Wikipedia:Mercat Cross

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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

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Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

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[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mey 2026 (UTC)
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Collogue]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

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Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
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== {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? ==

Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots.  I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it.  

Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

:(&amp; also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC)
 
::Hi, I think this page is very helpful, particularly the links to unreferenced articles and articles using archive today. Perhaps it could be added regarding archive today that editors should replace it with internet archive if possible and if not then just remove it if the original link is still dead, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 18:23, 21 August 2026 (UTC)
:::Brilliant - yes, will add this.  Thank you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:59, 24 August 2026 (UTC)

:: Just found a problem with the list of archive today links which is it only lists one link for each page when there can be multiple links on a page such as [[Mexican Drog War]], [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:57, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
:::A believe Mexican Drog War wis ae exception as there wis summat wrang wi the references, bit it is listin multiple airtins per airticle e.g. [[Daraa Destrict]].  A'v optit ti nuke Mexican Drog War as nae bein wirth the time ti fix, better ti stairt ower in aat case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 03:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
::::Grand, thanks!  Can add something to the instructions too to get folks to check whether there are multiple refs on the same article, just in case there are others. :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:00, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ok, added.  One thing to note - you'll see that I've said &quot;set URL status to dead&quot; - I'm pretty sure that that should be &quot;deid&quot;, but &quot;dead&quot; is what's in the template. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:09, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Those are very helpful changes and I agree about the Mexican Drog War as that would have taken hours to fix, imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 00:16, 25 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-25T11:28:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* (in Inglis) WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? */ Replie</comment>
      <origin>922039</origin>
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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

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}} &lt;!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mey 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Collogue]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
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== {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? ==

Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots.  I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it.  

Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

:(&amp; also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC)
 
::Hi, I think this page is very helpful, particularly the links to unreferenced articles and articles using archive today. Perhaps it could be added regarding archive today that editors should replace it with internet archive if possible and if not then just remove it if the original link is still dead, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 18:23, 21 August 2026 (UTC)
:::Brilliant - yes, will add this.  Thank you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:59, 24 August 2026 (UTC)

:: Just found a problem with the list of archive today links which is it only lists one link for each page when there can be multiple links on a page such as [[Mexican Drog War]], [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:57, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
:::A believe Mexican Drog War wis ae exception as there wis summat wrang wi the references, bit it is listin multiple airtins per airticle e.g. [[Daraa Destrict]].  A'v optit ti nuke Mexican Drog War as nae bein wirth the time ti fix, better ti stairt ower in aat case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 03:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
::::Grand, thanks!  Can add something to the instructions too to get folks to check whether there are multiple refs on the same article, just in case there are others. :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:00, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ok, added.  One thing to note - you'll see that I've said &quot;set URL status to dead&quot; - I'm pretty sure that that should be &quot;deid&quot;, but &quot;dead&quot; is what's in the template. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:09, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Those are very helpful changes and I agree about the Mexican Drog War as that would have taken hours to fix, imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 00:16, 25 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Grand, thanks :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:28, 25 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1r1q5k3zoo209cffkmaae0qc0jzw4yu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>922040</id>
      <parentid>922039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-25T11:30:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* (in Inglis) WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? */ Replie</comment>
      <origin>922040</origin>
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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

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|algo = old(30d)
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}} &lt;!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mey 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Collogue]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
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== {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? ==

Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots.  I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it.  

Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

:(&amp; also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC)
 
::Hi, I think this page is very helpful, particularly the links to unreferenced articles and articles using archive today. Perhaps it could be added regarding archive today that editors should replace it with internet archive if possible and if not then just remove it if the original link is still dead, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 18:23, 21 August 2026 (UTC)
:::Brilliant - yes, will add this.  Thank you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:59, 24 August 2026 (UTC)

:: Just found a problem with the list of archive today links which is it only lists one link for each page when there can be multiple links on a page such as [[Mexican Drog War]], [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:57, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
:::A believe Mexican Drog War wis ae exception as there wis summat wrang wi the references, bit it is listin multiple airtins per airticle e.g. [[Daraa Destrict]].  A'v optit ti nuke Mexican Drog War as nae bein wirth the time ti fix, better ti stairt ower in aat case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 03:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
::::Grand, thanks!  Can add something to the instructions too to get folks to check whether there are multiple refs on the same article, just in case there are others. :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:00, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ok, added.  One thing to note - you'll see that I've said &quot;set URL status to dead&quot; - I'm pretty sure that that should be &quot;deid&quot;, but &quot;dead&quot; is what's in the template. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:09, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Those are very helpful changes and I agree about the Mexican Drog War as that would have taken hours to fix, imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 00:16, 25 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Grand, thanks :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:28, 25 August 2026 (UTC)
::::::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] Ok, that's now live [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies]] on the project page - please feel free to point folks in that direction if it's helpful in your general admin / extended rights user duties :) Thanks so much for the suggestions and feedback! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:30, 25 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Whisky</title>
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      <text bytes="4342" sha1="hnse9tj4dd5bjtltqm6dvn7wmqea894" xml:space="preserve">'''Whisky''' (or '''whiskey''') is an [[alcoholic drink]] [[distillation|distillt]] frae [[grain]], aften includin [[maut]], that haes than been [[Agin baurrel|aged]] in [[wid]]den [[Baurrel (storage)|baurrels]].

==Spellin==
The spellin ''whisky'' (plural ''whiskies'') is for ordinar uised for thaim that's distillt in [[Scotland]], [[Canadae]], an [[Japan]], while ''whiskey'' (wi an ''e;'' plural ''whiskeys'') is uised for the speirits distillt in [[Ireland]] an the [[Unitit States]]; houaniver, the'r exceptions. [[Internaitional law]] resers the term &quot;Scotch whisky&quot; for thae whiskies that's produced in Scotland; whiskies produced in ither kintras in the Scotch wey maun uise anither name. Seimilar conventions exists for &quot;Irish whiskey,&quot;  &quot;Canadian whisky,&quot; an &quot;Bourbon whiskey&quot;.

The [[Wales|Welsh]] version is '''wysgi'''. The name is derived frae [[Gaelic leid|Gaelic]] ''uisge beatha'' (watter o life).  (Ither kintras haes thair ain &quot;watter o life&quot; forbye: for exemplar [[Scandinavie]] [[Akvavit]], that's name comes frae the [[Laitin]] ''aqua vitae''.)

Irish whiskey is for ordinar distillt three times frae melderin. Scots whisky, richt cryed [[Scotch whisky|Scotch]], is for normal distilt twice, aither frae baurley maut its lane (see [[single maut whisky]]), or frae baurley mauts an ither grain mauts that's than mixt thegither. Kentucky whiskey, cryed [[Bourbon whisky|Bourbon]], is for ordinar juist distillt the aince, lik maist ither American an Canadian whiskies.

== Chairacteristics ==
[[File:Whisky bottles 2005.jpg|thumb|Bottles o whisky]]
Whisky is drunken straucht, wi [[watter]] or [[ice]], or mixt wi ither speirits or drinks (lik &quot;Scotch &amp; Coke&quot;, &quot;Scotch &amp; Ginger&quot; or &quot;Scotch &amp; Irn Bru&quot;).

Whisky is selt in monie styles. ''Maut whisky'' conseists o whisky made frae 100 percent [[maut]]it grain, an maut whisky frae ae distillery, raither nor blendit, is cryed [[Single maut whisky|single maut]]. The grains uised tae mak maut whisky includes [[baurley]] in Ireland, Scotland, Canadae, an the Unitit States, an [[rye]] in Canadae an the Unitit States. [[Pure pot still whiskey]] is made in Ireland frae a mixtur o mautit an wanmautit baurley. Sindry types o straucht whiskey, sic as [[rye whiskey]], [[Tennessee whiskey]], an [[Bourbon whiskey]] is produced in the US that's aged in new, charred, aik baurels. [[Blendit whisky]] is made frae a mixtur o monie o the abuin whiskies wi the seimilar [[grain whisky]] or [[neutral grain speirit]]s, that's faur less expensive tae produce nor the ither kinds o whisky.  Blends will aamaist aye identifee the kin o base whisky uised, i.e. blendit Scotch, blendit Canadian, or blendit Bourbon.  Licht whiskey is a kin o American whiskey made up aamaist hailie o neutral grain speirits, wi smaa amoonts (for ordinar nae mair nor 5–10 percent o the hail volume) o straucht whiskey an [[sherry]] eikit for flavor an colourin.

In time syne, maist o the whiskey produced in the US wis &quot;Bottelt-in-Bond&quot; accordin tae the dictates o an [[1898]] Act o [[Unitit States Congress|Congress]]; this practice haes been maistlins discontinued, acause ane o the requirements o the Act wis that sicna whiskey shuid be produced at 100 US [[alcoholic pruif]] (50% alcohol bi volume).  Nae muckle whiskey this potent is produced in the US oniemair, partially acause o chyngin public gusts but forbye acause an alcoholic content that heich is illegal in monie kintras, leimitin the export mercat for it.

== See forby ==
* [[Bourbon whiskey]]
* [[Canadian whisky]]
* [[Corn whiskey]]
* [[Irish whiskey]]
* [[Moonshine]]
* [[Rye whisky]]
* [[Scotch whisky]]
* [[Tennessee whiskey]]
* [[Whisky glass]]

== Whisky-based drinks ==
* [[Leet o cocktails#Cocktails wi whiskey.2Fwhisky|Leet o cocktails]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.thewhiskyguide.com/ The Whisky Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125021231/http://www.thewhiskyguide.com/ |date=2005-11-25 }} {{in|en}}
* [http://www.whiskymag.com/ Whisky Magazine] {{in|en}}
* [http://www.drinkswap.com/ DrinkSwap.Com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050823015808/http://www.drinkswap.com/ |date=2005-08-23 }} {{in|en}}
* [http://www.whisky-distilleries.info/ Scotch Whisky and distilleries] {{in|en}}

{{Whisky distilleries in Scotland}}

[[Category:Whisky]]


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    <title>Republic o Ireland</title>
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      <text bytes="14319" sha1="e7j3z0j6jimwde4a2q8s5lb3r386uj4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Ireland{{small|{{ref label|nomenclature|a|}}}}&lt;!---Not to be changed without discussion!---&gt;
|native_name = {{lang-ga|Éire}} |common_name = Ireland&lt;!--Not visible. Allows the template to get the correct ISO 3166 code etc.---&gt;
|linking_name = the Republic o Ireland&lt;!--so the template links correctly to &quot;(Topic) of the Republic Ireland&quot; articles--&gt;
|area_link = 
|image_flag = Flag of Ireland.svg
|flag_caption = Flag
|symbol_width = 65px
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg
|symbol_type = [[Coat o airms o Ireland|Coat o airms]]
|image_map = EU-Ireland.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=daurk green |region=Europe |region_color=daurk grey |subregion=the European Union 
|subregion_color=green |country=&lt;span&gt;Ireland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--Null tags prevent link to [[Ireland]] being generated by template.--&gt;}}
|national_anthem = &quot;{{lang|ga|[[Amhrán na bhFiann]]}}&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{raise|0.1em|{{small|&quot;The Sodgers' Sang&quot;}}}}&lt;br /&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - Amhrán na bhFiann.ogg|center]]
|languages_type = Offeecial leids
&lt;!--Irish is the first official language – please do not change the order--&gt;
|languages ={{flatlist|
* [[Erse leid|Erse]]
* [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]&lt;ref name=lang&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2003/en/act/pub/0032/sec0002.html#sec2 |title=Official Languages Act 2003 |publisher=Office of the Attorney-General |accessdate=18 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|languages2_type = '''[[Naitional leid]]'''
|languages2 = [[Erse leid|Erse]]&lt;ref name=lang/&gt;
|languages2_sub = yes
|ethnic_groups_year = 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=CSO Census 2016 Chaper 6 - Ethnicity and Irish Travellers|url=http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/releasespublications/documents/population/2017/Chapter_6_Ethnicity_and_irish_travellers.pdf|accessdate=28 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |82.2% White Erse |9.5% Ither White |2.6% Nae stated |{{nowrap|1.7% Ither Asie{{\}}Asie Erse}} |1.5% Ither |{{nowrap|1.2% Black Erse{{\}}Black African}} |{{nowrap|0.7% [[Erse Travellers|Erse Traveller]]}} |0.4% [[Cheenese fowk|Cheenese]] |0.1% Ither Black}}
|demonym = [[Erse fowk|Erse]]
|capital = [[Dublin]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|53|20.65|N|6|16.05|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[pairlamentary republic]]}}
|leader_title1 = [[Preses o Ireland|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = [[Catherine Connolly]]
|leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Taoiseach]]}}
|leader_name2 = [[Micheál Martin]]
|leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Tánaiste]]}}
|leader_name3 = [[Leo Varadkar]]
|legislature = [[Oireachtas]]
|upper_house = [[Seanad Éireann|Seanad]]
|lower_house = [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]]
|area_km2 = 70,273
|area_sq_mi = 27,133&lt;!-- Do not remove per WP:MOSNUM --&gt;
|area_rank = 120t
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|percent_water = 2.00
|population_census = 4,761,865&lt;ref name=&quot;pop2016v2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://static.rasset.ie/documents/news/census-2016-summary-results-part-1-full.pdf |title=Census 2016 Summary Results - Part 1 |date=6 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census_year = 2016
|population_census_rank = 120t
|population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 4757976/70273 round 1}}
|population_density_sq_mi = {{#expr: 4757976/27133 round 1}} &lt;!-- Do not remove per WP:MOSNUM --&gt;
|population_density_rank = 142nt
|GDP_PPP_year = 2017
|GDP_PPP = $344 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=78&amp;pr.y=14&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2017&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=178&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Ireland |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=1 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = 56t
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $72,529&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 7t
|GDP_nominal = $294 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = 42nt
|GDP_nominal_year = 2017
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $62,085&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 4t
|Gini_year = 2021
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;decrease
|Gini = 26.9
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=eurogini&gt;{{cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC) |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer |accessdate=4 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =23rd
|HDI_year = 2021&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.945 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI (UN)&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2021_human_development_report.pdf |title=2021 Human Development Report |year=2022 |accessdate=8 September 2022 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI (Global Data Lab)&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IRL/?levels=1 |title = 2021 HDI of Ireland |year=2022 |publisher=Global Data Lab}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 8th
|sovereignty_type = [[History o the Republic o Ireland|Unthirldom]]
|sovereignty_note = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland|Unitit Kinrick]]
|established_event1 = [[Proclamation o the Erse Republic|Proclamation]]
|established_date1 = 24 Apryle 1916
|established_event2 = [[Erse Declaration o Unthirldom|Declaration]]
|established_date2 = 21 Januar 1919
|established_event3 = [[Anglo-Erse Treaty]]
|established_date3 = 6 December 1921
|established_event4 = [[Constitution o the Erse Free State|1922 constitution]]
|established_date4 = 6 December 1922
|established_event5 = [[Constitution o Ireland|1937 constitution]]
|established_date5 = 29 December 1937
|established_event6 = [[Republic of Ireland Act 1948|Republic Act]]
|established_date6 = 18 Apryle 1949
|established_event7 = Jyned the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]]
|established_date7 = 1 Januar 1973
|currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Prior tae 2002, Ireland uised the [[Erse poond|punt]] (Erse poond) as its circulatit siller. The euro wis introduced as an accoonting siller in 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency_code = EUR
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]/[[Western European Time|WET]]
|utc_offset = &amp;#8288;&lt;!--Zero-width non-breaking space results in the infobox displaying &quot;UTC&quot; without a specified offset.--&gt;
|time_zone_DST = [[Time in Ireland|IST]]/[[Western European Simmer Time|WEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|date_format = dd/mm/yyyy
|drives_on = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic|left]]
|calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in the Republic o Ireland|+353]]
|cctld = [[.ie]]{{ref label|tld|b|}}
|footnote_a = {{note|nomenclature}} [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html#part2 Article 4] o the [[Constitution o Ireland]] declares that the name o the state is ''Ireland''; [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1948/en/act/pub/0022/sec0002.html#zza22y1948s2 Section 2] o the [[Republic of Ireland Act 1948]] declares that ''Republic of Ireland'' is &quot;the description of the State&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Coakley2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=John Coakley |title=Politics in the Republic of Ireland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzFPQ2pZgd0C&amp;pg=PA76 |accessdate=2 May 2011 |date=20 August 2009 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-0-415-47672-0 |page=76}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|footnote_b = {{note|tld}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither European Union member states.
}}
[[File:Ireland location provinces.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization]]
'''Ireland''' or '''Airlann''' ([[Erse leid|Erse]]: ''Éire''), deskrived as the '''Republic o Ireland''' (or '''Republick o Airlann''' in Ulstèr-Scotch) (Erse: ''Poblacht na hÉireann''), is a kintra in wastren [[Europe]], wi a population o mair nor 4 million. It maks up maist o the iland o [[Ireland]], an haes a mairch wi [[Northren Ireland]], pairt o the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It is a [[unitar state|unitar]], [[pairlamentary republic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States|author1=L. Prakke|author2=C. A. J. M. Kortmann|author3=J. C. E. van den Brandhof|publisher=Kluwer|location=Deventer|page=429|quote=Since 1937 Ireland has been a parliamentary republic, in which ministers appointed by the president depend on the confidence of parliament|year=2004|isbn=9013012558}}&lt;/ref&gt; The legislatur, the ''{{lang|ga|[[Oireachtas]]}}'', consists o a [[lawer house]], ''{{lang|ga|[[Dáil Éireann]]}}'', an [[upper house]], ''{{lang|ga|[[Seanad Éireann]]}}'', and an elected [[Preses o Ireland|Preses]] (''{{lang|ga|Uachtarán}}'') that serves as the lairgely ceremonial [[heid o state]], but wi some important pouers an duties. The [[heid o govrenment]] is the ''{{lang|ga|[[Taoiseach]]}}'' (Prime Meenister, leeterally 'Chief'), that is electit bi the Dáil an appointit bi the President; the Taoiseach in turn appynts ither govrenment meenisters.

The state wis creatit as the [[Erse Free State]] in 1922 as a result o the [[Anglo-Erse Treaty]]. It haed the status o [[Domeenion]] till 1937 whan a [[Constitution o Ireland|new constitution]] wis adoptit, in that the state wis named &quot;Ireland&quot; and effectively becam a republic, wi an electit non-executive preses as heid o state. It wis offeecially declared a republic in 1949, follaein the [[Republic of Ireland Act 1948]]. Ireland becam a member o the [[Unitit Naitions]] in December 1955. It jynt the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), the predecessor o the [[European Union]], in 1973. The state haed na formal relations wi Northren Ireland for maist o the twentiet century, but in the 1980s an 1990s the Breetish an Erse govrenments wirkit wi the Northren Ireland pairties taewart a resolution tae &quot;[[the Tribbles]]&quot;. Syne the signin o the [[Guid Fryday Greement]] in 1998, the [[Erse govrenment]] an [[Northren Ireland Executive]] hae co-operatit on a nummer o policy auries unner the [[North-Sooth Meenisterial Cooncil]] creatit bi the Greement.

Ireland ranks amang the tap twenty-five walthiest kintras in the warld in terms o GDP per capita,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Country Comparison: GDP&amp;nbsp;– per capita (PPP) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html?countryName=Ireland&amp;countryCode=ei&amp;regionCode=eur&amp;rank=27#ei |work=World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=29 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119060620/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html?countryName=Ireland&amp;countryCode=ei&amp;regionCode=eur&amp;rank=27#ei |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; an as the tent maist prosperous kintra in the warld accordin tae The Legatum Prosperity Index 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Legatum&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Legatum Prosperity Index|url=https://lif.blob.core.windows.net/lif/docs/default-source/publications/2015-legatum-prosperity-index-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=2|publisher=The Legatum Institute.|accessdate=7 June 2016|archive-date=2016-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625093634/https://lif.blob.core.windows.net/lif/docs/default-source/publications/2015-legatum-prosperity-index-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter jynin the EEC, Ireland enactit a series o [[Economic leeberalism|leeberal economic policies]] that resultit in fest economic growthe. The kintra achieved conseederable prosperity atween the years o 1995 an 2007, that becam kent as the [[Celtic Teeger]] period. This wis hautit bi an unprecedentit [[Post-2008 Erse economic dounturn|financial creesis]] that begoud in 2008, in conjunction wi the concurrent [[Financial creesis o 2007–08|global economic crash]].&lt;ref name=&quot;workforall&quot;&gt;&quot;EU: Causes of Growth differentials in Europe&quot;, WAWFA think tank&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Nicoll |first=Ruaridh |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/10/ireland-financial-crisis-emigration |title=Ireland: As the Celtic Tiger roars its last |date=16 May 2009 |work=The Guardian|accessdate=30 March 2010|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, as the Erse economy wis the festest growin in the EU in 2015,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Financial Times|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/160b5652-e6bd-11e5-bc31-138df2ae9ee6.html#axzz4AtDXk3hX|website=ft.com|publisher=FT|accessdate=7 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ireland is again quickly ascendin league cairts comparin walth an prosperity internaitionally. For ensaumple, in 2015, Ireland wis rankit as the jynt saxt (wi [[Germany]]) maist developit kintra in the warld bi the Unitit Naitions [[Human Development Index]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr15_standalone_overview_en.pdf|title = Human Development Report 2015|date = |access-date = 17 February 2016|website = |publisher = [[United Nations Development Programme]]|last = |first = }}&lt;/ref&gt; It an aw performs weel in several naitional performance metrics, includin [[Press Freedom Index|freedom o the press]], [[Leet o kintras bi economic freedom|economic freedom]] an [[Freedom in the Warld|ceevil leeberties]]. Ireland is a member o the [[European Union]] an is a foondin member o the [[Cooncil o Europe]] an the [[OECD]]. The Erse govrenment haes follaed a policy o militar [[Neutrality (internaitional relations)|neutrality]] throu non-alignment syne immediately prior tae [[Warld War II]] an the kintra is consequently nae a member o [[NATO]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/nato_countries.htm|title=NATO - Member countries|publisher=NATO|work=NATO|accessdate=29 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; awtho it is a member o [[Pairtnership for Peace]].

== History ==
* [[Leinster House]]
[[File:Ireland Dublin Night.JPG|thumb|left|Nicht view o Dublin, the caipital o the Republic o Ireland]]
{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Ireland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ireland, Republic o}}
[[Category:1922 establishments in Ireland]]
[[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Wastren European kintras]]
[[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:Island kintras]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:Member states o the Cooncil o Europe]]
[[Category:Member states o the European Union]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]
[[Category:Northren Europe]]
[[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:Republic o Ireland| ]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1922]]
[[Category:Wastren Europe]]


{{Stub/Ireland}}</text>
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    <title>Roum</title>
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      <text bytes="13910" sha1="jc1443ooohhhz2t4dktxjduw9usnxmd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
|name= Roum
|official_name= ''Roma Capitale''
|native_name= ''Roma''
|nickname= ''The Eternal Ceety, [[Caput Mundi]], &lt;br&gt;[[seven Hills o Roum|the Ceety o seven hills]]''
|image_skyline= Collage Rome.jpg
|imagesize= 200px
|image_alt=
|image_caption= Views o Roum, frae tap left clockwise: the [[Colosseum]], the [[Monument tae Vittorio Emanuele II|Monument tae Vittorio Emanuele&amp;nbsp;II]], the [[Castel Sant'Angelo]], an aerial view o the ceety's historic centre, the dome o [[St. Peter's Basilica|St.&amp;nbsp;Peter's Basilica]], the [[Trevi Foontain]], the [[Piazza della Repubblica, Roum|Piazza della Repubblica]].
|image_flag= Flag of Rome.svg
|image_shield=
|shield_alt=
|image_map= Map of comune of Rome (province of Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
|map_alt=
|map_caption= The territory o the comune (Roma Capitale) inside the province o Roum
|pushpin_label_position=
|pushpin_map_alt=
|coordinates = {{coord|41|54|0|N|12|30|0|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes=
|region= [[Lazio]]
|province= [[Province o Roum|Roum]] (RM)
|frazioni=
|mayor_party= [[Movimento 5 Stelle]]
|mayor= [[Virginia Raggi]]
|established_title= 
|established_date= 
|area_footnotes=
|area_total_km2= 1285.31
|population_footnotes=&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/query.php?lingua=ita&amp;Rip=S3&amp;Reg=R12&amp;Pro=P058&amp;Com=91&amp;submit=Tavola Bilancio demografico Anno 2011 (dati provvisori) - Roma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202040209/http://www.demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/query.php?lingua=ita&amp;Rip=S3&amp;Reg=R12&amp;Pro=P058&amp;Com=91&amp;submit=Tavola |date=2012-12-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index.html Bilancio demografico Anno 2011 (dati provvisori) - Comune: Roma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701194349/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index.html |date=2011-07-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt; uh
|population_total= 2777979
|population_as_of= September 2011
|pop_density_footnotes=
|population_demonym= Roman
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m= 20
|twin1=
|twin1_country=
|saint= [[Saunt Peter]] an [[Paul o Tarsus|Saunt Paul]]
|day= 29 June
|postal_code= 00100; 00121 tae 00199
|area_code= 06
|gdp_per capita= 175, 252 $
|website= {{official website|http://www.comune.roma.it}}
|footnotes=
}}
'''Roum''' ({{lang-it|Roma}}, {{IPA-it|ˈroːma|pron|It-Roma.ogg}}; {{lang-la|Rōma}}) is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o [[Italy]] an the kintra's lairgest an maist populatit ceety an [[comune|commune]], wi ower 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi). Roum's [[metropolitan aurie]] is the seicont lairgest in Italy (efter [[Milan]]), wi some 3.7 million residents.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF|format=PDF|title=Competitive Cities in the Global Economy|author=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=2009-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001192936/http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF|archivedate=2008-10-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ceety is locatit in the central-wastren portion o the [[Italian Peninsula]], on the [[Tiber River]] athin the [[Lazio]] [[Regions o Italy|region o Italy]].

[[History o Roum|Roum's history]] spans ower [[Leet o cities by time o continuous habitation|twa an a hauf thoosand year]]. It wis the caipital ceety o the [[Roman Kinrick]], the [[Roman Republic]] an the [[Roman Empire]], that wis the dominant [[Great pouer|pouer]] in [[Wastern Europe]] an the lands haein mairches wi the [[Mediterranean Sea]] for ower seiven hunder year frae the 1st century BC till the 7t century AD. Syne the 1st century AD Roum haes been the seat o the [[Pape|Papacy]] an, efter the end o [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] domination, in the 8t century it becam the caipital o the [[Papal States]], that lestit till 1870. In 1871 Roum became the caipital o the [[Kinrick o Italy]], an in 1946 that o the [[Italy|Italian Republic]].

Roum is a village in lebanon

== Etymologie ==

Aboot the oreegin o the name ''Roma'' several hypotheses hae been advancit.&lt;ref&gt;Claudio Rendina, ''Roma ieri, oggi, domani'', Newton Compton, Roma, 2007, pg. 17&lt;/ref&gt;  The maist important is the follaein:
* frae ''Rommylos'' ([[Romulus an Remus|Romulus]]), son o [[Ascanius]] an foonder o the ceety;
* frae ''Rumon'' or ''Rumen'', archaic name o [[Tiber]]. It haes the same ruit o the [[Greek leid|Greek]] verb ῥέω (rhèo) an o the Laitin verb ''ruo'', whilk baith mean &quot;flow&quot;;&lt;ref&gt;This hypothesis originates from the Roman Grammarian [[Maurus Servius Honoratus]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* frae the [[Etruscan leid|Etruscan]] wird ''ruma'', whase ruit is *rum-, &quot;teat&quot;, wi possible reference aither tae the [[Foondin o Roum#The legend|totem wouf that adoptit an soukit the cognately named twins Romulus an Remus]], or tae the shape o [[Palatine Hill|Palatine]] an [[Aventine Hill|Aventine]] hills;
* frae the Greek wird ῤώμη (rhòme), whilk means ''strenth'';&lt;ref&gt;This hypothesis oreeginates frae [[Plutarch]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== History ==
Accordin tae legend, Roum wis foondit on 21 Apryle 753 BC bi [[Romulus an Remus|Romulus]]. He killt his twin brither namit [[Romulus an Remus|Remus]], wi whom he haed been raised bi a [[wouf]], an became the first king o Roum. Efter Romulus, wha, amang ither things, creatit the [[Senate]], thare wur, accordin tae legend, sax mair kings: [[Numa Pompilius]], [[Tullo Ostilio]], [[Anco Marzio]],  [[Tarquinius Priscus]], [[Servius Tullius]], an [[Tarquinius Superbus]].

At the end o the age o [[monarchy]], began the Republican era, in whilk Roum, bi wey o increasin expansion, facit several conflicts: in [[390 BC]], efter struggles wi neebourin fowks, the toun wis invadit bi [[Gauls]] an atween the third an seicont century AD, focht again the rival [[Carthage]], whilk then wis fangit an malafoustert bi the Roman airmy.
But anerly wi [[Julius Caesar]] in the first century BC, did the ceety began tae grow significantly, inspecially taewart the Campo Marzio, at the north o [[Capitoline Hill|Capitol]], an its domain wis stendit tae [[Britannia]]. Caesar wis niver crouned emperor, a title whilk, housomeivver, fell tae his adoptit son Octavian wha teuk the throne unner the name o [[Augustus]]. Augustus &quot;foond a ceety o bricks an left it o marble&quot; an its predecessors wur nae less: thare wis nae emperor wha enriched its ceety wi new monuments, temples an triumphal airches.

Wi the decline o the [[Roman Empire]], the ceety declined in importance an fell intae ruin. [[Pape Gregory I]] creatit major reforms for the fowk. The economy o the umwhile caipital wis a turnin point: we can say that frae that moment on, the ceety wis ruled bi the [[pape]], an suin became the caipital o a state an aw, the [[Papal States]], whilk remained active till the [[1800|nineteent century]]. Even papes, like the emperors, became richer ower the centuries. The ceety o monuments an kirks wis cried the &quot;caipital o Christendom&quot;, syne here stuid an still staunds the Basilica di San Giovanni Lateran, the maist important kirk o the warld. The pouer o the Pape lessened alang wi its state. In fact, on 20 September 1870, [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]]'s airmy, whilk haed the task o unitin aw o Italy unner the croun o Savoy, entered the ceety through a breach opened in the waws at Porta Pia an, the same year, Roum became the caipital o the newborn state.

==Eddication==
===University===
*[[Niccolò Cusano University]]

==Sport==
Roum wis the organiser o residence at the [[1960 Simmer Olympics]]. Fitbaa is an important sport for the Romans, wi [[Serie A]] clubs [[AS Roma]] an [[SS Lazio]] is important.

== Twin touns, sister ceeties an pairtner ceeties ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}}

[[File:Castro Pretorio - Colonna di Parigi alle Terme di Diocleziano 1010023.JPG|thumb|upright|Column dedicatit tae Paris in 1956 near the [[Baths o Diocletian]]]]

Roum is syne 1956 exclusively an reciprocally [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] anerlie wi:
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], Fraunce
:{{fr icon}} ''Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris.''
:{{it icon}} ''Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi.''
:&quot;Anerlie Paris is worthy o Roum; anerlie Roum is worthy o Paris.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?page_id=8139&amp;document_type_id=5&amp;document_id=29903&amp;portlet_id=18784|title=Twinning with Rome|accessdate=27 May 2010|archive-date=2012-09-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905235843/http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?page_id=8139&amp;document_type_id=5&amp;document_id=29903&amp;portlet_id=18784|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paris1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&amp;document_type_id=5&amp;document_id=16468&amp;portlet_id=14974 |work=Mairie de Paris |title=Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération |accessdate=14 October 2007 |archive-date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122093109/http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paris2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/en/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |work=Mairie de Paris |title=International relations: special partners |accessdate=14 October 2007 |archive-date=2008-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225090448/http://www.v1.paris.fr/EN/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Roum's sister an pairtner ceeties are:
{| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;
|
* {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Achacachi]], [[Bolivie]].&lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;http://www.liberazione.it/giornale/051129/LB12D6D0.asp – Short newspaper airticle on the Roum / Achacachi twinnin&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;
* {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algerie]].
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], Cheenae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|title=Sister Cities|publisher=Beijing Municipal Government|accessdate=23 June 2009|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq6B2fdq?url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&amp;document_type_id=5&amp;document_id=16467&amp;portlet_id=14974 |title=Le jumelage avec Rome |accessdate=9 July 2008 |publisher=Municipalité de Paris |language=French |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141833/http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&amp;document_type_id=5&amp;document_id=16467&amp;portlet_id=14974 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]].
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brasília]], [[Brazil]].
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]].
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]].
||
||
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Lunnon]], Unitit Kinrick.
* {{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]], Indie.
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], Spain.&lt;ref name=&quot;hermanadas&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas | publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | url = http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=especial1&amp;idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD  | accessdate=17 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Marbella]], Spain.
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal]], Canadae.
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[New York Ceety]], Unitit States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=NYC's Sister Cities |publisher=Sister City Program of the City of New York |year=2006 |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml |accessdate=1 September 2008 |archive-date=2008-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521052322/http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgarie]].
* {{flagicon|India}} [[New Delhi]], Indie.
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], Sooth Korea.
||
||
* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], Australie.
* {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;International relations&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=23 June 2009 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |format=PDF |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216035358/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], Japan.
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Tongeren]], Belgium.
* {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]], [[Tunisie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tunis&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508191341/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|archivedate=2008-05-08|title=Cooperation Internationale|publisher=© 2003–2009 City of Tunis Portal|language=French|accessdate=31 July 2009|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Multan]], [[Pakistan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=145013 |title=Rome and Multan ‘to be made sister cities’ |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date=5 November 2008 |accessdate=17 October 2009 |archive-date=2026-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107191358/http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=145013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Rome}}

{{Province o Roum}}

[[Category:Roum|*]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Haly ceeties]]
[[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes|Roum (1960)]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 8t century BC]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3846" sha1="6edqbqdmlbqsjvd7rxh0uje9c9rotxc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
| region     = Wastren philosophy
| era        = [[Auncient philosophy]]
| image      = Plato Silanion Musei Capitolini MC1377.jpg
| caption    = Roman copy o a portrait bust bi [[Silanion]] for the Academia in Athens ({{circa|lk=no}} 370 BC)
| name       = Plato
| birth_date = 428/427 or 424/423 BC
| birth_place = [[Clessical Athens|Athens]], Greece
| death_date = 348/347 BC (age {{circa|80}})
| death_place = Athens, Greece
|ethnicity         = [[Greeks|Greek]]
| school_tradition = [[Platonism]]
| main_interests = [[Rhetoric]], [[airt]], [[leeteratur]], [[epistemology]], [[juistice]], [[virtue]], [[politics]], [[eddication]], [[faimily]], [[militarism]], [[freendship]], [[luve]]
| notable_works = ''[[Apology (Plato)|Apology]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Phaedo]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]''
| notable_ideas = [[Theory o Forms]], [[Platonic idealism]], [[philosopher king]], [[Platonic realism]], [[Plato's tripartite theory o saul]], ''[[hyperuranion]]'', ''[[metaxy]]'', ''[[khôra]]'', ''[[methexis]]'', ''[[theia mania]]'', ''[[agathos kai sophos]]'', ''[[poiesis]]'', ''[[philotimon]]''
| influences    = [[Socrates]], [[Homer]], [[Hesiod]], [[Aristophanes]], [[Aesop]], [[Protagoras]], [[Parmenides]], [[Pythagoras]], [[Heraclitus]], [[Orphism (releegion)|Orphism]]
| influenced    = Maist o [[Western philosophy]] that cam efter his warks
}}
'''Plato''' (or '''Platae''') ({{IPA-en|ˈpleɪtoʊ}}; [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]]:  {{polytonic|[[wikt:Πλάτων|Πλάτων]]}}, ''Plátōn'', &quot;broad&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Diogenes Laertius]] 3.4; p. 21, David Sedley, [http://assets.cambridge.org/052158/4922/sample/0521584922ws.pdf ''Plato's Cratylus''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910051058/http://assets.cambridge.org/052158/4922/sample/0521584922ws.pdf |date=2008-09-10 }}, Cambridge University Press 2003&lt;/ref&gt;; 427/428 BC{{Ref_label|A|a|none}} – 347/348 BC), wis a [[Classical Greece|Classical]] [[Greeks|Greek]] [[philosopher]], [[mathematician]], writer o philosophical dialogues, an foonder o the [[Platonic Academy|Academy]] in [[Ancient Athens|Athens]], the first institution o heicher learnin in the [[Wastren warld]]. Alang wi his mentor, [[Socrates]], an his student, [[Aristotle]], Plato helped tae lay the foondations o [[Wastren philosophy]] an [[science]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Br&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Plato|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Plato wis oreeginally a student o Socrates, an wis as muckle influenced bi his thinkin as bi his apparently unjuist execution. 

Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his [[Socratic dialogues]]; thirtie-sax dialogues an thirteen letters hae been ascribed tae him.  Plato's writins hae been published in several fashions; this haes led tae several conventions regardin the namin an referencin o Plato's texts.

Plato's dialogues hae been uised tae teach a range o subjects, includin [[philosophy]], [[logic]], [[rhetoric]] an [[mathematics]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plato}}
[[Category:420s BC births]]
[[Category:340s BC daiths]]
[[Category:4t-century BC Greek fowk]]
[[Category:4t-century BC philosophers]]
[[Category:4t-century BC poets]]
[[Category:Academic philosophers]]
[[Category:Auncient Athenian philosophers]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek philosophers]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek physicists]]
[[Category:Auncient Greek wrestlers]]
[[Category:Auncient Greeks selt as sclaves]]
[[Category:Auncient Syracuse]]
[[Category:Attic Greek writers]]
[[Category:Epigrammatists o the Greek Anthology]]
[[Category:Ontologists]]
[[Category:Philosophers o eddication]]
[[Category:Philosophers o leid]]
[[Category:Philosophers o law]]
[[Category:Plato|*]]
[[Category:Platonism|*]]
[[Category:Poleetical philosophers]]
[[Category:Pupils o Socrates]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shahrisabz</title>
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      <text bytes="5545" sha1="o10axphej7nm5zz9kmmhxoakff5aluk" xml:space="preserve">'''Shakhrisabz''' ({{lang-uz|'''Shahrisabz''' / Шаҳрисабз}}; {{lang-fa|شهر سبز / Shahr-e Sabz}}; {{lang-ru|Шахрисабз}}), is a ceety in [[Uzbekistan]]i province o [[Qashqadaryo Province|Qashqadaryo]] locatit approximately 80&amp;nbsp;km sooth o [[Samarkand]] wi the population o 53,000 (1991). It is locatit at the altitude o 622 m. Ance a major ceety o [[Central Asie]], it is primarily kent the day as the birthplace o 14t century [[Turco-Mongol]] conqueror [[Timur]]. Its name (شهر سبز) means &quot;green/verdant ceety&quot; in [[Persie leid|Persian]].

==History==

Umwhile kent as '''Kash''' (i.e., &quot;hert-pleasin&quot;) an tentatively identifee'd wi the auncient '''Nautaca''' Shahrisabz shoud be coontit amang Central Asie’s maist auncient ceeties. It wis foondit mair nor 2700 years ago.

Frae the 6t tae 4t centuries BC it wis a pairt o Akhemenid empire.

[[Alexander the Great]]'s general [[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy]] captured the [[satrap]] o [[Bactrie]] an [[pretender]] tae the [[Persie Empire|Persie]] throne, [[Bessus]], at Nautaca thus endin the ance great [[Achaemenid]] Empire. Alexander the Great chose tae spend his winters an met his wife [[Roxanna]] in the aurie in 328-327 BC.

Frae 4t tae 8t century Kesh wis ane o urban centers o [[Sogdiana]].

Atween 567 an 658 rulers o Kesh paid taxes tae caghans o Turkic an Wastren Turkic caghanates.

In 710 ceety wis conqured bi Arabs.

Shahrisabz wis the birthplace o [[Timur]] on Aprile 9, 1336, tae the faimily o a minor local chief, an durin the early years o the [[Timurid dynasty]], enjoyed its considerable patronage. Timur regardit Shahrisabz as his “hame toun” an planned it eventually tae be the location o his tomb. Housomeivver, durin the Timurid period, the centre o activity shiftit tae [[Samarkand]] insteid.

Accordin tae legend, The [[Khan (teetle)|Khan]] o [[Bukhara]], [[Abdullah Khan II]] haed the ceety destroyed in a fit o rage ower the daith o his favorite horse frae exhaustion on a steep approach the ceety, but wis later owercome wi remorse for the damage he haed done.

The ceety struggled for autonomy unner Bukharan rule. The [[Roushie Empire|Roushies]] helped Bukharan emir tae conquere the ceety in 1870.

==Ethnography==

Shahrisabz is ane o Uzbakistan's touns an ceeties wi a Persie-speakin Tajik majority. The kintraside is solidly Tajik, pairticularly in the direction o the east an [[Tajikistan]]. The Uzbeks, &quot;Chaghatay&quot; an &quot;Turks&quot; form a lairge minority in the ceety. The Roushie minority is dwindlin syne 1991 an the [[collapse o the Soviet Union]].

== Monuments ==
[[Image:Aq-Saray Shahrisabz 2.JPG|thumb|Entrance tae the Ark fortress.]]

Several remainin impressive monuments frae the [[Timurid dynasty]] hae enabled the auld pairt o the ceety tae be inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Leet]].(''See'' [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Uzbekistan]])

* '''Aq-Saray Palace'''

'''[[Timur]]'s Simmer Palace''', the “White Palace” wis planned as the maist grandiose o aw Timur's constructions. It wis stairtit in 1380 bi airtisans deportit bi Timur frae the recently-conquered [[Khwarezm]]. Unfortunately, anerliey traces o its gigantic 65 m gate-touers survive, wi blue, white an gowd mosaics. Abuin the entry o the Ak-Saray are big letters sayin: &quot;If ye challenge oor pouer - leuk at oor biggins!&quot;

* '''Kok Gumbaz Mosque / Dorut Tilyovat ([[Dorut Tilavat]]) Complex'''

A Friday [[mosque]] biggit in 1437 bi [[Ulugh Beg]] in honour o his faither [[Shah Rukh]], its name meanin “Blue Dome”. Locatit immediately ahint the Kok Gumbaz Mosque is the sae-cried “Hoose o Meditation”, a [[mausoleum]] biggit bi Ulugh Beg in 1438 but apparently niver uised for burials.

* '''Hazrat-i Imam Complex'''

East o the Kok Gumbaz is anither mausoleum complex cried '''Dorussiadat''' (Seat o Pouer an Micht), which contains the Tomb o Jehangir, Timur’s eldest an favorite son. The adjacent mosque is said tae hoose the tomb o a revered 8t century [[imam]] [[Amir Kulal]].

[[Image:Dorussiadat.JPG|thumb|left|Dorussiadat mausoleum]]
* '''Tomb o Timur'''

Ahint the Hazrat-i Imam Emsemble is a bunker wi a door leadin tae an unnergrund chamber, discovered bi airchaeologists in 1943. The room is nearly filled wi a single stane casket, on which inscriptions indicate that it wis intendit for Timur. Housomeivver, the conqueror wis buried in Samarkand, no at Shahrisabz, an mysteriously, his tomb in Shahrisabz contained twa unidentifee'd corpse.

An a o interest are medieval baths an an 18t century [[bazaar]].

== In popular cultur ==
In 1980s the Uzbek group &quot;Yalla&quot; wrote a sang aboot Shahrisabz.

==Freemit airtins==
{{commonscat|Shahrisabz}}
*[http://www.orexca.com/shakhrisabz.shtml History an monuments o Shahrisabz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522162005/http://www.orexca.com/shakhrisabz.shtml |date=2012-05-22 }}
*[http://www.kufic.info/architecture/aqsaray/aqsaray.htm Square Kufic decoration on Timur's Simmer Palace]
*[http://www.kufic.info/architecture/shakhrisabz/daralsiyadah.htm Square Kufic decoration on the Dar al-Siyadah Complex]
*[http://www.kufic.info/architecture/shakhrisabz/daraltilavah.htm Square Kufic decoration on the Dar al-Tilavah Complex]
*{{Youtube|id = 3elGQefFPlw|title = Yalla - &quot;Shahrisabz&quot;}}

{{coord|39|03|N|66|50|E|region:UZ_type:city|display=title}}
{{Iranian Airchitectur}}
{{Ceeties in Uzbekistan}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Qashqadaryo Province]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Uzbekistan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Karahunj</title>
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      <text bytes="2557" sha1="t9poddn76hennqcixhu3v4kf45nq6po" xml:space="preserve">:''For a megalithic structur in Armenie, see [[Zorats Karer]]; for a veelage in Azerbaijan, see [[Karaundzh, Azerbaijan]].'' 
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Karahunj
|name_local =  Քարահունջ
|settlement_type        = [[Commonty (Armenie)|commonty]]
|pushpin_map            =Armenia
|mapsize                =150px
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Armenie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Armenie|Marz]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
|area_total_km2           = 19.16
|area_footnotes           = &lt;ref&gt;{{ARMENIAarea|Syunik}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_as_of         = 2010
|population_total =1303
|population_density_km2   =auto
|timezone               = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] +4
|utc_offset             = 
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|39|28|45|N|46|21|32|E|region:AM|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 
|area_code              = 
|website                = 
|footnotes              ={{GEOnet2|32FA881E6EAD3774E0440003BA962ED3}}
}}
'''Karahunj''' ({{lang-hy|Քարահունջ}}; [[Romanise|Romanisit]] as '''K’arahunj''', '''Karaundzh''', '''Karahundj''', an '''Qarahunj''' an aw) is a veelage an [[Commonty (Armenie)|rural commonty]] (municipality) in [[Armenie]] in [[Syunik Province]] kent for airchaeological steid [[Zorats Karer|Karahunj]], thoicht as ae o the auldest observations in the warld.{{Citation needed}} Karahunj is locatit 4 km sooth o the ceety o [[Goris]].

The [[Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie]] (ARMSTAT) reportit its population wis 1,303 in 2010,&lt;ref&gt;{{ARMSTATdata|44}}&lt;/ref&gt; up frae 1,254 at the 2001 census.&lt;ref&gt;{{ArmenianCensus|210}}&lt;/ref&gt;
The name Karahunj is derivit frae the airchaeological steid o [[Zorats Karer|Karahunj]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Qarahunge the oldest observatory in the world|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/culture/news/53646/Qarahunge_the_oldest_observatory_in_the_world|work=Armenian Online News Source|accessdate=8 October 2011|date=9/17/2010|archive-date=2012-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430215008/http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/culture/news/53646/Qarahunge_the_oldest_observatory_in_the_world|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Stub/Armenie}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Syunik}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Syunik Province]]
[[Category:Commonties in Syunik Province]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Çorum Province</title>
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      <text bytes="11017" sha1="kbdg1wy4ofxfw0xvzdufkx4sk1yrqd9" xml:space="preserve">{{other uses|Corum (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Province TR
|name=Çorum
|map=Çorum in Turkey.svg
|region =Black Sea
|area=12,820
|total population=540,704
|tpop_as_of = 2009
|licence=19
|area_code=364

|}}
'''Çorum''' ({{lang-tr|{{italics correction|Çorum İli}}}}) is a province in the [[Black Sea Region]] o [[Turkey]], but lyin inland an haein mair characteristics o [[Central Anatolie Region|Central Anatolie]] than the Black Sea coast.

Wi important archaeological steids datin back 5,000 year an a unique naitural brawnie, Çorum is attractive tae visitors.

==Geografie==
The province o Çorum is a mixtur o muntains an heich plateaus, some o it watered bi the [[Kızılırmak (river)|Kızılırmak]] an [[Yeşil River|Yeşilırmak]] rivers. The province includes hintle attractive heich meadae an muntain for walkin an excursions frae the ceety an touns.
[[Image:Taybi Ovasi Kızılırmak.jpg|left|thumb|350px|[[Kızılırmak (river)|Kızılırmak]] an Taybı plain, [[İskilip]]]]
{{-}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;width:100%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color: #000080&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; |Month
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Jan
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Feb
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Mar
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Apr
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Mey
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Jun
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Jul
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Aug
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Sep
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Oct
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Nov
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; | Dec
|-
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; |Average heich °C
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;&quot; | 4.2
| style=&quot;background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;&quot; | 6.5
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;&quot; | 11.5
| style=&quot;background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;&quot; | 17.4
| style=&quot;background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;&quot; | 21.8
| style=&quot;background: #FF8000; color:#000000;&quot; | 25.6
| style=&quot;background: #FF8000; color:#000000;&quot; | 28.9
| style=&quot;background: #FF8000; color:#000000;&quot; | 29.1
| style=&quot;background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;&quot; | 25.6
| style=&quot;background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;&quot; | 19.5
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;&quot; | 12.1
| style=&quot;background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;&quot; | 6.0
|-
! style=&quot;background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;&quot; height=&quot;16;&quot; |Ave. law °C
| style=&quot;background: #80FFFF; color: black;&quot; | -4.3
| style=&quot;background: #80FFFF; color: black;&quot; | -3.8
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color: black;&quot; | -1.1
| style=&quot;background: #DDDDDD; color: black;&quot; |  3.7
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFCC; color: black;&quot; |  7.0
| style=&quot;background: #FFFF99; color: black;&quot; |  9.8
| style=&quot;background: #FFFF99; color: black;&quot; |  12.1
| style=&quot;background: #FFFF99; color: black;&quot; |  12.0
| style=&quot;background: #FFFF99; color: black;&quot; |  8.7
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFCC; color: black;&quot; |  4.7
| style=&quot;background: #DDDDDD; color: black;&quot; |  0.3
| style=&quot;background: #FFFFFF; color: black;&quot; | -2.3
|-
| colspan=&quot;14&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:90%;&quot;|''soorce: [http://www.meteor.gov.tr/2006/tahmin/tahmin-iller.aspx?secimNo=24 www.meteor.gov.tr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617151527/http://www.meteor.gov.tr/2006/tahmin/tahmin-iller.aspx?secimNo=24 |date=2008-06-17 }}
|}

==History==
[[Image:Lion Gate, Hattusa 01.jpg|thumb|250px|The Lion Gate at Hattusa, Turkey. This wis ane o the twa ceety gates. The airc is teepical for Hittite airchitectur.]]
Excavations reveal that Çorum aurie wis inhabitit durin the Paleolithic, Neolithic period an the 4t stage o the Calcolithic Age. Remains o thir periods hae been foond at Büyük Güllüce, Eskiyapar an Kuşsaray.

In later times Çorum an its environs wur dominatit bi [[Hittites]] an in the destrict o [[Boğazkale]] is ane o the maist important Hittite steids in Anatolie, the UNESCO Warld Heritage leetit [[Hattusa]], the caipital o the Hittite Empire frae 1700 BC tae 1200 BC. Ither important Hittite steid include the open-air temples at [[Yazılıkaya]] an [[Alacahöyük]]; ryal tombs; an the excavations o [[Boğazköy]] includin tablets provin tradin links atween the Hittites an the [[Auncient Egyp]]tians.

Then came the ither ceevilizations: [[Phrygians]], who left remains at [[Pazarlı]], north o Çorum;

Then [[Cimmerians]], [[Medes]], [[Persie fowk|Persies]], [[Galatie]]s, [[Auncient Roum|Romans]], [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], [[Seljuk Turks]], [[Danishmends]], [[Mongol Empire]] ([[Ilkhanids]]), [[Eretnids]], [[Kadi Burhan al-Din]] an feenally the [[Ottoman Empire]]. As well as the Hittite airchaeologie the province contains a nummer o castles an aw, brigs an mosques frae the Seljuk an Ottoman periods. 
{{clear}}

==Population==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=750
! colspan=19 |Population statistical o subprovinces
|-bgcolor=&quot;#ccccff&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''[[Subprovince]]'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |  '''1831*''' 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1849'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1893'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1907'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1927'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''1950'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''1960'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''1970'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''1980'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''1990'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''2000'''
| align=&quot;center&quot;  | '''2007'''
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Çorum]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10.075*
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49.057
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80.973
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60.752
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88.056
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 118.536
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 144.569
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168.985
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189.748
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 221.699
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
|-bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Alaca]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26.787
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46.444
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54.315
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56.657
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56.724
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53.403
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53.193
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Bayat, Çorum|Bayat]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22.836
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27.078
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31.957
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36.294
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30.574
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Boğazkale]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9.973
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8.190
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Dodurga]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13.550
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10.439
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
|-bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[İskilip]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11.450*
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43.442
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43.271
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52.362
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53.722
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66.611
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55.618
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67.434
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 72.569
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52.569
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45.327
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Kargı]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31.564
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32.261
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31.247
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26.762
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20.388
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Laçin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11.960
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9.425
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
|-bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Mecitözü]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31.928
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1907
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36.752
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44.319
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34.598
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35.496
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34.911
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31.246
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26.064
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Oğuzlar]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11.154
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9.083
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Ortaköy]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9.580
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11.016
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12.420
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13.073
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11.820
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Osmancık]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4.349*
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17.639
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29.473
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29.184
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33.494
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42.960
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53.849
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63.018
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52.490
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53.758
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
|-bgcolor=&quot;#FFCC00&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Sungurlu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67.607
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39.793
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40.405
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62.429
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76.382
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90.006
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100.000
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 88.327
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80.840
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 
|- 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Uğurludağ]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | - 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | -
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18.111
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16.265
| align=&quot;right&quot; |  
|-bgcolor=&quot;#ccccff&quot; 
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Tot
| align=&quot;right&quot; | ''' '''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |  
| align=&quot;right&quot; | ''' '''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''202.601'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''247.602'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''341.353'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''446.389'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''518.366'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''571.831'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''608.660'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | '''597.065'''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |
|}

* The census data o 1831 is anly the central ceety, villages an towns are nae included.
* The boxes wi (-) sign are the times the afore the subprovince wis a subprovince.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
* {{tr icon}} [http://www.corum.gov.tr/ Çorum govrenor's offeecial wabsteid]
* {{tr icon}} [http://www.corum.bel.tr/ Çorum municipality's offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003072956/https://corum.bel.tr/ |date=2020-10-03 }}
* {{en icon}} [http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=CORUM Çorum weather forecast information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824133611/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=CORUM |date=2011-08-24 }}

{{Destricts o Turkey|provname=Çorum|sortkey=Corum}}
{{Provinces o Turkey}}

[[Category:Çorum Province|*]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tapachula</title>
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      <text bytes="5919" sha1="idvwnmo6pdia4wdn29xjcc65othcpna" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|name          = Tapachula, Chiapas
|settlement_type        = Toun &amp; Municipality
|other_name             =
|native_name            =  &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|nickname               =
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              = Tapachula 02.PNG
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            = The location o Tapachula municipality in Chiapas
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Mexico &lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Mexico}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Chiapas]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                = Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 303  &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2005
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 282,420
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               = 189,991
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        = Ethnicities
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        = Releegions
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               =
|utc_offset             =
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
|coordinates            = {{coord|14|54|N|92|16|W|region:MX|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Tapachula''' is a toun an [[municipalities o Mexico|municipality]] locatit in the far soothwast o the state o [[Chiapas]] in [[Mexico]], near the [[Guatemala]]n border an the Pacific Ocean. It is ane o the maist important ceeties o Chiapas economically as the caipital o the agriculturally rich [[Soconusco]] region as well as port for trade atween Mexico an [[Central Americae]]. The aurie wis oreeginally inhabitit bi the [[Mam fowk|Mame-Maya]] as a region unner the control o the Mame state o [[Quetzaltenango|Xelaju]] but wis first establisht as a ceety bi the [[Aztec]]s in the 13t century. Maist o its economic importance haes come syne the late 19th century wi the establishment o coffee plantations. This agricultural production began a history o migration intae the aurie which continues tae this day an haes left the ceety wi a significant Asie an German cultural presence as well as muckle Mayan an Nahua indigenous populations.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.tapachula.gob.mx/ Ayuntamiento de Tapachula] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326233357/http://www.tapachula.gob.mx/ |date=2016-03-26 }} Offeecial wabsteid
* [http://www.tapachulaturistica.com/ Tourism of Tapachula] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116202210/http://www.tapachulaturistica.com/ |date=2021-01-16 }} Nan Offeecial wabsteid Tourism

{{Chiapas}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Chiapas]]
[[Category:Municipalities o Chiapas]]</text>
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    <title>Recife</title>
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      <text bytes="18530" sha1="ikyvifuajnupuhn1tlvtqsobrwstjt5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Recife

|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Brazil|Municipality]]
|official_name          = The Municipality o Recife
|nickname               = Veneza Brasileira (Brazilian [[Venice]]), Caipital o the Northeast an Mauricéia/Mauritsstad (efter the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] colonization)
|motto                  = {{lang-la|&quot;Ut Luceat Omnibus''&quot;''}}&lt;br&gt;&quot;That it mey shine on aw&quot; ([[Gospel o Matthew|Matthew]] [[Sermon on the Munt|5:15]])
|image_skyline          = Montagem Recife (3).jpg
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          = Frae upper left: Auld centre o Recife; Recife an its bridges; Aereal View o Boa Viagem Beach; Boa Viagem Beach; The Crystal Touer; Capibaribe River; The neighborhuid o Boa Viagem; Agamenon Magalhães Avenue; Recife Sunset.
|image_flag             = Bandeira do Recife.svg
|image_coa              = Brasaorecife.jpg
|image_map              =
|mapsize                =
|pushpin_map=Brazil
|pushpin_map_size=250
|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Brazil
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[States o Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_name1      = [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]]
|subdivision_name2      = {{flag|Pernambuco}}
|leader_title           = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name            = Geraldo Júlio de Mello Filho ([[Geraldo Júlio]]) ([[Brazilian Socialist Pairty|PSB]])
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = Mairch 12, 1537
|established_title2     = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporatit]] (as veelage)
|established_date2      = 1709
|established_title3     = Incorporatit (as ceety)
|established_date3      = 1823
|area_magnitude         = 1 E8
|area_total_km2         = 218
|area_total_sq_mi       = 84.17
|area_land_km2          =
|area_land_sq_mi        =
|area_water_km2         =
|area_water_sq_mi       =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2         =
|area_urban_sq_mi       =
|area_metro_km2         = 2,768
|area_metro_sq_mi       = 1,068.7
|population_as_of       = 2012
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 1,555,039 ([[Leet o lairgest ceeties in Brazil|9t]])
|population_density_km2 = 7133.2
|population_density_sq_mi = 18537.9
|population_metro       = 3,743,854([[Leet o lairgest ceeties in Brazil|6t]])
|population_density_metro_km2 = 1,352.5
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 3,527
|population_urban       =
|timezone               = [[UTC-3]]
|utc_offset             = -3
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
|coordinates            = {{coord|8|3|S|34|54|W|region:BR|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 10
|elevation_ft           = 33
|area_code              = +55 81
|postal_code_type       = Postal Code
|postal_code            = 50000-000
|blank_name         =
|blank_info         =
|website                  = [http://www.recife.pe.gov.br Recife, Pernambuco]
}}

'''Recife''' ({{IPA-pt|ʁeˈsifi|-|Br-Recife.ogg}}, ''heh-see-fee'') is the fift-lairgest&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1246&amp;id_pagina=1 Cities Influence Areas]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Recife metropolitan aurie|metropolitan aurie]] in [[Brazil]] wi 3,743,854 indwallers, the lairgest metropolitan aurie o the North/Northeast Regions, the 5t-lairgest metropolitan influence aurie in Brazil, an the caipital an lairgest ceety o the state o [[Pernambuco]]. The population o the ceety proper wis 1,555,039 in 2012.&lt;ref&gt;[http://g1.globo.com/pernambuco/noticia/2012/08/regiao-metropolitana-do-recife-e-6-mais-populosa-do-brasil-diz-ibge.html IBGE 2012 Census Population]&lt;/ref&gt;

Recife is locatit whaur the [[Beberibe River]] meets the [[Capibaribe River]] tae flaw intae the Atlantic Ocean. It is a major port on the Atlantic Ocean. Its name is an allusion tae the coral [[reef]]s that are present bi the ceety's shores. The mony rivers, smaa islands an ower 50 brigs foond in Recife ceety centre characterize its geografie an gies it the moniker o the &quot;Brazilian [[Venice]].&quot;

The [[Recife metropolitan aurie|Metropolitan Region o Recife]] is the main industrial zone o the [[Pernambuco|State o Pernambuco]]; maist relevant products are those derived frae [[Succarcane|cane]] (succar an [[Ethanol fuel in Brazil|ethanol]]), electronics, fuid, an ithers; thanks tae the fiscal incentives o govrenment, mony industrial enterprises wur stairtit in the 1970s an 1980s. Recife haes a tradeetion o bein the maist important [[commerce|commercial centre]] o the North/Northeastern region o Brazil wi mair nor 52,500 business enterprises in Recife itself plus 32,500 in the Metro Aurie which tots mair nor 85,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/ |title=Recife Municipal Profile |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121223916/http://www.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A combination o a lairge supply o [[workforce|labor]] an signeeficant private investments turned Recife intae Brazil's seicont lairgest medical centre (seicont anly tae [[São Paulo]]);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.uol.com.br/JC/_1999/0509/ec0509i.htm |title=Recife Medical Pool |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212020/http://www2.uol.com.br/JC/_1999/0509/ec0509i.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; modren hospitals wi state-o-the-airt equipment receive patients frae several neighborin States.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pe-az.com.br/saude/polo_medico_recife.htm Pernambuco A-Z]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pernambuco.com/diario/2003/08/06/info1_0.html Pernambuco Daily] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715065415/http://www.pernambuco.com/diario/2003/08/06/info1_0.html |date=2011-07-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lik aw ither ceeties in the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]], Recife is developin its [[tourism|tourist sector]]. The beach o [[Porto de Galinhas]], {{convert|60|km|mi|sp=us}} sooth o the ceety, haes been repeatitly awairdit the title o baist beach in Brazil an haes drawn mony tourists.&lt;ref&gt;[http://gwmroot.gt.com.br/portodegalinhas/matler.asp?newsId=890 Porto de Galinhas Beach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301081247/http://gwmroot.gt.com.br/portodegalinhas/matler.asp?newsId=890 |date=2009-03-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Recife's infrastructur is amang the maist developed in Brazil for travellers an business fowk, tho thare is wide room for improvement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49649 |title=Business in Recife |access-date=2013-02-09 |archive-date=2012-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026003925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49649 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The ceety is an aa a renowned eddicational centre, an home tae the [[Federal Varsity o Pernambuco]], the lairgest varsity in Pernambuco. Several Brazilian historical figures, sic as the poet an abolitionist [[Castro Alves]], moved tae Recife tae attain thair eddication.

Thegither wi [[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]] thir are the anly Brazilian ceeties wi direct flichts tae the islands o [[Fernando de Noronha]], Warld Heritage Steid syne 2001.&lt;ref&gt;[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1000 Unesco - Fernando de Noronha Islands]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie==

Due tae the ceety's proximity tae the [[equator]], Recife wather is generally warm. Recife haes a nummer o islands, rivers, watterwyes an brigs that crisscross the ceety.
Recife is locatit amidst [[tropical forest]]s which are distinguished bi heich rainfaw levels resultin in poor soil quality as the rainfall washes away the nutrients.
Thare is an absence o extreme temperatures an a cuil breeze due tae the tred winds frae the Atlantic Ocean.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.recife.info/recife-weather.html Weather of Recife] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915120054/http://www.recife.info/recife-weather.html |date=2008-09-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:ISS Recife, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb|Recife, seen frae the [[Internaitional Space Station]]]]
=== Vegetation ===
Recife haes a tropical forest. Rainforests are characterized bi heich rainfall, wi definitions settin minimum normal annual rainfaw atween {{convert|2000|mm|in}} an {{convert|1700|mm|in}}. The soil can be poor acause heich rainfall tends tae leach oot soluble nutrients. Thare are several common characteristics o tropical [[rainforest]] trees. The ceety o Recife is fairmed bi three islands (Recife, Santo Antônio, an Boa Vista).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nassauturismo.com.br/nac_pacotes_recife.htm Islands of Recife]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atween the islands are the rivers Beberibe an Capibaribe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unicap.br/eneal/html/turismo.html Rivers of the city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330014650/http://www.unicap.br/eneal/html/turismo.html |date=2009-03-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:A Cidade e o Rio.jpg|thumb|[[Capibaribe River]].]]

===Hydrography===
'''Rivers'''
* [[Capibaribe River|Capibaribe]], [[Beberibe]], Jiquiá,  Tejipió, Jordão an Pina.

'''Beaches'''
* [[Boa Viagem, Recife|Boa Viagem]],  Pina an Brasília Teimosa

'''Lochs'''
* Araçá

'''Lairge watter supplier ([[Dam]]s)'''
* Prata do Meio an Apipucos

===Climate===
Recife haes a year-roond [[tropical climate]], wi warm tae het temperaturs an heich relative humidity throughout the year. Houever, thir conditions are relieved bi pleasant tred winds blowin in frae the ocean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.cdsid.org.br/gdn2012/recife.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052010/http://www.cdsid.org.br/gdn2012/recife.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Unner the [[Köppen climate classification]], the ceety featurs a [[tropical monsoon climate]]. Januar is the warmest month, wi mean temperatures rangin frae {{convert|31|C|F}} tae {{convert|22|C|F}}, wi sun; Julie experiences the cuilest temperatures, wi mean temperatures rangin frae {{convert|27|C|F}} tae {{convert|20|C|F}}, wi rain. Juin is the wettest month an the seicont-cloudiest, receivin an average o {{convert|390|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} o precipitation, an surpassed in cloudiness anly bi August. Indeed, August is incredibly cloudy in Recife, wi a mere daily average o 3.5 oors o sunshine throughoot the month. The driest an sunniest month is November, whan maximum temperatures hover aroond 30&amp;nbsp;°C an an average o {{convert|48|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} o precipitation is recordit. November is an aa Recife's anly true [[dry saison]] month, as aw ither months in the ceety are [[wet saison]] months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.blurbwire.com/topics/Recife::sub::Geography |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2013-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025233519/http://www.blurbwire.com/topics/Recife::sub::Geography |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Weather box
|location = Recife, Brazil
|collapsed = y
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 37
|Feb record high C = 38
|Mar record high C = 37
|Apr record high C = 35
|May record high C = 37
|Jun record high C = 37
|Jul record high C = 32
|Aug record high C = 33
|Sep record high C = 37
|Oct record high C = 37
|Nov record high C = 38
|Dec record high C = 38
|year record high C = 38
|Jan high C = 30.2
|Feb high C = 30.2
|Mar high C = 30.0
|Apr high C = 29.7
|May high C = 28.9
|Jun high C = 28.8
|Jul high C = 27.3
|Aug high C = 27.5
|Sep high C = 28.1
|Oct high C = 29.0
|Nov high C = 30.1
|Dec high C = 30.2
|Jan mean C = 26.6
|Feb mean C = 26.6
|Mar mean C = 26.5
|Apr mean C = 25.9
|May mean C = 25.2
|Jun mean C = 24.5
|Jul mean C = 24.0
|Aug mean C = 23.9
|Sep mean C = 24.6
|Oct mean C = 25.5
|Nov mean C = 25.9
|Dec mean C = 26.3
|Jan low C = 22.4
|Feb low C = 22.6
|Mar low C = 22.7
|Apr low C = 22.6
|May low C = 21.9
|Jun low C = 21.6
|Jul low C = 21.1
|Aug low C = 20.6
|Sep low C = 20.7
|Oct low C = 21.4
|Nov low C = 21.9
|Dec low C = 22.2
|Jan record low C = 20
|Feb record low C = 20
|Mar record low C = 21
|Apr record low C = 20
|May record low C = 21
|Jun record low C = 15
|Jul record low C = 18
|Aug record low C = 17
|Sep record low C = 18
|Oct record low C = 17
|Nov record low C = 17
|Dec record low C = 19
|year record low C = 15
|Jan precipitation mm = 103.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 144.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 264.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 326.4
|May precipitation mm = 328.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 389.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 385.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 213.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 122.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 66.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 65.0
|unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 14
|Feb precipitation days = 16
|Mar precipitation days = 19
|Apr precipitation days = 21
|May precipitation days = 23
|Jun precipitation days = 25
|Jul precipitation days = 25
|Aug precipitation days = 23
|Sep precipitation days = 18
|Oct precipitation days = 15
|Nov precipitation days = 12
|Dec precipitation days = 13
|Jan sun = 244.9
|Feb sun = 211.9
|Mar sun = 204.6
|Apr sun = 186.0
|May sun = 186.0
|Jun sun = 168.0
|Jul sun = 170.5
|Aug sun = 108.5
|Sep sun = 216.0
|Oct sun = 248.0
|Nov sun = 267.0
|Dec sun = 254.2
|Jan humidity = 73
|Feb humidity = 77
|Mar humidity = 80
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 85
|Jun humidity = 85
|Jul humidity = 85
|Aug humidity = 85
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 76
|Nov humidity = 74
|Dec humidity = 75
|year humidity = 80
|source 1 = Warld Meteorological Organization.,&lt;ref name=&quot;WMO&quot;&gt;[http://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01078.htm Climate Information for Recife] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522081145/http://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01078.htm |date=2013-05-22 }}, World Weather Information Service, accessed 05 May 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Hong Kong Observatory (sun only 1961-1990) &lt;ref name=&quot;HKO&quot;&gt;[http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/recife_e.htm Climatological Information for Recife, Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026200705/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/recife_e.htm |date=2013-10-26 }}, Hong Kong Observatory, accessed 05 May 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = Weatherbase (record highs, lows and humidity) &lt;ref name=&quot;Weatherbase&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=99828&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric
  |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Recife
  |accessdate=
  |date=July 2011
  |archive-date=2021-05-02
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502043016/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=99828&amp;refer=&amp;units=metric
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=August 2010
}}

==Notable fowk==
*[[Junior Assuncao]], mixed martial airtist.
*[[Jaqueline Carvalho]], Professional Volleybaw Player.
*[[Manuel Bandeira]], poet an writer.
*[[Guilherme Berenguer]], actor.
*[[Francisco Brennand]], sculptor, painter an ceramist.
*[[Romero Britto]], Sculptor an painter.
*[[Josué de Castro]], humanist an writer.
*[[Nelson Ferreira]], componer an muisicker.
*[[Paulo Freire]], eddicator, poet an writer.
*[[Gilberto Freyre]], sociologist, poet an writer.
*[[Bruno Garcia]], actor.
*[[Lenine (muisicker)|Lenine]], componer.
*[[José Leite Lopes]], pheesicist.
*[[Antônio Maria]], componer.
*[[Joaquim Nabuco]], writer, jurnalist an diplomat.
*[[Marco Nanini]], actor.
*[[João Cabral de Melo Neto]], poet an writer.
*[[Otto]], composer.
*[[Juninho Pernambucano]], fitbawer.
*[[Fred Zero Quatro]], componer.
*[[Robyn Regehr]], ice hockey player.
*[[Rivaldo]], fitbawer.
*[[Nelson Rodrigues]], poet an writer.
*[[Mário Schenberg]], electrical engineer, pheesicist, airt critic an writer.
*[[Chico Science]], componer.
*[[Bezerra da Silva]], componer.
*[[Alceu Valença]], componer.
*[[Naná Vasconcelos]], componer.
*[[Vavá]], fitbawer.
*[[Walter Wanderley]], organist an pianist.

==Sister ceeties==
Recife's [[sister ceeties]] are:&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.recife.pe.gov.br/2007/07/03/mat_144821.php |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |publisher=Recife, Pernambuco |accessdate=2008-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; &quot;text-align:left;font-size:100%;&quot;|
|-
! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;&quot;| Kintra
! ! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; width:140px;&quot;| Ceety
! ! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; width:150px;&quot;| State / Region
! ! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; width:40px;&quot;| Syne
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]]
|! !| [[File:PRT.png|25px]] [[Porto]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|25px]] [[Norte Region]]
|! !| 1987
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|France}} [[Fraunce]]
|! !| [[File:Blason Nantes.svg|25px]] [[Nantes]]
|! !| [[Pays de la Loire]]
|! !| 2003
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|China}} [[Cheenae]]
|! !| [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|25px|]] [[Guangzhou]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px|]] [[Guangdong]]
|! !| 2007
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
|! !| [[File:Amsterdam.svg|25px|]] [[Amsterdam]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of North Holland.svg|25px|]] [[North Holland]]
|! !| 1900
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Unitit States]]
|! !| [[File:Seal of Dallas.svg|25px|]] [[Dallas]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Texas.svg|25px|]] [[Texas]]
|! !| 1948
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]
|! !| [[File:Escudo de A Coruña.svg|25px|]] [[A Coruña]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Galicia.svg|25px|]] [[Galicia]]
|! !| ?
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links|Recife|voy=Recife}}

'''Offeecial'''
* {{pt icon}} [http://www.recife.pe.gov.br/ Official homepage]

'''Tourism'''

{{Caipitals o Brazilian states}}
{{BrazilLairgestCeeties}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Recife}}
[[Category:Recife|*]]
[[Category:Populatit coastal places in Pernambuco]]
[[Category:State caipitals in Brazil]]
[[Category:Port ceeties in Brazil]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1537]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Pernambuco]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maccagno</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2578" sha1="70elxy5vhslvdyqm1z1lstrl0ittszx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Maccagno
| official_name       = Comune di Maccagno
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = 
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
| image_caption       = 
| image_shield        = Maccagno-Stemma.gif
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = Map of comune of Maccagno (province of Varese, region Lombardy, Italy).svg
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|46|3|N|8|44|E|type:city(2,028)_region:IT|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Lombardy]]
| province            = [[Province o Varese|Varese]] (VA)
| frazioni            = Alpe Dei, Alpe Inent, Bosco Nassa, Campagnano, Case Venere, Caviggia, Garabiolo, Lago Delio, Monte Borgna, Musignano, Orascio, Sarangio, Entiglio, Ronco delle Monache, Ronco Valgrande, San Rocco, Sasso della Nonna, Veddo
| mayor_party         = 
| mayor               = Fabio Passera
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 17.0
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total    = 2028
| population_as_of    = Dec. 2004
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Maccagnesi
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 210
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
| saint               = 
| day                 = 
| postal_code         = 21010
| area_code           = 0332
| website             = {{official|http://www.comune.maccagno.va.it/}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
'''Maccagno''' is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) o 2,000 indwallers locatit in the [[province o Varese]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Lombardy]], locatit in the Val Veddasca aboot 70&amp;nbsp;km northwast o [[Milan]] an aboot 25&amp;nbsp;km northwast o [[Varese]].

==History==
In 1622 Giacomo III Mandelli - coont o Maccagno - got frae the emperor [[ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II o Habsburg]] the privilege tae mint coins in its fief.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.comune.maccagno.va.it/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017141430/http://www.comune.maccagno.va.it/ |date=2020-10-17 }}
* [http://www.sibrium.org/en/Research The mint o Maccagno Inferiore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722152426/http://www.sibrium.org/en/Research/ |date=2012-07-22 }}

&lt;br&gt;
{{Lago Maggiore}}

{{Province o Varese}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tatyana Arntgolts</title>
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      <text bytes="11262" sha1="fsyjnbglv6dnf0jjci17ooeww20o4ne" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name         = Tatyana Arntgolts
| image        = Арнтгольц Татьяна Альбертовна (Северодвинск, 2010-03-12).JPG
| alt          = Tatyana Arntgolts
| caption      = Tatyana Arntgolts in 2010
| birth_name   = 
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|1982|03|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Kaliningrad]], [[USSR]]
| years_active = 1999–present
| occupation   = {{ubl|[[Stage actress]]|[[film actor|Film Actress]]|[[Telly actress]]}}
}}

'''Tatyana Albertovna Arntgolts''' ({{lang-ru|Татьяна Альбертовна Арнтгольц}}; born 18 Mairch 1982) is a [[Roushie]] [[Stage actress|stage]], [[film actor|film]] an [[telly actress]].&lt;ref name=womanclub.ru&gt;{{cite news|last=Печорина |language=Russian|first=Дарья|title=Татьяна Арнтгольц - куда ведут актерские гены?|url=http://www.womenclub.ru/serials/1330.htm|accessdate=December 20, 2012|newspaper=womenclub.ru|date=May 20, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=metronews.ru&gt;{{cite news|language=Russian|title=&quot;Пять вечеров&quot; Татьяны Арнтгольц|url=http://www.metronews.ru/razvlechenija/pjat-vecherov-tat-jany-arntgol-c/npUidp---871817863/|accessdate=December 20, 2012|newspaper=metronews.ru|date=April 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Biografie==
Arntgolts is the dochter o Kaliningrad actors [[Albert Arntgolts]] an [[Valentina Galich]]. She haes an [[Identical twins|identical twin]] sister Olga, who is a actress an aw. Thegither they studiet at [[:en:M.S. Schepkin Higher Theatre School (Institute)|M.S. Schepkin Heicher Theatre Schuil]] in [[Moscow]].&lt;ref name=womanclub.ru/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;theater bio&quot;&gt;{{cite web|language=Russian|title=Арнтгольц Татьяна Альбертовна|url=http://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/w/ros/213/bio/|publisher=kino-teatr|accessdate=December 18, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;peoples 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|language=Russian|title=Татьяна Арнтгольц|url=http://www.peoples.ru/art/cinema/actor/arntgolts/|accessdate=December 20, 2012|newspaper=peoples.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2008, Tatyana marriet actor [[Ivan Zhidkov]]. In September 2009, she gave birth tae dochter Mariya in Moscow.

==Career==
In 1999 Arntgolts made her actin debut in the youth drama series ''Prostie isinty'' (The Simple Truth), in which she played student Katya Trofimova.&lt;ref name=&quot;peoples 1&quot;/&gt;

In 2008 Arntgolts pairticipatit in the [[Channel One (Roushie)|Channel One]] show ''Lednikoviy Period'' (Ice Age), whaur celebrities paired wi profeesional [[figur skeitchin]] an each week competit bi performin [[ice dancin]] routines. Her pairtner wis [[Maxim Staviski]].

==Filmografie==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC;&quot; | Year
! style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC;&quot; | Title
! style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC;&quot; | Director
! style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC;&quot; | Gendre
! style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC;&quot; | Time
! style=&quot;background: #CCCCCC;&quot; | Role
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |  1999&lt;br /&gt;-2003
| Simple Truths&lt;br /&gt;(''Простые истины'')
| Juriy Byelenkiy,&lt;br /&gt;Vadim Shmelyov
| TV seriál
| from 57. episode&lt;br /&gt;to 350. episode
| student Katya Trofimova
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2001
| Next&lt;br /&gt;(''Следующий'')
| Oleg Fomin
| crime
| 2. and 4. episode&lt;br /&gt;season 1
| Nata
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2003
| Moscow. Central District&lt;br /&gt;(''Москва. Центральный округ'')
| Vladimir Shchegolkov
| detective
| 12 episodes
| Nijole
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2003
| Daytime Representative&lt;br /&gt;(''Дневной представитель'')
| Vitaliy Vorobyov
| fantasy
| film
| Yvetta
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2003
| Miracles in Reshetov&lt;br /&gt;(''Чудеса в Решетове'')
| Mikhail Levitin
| fantasy comedy
| film
| [[rusalka]] Inka
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2003
| Why do you need an alibi?&lt;br /&gt;(''Зачем тебе алиби?'')
| Rauf Kubayev
| crime drama
| 4 episodes
| felon Natasha
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2003
| The Honeymoon&lt;br /&gt;(''Медовый месяц'')
| Oleg Kompasov
| crime drama
| 4 episodes
| bride Alya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2003
| Cavaliers of the Sea Star&lt;br /&gt;(''Кавалеры Морской Звезды'')
| Yevgeniy Zvezdakov   
| detective 
| 8 episodes
| Olga
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2004
| Moscow. Central District 2&lt;br /&gt;(''Москва. Центральный округ 2'')
| Olga Perunovskaya
| detective
| 8 episodes
| pregnant Nijole
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2004
| Obsession&lt;br /&gt;(''Наваждение'')
| Anna Legchilova
| melodrama
| 8 episodes
| Vera
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2004
| The New Year Is Cancelled!&lt;br /&gt;(''Новый год отменяется!'')
| Vadim Shmelyov   
| comedy
| film
| Katya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2005
| Last weekend&lt;br /&gt;(''Последний уик-энд'')
| Pavel Sanaev
| crime drama
| film
| Katya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2005
| Talisman of Love&lt;br /&gt;(''Талисман любви'')
| Alexandr Nazarov,&lt;br /&gt;Stanislav Libin,&lt;br /&gt;Anexandr Smirnov
| telenovela
| 60 episodes
| Liza Kolzova
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2005
| Diamonds for Juliet&lt;br /&gt;(''Бриллианты для Джульетты'')
| Valeriy Cikov
| comedy
| 4 episodes
| Lena
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| The Madhouse&lt;br /&gt;(''Дурдом'')
| Anatoliy Mateshko
| detective
| 12 episodes
| nurses Katya and Svetlana Kulik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| Genius Hunt&lt;br /&gt;(''Охота на гения'')
| Juriy Kuzmenko
| spy
| 16 episodes
| TV reporter Anya Galkina
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| Under the hail of bullets (''Под ливнем пуль'')&lt;br /&gt;Confrontation (''Противостояние'') film = 3. + 4. ep.
| Vitaliy Vorobyov   
| war
| 3. episode of 4
| nurse Vera Sviridova
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| Midlife crisis, or the Fab Four&lt;br /&gt;(''Бес в ребро, или Великолепная четвёрка'')
| Juriy Muzyka,&lt;br /&gt;Konstantin Smirnov
| comedy
| 12 episodes
| Catarina
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| Leningradets. Alien life&lt;br /&gt;(''Ленинградец. Чужая жизнь'')
| Konstantin Chudyakov
| spy
| 3. and 4.&lt;br /&gt;of 4 episodes
| Anjuta
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| Cactus and Elena&lt;br /&gt;(''Кактус и Елена'')
| Vladimir Balkashinov
| melodrama
| film
| Elena
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2006
| And yet I Love…&lt;br /&gt;(''И всё-таки я люблю…'')
| Sergey Ginzburg
| melodrama
| first 19&lt;br /&gt;of 24 episodes
| Vera
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2007
| Glance&lt;br /&gt;(''Глянец'')
| Andrey Kontchalovskiy
| tragicomedy
| film
| Oksana
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2007
| Stronger than Fire (''Сильнее огня'')&lt;br /&gt;or Two and the War (''Двое и Война'')
| Vitaliy Vorobyov,&lt;br /&gt;Yeugeniy Zvezdakov
| war
| 4 episodes
| teacher and radist Marina Samoylova
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2008
| That nicht the angels cried&lt;br /&gt;(''Этим вечером ангелы плакали'')
| Andrey Volgin,&lt;br /&gt;Maxim Kondratenko
| experiment 
| film
| Tanya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2008
| Testament's wedding&lt;br /&gt;(''Брак по завещанию'')
| Vasiliy Serikov
| adventure
| 12 episodes
| Alexandra Kozintseva&lt;br /&gt;alias Sandra Seymour
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2008
| Dochter&lt;br /&gt;(''Дочка'')
| Maxim Mokrushev
| melodrama
| film
| prostitute Lera Ivanova
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2009
| Cuties&lt;br /&gt;(''Лапушки'')
| Olga Muzaleva
| comedy
| 8 episodes
| stripper Natasha
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | since&lt;br /&gt;2009
| Heart of the Enemy&lt;br /&gt;(''Сердце врага'')
| Alexander Vysokovskiy
| war
| post-production
| German pilot's wife Elsa Vesling
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2010
| Grass under the snow&lt;br /&gt;(''Трава под снегом'')
| Vladimir Yanoshcuk
| melodrama
| 4 episodes
| Lesya
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2011
| Furtseva. Legend of Catherine&lt;br /&gt;(''Фурцева. Легенда о Екатерине'')
| Sergey Popov
| biographical
| first 5&lt;br /&gt;of 12 episodes
| Catherine Furceva politician in his youth
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2011
| Testament's wedding. Returning Sandra&lt;br /&gt;(''Брак по завещанию. Возвращение Сандры'') 
| Vasiliy Serikov
| adventure
| 8 episodes
| Alexandra Kozintseva&lt;br /&gt;alias Sandra Seymour
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2011
| Net sample&lt;br /&gt;(''Чистая проба'')
| Konstantin Statskiy,&lt;br /&gt;Alexey Prazdnikov
| crime melodrama
| 8 episodes
| [[pedology (soil study)|pedologyst]] Julia
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2012
| Swallow's Nest&lt;br /&gt;(''Ласточкино гнездо'')
| Dmitriy Tyurin
| melodrama
| 12 episodes
| Ida
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2012
| Victoria&lt;br /&gt;(''Виктория'')
| Andrey Dzhunkovskiy
| adventure
| 8 episodes
| Victoria
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2012
| Snipers: Love under the gun&lt;br /&gt;(''Снайперы: Любовь под прицелом'')
| Zinoviy Royzman
| war melodrama
| 8 episodes
| sniper Catherine Rodionova
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | since&lt;br /&gt;2012
| I'll leave you to love&lt;br /&gt;(''Я оставляю вам любовь'')
| Yegor Grammatikov
| war
| post-production
| no name
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2013
| Second revolt of Spartacus&lt;br /&gt;(''Второе восстание Спартака'')
| Vasiliy Pitchul
| crime melodrama
| 10 episodes
| Polish resistance fighter Beata
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2013
| Nicht Swallows&lt;br /&gt;(''Ночные ласточки'')
| Michail Kabanov
| war
| 8 episodes
| pilot Eugenia Zvonaryova
|}

==Theater==
* Tricks of the old goat (''Шашни старого козла'') — as Sasha — written by Vitaliy Krym, directed by Olga Shvedova
* Let sleeping dogs lie (''Не будите спящую собаку'') — as Betty Whitehouse — based on [[J. B. Priestley]]'s play [[Dangerous Corner]], directed by Olga Shvedova
* Fairy-Tales Of Old Arbat (''Сказки Старого Арбата'') — as Viktosha — based on the play of the same name by Alexey Arbuzov, directed by Olga Shvedova
* Five Evenings (''Пять вечеров'') — as Katya — written by Alexander Volodin, directed by Olga Anochina
* [[Two for the Seesaw]] (''Двое на качелях'') — as Gitel — based on the play of the same name by [[William Gibson (playwright)|Villiam Gibson]], directed by Alexey Kiryushenko &lt;ref name=&quot;T2nahoup&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://sa-teatr.ru/performances/dvoe_na_ka4elyah/ |title=Play ''Two for the Seesaw'' at ''The Modern Theatre Enterprise'' |date=Nocember 2012 |accessdate=1 July 2023 |language=Russian |work=sa-teatr.ru |archive-date=2013-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919075804/http://sa-teatr.ru/performances/dvoe_na_ka4elyah/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Recognition==
{{Empty section|date=February 2013}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
{{Commons category|Tatiana Albertovna Arntgolts}}
*{{IMDb name|name=Tatyana Arntgolts|id=1708631}}
*{{Ru icon}} [http://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/acter/w/ros/213/bio/ Kino-teatr.ru]
*{{Ru icon}} [http://www.kinopoisk.ru/name/607682/ Kinopoisk.ru]
*{{Ru icon}} [http://ruskino.ru/art/259 Ruskino.ru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924095233/http://ruskino.ru/art/259 |date=2013-09-24 }}
*{{official website|http://tatyana-arntgolts.ru/}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arntgolts, Tatyana}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Kaliningrad]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Roushie film actresses]]
[[Category:Roushie televeesion actresses]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pontypridd</title>
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{{infobox UK place
|coordinates = {{coord|51.602|-3.342|display=inline,title}}
|static_image_name=        Pontypridd New Bridge.jpg
|static_image_caption=     Pontypridd
|country =                 Wales
|welsh_name=
|constituency_welsh_assembly=[[Pontypridd (Naitional Assembly for Wales constituency)|Pontypridd]],&lt;br /&gt;[[South Wales Central (Naitional Assembly for Wales electoral region)|South Wales Central Electoral Region]]
|map_type=
|official_name=            Pontypridd
|population=               29,781
|unitary_wales=            [[Rhondda Cynon Taf]]
|lieutenancy_wales=        [[Mid Glamorgan]]
|constituency_westminster= [[Pontypridd (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pontypridd]]
|post_town=                PONTYPRIDD
|postcode_district =       CF37
|postcode_area=            CF
|dial_code=                01443
|os_grid_reference=        ST075895
}}
'''Pontypridd''' {{IPAc-en|p|ɒ|n|t|ə|ˈ|p|r|iː|ð}} is baith a commonty an a [[coonty toun|principal toun]] o [[Rhondda Cynon Taf]], [[Wales]] an is situatit 12 mile/19&amp;nbsp;km north o the Welsh caipital ceety o [[Cardiff]]. Pontypridd is aften abbreviatit &quot;Ponty&quot; bi local residents.

==Geografie==
Pontypridd comprises the electoral wairds o [[Cilfynydd]], [[Glyncoch]], [[Graig Pontypridd|Graig]], Graigwen, [[Hawthorn, Glamorgan|Hawthorn]], Pontypridd Town, 'Rhondda', Rhydyfelin Central/Ilan ([[Rhydyfelin|Rhydfelen]]), Trallwng ([[Trallwn Pontypridd|Trallwn]]) an [[Treforest]] (Trefforest).

The toun sits at the junction o the [[Rhondda]] an [[River Taff|Taff]] / [[Cynon Valley|Cynon]] glens, whaur the [[River Rhondda]] flows intae the Taff immediately sooth o the toun at Ynysangharad War Memorial Park.&lt;ref&gt;''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales''. [[John Davies (historian)|John Davies]], [[Nigel Jenkins]], Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) pg692 ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6&lt;/ref&gt; Pontypridd commonty haed a population o 29,781 accordin tae [[census]] figurs gathered in 2001.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_ua_ew_part1.pdf ] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722233432/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_ua_ew_part1.pdf |date=2004-07-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; while Pontypridd toun itsel wis recordit as haein a population o 2,919 an aw as o 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&amp;b=5939138&amp;c=Pontypridd&amp;d=14&amp;e=16&amp;g=419433&amp;i=1001x1003x1004&amp;m=0&amp;r=1&amp;s=1214338952796&amp;enc=1 |title=Office of National Statistics |access-date=2013-10-25 |archive-date=2013-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005042549/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&amp;b=5939138&amp;c=Pontypridd&amp;d=14&amp;e=16&amp;g=419433&amp;i=1001x1003x1004&amp;m=0&amp;r=1&amp;s=1214338952796&amp;enc=1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The toun lees alangside the dual carriagewey north-sooth [[A470 road|A470]], atween Cairdiff an Merthyr Tydfil. The A4054, runnin north an sooth o the toun, wis the umwhile main road, an lik the A470, follaes the [[River Taff|Taff Valley]]. Sooth o the toun is the A473, for [[Llantrisant]] an [[Pencoed]]. Tae the wast is the A4058, which follaes the River Rhondda tae [[Porth]] an the [[Rhondda]] ayont.

==History==
The name ''Pontypridd'' is frae &quot;Pont-y-tŷ-pridd&quot; the [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] for &quot;brig bi the yirden hoose&quot;, a reference tae a succession o firthen brigs that umwhile spanned the [[River Taff]] at this pynt.

===Old Bridge===
Pontypridd is notit for its [[Old Bridge, Pontypridd|Old Bridge]], a stane construction athort the [[River Taff]] biggit in 1756 bi [[William Edwards (airchitect)|William Edwards]]. This wis Edward's third attempt an at the time o construction wis the langest single-span stane [[airch brig]] in the warld. Risin {{convert|35|ft}} abuin the level o the river, the brig forms a perfect segment o a circle, the [[chord (geometry)|chord]] o which is {{convert|140|ft}}. Notable featurs are the three holes o differin diameters throu each end o the brig, the purpose o which is tae reduce wicht. On completion, questions wur suin raised as tae the utility o the brig, the steepness o the design makkin it difficult tae get horse an cairts athort. As a result a new brig, the Victoria Bridge paid for bi public subscription, wis biggit adjacent tae the ald ane in 1857.  Pontypridd wis kent as Newbridge frae shortly efter the construction o the Old Bridge till the 1860s.

[[File:Pontypridd New Bridge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Old Bridge, Pontypridd|Old Bridge]], datin frae 1756]]

===Coal===
The history o Pontypridd is closely tee'd tae the [[coal]] an [[airn]] industries, prior tae the developments o thir Pontypridd wis lairgely a landwart [[wikt:backwater|backwater]] comprisin a few fermsteids, wi [[Treforest]] initially becomin the main urban dounset in the aurie.  Sited as it is at the junction o the three glens, it became an important location for the transportation o coal frae the Rhondda an airn frae [[Merthyr Tydfil]], first via the [[Glamorganshire Canal]] an later via the [[Taff Vale Railway]], tae the ports at [[Cairdiff]], [[Barry, Vale o Glamorgan|Barry]] an tae [[Newport]].  Acause o its role in transportin coal cargo, its railwey platform is thocht tae hae ance been the langest in the warld durin its heyday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pontytown.co.uk/ |title=Pontypridd Town Website |access-date=2013-10-25 |archive-date=2013-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817174632/http://www.pontytown.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Pontypridd wis in the seicont hauf o the 19t century a hive o industrie, an wis ance elk-namit the ‘[[Wild West]]’.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=http://www.pontytown.co.uk |url=http://www.pontytown.co.uk/history.html |title=Official Pontypridd Town web site &amp; mesage board |publisher=Pontytown.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-05-23 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518213712/http://www.pontytown.co.uk/history.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Thare wur several collieries athin the Pontypridd aurie itsel, includin:

[[File:Pontypridd Railway Station 1910s.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pontypridd durin an early 1910s coal strike]]

* [[Albion Colliery|Albion Colliery, Cilfynydd]]
* Bodwenarth Colliery, Pontsionnorton
* Daren Ddu Colliery, Graigwen &amp; Glyncoch
* Dynea Colliery Rhydyfelen
* Gelli-whion Colliery, Graig
* Great Western/Gyfeillion Colliery, Hopkinstown
* Lan Colliery, Hopkinstown
* Newbridge Colliery, Graig
* Pen-y-rhiw Colliery, Graig
* Pontypridd/Maritime Collieries, Graig &amp; Maesycoed
* Pwllgwaun Colliery/'Dan's Muck Hole', Pwllgwaun
* Red Ash Colliery, Cilfynydd
* Ty-Mawr Colliery, Hopkinstown &amp; Pantygraigwen
* Typica Colliery, Hopkinstown &amp; Pantygraigwen and
* Victoria Colliery, Maesycoed

As well as the deep mined collieries thare wur mony coal levels an trial shafts dug intae the hill sides owerleukin the toun frae Cilfynydd, Graig, Graigwen an [[Trehafod|Hafod]]. The Albion Colliery in the veelage o Cilfynydd in 1894 wis the steid o ane o the wirst explosions athin the Sooth Wales coalfield, wi the daith o 290 colliers (see [[Keir Hardie]]).

===Airn an Steel===
Ither instrumental industries in Pontypridd wur the - [[Brown Lenox &amp; Co Ltd|Brown Lenox]]/Newbridge Chain &amp; Anchor Works sooth east o the toun, an [[Crawshay]]’s Forest Iron, Steel &amp; Tin Plate Works an the Taff Vale Iron Works, baith in Treforest near the nou [[Varsity o Sooth Wales]].

===Biggins===
The toun is hame tae a lairge hospital, [[Dewi Sant Hospital]].

==Pontypridd commonty==
[[File:Cilfynydd Commercial Hotel.jpg|250px|right|thumb|The Cilfynydd Commercial Hotel in [[Cilfynydd]].]]
[[File:St David's Church, Hopkinstown.jpg|250px|right|thumb|St. David's Church in [[Hopkinstown]].]]

Pontypridd commonty is made up o the toun o Pontypridd an its immediate suburbs, dounsets an veelages.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Suburb/Dounset/Veelage
|-
| [[Cilfynydd]]
|-
| [[Coedpenmaen|Coedpenmaen (Coed-Pen-Maen)]]
The common
|-
| [[Glyntaff|Glyntaff (Glyn-Taff)]]
|-
| [[Glyncoch]]
|-
| [[Graig Pontypridd|Graig &amp; Pen-y-Rhiw]]
|-
| [[Graigwen|Graigwen &amp; Pantygraigwen]]
|-
| [[Hawthorn, Glamorgan|Hawthorn (Y Ddraenen-Wen)]]
|-
| [[Hopkinstown|Hopkinstown (Trehopcyn)]]
|-
| [[Maesycoed|Maesycoed (Maes-y-Coed)]]
|-
| [[Pontsionnorton|Pontsionnorton (Pont Sion Norton)]]
|-
| [[Coedpenmaen|Pontypridd Common &amp; Pentrebach]]
|-
| [[Pwllgwaun]]
|-
| [[Rhydyfelin|Rhydyfelin (Rhydfelen) &amp; Ilan]]
|-
| [[Trallwn Pontypridd|Trallwn (Trallwng)]]
|-
| [[Treforest|Treforest (Trefforest)]]
|-
| [[Trehafod|Trehafod, East]]
|-
| [[Upper Boat|Upper Boat (Glan-Bad)]]
|}

==Transport links==
Pontypridd came intae bein acause o transport, as it wis on the [[Drovin|drovers]] route frae the sooth Wales coast an the [[Bristol Channel]], tae Merthyr an onwairds intae the hills o [[Brecon]]. Awtho initial expansion in the glens occurred at Treforest due tae the slower speed o the River Taff at that pynt, the establishment o better brig biggin meant a naitural flow o pouer tae Pontypridd.

===Railwey===
{{main|Pontypridd railwey station}}
[[Image:Pontypridd railway station.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Railwey station]]
The establishment o Pontypridd ower Treforest wis feenally confirmed wi the biggin o the [[Glamorganshire Canal]] tae serve the coal mines o the Rhondda glen. Housomeivver, the volumes o coal extraction suin brocht aboot the construction o the [[Taff Vale Railway]], which, at its peak, resultit in twa trains cawin at [[Pontypridd railwey station]] ivery minute. The station is a lang single island, at ane pynt the warld's langest platform, a reflection o baith the narrae available geografie o the steep glen side, as well as the need tae accommodate mony convergin railweys lines on wha became the nineteent-century hub o the glens.
Due tae the restrictive geografie, anerly parcels an mail wur handled at Pontypridd, while hivy fricht wis handled at {{Stnlnk|Treforest}}. The station the day, as operatit bi [[Arriva Trains Wales]], reflects the reducit coal minin activity, wi ane up an ane doun platform, an anerly ane passin loop.

===Trams/Trolleybuses/Buses===
A [[tram]] service began on 6 Mairch 1905, runnin frae [[Cilfynydd]], throu Pontypridd, tae Treforest. It wis replacit on 18 September 1930 bi [[trolleybuses]], which on 31 Januar 1957 wur replacit bi [[bus]]es which replicatit a amaist exact route.  The day, bus services are principally providit bi [[Veolia Transport Cymru]] (on the local toun services an langer distance routes tae [[Cairdiff]], [[Beddau]] an [[Talbot Green]]) an [[Stagecoach South Wales]] (on lang distance routes tae [[Cairdiff]], [[Rhondda]], [[Cynon Valley]], [[Merthyr Tydfil]], [[Caerphilly]] etc.).

==Eddication==
[[image: Glamorgan Business School.jpg|thumb|right|Glamorgan Business Schuil (varsity)]]
* Pontypridd Coonty Intermediate an Technical Schuil wis biggit in 1895, later becomin Pontypridd Coonty Grammar School for Boys on ''Tyfica Road''. It later became the Coedylan Comprehensive School, an is nou the [[Pontypridd High School]] in [[Cilfynydd]] on the wast side o the [[A4054 road|A4054]].
* [[Hawthorn High School (Pontypridd)|Hawthorn High School]] is near the [[A4054 road|A4054]] in [[Hawthorn, Rhondda Cynon Taf|Hawthorn]] (sooth-east o the toun)
* Pontypridd Grammar School for Girls wis on ''The Common'' in [[Glyntaff]].
* [[Bryn Celynnog Comprehensive School]] is on ''Penycoedcae Road'' in [[Beddau]]
* [[Cardinal Newman RC School]] is on ''Dynea Road'' in [[Rhydyfelin]]
* [[Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg]] is on the A473 in [[Church Village]] (sooth o the toun)
* The [[University o South Wales]] is in [[Treforest]] (sooth o the toun), next tae the [[A473 road|A473]]

==Enterteenment an social history==

===Sport &amp; Recreation===
[[File:Paddling pool, Ynysangharad Park, Pontypridd.jpg|thumb|The paddling puil earmarkit for remuival in Ynysangharad Park]]
[[File:PitchAndPuttGolfPontypriddPark.jpg|thumb|The pitch an putt gowf course in Ynysangharad Park]]
[[File:BandstandPontypriddPark.jpg|thumb|The bandstand in Ynysangharad Park]]
* Ynysangharad War Memorial Park wis opened bi [[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscoont Allenby|Field Mairshal Viscoont Allenby]] on 6 August 1923. It featurs a [[bandstand]], [[pitch-an-putt]] gowf course, a paddlin puil, [[tennis]] courts, [[lawn bowls]] greens, a [[fitbaa pitch]], a [[cricket pitch]], an memorials tae the war deid o Pontypridd an tae the componers o the Welsh naitional anthem. It haes hostit festivals an muisic concerts, includin the annual Ponty's Big Weekend festival.
* Pontypridd is hame tae [[Pontypridd RFC|Pontypridd Rugby Football Club]], ane o Wales' maist notable [[rugby union]] clubs, wi a successfu junior rugby an Age-grade sections that frequently contributes players tae [[Wales naitional rugby union team|the naitional team]]. Formed in 1876,&lt;ref&gt;''Fields of Praise, The Official History of the Welsh Rugby Union 1881-1981'' pp26, David Smith, Gareth Williams (1980)&lt;/ref&gt; Pontypridd RFC play in the [[Welsh Premier Division|Principality Premiership]], [[WRU Challenge Cup|SWALEC Cup]] an the [[British and Irish Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ponty.net/british-and-irish-cup-draw-announced |title=British and Irish Cup draw announced &amp;#124; Club News &amp;#124; News &amp; Views |publisher=Ponty.net |date=2013-05-13 |accessdate=2013-05-23 |archive-date=2012-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304223329/http://www.ponty.net/british-and-irish-cup-draw-announced |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Pontypridd RFC play thair hame gemmes at [[Sardis Road]], wi thair junior section playin at [[Taff Vale Park]] an Pontypridd High School Fields, Cilfynydd.
* [[Pontypridd Town A.F.C.]] is a Welsh [[fitbaa]] club which haes achievit some success in the Welsh fitbaa league.
* [[Motorcycle speedwey|Speedwey]] racin wis stagit at [[Taff Vale Park]] in the toun's Broadway aurie in 1929/1930.
* Pontypridd Bowls Club play in the tap diveesion in the Cynon Valley, Mid Glamorgan an the Cardiff League haein been promotit in aw 3 diveesions follaein the 2009 saison. Thay play thair hame gemes at Ynysanghard Pairk.

===Media===
* Pontypridd haes its vera awn commonty radio station GTFM, which is in pairtnership wi the Varsity o Sooth Wales. It haes local news, information an muisic frae the last fower decades, an is run bi a voluntar management committee.
* The ''Pontypridd and Llantrisant Observer''[http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/2000localinfo/pontypriddobserver/] is the local newspaper for the toun.

===Cultur===
[[File:JamesJamesEvanJamesMemorialPontypriddPark.jpg|thumb|left|A memorial in Ynysangharad Park tae Evan James an James James, componers o the Welsh naitional anthem]]
* The Welsh [[naitional anthem]] ‘[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]’ ([[Laund o ma Faithers]]) wis componit in Pontypridd bi local poets/muisickers [[Evan James (poet)|Evan James]] an [[James James]]. 
* Pontypridd wis hame tae the eccentric [[William Price (doctor)|Dr. William Price]] who performed the first modren cremation.
* Pontypridd hostit the [[National Eisteddfod]] in 1893.
* [[Tom Jones (sangster)|Tom Jones]], born on 7 Juin 1940 at 57, Kingsland Terrace, Treforest an the Warld-famous son o Pontypridd frequently references his hametoun in interviews.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tomjones.com/news/index.aspx?newsid=32 ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113032502/http://www.tomjones.com/news/index.aspx?newsid=32 |date=2006-11-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/4588611.stm | work=BBC News | title=Home town welcomes back Tom Jones | date=28 May 2005 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A 65th birthday concert wis held at the toun's Ynysangharad Park at which he headlined.
* Pontypridd wis hame tae umwhile [[rock muisic|rock]] baund, [[Lostprophets]].

===Cultural references===
* The name o the feectional toun o Pontypandy, in which childer's televeesion programme [[Fireman Sam]] is situatit, is a [[portmanteau]] o Pontypridd an [[Tonypandy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/themes/children/fireman_sam.shtml |title=Wales - Arts - Children - Fireman Sam |publisher=BBC |date=2009-02-11 |accessdate=2013-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Welsh TV shaw ''Belonging'' wis shot in Pontypridd
* The [[BBC]] hit sci-fi shows [[Doctor Who]] an [[Torchwood]] hae filmit at various location aroond Pontypridd an nearbi, such as at the Market Tavern pub in Market Street an the Lido in Ynysangharad Park.  Ither locations include at - Treforest, Hawthorn, Graigwen, Upper Boat, Trallwng, [[Ynysybwl]] an ithers.

===Twinnin===
'''Pontypridd is twinned wi [[Nürtingen]], [[Esslingen (destrict)|Esslingen]], sooth Germany'''

Initial contact atween the twa commonties occurred in 1965 wi a veesit bi [[Côr Meibion Pontypridd]] Welsh male vyce [[Choir]] tae veesit a choir cried &quot;Liederkranz&quot; based in the Oberensingen aurie o Nürtingen. The Liederkranz returned the veesit tae Pontypridd ane year later. On the occasion o the next veesit o Côr Meibion tae Nürtingen the pairtnership atween the twa commonties wis formally established - on 26 Julie 1968. Syne then reciprocal visits atween the twa choirs haes taken place on a regular basis.  It wis as a result o this successfu pairtnership that Pontypridd Urban Destrict Council decidit tae hae a formal Twinning link at a ceevic level an tae join in pairtnership wi Nürtingen. In Julie 1968 a greement wis signed bi John Cheesman [[Juistice o the peace|J.P.]], [[mayor]] o Pontypridd an Karl Gonser mayor o Nürtingen. This resultit in the first twinnin link in [[Rhondda Cynon Taf]] an the langest established twinnin links wi Nürtingen.&lt;ref&gt;The History of Twinning in Rhondda Cynon Taf [http://www.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk/EN/LeisureLibrariesCulture/TourismandTravel/Towntwinning/HistoryOfTownTwinning.aspx RCT Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831103311/http://www.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk/EN/LeisureLibrariesCulture/TourismandTravel/Towntwinning/HistoryOfTownTwinning.aspx |date=2012-08-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Pontypridd is twinned wi [[Mbale]], [[Uganda]] an aw'''

Pontypridd toun cooncil held a offeecial twinnin ceremony in 2005, tae consolidate links wi Mbale, Uganda, awready established bi local kirks an healcare wirkers, unner the auspices o charity PONT, the Partnerships Overseas Networking Trust.&lt;ref&gt;Are Pontypridd and Rhondda Cynon Taf really twinned with places in Uganda?, [http://pont-mbale.org.uk/main/en/faqs/214-faq6 PONT FAQS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402021356/http://pont-mbale.org.uk/main/en/faqs/214-faq6 |date=2012-04-02 }} and [http://pont-mbale.org.uk/main/en/overview/background PONT Background] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501230356/http://pont-mbale.org.uk/main/en/overview/background |date=2012-05-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notable fowk==
:''See [[:Category:Fowk frae Pontypridd]]''

==Bibliografie==
* {{cite book |last=Tobin |first=Patrick F. |title=The Bridge and the Song, Some chapters in the story of Pontypridd|year=1991 |publisher=Mid Glamorgan County Libraries |location=Bridgend |isbn=1-872430-05-8}}

==See an aw==
* [[Pontypridd (UK Pairlament constituency)]]
* [[Pontypridd (Assembly constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://www.pontypriddtowncouncil.org.uk/ Pontypridd Toun Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421211655/http://www.pontypriddtowncouncil.org.uk/ |date=2018-04-21 }}: offeecial wabsteid o Pontypridd Town Council
* [http://www.ponty.net/ Ponty.net]: Pontypridd Rugby Football Club's offeecial wabsteid
* [http://www.malechoir.com/ Pontypridd Male Voice Choir]: Côr Meibion Pontypridd
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?ils:1:./temp/~pp_7SHH::displayType=1:m856sd=ggbain:m856sf=10365:@@@il British strike - extra fodder for pit ponies, Pontypridd] Photo frae the Library o Congress's George Grantham Bain Collection
* [http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/item1/11366 Aerial photograph o Pontypridd]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taff.gov.uk/heritagetrail/big_anthem_fawr/ponty_history.htm The history of Pontypridd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718143324/http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taff.gov.uk/heritagetrail/big_anthem_fawr/ponty_history.htm |date=2011-07-18 }}
* [http://www.old-bus-photos.co.uk/?p=6970/ Pontypridd Trolleybus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017095938/http://www.old-bus-photos.co.uk/?p=6970/ |date=2015-10-17 }} Pontypridd trolleybus durin Warld War II
{{Commons category}}

&lt;!-- {{coord|51.59672|N|3.33682|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(ST075895)|display=title}}--&gt;&lt;!-- Note: WGS84 lat/long, converted from OSGB36 grid ref --&gt;

{{Rhondda Cynon Taf}}

[[Category:Pontypridd| ]]
[[Category:Touns in Rhondda Cynon Taf]]
[[Category:Post touns in the CF postcode aurie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maasdam</title>
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      <text bytes="1063" sha1="luu5yop7mgsqyp6xk0n90lc6jecdnk5" xml:space="preserve">{{otheruses}}

'''Maasdam''' is a veelage in the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] province o [[Sooth Holland]]. It is locatit aboot 14&amp;nbsp;km sooth o the ceety o [[Rotterdam]], in the municipality o [[Binnenmaas]].

Maasdam wis a separate municipality till 1984, when it became pairt o Binnenmaas.&lt;ref&gt;Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, &quot;Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten&quot;, KNAW, 2006. [http://www.knaw.nl/cfdata/publicaties/detail.cfm?boeken__ordernr=20061061] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208122350/http://www.knaw.nl/cfdata/publicaties/detail.cfm?boeken__ordernr=20061061 |date=2009-12-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://www.atlas1868.nl/zh/maasdam.html Map of the former municipality in 1868] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212307/http://www.atlas1868.nl/zh/maasdam.html |date=2016-03-03 }}

{{coord|51|47|N|4|33|E|display=title|region:NL_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

{{commonscat}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Sooth Holland]]
[[Category:Umwhile municipalities o Sooth Holland]]</text>
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    <title>SpongeBob SquarePants</title>
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      <text bytes="10727" sha1="0zm7g6vvbzf3fk1r17kyztjy54sw6n2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion
| show_name            = SpongeBob SquarePants
| image                = SBSP logo.png
| image_size           = 250
| genre                =
{{Plainlist|
* Comedy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Slapstick
*Surreal humor}}
| runtime              = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)&lt;br /&gt;22 minutes (special episodes anly)
| creautor              = [[Stephen Hillenburg]]
| developer            =
{{Plainlist|
* [[Derek Drymon]]
* [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]]
* [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]]
}}
| creative_director    =
{{Plainlist|
* Derek Drymon &lt;small&gt;(1999–2004)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vincent Waller]] &lt;small&gt;(2005–15)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| opentheme            = &quot;''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme&quot;, performed by [[Patrick Pinney]]
| endtheme             = &quot;SpongeBob Closing Theme&quot;, written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr
| theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon&lt;br /&gt;Mark Harrison&lt;br /&gt;Stephen Hillenburg&lt;br /&gt;Blaise Smith
| composer             =  Steve Belfer&lt;br /&gt;Nicolas Carr&lt;br /&gt;Sage Guyton&lt;br /&gt;Jeremy Wakefield&lt;br /&gt;Brad Carow &lt;small&gt;(1999–2002)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[The Blue Hawaiians]] &lt;small&gt;(1999–2002)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eban Schletter &lt;small&gt;(2000–present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Barry Anthony &lt;small&gt;(2006–15)&lt;/small&gt;
| vyces               =
{{Plainlist|
* [[Tom Kenny]]
* [[Bill Fagerbakke]]
* [[Rodger Bumpass]]
* [[Clancy Brown]]
* [[Mr. Lawrence]]
* [[Carolyn Lawrence]]
* ([[List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members|Complete list]])
}}
| kintra              = United States
| leid             = Inglis
| network              = [[Nickelodeon]]
| picture_format       =
{{Plainlist|
* [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) &lt;small&gt;(1999–2012)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) &lt;small&gt;(2009, 2012–present)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| audio_format         =
{{Plainlist|
* Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) &lt;small&gt;(1999–2012)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) &lt;small&gt;(2009, 2012–present)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| first_aired          = {{Start date|1999|05|01}}
| last_aired           = {{End date|present}}
| num_seasons          = 13 &lt;!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--&gt;
| num_episodes         = &lt;onlyinclude&gt;278&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
| executive_producer   =
{{Plainlist|
* Stephen Hillenburg 
* [[Paul Tibbitt]] &lt;small&gt;(2008–17)&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Co-Executive Producers:'''&lt;/small&gt;
* Paul Tibbitt &lt;small&gt;(2006–08)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| producer =
{{Plainlist|
* Donna Castricone &lt;small&gt;(1999–2002)&lt;/small&gt;
* Helen Kafatic &lt;small&gt;(2002–04)&lt;/small&gt;
* Anne Michaud &lt;small&gt;(2001)&lt;/small&gt;
* Dina Buteyn &lt;small&gt;(2005–10)&lt;/small&gt;
* Jennie Monica Hammond &lt;small&gt;(2010–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;'''Supervising Producers:'''&lt;/small&gt;
* Derek Drymon &lt;small&gt;(2002–04)&lt;/small&gt;
* Paul Tibbitt &lt;small&gt;(2005–15)&lt;/small&gt;
* Marc Ceccarelli &lt;small&gt;(2015–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* Vincent Waller &lt;small&gt;(2015–present)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| list_episodes        = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
| company              =
{{Plainlist|
* [[United Plankton Pictures]]
* [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]]
* Rough Draft Korea (animation service)
}}
| distributor          = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)&lt;br /&gt;[[Paramount Television]]
| relatit              = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''
| website              = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants
}}
'''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series follaes the anters an ettlins o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various freends in the fictional unnerwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it a [[media franchise]], as weel as the heichest ratit series tae iver air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distribute aucht o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].&lt;!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--&gt; As o 2024, the media franchise haes generate $13 billion in merchandisin revenues for Nickelodeon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mony o the idaias for the series cam frae an onpublished eddicational comic book cried ''The Intertidal Zone'', the whilk Hillenburg create in 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He stertit developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 apo the cancellation o ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny|Tam Kenny]], wha haed wirked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreiginally gang tae be cried ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'',&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Farhat|first=Basima (Interviewer)|date=December 5, 2006|title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants – Interview|url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3|archive-date=2011-07-24|website=The People Speak Radio|access-date=2017-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Banks|first=Steven|title=SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants|publisher=Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon|year=2004|isbn=978-0-689-86870-2|pages=31}}&lt;/ref&gt; but thir war baith chyngit, sin the name wis trademerkit aareddies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Heintjes|first=Tom|date=September 21, 2012|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|archive-date=2015-08-31|access-date=2021-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the Unitit States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airin o the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards|1999 ''Kids' Choice Awards'']].{{citation needed}} The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes gotten warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained ondeemous popularity bi its saicont saison. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in cinemas on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series stertit airin its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth saison]], stertin wi the episode &quot;Whirly Brains&quot;. In Mey 2017, the programme wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t saison.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=|title=‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ Season 12 Set For 2019 On Nickelodeon|work=[[Deadline]]|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-season-12-nickelodeon-1202100543/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The series haes wun a variety o awairds, amang thaim sax [[Annie Award|''Annie Award'']]s,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=40th Annual Annie Awards Winners|url=http://www.annieawards.org/40thannieawards|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218133344/http://www.annieawards.org/40thannieawards|archive-date=2014-02-18|website=Annie Awards|access-date=2026-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; echt [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|''Golden Reel Awards'']],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees|work=[[Hollywood Reporters]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/golden-reel-nominees-413536/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; twa [[Emmy Award|''Emmy Award'']]s,{{citation needed}} 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|''Kids' Choice Awards'']],{{citation needed}} and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|''BAFTA Children's Awards'']]{{citation needed}}. Maugre its widespreid popularity, the series haes been insnorled in a wheen public controversies: ane o thaim wis centred on speculation ower SpongeBob's ettled sexual orientation,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator|work=[[People]]|url=https://people.com/celebrity/spongebob-asexual-not-gay-creator/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Camp cartoon star 'is not gay'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2313221.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; while anither wis focused on the perceived dwinin quality o the programme's content syne the release o the first film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Viacom should pull the plug on SpongeBob|work=[[MSN]]|url=http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-01-16|archive-date=2012-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505002658/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Let's trace the rise, fall, and much later rebirth of Spongebob Squarepants|work=[[AV Club]]|url=https://www.avclub.com/lets-trace-the-rise-fall-and-much-later-rebirth-of-sp-1822156489|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, a newly descrivit speshie o fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named for the cartoon's title character.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SpongeBob lends name to new mushroom species|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13874049|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}}

[[Category:1990s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]]
[[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]]
[[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:American animatit televeesion series]]
[[Category:Childer's televeesion series]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]
[[Category:Nicktoons]]
[[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]]
[[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]]
[[Category:Unnerwatter feection]]</text>
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    <title>Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill</title>
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{{coord|35|54|30|N|79|3|0|W|type:city_region:US|display=title}}
{{Infobox University
|name= Varsity o North Carolina&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;at Chapel Hill&lt;/small&gt;
|image_name = 
|image_size = 200px
|motto = ''Lux libertas''&lt;ref name=&quot;American Higher Education&quot;/&gt;([[Latin]])
|mottoeng = Light and liberty&lt;ref name=&quot;American Higher Education&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Thelin|first=John R.|title=A History of American Higher Education|url=https://books.google.com/?id=y4GXfnoJdFkC&amp;pg=PA41&amp;lpg=PA41&amp;dq=%22lux+libertas%22+%22light+and+liberty%22|publisher=JHU Press|location=Baltimore, MD|year=2004|page=448|isbn=0-8018-7855-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established=December 11, 1789&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Battle|first=Kemp P.|title=History of the University of North Carolina: From its beginning until the death of President Swain, 1789–1868|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zNkhAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Edwards &amp; Broughton Printing Company|location=Raleigh, NC|year=1907|page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|endowment = $2.696 billion (2014)&lt;ref&gt;As o Juin 30, 2014. {{cite web |url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2014_Endowment_Market_Values.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2013 to FY 2014 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year=2015 |access-date=2015-09-21 |archive-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129213112/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2014_Endowment_Market_Values.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|chancellor = [[Carol Folt]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/campus-updates/carol-folt-starts-new-era-as-11th-chancellor/ |title=UNC-CH: Carol Folt starts new era as 11th chancellor |publisher=Unc.edu |date=2013-07-01 |accessdate=2014-07-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|faculty = 3,696 (Faw 2013)&lt;ref name=Employees&gt;{{cite web|url=http://oira.unc.edu/facts-and-figures/faculty-and-staff-data/employees-by-category-fall-2013/|title=Employees by Category, Fall 2013|date=January 10, 2014|publisher=The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Office of Institutional Research and Assessment|access-date=2015-09-21|archive-date=2014-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223164251/http://oira.unc.edu/facts-and-figures/faculty-and-staff-data/employees-by-category-fall-2013/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|staff = 8,287 (Faw 2013)&lt;ref name=Employees/&gt;
|students = 29,135 (Faw 2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;UNC's OIRA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://oira.unc.edu/facts-and-figures/student-data/enrollment-and-student-characteristics/fall-2014-headcount-enrollment/|title=Fall 2014 Headcount Enrollment|date=September 5, 2014|publisher=The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Office of Institutional Research and Assessment|access-date=2015-09-21|archive-date=2015-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321110444/http://oira.unc.edu/facts-and-figures/student-data/enrollment-and-student-characteristics/fall-2014-headcount-enrollment/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|undergrad = 18,350 (Faw 2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;UNC's OIRA&quot;/&gt;
|postgrad = 10,785 (Faw 2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;UNC's OIRA&quot;/&gt;
|city = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]]
|state = [[North Carolina]]
|country = U.S.
|campus = [[College toun|Varsity toun]]&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|729|acre|km2|1|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/news/facts.shtml|title=Quick Facts|accessdate=April 5, 2008|year=2007|publisher=UNC News Services|archive-date=2004-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040907003759/http://www.unc.edu/news/facts.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|former_names ={{nowrap|North Carolina University}}&lt;br /&gt;(1789–1963)
|colors = [[Carolina Blue]] &amp; white&lt;br /&gt;{{color box|#7BAFD4}}&amp;nbsp;{{color box|white}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://identity.unc.edu/colors/|title=Carolina Blue &amp; Color Guidelines|publisher=|accessdate=June 29, 2015|archive-date=2017-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717155338/http://identity.unc.edu/colors/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|nickname = [[North Carolina Tar Heels|Tar Heels]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ncaaschools&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ncaa.com/schools/team.aspx?id=94704|title=North Carolina|year=2008|work=NCAA Schools|publisher=NCAA.com: The Official Web Site of the NCAA|accessdate=May 21, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228114927/http://www.ncaa.com/schools/team.aspx?id=94704 |archivedate=December 28, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|athletics = [[NCAA Diveesion I]] [[Fitbaa Boul Subdiveesion|FBS]] – [[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|sports = 27 varsity sports&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/search/CollegeDetail.jsp?collegeId=3635&amp;profileId=4|title=Sports|year=2008|work=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|publisher=College Board|accessdate=June 24, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|mascot = [[Rameses (mascot)|Rameses]]
|affiliations = {{unbulleted list|[[Varsity o North Carolina|UNC Seestem]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aau.edu/aau/members.html|title=Member Institutions and Years of Admission|year=2002|publisher=Association of American Universities|accessdate=June 24, 2008|archive-date=2006-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819101707/http://www.aau.edu/aau/members.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;acc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theacc.com/this-is/acc-this-is.html|title=About the ACC|year=2004|publisher=The Atlantic Coast Conference|accessdate=May 20, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=North Carolina General Statues|publisher=North Carolina General Assembly (2007)|location=Raleigh, NC|chapter=§ 116–4. Constituent institutions of the University of North Carolina}}&lt;/ref&gt;|[[Universities Research Association|URA]]|[[Association of American Universities|AAU]]|[[Southeastern Universities Research Association|SURA]]|[[Association of Public and Land-grant Universities|APLU]]}}
|website = {{URL|http://www.unc.edu}}
|logo = 
}}
The '''Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill''', forby kent as '''UNC''', '''UNC-Chapel Hill''', '''Chapel Hill''', '''North Carolina''', Varsity o North Carolina, or simply '''Carolina''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2002/01/unc_leaders_want_abbreviation_change|title=UNC Leaders Want Abbreviation Change|last=Wootson|first=Cleve R., Jr|date=January 8, 2002|location=Chapel Hill, NC|work=[[The Daily Tar Heel]]|accessdate=July 9, 2012|archive-date=2012-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107000747/http://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2002/01/unc_leaders_want_abbreviation_change|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[coeddication]]al [[public varsity|public]] research varsity locatit in Chapel Hill, [[North Carolina]], [[Unitit States]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill|*]]
[[Category:Association of American Universities]]
[[Category:Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Chapel Hill-Carrboro, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 1780s]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges accreditit bi the Soothern Association o Colleges an Schuils]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Varsity o North Carolina]]
[[Category:Veesitor attractions in Orange Coonty, North Carolina]]
[[Category:1789 establishments in North Carolina]]
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    <title>Moodiesburn</title>
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      <text bytes="13210" sha1="j3n2e64sxw53llogl7fyu7m5c8v0bgo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place
|official_name            = Moodiesburn
|country                  = Scotland
|os_grid_reference        = NS6960871434
|coordinates              = {{coord|55.918333|-4.08666|display=inline,title}}
|static_image             = Welcometomoodiesburn.jpg
|static_image_caption     = Ingang tae Moodiesburn via the [[A80 road (Scotland)|A80]].
| population              = 6,614
| population_ref          = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&amp;mainArea=Moodiesburn&amp;mainLevel=Locality|title=scrol.gov.uk|accessdate=2009-12-07|lang=en|archive-date=2012-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307184150/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&amp;mainArea=Moodiesburn&amp;mainLevel=Locality|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]])
 |unitary_scotland        = [[North Lanrikshire]]
|lieutenancy_scotland     = Lanarkshire
|post_town                = GLASGOW
|postcode_area            = G
|postcode_district        = G69
|dial_code                = 01236
|constituency_westminster = [[:en:Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill (UK Parliament constituency)|Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill]]
|constituency_scottish_parliament = [[:en:Coatbridge and Chryston (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Coatbridge and Chryston]]
}}

'''Moodiesburn''' is a residential suburb fund 8 mile north-east o Glesga ceety centre, in the [[North Lanrikshire]] cooncil aurie o [[Scotland]]. It is fund on the [[A80 road (Scotland)|A80 road]], atween [[Stepps]] an [[Cummernaud]].

==History==
The origins o the name aiblins came fae the common Scots surrname Moody.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Drummond|first1=Peter, John|title=An analysis of toponyms and toponymic  patterns in eight parishes of the upper Kelvin basin|date=2014|publisher=Glasgow University|location=Glasgow|page=172|url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5270/1/2014DrummondPhD.pdf#page=173|accessdate=3 July 2017|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twa Three auld documents shaw Moodiesburn wi sindry spellins includin maps bi Richardson, Forrest&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Old County Maps|url=http://maps.nls.uk/geo/find/#zoom=15&amp;lat=55.9131&amp;lon=-4.0909&amp;layers=20&amp;b=5&amp;point=55.9116,-4.1469|website=NLS|accessdate=27 January 2018|lang=en|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924044258/https://maps.nls.uk/geo/find/#zoom=15&amp;lat=55.9131&amp;lon=-4.0909&amp;layers=20&amp;b=5&amp;point=55.9116,-4.1469|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, an [[William Roy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Roy's map of the Lowlands|url=http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=15&amp;lat=55.9124&amp;lon=-4.0843&amp;layers=4&amp;b=3|website=NLS|accessdate=27 January 2018|archive-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130162106/http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=15&amp;lat=55.9124&amp;lon=-4.0843&amp;layers=4&amp;b=3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moodiesburn (or Mudiesburn) wus umwhile pairt o the parish o [[Cadder]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=John Marius|title=The gazetteer of Scotland|date=1882|publisher=W. &amp; A.K. Johnston|location=Edinburgh|page=65|url=https://archive.org/stream/gazetteerofscotl00wilsuoft#page/64/mode/2up/search/moodiesburn|accessdate=27 February 2018|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The New Statistical Accounts recordit 30 faimilies an 143 people in 1836.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Society for the Benefit of the Sons and Daughters of the Clergy|title=The new statistical account of Scotland|date=1845|publisher=W. Blackwood and Sons|location=Edinburgh and London|page=408|url=https://archive.org/stream/newstatisticalac06edinuoft#page/408/mode/2up/search/mudiesburn|accessdate=31 December 2017|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1846 thare war reportit tae be 35 hooses wi 220 people bidin ben thaim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Samuel|title=A topographical dictionary of Scotland ...|date=1846|publisher=S. Lewis and Co.|location=London|page=277|url=https://archive.org/stream/topographicaldv200lewi#page/276/mode/2up|accessdate=28 February 2018|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taewards the end o the 19t yearhunner, the population fell tae as law as 150.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Moodiesburn and Bridgend|url=http://www.monklands.co.uk/moodiesburn/index.htm|website=Monklands Memories|accessdate=24 February 2018|lang=en|archive-date=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228162457/http://www.monklands.co.uk/moodiesburn/index.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The town wis biggit-up in the 20t yearhunner wi employment in [[coal mining|coal minin]] an aboot [[Psychiatric hospital|psychiatric institution]] [[Stoneyetts Hospital]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Moodiesburn|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst1462.html|website=Gazetteer of Scotland|accessdate=24 February 2018|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1930s,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Kidd|first1=Neil|title=Moodiesburn|url=http://www.chryston.org.uk/story/p10.htm|website=The Story of Chryston|accessdate=24 February 2018|archive-date=2020-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217225516/http://www.chryston.org.uk/story/p10.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; widden hooses war pit thegither on the Gartferry House estate.&lt;ref name=Canmore&gt;{{Canmore |num=45219 |desc=Gartferry House|access-date=2018-02-28|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Auchengeich minin mishanter===
In September 1959, 47 men deed in a coal mine near Moodiesburn whan a fan thit wis purifeein the air in the mine went on fire acause o an electric faut.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Auchengeich Mining Disaster|url=http://www.monklands.co.uk/auchengeich/|website=Monklands Memories|accessdate=24 February 2018|lang=en|archive-date=2019-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323094806/http://www.monklands.co.uk/auchengeich/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The men war bogies traivellin tae the coal face tae stairt wirk, an acause o the odious smeuk, thay war abandont fae sauftie.The mine wis fluidit at the hinder end; thae wis juist the ae survivor. The minin accident wis ane o the warst wi-in the UK in the 201 yearhunner, leain 41 weemin widowed an leain 76 bairns wioot a faither.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.kirkintilloch-herald.co.uk/news/local-headlines/community_pays_tribute_to_auchengeich_mining_disaster_victims_1_358717 |title=Community pays tribute to Auchengeich mining disaster victims - Local Headlines |publisher=Kirkintilloch Herald |date=2007-09-11 |accessdate=2012-01-22 |lang=en |archive-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222182209/http://www.kirkintilloch-herald.co.uk/news/local-headlines/community_pays_tribute_to_auchengeich_mining_disaster_victims_1_358717 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The [[First Meenister o Scotland]] at the time, [[Alex Salmond]], kythed a memorial on 18t September 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishmining.co.uk/250.html|title=Auchengeich 1959 - Scottish Mining Website|author=Scottish Mining Website|work=scottishmining.co.uk|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its centrepiece, a bronze statue o a pickman, wis stolen wi-in weeks but replaced the follaein year efter a fundraisin drive.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Welcome home - iconic miner returned to rightful place at Auchengeich|url=http://www.monklands.co.uk/auchengeich/statuereturn.htm|publisher=Kirkintilloch Herald |date=9 June 2010|via=Monklands Memories|accessdate=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225210019/http://www.monklands.co.uk/auchengeich/statuereturn.htm|archive-date=25 February 2018|url-status=dead|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Norman Buchan]] wrocht a song, &quot;Auchengeich&quot;, anent the mishanter, recordit bi [[Dick Gaughan]] an [[The Easy Club]].

===Eftermath an economic doukin===
Local minin doukit in the years follaein the disaster. Stoneyetts stappit operatin in 1992, follaed bi [[Scottish Power]] an Reekie Plant Hire sites closin in 1996. A 1999 airticle in ''[[The Observer]]'' lamentit Moodiesburn's lack of local employment, as weel as the increasin disaffection fur its younger residenters:

{{quote|&quot;A guid nummer o young faimilies are gey poorer nor wir grandparents. Thay hiv less buyin pouer acause thay bide on benefit [...] Moodiesburn is a quiet island thit's agein inhabitants pass the time bi leukin efter ilka-aither, vísitin, retellin the past. The hings thit made fowk git up in the mornin haes been turnt aff. The young are null. Thay use drugs, spray graffiti. But thay are quiet islanders an aw, bidin invisible-like at hame wi thair desks an keybuirds.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Ascherson|first=Neal|authorlink=Neal Ascherson|date=10 October 1999|title=Take a look. Take a long look|journal=[[The Observer]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|[[Neal Ascherson]]|10 October 1999|pit ower frae Inglis}}

Auchengeich sewage wirks an the Moodiesburn Hoose Hotel – umwhile the Bedlay Dowager Hoose – war closed in 2003 an 2008, respective-like.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.endsreport.com/article/1575173|title=Scottish Water fined again|date=30 September 2003|website=[[The ENDS Report]]|access-date=6 October 2019|quote=Auchengeich sewage treatment works... closed in March.|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cumbernauld-news.co.uk/news/crews-in-9-hour-hotel-fire-battle-1-353081|title=Crews in 9-hour hotel fire battle|date=19 March 2008|website=[[Cumbernauld News &amp; Kilsyth Chronicle|Cumbernauld News]]|access-date=6 October 2019|lang=en|archive-date=2019-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006083241/https://www.cumbernauld-news.co.uk/news/crews-in-9-hour-hotel-fire-battle-1-353081|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twa career options stey in the area: landscapin product supplier Charcon Scotland (pairt o [[Aggregate Industries]]), an [[food processing|food processin]] company [[Devro]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kirkintilloch-herald.co.uk/news/taking-a-look-back-at-moodiesburn-1-357469|title=Taking a look back at Moodiesburn|date=28 March 2006|website=[[Kirkintilloch Herald]]|access-date=6 October 2019|lang=en|archive-date=2019-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006083500/https://www.kirkintilloch-herald.co.uk/news/taking-a-look-back-at-moodiesburn-1-357469|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Laundmerks==
[[File:The Auchengeich Mining Disaster Memorial - geograph.org.uk - 1514078.jpg|thumb|right|The Auchengeich Mining Disaster Memorial&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Welcome home - iconic miner returned to   rightful place at Auchengeich|url=http://www.monklands.co.uk/auchengeich/statuereturn.htm|website=Monklands Memories|accessdate=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225210019/http://www.monklands.co.uk/auchengeich/statuereturn.htm|archive-date=25 February 2018|url-status=dead|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Auchengeich Miners Welfare Social Club (geograph 3800744).jpg|thumb|right|Auchengeich pickmans Welfare Social Club]]
[[File:Auchengeich Memorial - geograph.org.uk - 1514115.jpg|thumb|right|Auchengeich Memorial]]
Bedlay Cemetery is the local cemetery fur Moodiesburn. The nearbi [[Bedlay Castle]] has stuid fae the late 16t yearhunner.&lt;ref&gt;Mason, Gordon ''The Castles of Glasgow and the Clyde'', Goblinshead, 2000 (p.51) {{en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Coventry, Martin ''The Castles of Scotland (3rd Edition)'', Goblinshead, 2001 (p.83) {{en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The toun incluide a communitie centre an librar, a pickman's weelfare club (''the Auchengeich Miners Welfare''; Scots: the Auchengleich Pickmans Weelfare), a multi-denominational schuil (Glenmanor Primary, affiliatit wi [[Cryston Secontary Schuil]]),&lt;ref&gt;[https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/nl/glenmanornews/our-community/ Our Community] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209085121/https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/nl/glenmanornews/our-community/ |date=2024-12-09 }}, Glenmanor Blog {{en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a Church of Scotland parish kirk, a Roman Catholic kirk, an an unthrilt evangelical kirk cawed New Beginnings (Scots: New Stairtins). Thare is the Silver Larch public hoose, a [[Knights of Saint Columba]] social club an a coffee shop cawed The Coffee House an aw.

Awtho the auldest biggins an the oríginal clachan stuid at the Cummernauld Road junction (A80), an Sonteyetts Road, its centre muived aboot 300 yaird (270 m) north durin the mid-20t yearhunner wi the biggin o a smaw biggin-up o timer-panelled hames (Hillhead Avenue etc.), an than raxit across the follaein decades. The communitie's 1950s cooncil hoosin (Bridgeburn Drive, Langdale Road, Genmanor Avenue etc) is kent as &quot;Auld Moodiesburn&quot; - tho a substantious nummer o thae hames a nou awnt private-like. A wheen o hooses wi updatit facílities war biggit in the 1960s, an cried the &quot;electric scheme&quot; bi local fowk. Modren hames hiv been biggit-up in this pairt o Moodiesburn syne, includin bi [[Taylor Woodrow]] (1989), [[Persimmon plc|Persimmon]] (1997) an Lovell (2016). The widdershins north-eastren end by [[Devro]] heid quarters, is maistly private residenters bi [[Christian Salvesen]] (1970), [[Redrow plc|Tay]]/[[George Wimpey|Wimpey]] (1992), [[Bellway]] (1995) an Persimmon (2006 and 2018). [[Miller Homes]] are set tae big on the umwhile [[Stoneyetts Hospital]] site as o 2019.

A wee estate o new cooncil biggins wis pit up in the mids o the Salvesen area in 2013.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Veelages in North Lanrikshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
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Hello!  Ah'm Sara, and ah bide in Glesga.  Ah'm maistly active on en.wiki, Wikimedia Commons &amp; Wikidata. Ah've been a Wikimedian in Residence fer SLIC &amp; MGS, and wirk fer WMUK as Programme Manager. (Ah'm also at [[uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)]].)  Ma Scots isnae that guid, so be kind, eh?


{{en}} Hi, I'm Sara, and I live in Glasgow.  I'm mostly active on en:wiki, wikidata, and occasionally on commons.  I've been a Wikimedian in Residence for SLIC &amp; MGS, and I'm currently a [[uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Programme Manager for Wikimedia UK]].  This is my volunteer account.

== Aurie/Area ==
Been having a chat with some folks about this - made a couple of changes from &quot;Aurie&quot; to &quot;Area&quot; on advice from a few Scots speakers that it was wrong, but have heard a dissenting opinion today so not going to do any more and reverted changes... leaving this here in case anyone comes across it.

== Airticles wantin soorces ==
[[:Category:Aw airticles wantin soorces|Category:Aw airticles wantin soorces]]</text>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="13978" sha1="qma8ago80zyc394wbrbnzu6qok64woh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Sardar (IRGC)|Sardar]]
| name          = Qasem Soleimani
| image         = Qasem Soleimani with Zolfaghar Order.jpg
| image_size    = 
| caption       = Soleimani in his offeecial militar dress wi Order o Zolfaghar in 2019.
| native_name   = قاسم سلیمانی
| native_name_lang = fa
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1957|3|11|df=y}}
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2020|1|3|1957|3|11|df=y}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Four-rockets-land-on-Baghdad-airport-report-612947|title=Qasem Soleimani among those killed in Baghdad Airport attack – report|work=[[Reuters]]|date=3 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place   = [[Qanat-e Malek, Kerman|Qanat-e Malek]], [[Kerman Province|Kerman]], [[Pahlavi dynasty|Imperial State of Iran]]
| death_place   = [[Baghdad]], Iraq
| nickname      = &quot;[[Hajji|Haj]] Qassem&quot; (amang supporters)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.abna24.com/cultural/archive/2015/03/10/675792/story.html|title=Qassem Suleimani not Just a Commander! – Taking a Closer Look at Religious Character of Iranian General|date=10 March 2015|publisher=abna24|accessdate=14 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074253/http://en.abna24.com/cultural/archive/2015/03/10/675792/story.html|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;Kotlet (Cutlet, کتلت)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/c72rrqwn5pxo|title=کتلت؛ غذایی محبوب که به نماد خشم گروهی از معترضان تبدیل شد|date=6 January 2023|publisher=bbc|accessdate=6 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111183009/https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/c72rrqwn5pxo|archive-date=2023-01-11|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/iran/2023/01/06/iran-jails-celebrity-chef-who-posted-cutlets-video-on-suleimani-anniversary/|title=Iran jails celebrity chef who posted cutlets video on Suleimani anniversary|date=6 January 2023|publisher=bbc|accessdate=6 January 2023|url-status=dead|archive-date=2023-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114010725/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/iran/2023/01/06/iran-jails-celebrity-chef-who-posted-cutlets-video-on-suleimani-anniversary/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-protests-arrests-journalist-death-sentence-chef-chicken-cutlets/|title=Iran arrests journalist for interviewing families of the condemned, and a chef, likely over chicken cutlets|date=6 January 2023|publisher=bbc|accessdate=6 January 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&quot;The Shaidae Commander&quot; (in the Wast)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/09/30/the-shadow-commander|title=The Shadow Commander|author=Dexter Filkins|date=30 September 2013|work=The New Yorker|accessdate=31 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/irans-shadow-commander-steps-into-the-limelight/381558/|title=Iran's 'Shadow Commander' Steps Into the Light|author=Joanna Paraszczuk|date=16 October 2014|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074750/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/irans-shadow-commander-steps-into-the-limelight/381558/|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://businessweekme.com/Bloomberg/newsmid/190/newsid/272|title=Iran's Shadow Commander|author=Kambiz Foroohar|accessdate=31 March 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142339/http://businessweekme.com/Bloomberg/newsmid/190/newsid/272|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142339/http://businessweekme.com/Bloomberg/newsmid/190/newsid/272 |date=2015-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.realclearworld.com/2013/09/23/syrias_iranian_shadow_commander_151825.html|title=RealClearWorld - Syria's Iranian Shadow Commander|accessdate=31 March 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085158/http://www.realclearworld.com/2013/09/23/syrias_iranian_shadow_commander_151825.html|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://observers.france24.com/content/20150306-iran-shadow-commander-suleimani-iraq|title=Iran's 'shadow commander' steps into the spotlight|work=The Observers|accessdate=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708062520/http://observers.france24.com/content/20150306-iran-shadow-commander-suleimani-iraq|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708062520/http://observers.france24.com/content/20150306-iran-shadow-commander-suleimani-iraq |date=2015-07-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| allegiance    = {{flag|Iran}}
| branch        = [[Islamic Revolutionary Gaird Corps]]
| serviceyears  = 1979–2020
| rank          = [[Major general]]
| unit          = [[Quds Force]]
| commands      = [[41st Tharallah Diveesion o Kerman]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Quds Force]]
| battles       = {{hidden
|''See battles''
|'''[[1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran|Kurdish Rebellion (1979)]]'''
----
'''[[Iran–Iraq War]]''' (1980–1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;defamoghaddas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/unit/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1-41-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9|publisher=defamoghaddas.ir|title=لشکر 41 ثارالله (ع) &amp;#124; دفاع‌مقدس|accessdate=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209012325/http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/unit/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1-41-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9|archive-date=9 February 2017|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209012325/http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/unit/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1-41-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9 |date=2017-02-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Operation Tariq-ol-Qods]]{{WIA}}&lt;ref name=&quot;yjc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/5411037/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%B4%D8%AF|publisher=yjc.ir|title=عملیاتی که در آن سردار سلیمانی شدیداً مجروح شد|accessdate=22 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Operation Fath-ol-Mobin]]
*[[Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas]]
*[[Operation Ramadan]]
*[[Operation Bazi-Deraz 2]]
*[[Operation Omm-ol-Hasanayn]]
*[[Operation Before the Dawn]]
*[[Operation Dawn (1983)|Operation Dawn]]
*[[Operation Dawn 3]]
*[[Operation Dawn 4]]
*[[Operation Dawn 5]]
*[[Operation Dawn 6]]
*[[Battle o the Mairshes]]
**[[Operation Kheibar]]
*[[Operation Badr (1985)|Operation Badr]]
*[[Operation Meymak]]
*[[First Battle o al-Faw]]
**[[Operation Dawn 8]]
*[[Operation Karbala 1]]
*[[Operation Karbala 4]]
*[[Operation Karbala 5]]
*[[Operation Karbala 6]]
*[[Operation Karbala 10]]
*[[Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas 7]]
*[[Seicont Battle o al-Faw]]
*[[Operation Dawn 10]]
*[[Operation Nasr 4]]
*[[Operation Mersad]]
----
'''[[KDPI insurgency (1989–96)]]'''
----
'''[[Sooth Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)]]'''
----
'''[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Invasion o Afghanistan]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Terra&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://noticias.terra.com.pe/mundo/el-irani-qasem-soleimani-el-hombre-mas-poderoso-en-irak,b6046158a64e8410VgnCLD200000b1bf46d0RCRD.html|title=El iraní Qasem Soleimani, &quot;el hombre más poderoso en Irak&quot;|work=Terra|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=2014-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015185814/http://noticias.terra.com.pe/mundo/el-irani-qasem-soleimani-el-hombre-mas-poderoso-en-irak,b6046158a64e8410VgnCLD200000b1bf46d0RCRD.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source|date=March 2019}}
----
'''[[2006 Lebanon War]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1929396/soleimani-reveals-details-role-he-played-2006-israel-hezbollah-war soleimani reveals details role he played 2006 israel hezbollah war] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024095407/https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1929396/soleimani-reveals-details-role-he-played-2006-israel-hezbollah-war |date=2019-10-24 }} aawsat.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/shadowy-iran-commander-qassem-soleimani-gives-rare-interview-on-2006-israel-hezbollah-war-1.918001 Shadowy Iran commander Qassem Soleimani gives rare interview on 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war] thenational.ae&lt;/ref&gt;
----
'''[[Iraq War]]'''
*[[Karbala provincial heidquarters raid]]
----
'''[[Iran–Israel proxy conflict]]'''
*[[Gaza–Israel conflict]]
----
'''[[Sirie Civil War]]'''
*[[Al-Qusayr Battle (2013)]]
*[[2015 Soothren Sirie offensive|Soothren Sirie offensive (2015)]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/main/37-videos/1848-pictures-reportedly-place-iranian-general-in-daraa|title=Pictures reportedly place Iranian general in Daraa|publisher=|accessdate=31 March 2015|archive-date=2015-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212152912/http://syriadirect.org/main/37-videos/1848-pictures-reportedly-place-iranian-general-in-daraa|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/irans-revolutionary-guards-executes-12-assads-forces-elements/|title=Iran's Revolutionary Guards executes 12 Assad's forces elements|publisher=Iraqi News|accessdate=31 March 2015|archive-date=2015-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329043528/http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/irans-revolutionary-guards-executes-12-assads-forces-elements|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Battle o Zabadani (2015)]]
*[[Northwastren Sirie offensive (October 2015)|Northwastren Sirie offensive (2015)]]
*[[2015–16 Latakia offensive]]
*[[Kuweires offensive (September–November 2015)|Kuweires offensive (2015)]]
*[[Battle o Aleppo (2012–2016)]]
**[[Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)|Soothren Aleppo offensive (2015)]]
**[[2015 Roushie Sukhoi Su-24 shuitdoun#Sairch an rescue|Special forces operation tae rescue Roushie pilot]]
**[[East Aleppo offensive (2015–16)]]
**[[Northren Aleppo offensive (2016)]]
**[[2016 Aleppo campaign|Encirclement of Aleppo]]
**[[Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/naher-osten/die-lage-in-aleppo-wird-immer-unuebersichtlicher-die-grossmaechte-koennen-sich-ueber-ihr-vorgehen-nicht-einigen-14481506.html|title=Die Völkerschlacht von Aleppo|last=Hermann|first=Rainer|work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |language=German|date=15 October 2016|accessdate=15 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Hama offensive (Mairch–Apryle 2017)]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hama&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/04/qassem-soleimani-reportedly-spotted-in-syrias-hama-province.php |title=Qassem Soleimani reportedly spotted in Syria's Hama province|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=2 April 2017|accessdate=3 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Sirie Desert campaign (Mey–Julie 2017)]]
*[[Eastren Sirie campaign (September 2017–present)]]
*[[2017 Abu Kamal offensive]]
----
'''[[Iraqi Ceevil War (2014–2017)]]'''
*[[Siege o Amirli]]
*[[Leeberation o Jurf Al Sakhar]]
*[[Battle o Baiji (2014–15)|Battle o Baiji]]
*[[Battle o Tikrit (2015)|Battle o Tikrit]]
*[[Siege o Fallujah (2016)|Siege o Fallujah]]
**[[Operation Brakin Terrorism]]
|-
|headerstyle=background:#dbdbdb
|style=text-align:center;
}}
| awards        = [[File:IRIA Zulfaqar Ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Order o Zolfaghar]] (1)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2019/03/11/590717/Qassem-Soleimani-Iran-Leader-Zulfaqar-Order|title=Leader awards General Soleimani with Iran's highest military order|publisher=[[Press TV]]|accessdate=11 March 2019|archive-date=2019-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311150341/https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2019/03/11/590717/Qassem-Soleimani-Iran-Leader-Zulfaqar-Order|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Order of Fat'h (1st Class).svg|50px]][[File:Order of Fat'h (2nd Class).svg|50px]][[File:Order of Fat'h (3rd Class).svg|50px]] [[Order o Fath]] (3)&lt;ref name=&quot;medal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/204959/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87%7ctitle=mashreghnews.ir%7cpublisher=|title=عکس/ مدال های فرمانده نیروی قدس سپاه|publisher=|accessdate=11 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| relations     = 
}}
'''Qasem Soleimani''' ({{lang-fa|قاسم سلیمانی}}) (11 Mairch 1957&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=F9cJ1q-uFrcC&amp;pg=PA85&amp;dq=Qasem+Soleimani+March+11,+1957&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwj83fr9tubmAhVSUlAKHbMqBzsQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Qasem%20Soleimani%20March%2011%2C%201957&amp;f=false]&lt;/ref&gt; – 3 Januar 2020) wis an [[Iran]]ian [[Major general]] in the [[Islamic Revolutionary Gaird Corps]] (IRGC) an syne 1998 commander o its [[Quds Force]]—a diveesion primarily responsible for [[extraterritorial operations|extraterritorial militar an hidlins operations]].&lt;ref name=&quot;online.wsj.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303816504577305742884577460|title=Iran's Spymaster Soleimani Counters U.S. Moves in the Mideast |date=6 April 2012|work=Wall Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Qassem}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:2020 daiths]]
[[Category:Daiths bi American airstricks]]
[[Category:Persie fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Kerman Province]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o Fath]]
[[Category:Islamic Revolutionary Gaird Corps Major generals]]
[[Category:Iranian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Islamic Revolutionary Gaird Corps personnel o the Iran–Iraq War]]
[[Category:Islamic Revolutionary Gaird Corps personnel o the Sirie Ceevil War]]
[[Category:Quds Force personnel]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Iraqi Ceevil War]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Iranian fowk]]</text>
      <sha1>qma8ago80zyc394wbrbnzu6qok64woh</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leswalt</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="10460" sha1="gfdkd7wiveohf0f3bnu93f4mw4ifq5j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place 
|country = Scotland
|official_name= Leswalt
|map_type= Scotland
|coordinates = {{coord|54|55|50|N|5|05|35|W|display=inline,title}}
|unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]
|lieutenancy_scotland= [[Wigtounshire|Wigtoun]]
|constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries an Galloway (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Galloway]]
|constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Galloway an Wast Dumfries (Scots Parlament constituency)|Galloway an Wast Dumfries]]
 |post_town= Stranraer
 |postcode_district = DG9
 |postcode_area= DG9 Unkent
 |dial_code= 01776-Unkent
 }}
[[File:Leswalt Parish Church - geograph.org.uk - 164294.jpg|thumb|Leswalt Pairish Kirk]]

'''Leswalt''' is a veelage an ceevil pairish in the historical coonty o [[Wigtounshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It lies atween [[Portpaitrick]] and [[Stranrawer]], in the [[Rhins o Gallowa]].  The pairish kivers aboot 8 square miles.

==History==

'Leswalt' is a name o unkent oreegins. Possible derivations for its name include the [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] ''llys gwellt'', meanin &quot;gress court&quot; or mebbe [[Scots Gaelic]] ''lios uillt'', meanin &quot;fort o the glen&quot;, referin tae [[Lochnaw Castle]].{{citation needed|date=August 2026}}

In the [[Middle Ages]], the aurie wis likely dividen intae feudal baronys, ilk controlt bi a Baron o the Coort, unner the oweraw control o the Shirra o Wigtounshire. In auncient times it belangt tae the monks o [[Tongland Aibey]].

In 1390, [[Archibald Douglas, 3rd Yerl o Douglas]] grantit launds at Leswalt tae his illegeetimate son or kin, William Douglas o Leswalt. William Douglas wis sel-styled &quot;Laird o Leswalt&quot;, an Shirra o Wigton, bit wis dimitit bi Margaret, Duchess o Touraine, dochter o Keen [[Robert III o Scotland]] an guidwife o [[Archibald Douglas, 4t Yerl o Douglas]], as a pairt o a pouer struggle in soothwast Scotland. Unner fear he transfert launds at Lochnaw til Andrew Agnew, constable o Lochnaw Castle, receivin [[Cruggleton Castle]] in exchange.

Andrew Agnew hid been made hereditary constable o Lochnaw Castle bi William Douglas o Leswalt in 1426.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/registrummagnisi02scot|title=Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum : The register of the Great seal of Scotland, A.D. 1306-1668|date=August 12, 1882|publisher=Edinburgh : General register house|accessdate=August 12, 2019|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;  He received several chairters fae King [[James I o Scotland]], includin ane o 31 Januar 1431, confirmin tae him an his heirs the office o heritable constable o Lochnaw, an the hale launds and &quot;Barony o Lochnaw&quot;. In 1451 Andrew Agnew wis confirmt as Hereditary Shirra o Wigtounshire. In 1458 he wis peyed as shirra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/rotuliscaccariir06grea|title=Rotuli scaccarii regum Scotorum = The Exchequer rolls of Scotland|date=August 12, 1878|publisher=Edinburgh : H.M. General Register House|accessdate=August 12, 2019|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1463 whan George Douglas o Leswalt (son o William Douglas o Leswalt an Katherine Maxwell) dee'd, the launds o Leswalt and Cruggletoun revertit til the Croun, as a consequence o the forfietur o aw the houdins o [[William Douglas, 8t Yerl o Douglas]] in 1456. Thay wis appropriatit bi [[Mary o Guelders]], the Queen Mither, weedae o King [[James II o Scotland]], an wis subsequent claimt bi [[Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Laird Kennedy]], a hauf-brither tae George Douglas, for his son, [[John Kennedy, 2t Laird Kennedy]]. Thir anes passt tae his son, [[David Kennedy, 1t Yerl o Cassilis]].

Saut wis produce't at Salpans Bay in Leswalt fae 1637.

==Places o interest==

===Pairish kirk===
[[File:Ruins of Leswalt Old Church - geograph.org.uk - 1725611.jpg|thumb|Leswalt Auld Kirk]]

The Auld Kirk o Leswalt, noo ruint, is o medieval oreegin, haein been gien tae the monks o [[Tongland Aibey]] in the 14t century. The neebourin Agnew Aisle dates fae the 17t century. In 1828 the praisent kirk wis built an the auld ane abandont.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/60841/details/leswalt+old+parish+church+and+burial+ground/|title=Leswalt Old Parish Church|publisher=[[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]]|accessdate=6 September 2013|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105100114/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/60841/details/leswalt+old+parish+church+and+burial+ground/|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Lochnaw Castle===

[[Lochnaw Castle]] wis hame til the Agnew Faimily. The ruins o the Auld Castle staund on an island in Lochnaw Loch, and date til the 13t century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/60402/details/lochnaw+castle/ |title=Old Lochnaw Castle |publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland |accessdate=6 September 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The praisent castle incorporates a 16t century tour hoose, bit is maistly the upshot o remodelin in the 18t century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/60400/details/old+lochnaw+castle/ |title=Lochnaw Castle |publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland |accessdate=6 September 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Historical sites===

Rev. George Wilson's ''Archaeological and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway'' leets forts an Leswalt:

* a) Lashindarroch on Knock-na-maize circular fort
* b) Twa anes on Port Slogan
* c) Larbrax fort wi twa traverses at the Kemp's Walk
* d) Salpans Bay fort
* e) Heich Auchneel, no on the OS map
* f) Aldouran Glenheid fort, cried the Kemps' Graffs
* g) Tor o Craigoch circular fort wi ootby defences.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924092901606|title=Archæological and historical collections relating to Ayrshire &amp;amp; Galloway|date=August 12, 1878|publisher=Edinburgh, Printed for the Ayrshire and Galloway archæological association|accessdate=August 12, 2019|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ither sites===

* Labrax fort is an [[Airn Age]] fort that stuid leukin ower Broadsea Bay (Labrax Strand) an Labrax Fort Cove.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mapcarta.com/17622932|title=Salt Pans Bay|website=Mapcarta|accessdate=August 12, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Description of Ancient Forts, etc. in Wigtownshire by Rev. George Wilson, in Archaeological and historical collections relating to Ayrshire and Galloway|page= 63}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kemp's Walk (likely Labrax Fort, Labrax Strand), Meikle Larbrax,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/60312/kemps-walk-meikle-larbrax|title='Kemp's Walk', Meikle Larbrax &amp;#124; Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk|accessdate=August 12, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812135328/https://canmore.org.uk/site/60312/kemps-walk-meikle-larbrax|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; on a lairge promontory. Thare is an ingang (Larbrax Fort Cove) near the eastren side.
* An auncient dun leukin ower Kllantringan Bay (Kilringan Bay on 1782 map).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nlb.org.uk/LighthouseLibrary/Lighthouse/Killantringan/ |title=Killantringan|work=wwww.nlb.org.uk |access-date=21 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318113034/http://www.nlb.org.uk/LighthouseLibrary/Lighthouse/Killantringan/ |archive-date=18 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Killantringan Lichthoose]] wis built about 1889. The name Killantringan is derived fae &quot;Ringan's (or Ninian's) cell).
* An Airn-Age fort stuid leukin ower Salpans Bay.
* Heich Auchneel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/60376/high-auchneel|title=High Auchneel &amp;#124; Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk|accessdate=August 12, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812135317/https://canmore.org.uk/site/60376/high-auchneel|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sir Andrew Agnew's moniment sits an tap o the Tor o Craigoch, a prehistoric hill fort abuin Leswalt veelage provides a fine view.&lt;ref&gt;{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB10115|desc=AGNEW MONUMENT|cat=B|access-date=20 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The island in Lochnaw (o Loch Naw), a loch that his been soukit an refillt in its lang lifespan, aince haudit an 11t century castle fort, taen an demolisht in 1390 bi [[Archibald Douglas, 3rd Yerl o Douglas]] (Airchibald the Grim)
* A mote stuid by the side o Loch Naw. In 1791 Sir Stair Agnew uised its materials tae form a new approach.
* [[Galdenoch Castle]], dated 1547, wis the hame o Gilbert Agnew o Lochnaw until 1570.

==Gailerie==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Lochnaw Castle.jpg|[[Lochnaw Castle]]
File:Agnew Monument and hill fort - geograph.org.uk - 862618.jpg|Agnew Moniment on Tor o Craigoch hill fort
File:Loch Naw - geograph.org.uk - 164292.jpg|Loch Naw or Island o Lochnaw
File:Galdenoch Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1708980.jpg|Galdenoch Castle datit 1547 o Gilbert Agnew until 1570
File:Salt Pans Bay - geograph.org.uk - 240917.jpg|Salt Pans Bay, site o an auncient fort.  photae bi Jeff Wells
File:Site of hill fort, Broadsea Bay - geograph.org.uk - 263082.jpg|Broadsea Bay, site of Larbrax Airn Age hill fort
File:Labrax Beach - geograph.org.uk - 1371048.jpg|Larbrax strand, Broadsea Bay, wi a view o Killantringan Lichthoose
File:Killantringan or Kilringan Bay, Leswalt.jpg|Killantringan or Kilringan Bay, ablo an auncient Dun
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Leetit biggins in Leswalt==

* Lochnaw Castle, With Terrace, Gatepiers, Courtyard Walls, Bell, Monument And Pavilion
* Lochnaw, Garden House
* Lochnaw, Kathleen Cottage And Gatepiers
* Lochnaw, Kinsale Tower
* Larbrax Schoolhouse And Hall (Former School)
* Lochnaw, Noel Lodge
* Lochnaw, Old Lochnaw Castle
* House Of Knock
* Meikle Galdenoch, Farmhouse, With Boundary Walls
* Beach Lodge, With Boundary Walls
* Craigencross, With Boundary Wall
* Lochnaw, Boathouse
* Agnew Monument
* Galdenoch Castle
* Lochnaw, Larbrax Lodge
* Old Leswalt Church And Graveyard
* Leswalt Parish Church, With Boundary Walls And Gatepiers
* Lochnaw, Bridge Over Mill Isle Burn
* Lochnaw, Walled Garden
* Aldouran Lodge
* Galdenoch Mill

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Pairishes in Dumfries an Gallowa]]
[[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]]
[[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]]
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      <text bytes="471" sha1="pf1468gc6x4bdvz9safoopxw0y6epgw" xml:space="preserve">[In Inglis] Hi everyone. My name is Kirsty and I have lived in Scotland since October 2021. I am one of those strange English speaking folks who can read Scots but not speak it, although I do use occasional words in my speech to ensure my children understand what they are. I am happy to support Scots Wiki where I can by doing non-Scots speaking tasks and spreading the word to others who actually speak the language!
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{{WikiProject status|sc1=WP:BWR}}
The Big Scots Rewirte is a projeck stairtit in 2020 as a response tae controversies surroondin the scrievins thit war on the Wiki at the time, whaur it wis revealed thit maist o the Wiki wis scrieved bi fowk no native in the leid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I’ve discovered that almost every single article on the Scots version of Wikipedia is written by the same person - an American teenager who can’t speak Scots|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Scotland/comments/ig9jia/ive_discovered_that_almost_every_single_article/|access-date=2021-10-10|website=reddit|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. A few day follaein thae events, an editathon wis pit up tae help sort oot the Wikipedia.

== Aboot Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles. Oor oreeginal goal wis tae help oot the steid's admins wi thair Scots. Sin then, the admins hae demittit or gane inactive, wi Scots spikkin admins bein eleckit tae owersee the steid.

See gin yese hiv onyhing tae ask efterwirds, we'v a Discord channel appen fur quaistens, whaur we'll hiv fowk thit kin gie yese a haun. We'v pit thegither a list o some o the airticle thit ur needin sortin oot. - it's no complete, an see gin yese hiv ony tae pit in, yese kin dae.

Yese kin help oot bi daein hings like makkin categories, wikilinks, an picturs tae pages thit hivnae got ony. 'Mon lat's mak 'e Scots Wikipedia better!

We'r invítin fowk in tae gie ae haun, but we ken thit thare's a muckle wirk tae be duin. We'r wantin fur yersel tae gie ae haun in becomin orgindar editors on 'e Scots Wiki, an tae come back an dae mair edits.

See in ye'r no ower confident wi yer Scots, thare's a free 10 oor coorse thit's been pit thegither [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO7FYItwawDAH3_CCDGFjhQ here.]

Scots Wikipedia admins an ordinar contríbutors ur walcome tae jyne in an aw, an lear fae natives an fluent spikkers, thay're juist as important as the wiki hitsel!

== Whit we dae ==

; Wir Goals
* Sort oot aw the airticles on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Fixscots|Leet o airticles - Fix Scots]], [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that's mither tongue isna Scots]] an [[:Category:Stubs]]
* Pit in airticles specirfied bi [[Wikipedia:Leet o airticles that aa Wikipedias shuid hae]]
* Encourage fowk tae scrieve in Scots mair an tae impruive on thair literacy
* Git mair fowk chyngin an sortin oot the Wiki mair regular-like

; Structur
We host an editathon ivery month or twa, uisually themed aroond a certain topic. These events tak place ower 2 day, uiusually at a weekend, whaur we hiv onwab meetins whaur we dae collaborative chyngin, drap in sessions whaur fowk kin speir fur a haund wi an airticle thay'r sortin oot, an hiv tawks fae notable Scots personalities.

[[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Editathons|Past events here]]

== Parteecipants ==

* [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] - Founder an Co-organiser
* [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]] - Organiser &amp; WikiBrounie as [[Uiser:lirazelf]]
* [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|Ciphrius Kane]] - Co-organiser &amp; Wiki Admin
* Michael Dempster
* [[Uiser:Drkirstyross| drkirstyross]] - keen WikiBrounie

==Uiserbox==

{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}

 &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Uiser The Big Wiki Rewrite}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/node/id/1134| Scots Warks: Support and Guidance for writing]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

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    <title>Sede vacante</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="4876" sha1="bmod035oq27y9yv92hm2torz4ox7r28" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Sede vacante''}}
[[File:Sede vacante.svg|alt=The umbraculum, the arms of the Holy See under sede vacante|thumb|The [[umbraculum]], the airms o the [[Holy See]] unner sede vacante.]]

'''''Sede vacante'''''{{efn|{{IPA|ˈseːde vaˈkante}}; lit. wi the seat [being] empie}} is a term in [[Catholic Kirk]] [[canon law]] that means that the seat is empie. It is uised whan a [[diocese]] or [[archdiocese]] haes nae [[prelate]] installed in office. This aften happens whan a [[Pape]] dees or resigns. Durin this time, the [[Vatican Ceety|Holy See]] is run bi the [[Camerlengo (Catholic Kirk)|Camerlengo]] an the [[Cardinal (Catholic Kirk)|cardinals]]. In the [[Diocese o Roum]], the empie seat is the cathedra o [[Saint John Lateran]], the main kirk o the [[Bishop o Roum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dictionary : SEDE VACANTE|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/dictionary/index.cfm?id=36376&amp;randomterm=false|access-date=2026-01-27|website=www.catholicculture.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sede Vacante in History and Canon Law {{!}} EWTN|url=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/sede-vacante-in-history-and-canon-law-1252|access-date=2026-01-27|website=EWTN Global Catholic Television Network|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Vacancy|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15248b.htm|access-date=2026-01-27|website=www.newadvent.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2013-02-28|title=Sede Vacante: The seat is vacant|url=https://www.thecatholictelegraph.com/sede-vacante-the-seat-is-vacant/12806|access-date=2026-01-27|website=Catholic Telegraph|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519121326/https://www.thecatholictelegraph.com/sede-vacante-the-seat-is-vacant/12806|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== {{lang|la|Sede vacante}} periods syne 1799 ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Precedin Pape !! Subsequent Pape !! Beginnin !! Endin !! Duration&lt;ref&gt;As is uisual in Inglis, in canon law an aa ([https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__PS.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 203]), the first day isna coontit whan calculatin the lenth o a period, unless the period begoud at the beginnin o the day.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Pape Pius VI|Pius VI]] || [[Pape Pius VII|Pius VII]] || 29 August 1799 || [[1799–1800 papal conclave|14 March 1800]] || {{sort|99|}}197 days
|-
| [[Pape Pius VII|Pius VII]] || [[Pape Leo XII|Leo XII]] || 20 August 1823 || [[1823 papal conclave|28 September 1823]] || 39 days
|-
| [[Pape Leo XII|Leo XII]] || [[Pape Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] || 10 February 1829 || [[1829 papal conclave|31 March 1829]] || 49 days
|-
| [[Pape Pius VIII|Pius VIII]] || [[Pape Gregory XVI|Gregory XVI]] || 30 November 1830 || [[1830–1831 papal conclave|2 February 1831]] || 63 days
|-
| [[Pape Gregory XVI|Gregory XVI]] || [[Pape Pius IX|Pius IX]] || 1 June 1846 || [[1846 papal conclave|16 June 1846]] || 15 days
|-
| [[Pape Pius IX|Pius IX]] || [[Pape Leo XIII|Leo XIII]] || 7 February 1878 || [[1878 papal conclave|20 February 1878]] || 13 days
|-
| [[Pape Leo XIII|Leo XIII]] || [[Pape Pius X|Pius X]] || 20 July 1903 || [[1903 papal conclave|4 August 1903]] || 15 days
|-
| [[Pape Pius X|Pius X]] || [[Pape Benedict XV|Benedict XV]] || 20 August 1914 || [[1914 papal conclave|3 September 1914]] || 14 days
|-
| [[Pape Benedict XV|Benedict XV]] || [[Pape Pius XI|Pius XI]] || 22 January 1922 || [[1922 papal conclave|6 February 1922]] || 15 days
|-
| [[Pape Pius XI|Pius XI]] || [[Pape Pius XII|Pius XII]] || 10 February 1939 || [[1939 papal conclave|2 March 1939]] || 20 days
|-
| [[Pape Pius XII|Pius XII]] || [[Pape John XXIII|John XXIII]] || 9 October 1958 || [[1958 papal conclave|28 October 1958]] || 19 days
|-
| [[Pape John XXIII|John XXIII]] || [[Pape Paul VI|Paul VI]] || 3 June 1963 || [[1963 papal conclave|21 June 1963]] || 18 days
|-
| [[Pape Paul VI|Paul VI]] || [[Pape John Paul I|John Paul I]] || 6 August 1978 || [[August 1978 papal conclave|26 August 1978]] || 20 days
|-
| [[Pape John Paul I|John Paul I]] || [[Pape John Paul II|John Paul II]] || 28 September 1978 || [[October 1978 papal conclave|16 October 1978]] || 18 days
|-
| [[Pape John Paul II|John Paul II]] || [[Pape Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] || [[Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II|2 April 2005]] || [[2005 papal conclave|19 April 2005]] || 17 days
|-
| [[Pape Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] || [[Pape Francis|Francis]] || [[Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI|28 February 2013]] || [[2013 papal conclave|13 March 2013]] || 13 days
|-
| [[Pape Francis|Francis]] || [[Pape Leo XIV|Leo XIV]] || [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|21 April 2025]] || [[2025 papal conclave|8 May 2025]] || 17 days
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Ootside airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sede vacante}}
[[Category:Catholicism]]
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    <title>Silesia</title>
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      <text bytes="79860" sha1="qikxm2v4msgg6mdpvmscygfew25mb3k" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Historical pairt of Mid Europe}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name                     = {{native name|pl|Śląsk}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|szl|Ślōnsk}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|cs|Slezsko}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|de|Schlesien}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|sli|Schläsing}}
| settlement_type                 = [[Historical Region]]
| image_shield                    = [[File:Generic Silesia CoA.svg|150px]]
| image_map                       = {{Switcher|[[File:Ślůnsk 1335-1675.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1335-1675|[[File:Ślůnsk apx 1815 -1945.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1815-1939|default=1}}
| mapsize                         = 250px
| map_caption                     = Ducheries &amp; Province of Silesia on kairt of Mid Europe
| coordinates                     = {{coord|51.6|N|17.2|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = Kintra
| subdivision_name                = {{plainlist|
*[[Poland]]
*[[Czech Republic]]
*[[Germany]]}}
| seat_type                       = Mucklest ceity
| seat                            = [[Wrocław]]
| area_total_km2                  = 40400
| population_total                = c. 8000000
| population_density_km2          = 200
| population_demonym              = [[Silesians|Silesian]]
| timezone1                       = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset                      = +1
| timezone_DST                    = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = +2
}}

'''Silesia''' (tak a scance till the names ablow) is a historical pairt of Mid Europe that nou liggs maistly intil [[Poland]], wi smaw pairts in the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Germany]]. Its area is about {{Convert|40000|km2|-2}}, and the popular is upcuissen at 8,000,000. Silesia is riven intae twa main subregions: Nether Silesia tae the wast and Iver Silesia tae the east.

Situate alang the [[Oder]] River, wi the [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] raxin atour the southren mairch, Silesia is a heavily industrialised region rife of mineral and naitural resources. The mucklest toun and Nether Silesia's capital is [[Wrocław]]; the historic capital of Iver Silesia is [[Opole]]. The mucklest metropolitan area is the {{interleid airtin|Katowice metropolitan area|en|Katowice_metropolitan_area}}, the hert of whilk is {{interleid airtin|Katowice|en}}. Pairts of the Czech toun of {{interleid airtin|Ostrava|en|Ostrava}} and the German ceity of Görlitz are situate intil Silesia's historic mairches.

Silesia’s culture reflecks its wimpled history and diverse influences, comprisin Polish, Czech, and German elements. The region is kent for its unique {{interleid airtin|Silesian langage|en|Silesian_language}} (spoken yet bi a smaw feck of fowk bidin in Iver Silesia), richly decored hamelt {{interleid airtin|graith|en|Polish_traditional_clothing}}, hairty regional {{interleid airtin|cuisine|en|Silesian_cuisine}}, and a mixter-maxter of architectur frae the {{interleid airtin|Gothic|en|Gothic_architecture}}, {{interlanguage link|Baroque|en|Baroque architecture}}, and {{Interleid airtin|industrial|en|Industrial Architecture}} eras seen in its ceities an touns. The region conteens mony historical meiths and [[Warld Heritage Steid|UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids]]. Silesia's mairches and national affiliation haes chyngit ower time, baith whan it wis a heirship aucht of [[Feudalism|noble housses]] and efter the rise of modren [[Naition state|nation-states]], resultin in a rowth of castles an stranghauds, particularly in the ''Jelenia Góra'' vailley.

First hauden bi {{interleid airtin|Great Moravia|en}} at the hint-end of the 9t century and {{interleid airtin|Bohemia|en}} in the airly 10t century, Silesia wis incorporate intae the airly Polish state, and efter its {{interleid airtin|division|en|Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth}} in the 12t century it formit the Duchery of Silesia. As a result of farrer pairtin, it wis dividit intae individual ducheries, ruled bi diverse lines of the Polish {{interleid airtin|Piast dynasty|en|Silesian_Piasts}}. In the 14t century, it becam ane of the territories belanging the {{interleid airtin|Bohemian Croun Launds|en|Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown}} unner the [[Halie Romane Rik|Halie Empire of Rome]], whilk wis haundit ower tae the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526; housomever, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of Polish dukes (Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]], Sobieski) for formal Bohemian [[Feudalism|feus]]. As a result of the Silesian Weirs, the region wis taen bi {{interleid airtin|Prussia|en|Kingdom_of_Prussia}} frae [[Austrick|Austria]] in 1742 and efterhin became a pairt of the [[German Empire|Empire of Germany]] in 1871.

Efter [[Warld War I|Warld Weir I]], whan the Poles and the Czechs haed wun back their independence, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia became pairt of Poland follaein the decision of the Entente Pouers efter upsets bi Poles and the Iver Silesian plebiscite, while the lave of the umwhile Austrian pairts of Silesia wir daled atween [[Czechoslovakie|Czechoslovakia]] and Poland. Durin [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]], as a result of German occupation the haill region wis unner the owerance of [[Nazi Germany]]. In 1945, efter Warld Weir II, the maist of the German-held Silesia wis transferrit tae the jurisdiction of Poland wi the Potsdam Greement atween the victorious Allies and became pairt of Poland. The smaw Lusatian skelp bewast the Oder–Neisse line, the whilk haed belanged Silesia syne 1815, became pairt of [[East Germany]].

As a result of the {{interleid airtin|forced population shifts|en|Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)}} of 1945–48, the day's indwallers of Silesia speaks the national leids of their respective kintras. Umwhile German-speakin Nether Silesia haes developed a new mell'd Polish dialeck and new-farrant graith. There is ongaun debate anent whither the Silesian leid, common in Iver Silesia, shid be considered a dialeck of [[Pols leid|Polish]] or a sindry langage. The Nether Silesian German dialeck is aweers of deein out ower the heids of its speakers' gettin herried out.

==Etymology==
The names of Silesia in different leids maist likely skair their etymology—[[Pols leid|the Polish]]: ''Śląsk'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔ̃sk||Pl-Śląsk.ogg}}; [[German leid|the German]]: ''Schlesien'' {{IPA|de|ˈʃleːzi̯ən||De-Schlesien.ogg}}; [[Czech leid|the Czech]]: ''Slezsko'' {{IPA|cs|ˈslɛsko|}}; the Nether Silesian: ''Schläsing''; the Silesian: ''Ślōnsk'' {{IPA|szl|ɕlonsk|}}; the Nether Sorbian: ''Šlazyńska'' {{IPA|dsb|ˈʃlazɨnʲska|}}; the Iver Sorbian: ''Šleska'' {{IPA|hsb|ˈʃlɛska|}}; [[Slovak leid|the Slovak]]: ''Sliezsko''; [[Laitin|the Laitin]], [[Spainish leid|the Spainish]], [[Inglis leid|the English]] an [[Scots leid|the Scots]]: ''Silesia''; [[French leid|the French]]: ''Silésie''; [[Dutch leid|the Dutch]]: ''Silezië''; [[Italian leid|the Italian]]: ''Slesia''. The names aa effeir tae the name of a river (nou kent as ''Ślęza'') and ben (''Ben Ślęża'') in mid-southren Silesia, whilk sair'd for a place of worship tae pagans afore {{interleid airtin|Christianization|en}}.

''Ślęża'' is listit as ane of the num'rous {{interleid airtin|Pre-Indo-European|en|Pre-Indo-European_languages}} topographic names in the region (tak a scance till {{interlanguage link|auld European hydronymy|en|Old European hydronymy}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zbigniew|first=Babik|date=2001|title=Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny|journal=Uniwersitas, Kraków}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae the wittins of a puckle scholars, the name ''Ślęża'' {{IPA|pl|ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa|}} or ''Ślęż'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛ̃ʂ|}} is sib tae the Auld Polish wirds ''ślęg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛŋk|}} or ''śląg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔŋk|}}, meanin dunkieness, moister, or humidity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fischer|first=Rudolf|date=2007|title=Onomastica slavogermanica|journal=Uniwersytet Wrocławski|volume=|pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt; They differ wi the hypothesis that the name ''Śląsk'' haes its ruits in the name of the Silings tribe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jankuhn|first=Herbert|last2=Beck|first2=Heinrich|date=2006|others=et. al.|title=Wandalen|journal=Germanische Altertumskunde Online|language=the German|edition=2t|volume=33|quote=&quot;Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen [...] – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben [...]&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the common Polish tung, &quot;''Śląsk''&quot; refers tae traditionally Polish Iver Silesia and the day's {{interleid_airtin|Silesian Voivodeship|en|Silesian_Voivodeship}}, but less tae Nether Silesia, the whilk is unalike frae Iver Silesia in mony pairts sin its popular wis feckly speakin the German frae aroun mid-19t century on ontill 1945–48.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Andreas Lawaty, Hubert Orłowski|title=Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte, Kultur, Politik|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2003|page=183|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==History==
[[File:Polska_960_-_992.svg|left|thumb|200x200px|Kairt of Poland wi Silesia (''Śląsk'') in the year 992 durin the maistry of Mieszko I]]
In the fowert century BC frae the south, throu the ''Kłodzko Vailley'', the Celts made ingangins intil Silesia, an made hame around ''Ben Ślęża'' near modren [[Wrocław]], ''Oława'' an ''Strzelin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:)|title=Historia Śląska|last2=M. Czapliński (red.)|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=34–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Germanic Lugii clans wir first recordit athin Silesia in the 1t century BC. The [[Wast Slavs]] an Lechites wan till the pairt roun about the 7t century,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=37-38}}&lt;/ref&gt; an bi the airly ninth century, their colonies haed become siccered. The local Wast Slavs stertit upsettin boundary structures like the ''Silesian Przesieka'' an the ''Silesia Waws''. The easten mairch of Silesian sattlement wis situate bewast the ''Bytom'', and be-east ''[[Racibórz]]'' an ''Cieszyn''. East of this line wonned a sib Lechitic tribe kent as the Vistulans. Their northern mairch wis in the vailley of the ''Barycz River'', north of whilk bedd the Wastren Polans tribe that gied Poland its name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The first kent states in Silesia wis Greater Moravia an Bohemia. In the 10t century, the Polish ruler Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty incorporate Silesia intae the newly foundit Polish state. In 1000, the {{interleid airtin|Diocie of Wrocław|en|Archdiocese_of_Wrocław}} wis estaiblish't as the auldest [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] diocie in the region, an ane of the auldest diocies in Poland, thirled tae the Roman Catholic Airchdiocie of Gniezno. Poland repelled German invasions of Silesia in 1017 at Niemcza and in 1109 at Głogów. Durin the {{interlanguage link|Division of Poland|en|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|}}, Silesia and the lave of the kintra wis dividit intae mony smawer ducheries ruled bi sindry Silesian dukes. In 1178, pairts of the Duchery of Kraków aroun Bytom, Oświęcim, [[Chrzanów]], and Siewierz wir transferrit tae the Silesian Piasts, awtho their popular wis feckly Vistulan and nae of Silesian stock.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Silesia_1172-1177.jpg|thumb|226x226px|Silesia in the fore-end of the  division of Poland, 1172–1177, Nether Silesia wi Lubusz Laund in orange, Iver Silesia in green and yallow.]]
{{interleid airtin|The Walloons|en|Walloons}} cam tae Silesia as ane of the foremaist fremmit immigrant groups in [[Poland]], maist likely makin hame in [[Wrocław]] frae the 12t century on, wi ither Walloon immigrants invitit bi Duke Henry the Bairdit in the airly 13t century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zientara|first=Benedykt|title=Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku|publisher=Przegląd Historyczny|year=1975|volume=66/3|pages=353, 357|language=the Polish}}&lt;/ref&gt; Syne the 13t century, German cultural and ethnic influence wuir up as a result of immigration frae the states of the [[Halie Romane Rik|Hailie Empire of Rome]] whaur the German leid wis spoken.

The first designin of municipal richts in Poland haed taen place in the toun of [[Złotoryja]] bi Henry the Bairdit. Medieval municipal richts modeled efter Lwówek Śląski and Środa Śląska, baith foundit bi Henry the Bairdit, haed become the found of the municipal form of government for a curnie ceities and touns in Poland, and twa of five local Polish forms of medieval toun richts. The Beuk of Henryków, the whilk conteens the airliest kent sentence written in the Polish leid, as weel as a document conteenin the auldest prented text in the Polish, wir creatit in Henryków and Wrocław in Silesia, respectively.

In 1241, the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] cairried out their first invasion of Poland, resultin in widespreid pilget and mass flicht. They reived the feck of the region and whummle't the jyned Polish, Moravian and German forces heidit bi Duke Henry II the Guidly at the Stour of Legnica, the whilk haed taen place at Legnickie Pole near the ceity of [[Legnica]]. Straicht efter the daith of Orda Khan, the Mongols decidit nae to bensel farrer intae Europe, but gaed back east tae tak pairt in the electioun of a new Grand Khan (heid yin).

Atween 1289 an 1292, the Bohemian king Wenceslaus II became ''suzerain'' of a puckle of the Iver Silesian ducheries. The Polish monarchs haedna gien ower their heirship richts tae Silesia ontil 1335.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=81}}&lt;/ref&gt; The province became pairt of the Bohemian Croun whilk wis pairt of the Hailie Empire of Rome; houaniver, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of Polish dukes frae the housses of Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] and Sobieski for formal Bohemian feus (a puckle ontil the 17t–18t centuries). Atween 1469 an 1490, Silesia was unner the maistry of Matthias Corvinus, wha claimed the Bohemian throne. In 1526 Silesia wis haundit ower wi the Bohemian Croun tae the Habsburg monarchy.

In the 15t century, a wheen chynges wir made tae the mairches of Silesia. Pairts of the territories that haed gotten transferrit tae the Silesian Piasts in 1178 wir coff't bi the Polish kings in the saicont hauf of the 15t century (the Duchery of Oświęcim in 1457; the Duchery of Zator in 1494). The Bytom pairt bedd in the aucht of the Silesian Piasts, tho it wis a pairt of the Diocie of Kraków.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; The Duchery of Krosno Odrzańskie ({{Lang|de|Crossen}}) wis heired bi the Marquesy of Brandenburg in 1476 and wi the renunciation of King [[Ferdinand I, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and the estates of Bohemia in 1538, it became pairt an pertinent of Brandenburg. Atween 1645 and 1666, the Duchery of Opole an Racibórz wis hauden in wad bi the Polish Hous of Vasa in tocher of the Polish queen Cecylia Renata.
[[File:Crown_of_Bohemia_1648.png|thumb|Launds of the Bohemian Croun atween 1635 and 1742, afore the maist of Silesia was gien ower tae [[Kinrick o Proushie|Prussia]]]]
[[File:Silesia-map.svg|left|thumb|Kairt of Austrian an Prussian Silesia wi modren national mairches: {{Legend|#00ffff|[[Austrian Silesia]], 1740}}{{Legend|#ffffff|[[Prussian Silesia]], 1871}}{{Legend|#0000ff|[[Oder]]}}]]
In 1742, the maist of Silesia wis taen wi King [[Frederick the Great|Frederick II of Prussia]] in the Weir of the Austrian Succession, at the hinner end becomin the Prussian Province of Silesia in 1815; ower the heids of this, Silesia became pairt of the [[German Empire|Empire of Germany]] whan it wis made kent in 1871. The Silesian capital Breslau became than ane of the muckle ceities in Germany. Breslau wis a centre of Jewish life in Germany and a wechty place of science (college) and industry (the makin of steam-ingines). German mass tourism stertit in the Silesian hielaunds (Hirschberg, Schneekoppe). 
[[File:Wrocław_Rynek_18_sm.jpg|left|thumb|279x279px|Teipical Silesian baroque architectur in [[Wrocław]]]]
Efter Warld Weir I, a pairt of Silesia, Iver Silesia, wis quarreled bi Germany and the newly independent Saicont Polish Republic. The League of Nations pat thegither a plebiscite tae sattle the maitter in 1921. It wad result in 60% of votes gettin cuissen for Germany and 40% for Poland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Die Provinz Oberschlesien Volksabstimmungen 1920 und 1922|url=https://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Preussen/Oberschlesien/Volksentscheide.html|url-status=live|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein the third Silesian raibblin (1921), houaniver, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia (as weel as Katowice), wi a feckly ethnic Polish popular, wis gien Poland, becomin the Silesian Voivodeship. The Prussian Province of Silesia intil Germany wis than dividit intae the provinces of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia. Meantime, Austrian Silesia, the smaw pairt of Silesia keppit bi Austria efter the Silesian Weirs, wis maistly gien tae the new Czechoslovakia (at the hinner-end kent as Czech Silesia and Trans-Olza), awtho maist of Cieszyn and laund tae the east of it gaed tae Poland.

Polish Silesia wis amang the foremaist regions tae be invadit durin Germany's 1939 sailyie on Poland, the whilk stertit [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]]. Ane of the claimed ettles of Nazi German occupation, mairbetoken in Iver Silesia, wis the extermination of thaim wham the Nazis considered &quot;subhuman&quot;, viz the Jews an ethnic Poles. The Polish and Jewish population of the than Polish pairt of Silesia wis underlien genocide involvin herryin outs, mass murther and deportation till {{interleid airtin|Nazi concentration camps|en|Nazi_concentration_camps}} and {{interleid airtin|forced lawbour|en|Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II}} camps, while the Germans war sattled in pursuit of {{interlanguage link|Lebensraum|en|Lebensraum}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Piotr Eberhardt|title=Political Migrations in Poland 1939-1948|year=2006|location=Warsaw|pages=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twa thousand Polish intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen wir murthered durin the {{interlanguage link|Intelligenzaktion Schlesien|en|Intelligenzakten}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|publisher=Institute of National Remembrance{{!}}IPN|year=2009|location=Warszawa|language=the Polish}}&lt;/ref&gt; in 1940 as pairt of a {{interlanguage link|Germanization program aa ower the kintra|en|Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945)}}. Silesia alsae houssed ane of the twa main weirtime centres whaur the Nazis wir conduckin medical pratticks on kidnappit Polish bairns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Uzarczyk|first=Kamila|title=Podstawy ideologiczne higieny ras i ich realizacja na przykładzie Śląska w latach 1924-1944|date=2002|publisher=Wydawn, Adam Marszałek|isbn=978-83-7322-287-8|location=Toruń}}&lt;/ref&gt; Czech Silesia wis occupied bi Germany as pairt of Sudetenland. In Silesia, [[Nazi Germany]] operate the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, a wheen prisoner-of-weir camps for Allied POWs (amang thaim, the major Stalag VIII-A, Stalag VIII-B, Stalag VIII-C camps), num'rous Nazi wards and thousands of forced lawbour camps, whilk teuk in a netwark of forced lawbour camps allenerly for Poles (''Polenlager''), subcamps of wards, POW camps and the Gross-Rosen and [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] concentration camps.

The [[Potsdam Conference|Potsdam Collogue]] of 1945 defined the Oder-Neisse line as the mairch atween Germany and Poland, ontil a hindmaist peace collogue wi Germany cuid be hauden (the whilk niver teuk place).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q40tDwAAQBAJ|title=The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781847790323|page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the hinner end of WWII, the Germans in Silesia teuk leg bail frae the battle grund, assumin they wad be able tae back-come whan the weir wis bye. Housomever, they cuidna back-come, and thaim that haed steyed wir herried out and a new Polish popular, amang thaim wis fowk that wir herried out frae umwhile Easten Poland taen bi the Soviet Union and frae Mid Poland, jyned the lave of the native Polish indwallers frae the region. Efter 1945 and in 1946, nearhaund aa of the 4.5 million Silesians wi German ruits flichtit, or wir steekit in camps and herried out; amang thaim wis a wheen thousan German Jews that haed pitten ower the Holocaust and come back tae Silesia. The newly foundit Polish Unitit Wirkers' ''Pairty'' creatit a ''Ministry of the Recovered Territories'' that claimed the hauf of the available plou-grund for state-run collectivised fairms. Mony of the new Polish Silesians, wha murned the Germans for their invasion in 1939 and fellness in occupation, nou murned the newly foundit Polish communist government for their population shiftin and mellin wi fairmin and industrial affairs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lukowski, Zawadski|first=Jerzy, Hubert|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278|title=A Concise History of Poland|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-61857-1|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=[https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278 278–280]|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The admeinistrative division of Silesia intil Poland haes chyngit a wheen times syne 1945. Syne 1999, it haes been dividit atween Lubusz Voivodeship, Nether Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship, and Silesian Voivodeship. Czech Silesia is nou pairt of the Czech Republic, formin pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Region and the northern pairt of the Olomouc Region. Germany keeps the Silesia-Lusatia region ({{Lang|de|Niederschlesien-Oberlausitz}} or {{Lang|de|Schlesische Oberlausitz}}) bewast the Neisse, whilk is pairt of the federal state of [[Saxony]].

===Ethnic history===
[[File:Silesia_Language_Map_1905.png|thumb|Mither Tungs of Silesia, frae the wittins of the 1905 Census]]
Modren Silesia is indwalled bi [[Poles]], Silesians, [[Germans]], and Czechs. Germans first came till Silesia durin the Late Medieval Ostsiedlung.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Weinhold|first=Karl|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CqpCAAAAIAAJ|title=Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien|publisher=J. Engelhorn|year=1887|location=Stuttgart|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt; The lest Polish census in 2011 shawed that the Silesians are the mucklest ethnic or national minority in Poland, and Germans the saicont; baith groups bide maistly in Iver Silesia. The Czech pairt of Silesia is indwalled bi Czechs, Moravians, Silesians, and Poles.

In the airly 19t century the popular of the Prussian pairt of Silesia wis atween 2/3 an 3/4 German-speakin, atween 1/5 an 1/3 Polish-speakin, wi the Sorbs, Czechs, Moravians and Jews makin up the ither smawer minorities (tak a scance till Table 1. ablow).

Afore the Saicont Warld Weir, Silesia wis indwalled maistly bi Germans, wi Poles a muckle minority, formin a plurality in Iver Silesia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gumpert&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jobst Gumpert|title=Polen, Deutschland|publisher=Callwey|year=1966|pages=138|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silesia wis alsae the hame of a smaw feck of Czech an Jewish fowk. The German population wis maistly wonnin in the urban airts and in the laundward pairts tae the north and wast, whereas the Polish populace wis maistly laundward and cuid be fund tae the east and tae the south.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hunt Tooley|first=T|date=1997|title=National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922|journal=University of Nebraska Press|language=the English|pages=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1. Ethno-leid structure of Prussian Silesia in years 1787–1823
!Ethnic group
!frae. G. Hassel in 1819&lt;ref name=&quot;Georg Hassel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hassel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31DMAJgQV28C&amp;pg=PA34|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=33–34|language=the German|quote=|first=Georg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!%
!frae. S. Plater in 1823{{Sfn|Plater|1825}}
!%
!frae. T. Ładogórski in 1787&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ładogórski|first=Tadeusz|title=Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806|publisher=edited by W. Długoborski|year=1966|location=Wrocław|pages=150|language=the Polish}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!%
|-
|'''Germans'''
|1,561,570
|'''75.6'''
|1,550,000
|'''70.5'''
|1,303,300
|'''74.6'''
|-
|'''Poles'''
|444,000
|'''21.5'''
|600,000
|'''27.3'''
|401,900
|'''23.0'''
|-
|'''Sorbs'''
|24,500
|'''1.2'''
|30,000
|'''1.4'''
|900
|'''0.1'''
|-
|'''Czechs'''
|5,500
|'''0.3'''
|
|
|32,600
|'''1.9'''
|-
|'''Moravians'''
|12,000
|'''0.6'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|'''Jews'''
|16,916
|'''0.8'''
|20,000
|'''0.9'''
|8,900
|'''0.5'''
|-
|'''Popular'''
|'''c. 2.1&amp;nbsp;million'''
|'''100'''
|'''c. 2.2&amp;nbsp;million'''
|'''100'''
|'''c. 1.8&amp;nbsp;million'''
|'''100'''
|}
Ethnic structure of Prussian Iver Silesia ([[Opole]] regency) durin the 19t century and the air 20t century can be fund in Table 2.:
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! colspan=&quot;18&quot; |Table 2. Nummers of Polish, German an ither indwallers (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)&lt;ref name=&quot;Georg Hassel&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul Weber1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kalisch|first=Johannes|last2=Bochinski|first2=Hans|date=1958|title=Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882|url=http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|location=Leipzig|volume=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201215644/http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Year
!1819
!1831
!1834
!1837
!1840
!1843
!1846
!1852
!1855
!1858
!1861
!1867
!1890
!1900
!1905
!1910
|-
|'''''Polish'''''
|377,100
'''(67.2%)'''
|418,837
'''(62.0%)'''
|468,691
'''(62.6%)'''
|495,362
'''(62.1%)'''
|525,395
'''(58.6%)'''
|540,402
'''(58.1%)'''
|568,582
'''(58.1%)'''
|584,293
'''(58.6%)'''
|590,248
'''(58.7%)'''
|612,849
'''(57.3%)'''
|665,865
'''(59.1%)'''
|742,153
'''(59.8%)'''
|918,728 '''(58.2%)'''
|1,048,230 '''(56.1%)'''
|1,158,805 '''(57.0%)'''
|Census, monolingual Polish: '''1,169,340''' '''(53.0%)'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul Weber2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|page=27|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''or up tae''' '''1,560,000''' thegither wi bilinguals
|-
|'''''German'''''
|162,600
'''(29.0%)'''
|257,852
'''(36.1%)'''
|266,399
'''(35.6%)'''
|290,168
'''(36.3%)'''
|330,099
'''(36.8%)'''
|348,094
'''(37.4%)'''
|364,175
'''(37.2%)'''
|363,990
'''(36.5%)'''
|366,562
'''(36.5%)'''
|406,950
'''(38.1%)'''
|409,218
'''(36.3%)'''
|457,545
'''(36.8%)'''
|566,523 '''(35.9%)'''
|684,397 '''(36.6%)'''
|757,200 '''(37.2%)'''
|'''884,045''' '''(40.0%)'''
|-
|'''''Ither'''''
|21,503
'''(3.8%)'''
|13,254
'''(1.9%)'''
|13,120
'''(1.8%)'''
|12,679
'''(1.6%)'''
|41,570
'''(4.6%)'''
|42,292
'''(4.5%)'''
|45,736
'''(4.7%)'''
|49,445
'''(4.9%)'''
|48,270
'''(4.8%)'''
|49,037
'''(4.6%)'''
|51,187
'''(4.6%)'''
|41,611
'''(3.4%)'''
|92,480
'''(5.9%)'''
|135,519
'''(7.3%)'''
|117,651
'''(5.8%)'''
|Popular: 2,207,981
|}
The Austrian pairt of Silesia haed a mell'd German, Polish and Czech popular, wi speakers of the Polish leid makin a plurality in Cieszyn Silesia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Chromik|first=Grzegorz|title=Geschichte des deutsch-slawischen Sprachkontaktes im Teschener Schlesien|isbn=978-3-88246-398-9|pages=258–322|language=the German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Releigion====
[[File:Verbreitung_der_Konfessionen_im_deutschen_Reich.jpg|thumb|Confessions in the Empire of Germany (Catholic/Protestant; {{Circa|1890}}). Nether Silesia wis maistly Protestant, while Glatz (Kłodzko) an Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic.]]
Historically, Silesia wis about aqual spleit atween the [[Catholic Kirk|Catholics]] and the [[Protestantism|Protestants]] (awmaist aa wir Lutherans). In an 1890 census taen in the German pairt, the Catholics made up a slicht plurality of 53%, while the ither 47% wir maist haund Lutheran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Meyers Konversationslexikon|volume=5. Ausgabe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Geographically speakin, Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic binna for a puckle of pairts in the nort-wast, that wir feckly Lutheran. Nether Silesia wis maistly Lutheran binna for the ''Glatzer Laund'' (nou kent as ''Kłodzko County''). Generally speakin, the popular wis maistly Protestant in the wastern pairts, and it wad maistly get mair Catholic the farrer east a body gaed. In Iver Silesia, Protestants wir thranged in muckler ceities, and aften considered theirsells German. Efter Warld Weir II, the releigious demographics chyngit significantly sin the Germans, wha constitute the feck of the Protestant population, wir forcibly herried out. Poles, wha wir maistly Catholic, haed sattled again here in their steid. The day, Silesia bides feckly Catholic.

Extant syne the 12t century,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Demshuk|first=A|title=The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|pages=40}}&lt;/ref&gt; Silesia's Jewish commonty wis thranged aroun Wrocław an Iver Silesia, and nummered at 48,003 (1.1% of the popular) in 1890, gaein doun tae 44,985 bodies (0.9%) bi 1910.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kamusella|first=T|title=Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=2007|pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Polish East Iver Silesia, the nummer of Jews wis roun about 90,000–100,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Christopher R.|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511665301|title=Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers|date=2000-02-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77299-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Historically, the commonty haed dree'd a nummer of localised herryin outs, for ensample their 1453 herryin out frae [[Wrocław]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=van Straten|first=J|title=The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry: The Controversy Unravelled|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|pages=58}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atween 1712 and 1820 a tring of chiels wir cried Heid Rabbi of Silesia (&quot;''Landesrabbiner''&quot;): Naphtali ha-Kohen (1712–16); Samuel ben Naphtali (1716–22); Ḥayyim Jonah Te'omim (1722–1727); Baruch b. Reuben Gomperz (1733–54); Joseph Jonas Fränkel (1754–93); Jeremiah Löw Berliner (1793–99); Lewin Saul Fränkel (1800–7); Aaron Karfunkel (1807–16); and Abraham ben Gedaliah Tiktin (1816–20).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|title=Silesia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7747-hirschberg|access-date=6 December 2017|website=1906 Jewish Encyclopedia|publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Eftercasts of Warld Weir II====
Efter the Germans invadit Poland in 1939, follaein {{interlanguage link|Nazi racial policy|en|Racial Policy of Nazi Germany}}, the Jewish popular of Silesia wis underlien genocide wi executions obtemper'd wi Einsatzgruppe z. B.V. heidit bi ''Udo von Woyrsch'' and Einsatzgruppe I heidit bi ''Bruno Streckenbach'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Olkuśnik|first=Magdalena|title=Popularna encyklopedia powszechna|last2=Wójcik|first2=Elżbieta|year=2001|volume=10|pages=660}}&lt;/ref&gt; incarceration in ghettos, and ethnic cleansing of the General Government. In their ettles tae exterminate the Jews throu murther and ethnic cleansin, the Germans foundit the Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen camps in the province of Silesia. Herryin outs wir cairried out apenly and souched in the local press.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Steinbacher|first=S|title=The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia&quot;, in Cesarani, D. (2004) Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=110-138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thaim sent tae ghettos wad frae 1942 be herried out till concentration and wark camps.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Atween 5 Mey and 17 Juin, 20,000 Silesian Jews wir sent till Birkenau till gas chaumers and aa throu August 1942, atween 10,000 and 13,000 Silesian Jews wir murthert wi gassin at the Auschwitz.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Stanley|last2=Browning|first2=Christopher R.|date=2005|title=The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20034240|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=84|issue=1|pages=188|doi=10.2307/20034240|issn=0015-7120}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maist Jews in Silesia wir exterminated wi the Nazis. Efter the weir, Silesia became a muckle centre tae repatriation of the Jewish popular that haed pitten ower Nazi German extermination in Poland,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Slucki|first=David|url=https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813552255|title=The International Jewish Labor Bund after 1945|date=2019-09-03|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-5225-5|pages=63}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in the hairst of 1945, 15,000 Jews wir bidin in Nether Silesia, maistly Polish Jews that haed come back frae territories that nou belanged the Soviet Union,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Belah Guṭerman|first=|date=2011-03-01|title=A Narrow Bridge to Life: Jewish Forced Labor and Survival in the Gross-Rosen Camp System|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcr012|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|volume=25|issue=1|pages=229|doi=10.1093/hgs/dcr012|issn=8756-6583}}&lt;/ref&gt; risin in 1946 tae seiventy thousand&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kochavi|first=AJ|date=2001|title=Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States &amp; Jewish refugees, 1945–1948|journal=University of North Carolina Press|pages=176}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Jewish survivors frae ither pairts of Poland wir relocate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

The feck of Germans flichtit or wir herried out frae the day's Polish and Czech pairts of Silesia durin and efter Warld Weir II. Atween Juin 1945 and Januar 1947, 1.77&amp;nbsp;million Germans wir herried out frae Nether Silesia, and 310,000 frae Iver Silesia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Klusmeyer|first=Douglas B.|url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781845459697|title=Immigration Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany|last2=Papademetriou|first2=Demetrios G.|date=2022-09-29|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-969-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; The day, maist German Silesians and their affspring bides in the Federal Republic of Germany, mony of thaim in the [[Ruhr]] area wirkin as miners, like their forebeirs in Silesia. Ane of its maist namely but controversial presses wis the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] politician ''Herbert Hupka''.

The herryin out of Germans haed resultit in rife unnerpopulation. The popular of the toun of Głogów fell frae 33,500 tae 5,000, an atween 1939 and 1966 the popular of Wrocław fell bi 25%. Ettles tae re-people Silesia didna come muckle speed in the 1940s and 1950s,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fessenden|first=Helen|last2=Mazower|first2=Mark|date=1999|title=Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20049489|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=78|issue=5|pages=223|doi=10.2307/20049489|issn=0015-7120}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Silesia's popular didna rax tae pre-weir levels till the late 1970s. The Polish sattlers that re-peopled Silesia wir pairtly frae the umwhile Polish Easten Mairchlaunds, whilk wis taen bi the [[Soviet Union]] in 1939. Wrocław wis pairtly re-peopled wi bield-seekers frae the umwhile Polish ceity of [[Lviv|Lwów]].

==Geography==
[[File:Landkarte_von_Schlesien.jpg|thumb|First kairt of Silesia bi Martin Helwig, 1561; north at the bottom]]
[[File:Silesia_Physical_Map.png|thumb|Physical kairt of Silesia in 1905]]
The maist of Silesia is affeirin flet, awtho its southren mairch is maistly montanous. It is feckly locate in a swath rinnin alang baith braes of the iver and mid [[Oder|Oder (Odra)]] River, but it raxes eastle tae the iver Vistula River. The pairt alsae taks in mony leaders of the ''Oder'', amang thaim is the ''Bóbr'' (and its leader the ''Kwisa''), the ''Barycz'' an the ''Nysa Kłodzka''. The [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] rins alang the maist of the southren rind of the region, tho at its south-eastern extreme it raxes tae the Silesian Beskids an Moravian-Silesian Beskids, whilk belang the [[Carpathie Moontains|Carpathian Bens]].

Historically, Silesia wis boundit tae the wast bi the Kwisa and Bóbr Rivers, while the laund bewast the Kwisa wis in Iver Lusatia (airlier ''Milsko''). Housomever, because pairt of Iver Lusatia wis taen in the Province of Silesia in 1815, in Germany ''[[Görlitz (destrict)|Görlitz]]'', ''Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis'' and neebourin airts are considered pairts of historical Silesia. Thon destricks, alang wi Poland's Nether Silesian Voivodeship and pairts of Lubusz Voivodeship, mak up the geographic region of Nether Silesia.

Silesia haes underlien a seimilar notional raxin at its easten extreme. Historically, it raxed anelie the lenth of the Brynica River, whilk sinders it frae ''Zagłębie Dąbrowskie'' in Lesser Poland. Houaniver, tae mony Poles the day, Silesia (''Śląsk)'' is unnerstuid tae kiver aa the area roun about Katowice, as weel as Zagłębie. This interpretatioun is gien offeicial ratihabitation in the yaise of the name Silesian Voivodeship ({{lang|pl|województwo śląskie}}) for the province kiverin this area. In fack, the wird ''{{lang|pl|Śląsk}}'' in the Polish leid (whan yaised athout qualificatioun) nou commonly refers allenarly tae this pairt (alsae kent as ''Górny Śląsk'' or Iver Silesia).

As weel as the Katowice airt, historical Iver Silesia alsae taks in the [[Opole]] region (Poland's Opole Voivodeship) and Czech Silesia. Czech Silesia is made up of a pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Region and the Jeseník Destrick in the Olomouc Region.

===Naitural resources===
Silesia is a pairt rife of resources and fowk. Syne the mid-18t century, coal haes gotten mined. The industry haed grown while Silesia wis pairt of Germany, and peaked in the 1970s unner the ''Fowk's Republic of Poland''. Durin this time, Silesia became ane of the warld's mucklest producers of coal, wi a record tonnage in 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &amp;#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The coal minin dwined durin the nixt twa decades, but haes worn up again follaein the end of Communist maistry.
[[File:KWK_Bolesław_Śmiały_01.jpg|thumb|Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine, Łaziska Górne]]
The 41 coal mines in Silesia are maistly pairt of the Iver Silesian Coal Basin, whilk liggs in the Silesian Uplaund. The coalfield haes an area of about {{Convert|4,500|km2|mi2}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &amp;#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deposits in Nether Silesia hae kyth'd tae be a trauchle tae mak yaise of and the area's onprofitable mines wir steekit in 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;en.poland.gov.pl&quot; /&gt; In 2008, an upcuissen 35&amp;nbsp;billion tonnes of lignite fordels wir fund near Legnica, makin thaim some of the mucklest in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mamy największe złoża węgla brunatnego na świecie|url=http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,82244,4820533.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503194935/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,4820533.html|archive-date=2012-05-03|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Gazetawyborcza.pl|language=the Polish|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Frae the fowert century BC on, airn ore haes been mined in the uplaund pairts of Silesia.&lt;ref name=&quot;en.poland.gov.pl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &amp;#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same period haed leid, capper, siller, and gowd minin. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mikulski|first=S.Z.|title=Late-Hercynian gold-bearing arsenic-polymetallic mineralization within Saxothuringian zone in the Polish Sudetes, Northeast Bohemian Massif, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century|publisher=CRC Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-003-07750-3|location=London|pages=787-790}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[uranium]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wise International &amp;#124; World Information Service on Energy|url=http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/439-440/poland.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053346/http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww10.antenna.nl%2Fwise%2F439-440%2Fpoland.html|archive-date=10 October 2007|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; hev alsae been mined in the region. Nether Silesia features lairge capper minin and processing atween the ceities of [[Legnica]], Głogów, Lubin, and Polkowice. In the Middle Ages, gowd (Polish: ''złoto'') and siller (Polish: ''srebro'') wir mined in the region, whilk is refleckit in the names of the umwhile minin touns of [[Złotoryja]], Złoty Stok and Srebrna Góra.

The region is kent for stane quarryin tae produce limestane, marl, mairble, and basalt.&lt;ref name=&quot;en.poland.gov.pl&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable col2right&quot;
|+'''Annwal throu-pit of minerals in Silesia'''
!Mineral name
!Throu-pit (tonnes)
!Ref.
|-
|Bituminous coal
|95,000,000
|
|-
|Capper
|571,000
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 July 2011|title=Copper: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/copper/copper_t21.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Zinc
|160,000
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 July 2004|title=Zinc: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/zinc/zinc_table18.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Siller
|1,200
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 August 2004|title=Silver: World Mine Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/silver/silver_table08.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Cadmium
|500
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 May 2012|title=Cadmium: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/cadmium/cadmium_t5.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Leid
|70,000
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 June 2005|title=Lead: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/lead/lead_t16.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
The region alsae haes a weel-daein lawbourage sector, the whilk produces cereals (white, rye, barley, aits, stuff), tatties, rapeseed, succar beets and siclike. Milk throu-pit is weel developed. The Opole Silesia haes for mony decades taen the tap spat in Poland for their indices of effective yaise of fairmin laund.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samorząd Województwa Opolskiego|url=http://umwo.opole.pl/serwis/index.php?id=2009|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The montanous pairts of southren Silesia features mony significant and hertsome tourism destinations (e.g., Karpacz, Szczyrk, Wisła). Silesia is maistly weel forestit. This is because greenness is generally heichly socht efter bi the local population, mairbetoken in the heichly industrialized pairts of Silesia.

==Demographics==
Silesia haes been historically diverse in aa pairts. Nouadays, the mucklest pairt of Silesia is locate in Poland; it is aften cried ane of the maist diverse pairts of the kintra.

The ''Unitit States Immigration Commission'', in its ''Dictionary of Races or Peoples'' (published in 1911, whan muckle thrangs of Silesians wir flittin till the Unitit States), held ''Silesian'' for a geographical (nae ethnic) term, beirin the indwallers of Silesia. The existence of baith Polish Silesian an German Silesian dialecks thereawa wis mintioned forbye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/128/mode/1up/search/Silesian|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/105/mode/1up|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|others=United States. Immigration Commission (1907–1910)|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=105, 128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ceities an touns===
The follaein table taks in the ceities and touns in Silesia wi a population greater nor 20,000 (2026).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-04-29|title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2025. As of 31 December (table IV)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2025-as-of-31-december,3,39.html|access-date=2026-06-04|publisher=Statistics Poland|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-05-18|title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|website=DataStat|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:1%;&quot; |
! style=&quot;width:1%;&quot; |
!Name
! style=&quot;width:6%;&quot; |Popular
! style=&quot;width:11%;&quot; |Area
! style=&quot;width:4%;&quot; |Kintra
!Admeinistrative
! style=&quot;width:15%;&quot; |Historic subregion
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|1
|[[File:Herb_wroclaw.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Wrocław]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |672,601
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|293|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether 
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|2
|[[File:Ostrava_CoA_CZ.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Ostrava'''*
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |280,853
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|214|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia/[[Moravie|Moravia]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|3
|[[File:Katowice_Herb.svg|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Katowice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |277,415
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|165|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver 
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|4
|[[File:Gliwice_herb.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Gliwice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |166,942
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|134|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|5
|[[File:POL_Bielsko-Biała_COA.svg|center|48x48px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bielsko-Biała'''*
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |163,164
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|125|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia/Lesser Poland
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|6
|[[File:POL_Zabrze_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Zabrze'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |150,780
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|80|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|7
|[[File:Bytom_herb.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bytom'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |144,598
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|69|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|8
|[[File:POL_Zielona_Góra_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Zielona Góra'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |138,476
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|58|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|9
|[[File:POL_Rybnik_COA.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Rybnik]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |128,788
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|148|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|10
|[[File:POL_Ruda_Śląska_COA.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Ruda Śląska'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |127,601
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|78|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver 
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|11
|[[File:POL_Opole_COA.svg|center|34x34px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Opole]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |126,623
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|97|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|12
|[[File:POL_Tychy_COA.svg|center|27x27px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Tychy'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |120,081
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|82|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|13
|[[File:Chorzów_herb.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Chorzów'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |98,418
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|33|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|14
|[[File:POL_Wałbrzych_COA.svg|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Wałbrzych]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |97,546
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|85|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|15
|[[File:Legnica_herb.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Legnica]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |89,919
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|56|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|16
|[[File:POL_Jastrzębie-Zdrój_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Jastrzębie-Zdrój'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |80,527
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|85|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver 
Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|17
|[[File:POL_Jelenia_Góra_COA_1.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Jelenia Góra'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |73,470
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|109|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|18
|[[File:POL_Mysłowice_COA.svg|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Mysłowice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |70,160
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|66|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|19
|[[File:Havirov_CoA.png|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Havířov'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |67,998
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|32|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|20
|[[File:POL_Lubin_COA.svg|center|27x27px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Lubin'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |65,961
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|41|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|21
|[[File:POL_Siemianowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Siemianowice Śląskie'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |62,311
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|25|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|22
|[[File:POL_Żory_COA.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Żory'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |61,857
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|65|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|23
|[[File:Herb_TarnowskieGory.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Tarnowskie Góry'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |61,001
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|84|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|24
|[[File:POL_Głogów_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Głogów'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |60,605
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|35|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|25
|[[File:Wappen_Goerlitz_vector.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Görlitz'''**
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |55,186
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|68|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|GER}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} [[Saxony]]
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|26
|[[File:Opava_CoA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Opava'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |54,881
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|91|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|27
|[[File:Frýdek_Místek_CoA_CZ.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Frýdek-Místek'''*
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |53,164
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|52|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia/Moravia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|28
|[[File:POL_Kędzierzyn-Koźle_COA.svg|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Kędzierzyn-Koźle'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |53,140
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|124|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|29
|[[File:POL_Świdnica_COA.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Świdnica'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |51,357
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|22|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|30
|[[File:POL_Piekary_Śląskie_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Piekary Śląskie'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |51,030
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|40|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|31
|[[File:POL_Racibórz_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Racibórz]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |48,750
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|75|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|32
|[[File:Karwina_herb.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''[[Karviná]]'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |48,684
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|58|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|33
|[[File:POL_Świętochłowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Świętochłowice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |44,621
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|13|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|34
|[[File:POL_Wodzisław_Śląski_COA.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Wodzisław Śląski'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |44,017
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|50|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|35
|[[File:POL_Mikołów_COA.svg|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Mikołów'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |41,478
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|79|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|36
|[[File:POL_Nysa_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Nysa'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |39,887
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|27|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|37
|[[File:POL_Bolesławiec_COA_1.svg|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bolesławiec'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |36,642
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|24|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|38
|[[File:POL_Nowa_Sól_COA.svg|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Nowa Sól'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |35,230
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|22|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|39
|[[File:Herb_Knurów-2018.png|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Knurów'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |34,919
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|34|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|40
|[[File:POL_Oleśnica_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Oleśnica'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |34,676
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|21|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|41
|[[File:POL_Czechowice-Dziedzice_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Czechowice-Dziedzice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |34,564
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|33|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|42
|[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Třinec.svg|center|34x34px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Třinec'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |33,523
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|85|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|43
|[[File:POL_Oława_COA.svg|center|33x33px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Oława'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |32,928
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|27|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|44
|[[File:POL_Brzeg_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Brzeg'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |32,724
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|15|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|45
|[[File:POL_Cieszyn_COA.svg|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Cieszyn'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |32,217
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|29|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|46
|[[File:Wappen_Hoyerswerda.PNG|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Hoyerswerda'''**
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |30,759
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|96|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|GER}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} Saxony
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|47
|[[File:POL_Dzierżoniów_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Dzierżoniów'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |30,014
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|20|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|48
|[[File:POL_Zgorzelec_COA.svg|center|31x31px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Zgorzelec'''**
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |28,095
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|16|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|49
|[[File:POL_Bielawa_COA.svg|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bielawa'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27,480
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|36|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|50
|[[File:Orlová_znak.png|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Orlová'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |27,383
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|25|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|51
|[[File:POL_Lubliniec_COA.svg|center|28x28px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Lubliniec'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |22,931
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|89|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|52
|[[File:Cesky_Tesin_CoA.png|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Český Těšín'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |22,870
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|34|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|53
|[[File:POL_Żagań_COA.svg|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Żagań'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |22,800
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|40|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|54
|[[File:Krnov_znak.png|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Krnov'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |22,303
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|44|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|55
|[[File:POL_Orzesze_COA.svg|center|32x32px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Orzesze'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |22,242
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|84|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|56
|[[File:POL_Świebodzice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Świebodzice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21,469
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|30|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|57
|[[File:POL_Kluczbork_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Kluczbork'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |21,232
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|12|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|58
|[[File:POL_Polkowice_COA_2022.svg|center|27x27px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Polkowice'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20,832
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|24|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|59
|[[File:POL_Łaziska_Górne_COA.svg|center|29x29px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Łaziska Górne'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20,826
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|21|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship
|Iver Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|60
|[[File:POL_Świebodzin_COA.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Świebodzin'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20,480
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|11|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|POL}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship
|Nether Silesia
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|61
|[[File:Bohumin_CoA_CZ.svg|center|30x30px]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bohumín'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |20,234
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{Convert|31|km²|0}}
|{{Flagicon|CZE}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region
|Czech Silesia
|}
&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Anelie pairt in Silesia&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wrocław,_September_2022_07.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wroc%C5%82aw,_September_2022_07.jpg|[[:en:Wrocław|Wrocław]]
File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|[[:en:Ostrava|Ostrava]]
File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|[[:en:Katowice|Katowice]]
File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|[[:en:Gliwice|Gliwice]]
File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Biała.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a.JPG|[[:en:Bielsko-Biała|Bielsko-Biała]]
File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|[[:en:Zabrze|Zabrze]]
File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|[[:en:Bytom|Bytom]]
File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_Górze.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_G%C3%B3rze.jpg|[[:en:Zielona_Góra|Zielona Góra]]
File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|[[:en:Rybnik|Rybnik]]
File:Plac_Jana_Pawła_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plac_Jana_Paw%C5%82a_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|[[:en:Ruda_Śląska|Ruda Śląska]]
File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|[[:en:Opole|Opole]]
File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|[[:en:Tychy|Tychy]]
File:Chorzów_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chorz%C3%B3w_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|[[:en:Chorzów|Chorzów]]
File:Wałbrzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wa%C5%82brzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|[[:en:Wałbrzych|Wałbrzych]]
File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|[[:en:Legnica|Legnica]]
File:Pałac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pa%C5%82ac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|[[:en:Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Jastrzębie-Zdrój]]
File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|[[:en:Opava|Opava]]
File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|[[:en:Brzeg|Brzeg]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Flags and coats of airms==
The signs of Nether Silesia and Iver Silesia hae their founds in the signs of the Piasts of Nether Silesia and Iver Silesia. The coat of airms of Iver Silesia depicts the gowden earn on the blue shiel. The coat of airms of Nether Silesia depicts a bleck earn on a gowden (yallow) shiel.&lt;gallery&gt;
File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|Blasoun of the Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Upper_Silesia|province of Iver Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
File:POL_województwo_śląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Silesian_Voivodeship|Blasoun of the Silesian Voivodeship]]
File:POL_województwo_opolskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Opole_Voivodeship|The blasoun of the Opolskie Voivodeship]]
File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|Blasoun of Duke [[:en:Henry_Probus|Henry Probus]]
File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|Blasoun of [[:en:Austrian_Silesia|Austrian Silesia]] (1742–1918)
File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Lower_Silesia|province of Nether Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|Blasoun of the [[:en:Lower_Silesia_Voivodeship|Nether Silesia Voivodeship]]
File:Znak_Slezska.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Znak_Slezska.svg|Blasoun of [[:en:Czech_Silesia|Czech Silesia]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;Flags wi their colors refer tae the blasoun of Silesia.&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Upper_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Iver Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Silesia Voivodeship
File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|Flag of the Austrian Silesia (1742–1918), an Czech Silesia
File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Silesia_and_Lower_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Nether Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Nether Silesia Voivodeship
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Warld Heritage Steids==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed-hover&quot; widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;160px&quot;&gt;
File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|Kirks of Peace, Świdnica an Jawor
File:Wrocław_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wroc%C5%82aw_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|Centennial Haa, [[Wrocław]]
File:SZTOLNIA_GŁĘBOKA_FRYDERYK_-_część_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastrąga.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SZTOLNIA_G%C5%81%C4%98BOKA_FRYDERYK_-_cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastr%C4%85ga.jpg|Historic Siller Mine, Tarnowskie Góry
File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|Muskau Pairk, Łęknica an Bad Muskau
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Sources==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Silesia|volume=25|pages=90–92}}
*  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Czapliński|editor1-first=Marek|editor2-last=Wiszewski|editor2-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Region Divided - Times of Nation-States (1918-1945)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/64229/Cuius_regio_vol_4.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=4|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-8-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Długajczyk|first=Edward|title=Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939|publisher=Śląsk|year=1993|isbn=83-85831-03-7|location=[[Katowice]]|language=the Polish|trans-title=The Dern Front on the Cieszyn Mairch: Intelligence and Sabotage, 1919–1939|author-link=Edward Długajczyk}}
*  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Wąs|editor2-first=Gabriela|encyclopedia=The Strengthening of Silesian Regionalism (1526-1740)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/73766/Cuius_regio_vol_2.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=2|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-6-5}}
*  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Kulak|editor2-first=Teresa|encyclopedia=Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/79021/Cuius_regio_vol_3.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=3|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-3-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Plater|first=Stanisław|url=https://obc.opole.pl/Content/8541/download/|title=Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę|publisher=Wilhelm Bogumił Korn|year=1825|location=Wrocław|language=the Polish|trans-title=Geography of the Easten Pairt of Europe, or Description of the Kintras inhaibitit bi Sindry Slavic Nations: Amang thaim Prussia, the Duchery of Posen, Prussian Silesia, Galicia, the Republic of Cracow, the Kinrick of Poland, and Lithuania|author-link=Stanisław Plater}}
*  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Przemysław|editor-first=Wiszewski|encyclopedia=The Long Formation of the Region (c. 1000–1526)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/49790/Cuius_regio_vol_1.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2013|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=1|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-1-0}}
*  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Wiszewski|editor-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Permanent Change - The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/76597/Cuius_regio_vol_5.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=5|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-2-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Zahradnik|first=Stanisław|title=Korzenie Zaolzia|last2=Marek Ryczkowski|publisher=PAI-press|year=1992|location=Warszawa - Praga - Trzyniec|language=the Polish|trans-title=The Ruits of Zaolzie|oclc=177389723}}

==Wabsteid links==

* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727142251/http://brws.silesia-region.pl/indexang.php|date=27 July 2007|title=Silesia in Europe page}}
* [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/silesia.htm Map of Silesia in 1763]
* [http://www.vogel-soya.de/bilder/Schlesphoto.html Old postcards from Silesian towns]
* [http://www.schlesierland.de/index.html Photos from Silesian towns, villages and communities before 1946]
* [http://culture.pl/en/article/what-is-silesia What is Silesia?]
* [https://mapy.com/en/zakladni?q=Slezsko%20-%20s%20moravsk%C3%BDmi%20enkl%C3%A1vami&amp;source=area&amp;id=191266&amp;ds=1&amp;x=17.1035242&amp;y=50.7247522&amp;z=7 Borders of Silesia with Moravian enclaves] on Mapy.com

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Poland]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Economy]]
[[Category:Society]]
[[Category:Europe]]</text>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>233896</id>
    <revision>
      <id>922027</id>
      <parentid>921974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-25T11:15:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Improving citations */ updating instructions</comment>
      <origin>922027</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7077" sha1="g8opk6df3wgp5hsh06omrgc81k40g0d" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]]
{{En}}

''Put this as a separate tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]] ?''

So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots?  

'''Not to worry''', as there are a number of tasks with which you can help, and which would be greatly appreciated by the community here!  Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, doing lots of different kinds of editing, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done.   

In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, We're suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome or WikiElf-esque tasks.  But seeing as this is Scots... we're inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]].  

'''Please note:'''  The sco.wiki community has had some very well-meaning non-Scots speakers try to help over the years. We are understandably rather wary of non-Scots speakers trying to fix what they think initially are typos, or do mass edits, or run bots that might make large scale changes to the Wiki, as these kinds of actions can have '''unintended consequences'''.  Scots does not have standardised spelling, for example. And there are some words that really are the same in Scots as they are in English - we'd rather not use vocabulary just because it sounds &quot;more Scottish&quot;, as this can have a distortion effect.      

== The WikiBrounie Manifesto ==
WikiBrounies will:

* Do their best to work on WikiBrounie tasks, therefore freeing up time for editors who are proficient in the Scots language to focus on the text of the Wiki.

* Not engage in language-based edits unless they're ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct.  If in doubt, they do not engage in language-based edits.&lt;ref&gt;(Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.)&lt;/ref&gt;
* If they have an idea for a mass edit / bot, they will seek community consensus and community buy in before proceeding.


If you are happy to sign up to the WikiBrounie Manifesto, then please feel free to add this userbox to your userpage! 

''[[uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie template]]''

''Add the following text to your userpage: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Template:Uiser WikiBrounie}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''

You should also add your name to the list of participants in the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite#Parteecipants|Big Wiki Rewrite project page.]]

''Eg: user:lirazelf (WikiBrounie)'' 

== WikiBrounie tasks ==

=== Adding sources to unreferenced articles ===

* Search for all articles missing sources here: [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]]
** Create a &quot;References&quot; section if there isn't one. (add a References List template from the &quot;+&quot; or &quot;Insert&quot; menu underneath the heading)
** Find sources for the text and add them.
** Whenever you're happy with it, delete the template at the top of the article that says &quot;This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces.&quot;

=== Interwiki links ===
Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles.  This is far from ideal.  These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate.
* Go to [[Special:Search]]
* Search for '''insource:&quot;en&quot; insource:/\[\[:en:/'''
* Click on any article link, and search within the article for &quot;:en:&quot;.
* Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki
* If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove &quot;:en:&quot; part of the link.)
* If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text.

=== Removing bad / unreliable sources ===

Citations to the '''Daily Mail''' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source.

Citations to '''archive.today''' should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace.  Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack_on_Gyrovague_and_Wikipedia's_restrictions|article here.]]
* When removing an archive.today link, it should be replaced with an Internet Archive / [https://web.archive.org/ Wayback Machine] link instead wherever possible.  To do this: 
** Go to https://web.archive.org/
** Take the original URL of the source (not including any archive.today links) and input into the Wayback Machine search. 
** Find and check the most recent capture of the page.
** Paste this URL into the &quot;Archive URL&quot; field in the citation template.  
** &quot;URL status&quot; should be set to &quot;dead&quot;
** Follow all other instructions on the template as usual. 
** ''Before you leave the article, check if there are any additional archive.today links used on that article!'' 
*'''If the page cannot be found on Internet Archive:'''
**Remove the citation entirely, and find an alternative source.  If you cannot find one, please insert the &quot;Citation needed&quot; template. 

Citations to ''The Sun'' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=thesun.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations lead to The Sun, and replace with a more reliable source.

=== Categories ===

* Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] 
** The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|tuim category}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; on the category page.

=== Archive dead external links ===

* Search for articles with dead external links in this category: [[:Category:Airticles wi deid freemit airtins]]
* Find the dead link in the &quot;Freemit airtins&quot; section (could also be something like &quot;See also&quot;)
* Using Internet archive, replace with an archive link. (see instructions above re: archive.today)

=== Improving citations ===
* '''Turning bare URLs into templated citations'''
** Search for articles with bare URLs for citations in this category: [[:Category:Airticles needin airtin rot cleanup]]
** Replace with a proper citation template (using the &quot;Cite&quot; button, for example)
* '''Filling in fields or removing invalid fields - or other citation errors'''
** Search for articles which include citations with errors in any of the subcategories here: [[:Category:CS1 errors]]
*** Identify error in the citation (the error message should help!), and amend.  

== Have an idea for a WikiBrounie task? ==
Excellent!  Please start a message on the talk page so that we can discuss it.    

== Impact ==
WikiBrounies are a valued part of the Big Wiki Rewrite project, and the impact and progress of WikiBrounie tasks are recorded on the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tasks]] page on a regular basis.  If the area you'd like to work on isn't represented please send a message on the talk page and let's discuss how to add it!  

== Footnotes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g8opk6df3wgp5hsh06omrgc81k40g0d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>922029</id>
      <parentid>922027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-25T11:20:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Sara Thomas (WMUK) flittit page [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie]] til [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies]]: flittin tae main</comment>
      <origin>922027</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7077" sha1="g8opk6df3wgp5hsh06omrgc81k40g0d" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]]
{{En}}

''Put this as a separate tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]] ?''

So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots?  

'''Not to worry''', as there are a number of tasks with which you can help, and which would be greatly appreciated by the community here!  Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, doing lots of different kinds of editing, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done.   

In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, We're suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome or WikiElf-esque tasks.  But seeing as this is Scots... we're inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]].  

'''Please note:'''  The sco.wiki community has had some very well-meaning non-Scots speakers try to help over the years. We are understandably rather wary of non-Scots speakers trying to fix what they think initially are typos, or do mass edits, or run bots that might make large scale changes to the Wiki, as these kinds of actions can have '''unintended consequences'''.  Scots does not have standardised spelling, for example. And there are some words that really are the same in Scots as they are in English - we'd rather not use vocabulary just because it sounds &quot;more Scottish&quot;, as this can have a distortion effect.      

== The WikiBrounie Manifesto ==
WikiBrounies will:

* Do their best to work on WikiBrounie tasks, therefore freeing up time for editors who are proficient in the Scots language to focus on the text of the Wiki.

* Not engage in language-based edits unless they're ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct.  If in doubt, they do not engage in language-based edits.&lt;ref&gt;(Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.)&lt;/ref&gt;
* If they have an idea for a mass edit / bot, they will seek community consensus and community buy in before proceeding.


If you are happy to sign up to the WikiBrounie Manifesto, then please feel free to add this userbox to your userpage! 

''[[uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie template]]''

''Add the following text to your userpage: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Template:Uiser WikiBrounie}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''

You should also add your name to the list of participants in the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite#Parteecipants|Big Wiki Rewrite project page.]]

''Eg: user:lirazelf (WikiBrounie)'' 

== WikiBrounie tasks ==

=== Adding sources to unreferenced articles ===

* Search for all articles missing sources here: [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]]
** Create a &quot;References&quot; section if there isn't one. (add a References List template from the &quot;+&quot; or &quot;Insert&quot; menu underneath the heading)
** Find sources for the text and add them.
** Whenever you're happy with it, delete the template at the top of the article that says &quot;This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces.&quot;

=== Interwiki links ===
Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles.  This is far from ideal.  These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate.
* Go to [[Special:Search]]
* Search for '''insource:&quot;en&quot; insource:/\[\[:en:/'''
* Click on any article link, and search within the article for &quot;:en:&quot;.
* Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki
* If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove &quot;:en:&quot; part of the link.)
* If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text.

=== Removing bad / unreliable sources ===

Citations to the '''Daily Mail''' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source.

Citations to '''archive.today''' should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace.  Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack_on_Gyrovague_and_Wikipedia's_restrictions|article here.]]
* When removing an archive.today link, it should be replaced with an Internet Archive / [https://web.archive.org/ Wayback Machine] link instead wherever possible.  To do this: 
** Go to https://web.archive.org/
** Take the original URL of the source (not including any archive.today links) and input into the Wayback Machine search. 
** Find and check the most recent capture of the page.
** Paste this URL into the &quot;Archive URL&quot; field in the citation template.  
** &quot;URL status&quot; should be set to &quot;dead&quot;
** Follow all other instructions on the template as usual. 
** ''Before you leave the article, check if there are any additional archive.today links used on that article!'' 
*'''If the page cannot be found on Internet Archive:'''
**Remove the citation entirely, and find an alternative source.  If you cannot find one, please insert the &quot;Citation needed&quot; template. 

Citations to ''The Sun'' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=thesun.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations lead to The Sun, and replace with a more reliable source.

=== Categories ===

* Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] 
** The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|tuim category}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; on the category page.

=== Archive dead external links ===

* Search for articles with dead external links in this category: [[:Category:Airticles wi deid freemit airtins]]
* Find the dead link in the &quot;Freemit airtins&quot; section (could also be something like &quot;See also&quot;)
* Using Internet archive, replace with an archive link. (see instructions above re: archive.today)

=== Improving citations ===
* '''Turning bare URLs into templated citations'''
** Search for articles with bare URLs for citations in this category: [[:Category:Airticles needin airtin rot cleanup]]
** Replace with a proper citation template (using the &quot;Cite&quot; button, for example)
* '''Filling in fields or removing invalid fields - or other citation errors'''
** Search for articles which include citations with errors in any of the subcategories here: [[:Category:CS1 errors]]
*** Identify error in the citation (the error message should help!), and amend.  

== Have an idea for a WikiBrounie task? ==
Excellent!  Please start a message on the talk page so that we can discuss it.    

== Impact ==
WikiBrounies are a valued part of the Big Wiki Rewrite project, and the impact and progress of WikiBrounie tasks are recorded on the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tasks]] page on a regular basis.  If the area you'd like to work on isn't represented please send a message on the talk page and let's discuss how to add it!  

== Footnotes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g8opk6df3wgp5hsh06omrgc81k40g0d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>922033</id>
      <parentid>922029</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-25T11:21:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tab header</comment>
      <origin>922033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7052" sha1="rufv0dt3xkq7mgva9b8n4s5khw9c1s1" xml:space="preserve">{{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}}
[[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]]
{{En}}

So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots?  

'''Not to worry''', as there are a number of tasks with which you can help, and which would be greatly appreciated by the community here!  Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, doing lots of different kinds of editing, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done.   

In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, We're suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome or WikiElf-esque tasks.  But seeing as this is Scots... we're inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]].  

'''Please note:'''  The sco.wiki community has had some very well-meaning non-Scots speakers try to help over the years. We are understandably rather wary of non-Scots speakers trying to fix what they think initially are typos, or do mass edits, or run bots that might make large scale changes to the Wiki, as these kinds of actions can have '''unintended consequences'''.  Scots does not have standardised spelling, for example. And there are some words that really are the same in Scots as they are in English - we'd rather not use vocabulary just because it sounds &quot;more Scottish&quot;, as this can have a distortion effect.      

== The WikiBrounie Manifesto ==
WikiBrounies will:

* Do their best to work on WikiBrounie tasks, therefore freeing up time for editors who are proficient in the Scots language to focus on the text of the Wiki.

* Not engage in language-based edits unless they're ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct.  If in doubt, they do not engage in language-based edits.&lt;ref&gt;(Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.)&lt;/ref&gt;
* If they have an idea for a mass edit / bot, they will seek community consensus and community buy in before proceeding.


If you are happy to sign up to the WikiBrounie Manifesto, then please feel free to add this userbox to your userpage! 

''[[uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie template]]''

''Add the following text to your userpage: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Template:Uiser WikiBrounie}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''

You should also add your name to the list of participants in the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite#Parteecipants|Big Wiki Rewrite project page.]]

''Eg: user:lirazelf (WikiBrounie)'' 

== WikiBrounie tasks ==

=== Adding sources to unreferenced articles ===

* Search for all articles missing sources here: [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]]
** Create a &quot;References&quot; section if there isn't one. (add a References List template from the &quot;+&quot; or &quot;Insert&quot; menu underneath the heading)
** Find sources for the text and add them.
** Whenever you're happy with it, delete the template at the top of the article that says &quot;This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces.&quot;

=== Interwiki links ===
Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles.  This is far from ideal.  These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate.
* Go to [[Special:Search]]
* Search for '''insource:&quot;en&quot; insource:/\[\[:en:/'''
* Click on any article link, and search within the article for &quot;:en:&quot;.
* Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki
* If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove &quot;:en:&quot; part of the link.)
* If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text.

=== Removing bad / unreliable sources ===

Citations to the '''Daily Mail''' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source.

Citations to '''archive.today''' should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace.  Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack_on_Gyrovague_and_Wikipedia's_restrictions|article here.]]
* When removing an archive.today link, it should be replaced with an Internet Archive / [https://web.archive.org/ Wayback Machine] link instead wherever possible.  To do this: 
** Go to https://web.archive.org/
** Take the original URL of the source (not including any archive.today links) and input into the Wayback Machine search. 
** Find and check the most recent capture of the page.
** Paste this URL into the &quot;Archive URL&quot; field in the citation template.  
** &quot;URL status&quot; should be set to &quot;dead&quot;
** Follow all other instructions on the template as usual. 
** ''Before you leave the article, check if there are any additional archive.today links used on that article!'' 
*'''If the page cannot be found on Internet Archive:'''
**Remove the citation entirely, and find an alternative source.  If you cannot find one, please insert the &quot;Citation needed&quot; template. 

Citations to ''The Sun'' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=thesun.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations lead to The Sun, and replace with a more reliable source.

=== Categories ===

* Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] 
** The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|tuim category}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; on the category page.

=== Archive dead external links ===

* Search for articles with dead external links in this category: [[:Category:Airticles wi deid freemit airtins]]
* Find the dead link in the &quot;Freemit airtins&quot; section (could also be something like &quot;See also&quot;)
* Using Internet archive, replace with an archive link. (see instructions above re: archive.today)

=== Improving citations ===
* '''Turning bare URLs into templated citations'''
** Search for articles with bare URLs for citations in this category: [[:Category:Airticles needin airtin rot cleanup]]
** Replace with a proper citation template (using the &quot;Cite&quot; button, for example)
* '''Filling in fields or removing invalid fields - or other citation errors'''
** Search for articles which include citations with errors in any of the subcategories here: [[:Category:CS1 errors]]
*** Identify error in the citation (the error message should help!), and amend.  

== Have an idea for a WikiBrounie task? ==
Excellent!  Please start a message on the talk page so that we can discuss it.    

== Impact ==
WikiBrounies are a valued part of the Big Wiki Rewrite project, and the impact and progress of WikiBrounie tasks are recorded on the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tasks]] page on a regular basis.  If the area you'd like to work on isn't represented please send a message on the talk page and let's discuss how to add it!  

== Footnotes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rufv0dt3xkq7mgva9b8n4s5khw9c1s1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>922038</id>
      <parentid>922033</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-25T11:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sara Thomas (WMUK)</username>
        <id>49882</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The WikiBrounie Manifesto */ adding uiser template</comment>
      <origin>922038</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7056" sha1="ipnyhxz6rs8ui3e6unfmefqe7p2hh0x" xml:space="preserve">{{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}}
[[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]]
{{En}}

So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots?  

'''Not to worry''', as there are a number of tasks with which you can help, and which would be greatly appreciated by the community here!  Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, doing lots of different kinds of editing, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done.   

In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, We're suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome or WikiElf-esque tasks.  But seeing as this is Scots... we're inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]].  

'''Please note:'''  The sco.wiki community has had some very well-meaning non-Scots speakers try to help over the years. We are understandably rather wary of non-Scots speakers trying to fix what they think initially are typos, or do mass edits, or run bots that might make large scale changes to the Wiki, as these kinds of actions can have '''unintended consequences'''.  Scots does not have standardised spelling, for example. And there are some words that really are the same in Scots as they are in English - we'd rather not use vocabulary just because it sounds &quot;more Scottish&quot;, as this can have a distortion effect.      

== The WikiBrounie Manifesto ==
WikiBrounies will:

* Do their best to work on WikiBrounie tasks, therefore freeing up time for editors who are proficient in the Scots language to focus on the text of the Wiki.

* Not engage in language-based edits unless they're ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct.  If in doubt, they do not engage in language-based edits.&lt;ref&gt;(Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.)&lt;/ref&gt;
* If they have an idea for a mass edit / bot, they will seek community consensus and community buy in before proceeding.

'''If you are happy to sign up to the WikiBrounie Manifesto, then please feel free to add this userbox to your userpage!''' &lt;div style=&quot;display:table;margin:0 auto&quot;&gt;{{Uiser WikiBrounie}}&lt;/div&gt;

'''Add the following text to your userpage: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Uiser WikiBrounie}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''

You should also add your name to the list of participants in the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite#Parteecipants|Big Wiki Rewrite project page.]]

''Eg: user:lirazelf (WikiBrounie)''

== WikiBrounie tasks ==

=== Adding sources to unreferenced articles ===

* Search for all articles missing sources here: [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]]
** Create a &quot;References&quot; section if there isn't one. (add a References List template from the &quot;+&quot; or &quot;Insert&quot; menu underneath the heading)
** Find sources for the text and add them.
** Whenever you're happy with it, delete the template at the top of the article that says &quot;This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces.&quot;

=== Interwiki links ===
Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles.  This is far from ideal.  These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate.
* Go to [[Special:Search]]
* Search for '''insource:&quot;en&quot; insource:/\[\[:en:/'''
* Click on any article link, and search within the article for &quot;:en:&quot;.
* Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki
* If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove &quot;:en:&quot; part of the link.)
* If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text.

=== Removing bad / unreliable sources ===

Citations to the '''Daily Mail''' newspaper should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source.

Citations to '''archive.today''' should be removed and replaced.

* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace.  Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack_on_Gyrovague_and_Wikipedia's_restrictions|article here.]]
* When removing an archive.today link, it should be replaced with an Internet Archive / [https://web.archive.org/ Wayback Machine] link instead wherever possible.  To do this: 
** Go to https://web.archive.org/
** Take the original URL of the source (not including any archive.today links) and input into the Wayback Machine search. 
** Find and check the most recent capture of the page.
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=== Categories ===

* Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] 
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== Footnotes ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Bob Guccione Jr.</title>
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| name         = Bob Guccione Jr.
| image_size   = 170px
| birth_name   = Robert Charles Guccione Jr.
| birth_date   = {{birth_date and age|1955|9|19}}
| birth_place  = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| occupation   = Magazine editor, publisher, foonder o ''Spin'' an ''Gear'' magazines
| years_active = 1978–present
| spouse       = Kimberlin Grace Brown (m. 2001)
}}

'''Robert Charles Guccione Jr.''' (born 19 September 1955) is an American publisher an the eldest son o late ''Penthouse'' foonder Bob Guccione. He foondit the muisic magazine ''Spin''.

== Publishin career ==
In 1978, efter twa attempts at goin intae the publishin business on his awn, the yung, Lunnon-brocht up Guccione wint tae wirk fur ''Penthouse'' publisher General Media Internaitional, a company awned bi his faither, ''Penthouse'' foonder Bob Guccione. Bi the early 1980s, at that time he wis rinnin the mercatin an circulation depairtment, he left the company (an purportit poseetion as heir apparent) tae ance again attempt tae establish his awn braund.

=== Launchin o ''Spin'' magazine (1985) ===
In 1985, wi a loan frae his faither, he launched ''Spin''. In 1987, his faither abruptly shut doun the magazine efter General Media experiencit a financial dip that resultit in a lang-lastin estrangement atween the twa. This estrangement endit a few years prior tae the elder Guccione's daith on 20 October 2010. The yunger Guccione foond new investors an relaunched ''Spin'' in late 1987. He managit tae gaither maist o the magazine's auld staff, an missed anly ane month o publication.

In 1996, Guccione an ''Spin'' wur sued fur sexual harassment an discreemination bi Staci Bonner, a aulder fact-checker fur the magazine. Guccione wis cleared o the harassment chairges, but foond liable fur promotin a hostile wirk environment an nae peyin Bonner comparably tae a man wi a comparable job poseetion.

Guccione selt ''Spin'' tae ''Vibe'' in 1997, an shortly thareefter foondit ''Gear'', that published till 2003. In 2005, science magazine ''Discover'' wis purchased frae Disney Publishing an Guccione formit Discover Media, LLC tae publish the magazine. In 2007, Guccione wis oostit as CEO, in whit wis descrieved bi the ''New York Post'' as &quot;a fawin-oot ower philosophical differences wi his financial backers aboot hou tae rin the company.&quot;

=== ''Gear'' magazine (1998–2003) ===
''Gear'' wis launched an published in the Unitit Kinrick devotit chiefly tae revealin pictorials o popular sangsters, B-film actresses, an models, alang wi airticles on gadgets, caurs, fashion, man tales o sex, an sports.

''Gear'' debuted in September 1998, wi actress Peta Wilson on the kiver. The magazine establisht itsel wi seevral publishin stunts sic as publishin a nude photae o soccer pleyer Brandi Chastain. The publication, that reakit a peak circulation o 500,000 unit selt in 2001, discontinued publication in 2003.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Fremmit airtins==
* {{offeecial wabsteid|http://www.bobguccionejr.com}}
* {{IMDb name|id=2532904}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guccione, Bob Jr.}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Businessfowk frae New York Ceety]]
[[Category:American magazine foonders]]
[[Category:American magazine publishers (fowk)]]
[[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]]</text>
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| image_file        = Gear logo.svg
| image_size        = 200px
| image_caption     = Logo frae the kiver o '''''Gear'''''
| editor            = Bob Guccione, Jr.
| total_circulation = 500,000 
| circulation_year  = 2001
| category          = [[Leet o men's magazines|Men's]]
| company           = Guccione Media
| publisher         = Bob Guccione, Jr.
| founded           = 1998
| finaldate         = 2003
| country           = Unitit States, ithers
| based             = New York Ceety
| issn              = 1099-6494
}}

'''''Gear''''' wis an American men's magazine published bi Bob Guccione, Jr. devotit chiefly tae revealin pictorials o popular sangsters, B-film actresses, an models, alang wi airticles on gadgets, caurs, fashion, sex, an sports.

== History an profile ==
''Gear'' debuted in September 1998, wi actress Peta Wilson on the kiver. The magazine establisht itsel wi seevral publishin stunts sic as publishin a nude photae o wummen's fitbaw celebrity Brandi Chastain.

Guccione descrieved his veesion fur the magazine as bein a successor tae the liks o ''Esquire'' an ''GQ'' an tae produce a leeterate magazine that includes quality jurnalism alangside airticles on celebrities an fashion. Advertisers viewed the magazine as bein mair lik ''Maxim'', ''Stuff'', or ''FHM'', forcin it intae the category o lads mags. Efforts wis makkit tae chynge the magazine's perceivit image bi muivin frae kivers featurin female celebrities tae different kiver images, includin kenspeckle actors sic as Elijah Wood an Christian Slater.

''Gear'' closed in 2003 wi the intention o relaunchin at a later date, hopin tae break oot o the lads mag category as ''Details'' haed duin. The magazine wis descrieved as seemilar tae ''Spin'' foondit bi Bob Guccione, Jr. an aa, an wis praised fur attempts tae achieve the same kin o serious jurnalism. Ann Gerhart o ''The Washington Post'' descrieved the magazine as &quot;the frat lad's ''Esquire''&quot;.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1998 establishments in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:2003 disestablishments in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Magazines establisht in 1998]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2003]]</text>
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| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.</text>
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| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.</text>
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| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.

Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year.

In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018.

''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor.

In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur &quot;Staund Thegither Muisic&quot;, an initiative uised &quot;tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries&quot;. In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest.

In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August.</text>
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| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.

Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year.

In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018.

''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor.

In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur &quot;Staund Thegither Muisic&quot;, an initiative uised &quot;tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries&quot;. In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest.

In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August.

== Beuks ==
In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt &quot;the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism,&quot; includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, &quot;it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism.&quot; Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene.

Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins.

== Year-end leets ==
''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990.</text>
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| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.

Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year.

In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018.

''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor.

In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur &quot;Staund Thegither Muisic&quot;, an initiative uised &quot;tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries&quot;. In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest.

In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August.

== Beuks ==
In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt &quot;the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism,&quot; includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, &quot;it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism.&quot; Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene.

Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins.

== Year-end leets ==
''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990.

=== Airtist o the Year ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1994
|[[The Smashing Pumpkins]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA5|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[PJ Harvey]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA44|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[The Notorious B.I.G.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA65|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Rage Against the Machine]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Eminem]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[U2]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
|[[The Strokes]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA52|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|[[Coldplay]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|[[Modest Mouse]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA46|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA57|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[Lil Wayne]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Kings of Leon]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA25|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA2|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Death Grips]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Mike Will Made It]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[Sia]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Deafheaven]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Billie Eilish]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Run the Jewels]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[Weyes Blood]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Sinéad O'Connor]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=17 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=SPIN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2025
|[[Deftones]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=SPIN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Single o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
! Year
! Airtist
! Sang
! Naition
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1994 || [[Beck]] || &quot;[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA77|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1995 || [[Moby]] || &quot;[[Feeling So Real]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA88|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1996 || [[Fugees]] || &quot;[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA90|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || &quot;[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA86|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || &quot;[[The Rockafeller Skank]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA92|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || &quot;[[No Scrubs]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA80|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2000 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[The Real Slim Shady]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Jan 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || &quot;[[Get Ur Freak On]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=January 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2002 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || &quot;[[In da Club]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Jan 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2004 || [[Green Day]] || &quot;[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA72|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || &quot;[[Feel Good Inc.]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA67|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || &quot;[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA61|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || &quot;[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || &quot;[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA49|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || &quot;[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January–February 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA31|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || &quot;[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA42|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011 || [[Adele]] || &quot;[[Rolling in the Deep]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2011|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || &quot;[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=December 10, 2012|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - &quot;Mercy&quot;|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=January 28, 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || &quot;[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|France}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=January 27, 2020|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || &quot;[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || &quot;[[What Do You Mean?]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || &quot;[[Black Beatles]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || &quot;[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || &quot;Womp Womp&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || &quot;Orange&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || &quot;Boomer&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || &quot;Be Sweet&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || &quot;Home Maker&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 16, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || &quot;[[Not Strong Enough]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Album o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1990
|[[Ice Cube]]
|''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1991
|[[Teenage Fanclub]]
|''[[Bandwagonesque]]''
|{{flagcountry|Scotland}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&amp;pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]]
|''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&amp;pg=PT68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1993
|[[Liz Phair]]
|''[[Exile in Guyville]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&amp;pg=PA40|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[Hole (baund)|Hole]]
|''[[Live Through This]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[Moby]]
|''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA62|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|''[[Odelay]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[Cornershop]]
|''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA91|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Nine Inch Nails]]
|''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Radiohead]]
|''[[Kid A]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[System of a Down]]
|''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=May 7, 2016|work=Loudwire}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[The White Stripes]]
|''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA70|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kanye West]]
|''[[The College Dropout]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|''[[Late Registration]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Against Me!]]
|''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Dear Science]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2022-02-10|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Animal Collective]]
|''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA34|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|''[[David Comes to Life]]''
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Frank Ocean]]
|''[[Channel Orange]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[Yeezus]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]]
|''[[Lost in the Dream]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2022-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|[[Solange Knowles]]
|''[[A Seat at the Table]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|[[The 1975]]
|''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Big Thief]]
|''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Fiona Apple]]
|''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|''[[Glow On]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
| [[Weyes Blood]]
| ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Killer Mike]]
|''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae &quot;yer haurd drive&quot;, acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;/&gt; ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album.

Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1971
|[[Led Zeppelin]]
|''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=26 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1981
|[[King Crimson]]
|''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=April 12, 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1982
|[[Kate Bush]]
|''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>922011</id>
      <parentid>922009</parentid>
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      <text bytes="38800" sha1="mx6mprl1698udwmsx6zx9ltc5hv037z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox magazine
| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.

Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year.

In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018.

''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor.

In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur &quot;Staund Thegither Muisic&quot;, an initiative uised &quot;tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries&quot;. In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest.

In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August.

== Beuks ==
In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt &quot;the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism,&quot; includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, &quot;it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism.&quot; Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene.

Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins.

== Year-end leets ==
''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990.

=== Airtist o the Year ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1994
|[[The Smashing Pumpkins]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA5|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[PJ Harvey]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA44|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[The Notorious B.I.G.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA65|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Rage Against the Machine]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Eminem]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[U2]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
|[[The Strokes]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA52|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|[[Coldplay]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|[[Modest Mouse]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA46|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA57|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[Lil Wayne]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Kings of Leon]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA25|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA2|access-date=2022-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Death Grips]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Mike Will Made It]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[Sia]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Deafheaven]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Billie Eilish]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Run the Jewels]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[Weyes Blood]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Sinéad O'Connor]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=17 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=SPIN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2025
|[[Deftones]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=SPIN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Single o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
! Year
! Airtist
! Sang
! Naition
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1994 || [[Beck]] || &quot;[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA77|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1995 || [[Moby]] || &quot;[[Feeling So Real]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA88|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1996 || [[Fugees]] || &quot;[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA90|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || &quot;[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA86|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || &quot;[[The Rockafeller Skank]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA92|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || &quot;[[No Scrubs]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA80|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2000 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[The Real Slim Shady]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Jan 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || &quot;[[Get Ur Freak On]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=January 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2002 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || &quot;[[In da Club]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Jan 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2004 || [[Green Day]] || &quot;[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA72|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || &quot;[[Feel Good Inc.]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA67|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || &quot;[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA61|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || &quot;[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || &quot;[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA49|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || &quot;[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January–February 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA31|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || &quot;[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA42|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011 || [[Adele]] || &quot;[[Rolling in the Deep]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2011|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || &quot;[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=December 10, 2012|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - &quot;Mercy&quot;|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=January 28, 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || &quot;[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|France}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=January 27, 2020|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || &quot;[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || &quot;[[What Do You Mean?]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || &quot;[[Black Beatles]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || &quot;[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || &quot;Womp Womp&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || &quot;Orange&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || &quot;Boomer&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || &quot;Be Sweet&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || &quot;Home Maker&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 16, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || &quot;[[Not Strong Enough]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Album o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1990
|[[Ice Cube]]
|''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1991
|[[Teenage Fanclub]]
|''[[Bandwagonesque]]''
|{{flagcountry|Scotland}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&amp;pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]]
|''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&amp;pg=PT68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1993
|[[Liz Phair]]
|''[[Exile in Guyville]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&amp;pg=PA40|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[Hole (baund)|Hole]]
|''[[Live Through This]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[Moby]]
|''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA62|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|''[[Odelay]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[Cornershop]]
|''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA91|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Nine Inch Nails]]
|''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Radiohead]]
|''[[Kid A]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[System of a Down]]
|''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=May 7, 2016|work=Loudwire}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[The White Stripes]]
|''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA70|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kanye West]]
|''[[The College Dropout]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|''[[Late Registration]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Against Me!]]
|''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Dear Science]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2022-02-10|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Animal Collective]]
|''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA34|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|''[[David Comes to Life]]''
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Frank Ocean]]
|''[[Channel Orange]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[Yeezus]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]]
|''[[Lost in the Dream]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2022-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|[[Solange Knowles]]
|''[[A Seat at the Table]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|[[The 1975]]
|''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Big Thief]]
|''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Fiona Apple]]
|''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|''[[Glow On]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
| [[Weyes Blood]]
| ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Killer Mike]]
|''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae &quot;yer haurd drive&quot;, acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;/&gt; ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album.

Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1971
|[[Led Zeppelin]]
|''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=26 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1981
|[[King Crimson]]
|''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=April 12, 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1982
|[[Kate Bush]]
|''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.spinmagazine.com}}
* ''[https://books.google.com/books/serial/ISSN:08863032 Spin]''—Fou view on [[Google Books]] frae vol. 1 no. 1 tae vol. 28 no. 3 (Mey-Juin 2012

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spin (magazine)}}
[[Category:1985 establishments in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Bimonthly magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2012]]
[[Category:Magazines establisht in 1985]]
[[Category:Magazines published in New York Ceety]]
[[Category:Muisic magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Onwab magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Popular muisic magazines]]</text>
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      <text bytes="39255" sha1="ssf2zy65jd3us0rnb0knzaxbe85q303" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox magazine
| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.

Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year.

In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018.

''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor.

In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur &quot;Staund Thegither Muisic&quot;, an initiative uised &quot;tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries&quot;. In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest.

In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August.

== Beuks ==
In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt &quot;the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism,&quot; includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, &quot;it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism.&quot; Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene.

Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins.

== Year-end leets ==
''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990.

=== Airtist o the Year ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1994
|[[The Smashing Pumpkins]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA5|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[PJ Harvey]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA44|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[The Notorious B.I.G.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA65|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Rage Against the Machine]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Eminem]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[U2]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
|[[The Strokes]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA52|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|[[Coldplay]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|[[Modest Mouse]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA46|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA57|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[Lil Wayne]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Kings of Leon]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA25|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA2|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Death Grips]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Mike Will Made It]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[Sia]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Deafheaven]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Billie Eilish]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Run the Jewels]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[Weyes Blood]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Sinéad O'Connor]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2025
|[[Deftones]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Single o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
! Year
! Airtist
! Sang
! Naition
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1994 || [[Beck]] || &quot;[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA77|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1995 || [[Moby]] || &quot;[[Feeling So Real]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA88|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1996 || [[Fugees]] || &quot;[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA90|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || &quot;[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA86|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || &quot;[[The Rockafeller Skank]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA92|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || &quot;[[No Scrubs]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA80|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2000 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[The Real Slim Shady]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Jan 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || &quot;[[Get Ur Freak On]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=January 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2002 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=February 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || &quot;[[In da Club]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Jan 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2004 || [[Green Day]] || &quot;[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA72|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || &quot;[[Feel Good Inc.]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA67|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || &quot;[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA61|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || &quot;[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || &quot;[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA49|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || &quot;[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January–February 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA31|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || &quot;[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA42|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011 || [[Adele]] || &quot;[[Rolling in the Deep]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2011|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || &quot;[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=December 10, 2012|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - &quot;Mercy&quot;|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=January 28, 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || &quot;[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|France}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=January 27, 2020|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || &quot;[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || &quot;[[What Do You Mean?]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || &quot;[[Black Beatles]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || &quot;[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || &quot;Womp Womp&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || &quot;Orange&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || &quot;Boomer&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || &quot;Be Sweet&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || &quot;Home Maker&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 16, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || &quot;[[Not Strong Enough]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Album o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1990
|[[Ice Cube]]
|''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1991
|[[Teenage Fanclub]]
|''[[Bandwagonesque]]''
|{{flagcountry|Scotland}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&amp;pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]]
|''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&amp;pg=PT68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1993
|[[Liz Phair]]
|''[[Exile in Guyville]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&amp;pg=PA40|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[Hole (baund)|Hole]]
|''[[Live Through This]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[Moby]]
|''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA62|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|''[[Odelay]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[Cornershop]]
|''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA91|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Nine Inch Nails]]
|''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Radiohead]]
|''[[Kid A]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[System of a Down]]
|''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=May 7, 2016|work=Loudwire}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[The White Stripes]]
|''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA70|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kanye West]]
|''[[The College Dropout]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|''[[Late Registration]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Against Me!]]
|''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Dear Science]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2022-02-10|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Animal Collective]]
|''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA34|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|''[[David Comes to Life]]''
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Frank Ocean]]
|''[[Channel Orange]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[Yeezus]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]]
|''[[Lost in the Dream]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2022-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|[[Solange Knowles]]
|''[[A Seat at the Table]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|[[The 1975]]
|''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Big Thief]]
|''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Fiona Apple]]
|''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|''[[Glow On]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
| [[Weyes Blood]]
| ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Killer Mike]]
|''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae &quot;yer haurd drive&quot;, acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;/&gt; ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album.

Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1971
|[[Led Zeppelin]]
|''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=26 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1981
|[[King Crimson]]
|''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=April 12, 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1982
|[[Kate Bush]]
|''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.spinmagazine.com}}
* ''[https://books.google.com/books/serial/ISSN:08863032 Spin]''—Fou view on [[Google Books]] frae vol. 1 no. 1 tae vol. 28 no. 3 (Mey-Juin 2012

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spin (magazine)}}
[[Category:1985 establishments in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Bimonthly magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2012]]
[[Category:Magazines establisht in 1985]]
[[Category:Magazines published in New York Ceety]]
[[Category:Muisic magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Onwab magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Popular muisic magazines]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>922015</id>
      <parentid>922013</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-24T21:51:50Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="39598" sha1="mmd87ut5955rh75e91hw6p42lls4926" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox magazine
| title = Spin
| logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]]
| image_file = 
| image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]]
| oclc = 801245245
| category = Muisic
| frequency = Quarterly
| founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]]
| firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}}
| country = [[Unitit States]]
| based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S.
| company = Next Management Partners
| language = Inglis
| website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}}
| issn = 0886-3032
}}

'''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024.

== History ==

=== Early history ===
''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman.

In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker.

On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time.

Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled &quot;Wirds frae the Front&quot;.

In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as &quot;Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim&quot;.

In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured.

In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''.

=== Later years ===
Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', &quot;''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin&quot;. In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006.

In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be &quot;less nor $5 million&quot;. That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur.

In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed &quot;a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record&quot;.

In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus.

Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year.

In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018.

''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor.

In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur &quot;Staund Thegither Muisic&quot;, an initiative uised &quot;tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries&quot;. In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest.

In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August.

== Beuks ==
In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt &quot;the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism,&quot; includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, &quot;it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism.&quot; Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene.

Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins.

== Year-end leets ==
''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990.

=== Airtist o the Year ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1994
|[[The Smashing Pumpkins]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA5|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[PJ Harvey]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA44|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[The Notorious B.I.G.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA65|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Rage Against the Machine]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Eminem]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[U2]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
|[[The Strokes]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA52|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|[[Coldplay]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
|[[Modest Mouse]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA46|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA57|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[Lil Wayne]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Kings of Leon]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA25|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA2|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Death Grips]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Mike Will Made It]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[Sia]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Deafheaven]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Billie Eilish]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Run the Jewels]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[Weyes Blood]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Sinéad O'Connor]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2025
|[[Deftones]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Single o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
! Year
! Airtist
! Sang
! Naition
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1994 || [[Beck]] || &quot;[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA77|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1995 || [[Moby]] || &quot;[[Feeling So Real]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA88|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1996 || [[Fugees]] || &quot;[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA90|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || &quot;[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&amp;pg=PA86|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || &quot;[[The Rockafeller Skank]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA92|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || &quot;[[No Scrubs]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA80|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2000 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[The Real Slim Shady]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || &quot;[[Get Ur Freak On]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2002 || [[Eminem]] || &quot;[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || &quot;[[In da Club]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2004 || [[Green Day]] || &quot;[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA72|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || &quot;[[Feel Good Inc.]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&amp;pg=PA67|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || &quot;[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&amp;pg=PA61|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || &quot;[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || &quot;[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&amp;pg=PA49|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || &quot;[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=Januar–Februar 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA31|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || &quot;[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&amp;pg=PA42|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2011 || [[Adele]] || &quot;[[Rolling in the Deep]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|England}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=2011-12-09|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || &quot;[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=2012-12-10|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - &quot;Mercy&quot;|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || &quot;[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|France}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=2020-01-27|access-date=2026-08-24|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || &quot;[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || &quot;[[What Do You Mean?]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || &quot;[[Black Beatles]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || &quot;[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || &quot;Womp Womp&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || &quot;Orange&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || &quot;Boomer&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || &quot;Be Sweet&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || &quot;Home Maker&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=2022-12-16 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || &quot;[[Not Strong Enough]]&quot; || {{flagcountry|USA}} || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=2023-12-22 |access-date=26 December 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Album o the Year===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1990
|[[Ice Cube]]
|''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&amp;pg=PA54|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1991
|[[Teenage Fanclub]]
|''[[Bandwagonesque]]''
|{{flagcountry|Scotland}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&amp;pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]]
|''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&amp;pg=PT68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1993
|[[Liz Phair]]
|''[[Exile in Guyville]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&amp;pg=PA40|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[Hole (baund)|Hole]]
|''[[Live Through This]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|[[Moby]]
|''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&amp;pg=PA62|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1996
|[[Beck]]
|''[[Odelay]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[Cornershop]]
|''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1998
|[[Lauryn Hill]]
|''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&amp;pg=PA91|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1999
|[[Nine Inch Nails]]
|''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2000
|[[Radiohead]]
|''[[Kid A]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&amp;pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
|[[System of a Down]]
|''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=May 7, 2016|work=Loudwire}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[The White Stripes]]
|''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&amp;pg=PA70|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2003
|''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&amp;pg=PA76|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2004
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kanye West]]
|''[[The College Dropout]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&amp;pg=PA68|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|''[[Late Registration]]''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2006
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Spin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|[[Against Me!]]
|''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&amp;pg=PA58|access-date=2022-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2008
|[[TV on the Radio]]
|''[[Dear Science]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2022-02-10|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Animal Collective]]
|''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&amp;pg=PA34|access-date=2022-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[Fucked Up]]
|''[[David Comes to Life]]''
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2022-02-08|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|[[Frank Ocean]]
|''[[Channel Orange]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2013
|[[Kanye West]]
|''[[Yeezus]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]]
|''[[Lost in the Dream]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2022-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|[[Solange Knowles]]
|''[[A Seat at the Table]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|[[Kendrick Lamar]]
|''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|[[The 1975]]
|''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|[[Big Thief]]
|''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Fiona Apple]]
|''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]]
|''[[Glow On]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
| [[Weyes Blood]]
| ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Killer Mike]]
|''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]''
|{{flagcountry|USA}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae &quot;yer haurd drive&quot;, acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;spin20002&quot;/&gt; ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album.

Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;&quot;
!Year
!Airtist
!Album
!Naition
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|1971
|[[Led Zeppelin]]
|''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=26 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1981
|[[King Crimson]]
|''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=April 12, 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1982
|[[Kate Bush]]
|''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]''
|{{flagcountry|England}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
* {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.spinmagazine.com}}
* ''[https://books.google.com/books/serial/ISSN:08863032 Spin]''—Fou view on [[Google Books]] frae vol. 1 no. 1 tae vol. 28 no. 3 (Mey-Juin 2012

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spin (magazine)}}
[[Category:1985 establishments in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Bimonthly magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2012]]
[[Category:Magazines establisht in 1985]]
[[Category:Magazines published in New York Ceety]]
[[Category:Muisic magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Onwab magazines published in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Popular muisic magazines]]</text>
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      <comment>Sara Thomas (WMUK) flittit page [[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie]] til [[Wikipedia collogue:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies]]: flittin tae main</comment>
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      <comment>Sara Thomas (WMUK) flittit page [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie template]] til [[Template:WikiBrounie]]: flittin tae template</comment>
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