [[metawiki:Event:Scots_Wiki_Writin_Drive_Julie_29.07.25|create registration pages like this]] 
* Updating [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|the project page]] with events &amp; outputs
* Creating Event [[wmfdashboard:|Dashboards]]
* Advertising the events
** On-wiki posts
** Off-wiki locations like Facebook, Discord, and the WMUK Scotwiki mailing list
** Researching &amp; reaching out to other places in which to advertise
* Hosting or co-hosting the regular zoom sessions which form part of the Writing Drives
** Wikimedia UK Zoom can be used!
* Contributing to / leading on new ideas for events &amp; campaigns

'''What we can offer:''' 

As well as training in Wiki-skills should you not already have these, and support and regular contact with the Wikimedia UK team, we are also interested in offering a scholarship to a relevant conference to present about the work and to help support future work.  

'''How to apply:'''

Please contact [mailto:sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk] outlining your relevant skills and experience, and we’ll set up a chat.

Cheers! :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:46, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

*Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sco}}.
*If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

*Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Campaign Events extension ==

{{en}} Hi folks.  Posting here with my WMUK staff hat on, but I also do editing with my volunteer account [[user:lirazelf]].  I'm using my staff account for this as it would be mostly in my staff capacity that I'd be using this extension, so seemed best for transparency.  I'd like to propose that the community consider enabling the Campaign Events extension for the wiki - details here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents.  

I'm currently using the deployment on meta for events for Scots wiki - (example [[m:Event:Scots Wiki Writin Drive Mey 29.05.25|here]], linking to pages like [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]].  The extension lets you create Event Registration pages on the wiki (so no need to use Eventbrite or other off-wiki tool), message participants through their email (good for sending zoom links, updates etc), which is really useful!  There's also other features like the collaboration list, which I reckon could be positive for developing community here, but that could only happen if the extension is enabled on this wiki.  

As well as metawiki, I use the tool on en.wiki and wikidata, for community training events, and international collaboration events, and I'm a fan - I hope that others would be able to use it here too.  

First step to enabling the extension (it's available for all Wikipedias) is to gather consensus (as per this page: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status) - so starting that off :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:16, 9 September 2025 (UTC)

* '''Ay''' - dinna see ony skaith in pittin iss ti eese [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:23, 16 September 2025 (UTC)
*:{{en}} Update to this - there's a plan to make the right to use this automatic for autoconfirmed users for small &amp; medium wikis which have the extension enabled.[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Proposal_to_grant_autoconfirmed_users_on_small_and_medium_wikis_the_organizer_access_to_the_event_registration_tool see here for more info.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:12, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt;  19:49, 2 October 2025 (UTC)
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== {{en}} WMUK Wikimedian of the Year Awards 2025 ==

Hi folks!  We are excited to announce that '''nominations are open for the 2025 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards.''' 

We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have contributed toward advancing open knowledge in 2024/25.

The categories for this year are:

* UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual)
* Partnership of the Year (Organisation)
* Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual)

We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2024/25. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment.  

Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the '''Community Celebration on Saturday 15th November 2025''' (Save the date, we'd love to see you there!).

You can read about [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/12/2024-uk-wikimedian-year-awards/ last year's winners here.] 

You can submit two nominations per category. Use [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScVy7AmH0qRRZmQ-QHtYKKCBZY0O40JZN9MWl8Xu7-oqK1-fg/viewform this Google Form] to submit your nominations. Nominations close on '''22nd October.''' [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:30, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 04:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
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== {{en}} Join Us for Wikimedia UK’s Online Community Celebration – 15 November 2025 ==

We’re delighted to invite you to '''Wikimedia UK’s Online Community Celebration''', taking place on '''Saturday 15 November, from 11am to 1pm'''.

This online gathering will celebrate the achievements of our incredible community over the past year, recognise outstanding contributions through the '''UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards''', and showcase inspiring projects from across the UK through a series of '''lightning talks'''.

Over the past month, we’ve reached out to community members for talk proposals, and we’re thrilled with the lineup we now have! So much remarkable work happens behind the scenes in our movement, and this event is a chance to shine a light on those efforts and celebrate them together.

Following the lightning talks, we’ll present the '''annual UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards'''. You can find out more about the awards [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-call-for-nominations/ here]. Nominations are open until '''22 October.'''

This celebration is '''open to everyone''', both Wikimedia UK members and anyone interested in learning more about Wikimedia’s work in the UK and getting involved.

Tickets are free, the event will be held on Zoom, and you can reserve your tickets now through [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-wikimedia-uk-2025-community-celebration-tickets-1775880058059?aff=oddtdtcreator&amp;_gl=1%2Ap0azzm%2A_up%2AMQ..%2A_ga%2ANDA4MzAyNzQ0LjE3NTk3NDk4NTQ.%2A_ga_TQVES5V6SH%2AczE3NTk3NDk4NTMkbzEkZzAkdDE3NTk3NDk4NTMkajYwJGwwJGgw#search Eventbrite.]

We can’t wait to celebrate with you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:53, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 October 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
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== (in Inglis) Wikidata event looking for Scots speakers to take part ==

Apologies for the English language post. On the '''6th December''' there is an online “Revitalising UK history (Series 2)” event which we would like to make sure Scots speakers are aware of. 

The event builds on the success of [[metawiki:Event:Revitalizing_UK_History|''Revitalizing UK History (Series 1)'']], which enriched Wikidata entries about underrepresented UK historical figures. For series 2, the aim is to improve multilingual accessibility by adding labels and descriptions to Wikidata items in a variety of languages and we would love for the different UK languages to be represented. 

There is an online training event on '''Saturday 6th December 3pm - 5pm.''' More information and registration can be found at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:57, 26 November 2025 (UTC)
== (in Inglis) Update - Wikidata event looking for Scots speakers to take part ==

Apologies for the English language post. Before Christmas I posted about an online [[metawiki:Event:Revitalizing_UK_History 2|''Revitalizing UK History (Series 2)'']] event which we were hoping to get some Scots presence at.

Unfortunately a tech issue meant we had to postpone and the event has now been scheduled for '''Saturday 17th January (3pm to 5pm online)''' instead.

We'd LOVE to get some Wikidata items labelled in Scots as well as a range of other languages. For more information and registration head to https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2[[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:15, 7 Januar 2026 (UTC)
== Scottish Book Trust vacancy: Vacancy: Scots Language Ootreach Co-ordinator ==

No aboot Wiki but.... Scottish Book Trust &quot;are lookin for a gallus, eident Scots speaker for the role o Scots Language Ootreach Co-ordinator.&quot;  [Mair info here https://www.scottishbooktrust.com/about/vacancies/scots-language-ootreach-co-ordinator]... [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 11:33, 14 Januar 2026 (UTC)
== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januar 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
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;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

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[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
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[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 13:21, 18 Januar 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Januar 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot flag ==

Hallo! A first noticed the Scots Wikipedia aboot a year ago, while A wis in Scotland. Recently, A've stertit editin on scowiki an gettin better acquaint wi hou the wiki works. While daein thae edits, A noticed a wheen recurring maintenance issues that could be handled mair easily wi simple automation. Tae help wi thae routine, low-risk tasks, A'm proponin BZPN bot. The full description o whit the bot daes (an disnae dae), alang wi its limits an configuration, is set oot at [[User:BZPN/Bot]]. For transparency, the bot's source code is publicly available [https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot/tree/master here]. 
I'm happy tae adapt the bot’s behaviour based on community feedback. Thanks for yer time. ''Pingin @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] here for visibility, as the maist active admin on sco.wiki recently.'' [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 21:58, 30 Januar 2026 (UTC)
:Fit is the soorce fur the &quot;lexical analysis&quot;?  Pairt o the issue wi the wiki wis fur ower a tenyeir fowks wis eesin bots ti dae leiteral owersettins aat hid nae regaird fur Scots grammar, an fae the editin o yers aat a'v seen ye'v shawn the same signs an the first twa dynamic tasks leuk awfa lik it'd be daein the same hing. As fur the walcomin an non-Scots wairnin, fit een taks priority?  We'r nae aafa keen ti be walcomin vandals an fowks jist here ti &quot;correct grammar&quot; [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 09:55, 31 Januar 2026 (UTC)
::Aye, cheers for raisin thae concerns - they're quite fair. A'll switch tae English for clarity on the technical bits. About &quot;lexical analysis&quot;: there is no AI, no machine learning, and no automatic translation involved '''at all'''. The &quot;lexical analysis&quot; is strictly dictionary-based: the bot compares tokens against a static wordlist (e.g. ''dictionary.txt''), which is part of the [https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot public source code] (which I will update soon because I am constantly improving it). Based on these wordlists, the bot assesses whether the article is en-only, en-heavy or Scots.  Anyone is free to inspect it, suggest changes, or improve it. If the dictionary is wrong, the bot is wrong - nothing is hidden or heuristic. Regarding dynamic tasks, I'm very aware of problems with literal grammar/typo  (&quot;Scotsification&quot;) bots. That's exactly why my bot does '''not''' generate Scots, does '''not''' rewrite sentences, and it does '''not''' apply replacements unless they are explicitly and manually approved. All word and header replacements live in [[User:BZPN/Whitelist.json]] and ''only'' run if the entry is explicitly listed, the match conditions are exact and the community has agreed to add it. No whitelist entry = no change. Welcomes on the other hand are only triggered after a first constructive content edit. The bot detects whether a user's first edit is a vandalism (e.g. has vulgarisms, blanking, special characters, etc.), and based on this, either welcomes the user or ignores them (because the BZPN bot is not an anti-vandal bot, so it doesn't revert edits). If the first edit is in English, the bot assumes GF and inserts both a welcome and a warning. In short: the bot is deliberately conservative, transparent, and designed to avoid repeating the mistakes of earlier bots. If there are specific safeguards you’d want added, I’m happy to discuss and adjust them. Ta again for the questions. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 13:35, 31 Januar 2026 (UTC)
:::An fit's the soorce o the initial whitelist?  Is it the DSL, the OSD, the Luath Learner?  Nae ivery dictionair oot there is o the same quality [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:35, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::::Aye, A think there's still a wee bit o confusion here, sae A'll spell it oot as plainly as a can. The dictionary an the whitelist are twa completely separate things. Dictionary ([https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot/blob/master/dictionary.txt dictionary.txt]) is a static, read-only wordlist that the bot uses '''only''' for classification. It disnae replace words, disnae rewrite text, disnae touch grammar. It simply checks if tokens in an article exists in the Scots wordlist, tae judge whether the text is en-only, en-heavy, or Scots. That's it. Example: &lt;code&gt;fowk = people&lt;/code&gt;.
::::The dictionary wis originally built by me manually, by readin an checkin existin articles on scowiki, an collectin words actually used thair. It's no tied tae ony single published dictionary. It is fully configurable, an can be adapted tae ony variety or orthography o Scots that the community decides it want tae reflect. If a word isnae in the dictionary, the bot just treats it as non-Scots. Nae substitution ''ever'' happens here. Whitelist on the other hand is a separate, optional mechanism for explicitly approved replacements only. If an entry isnae on the whitelist, the bot will '''never''' mak a change. The dictionary is not consulted at aw for whitelist actions. The goal o the whitelist is simple: standardisation, '''not translation'''. It exists tae ensure consistent, agreed-upon terminology for technical an structural elements o the wiki - no for content text. For example, the whitelist micht include fixed headers like ''&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;==See also==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; → &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;==See forbye==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;''. This isnae aboot stylistic preference or inventin Scots; it's aboot avoidin a mix o English an Scots in standard interface-like headers. Thae replacements are predictable, limited in scope, an identical every time. Nae whitelist entry = nae change. Nae community agreement = nae entry. The whitelist disnae interact wi the dictionary at aw, an it disnae apply tae article prose. It's a controlled tool for consistency, nae mair. Sae tae be absolutely clear: '''the bot never automatically converts English tae Scots'''. As for sources: baith the dictionary an the whitelist are open, public, an editable via the GitHub repository. Onybody is welcome tae review, challenge, improve, or propose changes. If the dictionary is wrang, the bot’s wrang - an that's precisely why it is transparent. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 08:20, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:::::Okay, sae it's biggit manually, aat wis aa a wis wintin ti ken. Wid the bot be able ti check/compare page history as weel gif it fins a airticle aat's maistlins Inglis?  Gif it canna aat's fair eneuch, kin aye dae it manually insteid.  A leukit inti haein a bot ti coonterack the constant Inglifyin o airticles fur a while sae a'm nae oppont ti iss [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:53, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::::::Aye, that's the kind o thing a meant. The bot could be extended tae generate reports only - listin airticles that are maistly English based on the existin dictionary check, limited tae e.g. ae report per day wi aboot 50 pages, an excluding ony that already hae &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fix Scots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{No Scots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;; gif that soonds useful, gie me till the end o the week an A'll prototype it sae ye can see exactly hou it behaves, an gif no, that's fair eneuch an it can be left at that. Thank ye. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 10:13, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]: the bot is ready fur initial testin. A've implemented the report feature tae [[Uiser:BZPN/Language report|list airticles]] that are maistly English. It's worth mentionin that the bot can make mistakes, but only errors would be due tae missing words in the dictionary or airticles wi irregular header names/wikitext issues. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 13:42, 7 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::A'v seen the testin an the latest roond o reports wis mair accurate nor it wis at furst an fand a heap ae historical vandalism as weel, sae a'm happy fur it ti keep makkin the reports.  Nae seein ony issue wi lettin the bot dae a trial rin fur the ither tasks as weel [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:32, 8 Februar 2026 (UTC)
@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]: thanks for the feedback an for monitorin the reports. The bot has nou completed a [[Uiser:ScotsBot/Trial results|4-day supervised test period]]. A'm pleased tae say the behaviour wis stable an predictable. There were nae significant mistakes during the test period. Based on observations from recent chynges (i.e. vandalism), A've slightly refined the detection filters tae reduce false positives. The recent reports hae already been used by the bot for maintenance taggin. As clarified earlier, ony classification errors can only stem frae missing entries in the static dictionary or irregular wikitext/header structures. Unless there are objections, A intend tae request a permanent bot flag on Meta based on this test period. Of course, A remain happy tae adjust thresholds or safeguards if the community feels it necessary. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 11:14, 12 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|BZPN}} A thocht ye seyed it widna be daein owersettins, sae foo come a'm seein bot-lik owersettins in recent changes? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:51, 13 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::Aye, thae edits are '''nae''' connected tae the bot at aw. They come fae ma personal on-wiki gadget: [[Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck]], which A put thegither yestreen for ma workflow. It isnae a bot task, an it disnae rin automatically. It disnae translate onything. It simply gies me a popup interface tae apply manual whitelist entries, instead o typin or copyin them by haund in the code. Ye're welcome tae read the '''[[Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck|description]]''' an test it yersel if ye like :). Also, the bot itsel has been inactive for twa days nou, waitin for the flag. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 23:59, 13 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:::Except the whitelist isna appruived yet an seems gey seemlir ti fit fowks wis daein last tenyeir.  Fir exemple it seys aat &quot;ay&quot; means &quot;always&quot;, except iss is wrang, an seys aat the Scots fur based is &quot;basit&quot;, excep basit means summat else entirely, amang ither hings. An kin ye explain the block on enwiki? A shid hae chackit aat afore giein appruival [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:08, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC)
'''Nae duin''' - BZPN his decidit ti lea the wiki [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uiser_collogue:CiphriusKane&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=913598 ] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:01, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC)
== {{en}} Wiki Loves Folklore running until 31st March ==

{{en}} Apologies for the English message. If there are keen photographers here, I just wanted to let you know about [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Scotland Wiki Loves Folklore]. Wiki Loves Folklore is a photographic competition that celebrates our intangible cultural heritage. So if you have photos of a festival, a dance, a traditional food or anything else relating to Scotland's cultural heritage, you can upload them through the link above.

All 4 nations of the UK are taking part so if you have pics from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Wales Wales], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_England England] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Ireland Northern Ireland] (organised by Wikimedia Community Ireland), we'd love those too! You can upload them through the relevant nation pages (follow the links from the name above) [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:07, 25 Februar 2026 (UTC)
== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:11, 3 Apryle 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 00:58, 26 Apryle 2026 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Earth! ==

{{en}} Hi folks - Just a wee note to let you know that '''Wiki Loves Earth''' is currently ongoing, running from 1 May - 30 June this year.  It's an international photo competition that looks to capture images of protected natural areas across the world, including their flora and fauna.  You can find out more about the competition, and how to take part, [[:Commons:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2026 in Scotland|over on Commmons.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:49, 19 Mey 2026 (UTC)
== Writin Drive August 2026 ==

{{en}} Join us for the August 2026 Writin Drive - we're celebrating 6 years of these events, and it will be the last one we do for a while.  We're holding 2 x zoom sessions - one on Monday 17 August and another on Thursday 20 August, or you can edit any time during the week!  Mair info [[Wikipedia:August 2026 Writin Drive|and sign up details here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:41, 20 Mey 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>igv4jgp8c2vc4m1dybksv6l49pzs102</sha1>
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      <comment>Replacin' Logo_Befast_Telegraph.svg wi' [[File:Logo_Belfast_Telegraph.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] coz: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · typo).</comment>
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      <text bytes="10933" sha1="ld6wlvmduvkj3xstg6gp00of719oyfr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox newspaper
 | name              = Belfast Telegraph
 | image             = Logo Belfast Telegraph.svg
 | type              = Daily [[newspaper]] (except Sundays)
 | format            = [[Compack (newspaper)|Compack]]
 | owners            = [[Mediahuis Ireland]]
 | founder           = {{ubl|William Baird|George Baird}}
 | editor            = Martin Breen &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Linford|first=Paul|date=2025-12-17|title=Regional daily editor steps down after six years in post|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2025/news/regional-daily-editor-steps-down-after-six-years-in-post/|work=Hold the Front Page}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | language          = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
 | headquarters      = Belfast Telegraph House &lt;br /&gt; 33 Clarendon Road &lt;br /&gt; [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland
 | oclc              = 37380368
 | website           = {{URL|belfasttelegraph.co.uk}}
 | sister newspapers = [[Sunday Life (newspaper)|''Sunday Life'']]
 | political         = [[Breetish unionism]]
 | ISSN              = 0307-5664 
 | foundation        = 1870
}}
[[File:Belfast Telegraph, July 2010 (01).JPG|thumb|Aulder ''Belfast Telegraph'' offices, Julie 2010]]
The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2026-05-11|title=Introducing: Our new 156-year Belfast Telegraph newspaper archives show how we told the stories that shaped NI|language=en-GB|work=Belfast Telegraph|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/from-the-archive/introducing-our-new-156-year-belfast-telegraph-newspaper-archives-show-how-we-told-the-stories-that-shaped-ni/a/151384113.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt; as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Slattery|first=Laura|date=2020-04-24|title=Eoin Brannigan appointed new editor-in-chief of Belfast Telegraph|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/media-and-marketing/eoin-brannigan-appointed-new-editor-in-chief-of-belfast-telegraph-1.4236946|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Reflectin its [[Unionism in Ireland|unionist]] tradeetion, the paper haes historically been &quot;favoured bi the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] population&quot;, whiles forby bein read athin [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] [[Erse naitionalism|naitionalist]] commonties in Northren Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Belfast Telegraph|language=en|work=VoxEurop.eu|url=https://voxeurop.eu/en/content/source-profile/113911-belfast-telegraph|access-date=2026-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dyson|first=Steve|date=2015-04-23|title=Dyson at Large: Religion drives UK's biggest regional print market|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2015/news/dyson-at-large-religion-drives-uks-biggest-regional-print/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=Hold the Front Page|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gosling|first=Paul|title=Belfast's Newcomers|url=http://www.globaljournalist.org/magazine/2005-2/belfast.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=Global Journalist}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Awned bi [[Mediahuis Ireland|Independent News and Media]] (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2000-03-17|title=Independent News and Media acquire the Belfast Telegraph|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2000/0317/6086-telegraph/|journal=rte.ie|language=en|access-date=2026-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi [[Mediahuis Ireland]] in 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-07-31|title=Belfast Telegraph parent group INM sold to Belgian firm|language=en-GB|work=bbc.com|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-49181394|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''[[Irish Independent]]'', the ''[[Sunday Independent (Ireland)|Sunday Independent]]'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://www.mediahuis.ie/about-us/history|access-date=2026-07-18|website=Mediahuis Ireland|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers &quot;reakit&quot; daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis &quot;reakin 143,311 reader&quot; per day.

== History ==
The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the [[Franco-Prussian War]] an local news.

The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the &quot;Sixth Late&quot;, an &quot;Sixth Late Tele&quot; wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in [[Bilfawst Ceety Centre|Bilfawst ceety centre]] in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae [[Enniskillen]], [[Dundalk]], [[Newry]], an [[Londonderry]].

Its competitors are ''[[News Letter|The News Letter]]'' an ''[[The Irish News]]'', an local editions o Lunnon-based [[Tabloid jurnalism|reid taps]] compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the &quot;Tele&quot;.

Bytimes descrieved as haein &quot;unionist leanins&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Unsworth|first=Monika|date=1999-08-03|title=Reading between the lines|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/reading-between-the-lines-1.213093|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; an operatin an editorial policy supportive o &quot;moderate unionism&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mcgrath|first=Brendan|date=2000-02-09|title=Bids lodged for upcoming sale of `Belfast Telegraph'|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/bids-lodged-for-upcoming-sale-of-belfast-telegraph-1.243177|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based [[Mediahuis Ireland|Independent News &amp; Media]] (INM) group in Mairch 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland.

The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005.

In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''.

The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi [[Mediahuis Ireland]] (in turn awned bi the Belgian company [[Mediahuis|Mediahuis Partners NV]]) in 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in [[Londonderry]].

== Awairds ==
The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds.

== Circulation ==
Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,&lt;ref name=&quot;circ2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;circ2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)&lt;ref name=&quot;circ2002&quot;/&gt;|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)&lt;ref name=&quot;circ2019&quot;/&gt;}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
* {{offeecial wabsteid}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Belfast Telegraph}}
[[Category:1870 establishments in Ireland]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Independent News &amp; Media]]
[[Category:Mass media in Bilfawst]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Northren Ireland]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1870]]</text>
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{{En}}

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== Footnotes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Uiser collogue:SkidderJohn</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:55:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>921339</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1070" sha1="k286366bffe6kkxzp5bx86215ot0v1t" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, SkidderJohn, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/SkidderJohn|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 14:55, 20 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>k286366bffe6kkxzp5bx86215ot0v1t</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Goalkeeper92</title>
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    <id>233908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921340</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:55:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>921340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1072" sha1="3itv7yg0ob1mufjkf1p2qpc1ens0fa0" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Goalkeeper92, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Goalkeeper92|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 14:55, 20 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T14:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;{{subst:uw-vandalism1}} ~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <origin>921341</origin>
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      <text bytes="599" sha1="jvvq35ebj23gmg0qjqg9g85ejbk55ll" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-45685-72|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!&lt;!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 14:56, 20 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="617" sha1="ldh6qici91b1wfa5zaqv6ud2r0hgoml" xml:space="preserve">== August 2026 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-45685-72|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!&lt;!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 14:56, 20 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Babysitting (film)</title>
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      <id>921343</id>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''''Babysitting''''' is a 2014 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is forby the directorial debut o Philippe Lacheau that he co-wrate an forby starned in alang wi Alice David an Vincent Desagnat.  == Cast ==  * Philippe Lacheau as Franck * Alice David as Sonia * Vincent Desagnat as Ernest * Tarek Boudali as Sam * Julien Arruti as Alex * Grégoire Ludig as Paul * David Marsais as Jean * Gérard J...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="675" sha1="qyhkudwormgm0r8mh8btpkbciy7zycc" xml:space="preserve">'''''Babysitting''''' is a 2014 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is forby the directorial debut o Philippe Lacheau that he co-wrate an forby starned in alang wi Alice David an Vincent Desagnat.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Gérard Jugnot as M. Schaudel
* Clotilde Courau as Mme Schaudel
* Philippe Duquesne as Agent Caillaud
* Charlotte Gabris as Estelle
* David Salles as Inspector Laville
* Philippe Brigaud as Monsieur Monet</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921344</id>
      <parentid>921343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:01:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="1007" sha1="pm53jpdl9lq43r8xrkgr4xizu7own07" xml:space="preserve">'''''Babysitting''''' is a 2014 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is forby the directorial debut o Philippe Lacheau that he co-wrate an forby starned in alang wi Alice David an Vincent Desagnat.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Gérard Jugnot as M. Schaudel
* Clotilde Courau as Mme Schaudel
* Philippe Duquesne as Agent Caillaud
* Charlotte Gabris as Estelle
* David Salles as Inspector Laville
* Philippe Brigaud as Monsieur Monet

== Sequel ==
In Januar 2015, Universal Pictures confirmed that a sequel wis in production. It wis lowsed in December 2015 an titled ''Babysitting 2''.

== Remak ==
An Italian remak, entitled ''I babysitter'', wis lowsed on 19 October 2016.

it wis remakit bi Iain Morris unner production bi eOne, Angry Films an Moonriver Content.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921347</id>
      <parentid>921344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:05:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2422" sha1="i6xdhz5k88q026by0hjwdvl0cxkxhcl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Babysitting
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical poster
| director       = Nicolas Benamou &lt;br&gt; [[Philippe Lacheau]]
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]  &lt;br&gt; Marc Fiszman 
| writer         = Julien Arruti &lt;br&gt; Tarek Boudali &lt;br&gt; [[Philippe Lacheau]] &lt;br&gt; Pierre Lacheau   	
| starring       = [[Philippe Lacheau]] &lt;br&gt; [[Alice David]] &lt;br&gt; Vincent Desagnat 
| music          = Maxime Desprez &lt;br&gt; Michael Tordjman  
| cinematography = Antoine Marteau 
| editing        = Olivier Michaut-Alchourroun  
| studio         = Axel Films &lt;br&gt; Madame Films &lt;br&gt; Cinéfrance 1888 &lt;br&gt; Good Lap Production  
| distributor    = [[Universal Pictures]] International France
| released       = {{Film date|2014|4|16|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 85 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $3.4 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14191 | title = Babysitting  | publisher =JP's Box-Office | accessdate = 2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $20.3 million&lt;ref name=&quot;Universal&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://deadline.com/2015/01/universal-pictures-local-language-strategy-russell-crowe-brendan-ocarrell-1201342040/ | title = Universal Pictures' Local Language Strategy Pays Off In 2014 | author = Ali Jaafar | publisher = [[Deadline Hollywood]] | date = 2015-01-06 | access-date = 2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Babysitting''''' is a 2014 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is forby the directorial debut o Philippe Lacheau that he co-wrate an forby starned in alang wi Alice David an Vincent Desagnat.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Gérard Jugnot as M. Schaudel
* Clotilde Courau as Mme Schaudel
* Philippe Duquesne as Agent Caillaud
* Charlotte Gabris as Estelle
* David Salles as Inspector Laville
* Philippe Brigaud as Monsieur Monet

== Sequel ==
In Januar 2015, Universal Pictures confirmed that a sequel wis in production. It wis lowsed in December 2015 an titled ''Babysitting 2''.

== Remak ==
An Italian remak, entitled ''I babysitter'', wis lowsed on 19 October 2016.

it wis remakit bi Iain Morris unner production bi eOne, Angry Films an Moonriver Content.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921348</id>
      <parentid>921347</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:06:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2866" sha1="8flnf2rgwfobmdjk9yzbn3eovsc2a5g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Babysitting
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical poster
| director       = Nicolas Benamou &lt;br&gt; [[Philippe Lacheau]]
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]  &lt;br&gt; Marc Fiszman 
| writer         = Julien Arruti &lt;br&gt; Tarek Boudali &lt;br&gt; [[Philippe Lacheau]] &lt;br&gt; Pierre Lacheau   	
| starring       = [[Philippe Lacheau]] &lt;br&gt; [[Alice David]] &lt;br&gt; Vincent Desagnat 
| music          = Maxime Desprez &lt;br&gt; Michael Tordjman  
| cinematography = Antoine Marteau 
| editing        = Olivier Michaut-Alchourroun  
| studio         = Axel Films &lt;br&gt; Madame Films &lt;br&gt; Cinéfrance 1888 &lt;br&gt; Good Lap Production  
| distributor    = [[Universal Pictures]] International France
| released       = {{Film date|2014|4|16|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 85 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $3.4 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14191 | title = Babysitting  | publisher =JP's Box-Office | accessdate = 2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $20.3 million&lt;ref name=&quot;Universal&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = https://deadline.com/2015/01/universal-pictures-local-language-strategy-russell-crowe-brendan-ocarrell-1201342040/ | title = Universal Pictures' Local Language Strategy Pays Off In 2014 | author = Ali Jaafar | publisher = [[Deadline Hollywood]] | date = 2015-01-06 | access-date = 2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Babysitting''''' is a 2014 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is forby the directorial debut o Philippe Lacheau that he co-wrate an forby starned in alang wi Alice David an Vincent Desagnat.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Gérard Jugnot as M. Schaudel
* Clotilde Courau as Mme Schaudel
* Philippe Duquesne as Agent Caillaud
* Charlotte Gabris as Estelle
* David Salles as Inspector Laville
* Philippe Brigaud as Monsieur Monet

== Sequel ==
In Januar 2015, Universal Pictures confirmed that a sequel wis in production. It wis lowsed in December 2015 an titled ''Babysitting 2''.

== Remak ==
An Italian remak, entitled ''I babysitter'', wis lowsed on 19 October 2016.

it wis remakit bi Iain Morris unner production bi eOne, Angry Films an Moonriver Content.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{IMDb title|3013602|Babysitting}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 comedy films]]
[[Category:2014 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2014 French films]]
[[Category:2014 French-leid films]]
[[Category:French comedy films]]
[[Category:Foond fitage films]]
[[Category:Universal Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:French-leid comedy films]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Babysitting 2</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>921349</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''''Babysitting 2''''' is a 2015 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is the sequel tae ''Babysitting''.  == Cast ==  * Philippe Lacheau as Franck * Alice David as Sonia * Vincent Desagnat as Ernest * Tarek Boudali as Sam * Valériane de Villeneuve as Yolande * Julien Arruti as Alex * Charlotte Gabris]as Estelle * Grégoire Ludig as Paul * David Marsais as Jean * Christian Clavier as Alain * Jér...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="801" sha1="miugbpk4i1uzxdfnjjio77ekm5fqw03" xml:space="preserve">'''''Babysitting 2''''' is a 2015 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is the sequel tae ''Babysitting''.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Valériane de Villeneuve as Yolande
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Charlotte Gabris]as Estelle
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Christian Clavier as Alain
* Jérôme Commandeur as Michel Massieye
* Valérie Karsenti as Madame Massieye
* Élodie Fontan as Julie
* Jean-Luc Couchard as Marco
* Elisa Bachir Bey as Erika
* Joséphine Drai as Joséphine
* Ken Samuels as John
* Aílton Carmo as Pedro
* Beto Benites as The chief o rescue wirkers
* Luis Eduardo dos Reis Pachêco as Joao</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921350</id>
      <parentid>921349</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:09:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2017" sha1="jjkkv3eidq669tqaxzro3abmkmwvvu8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Babysitting 2
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = Nicolas Benamou&lt;br /&gt;[[Philippe Lacheau]]
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]&lt;br /&gt;Marc Fiszman 
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;br /&gt;Nicolas Benamou&lt;br /&gt;Philippe Lacheau&lt;br /&gt;Pierre Lacheau   	
| starring       = Philippe Lacheau&lt;br /&gt;[[Alice David]]&lt;br /&gt;Vincent Desagnat 
| music          = Maxime Desprez&lt;br /&gt;Michael Tordjman  
| cinematography = Antoine Marteau 
| editing        = Olivier Michaut-Alchourroun  
| studio         = Axel Films&lt;br /&gt;Madame Films&lt;br /&gt;Cinéfrance 1888&lt;br /&gt;[[M6 Films]]  
| distributor    = [[Universal Pictures]] International France
| released       = {{Film date|2015|12|2|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 93 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $10.8 million &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14929|title=BABYSITTING 2|website=Jpbox-office.com|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $24.6 million &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2345829377/weekend/|title=Babysitting 2|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Babysitting 2''''' is a 2015 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is the sequel tae ''Babysitting''.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Valériane de Villeneuve as Yolande
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Charlotte Gabris]as Estelle
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Christian Clavier as Alain
* Jérôme Commandeur as Michel Massieye
* Valérie Karsenti as Madame Massieye
* Élodie Fontan as Julie
* Jean-Luc Couchard as Marco
* Elisa Bachir Bey as Erika
* Joséphine Drai as Joséphine
* Ken Samuels as John
* Aílton Carmo as Pedro
* Beto Benites as The chief o rescue wirkers
* Luis Eduardo dos Reis Pachêco as Joao</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921351</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:11:20Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2448" sha1="gybbjwj4m7zmezcu8ls6ms717av5fn6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Babysitting 2
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = Nicolas Benamou&lt;br /&gt;[[Philippe Lacheau]]
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]&lt;br /&gt;Marc Fiszman 
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;br /&gt;Nicolas Benamou&lt;br /&gt;Philippe Lacheau&lt;br /&gt;Pierre Lacheau   	
| starring       = Philippe Lacheau&lt;br /&gt;[[Alice David]]&lt;br /&gt;Vincent Desagnat 
| music          = Maxime Desprez&lt;br /&gt;Michael Tordjman  
| cinematography = Antoine Marteau 
| editing        = Olivier Michaut-Alchourroun  
| studio         = Axel Films&lt;br /&gt;Madame Films&lt;br /&gt;Cinéfrance 1888&lt;br /&gt;[[M6 Films]]  
| distributor    = [[Universal Pictures]] International France
| released       = {{Film date|2015|12|2|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 93 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $10.8 million &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14929|title=BABYSITTING 2|website=Jpbox-office.com|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $24.6 million &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2345829377/weekend/|title=Babysitting 2|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Babysitting 2''''' is a 2015 French comedy film shot in the &quot;foond fitage&quot; style. It is directit bi Nicolas Benamou an Philippe Lacheau. The film is the sequel tae ''Babysitting''.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Franck
* Alice David as Sonia
* Vincent Desagnat as Ernest
* Tarek Boudali as Sam
* Valériane de Villeneuve as Yolande
* Julien Arruti as Alex
* Charlotte Gabris]as Estelle
* Grégoire Ludig as Paul
* David Marsais as Jean
* Christian Clavier as Alain
* Jérôme Commandeur as Michel Massieye
* Valérie Karsenti as Madame Massieye
* Élodie Fontan as Julie
* Jean-Luc Couchard as Marco
* Elisa Bachir Bey as Erika
* Joséphine Drai as Joséphine
* Ken Samuels as John
* Aílton Carmo as Pedro
* Beto Benites as The chief o rescue wirkers
* Luis Eduardo dos Reis Pachêco as Joao

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{IMDb title|4400058|Babysitting 2}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 French-leid films]]
[[Category:French comedy films]]
[[Category:2015 comedy films]]
[[Category:Foond fitage films]]
[[Category:French sequel films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Brazil]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:2015 French films]]
[[Category:French-leid comedy films]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alibi.com</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>233912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921352</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:21:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''''Alibi.com''''' is a 2017 French comedy film. It is directit bi Philippe Lacheau.  == Plot == Grégory Van Huffel, cried Greg, is the heid o Alibi.com, an agency that provides fowk wi the alibi thay need tae keep thair affairs secret frae thair romantic pairtners.  Greg meets lawer Florence Martin bi chance. Whiles his company is growin successfully, he faws in luve wi Florence, wha, owin tae bad experiences, conseeders honesty tae be the mucklest guid in a relationship....&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1247" sha1="tumfpll2b622sdl9nw0vgmc1t8ulb7y" xml:space="preserve">'''''Alibi.com''''' is a 2017 French comedy film. It is directit bi Philippe Lacheau.

== Plot ==
Grégory Van Huffel, cried Greg, is the heid o Alibi.com, an agency that provides fowk wi the alibi thay need tae keep thair affairs secret frae thair romantic pairtners.

Greg meets lawer Florence Martin bi chance. Whiles his company is growin successfully, he faws in luve wi Florence, wha, owin tae bad experiences, conseeders honesty tae be the mucklest guid in a relationship. Consequently, Greg hides his job info tells her he's a steward.

Durin a trip tae thair parents' kintra hoose thegither, Greg diskivers that Florence's faither Gérard is ane o his customers at Alibi.com. Whiles Florence's mither, Marlène, assumes that her hauf-marrae is on a business trip, Gérard meets wi Cynthia in a hottle in Cannes. Mony circumstances mean that Florence an her mither check intae the hottle in Cannes an aa, whaur thay meet Gérard. In an emergency, Gérard contacks Greg. Tae provide Gérard's alibi, Greg haed tae pretend tae Florence that he wis traivelin tae Tanzanie. Sae unner nae circumstances shoud he rin intae her.

In the end, Gérard an Greg become repentant sinners, whiles Cynthia publishes Alibi.com's customer leet on the wab.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>921353</id>
      <parentid>921352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:25:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="2352" sha1="mpisxvtucp33hsbou4v41nhpxnmiacv" xml:space="preserve">'''''Alibi.com''''' is a 2017 French comedy film. It is directit bi Philippe Lacheau.

== Plot ==
Grégory Van Huffel, cried Greg, is the heid o Alibi.com, an agency that provides fowk wi the alibi thay need tae keep thair affairs secret frae thair romantic pairtners.

Greg meets lawer Florence Martin bi chance. Whiles his company is growin successfully, he faws in luve wi Florence, wha, owin tae bad experiences, conseeders honesty tae be the mucklest guid in a relationship. Consequently, Greg hides his job info tells her he's a steward.

Durin a trip tae thair parents' kintra hoose thegither, Greg diskivers that Florence's faither Gérard is ane o his customers at Alibi.com. Whiles Florence's mither, Marlène, assumes that her hauf-marrae is on a business trip, Gérard meets wi Cynthia in a hottle in Cannes. Mony circumstances mean that Florence an her mither check intae the hottle in Cannes an aa, whaur thay meet Gérard. In an emergency, Gérard contacks Greg. Tae provide Gérard's alibi, Greg haed tae pretend tae Florence that he wis traivelin tae Tanzanie. Sae unner nae circumstances shoud he rin intae her.

In the end, Gérard an Greg become repentant sinners, whiles Cynthia publishes Alibi.com's customer leet on the wab.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Grégory Van Huffel
* Élodie Fontan as Flo Martin
* Julien Arruti as Augustin
* Tarek Boudali as Mehdi
* Didier Bourdon as Gérard Martin
* Nathalie Baye as Madame Martin
* Nawell Madani as Cynthia
* Philippe Duquesne as Maurice
* Medi Sadoun as Garcia
* Vincent Desagnat as Romain
* Alice Dufour as Clara
* Jo Prestia as Prosper
* Michèle Laroque as Françoise
* Norman Thavaud as Paul-Edouard
* Joeystarr as MC Stocma
* Kad Merad as Monsieur Godet
* Valériane de Villeneuve as Madame Godet
* Chantal Ladesou as The veterinarian
* La Fouine as himsel
* François-Xavier Ménage as himsel
* Norbert Godji as Doudou
* Samy Naceri as The taxi driver

* Arnaud Makunga as MC Stocma's ladfreend

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===
''Alibi.com'' haes grossed $29.3 million warldwide against a production budget o $7.6 million.

=== Creetical repone ===
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film haes an approval ratin o 67% based on 6 review, wi an average ratin o 5.1/10.

== Remak ==
An Italian remak entitled ''L'agenzia dei bugiardi'' wis lowsed in Januar 2019.</text>
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      <id>921354</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:27:37Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="3573" sha1="hkvcbi4vey1gprawfcj77f09rhmxb0b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Alibi.com
| image          = 
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]
| producer       = Alexandra Fechner&lt;br&gt;Franck Milcent 
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;br&gt;[[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;br&gt;Pierre Dudan   	
| starring       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;br&gt;[[Élodie Fontan]]&lt;br&gt;Julien Arruti&lt;br&gt;[[Tarek Boudali]]&lt;br&gt;[[Didier Bourdon]]&lt;br&gt;[[Nathalie Baye]]
| music          = Maxime Desprez&lt;br&gt;Michael Tordjman  
| cinematography = Dominique Colin
| editing        = Olivier Michaut-Alchourroun  
| studio         = Fechner Films 
| distributor    = [[StudioCanal]]
| released       = {{Film date|2017|02|15|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 90 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $7.6 million&lt;ref name=jpbox &gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=16627|title=Alibi.com (2017)- JPBox-Office|last=JP|website=www.jpbox-office.com|accessdate=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $29.3 million&lt;ref name=BOM &gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fALIBICOM01&amp;country=CZ&amp;wk=2017W42&amp;id=_fALIBICOM01&amp;p=.htm|title=''Alibi.com''|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|accessdate=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Alibi.com''''' is a 2017 French comedy film. It is directit bi Philippe Lacheau.

== Plot ==
Grégory Van Huffel, cried Greg, is the heid o Alibi.com, an agency that provides fowk wi the alibi thay need tae keep thair affairs secret frae thair romantic pairtners.

Greg meets lawer Florence Martin bi chance. Whiles his company is growin successfully, he faws in luve wi Florence, wha, owin tae bad experiences, conseeders honesty tae be the mucklest guid in a relationship. Consequently, Greg hides his job info tells her he's a steward.

Durin a trip tae thair parents' kintra hoose thegither, Greg diskivers that Florence's faither Gérard is ane o his customers at Alibi.com. Whiles Florence's mither, Marlène, assumes that her hauf-marrae is on a business trip, Gérard meets wi Cynthia in a hottle in Cannes. Mony circumstances mean that Florence an her mither check intae the hottle in Cannes an aa, whaur thay meet Gérard. In an emergency, Gérard contacks Greg. Tae provide Gérard's alibi, Greg haed tae pretend tae Florence that he wis traivelin tae Tanzanie. Sae unner nae circumstances shoud he rin intae her.

In the end, Gérard an Greg become repentant sinners, whiles Cynthia publishes Alibi.com's customer leet on the wab.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Grégory Van Huffel
* Élodie Fontan as Flo Martin
* Julien Arruti as Augustin
* Tarek Boudali as Mehdi
* Didier Bourdon as Gérard Martin
* Nathalie Baye as Madame Martin
* Nawell Madani as Cynthia
* Philippe Duquesne as Maurice
* Medi Sadoun as Garcia
* Vincent Desagnat as Romain
* Alice Dufour as Clara
* Jo Prestia as Prosper
* Michèle Laroque as Françoise
* Norman Thavaud as Paul-Edouard
* Joeystarr as MC Stocma
* Kad Merad as Monsieur Godet
* Valériane de Villeneuve as Madame Godet
* Chantal Ladesou as The veterinarian
* La Fouine as himsel
* François-Xavier Ménage as himsel
* Norbert Godji as Doudou
* Samy Naceri as The taxi driver

* Arnaud Makunga as MC Stocma's ladfreend

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===
''Alibi.com'' haes grossed $29.3 million warldwide against a production budget o $7.6 million.

=== Creetical repone ===
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film haes an approval ratin o 67% based on 6 review, wi an average ratin o 5.1/10.

== Remak ==
An Italian remak entitled ''L'agenzia dei bugiardi'' wis lowsed in Januar 2019.</text>
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      <text bytes="3870" sha1="nfckjcice708cv79uev45m6fyfw6kbk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Alibi.com
| image          = 
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]
| producer       = Alexandra Fechner&lt;br&gt;Franck Milcent 
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;br&gt;[[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;br&gt;Pierre Dudan   	
| starring       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;br&gt;[[Élodie Fontan]]&lt;br&gt;Julien Arruti&lt;br&gt;[[Tarek Boudali]]&lt;br&gt;[[Didier Bourdon]]&lt;br&gt;[[Nathalie Baye]]
| music          = Maxime Desprez&lt;br&gt;Michael Tordjman  
| cinematography = Dominique Colin
| editing        = Olivier Michaut-Alchourroun  
| studio         = Fechner Films 
| distributor    = [[StudioCanal]]
| released       = {{Film date|2017|02|15|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 90 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $7.6 million&lt;ref name=jpbox &gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=16627|title=Alibi.com (2017)- JPBox-Office|last=JP|website=www.jpbox-office.com|accessdate=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $29.3 million&lt;ref name=BOM &gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fALIBICOM01&amp;country=CZ&amp;wk=2017W42&amp;id=_fALIBICOM01&amp;p=.htm|title=''Alibi.com''|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|accessdate=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Alibi.com''''' is a 2017 French comedy film. It is directit bi Philippe Lacheau.

== Plot ==
Grégory Van Huffel, cried Greg, is the heid o Alibi.com, an agency that provides fowk wi the alibi thay need tae keep thair affairs secret frae thair romantic pairtners.

Greg meets lawer Florence Martin bi chance. Whiles his company is growin successfully, he faws in luve wi Florence, wha, owin tae bad experiences, conseeders honesty tae be the mucklest guid in a relationship. Consequently, Greg hides his job info tells her he's a steward.

Durin a trip tae thair parents' kintra hoose thegither, Greg diskivers that Florence's faither Gérard is ane o his customers at Alibi.com. Whiles Florence's mither, Marlène, assumes that her hauf-marrae is on a business trip, Gérard meets wi Cynthia in a hottle in Cannes. Mony circumstances mean that Florence an her mither check intae the hottle in Cannes an aa, whaur thay meet Gérard. In an emergency, Gérard contacks Greg. Tae provide Gérard's alibi, Greg haed tae pretend tae Florence that he wis traivelin tae Tanzanie. Sae unner nae circumstances shoud he rin intae her.

In the end, Gérard an Greg become repentant sinners, whiles Cynthia publishes Alibi.com's customer leet on the wab.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Grégory Van Huffel
* Élodie Fontan as Flo Martin
* Julien Arruti as Augustin
* Tarek Boudali as Mehdi
* Didier Bourdon as Gérard Martin
* Nathalie Baye as Madame Martin
* Nawell Madani as Cynthia
* Philippe Duquesne as Maurice
* Medi Sadoun as Garcia
* Vincent Desagnat as Romain
* Alice Dufour as Clara
* Jo Prestia as Prosper
* Michèle Laroque as Françoise
* Norman Thavaud as Paul-Edouard
* Joeystarr as MC Stocma
* Kad Merad as Monsieur Godet
* Valériane de Villeneuve as Madame Godet
* Chantal Ladesou as The veterinarian
* La Fouine as himsel
* François-Xavier Ménage as himsel
* Norbert Godji as Doudou
* Samy Naceri as The taxi driver

* Arnaud Makunga as MC Stocma's ladfreend

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===
''Alibi.com'' haes grossed $29.3 million warldwide against a production budget o $7.6 million.

=== Creetical repone ===
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film haes an approval ratin o 67% based on 6 review, wi an average ratin o 5.1/10.

== Remak ==
An Italian remak entitled ''L'agenzia dei bugiardi'' wis lowsed in Januar 2019.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 French-leid films]]
[[Category:French comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:2017 French films]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon</title>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script....&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2279" sha1="94h36sq847zsph3y0lyng2tyswkhnx3" xml:space="preserve">'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script. The film starns Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali an Julien Arruti in lead roles, alang wi Didier Bourdon, Kamel Guenfoud, Sophie Mousel an Pamela Anderson in supportin roles. It wis lowsed on 6 Februar 2019.

== Cast ==
The chairacters are cried as thay are kent in the French dubbit version o the anime series, whiles the Japanese dubbit version o the film uises thair oreeginal names.

* Philippe Lacheau as Nicky Larson (Ryo Saeba)
* Élodie Fontan as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura)
* Tarek Boudali as Poncho
* Julien Arruti as Gilbert Skippy
* Didier Bourdon as Dominique Lettelier
* Kamel Guenfoud as Mammouth (Umibozu)
* Sophie Mousel as Hélène Lamberti (Saeko Nogami)
* Raphaël Personnaz as Tony Marconi (Hideyuki Makimura)
* Pamela Anderson as Jessica Fox
* Gérard Jugnot as the psychologist
* Chantal Ladesou as Gilbert's mither-in-law
* Audrey Lamy as Gilbert's wife
* Jarry as the mayor Mokkori
* Reem Kherici as the tattooed lass
* Pascal Boisson as Paco
* Jérôme Le Banner as Joe
* Arben Bajraktaraj as Black Gloves
* Achille Potier as Jordan, Gilbert's son
* Elisa Bachir Bey as a model
* Adja Kaba as a model
* Noémie Demeule as a model
* Liya Kebede as the professor's dochter
* Dorothée as a stewardess &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jean-Paul Césari as the sangster at the Fashion Polis pairty &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Ropion as the telly reporter &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Medi Sadoun as the lie detector inspector &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;

== Promotion ==
At the Comic Con Paris in October 2018, it wis revealed that Jean-Paul Césari an Vincent Ropion wad mak cameos in the film. The furst bein the interpreter o the French credits sang o the animatit series whiles the seicont is the French vyce o the main chairacter.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921357</id>
      <parentid>921356</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T15:50:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="4617" sha1="qlnc5g5kq2jn9vd0qlao8jdwixmniu7" xml:space="preserve">'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script. The film starns Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali an Julien Arruti in lead roles, alang wi Didier Bourdon, Kamel Guenfoud, Sophie Mousel an Pamela Anderson in supportin roles. It wis lowsed on 6 Februar 2019.

== Cast ==
The chairacters are cried as thay are kent in the French dubbit version o the anime series, whiles the Japanese dubbit version o the film uises thair oreeginal names.

* Philippe Lacheau as Nicky Larson (Ryo Saeba)
* Élodie Fontan as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura)
* Tarek Boudali as Poncho
* Julien Arruti as Gilbert Skippy
* Didier Bourdon as Dominique Lettelier
* Kamel Guenfoud as Mammouth (Umibozu)
* Sophie Mousel as Hélène Lamberti (Saeko Nogami)
* Raphaël Personnaz as Tony Marconi (Hideyuki Makimura)
* Pamela Anderson as Jessica Fox
* Gérard Jugnot as the psychologist
* Chantal Ladesou as Gilbert's mither-in-law
* Audrey Lamy as Gilbert's wife
* Jarry as the mayor Mokkori
* Reem Kherici as the tattooed lass
* Pascal Boisson as Paco
* Jérôme Le Banner as Joe
* Arben Bajraktaraj as Black Gloves
* Achille Potier as Jordan, Gilbert's son
* Elisa Bachir Bey as a model
* Adja Kaba as a model
* Noémie Demeule as a model
* Liya Kebede as the professor's dochter
* Dorothée as a stewardess &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jean-Paul Césari as the sangster at the Fashion Polis pairty &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Ropion as the telly reporter &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Medi Sadoun as the lie detector inspector &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;

== Promotion ==
At the Comic Con Paris in October 2018, it wis revealed that Jean-Paul Césari an Vincent Ropion wad mak cameos in the film. The furst bein the interpreter o the French credits sang o the animatit series whiles the seicont is the French vyce o the main chairacter.

== Release ==
''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon'' wis previewed ower maist o Fraunce on 15 December 2018, afore its naitional lowse on 6 Februar 2019, the same in Swisserland. 13 February 2019, the film wis lowsed in Belgium, on 14 Mairch 2019 in Thailand an on 23 Mey 2019 in Roushie unner the title ''Undercover Playboy''. The film debuted in Japan on 29 November 2019 as {{nihongo4|''City Hunter the Movie: Shijōsaikō no Mission''|シティーハンター THE MOVIE 史上最香のミッション||}}.

=== Box office ===
The film debuted at #3 in Fraunce, wi an appenin weekend gross o €3,111,807 ($3,515,249). In Fraunce, the film selt mair nor 1{{nbsp}}million tickets an grossed €8,817,024 ($10,031,595) bi 24 Februar 2019. As o 31 Mairch 2019, the film haes selt 1,684,350 ticket an grossed $12,898,742 in Fraunce.

The film lowsed in Japan on 29 November 2019, debutin at #8 an grossin {{JPY|47,883,700}} frae 38,676 admission in its furst three days. As o 15 December 2019, the film haes grossed {{JPY|144,586,600}} ($1,321,874) in Japan. In tot, the film haes selt 1,903,808 ticket an grossed $14,702,744 warldwide, as o 15 December 2019.

=== Reception ===
On 14 December 2018, the day afore the premiere, Simon Riaux, in his review fur ''Écran large'', wrate: ... &quot;the film sends a haundfu o bytimes hilarious images, bytimes imbued wi unexpectit prettiness (...) in subjective veesion in quilted pursuit&quot;, but &quot;the story manages tae hauld an astonishin harmony atween pastiche an furst degree. (...) The collogues appear mair nor ance as the main weak pynt o the team&quot;. Frédéric Mignard frae ''Avoir-alire'' admits that it is &quot;probably the maist sympathetic film o its author syne the ''Babysitting''s, far frae the recent shipwrecks in comic strip adaptation, lik that o ''Gaston Lagaffe''. (...) Tae tell the truith, the misunnerstaundins gags an the astonishin situations are teepical o the wirk o Lacheau (...) an as ane is niver bored nor haes the impression o waistin his time, ane meys pardon him his few airtistic wanderins.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot; /&gt;

On the ither side, Alexandre Lazerges o ''GQ'' wrate that &quot;Philippe Lacheau is warse nor ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'', destroyin a cult manga maugre the presence o Pamela Anderson an Dorothée&quot;

== See an aw ==

* ''City Hunter''</text>
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      <text bytes="7745" sha1="erv3fbp4inczt1wt65lessx21nb80xm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|title=Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon - la critique du film|work=www.avoir-alire.com|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014748/https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|archive-date=2019-02-04|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.unifrance.org|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113042/https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|archive-date=2018-06-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marc Fiszman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philippe Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pierre Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[City Hunter]]''|[[Tsukasa Hojo]]}}
| starring       =
{{plainlist|
* Philippe Lacheau
* [[Élodie Fontan]]
* [[Tarek Boudali]]
* [[Didier Bourdon]]
* [[Pamela Anderson]]
}}
| music          = Michael Tordjman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Maxime Desprez&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| studio         = Les Films du 24&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Axel Films&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|title=Nicky Larson – Le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.tout-mon-univers.com|date=2019-01-06|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315185655/http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| distributor    = [[Sony Pictures Releasing International|Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| released       = {{film date|df=yes|2018|12|15|premiere|2019|2|6|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|title=Une première affiche pour le &quot;Nicky Larson&quot; de Philippe Lacheau|first=Yannick |last=Vely |website=[[Paris Match]] |date=2018-06-08|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021125057/https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|archive-date=2018-10-21|url-status=live|df=dmy-all |lang=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;/&gt;}}
| runtime        = 91 meenit&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kinepolis.fr/films/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de cupidon|website=Kinepolis|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| gross          = {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;/&gt;
}}

'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script. The film starns Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali an Julien Arruti in lead roles, alang wi Didier Bourdon, Kamel Guenfoud, Sophie Mousel an Pamela Anderson in supportin roles. It wis lowsed on 6 Februar 2019.

== Cast ==
The chairacters are cried as thay are kent in the French dubbit version o the anime series, whiles the Japanese dubbit version o the film uises thair oreeginal names.

* Philippe Lacheau as Nicky Larson (Ryo Saeba)
* Élodie Fontan as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura)
* Tarek Boudali as Poncho
* Julien Arruti as Gilbert Skippy
* Didier Bourdon as Dominique Lettelier
* Kamel Guenfoud as Mammouth (Umibozu)
* Sophie Mousel as Hélène Lamberti (Saeko Nogami)
* Raphaël Personnaz as Tony Marconi (Hideyuki Makimura)
* Pamela Anderson as Jessica Fox
* Gérard Jugnot as the psychologist
* Chantal Ladesou as Gilbert's mither-in-law
* Audrey Lamy as Gilbert's wife
* Jarry as the mayor Mokkori
* Reem Kherici as the tattooed lass
* Pascal Boisson as Paco
* Jérôme Le Banner as Joe
* Arben Bajraktaraj as Black Gloves
* Achille Potier as Jordan, Gilbert's son
* Elisa Bachir Bey as a model
* Adja Kaba as a model
* Noémie Demeule as a model
* Liya Kebede as the professor's dochter
* Dorothée as a stewardess &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jean-Paul Césari as the sangster at the Fashion Polis pairty &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Ropion as the telly reporter &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Medi Sadoun as the lie detector inspector &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;

== Promotion ==
At the Comic Con Paris in October 2018, it wis revealed that Jean-Paul Césari an Vincent Ropion wad mak cameos in the film. The furst bein the interpreter o the French credits sang o the animatit series whiles the seicont is the French vyce o the main chairacter.

== Release ==
''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon'' wis previewed ower maist o Fraunce on 15 December 2018, afore its naitional lowse on 6 Februar 2019, the same in Swisserland. 13 February 2019, the film wis lowsed in Belgium, on 14 Mairch 2019 in Thailand an on 23 Mey 2019 in Roushie unner the title ''Undercover Playboy''. The film debuted in Japan on 29 November 2019 as {{nihongo4|''City Hunter the Movie: Shijōsaikō no Mission''|シティーハンター THE MOVIE 史上最香のミッション||}}.

=== Box office ===
The film debuted at #3 in Fraunce, wi an appenin weekend gross o €3,111,807 ($3,515,249). In Fraunce, the film selt mair nor 1{{nbsp}}million tickets an grossed €8,817,024 ($10,031,595) bi 24 Februar 2019. As o 31 Mairch 2019, the film haes selt 1,684,350 ticket an grossed $12,898,742 in Fraunce.

The film lowsed in Japan on 29 November 2019, debutin at #8 an grossin {{JPY|47,883,700}} frae 38,676 admission in its furst three days. As o 15 December 2019, the film haes grossed {{JPY|144,586,600}} ($1,321,874) in Japan. In tot, the film haes selt 1,903,808 ticket an grossed $14,702,744 warldwide, as o 15 December 2019.

=== Reception ===
On 14 December 2018, the day afore the premiere, Simon Riaux, in his review fur ''Écran large'', wrate: ... &quot;the film sends a haundfu o bytimes hilarious images, bytimes imbued wi unexpectit prettiness (...) in subjective veesion in quilted pursuit&quot;, but &quot;the story manages tae hauld an astonishin harmony atween pastiche an furst degree. (...) The collogues appear mair nor ance as the main weak pynt o the team&quot;. Frédéric Mignard frae ''Avoir-alire'' admits that it is &quot;probably the maist sympathetic film o its author syne the ''Babysitting''s, far frae the recent shipwrecks in comic strip adaptation, lik that o ''Gaston Lagaffe''. (...) Tae tell the truith, the misunnerstaundins gags an the astonishin situations are teepical o the wirk o Lacheau (...) an as ane is niver bored nor haes the impression o waistin his time, ane meys pardon him his few airtistic wanderins.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot; /&gt;

On the ither side, Alexandre Lazerges o ''GQ'' wrate that &quot;Philippe Lacheau is warse nor ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'', destroyin a cult manga maugre the presence o Pamela Anderson an Dorothée&quot;

== See an aw ==

* ''City Hunter''</text>
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      <id>921359</id>
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      <text bytes="8940" sha1="tu2goa76au2nx6lm1lh50w0ic1cvi4t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|title=Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon - la critique du film|work=www.avoir-alire.com|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014748/https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|archive-date=2019-02-04|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.unifrance.org|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113042/https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|archive-date=2018-06-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marc Fiszman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philippe Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pierre Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[City Hunter]]''|[[Tsukasa Hojo]]}}
| starring       =
{{plainlist|
* Philippe Lacheau
* [[Élodie Fontan]]
* [[Tarek Boudali]]
* [[Didier Bourdon]]
* [[Pamela Anderson]]
}}
| music          = Michael Tordjman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Maxime Desprez&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| studio         = Les Films du 24&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Axel Films&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|title=Nicky Larson – Le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.tout-mon-univers.com|date=2019-01-06|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315185655/http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| distributor    = [[Sony Pictures Releasing International|Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| released       = {{film date|df=yes|2018|12|15|premiere|2019|2|6|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|title=Une première affiche pour le &quot;Nicky Larson&quot; de Philippe Lacheau|first=Yannick |last=Vely |website=[[Paris Match]] |date=2018-06-08|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021125057/https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|archive-date=2018-10-21|url-status=live|df=dmy-all |lang=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;/&gt;}}
| runtime        = 91 meenit&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kinepolis.fr/films/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de cupidon|website=Kinepolis|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| gross          = {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;/&gt;
}}

'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script. The film starns Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali an Julien Arruti in lead roles, alang wi Didier Bourdon, Kamel Guenfoud, Sophie Mousel an Pamela Anderson in supportin roles. It wis lowsed on 6 Februar 2019.

== Cast ==
The chairacters are cried as thay are kent in the French dubbit version o the anime series, whiles the Japanese dubbit version o the film uises thair oreeginal names.

* Philippe Lacheau as Nicky Larson (Ryo Saeba)
* Élodie Fontan as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura)
* Tarek Boudali as Poncho
* Julien Arruti as Gilbert Skippy
* Didier Bourdon as Dominique Lettelier
* Kamel Guenfoud as Mammouth (Umibozu)
* Sophie Mousel as Hélène Lamberti (Saeko Nogami)
* Raphaël Personnaz as Tony Marconi (Hideyuki Makimura)
* Pamela Anderson as Jessica Fox
* Gérard Jugnot as the psychologist
* Chantal Ladesou as Gilbert's mither-in-law
* Audrey Lamy as Gilbert's wife
* Jarry as the mayor Mokkori
* Reem Kherici as the tattooed lass
* Pascal Boisson as Paco
* Jérôme Le Banner as Joe
* Arben Bajraktaraj as Black Gloves
* Achille Potier as Jordan, Gilbert's son
* Elisa Bachir Bey as a model
* Adja Kaba as a model
* Noémie Demeule as a model
* Liya Kebede as the professor's dochter
* Dorothée as a stewardess &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jean-Paul Césari as the sangster at the Fashion Polis pairty &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Ropion as the telly reporter &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Medi Sadoun as the lie detector inspector &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;

== Promotion ==
At the Comic Con Paris in October 2018, it wis revealed that Jean-Paul Césari an Vincent Ropion wad mak cameos in the film. The furst bein the interpreter o the French credits sang o the animatit series whiles the seicont is the French vyce o the main chairacter.

== Release ==
''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon'' wis previewed ower maist o Fraunce on 15 December 2018, afore its naitional lowse on 6 Februar 2019, the same in Swisserland. 13 February 2019, the film wis lowsed in Belgium, on 14 Mairch 2019 in Thailand an on 23 Mey 2019 in Roushie unner the title ''Undercover Playboy''. The film debuted in Japan on 29 November 2019 as {{nihongo4|''City Hunter the Movie: Shijōsaikō no Mission''|シティーハンター THE MOVIE 史上最香のミッション||}}.

=== Box office ===
The film debuted at #3 in Fraunce, wi an appenin weekend gross o €3,111,807 ($3,515,249). In Fraunce, the film selt mair nor 1{{nbsp}}million tickets an grossed €8,817,024 ($10,031,595) bi 24 Februar 2019. As o 31 Mairch 2019, the film haes selt 1,684,350 ticket an grossed $12,898,742 in Fraunce.

The film lowsed in Japan on 29 November 2019, debutin at #8 an grossin {{JPY|47,883,700}} frae 38,676 admission in its furst three days. As o 15 December 2019, the film haes grossed {{JPY|144,586,600}} ($1,321,874) in Japan. In tot, the film haes selt 1,903,808 ticket an grossed $14,702,744 warldwide, as o 15 December 2019.

=== Reception ===
On 14 December 2018, the day afore the premiere, Simon Riaux, in his review fur ''Écran large'', wrate: ... &quot;the film sends a haundfu o bytimes hilarious images, bytimes imbued wi unexpectit prettiness (...) in subjective veesion in quilted pursuit&quot;, but &quot;the story manages tae hauld an astonishin harmony atween pastiche an furst degree. (...) The collogues appear mair nor ance as the main weak pynt o the team&quot;. Frédéric Mignard frae ''Avoir-alire'' admits that it is &quot;probably the maist sympathetic film o its author syne the ''Babysitting''s, far frae the recent shipwrecks in comic strip adaptation, lik that o ''Gaston Lagaffe''. (...) Tae tell the truith, the misunnerstaundins gags an the astonishin situations are teepical o the wirk o Lacheau (...) an as ane is niver bored nor haes the impression o waistin his time, ane meys pardon him his few airtistic wanderins.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot; /&gt;

On the ither side, Alexandre Lazerges o ''GQ'' wrate that &quot;Philippe Lacheau is warse nor ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'', destroyin a cult manga maugre the presence o Pamela Anderson an Dorothée&quot;

== See an aw ==

* ''City Hunter''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://medias.unifrance.org/medias/165/16/200869/presse/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-dossier-de-presse-francais.pdf Offeecial press kit o ''Nicky Larson et le Parfum du Cupidon'']
* ''[https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]'' on ''[[Unifrance]]''
* ''[http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=257514.html%20Allociné Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]'' on ''[[Allociné]]''
* {{IMDb title|id=8523334}}
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqXoQx4Dits Philippe Lacheau an Tsukasa Hojo (北条 司) at Comic-Con Paris 2018]''

[[Category:2018 French-leid films]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on manga]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on animatit series]]
[[Category:Films based on animatit televeesion series]]
[[Category:French crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 crime comedy films]]
[[Category:City Hunter]]
[[Category:Films set in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Slapstick films]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:2018 French films]]
[[Category:French-leid crime comedy films]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921361</id>
      <parentid>921359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T16:08:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="9664" sha1="qqw9pfb5ws9i87abfv773qkpsj902kn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|title=Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon - la critique du film|work=www.avoir-alire.com|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014748/https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|archive-date=2019-02-04|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.unifrance.org|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113042/https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|archive-date=2018-06-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marc Fiszman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philippe Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pierre Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[City Hunter]]''|[[Tsukasa Hojo]]}}
| starring       =
{{plainlist|
* Philippe Lacheau
* [[Élodie Fontan]]
* [[Tarek Boudali]]
* [[Didier Bourdon]]
* [[Pamela Anderson]]
}}
| music          = Michael Tordjman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Maxime Desprez&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| studio         = Les Films du 24&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Axel Films&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|title=Nicky Larson – Le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.tout-mon-univers.com|date=2019-01-06|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315185655/http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| distributor    = [[Sony Pictures Releasing International|Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| released       = {{film date|df=yes|2018|12|15|premiere|2019|2|6|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|title=Une première affiche pour le &quot;Nicky Larson&quot; de Philippe Lacheau|first=Yannick |last=Vely |website=[[Paris Match]] |date=2018-06-08|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021125057/https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|archive-date=2018-10-21|url-status=live|df=dmy-all |lang=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;/&gt;}}
| runtime        = 91 meenit&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kinepolis.fr/films/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de cupidon|website=Kinepolis|access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| gross          = {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;/&gt;
}}

'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script. The film starns Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali an Julien Arruti in lead roles, alang wi Didier Bourdon, Kamel Guenfoud, Sophie Mousel an Pamela Anderson in supportin roles. It wis lowsed on 6 Februar 2019.

== Owerview ==
Nicky Larson is an unuisual private investigator, a talentit street fechter, an a sniper that is aften cawed on tae solve problems that nae ane can solve. Aidit bi his pairtner Laura, he offers mony services tae his customers, mair or less dangerous. But, as professional an kenspeckle as he is, he haes a major flaw: his pairticulairly exacerbatit penchant fur the fairer sex, that poses a feck o worries tae Laura.

Ane o his clients entrusts him wi a mission tae proteck &quot;Cupid's perfume&quot;, a fragrance that maks onyane wha weirs it absolutely irresistible. But a moment o distraction on Larson's pairt allou thugs tae seize it. Nicky Larson maun then rekiver the perfume, that involves a trip tae Monaco.

== Cast ==
The chairacters are cried as thay are kent in the French dubbit version o the anime series, whiles the Japanese dubbit version o the film uises thair oreeginal names.

* Philippe Lacheau as Nicky Larson (Ryo Saeba)
* Élodie Fontan as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura)
* Tarek Boudali as Poncho
* Julien Arruti as Gilbert Skippy
* Didier Bourdon as Dominique Lettelier
* Kamel Guenfoud as Mammouth (Umibozu)
* Sophie Mousel as Hélène Lamberti (Saeko Nogami)
* Raphaël Personnaz as Tony Marconi (Hideyuki Makimura)
* Pamela Anderson as Jessica Fox
* Gérard Jugnot as the psychologist
* Chantal Ladesou as Gilbert's mither-in-law
* Audrey Lamy as Gilbert's wife
* Jarry as the mayor Mokkori
* Reem Kherici as the tattooed lass
* Pascal Boisson as Paco
* Jérôme Le Banner as Joe
* Arben Bajraktaraj as Black Gloves
* Achille Potier as Jordan, Gilbert's son
* Elisa Bachir Bey as a model
* Adja Kaba as a model
* Noémie Demeule as a model
* Liya Kebede as the professor's dochter
* Dorothée as a stewardess &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jean-Paul Césari as the sangster at the Fashion Polis pairty &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Ropion as the telly reporter &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Medi Sadoun as the lie detector inspector &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;

== Promotion ==
At the Comic Con Paris in October 2018, it wis revealed that Jean-Paul Césari an Vincent Ropion wad mak cameos in the film. The furst bein the interpreter o the French credits sang o the animatit series whiles the seicont is the French vyce o the main chairacter.

== Release ==
''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon'' wis previewed ower maist o Fraunce on 15 December 2018, afore its naitional lowse on 6 Februar 2019, the same in Swisserland. 13 February 2019, the film wis lowsed in Belgium, on 14 Mairch 2019 in Thailand an on 23 Mey 2019 in Roushie unner the title ''Undercover Playboy''. The film debuted in Japan on 29 November 2019 as {{nihongo4|''City Hunter the Movie: Shijōsaikō no Mission''|シティーハンター THE MOVIE 史上最香のミッション||}}.

=== Box office ===
The film debuted at #3 in Fraunce, wi an appenin weekend gross o €3,111,807 ($3,515,249). In Fraunce, the film selt mair nor 1{{nbsp}}million tickets an grossed €8,817,024 ($10,031,595) bi 24 Februar 2019. As o 31 Mairch 2019, the film haes selt 1,684,350 ticket an grossed $12,898,742 in Fraunce.

The film lowsed in Japan on 29 November 2019, debutin at #8 an grossin {{JPY|47,883,700}} frae 38,676 admission in its furst three days. As o 15 December 2019, the film haes grossed {{JPY|144,586,600}} ($1,321,874) in Japan. In tot, the film haes selt 1,903,808 ticket an grossed $14,702,744 warldwide, as o 15 December 2019.

=== Reception ===
On 14 December 2018, the day afore the premiere, Simon Riaux, in his review fur ''Écran large'', wrate: ... &quot;the film sends a haundfu o bytimes hilarious images, bytimes imbued wi unexpectit prettiness (...) in subjective veesion in quilted pursuit&quot;, but &quot;the story manages tae hauld an astonishin harmony atween pastiche an furst degree. (...) The collogues appear mair nor ance as the main weak pynt o the team&quot;. Frédéric Mignard frae ''Avoir-alire'' admits that it is &quot;probably the maist sympathetic film o its author syne the ''Babysitting''s, far frae the recent shipwrecks in comic strip adaptation, lik that o ''Gaston Lagaffe''. (...) Tae tell the truith, the misunnerstaundins gags an the astonishin situations are teepical o the wirk o Lacheau (...) an as ane is niver bored nor haes the impression o waistin his time, ane meys pardon him his few airtistic wanderins.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot; /&gt;

On the ither side, Alexandre Lazerges o ''GQ'' wrate that &quot;Philippe Lacheau is warse nor ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'', destroyin a cult manga maugre the presence o Pamela Anderson an Dorothée&quot;

== See an aw ==

* ''City Hunter''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://medias.unifrance.org/medias/165/16/200869/presse/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-dossier-de-presse-francais.pdf Offeecial press kit o ''Nicky Larson et le Parfum du Cupidon'']
* ''[https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]'' on ''[[Unifrance]]''
* ''[http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=257514.html%20Allociné Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]'' on ''[[Allociné]]''
* {{IMDb title|id=8523334}}
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqXoQx4Dits Philippe Lacheau an Tsukasa Hojo (北条 司) at Comic-Con Paris 2018]''

[[Category:2018 French-leid films]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on manga]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on animatit series]]
[[Category:Films based on animatit televeesion series]]
[[Category:French crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 crime comedy films]]
[[Category:City Hunter]]
[[Category:Films set in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Slapstick films]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:2018 French films]]
[[Category:French-leid crime comedy films]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9823" sha1="a6mcdodii4cpchmmey4qhtxq0hp4unm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|title=Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon - la critique du film|work=www.avoir-alire.com|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014748/https://www.avoir-alire.com/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-la-critique-du-film|archive-date=2019-02-04|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = [[Christophe Cervoni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.unifrance.org|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113042/https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson|archive-date=2018-06-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;Marc Fiszman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| writer         = Julien Arruti&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philippe Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pierre Lacheau&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[City Hunter]]''|[[Tsukasa Hojo]]}}
| starring       =
{{plainlist|
* Philippe Lacheau
* [[Élodie Fontan]]
* [[Tarek Boudali]]
* [[Didier Bourdon]]
* [[Pamela Anderson]]
}}
| music          = Michael Tordjman&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Maxime Desprez&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;/&gt;
| studio         = Les Films du 24&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Axel Films&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tout-mon-univers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|title=Nicky Larson – Le parfum de Cupidon|work=www.tout-mon-univers.com|date=2019-01-06|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315185655/http://www.tout-mon-univers.com/cinema/nicky-larson-le-parfum-de-cupidon/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| distributor    = [[Sony Pictures Releasing International|Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| released       = {{film date|df=yes|2018|12|15|premiere|2019|2|6|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|title=Une première affiche pour le &quot;Nicky Larson&quot; de Philippe Lacheau|first=Yannick |last=Vely |website=[[Paris Match]] |date=2018-06-08|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021125057/https://www.parismatch.com/Culture/Cinema/Une-premiere-affiche-pour-le-Nicky-Larson-de-Philippe-Lacheau-1534811|archive-date=2018-10-21|url-status=live|df=dmy-all |lang=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot;/&gt;}}
| runtime        = 91 meenit&lt;ref name=&quot;Unifrance&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kinepolis.fr/films/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon|title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de cupidon|website=Kinepolis|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315185656/https://kinepolis.fr/films/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| gross          = {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;/&gt;
}}

'''''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon''''' (French pronunciation: &amp;#x5B;niki laʁsɔn e lə paʁfœ̃ də kypidɔ̃&amp;#x5D;; forby kent as '''''City Hunter''''') is a 2018 French action comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti an Pierre Lacheau. It is an adaptation o the Japanese manga an anime series ''City Hunter'' (kent as ''Nicky Larson'' in Fraunce) bi Tsukasa Hojo, wha greed tae the adaptation efter readin the script. The film starns Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali an Julien Arruti in lead roles, alang wi Didier Bourdon, Kamel Guenfoud, Sophie Mousel an Pamela Anderson in supportin roles. It wis lowsed on 6 Februar 2019.

== Owerview ==
Nicky Larson is an unuisual private investigator, a talentit street fechter, an a sniper that is aften cawed on tae solve problems that nae ane can solve. Aidit bi his pairtner Laura, he offers mony services tae his customers, mair or less dangerous. But, as professional an kenspeckle as he is, he haes a major flaw: his pairticulairly exacerbatit penchant fur the fairer sex, that poses a feck o worries tae Laura.

Ane o his clients entrusts him wi a mission tae proteck &quot;Cupid's perfume&quot;, a fragrance that maks onyane wha weirs it absolutely irresistible. But a moment o distraction on Larson's pairt allou thugs tae seize it. Nicky Larson maun then rekiver the perfume, that involves a trip tae Monaco.

== Cast ==
The chairacters are cried as thay are kent in the French dubbit version o the anime series, whiles the Japanese dubbit version o the film uises thair oreeginal names.

* Philippe Lacheau as Nicky Larson (Ryo Saeba)
* Élodie Fontan as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura)
* Tarek Boudali as Poncho
* Julien Arruti as Gilbert Skippy
* Didier Bourdon as Dominique Lettelier
* Kamel Guenfoud as Mammouth (Umibozu)
* Sophie Mousel as Hélène Lamberti (Saeko Nogami)
* Raphaël Personnaz as Tony Marconi (Hideyuki Makimura)
* Pamela Anderson as Jessica Fox
* Gérard Jugnot as the psychologist
* Chantal Ladesou as Gilbert's mither-in-law
* Audrey Lamy as Gilbert's wife
* Jarry as the mayor Mokkori
* Reem Kherici as the tattooed lass
* Pascal Boisson as Paco
* Jérôme Le Banner as Joe
* Arben Bajraktaraj as Black Gloves
* Achille Potier as Jordan, Gilbert's son
* Elisa Bachir Bey as a model
* Adja Kaba as a model
* Noémie Demeule as a model
* Liya Kebede as the professor's dochter
* Dorothée as a stewardess &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jean-Paul Césari as the sangster at the Fashion Polis pairty &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Ropion as the telly reporter &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;
* Medi Sadoun as the lie detector inspector &lt;small&gt;(cameo appearance)&lt;/small&gt;

== Promotion ==
At the Comic Con Paris in October 2018, it wis revealed that Jean-Paul Césari an Vincent Ropion wad mak cameos in the film. The furst bein the interpreter o the French credits sang o the animatit series whiles the seicont is the French vyce o the main chairacter.

== Release ==
''Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon'' wis previewed ower maist o Fraunce on 15 December 2018, afore its naitional lowse on 6 Februar 2019, the same in Swisserland. 13 February 2019, the film wis lowsed in Belgium, on 14 Mairch 2019 in Thailand an on 23 Mey 2019 in Roushie unner the title ''Undercover Playboy''. The film debuted in Japan on 29 November 2019 as {{nihongo4|''City Hunter the Movie: Shijōsaikō no Mission''|シティーハンター THE MOVIE 史上最香のミッション||}}.

=== Box office ===
The film debuted at #3 in Fraunce, wi an appenin weekend gross o €3,111,807 ($3,515,249). In Fraunce, the film selt mair nor 1{{nbsp}}million tickets an grossed €8,817,024 ($10,031,595) bi 24 Februar 2019. As o 31 Mairch 2019, the film haes selt 1,684,350 ticket an grossed $12,898,742 in Fraunce.

The film lowsed in Japan on 29 November 2019, debutin at #8 an grossin {{JPY|47,883,700}} frae 38,676 admission in its furst three days. As o 15 December 2019, the film haes grossed {{JPY|144,586,600}} ($1,321,874) in Japan. In tot, the film haes selt 1,903,808 ticket an grossed $14,702,744 warldwide, as o 15 December 2019.

=== Reception ===
On 14 December 2018, the day afore the premiere, Simon Riaux, in his review fur ''Écran large'', wrate: ... &quot;the film sends a haundfu o bytimes hilarious images, bytimes imbued wi unexpectit prettiness (...) in subjective veesion in quilted pursuit&quot;, but &quot;the story manages tae hauld an astonishin harmony atween pastiche an furst degree. (...) The collogues appear mair nor ance as the main weak pynt o the team&quot;. Frédéric Mignard frae ''Avoir-alire'' admits that it is &quot;probably the maist sympathetic film o its author syne the ''Babysitting''s, far frae the recent shipwrecks in comic strip adaptation, lik that o ''Gaston Lagaffe''. (...) Tae tell the truith, the misunnerstaundins gags an the astonishin situations are teepical o the wirk o Lacheau (...) an as ane is niver bored nor haes the impression o waistin his time, ane meys pardon him his few airtistic wanderins.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;avoir-alire&quot; /&gt;

On the ither side, Alexandre Lazerges o ''GQ'' wrate that &quot;Philippe Lacheau is warse nor ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'', destroyin a cult manga maugre the presence o Pamela Anderson an Dorothée&quot;

== See an aw ==

* ''City Hunter''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://medias.unifrance.org/medias/165/16/200869/presse/nicky-larson-et-le-parfum-de-cupidon-dossier-de-presse-francais.pdf Offeecial press kit o ''Nicky Larson et le Parfum du Cupidon'']
* ''[https://www.unifrance.org/film/45506/nicky-larson Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]'' on ''[[Unifrance]]''
* ''[http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=257514.html%20Allociné Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]'' on ''[[Allociné]]''
* {{IMDb title|id=8523334}}
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqXoQx4Dits Philippe Lacheau an Tsukasa Hojo (北条 司) at Comic-Con Paris 2018]''

[[Category:2018 French-leid films]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on manga]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on animatit series]]
[[Category:Films based on animatit televeesion series]]
[[Category:French crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 crime comedy films]]
[[Category:City Hunter]]
[[Category:Films set in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Slapstick films]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:2018 French films]]
[[Category:French-leid crime comedy films]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Super-héros malgré lui</title>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''''Super-héros malgré lui''''' (forby kent as '''''Superwho?''''' an '''''Badman''''') is a 2021 French superhero comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau, wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan an Pierre Lacheau. It starns Philippe Lacheau, Tarek Boudali, Julien Arruti, Élodie Fontan, Alice Dufour, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Amr Waked, an Georges Corraface. The film premiered on 14 November in Sarrebourg afore its naitionwide launch on 2 Februar 2022...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1801" sha1="cn7fx92i8szyk5n28gxe26nh9i01i2o" xml:space="preserve">'''''Super-héros malgré lui''''' (forby kent as '''''Superwho?''''' an '''''Badman''''') is a 2021 French superhero comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau, wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan an Pierre Lacheau. It starns Philippe Lacheau, Tarek Boudali, Julien Arruti, Élodie Fontan, Alice Dufour, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Amr Waked, an Georges Corraface. The film premiered on 14 November in Sarrebourg afore its naitionwide launch on 2 Februar 2022.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Cédric Dugimont / Badman
* Julien Arruti as Seb
* Tarek Boudali as Adam
* Élodie Fontan as Éléonore Dugimont
* Alice Dufour as Laure Laville
* Jean-Hugues Anglade as Michel Dugimont
* Amr Waked as Ivan Stona / Le Schizo
* Chantal Ladesou as the Producer
* Brahim Bouhlel as Jimmy
* Georges Corraface as Alain Belmont / Cloun
* Paco Boisson as José
* Rayane Bensetti as Ludovic
* Régis Laspalès as Jean-Pierre

== Production ==
Filmin begoud in August 2020 in pairts o Île-de-France, includin Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, Gif-sur-Yvette, Mennecy, an Essonne.

It wis considered tae delete a scene involvin an accidental shuitin on set owin tae its seemilarity tae a 2021 incident whan Alec Baldwin accidentally shot an killt cinematographer Halyna Hutchins on the set o ''Rust''. Whan askit aboot the scene, co-writer an actor Julien Arruti said it wis written twa years afore the ''Rust'' incident; thus, it wis decide tae keep the scene in the film.

== Release ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' premiered on 14 November 2021 in Sarrebourg an Strasbourg afore its general lowse in Fraunce on 2 Februar 2022. It wis lowsed in Japan on 15 Julie 2022 unner the title {{nihongo4|''Badman: Shijōsaitei no Superhero''|バッドマン 史上最低のスーパーヒーロー||}}.</text>
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      <text bytes="2095" sha1="091b103bg7ln1dggt8lc9n1tqdz7ekn" xml:space="preserve">'''''Super-héros malgré lui''''' (forby kent as '''''Superwho?''''' an '''''Badman''''') is a 2021 French superhero comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau, wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan an Pierre Lacheau. It starns Philippe Lacheau, Tarek Boudali, Julien Arruti, Élodie Fontan, Alice Dufour, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Amr Waked, an Georges Corraface. The film premiered on 14 November in Sarrebourg afore its naitionwide launch on 2 Februar 2022.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Cédric Dugimont / Badman
* Julien Arruti as Seb
* Tarek Boudali as Adam
* Élodie Fontan as Éléonore Dugimont
* Alice Dufour as Laure Laville
* Jean-Hugues Anglade as Michel Dugimont
* Amr Waked as Ivan Stona / Le Schizo
* Chantal Ladesou as the Producer
* Brahim Bouhlel as Jimmy
* Georges Corraface as Alain Belmont / Cloun
* Paco Boisson as José
* Rayane Bensetti as Ludovic
* Régis Laspalès as Jean-Pierre

== Production ==
Filmin begoud in August 2020 in pairts o Île-de-France, includin Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, Gif-sur-Yvette, Mennecy, an Essonne.

It wis considered tae delete a scene involvin an accidental shuitin on set owin tae its seemilarity tae a 2021 incident whan Alec Baldwin accidentally shot an killt cinematographer Halyna Hutchins on the set o ''Rust''. Whan askit aboot the scene, co-writer an actor Julien Arruti said it wis written twa years afore the ''Rust'' incident; thus, it wis decide tae keep the scene in the film.

== Release ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' premiered on 14 November 2021 in Sarrebourg an Strasbourg afore its general lowse in Fraunce on 2 Februar 2022. It wis lowsed in Japan on 15 Julie 2022 unner the title {{nihongo4|''Badman: Shijōsaitei no Superhero''|バッドマン 史上最低のスーパーヒーロー||}}.

== Box office an reception ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' debuted at #1 in Fraunce, sellin 142,435 ticket at 688 theatre. It earnt a warldwide gross o {{USD}}14,770,359.

The film wis met wi mixed reviews. AlloCiné haes the film ratit at twa-an-a-hauf oot o five starns, based on 19 review.</text>
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| name           = Super-héros malgré lui
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CineSar&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cinesar-sarrebourg.fr/evenement/1952330-avant-premiere-du-film-super-heros-malgre-lui-en-presence-de-l-equipe |title=Avant-Première du film &quot;Super-Héros Malgré lui&quot; en présence de l'équipe |work=CineSar |date=2021-11-14 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allocine&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.allocine.fr/diaporamas/cinema/diaporama-18693185/ |title=Philippe Lacheau dans Super-héros malgré lui : une photo et une date de sortie |first=Laëtitia |last=Forhan |website=[[AlloCiné]] |date=2020-09-24 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Actu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://actu.fr/ile-de-france/rueil-malmaison_92063/le-realisateur-d-alibi-com-tourne-son-prochain-film-a-rueil-malmaison-restrictions-de-circulation_36284578.html |title=Le réalisateur d'Alibi.com tourne son prochain film à Rueil-Malmaison : restrictions de circulation |website=actu.fr |date=2020-09-22 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = 
{{plainlist|
* Julien Deris
* David Gauquié
* Philippe Lacheau
}}
| writer         = 
{{plainlist|
* Julien Arruti&lt;ref name=&quot;Lorrain&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/culture-loisirs/2021/11/14/sarrebourg-philippe-lacheau-et-julien-arruti-presentent-leur-film-super-heros-malgre-lui-a-cinesar |title=Sarrebourg : Philippe Lacheau et Julien Arruti présentent leur film &quot;Super-héros malgré lui&quot; à CinéSar |newspaper=[[Le Républicain Lorrain]] |date=2021-11-14 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Pierre Dudan
* Philippe Lacheau
* Pierre Lacheau
}}
| starring       =
{{plainlist|
* Philippe Lacheau
* Julien Arruti
* [[Tarek Boudali]]
* [[Élodie Fontan]]
* Alice Dufour
* [[Jean-Hugues Anglade]]
* [[Georges Corraface]]
}}
| music          = 
{{plainlist|
* Maxime Desprez
* Michaël Tordjman
}}
| cinematography = Vincent Richard
| editing        = 
{{plainlist|
* Marc David
* Antoine Vareille
}}
| studio         = 
{{plainlist|
* BAF Productions
* Cinéfrance
* [[TF1]]
}}
| distributor    = [[StudioCanal]]
| released       = {{film date|df=yes|2021|11|14|premiere|2022|02|02}}&lt;ref name=&quot;CineSar&quot;/&gt;
| runtime        = 82 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $16.8 million &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=20986 | title=Super-héros malgré lui (2022) - JP Box-Office }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = {{US$|14.8 million|long=no}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mojo&quot;&gt;{{Mojo title|13774454|Superwho?}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Super-héros malgré lui''''' (forby kent as '''''Superwho?''''' an '''''Badman''''') is a 2021 French superhero comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau, wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan an Pierre Lacheau. It starns Philippe Lacheau, Tarek Boudali, Julien Arruti, Élodie Fontan, Alice Dufour, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Amr Waked, an Georges Corraface. The film premiered on 14 November in Sarrebourg afore its naitionwide launch on 2 Februar 2022.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Cédric Dugimont / Badman
* Julien Arruti as Seb
* Tarek Boudali as Adam
* Élodie Fontan as Éléonore Dugimont
* Alice Dufour as Laure Laville
* Jean-Hugues Anglade as Michel Dugimont
* Amr Waked as Ivan Stona / Le Schizo
* Chantal Ladesou as the Producer
* Brahim Bouhlel as Jimmy
* Georges Corraface as Alain Belmont / Cloun
* Paco Boisson as José
* Rayane Bensetti as Ludovic
* Régis Laspalès as Jean-Pierre

== Production ==
Filmin begoud in August 2020 in pairts o Île-de-France, includin Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, Gif-sur-Yvette, Mennecy, an Essonne.

It wis considered tae delete a scene involvin an accidental shuitin on set owin tae its seemilarity tae a 2021 incident whan Alec Baldwin accidentally shot an killt cinematographer Halyna Hutchins on the set o ''Rust''. Whan askit aboot the scene, co-writer an actor Julien Arruti said it wis written twa years afore the ''Rust'' incident; thus, it wis decide tae keep the scene in the film.

== Release ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' premiered on 14 November 2021 in Sarrebourg an Strasbourg afore its general lowse in Fraunce on 2 Februar 2022. It wis lowsed in Japan on 15 Julie 2022 unner the title {{nihongo4|''Badman: Shijōsaitei no Superhero''|バッドマン 史上最低のスーパーヒーロー||}}.

== Box office an reception ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' debuted at #1 in Fraunce, sellin 142,435 ticket at 688 theatre. It earnt a warldwide gross o {{USD}}14,770,359.

The film wis met wi mixed reviews. AlloCiné haes the film ratit at twa-an-a-hauf oot o five starns, based on 19 review.</text>
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      <text bytes="5322" sha1="esarowbyueoxzbrarfupb1fulxvn9j3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Super-héros malgré lui
| image          = 
| caption        = Theatrical lowse poster
| director       = [[Philippe Lacheau]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CineSar&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cinesar-sarrebourg.fr/evenement/1952330-avant-premiere-du-film-super-heros-malgre-lui-en-presence-de-l-equipe |title=Avant-Première du film &quot;Super-Héros Malgré lui&quot; en présence de l'équipe |work=CineSar |date=2021-11-14 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allocine&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.allocine.fr/diaporamas/cinema/diaporama-18693185/ |title=Philippe Lacheau dans Super-héros malgré lui : une photo et une date de sortie |first=Laëtitia |last=Forhan |website=[[AlloCiné]] |date=2020-09-24 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Actu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://actu.fr/ile-de-france/rueil-malmaison_92063/le-realisateur-d-alibi-com-tourne-son-prochain-film-a-rueil-malmaison-restrictions-de-circulation_36284578.html |title=Le réalisateur d'Alibi.com tourne son prochain film à Rueil-Malmaison : restrictions de circulation |website=actu.fr |date=2020-09-22 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| producer       = 
{{plainlist|
* Julien Deris
* David Gauquié
* Philippe Lacheau
}}
| writer         = 
{{plainlist|
* Julien Arruti&lt;ref name=&quot;Lorrain&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/culture-loisirs/2021/11/14/sarrebourg-philippe-lacheau-et-julien-arruti-presentent-leur-film-super-heros-malgre-lui-a-cinesar |title=Sarrebourg : Philippe Lacheau et Julien Arruti présentent leur film &quot;Super-héros malgré lui&quot; à CinéSar |newspaper=[[Le Républicain Lorrain]] |date=2021-11-14 |access-date=2026-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Pierre Dudan
* Philippe Lacheau
* Pierre Lacheau
}}
| starring       =
{{plainlist|
* Philippe Lacheau
* Julien Arruti
* [[Tarek Boudali]]
* [[Élodie Fontan]]
* Alice Dufour
* [[Jean-Hugues Anglade]]
* [[Georges Corraface]]
}}
| music          = 
{{plainlist|
* Maxime Desprez
* Michaël Tordjman
}}
| cinematography = Vincent Richard
| editing        = 
{{plainlist|
* Marc David
* Antoine Vareille
}}
| studio         = 
{{plainlist|
* BAF Productions
* Cinéfrance
* [[TF1]]
}}
| distributor    = [[StudioCanal]]
| released       = {{film date|df=yes|2021|11|14|premiere|2022|02|02}}&lt;ref name=&quot;CineSar&quot;/&gt;
| runtime        = 82 meenit
| country        = Fraunce
| language       = French
| budget         = $16.8 million &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=20986 | title=Super-héros malgré lui (2022) - JP Box-Office }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = {{US$|14.8 million|long=no}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mojo&quot;&gt;{{Mojo title|13774454|Superwho?}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''''Super-héros malgré lui''''' (forby kent as '''''Superwho?''''' an '''''Badman''''') is a 2021 French superhero comedy film directit bi Philippe Lacheau, wha forby co-wrate the screenpley wi Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan an Pierre Lacheau. It starns Philippe Lacheau, Tarek Boudali, Julien Arruti, Élodie Fontan, Alice Dufour, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Amr Waked, an Georges Corraface. The film premiered on 14 November in Sarrebourg afore its naitionwide launch on 2 Februar 2022.

== Cast ==

* Philippe Lacheau as Cédric Dugimont / Badman
* Julien Arruti as Seb
* Tarek Boudali as Adam
* Élodie Fontan as Éléonore Dugimont
* Alice Dufour as Laure Laville
* Jean-Hugues Anglade as Michel Dugimont
* Amr Waked as Ivan Stona / Le Schizo
* Chantal Ladesou as the Producer
* Brahim Bouhlel as Jimmy
* Georges Corraface as Alain Belmont / Cloun
* Paco Boisson as José
* Rayane Bensetti as Ludovic
* Régis Laspalès as Jean-Pierre

== Production ==
Filmin begoud in August 2020 in pairts o Île-de-France, includin Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, Gif-sur-Yvette, Mennecy, an Essonne.

It wis considered tae delete a scene involvin an accidental shuitin on set owin tae its seemilarity tae a 2021 incident whan Alec Baldwin accidentally shot an killt cinematographer Halyna Hutchins on the set o ''Rust''. Whan askit aboot the scene, co-writer an actor Julien Arruti said it wis written twa years afore the ''Rust'' incident; thus, it wis decide tae keep the scene in the film.

== Release ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' premiered on 14 November 2021 in Sarrebourg an Strasbourg afore its general lowse in Fraunce on 2 Februar 2022. It wis lowsed in Japan on 15 Julie 2022 unner the title {{nihongo4|''Badman: Shijōsaitei no Superhero''|バッドマン 史上最低のスーパーヒーロー||}}.

== Box office an reception ==
''Super-héros malgré lui'' debuted at #1 in Fraunce, sellin 142,435 ticket at 688 theatre. It earnt a warldwide gross o {{USD}}14,770,359.

The film wis met wi mixed reviews. AlloCiné haes the film ratit at twa-an-a-hauf oot o five starns, based on 19 review.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{IMDb title|id=13774454}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2021 French films]]
[[Category:2021 French-leid films]]
[[Category:2020s parody films]]
[[Category:2020s superhero comedy films]]
[[Category:Film superheroes]]
[[Category:Films aboot actors]]
[[Category:Films aboot amnesia]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Philippe Lacheau]]
[[Category:Films set in Paris]]
[[Category:Films shot in Paris]]
[[Category:French action comedy films]]
[[Category:Slapstick films]]
[[Category:StudioCanal films]]</text>
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    <title>Philippe Lacheau</title>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''Philippe Lacheau''' (; born 25 Juin 1980) is a French actor, director an writer.  == Career == Frae 2002 tae 2010, Philippe Lacheau wirkit on French telly fur seevral TV programme lik the &quot;Casting Live&quot; (2002), &quot;Total Fun&quot; (2003) an &quot;Pour le meilleur et pour le fun&quot; (2004). He forby wirk wi Karl Zéro on &quot;C’est quoi ce jeu ?&quot; (2004), Michel Denisot on ''Le Grand Journal'' (2005–07). In 2009, he is a pairt o the French ''Silent Library (TV series)'' produces bi Christop...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="565" sha1="ierxzih35va7g1ohqn637pz8j829p6i" xml:space="preserve">'''Philippe Lacheau''' (; born 25 Juin 1980) is a French actor, director an writer.

== Career ==
Frae 2002 tae 2010, Philippe Lacheau wirkit on French telly fur seevral TV programme lik the &quot;Casting Live&quot; (2002), &quot;Total Fun&quot; (2003) an &quot;Pour le meilleur et pour le fun&quot; (2004). He forby wirk wi Karl Zéro on &quot;C’est quoi ce jeu ?&quot; (2004), Michel Denisot on ''Le Grand Journal'' (2005–07). In 2009, he is a pairt o the French ''Silent Library (TV series)'' produces bi Christophe Dechavanne an he jyned the team o Laurent Ruquier fur a couple o his TV programme.</text>
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      <text bytes="4997" sha1="6su37q6gb4pzzf5hwawgkaz2yaaobu4" xml:space="preserve">'''Philippe Lacheau''' (; born 25 Juin 1980) is a French actor, director an writer.

== Career ==
Frae 2002 tae 2010, Philippe Lacheau wirkit on French telly fur seevral TV programme lik the &quot;Casting Live&quot; (2002), &quot;Total Fun&quot; (2003) an &quot;Pour le meilleur et pour le fun&quot; (2004). He forby wirk wi Karl Zéro on &quot;C’est quoi ce jeu ?&quot; (2004), Michel Denisot on ''Le Grand Journal'' (2005–07). In 2009, he is a pairt o the French ''Silent Library (TV series)'' produces bi Christophe Dechavanne an he jyned the team o Laurent Ruquier fur a couple o his TV programme.

==Filmography==

===Actor===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! Notes
|-
|| 2010
| ''[[Heartbreaker (2010 film)|Heartbreaker]]''
| The ladfreend
| [[Pascal Chaumeil]]
|
|-
|| 2012
| ''Stars 80''
| Martial
| [[Frédéric Forestier]] &amp; [[Thomas Langmann]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 2013
| ''La grande boucle''
| The commentator
| [[Laurent Tuel]]
|
|-
| ''Paris à tout prix''
| Firmin Aimory
| [[Reem Kherici]]
| Writer an aa
|-
| rowspan=2| 2014
| ''[[Babysitting (film)|Babysitting]]''
| Franck
| Nicolas Benamou &amp; Philippe Lacheau
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
| ''[[Scènes de ménages]]''
| Marion's brither
| Francis Duquet
| TV series (1 episode)
|-
|| 2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
| Franck
| Nicolas Benamou &amp; Philippe Lacheau (2)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2016
| ''[[The Secret Life of Pets]]''
| Max
| [[Chris Renaud (animator)|Chris Renaud]] &amp; [[Yarrow Cheney]]
| French Vyce
|-
|rowspan=2| 2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Grégory Van Huffel
| Philippe Lacheau (3)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
| ''[[Épouse-moi mon pote]]''
| Fred
| [[Tarek Boudali]]
| 
|-
|| 2018
| ''[[Brillantissime]]''
| 
| [[Michèle Laroque]]
| 
|-
|| 2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Nicky Larson
| Philippe Lacheau (4)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2019
| ''[[City Hunter|City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes]]''
| Shinji Mikuni/Christopher King
| Kenji Kodama
| Vyce &lt;br /&gt; French dub
|-
|| 2020
| ''[[30 JOURS MAX]]''
| Tony
| [[Tarek Boudali]]
| 
|-
|| 2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Cédric Dugimont / Badman
| Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan, Pierre Lacheau &amp; Philippe Lacheau (5)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2023
| ''[[Alibi.com 2]]''
| Grégory Van Huffel
| Philippe Lacheau (6)
| 
|-
|2024
|Heros Nick Lion And Mouse
|Philippe
|Pierre Palmade
|Director &amp; Writer an aa
|}

===Director / Writer===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Box Office
! Notes
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Babysitting (film)|Babysitting]]''
| $20.3 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14191 |title=Babysitting (2014) |publisher=JPBox-Office |date=16 Aprile 2014 |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alpe d'Huez Internaitional Comedy Film Fest - Audience Awaird&lt;br /&gt;Alpe d'Huez Internaitional Comedy Film Fest - Featur Film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
| {{US$|24.6 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Babysitting 2 (All Gone South) (2015) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2015W49&amp;id=_fBABYSITTING201 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| {{US$|29.4 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alibi.com |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2017W42&amp;id=_fALIBICOM01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BWetYvAhZho/ | title=Philippe Lacheau on Instagram: &quot;Les amis, je suis très fier de vous annoncer mon prochain film !(avec les copains bien sûr) Joie immense d'adapter et réaliser au cinéma le dessin animé de mon enfance Nicky Larson ! C'est un rêve de gosse qui se réalise. Nous allons tout faire pour ne pas décevoir toute la génération Club Dorothée qui ont connu Nicky Larson et faire découvrir aux autres générations ce détective hors du commun, à la fois drôle et brillant. Nous sommes en pleine écriture, tournage l'année prochaine 🎉 #hatehatehate 😘&quot; }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2019W6&amp;id=_fNICKYLARSONETLEP01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Based on ''[[City Hunter]]'' manga an anime series
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/Super-heros-malgre-lui/1573287/ |title=Super-héros malgré lui |website=Blu-ray.com |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt13774454/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |title=Superwho? |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|2026
| ''[[Marsupilami (film)|Marsupilami]]''
|
| 
|}</text>
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      <id>921369</id>
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      <text bytes="5606" sha1="lnqs2h1119owpniky3jeb8btbkfzygg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name         = Philippe Lacheau
| image        = Philippe Lacheau Cannes 2014.jpg
| caption      = Philippe Lacheau at the [[2014 Cannes Film Fest]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|06|25}}
| years_active = 2002–present 
}}

'''Philippe Lacheau''' (; born 25 Juin 1980) is a French actor, director an writer.

== Career ==
Frae 2002 tae 2010, Philippe Lacheau wirkit on French telly fur seevral TV programme lik the &quot;Casting Live&quot; (2002), &quot;Total Fun&quot; (2003) an &quot;Pour le meilleur et pour le fun&quot; (2004). He forby wirk wi Karl Zéro on &quot;C’est quoi ce jeu ?&quot; (2004), Michel Denisot on ''Le Grand Journal'' (2005–07). In 2009, he is a pairt o the French ''Silent Library (TV series)'' produces bi Christophe Dechavanne an he jyned the team o Laurent Ruquier fur a couple o his TV programme.

==Filmography==

===Actor===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! Notes
|-
|| 2010
| ''[[Heartbreaker (2010 film)|Heartbreaker]]''
| The ladfreend
| [[Pascal Chaumeil]]
|
|-
|| 2012
| ''Stars 80''
| Martial
| [[Frédéric Forestier]] &amp; [[Thomas Langmann]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 2013
| ''La grande boucle''
| The commentator
| [[Laurent Tuel]]
|
|-
| ''Paris à tout prix''
| Firmin Aimory
| [[Reem Kherici]]
| Writer an aa
|-
| rowspan=2| 2014
| ''[[Babysitting (film)|Babysitting]]''
| Franck
| Nicolas Benamou &amp; Philippe Lacheau
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
| ''[[Scènes de ménages]]''
| Marion's brither
| Francis Duquet
| TV series (1 episode)
|-
|| 2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
| Franck
| Nicolas Benamou &amp; Philippe Lacheau (2)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2016
| ''[[The Secret Life of Pets]]''
| Max
| [[Chris Renaud (animator)|Chris Renaud]] &amp; [[Yarrow Cheney]]
| French Vyce
|-
|rowspan=2| 2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Grégory Van Huffel
| Philippe Lacheau (3)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
| ''[[Épouse-moi mon pote]]''
| Fred
| [[Tarek Boudali]]
| 
|-
|| 2018
| ''[[Brillantissime]]''
| 
| [[Michèle Laroque]]
| 
|-
|| 2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Nicky Larson
| Philippe Lacheau (4)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2019
| ''[[City Hunter|City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes]]''
| Shinji Mikuni/Christopher King
| Kenji Kodama
| Vyce &lt;br /&gt; French dub
|-
|| 2020
| ''[[30 JOURS MAX]]''
| Tony
| [[Tarek Boudali]]
| 
|-
|| 2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Cédric Dugimont / Badman
| Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan, Pierre Lacheau &amp; Philippe Lacheau (5)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2023
| ''[[Alibi.com 2]]''
| Grégory Van Huffel
| Philippe Lacheau (6)
| 
|-
|2024
|Heros Nick Lion And Mouse
|Philippe
|Pierre Palmade
|Director &amp; Writer an aa
|}

===Director / Writer===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Box Office
! Notes
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Babysitting (film)|Babysitting]]''
| $20.3 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14191 |title=Babysitting (2014) |publisher=JPBox-Office |date=16 Aprile 2014 |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alpe d'Huez Internaitional Comedy Film Fest - Audience Awaird&lt;br /&gt;Alpe d'Huez Internaitional Comedy Film Fest - Featur Film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
| {{US$|24.6 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Babysitting 2 (All Gone South) (2015) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2015W49&amp;id=_fBABYSITTING201 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| {{US$|29.4 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alibi.com |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2017W42&amp;id=_fALIBICOM01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BWetYvAhZho/ | title=Philippe Lacheau on Instagram: &quot;Les amis, je suis très fier de vous annoncer mon prochain film !(avec les copains bien sûr) Joie immense d'adapter et réaliser au cinéma le dessin animé de mon enfance Nicky Larson ! C'est un rêve de gosse qui se réalise. Nous allons tout faire pour ne pas décevoir toute la génération Club Dorothée qui ont connu Nicky Larson et faire découvrir aux autres générations ce détective hors du commun, à la fois drôle et brillant. Nous sommes en pleine écriture, tournage l'année prochaine 🎉 #hatehatehate 😘&quot; }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2019W6&amp;id=_fNICKYLARSONETLEP01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Based on ''[[City Hunter]]'' manga an anime series
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/Super-heros-malgre-lui/1573287/ |title=Super-héros malgré lui |website=Blu-ray.com |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt13774454/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |title=Superwho? |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|2026
| ''[[Marsupilami (film)|Marsupilami]]''
|
| 
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
*{{IMDb name|3743617|Philippe Lacheau}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lacheau, Philippe}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century French male actors]]
[[Category:French film directors]]
[[Category:French screenwriters]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5628" sha1="69e4qkt4w9xj15y7cku5fy81utr1idf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name         = Philippe Lacheau
| image        = Philippe Lacheau Cannes 2014.jpg
| caption      = Philippe Lacheau at the [[2014 Cannes Film Fest]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|06|25}}
| years_active = 2002–present 
}}

'''Philippe Lacheau''' ({{IPA-fr|filip laʃo}}; born 25 Juin 1980) is a French actor, director an writer.

== Career ==
Frae 2002 tae 2010, Philippe Lacheau wirkit on French telly fur seevral TV programme lik the &quot;Casting Live&quot; (2002), &quot;Total Fun&quot; (2003) an &quot;Pour le meilleur et pour le fun&quot; (2004). He forby wirk wi Karl Zéro on &quot;C’est quoi ce jeu ?&quot; (2004), Michel Denisot on ''Le Grand Journal'' (2005–07). In 2009, he is a pairt o the French ''Silent Library (TV series)'' produces bi Christophe Dechavanne an he jyned the team o Laurent Ruquier fur a couple o his TV programme.

==Filmography==

===Actor===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! Notes
|-
|| 2010
| ''[[Heartbreaker (2010 film)|Heartbreaker]]''
| The ladfreend
| [[Pascal Chaumeil]]
|
|-
|| 2012
| ''Stars 80''
| Martial
| [[Frédéric Forestier]] &amp; [[Thomas Langmann]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 2013
| ''La grande boucle''
| The commentator
| [[Laurent Tuel]]
|
|-
| ''Paris à tout prix''
| Firmin Aimory
| [[Reem Kherici]]
| Writer an aa
|-
| rowspan=2| 2014
| ''[[Babysitting (film)|Babysitting]]''
| Franck
| Nicolas Benamou &amp; Philippe Lacheau
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
| ''[[Scènes de ménages]]''
| Marion's brither
| Francis Duquet
| TV series (1 episode)
|-
|| 2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
| Franck
| Nicolas Benamou &amp; Philippe Lacheau (2)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2016
| ''[[The Secret Life of Pets]]''
| Max
| [[Chris Renaud (animator)|Chris Renaud]] &amp; [[Yarrow Cheney]]
| French Vyce
|-
|rowspan=2| 2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Grégory Van Huffel
| Philippe Lacheau (3)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
| ''[[Épouse-moi mon pote]]''
| Fred
| [[Tarek Boudali]]
| 
|-
|| 2018
| ''[[Brillantissime]]''
| 
| [[Michèle Laroque]]
| 
|-
|| 2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Nicky Larson
| Philippe Lacheau (4)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2019
| ''[[City Hunter|City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes]]''
| Shinji Mikuni/Christopher King
| Kenji Kodama
| Vyce &lt;br /&gt; French dub
|-
|| 2020
| ''[[30 JOURS MAX]]''
| Tony
| [[Tarek Boudali]]
| 
|-
|| 2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Cédric Dugimont / Badman
| Julien Arruti, Pierre Dudan, Pierre Lacheau &amp; Philippe Lacheau (5)
| Director &amp; Writer an aa
|-
|| 2023
| ''[[Alibi.com 2]]''
| Grégory Van Huffel
| Philippe Lacheau (6)
| 
|-
|2024
|Heros Nick Lion And Mouse
|Philippe
|Pierre Palmade
|Director &amp; Writer an aa
|}

===Director / Writer===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Box Office
! Notes
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Babysitting (film)|Babysitting]]''
| $20.3 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=14191 |title=Babysitting (2014) |publisher=JPBox-Office |date=16 Aprile 2014 |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alpe d'Huez Internaitional Comedy Film Fest - Audience Awaird&lt;br /&gt;Alpe d'Huez Internaitional Comedy Film Fest - Featur Film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
| {{US$|24.6 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Babysitting 2 (All Gone South) (2015) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2015W49&amp;id=_fBABYSITTING201 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| {{US$|29.4 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Alibi.com |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2017W42&amp;id=_fALIBICOM01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BWetYvAhZho/ | title=Philippe Lacheau on Instagram: &quot;Les amis, je suis très fier de vous annoncer mon prochain film !(avec les copains bien sûr) Joie immense d'adapter et réaliser au cinéma le dessin animé de mon enfance Nicky Larson ! C'est un rêve de gosse qui se réalise. Nous allons tout faire pour ne pas décevoir toute la génération Club Dorothée qui ont connu Nicky Larson et faire découvrir aux autres générations ce détective hors du commun, à la fois drôle et brillant. Nous sommes en pleine écriture, tournage l'année prochaine 🎉 #hatehatehate 😘&quot; }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&amp;wk=2019W6&amp;id=_fNICKYLARSONETLEP01 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Based on ''[[City Hunter]]'' manga an anime series
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/Super-heros-malgre-lui/1573287/ |title=Super-héros malgré lui |website=Blu-ray.com |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{US$|14.7 million|long=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt13774454/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |title=Superwho? |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=20 August 2026|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|2026
| ''[[Marsupilami (film)|Marsupilami]]''
|
| 
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
*{{IMDb name|3743617|Philippe Lacheau}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lacheau, Philippe}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century French male actors]]
[[Category:French film directors]]
[[Category:French screenwriters]]</text>
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    <title>Élodie Fontan</title>
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      <id>921371</id>
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        <id>119895</id>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''Élodie Fontan''' (; born 9 Julie 1987) is a French actress. She haes kythed in mair nor fifteen telly an film productions syne 1996.  == Carrer == Élodie Fontan stairtit gey yung in French commercials fur Nissan, Quick an Euro Disney. She gained notoriety in 2009 bi pleyin Alyzée, Clem's best freend, in the ''Clem'' series, braidcast on TF1. In 2014, she jyned the cast o the comedy ''Serial (Bad) Weddings'' alangside Chantal Lauby an Christian Clavier.  She is pairt o L...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1258" sha1="928fo8nbgkmetvxdlew2syxo406zb29" xml:space="preserve">'''Élodie Fontan''' (; born 9 Julie 1987) is a French actress. She haes kythed in mair nor fifteen telly an film productions syne 1996.

== Carrer ==
Élodie Fontan stairtit gey yung in French commercials fur Nissan, Quick an Euro Disney. She gained notoriety in 2009 bi pleyin Alyzée, Clem's best freend, in the ''Clem'' series, braidcast on TF1. In 2014, she jyned the cast o the comedy ''Serial (Bad) Weddings'' alangside Chantal Lauby an Christian Clavier.

She is pairt o La Bande à Fifi, a French comedy troupe bringin thegither Philippe Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali, Reem Kherici an Julien Arruti.

In early 2019, she returned tae Philippe de Chauveron's sequel ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'' That same year, she wis the heroine o the mini-series ''Prise au piège'', braidcast in the furst hauf o the forenicht on M6, that gae her a dramatic role. This is the French adaptation o the Spainish series ''Vis à vis'', creatit bi Álex Pina. The programme tells the story o a yung wumman wha finds hersel in preeson efter bein accuised o homicide, even thou she is innocent.

== Philanthropy ==
She jyned in 2018 the group o Les Enfoirés.

== Personal life ==
Syne 2016, she haes been in a relationship wi Philippe Lacheau.</text>
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      <id>921372</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="4335" sha1="12asj4al8qe2b8lsbob7rr9bxhp9jgf" xml:space="preserve">'''Élodie Fontan''' (; born 9 Julie 1987) is a French actress. She haes kythed in mair nor fifteen telly an film productions syne 1996.

== Carrer ==
Élodie Fontan stairtit gey yung in French commercials fur Nissan, Quick an Euro Disney. She gained notoriety in 2009 bi pleyin Alyzée, Clem's best freend, in the ''Clem'' series, braidcast on TF1. In 2014, she jyned the cast o the comedy ''Serial (Bad) Weddings'' alangside Chantal Lauby an Christian Clavier.

She is pairt o La Bande à Fifi, a French comedy troupe bringin thegither Philippe Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali, Reem Kherici an Julien Arruti.

In early 2019, she returned tae Philippe de Chauveron's sequel ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'' That same year, she wis the heroine o the mini-series ''Prise au piège'', braidcast in the furst hauf o the forenicht on M6, that gae her a dramatic role. This is the French adaptation o the Spainish series ''Vis à vis'', creatit bi Álex Pina. The programme tells the story o a yung wumman wha finds hersel in preeson efter bein accuised o homicide, even thou she is innocent.

== Philanthropy ==
She jyned in 2018 the group o Les Enfoirés.

== Personal life ==
Syne 2016, she haes been in a relationship wi Philippe Lacheau.

==Filmography==

===Featur films===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1996
| ''[[The Best Job in the World (film)|The Best Job in the World]]''
| Fanny
| [[Gérard Lauzier]]
|
|-
|2014
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
|  Julie
| [[Nicolas Benamou]] &amp; [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
|2016
| ''Venise sous la neige''
|  Nathalie
| [[Elliott Covrigaru]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Florence Martin
| [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
| ''Mission Pays basque''
| Sibylle Garnier
| [[Ludovic Bernard]]
| 
|-
|2018
| ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''
| [[Flopsy Rabbit]]
| [[Will Gluck]]
| French vyce
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Laura Marconi
| Philippe Lacheau
|
|-
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings 2]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Éléonore Dugimont
| Philippe Lacheau
| 
|-
|2023
| ''Alibi.com 2''
| Flo Martin
|
|
|-
|}

===Televeesion===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1997
| ''La Croisière foll'amour''
| Strellina
| TV series (25 episode)
|-
|1998
| ''Meurtres sans risques''
| Tiphanie Gallais
| TV film
|-
|2004
| ''K.ça''
| Véro
| TV series
|-
|2005
| ''Sois le meilleur''
| Anne-Sophie
| TV film
|-
|2006
| ''Boulevard du Palais''
| Lisa Viannet 
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 5
|-
|rowspan=3|2007
| ''Marie Humbert, le secret d'une mère''
|  Estelle
| TV film
|-
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Lisa Berthier
| TV series - Saison 2 Episode 10
|-
| ''Brigade Navarro''
| Élodie Revault 
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|rowspan=4|2008
| ''Marie et Madeleine''
| Marie
| TV film
|-
| ''Pas de secrets entre nous''
| Vanessa
| TV series (4 episode)
|-
| ''[[Paris enquêtes criminelles]]''
| Claire Beaupré 
| TV series - Saison 3 Episode 4
|-
| ''Seconde chance''
| Aona
| TV series (13 episode)
|-
|2009
| ''Femmes de loi''
| Aurore
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 7
|-
|2010-2019
| ''[[Clem (TV series)|Clem]]''
| Alyzée Bertier
| TV series(48 episode)
|-
|2010
| ''[[Josephine, Guardian Angel]]''
| Alexandra
| TV series - Saison 12 Episode 12
|-
|2011
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Lisa Viannet 
| Scripted reality - Saison 1 Episode 52
|-
|2013
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Sandra Buchet
| Scripted reality - Episode ''Harassment at work''
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Cécile Carrera
| TV series - Saison 9 Episode 6
|-
| ''Duel au soleil ''
| Peggy
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|2015
| ''Un parfum de sang''
| Vanessa
| TV film
|-
|2016
| ''Starmen''
| San
| Miniseries
|-
|2019
| ''Prise au piège''
| Anna Rivière
| TV series (6 episode)
|-
|2020
| ''Meurtres en Pays Cathare''
| Pauline Franchet
| TV film
|-
|2020
| ''Big Five''
| Catherine Raimbaud
| TV series- Episode ''Le Plus Beau des Noëls''
|-
|2024
| ''[[Cat's Eyes (TV series)|Cat's Eyes]]''
| Prudence
| TV series
|}</text>
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      <text bytes="5034" sha1="in8mejlujahy075bf3sa83ptkhnauqa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name        = Élodie Fontan
| image       = Elodie Fontan Cannes 2014.jpg
| caption     = Élodie Fontan at the [[2014 Cannes Film Fest]]
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|7|9}}
| birth_place = [[Bondy]], [[Seine-Saint-Denis]], Fraunce
| occupation  = Actress
| years_active= 1996 – present
}}

'''Élodie Fontan''' (; born 9 Julie 1987) is a French actress. She haes kythed in mair nor fifteen telly an film productions syne 1996.

== Carrer ==
Élodie Fontan stairtit gey yung in French commercials fur Nissan, Quick an Euro Disney. She gained notoriety in 2009 bi pleyin Alyzée, Clem's best freend, in the ''Clem'' series, braidcast on TF1. In 2014, she jyned the cast o the comedy ''Serial (Bad) Weddings'' alangside Chantal Lauby an Christian Clavier.

She is pairt o La Bande à Fifi, a French comedy troupe bringin thegither Philippe Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali, Reem Kherici an Julien Arruti.

In early 2019, she returned tae Philippe de Chauveron's sequel ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'' That same year, she wis the heroine o the mini-series ''Prise au piège'', braidcast in the furst hauf o the forenicht on M6, that gae her a dramatic role. This is the French adaptation o the Spainish series ''Vis à vis'', creatit bi Álex Pina. The programme tells the story o a yung wumman wha finds hersel in preeson efter bein accuised o homicide, even thou she is innocent.

== Philanthropy ==
She jyned in 2018 the group o Les Enfoirés.

== Personal life ==
Syne 2016, she haes been in a relationship wi Philippe Lacheau.

==Filmography==

===Featur films===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1996
| ''[[The Best Job in the World (film)|The Best Job in the World]]''
| Fanny
| [[Gérard Lauzier]]
|
|-
|2014
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
|  Julie
| [[Nicolas Benamou]] &amp; [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
|2016
| ''Venise sous la neige''
|  Nathalie
| [[Elliott Covrigaru]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Florence Martin
| [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
| ''Mission Pays basque''
| Sibylle Garnier
| [[Ludovic Bernard]]
| 
|-
|2018
| ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''
| [[Flopsy Rabbit]]
| [[Will Gluck]]
| French vyce
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Laura Marconi
| Philippe Lacheau
|
|-
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings 2]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Éléonore Dugimont
| Philippe Lacheau
| 
|-
|2023
| ''Alibi.com 2''
| Flo Martin
|
|
|-
|}

===Televeesion===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1997
| ''La Croisière foll'amour''
| Strellina
| TV series (25 episode)
|-
|1998
| ''Meurtres sans risques''
| Tiphanie Gallais
| TV film
|-
|2004
| ''K.ça''
| Véro
| TV series
|-
|2005
| ''Sois le meilleur''
| Anne-Sophie
| TV film
|-
|2006
| ''Boulevard du Palais''
| Lisa Viannet 
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 5
|-
|rowspan=3|2007
| ''Marie Humbert, le secret d'une mère''
|  Estelle
| TV film
|-
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Lisa Berthier
| TV series - Saison 2 Episode 10
|-
| ''Brigade Navarro''
| Élodie Revault 
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|rowspan=4|2008
| ''Marie et Madeleine''
| Marie
| TV film
|-
| ''Pas de secrets entre nous''
| Vanessa
| TV series (4 episode)
|-
| ''[[Paris enquêtes criminelles]]''
| Claire Beaupré 
| TV series - Saison 3 Episode 4
|-
| ''Seconde chance''
| Aona
| TV series (13 episode)
|-
|2009
| ''Femmes de loi''
| Aurore
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 7
|-
|2010-2019
| ''[[Clem (TV series)|Clem]]''
| Alyzée Bertier
| TV series(48 episode)
|-
|2010
| ''[[Josephine, Guardian Angel]]''
| Alexandra
| TV series - Saison 12 Episode 12
|-
|2011
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Lisa Viannet 
| Scripted reality - Saison 1 Episode 52
|-
|2013
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Sandra Buchet
| Scripted reality - Episode ''Harassment at work''
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Cécile Carrera
| TV series - Saison 9 Episode 6
|-
| ''Duel au soleil ''
| Peggy
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|2015
| ''Un parfum de sang''
| Vanessa
| TV film
|-
|2016
| ''Starmen''
| San
| Miniseries
|-
|2019
| ''Prise au piège''
| Anna Rivière
| TV series (6 episode)
|-
|2020
| ''Meurtres en Pays Cathare''
| Pauline Franchet
| TV film
|-
|2020
| ''Big Five''
| Catherine Raimbaud
| TV series- Episode ''Le Plus Beau des Noëls''
|-
|2024
| ''[[Cat's Eyes (TV series)|Cat's Eyes]]''
| Prudence
| TV series
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
* {{iMDb name|0284869}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fontan, Elodie}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:French film actresses]]
[[Category:French televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:20t-century French actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century French actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bondy]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5062" sha1="tloqdc0vfwn0g1s8x88xpy01h3m6ihe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name        = Élodie Fontan
| image       = Elodie Fontan Cannes 2014.jpg
| caption     = Élodie Fontan at the [[2014 Cannes Film Fest]]
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|7|9}}
| birth_place = [[Bondy]], [[Seine-Saint-Denis]], Fraunce
| occupation  = Actress
| years_active= 1996 – present
}}

'''Élodie Fontan''' ({{IPA-fr|elɔdi fɔ̃tɑ̃}}; born 9 Julie 1987) is a French actress. She haes kythed in mair nor fifteen telly an film productions syne 1996.

== Carrer ==
Élodie Fontan stairtit gey yung in French commercials fur Nissan, Quick an Euro Disney. She gained notoriety in 2009 bi pleyin Alyzée, Clem's best freend, in the ''Clem'' series, braidcast on TF1. In 2014, she jyned the cast o the comedy ''Serial (Bad) Weddings'' alangside Chantal Lauby an Christian Clavier.

She is pairt o La Bande à Fifi, a French comedy troupe bringin thegither Philippe Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali, Reem Kherici an Julien Arruti.

In early 2019, she returned tae Philippe de Chauveron's sequel ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'' That same year, she wis the heroine o the mini-series ''Prise au piège'', braidcast in the furst hauf o the forenicht on M6, that gae her a dramatic role. This is the French adaptation o the Spainish series ''Vis à vis'', creatit bi Álex Pina. The programme tells the story o a yung wumman wha finds hersel in preeson efter bein accuised o homicide, even thou she is innocent.

== Philanthropy ==
She jyned in 2018 the group o Les Enfoirés.

== Personal life ==
Syne 2016, she haes been in a relationship wi Philippe Lacheau.

==Filmography==

===Featur films===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1996
| ''[[The Best Job in the World (film)|The Best Job in the World]]''
| Fanny
| [[Gérard Lauzier]]
|
|-
|2014
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
|  Julie
| [[Nicolas Benamou]] &amp; [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
|2016
| ''Venise sous la neige''
|  Nathalie
| [[Elliott Covrigaru]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Florence Martin
| [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
| ''Mission Pays basque''
| Sibylle Garnier
| [[Ludovic Bernard]]
| 
|-
|2018
| ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''
| [[Flopsy Rabbit]]
| [[Will Gluck]]
| French vyce
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Laura Marconi
| Philippe Lacheau
|
|-
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings 2]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Éléonore Dugimont
| Philippe Lacheau
| 
|-
|2023
| ''Alibi.com 2''
| Flo Martin
|
|
|-
|}

===Televeesion===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1997
| ''La Croisière foll'amour''
| Strellina
| TV series (25 episode)
|-
|1998
| ''Meurtres sans risques''
| Tiphanie Gallais
| TV film
|-
|2004
| ''K.ça''
| Véro
| TV series
|-
|2005
| ''Sois le meilleur''
| Anne-Sophie
| TV film
|-
|2006
| ''Boulevard du Palais''
| Lisa Viannet 
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 5
|-
|rowspan=3|2007
| ''Marie Humbert, le secret d'une mère''
|  Estelle
| TV film
|-
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Lisa Berthier
| TV series - Saison 2 Episode 10
|-
| ''Brigade Navarro''
| Élodie Revault 
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|rowspan=4|2008
| ''Marie et Madeleine''
| Marie
| TV film
|-
| ''Pas de secrets entre nous''
| Vanessa
| TV series (4 episode)
|-
| ''[[Paris enquêtes criminelles]]''
| Claire Beaupré 
| TV series - Saison 3 Episode 4
|-
| ''Seconde chance''
| Aona
| TV series (13 episode)
|-
|2009
| ''Femmes de loi''
| Aurore
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 7
|-
|2010-2019
| ''[[Clem (TV series)|Clem]]''
| Alyzée Bertier
| TV series(48 episode)
|-
|2010
| ''[[Josephine, Guardian Angel]]''
| Alexandra
| TV series - Saison 12 Episode 12
|-
|2011
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Lisa Viannet 
| Scripted reality - Saison 1 Episode 52
|-
|2013
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Sandra Buchet
| Scripted reality - Episode ''Harassment at work''
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Cécile Carrera
| TV series - Saison 9 Episode 6
|-
| ''Duel au soleil ''
| Peggy
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|2015
| ''Un parfum de sang''
| Vanessa
| TV film
|-
|2016
| ''Starmen''
| San
| Miniseries
|-
|2019
| ''Prise au piège''
| Anna Rivière
| TV series (6 episode)
|-
|2020
| ''Meurtres en Pays Cathare''
| Pauline Franchet
| TV film
|-
|2020
| ''Big Five''
| Catherine Raimbaud
| TV series- Episode ''Le Plus Beau des Noëls''
|-
|2024
| ''[[Cat's Eyes (TV series)|Cat's Eyes]]''
| Prudence
| TV series
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
* {{iMDb name|0284869}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fontan, Elodie}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:French film actresses]]
[[Category:French televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:20t-century French actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century French actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bondy]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5037" sha1="afnkv5uucgowxsgxldld2m2kr0eu1pr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name        = Élodie Fontan
| image       = Portrait of Elodie Fontan.jpg
| caption     = Élodie Fontan in 2018
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|7|9}}
| birth_place = [[Bondy]], [[Seine-Saint-Denis]], Fraunce
| occupation  = Actress
| years_active= 1996 – present
}}

'''Élodie Fontan''' ({{IPA-fr|elɔdi fɔ̃tɑ̃}}; born 9 Julie 1987) is a French actress. She haes kythed in mair nor fifteen telly an film productions syne 1996.

== Carrer ==
Élodie Fontan stairtit gey yung in French commercials fur Nissan, Quick an Euro Disney. She gained notoriety in 2009 bi pleyin Alyzée, Clem's best freend, in the ''Clem'' series, braidcast on TF1. In 2014, she jyned the cast o the comedy ''Serial (Bad) Weddings'' alangside Chantal Lauby an Christian Clavier.

She is pairt o La Bande à Fifi, a French comedy troupe bringin thegither Philippe Lacheau, Élodie Fontan, Tarek Boudali, Reem Kherici an Julien Arruti.

In early 2019, she returned tae Philippe de Chauveron's sequel ''Qu'est-ce qu'on a encore fait au Bon Dieu?'' That same year, she wis the heroine o the mini-series ''Prise au piège'', braidcast in the furst hauf o the forenicht on M6, that gae her a dramatic role. This is the French adaptation o the Spainish series ''Vis à vis'', creatit bi Álex Pina. The programme tells the story o a yung wumman wha finds hersel in preeson efter bein accuised o homicide, even thou she is innocent.

== Philanthropy ==
She jyned in 2018 the group o Les Enfoirés.

== Personal life ==
Syne 2016, she haes been in a relationship wi Philippe Lacheau.

==Filmography==

===Featur films===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1996
| ''[[The Best Job in the World (film)|The Best Job in the World]]''
| Fanny
| [[Gérard Lauzier]]
|
|-
|2014
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Babysitting 2]]''
|  Julie
| [[Nicolas Benamou]] &amp; [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
|2016
| ''Venise sous la neige''
|  Nathalie
| [[Elliott Covrigaru]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
| ''[[Alibi.com]]''
| Florence Martin
| [[Philippe Lacheau]]
|
|-
| ''Mission Pays basque''
| Sibylle Garnier
| [[Ludovic Bernard]]
| 
|-
|2018
| ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''
| [[Flopsy Rabbit]]
| [[Will Gluck]]
| French vyce
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
| ''[[Nicky Larson et le parfum de Cupidon]]''
| Laura Marconi
| Philippe Lacheau
|
|-
| ''[[Serial (Bad) Weddings 2]]''
| Laure Verneuil
| [[Philippe de Chauveron]]
|
|-
|2021
| ''[[Super-héros malgré lui]]''
| Éléonore Dugimont
| Philippe Lacheau
| 
|-
|2023
| ''Alibi.com 2''
| Flo Martin
|
|
|-
|}

===Televeesion===

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|1997
| ''La Croisière foll'amour''
| Strellina
| TV series (25 episode)
|-
|1998
| ''Meurtres sans risques''
| Tiphanie Gallais
| TV film
|-
|2004
| ''K.ça''
| Véro
| TV series
|-
|2005
| ''Sois le meilleur''
| Anne-Sophie
| TV film
|-
|2006
| ''Boulevard du Palais''
| Lisa Viannet 
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 5
|-
|rowspan=3|2007
| ''Marie Humbert, le secret d'une mère''
|  Estelle
| TV film
|-
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Lisa Berthier
| TV series - Saison 2 Episode 10
|-
| ''Brigade Navarro''
| Élodie Revault 
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|rowspan=4|2008
| ''Marie et Madeleine''
| Marie
| TV film
|-
| ''Pas de secrets entre nous''
| Vanessa
| TV series (4 episode)
|-
| ''[[Paris enquêtes criminelles]]''
| Claire Beaupré 
| TV series - Saison 3 Episode 4
|-
| ''Seconde chance''
| Aona
| TV series (13 episode)
|-
|2009
| ''Femmes de loi''
| Aurore
| TV series - Saison 8 Episode 7
|-
|2010-2019
| ''[[Clem (TV series)|Clem]]''
| Alyzée Bertier
| TV series(48 episode)
|-
|2010
| ''[[Josephine, Guardian Angel]]''
| Alexandra
| TV series - Saison 12 Episode 12
|-
|2011
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Lisa Viannet 
| Scripted reality - Saison 1 Episode 52
|-
|2013
| ''Le Jour où tout a basculé''
| Sandra Buchet
| Scripted reality - Episode ''Harassment at work''
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
| ''[[R.I.S, police scientifique]]''
| Cécile Carrera
| TV series - Saison 9 Episode 6
|-
| ''Duel au soleil ''
| Peggy
| TV series - Saison 1 Episode 2
|-
|2015
| ''Un parfum de sang''
| Vanessa
| TV film
|-
|2016
| ''Starmen''
| San
| Miniseries
|-
|2019
| ''Prise au piège''
| Anna Rivière
| TV series (6 episode)
|-
|2020
| ''Meurtres en Pays Cathare''
| Pauline Franchet
| TV film
|-
|2020
| ''Big Five''
| Catherine Raimbaud
| TV series- Episode ''Le Plus Beau des Noëls''
|-
|2024
| ''[[Cat's Eyes (TV series)|Cat's Eyes]]''
| Prudence
| TV series
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
* {{iMDb name|0284869}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fontan, Elodie}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:French film actresses]]
[[Category:French televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:20t-century French actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century French actresses]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bondy]]</text>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;'''Bondy''' () is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.  == Name == The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.  == History == [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Forêt_de_Bondy_carte_de_Cassini2.jpg|thumb|Bondy, c. 1780]] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:H...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1086" sha1="kqoy39zsqau133v8gvpqlck36c2lamq" xml:space="preserve">'''Bondy''' () is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Forêt_de_Bondy_carte_de_Cassini2.jpg|thumb|Bondy, c. 1780]]
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hôtel_Ville_Bondy_2.jpg|thumb|The Hôtel de Ville]]
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.</text>
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      <text bytes="898" sha1="33m0e7iq1ziejmbdjxp5kgprde59tkg" xml:space="preserve">'''Bondy''' () is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.</text>
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      <text bytes="1669" sha1="87xmddaosi8ovg4atal6f83tlbxblyx" xml:space="preserve">'''Bondy''' () is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.

== Transport ==
Bondy is servit bi Bondy station on Paris RER line E an the Line 4 (T4) o the Tramweys in Île-de-France.

== Eddication ==
As o 2016, the commune haed 27 state-fundit primary schuils, wi 6,900 student. Thare wis forby three publicly fundit lycées, or senior heich schuils, an five junior heich schuils.

* Thare are 13 ''écoles maternelles'', or preschuils, an 14 publicly fundit elementary schuils
* The junior heich schuils are cried efter: Pierre Brossolette, Henri Sellier, Jean Zay, Jean Renoir, an Pierre Curie
* Thare are three state-fundit heich schuils: Lycée Léo-Lagrange, Lycée Marcel-Pagnol, an Lycée Jean-Renoir.

Bondy haes a private Roman Catholic heich schuil, Institut privé de l'Assomption, that haes its awn elementary schuil.</text>
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      <text bytes="2740" sha1="faxaoddmd9c2448e4zxadhcfn379oab" xml:space="preserve">'''Bondy''' () is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.

== Transport ==
Bondy is servit bi Bondy station on Paris RER line E an the Line 4 (T4) o the Tramweys in Île-de-France.

== Eddication ==
As o 2016, the commune haed 27 state-fundit primary schuils, wi 6,900 student. Thare wis forby three publicly fundit lycées, or senior heich schuils, an five junior heich schuils.

* Thare are 13 ''écoles maternelles'', or preschuils, an 14 publicly fundit elementary schuils
* The junior heich schuils are cried efter: Pierre Brossolette, Henri Sellier, Jean Zay, Jean Renoir, an Pierre Curie
* Thare are three state-fundit heich schuils: Lycée Léo-Lagrange, Lycée Marcel-Pagnol, an Lycée Jean-Renoir.

Bondy haes a private Roman Catholic heich schuil, Institut privé de l'Assomption, that haes its awn elementary schuil.

== Weel-kent fowk ==

* Sylvie Bouchet Bellecourt, politeecian
* Adama Camara, fitbawer
* Élodie Fontan, actress
* Serge Gakpe, fitbawer
* Max Hilaire, fitbawer
* Muriel Hurtis, track an field, athlete
* Jonathan Ikone, fitbawer
* Steeven Joseph-Monrose, fitbawer
* Kevin Lafrance, fitbawer
* David Larose, judoka
* Lartiste, sangster
* André Malraux, novelist, airt theorist an meenister o cultural affairs
* Kylian Mbappé, fitbawer an currently the captain o the Fraunce naitional fitbaw team
* Sylvain Meslien, fitbawer
* Randal Kolo Muani, fitbawer
* Guy Moussi, fitbawer
* Michael Nicoise, fitbawer
* Maureen Nisima, fencer
* Claude-Carloman de Rulhière, poet an historian
* Wiliam Saliba, fitbawer
* Lalya Sidibe, basketbaw pleyer
* Alpha Sissoko, fitbawer
* Doriane Tahane, basketbaw pleyer
* Audrey Tcheumeo, judoka
* Teddy Tinmar, athlete
* Karidja Touré, actress
* Bakaye Traoré, fitbawer
* Fodie Traoré, fitbawer
* Jimmy Vicaut, athlete
* Thierry Zig, basketbaw pleyer
* Tiakola, rapper

== See an aw ==

* Communes o the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment</text>
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      <text bytes="3630" sha1="bb1ktq0uvepoej5d3yby2bco8v2l8x9" xml:space="preserve">'''Bondy''' () is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.

== Transport ==
Bondy is servit bi Bondy station on Paris RER line E an the Line 4 (T4) o the Tramweys in Île-de-France.

== Eddication ==
As o 2016, the commune haed 27 state-fundit primary schuils, wi 6,900 student. Thare wis forby three publicly fundit lycées, or senior heich schuils, an five junior heich schuils.

* Thare are 13 ''écoles maternelles'', or preschuils, an 14 publicly fundit elementary schuils
* The junior heich schuils are cried efter: Pierre Brossolette, Henri Sellier, Jean Zay, Jean Renoir, an Pierre Curie
* Thare are three state-fundit heich schuils: Lycée Léo-Lagrange, Lycée Marcel-Pagnol, an Lycée Jean-Renoir.

Bondy haes a private Roman Catholic heich schuil, Institut privé de l'Assomption, that haes its awn elementary schuil.

== Population ==
The population data in the table an graph below refer tae the commune o Bondy proper in its geography at the gien years. The commune o Bondy cedit the commune o [[Les Pavillons-sous-Bois]] in 1906.

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = INSEE (1968–2023)&lt;ref name=pophist&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-93010#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE&lt;/ref&gt;
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |650
|1821 |605
|1846 |782
|1851 |815
|1856 |1189
|1861 |1458
|1866 |1623
|1872 |1677
|1876 |2018
|1881 |2280
|1886 |3004
|1891 |3638
|1896 |4457
|1901 |6353
|1906 |5195
|1911 |7496
|1921 |10104
|1926 |15282
|1931 |19452
|1936 |20539
|1946 |19487
|1954 |22411
|1962 |38039
|1968 |51652
|1975 |48333
|1982 |44301
|1990 |46676
|1999 |46826
|2007 |53159
|2012 |52787
|2017 |53353
|2023 |50595
}}

== Weel-kent fowk ==

* Sylvie Bouchet Bellecourt, politeecian
* Adama Camara, fitbawer
* Élodie Fontan, actress
* Serge Gakpe, fitbawer
* Max Hilaire, fitbawer
* Muriel Hurtis, track an field, athlete
* Jonathan Ikone, fitbawer
* Steeven Joseph-Monrose, fitbawer
* Kevin Lafrance, fitbawer
* David Larose, judoka
* Lartiste, sangster
* André Malraux, novelist, airt theorist an meenister o cultural affairs
* Kylian Mbappé, fitbawer an currently the captain o the Fraunce naitional fitbaw team
* Sylvain Meslien, fitbawer
* Randal Kolo Muani, fitbawer
* Guy Moussi, fitbawer
* Michael Nicoise, fitbawer
* Maureen Nisima, fencer
* Claude-Carloman de Rulhière, poet an historian
* Wiliam Saliba, fitbawer
* Lalya Sidibe, basketbaw pleyer
* Alpha Sissoko, fitbawer
* Doriane Tahane, basketbaw pleyer
* Audrey Tcheumeo, judoka
* Teddy Tinmar, athlete
* Karidja Touré, actress
* Bakaye Traoré, fitbawer
* Fodie Traoré, fitbawer
* Jimmy Vicaut, athlete
* Thierry Zig, basketbaw pleyer
* Tiakola, rapper

== See an aw ==

* Communes o the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment</text>
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      <text bytes="3803" sha1="aeu2aykay6io3nnffg08qr8fznrphsq" xml:space="preserve">'''Bondy''' ({{IPA-fr|bɔ̃di}}) is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
[[File:Forêt de Bondy carte de Cassini2.jpg|thumb|Bondy, c. 1780]]
[[File:Hôtel Ville Bondy 2.jpg|thumb|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Bondy|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.

== Transport ==
Bondy is servit bi Bondy station on Paris RER line E an the Line 4 (T4) o the Tramweys in Île-de-France.

== Eddication ==
As o 2016, the commune haed 27 state-fundit primary schuils, wi 6,900 student. Thare wis forby three publicly fundit lycées, or senior heich schuils, an five junior heich schuils.

* Thare are 13 ''écoles maternelles'', or preschuils, an 14 publicly fundit elementary schuils
* The junior heich schuils are cried efter: Pierre Brossolette, Henri Sellier, Jean Zay, Jean Renoir, an Pierre Curie
* Thare are three state-fundit heich schuils: Lycée Léo-Lagrange, Lycée Marcel-Pagnol, an Lycée Jean-Renoir.

Bondy haes a private Roman Catholic heich schuil, Institut privé de l'Assomption, that haes its awn elementary schuil.

== Population ==
The population data in the table an graph ablow refer tae the commune o Bondy proper in its geography at the gien years. The commune o Bondy cedit the commune o [[Les Pavillons-sous-Bois]] in 1906.

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = INSEE (1968–2023)&lt;ref name=pophist&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-93010#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE&lt;/ref&gt;
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |650
|1821 |605
|1846 |782
|1851 |815
|1856 |1189
|1861 |1458
|1866 |1623
|1872 |1677
|1876 |2018
|1881 |2280
|1886 |3004
|1891 |3638
|1896 |4457
|1901 |6353
|1906 |5195
|1911 |7496
|1921 |10104
|1926 |15282
|1931 |19452
|1936 |20539
|1946 |19487
|1954 |22411
|1962 |38039
|1968 |51652
|1975 |48333
|1982 |44301
|1990 |46676
|1999 |46826
|2007 |53159
|2012 |52787
|2017 |53353
|2023 |50595
}}

== Weel-kent fowk ==

* Sylvie Bouchet Bellecourt, politeecian
* Adama Camara, fitbawer
* Élodie Fontan, actress
* Serge Gakpe, fitbawer
* Max Hilaire, fitbawer
* Muriel Hurtis, track an field, athlete
* Jonathan Ikone, fitbawer
* Steeven Joseph-Monrose, fitbawer
* Kevin Lafrance, fitbawer
* David Larose, judoka
* Lartiste, sangster
* André Malraux, novelist, airt theorist an meenister o cultural affairs
* Kylian Mbappé, fitbawer an currently the captain o the Fraunce naitional fitbaw team
* Sylvain Meslien, fitbawer
* Randal Kolo Muani, fitbawer
* Guy Moussi, fitbawer
* Michael Nicoise, fitbawer
* Maureen Nisima, fencer
* Claude-Carloman de Rulhière, poet an historian
* Wiliam Saliba, fitbawer
* Lalya Sidibe, basketbaw pleyer
* Alpha Sissoko, fitbawer
* Doriane Tahane, basketbaw pleyer
* Audrey Tcheumeo, judoka
* Teddy Tinmar, athlete
* Karidja Touré, actress
* Bakaye Traoré, fitbawer
* Fodie Traoré, fitbawer
* Jimmy Vicaut, athlete
* Thierry Zig, basketbaw pleyer
* Tiakola, rapper

== See an aw ==

* Communes o the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment</text>
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      <text bytes="5174" sha1="olph20mvup3edy4ixech2drlk9qbl95" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Bondy
|commune status     = [[Communes o Fraunce|Commune]]
|image coat of arms = Blason_bondy.svg
|image              = Bondy-eglise-2019-12-01.jpg
|caption            = Kirk o Bondy
|map                = Bondy_map.svg
|map caption        = Location (in reid) athin Paris [[petite couronne|inner suburbs]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|48.9022|2.4828|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement     = Bobigny
|canton             = Bondy
|INSEE              = 93010
|postal code        = 93140
|mayor              = Stephen Hervé&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2026-05-05|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|term               = 2026&amp;ndash;32
|party              = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|intercommunality   = [[Grand Paris]]
|elevation m        = 52
|elevation min m    = 37
|elevation max m    = 65
|area km2           = 5.47
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|demonym            = Bondynois
|website            = {{url|https://www.ville-bondy.fr}}
}}
'''Bondy''' ({{IPA-fr|bɔ̃di}}) is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
[[File:Forêt de Bondy carte de Cassini2.jpg|thumb|Bondy, c. 1780]]
[[File:Hôtel Ville Bondy 2.jpg|thumb|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Bondy|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.

== Transport ==
Bondy is servit bi Bondy station on Paris RER line E an the Line 4 (T4) o the Tramweys in Île-de-France.

== Eddication ==
As o 2016, the commune haed 27 state-fundit primary schuils, wi 6,900 student. Thare wis forby three publicly fundit lycées, or senior heich schuils, an five junior heich schuils.

* Thare are 13 ''écoles maternelles'', or preschuils, an 14 publicly fundit elementary schuils
* The junior heich schuils are cried efter: Pierre Brossolette, Henri Sellier, Jean Zay, Jean Renoir, an Pierre Curie
* Thare are three state-fundit heich schuils: Lycée Léo-Lagrange, Lycée Marcel-Pagnol, an Lycée Jean-Renoir.

Bondy haes a private Roman Catholic heich schuil, Institut privé de l'Assomption, that haes its awn elementary schuil.

== Population ==
The population data in the table an graph ablow refer tae the commune o Bondy proper in its geography at the gien years. The commune o Bondy cedit the commune o [[Les Pavillons-sous-Bois]] in 1906.

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = INSEE (1968–2023)&lt;ref name=pophist&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-93010#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE&lt;/ref&gt;
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |650
|1821 |605
|1846 |782
|1851 |815
|1856 |1189
|1861 |1458
|1866 |1623
|1872 |1677
|1876 |2018
|1881 |2280
|1886 |3004
|1891 |3638
|1896 |4457
|1901 |6353
|1906 |5195
|1911 |7496
|1921 |10104
|1926 |15282
|1931 |19452
|1936 |20539
|1946 |19487
|1954 |22411
|1962 |38039
|1968 |51652
|1975 |48333
|1982 |44301
|1990 |46676
|1999 |46826
|2007 |53159
|2012 |52787
|2017 |53353
|2023 |50595
}}

== Weel-kent fowk ==

* Sylvie Bouchet Bellecourt, politeecian
* Adama Camara, fitbawer
* Élodie Fontan, actress
* Serge Gakpe, fitbawer
* Max Hilaire, fitbawer
* Muriel Hurtis, track an field, athlete
* Jonathan Ikone, fitbawer
* Steeven Joseph-Monrose, fitbawer
* Kevin Lafrance, fitbawer
* David Larose, judoka
* Lartiste, sangster
* André Malraux, novelist, airt theorist an meenister o cultural affairs
* Kylian Mbappé, fitbawer an currently the captain o the Fraunce naitional fitbaw team
* Sylvain Meslien, fitbawer
* Randal Kolo Muani, fitbawer
* Guy Moussi, fitbawer
* Michael Nicoise, fitbawer
* Maureen Nisima, fencer
* Claude-Carloman de Rulhière, poet an historian
* Wiliam Saliba, fitbawer
* Lalya Sidibe, basketbaw pleyer
* Alpha Sissoko, fitbawer
* Doriane Tahane, basketbaw pleyer
* Audrey Tcheumeo, judoka
* Teddy Tinmar, athlete
* Karidja Touré, actress
* Bakaye Traoré, fitbawer
* Fodie Traoré, fitbawer
* Jimmy Vicaut, athlete
* Thierry Zig, basketbaw pleyer
* Tiakola, rapper

== See an aw ==

* Communes o the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment</text>
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      <text bytes="5389" sha1="62y1gsafdrj1j3omxgd7o39c6mjp989" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Bondy
|commune status     = [[Communes o Fraunce|Commune]]
|image coat of arms = Blason_bondy.svg
|image              = Bondy-eglise-2019-12-01.jpg
|caption            = Kirk o Bondy
|map                = Bondy_map.svg
|map caption        = Location (in reid) athin Paris [[petite couronne|inner suburbs]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|48.9022|2.4828|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement     = Bobigny
|canton             = Bondy
|INSEE              = 93010
|postal code        = 93140
|mayor              = Stephen Hervé&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2026-05-05|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|term               = 2026&amp;ndash;32
|party              = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|intercommunality   = [[Grand Paris]]
|elevation m        = 52
|elevation min m    = 37
|elevation max m    = 65
|area km2           = 5.47
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|demonym            = Bondynois
|website            = {{url|https://www.ville-bondy.fr}}
}}
'''Bondy''' ({{IPA-fr|bɔ̃di}}) is a commune in the northeastren suburbs o Paris, Fraunce. It is locatit {{convert|10.9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the centre o Paris, in the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment.

== Name ==
The name Bondy wis recordit fur the furst time aroond AD 600 as ''Bonitiacum'', meanin &quot;estate o Bonitius&quot;, a Gallo-Roman laundawner.

== History ==
[[File:Forêt de Bondy carte de Cassini2.jpg|thumb|Bondy, c. 1780]]
[[File:Hôtel Ville Bondy 2.jpg|thumb|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Bondy|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
Durin the Middle Ages, Bondy wis maistly forest, an the forest o Bondy wis a weel-kent haunt o criminals an robbers.

On 3 Januar 1905, a thrid o the territory o Bondy wis detached an becam the commune o Les Pavillons-sous-Bois.

The current Hôtel de Ville wis completit in 1970.

On 30 October 2007, a gas explosion killt ane bodie an injured 46 fowk.

Bondy an its integration intae Paris is the subjeck o pairt o the seicont-last chaipter o Graham Robb's beuk ''Parisians''.

== Admeenistration ==
Bondy is pairt o the canton o Bondy, creatit in 2015.

== Transport ==
Bondy is servit bi Bondy station on Paris RER line E an the Line 4 (T4) o the Tramweys in Île-de-France.

== Eddication ==
As o 2016, the commune haed 27 state-fundit primary schuils, wi 6,900 student. Thare wis forby three publicly fundit lycées, or senior heich schuils, an five junior heich schuils.

* Thare are 13 ''écoles maternelles'', or preschuils, an 14 publicly fundit elementary schuils
* The junior heich schuils are cried efter: Pierre Brossolette, Henri Sellier, Jean Zay, Jean Renoir, an Pierre Curie
* Thare are three state-fundit heich schuils: Lycée Léo-Lagrange, Lycée Marcel-Pagnol, an Lycée Jean-Renoir.

Bondy haes a private Roman Catholic heich schuil, Institut privé de l'Assomption, that haes its awn elementary schuil.

== Population ==
The population data in the table an graph ablow refer tae the commune o Bondy proper in its geography at the gien years. The commune o Bondy cedit the commune o [[Les Pavillons-sous-Bois]] in 1906.

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = INSEE (1968–2023)&lt;ref name=pophist&gt;[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-93010#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE&lt;/ref&gt;
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |650
|1821 |605
|1846 |782
|1851 |815
|1856 |1189
|1861 |1458
|1866 |1623
|1872 |1677
|1876 |2018
|1881 |2280
|1886 |3004
|1891 |3638
|1896 |4457
|1901 |6353
|1906 |5195
|1911 |7496
|1921 |10104
|1926 |15282
|1931 |19452
|1936 |20539
|1946 |19487
|1954 |22411
|1962 |38039
|1968 |51652
|1975 |48333
|1982 |44301
|1990 |46676
|1999 |46826
|2007 |53159
|2012 |52787
|2017 |53353
|2023 |50595
}}

== Weel-kent fowk ==

* Sylvie Bouchet Bellecourt, politeecian
* Adama Camara, fitbawer
* Élodie Fontan, actress
* Serge Gakpe, fitbawer
* Max Hilaire, fitbawer
* Muriel Hurtis, track an field, athlete
* Jonathan Ikone, fitbawer
* Steeven Joseph-Monrose, fitbawer
* Kevin Lafrance, fitbawer
* David Larose, judoka
* Lartiste, sangster
* André Malraux, novelist, airt theorist an meenister o cultural affairs
* Kylian Mbappé, fitbawer an currently the captain o the Fraunce naitional fitbaw team
* Sylvain Meslien, fitbawer
* Randal Kolo Muani, fitbawer
* Guy Moussi, fitbawer
* Michael Nicoise, fitbawer
* Maureen Nisima, fencer
* Claude-Carloman de Rulhière, poet an historian
* Wiliam Saliba, fitbawer
* Lalya Sidibe, basketbaw pleyer
* Alpha Sissoko, fitbawer
* Doriane Tahane, basketbaw pleyer
* Audrey Tcheumeo, judoka
* Teddy Tinmar, athlete
* Karidja Touré, actress
* Bakaye Traoré, fitbawer
* Fodie Traoré, fitbawer
* Jimmy Vicaut, athlete
* Thierry Zig, basketbaw pleyer
* Tiakola, rapper

== See an aw ==

* Communes o the Seine-Saint-Denis depairtment

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
* [http://www.ville-bondy.fr/ Toun cooncil wabsteid] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Seine-Saint-Denis communes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes o Seine-Saint-Denis]]</text>
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      <comment>Made bi owersettin the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311496741|Paddy Higson]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV News]]|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Glaswegians]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921420</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:38:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Glaswegians]]; added [[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV News]]|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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      <id>921429</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:43:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>6841</id>
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      <text bytes="2890" sha1="qc8tfp9g2rmzihaoov4za5eww2yt6cg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          = Paddy Higson
| image       = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name    = Patricia Anne Frew
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1941|6|2|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and given age|2025|4|13|83|df=y}}
| death_place   =
| alma_mater    =
| occupation    = Film producer
| known_for     =
| notable_works = ''Gregory's Girl''
| spouse        = 
| website       = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
}}

'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV News]]|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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      <id>921431</id>
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        <username>Lirazelf</username>
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      <comment>reflist</comment>
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      <text bytes="2923" sha1="oqcjodj9ezdzpcjf1s8y1yque02fe14" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          = Paddy Higson
| image       = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name    = Patricia Anne Frew
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1941|6|2|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and given age|2025|4|13|83|df=y}}
| death_place   =
| alma_mater    =
| occupation    = Film producer
| known_for     =
| notable_works = ''Gregory's Girl''
| spouse        = 
| website       = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
}}

'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV News]]|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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      <comment>fix link</comment>
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      <text bytes="2923" sha1="70amqffl3udoxc02lacy2skes3404cp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          = Paddy Higson
| image       = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name    = Patricia Anne Frew
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1941|6|2|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and given age|2025|4|13|83|df=y}}
| death_place   =
| alma_mater    =
| occupation    = Film producer
| known_for     =
| notable_works = ''Gregory's Girl''
| spouse        = 
| website       = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
}}

'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV]] News|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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      <id>921446</id>
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| name          = Paddy Higson
| image       = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name    = Patricia Anne Frew
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1941|6|2|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and given age|2025|4|13|83|df=y}}
| death_place   =
| alma_mater    =
| occupation    = Film producer
| known_for     =
| notable_works = ''Gregory's Girl''
| spouse        = 
| website       = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;
}}

'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV]] News|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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| name          = Paddy Higson
| birth_name    = Patricia Anne Frew
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1941|6|2|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and given age|2025|4|13|83|df=y}}
| occupation    = Film producer
| notable_works = ''Gregory's Girl''
}}

'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 June 1941 – 13 April 2025) wis a Scottish producer o film an televeesion. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, notably the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In July 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scottish Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scottish BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scottish film industry in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV]] News|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird by David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scottish film industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the British Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Televeesion Industry an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Televeesion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921448</id>
      <parentid>921447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:52:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendit Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="2743" sha1="4euw2iabmoht0ink0x3xt238p6s80wh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name          = Paddy Higson
| birth_name    = Patricia Anne Frew
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1941|6|2|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and given age|2025|4|13|83|df=y}}
| occupation    = Film producer
| notable_works = ''Gregory's Girl''
}}

'''Patricia Anne''' &quot;'''Paddy'''&quot; '''Higson''' (née '''Frew'''; 2 Juin 1941 – 13 Aprile 2025) wis a Scots producer o film an telly. She is kent fur wirkin wi Bill Forsyth, merkitly the films ''That Sinking Feeling'' an ''Gregory's Girl''.

== Honours an awairds ==
In Julie 2007, Higson gat an honorar degree frae the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] (RSAMD).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 July 2007|title=Princess picks up uni honour|work=glasgowtimes.co.uk|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792532.princess-picks-up-uni-honour/|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She forby gat a Scots BAFTA fur her byordnar inpit tae the Scots film industrie in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 October 2018|title=Alan Cumming to receive Outstanding Contribution Bafta|work=[[STV]] News|url=https://archive.news.stv.tv/entertainment/1431954-alan-cumming-to-receive-outstanding-contribution-bafta.html|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis presentit wi that awaird bi David Hayman wha descreivet her as the &quot;mither o the Scots film industrie&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMAC trailblazing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 2022|title=Paddy Higson on her trailblazing career in the Scottish screen industry|url=https://www.gmacfilm.com/news/paddy-higson-on-her-trailblazing-career-in-the-scottish-screen-industry/|access-date=16 April 2025|website=gmacfilm.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She refuised the bode o [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] (OBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours fur sairvices tae the Film an Telly Industrie an tae Diversity an Inclusion in Film an Telly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 December 2022|title=In full: All the Scots honoured in New Year Honours List|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/in-full-all-the-scots-honoured-in-new-year-honours-list-3970506|access-date=15 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Neil|date=19 April 2025|title=Producer known as 'mother of Scottish film industry' dies|work=[[The Herald (Scotland)|The Herald]]|location=Glasgow|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25101236.producer-known-mother-scottish-film-industry/|access-date=19 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Televeesion]]
[[Category:Belfast]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bill Aitken</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>921450</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <comment>Made bi owersettin the page &quot;[[:gd:Special:Redirect/revision/538525|Uilleam Aitken]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="381" sha1="lj0a763jhpbxy5nhndr28fknon0enak" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person wikidata}}''Bill Aitken'' is a Scottish politeecian. He wis born on the [[15 Aprile|15 Apryle]], [[1947]] in [[Glesga]].  As MSP he represent Glesga aqueesh [[1999]] an [[2011]] an wis the heid Jonick Comitie afore 2011. He wis a [[Scots Tory an Unionist Pairty|Tory]].
[[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament]]
[[Category:Conservative MSPs]]
[[Category:Glesga]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921451</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:56:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Munci flittit page [[Uilleam Aitken]] til [[Bill Aitken]]: Misspelt title</comment>
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      <text bytes="381" sha1="lj0a763jhpbxy5nhndr28fknon0enak" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person wikidata}}''Bill Aitken'' is a Scottish politeecian. He wis born on the [[15 Aprile|15 Apryle]], [[1947]] in [[Glesga]].  As MSP he represent Glesga aqueesh [[1999]] an [[2011]] an wis the heid Jonick Comitie afore 2011. He wis a [[Scots Tory an Unionist Pairty|Tory]].
[[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament]]
[[Category:Conservative MSPs]]
[[Category:Glesga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uilleam Aitken</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <redirect title="Bill Aitken" />
    <revision>
      <id>921452</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T17:56:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Munci flittit page [[Uilleam Aitken]] til [[Bill Aitken]]: Misspelt title</comment>
      <origin>921452</origin>
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      <text bytes="25" sha1="dqt38zkv2zxhiunzzmjq4r87hc9gy4x" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Bill Aitken]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bill Aitken (screiver)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>233923</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921472</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-20T18:03:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <comment>Made bi owersettin the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366020764|Bill Aitken (writer)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox writer|name=Bill Aitken|image=Bill Aitken 2012.JPG|image_size=250px|caption=Aitken at his Mussoorie hame, 2012|birth_date={{birth date|1934|5|31||df=y}}|birth_place=Tullibody, Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|2025|4|16|1934|5|31|df=y}}|death_place=[[Dehradun]], Uttarakhand, India|occupation=Traiveller, screiver|nationality={{ubl|British (1934–1972)|Indian (1972–2025)}}|period=1975–2025|movement=|signature=|website=}}

'''William McKay Aitken''' (31 May 1934 – 16 April 2025) wis a British-born Indian traivel screiver an muntain enthusiast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 April 2015|title=Bill Aitken|url=http://www.mussooriewriters.com/2012/05/25/bill-aitken/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416213159/http://www.mussooriewriters.com/2012/05/25/bill-aitken/|archive-date=16 April 2015|publisher=Mussoorie Writers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ToI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pandey|first=Maneesh|date=28 July 2001|title=Rail tourism needs to be put on track|url=http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/251215166.cms|access-date=16 July 2008|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis the owthor o a feck o beuks anent Indie, its bens, watters an steam trains.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Accidental Expatriate|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?230659}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:20t-century Breetish writers]]
[[Category:Scots traivel writers]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Stirlin]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Airticles wi hCards]]
[[Category:Indie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:~2026-45886-15</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233924</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921803</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:38:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;{{subst:uw-vandalism1}} ~~~~&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="599" sha1="4omyiqmaygrj420suvcrkc2yq3kyeck" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-45886-15|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!&lt;!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:38, 21 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>921806</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:41:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="617" sha1="ogrnek5zjvctzdu6hi6t3u3q10ispfe" xml:space="preserve">== August 2026 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-45886-15|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!&lt;!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:38, 21 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Dƶoxar</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>233925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>921805</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-21T10:40:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>921805</origin>
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      <text bytes="1062" sha1="70nqxdl8n46tdscgtoei1nb3y37xoen" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Dƶoxar, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Dƶoxar|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:39, 21 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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