Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13826 922111 906857 2026-08-27T12:00:43Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in Infobox an tags 922111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Tozeur | other_name = Tūzir | native_name = {{native name|ar|توزر}}<br />{{native name|ber|ⵜⵓⵣⴻⵔ}} | nickname = Pearl of the Desert | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Tunisia|City]] | motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Tozeur sud tunisien.jpg | caption1 = Statue of Winged Horse | image2 = Tozeur (centre ville).jpg | caption2 = Avenue Farhat Hached | image3 = Musée Dar Cheraït 2019 - 31.jpg | caption3 = Dar Cherait Museum | image4 = Tozeur(js)9.jpg | caption4 = Avenue Habib Bourguiba | image5 = Tozeur01.jpg | caption5 = Hotel Yadis Oasis }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = 115px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Tunisia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Airtin in Tunisie <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|25px]] [[Tunisie]] | subdivision_type1 = Govrenorate | subdivision_name1 = [[Tozeur Governorate]] | subdivision_type2 = Delegation(s) | subdivision_name2 = Tozeur North, Tozeur South | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Chahine Zribi | leader_title1 = Chahine Zribi <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_as_of = 2022 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 41370 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|33|55|N|8|8|E|region:TN|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | postal_code_type = Postal code<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = 2200 | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = | population_demonym = {{langx|ar|توزري(ة)}} ''Tūzri(ya)'' <br /> {{langx|fr|Tozeurois(e)}} }} {{Unsoorced}}[[File:Ouled El Hadef — Medina of Tozeur 03.jpg|thumb|Tozeur (2025)]] '''Tozeur''' ({{lang-ar|توزر}}) is an oasis an a ceety in sooth wast [[Tunisie]]. The ceety is locatit North Wast o Chott el-Djerid, in atween this Chott an the smawer Chott el-Gharsa. It is the caipital o the [[Tozeur Govrenorate]]. Wi hunders o thoosans o [[paum tree]]s, Tozeur is a muckle oasis. The [[Date paum|date]]s that are exportit frae Tozeur are vera weel kent. In auncient times, afore the advent o motorized vehicles, the oasis wis important for the transportation throu the [[Sahara]], which teuk place in caravans. The name o the ceety in antiquity wis Tusuros, it wis an important Roman ootpost. In the ''medina'' (auld ceety) o Tozeur, ane can find traditional airchitectur, fashion an wirkmanship. Lik elsewhaur in Tunisie, the local population is generally vera hospitable towards tourists, an thare are an aa mony tourist facilities. Frae Tozeur ane can mak trips on a camel, explore the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] an get tae ken the ''Chott el-Djerid'', whaur ye can see ''fata Morgana''. {{Commonscat}}{{Stub/TunisieGeo}} [[Category:Populatit places in Tozeur Govrenorate]] [[Category:Oases o Tunisie]] [[Category:Communes o Tunisie]] 3tio7k3evzeopdtsoodv1rfxiej62un 922112 922111 2026-08-27T12:46:42Z CiphriusKane 74958 922112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Tozeur | other_name = Tūzir | native_name = {{native name|ar|توزر}}<br />{{native name|ber|ⵜⵓⵣⴻⵔ}} | nickname = Pearl of the Desert | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Tunisia|City]] | motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Tozeur sud tunisien.jpg | caption1 = Statue of Winged Horse | image2 = Tozeur (centre ville).jpg | caption2 = Avenue Farhat Hached | image3 = Musée Dar Cheraït 2019 - 31.jpg | caption3 = Dar Cherait Museum | image4 = Tozeur(js)9.jpg | caption4 = Avenue Habib Bourguiba | image5 = Tozeur01.jpg | caption5 = Hotel Yadis Oasis }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = 115px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Tunisia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Airtin in Tunisie <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|25px]] [[Tunisie]] | subdivision_type1 = Govrenorate | subdivision_name1 = [[Tozeur Governorate]] | subdivision_type2 = Delegation(s) | subdivision_name2 = Tozeur North, Tozeur South | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Chahine Zribi | leader_title1 = Chahine Zribi <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_as_of = 2022 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 41370 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|33|55|N|8|8|E|region:TN|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | postal_code_type = Postal code<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = 2200 | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = | population_demonym = {{lang-ar|توزري(ة)}} ''Tūzri(ya)'' <br /> {{langx|fr|Tozeurois(e)}} }} {{Unsoorced}}[[File:Ouled El Hadef — Medina of Tozeur 03.jpg|thumb|Tozeur (2025)]] '''Tozeur''' ({{lang-ar|توزر}}) is an oasis an a ceety in sooth wast [[Tunisie]]. The ceety is locatit North Wast o Chott el-Djerid, in atween this Chott an the smawer Chott el-Gharsa. It is the caipital o the [[Tozeur Govrenorate]]. Wi hunders o thoosans o [[paum tree]]s, Tozeur is a muckle oasis. The [[Date paum|date]]s that are exportit frae Tozeur are vera weel kent. In auncient times, afore the advent o motorized vehicles, the oasis wis important for the transportation throu the [[Sahara]], which teuk place in caravans. The name o the ceety in antiquity wis Tusuros, it wis an important Roman ootpost. In the ''medina'' (auld ceety) o Tozeur, ane can find traditional airchitectur, fashion an wirkmanship. Lik elsewhaur in Tunisie, the local population is generally vera hospitable towards tourists, an thare are an aa mony tourist facilities. Frae Tozeur ane can mak trips on a camel, explore the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] an get tae ken the ''Chott el-Djerid'', whaur ye can see ''fata Morgana''. {{Commonscat}}{{Stub/TunisieGeo}} [[Category:Populatit places in Tozeur Govrenorate]] [[Category:Oases o Tunisie]] [[Category:Communes o Tunisie]] od20ut78a0582irheotzt1hm0dnjpvj 922113 922112 2026-08-27T13:31:29Z Cobra 3000 28371 Sortit Frainch language error 922113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Tozeur | other_name = Tūzir | native_name = {{native name|ar|توزر}}<br />{{native name|ber|ⵜⵓⵣⴻⵔ}} | nickname = Pearl of the Desert | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Tunisia|City]] | motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Tozeur sud tunisien.jpg | caption1 = Statue of Winged Horse | image2 = Tozeur (centre ville).jpg | caption2 = Avenue Farhat Hached | image3 = Musée Dar Cheraït 2019 - 31.jpg | caption3 = Dar Cherait Museum | image4 = Tozeur(js)9.jpg | caption4 = Avenue Habib Bourguiba | image5 = Tozeur01.jpg | caption5 = Hotel Yadis Oasis }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = 115px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Tunisia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Airtin in Tunisie <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|25px]] [[Tunisie]] | subdivision_type1 = Govrenorate | subdivision_name1 = [[Tozeur Governorate]] | subdivision_type2 = Delegation(s) | subdivision_name2 = Tozeur North, Tozeur South | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Chahine Zribi | leader_title1 = Chahine Zribi <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_as_of = 2022 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 41370 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|33|55|N|8|8|E|region:TN|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | postal_code_type = Postal code<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = 2200 | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = | population_demonym = {{lang-ar|توزري(ة)}} ''Tūzri(ya)'' <br /> {{lang-fr|Tozeurois(e)}} }} {{Unsoorced}}[[File:Ouled El Hadef — Medina of Tozeur 03.jpg|thumb|Tozeur (2025)]] '''Tozeur''' ({{lang-ar|توزر}}) is an oasis an a ceety in sooth wast [[Tunisie]]. The ceety is locatit North Wast o Chott el-Djerid, in atween this Chott an the smawer Chott el-Gharsa. It is the caipital o the [[Tozeur Govrenorate]]. Wi hunders o thoosans o [[paum tree]]s, Tozeur is a muckle oasis. The [[Date paum|date]]s that are exportit frae Tozeur are vera weel kent. In auncient times, afore the advent o motorized vehicles, the oasis wis important for the transportation throu the [[Sahara]], which teuk place in caravans. The name o the ceety in antiquity wis Tusuros, it wis an important Roman ootpost. In the ''medina'' (auld ceety) o Tozeur, ane can find traditional airchitectur, fashion an wirkmanship. Lik elsewhaur in Tunisie, the local population is generally vera hospitable towards tourists, an thare are an aa mony tourist facilities. Frae Tozeur ane can mak trips on a camel, explore the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] an get tae ken the ''Chott el-Djerid'', whaur ye can see ''fata Morgana''. {{Commonscat}}{{Stub/TunisieGeo}} [[Category:Populatit places in Tozeur Govrenorate]] [[Category:Oases o Tunisie]] [[Category:Communes o Tunisie]] hpfr8celfz6troixk8094khsr0gtr0h 922121 922113 2026-08-27T21:42:35Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Tozeur | other_name = Tūzir | native_name = {{native name|ar|توزر}}<br />{{native name|ber|ⵜⵓⵣⴻⵔ}} | nickname = Pearl of the Desert | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Tunisia|City]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Tozeur sud tunisien.jpg | caption1 = Statue of Winged Horse | image2 = Tozeur (centre ville).jpg | caption2 = Avenue Farhat Hached | image3 = Musée Dar Cheraït 2019 - 31.jpg | caption3 = Dar Cherait Museum | image4 = Tozeur(js)9.jpg | caption4 = Avenue Habib Bourguiba | image5 = Tozeur01.jpg | caption5 = Hotel Yadis Oasis }} | flag_size = 115px | pushpin_map = Tunisia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Airtin in Tunisie | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|25px]] [[Tunisie]] | subdivision_type1 = Govrenorate | subdivision_name1 = [[Tozeur Governorate]] | subdivision_type2 = Delegation(s) | subdivision_name2 = Tozeur North, Tozeur South | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Chahine Zribi | leader_title1 = Chahine Zribi | unit_pref = Imperial | population_as_of = 2022 | population_total = 41370 | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | coordinates = {{coord|33|55|N|8|8|E|region:TN|display=inline,title}} | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 2200 | population_demonym = {{lang-ar|توزري(ة)}} ''Tūzri(ya)'' <br /> {{lang-fr|Tozeurois(e)}} }} {{Unsoorced}}[[File:Ouled El Hadef — Medina of Tozeur 03.jpg|thumb|Tozeur (2025)]] '''Tozeur''' ({{lang-ar|توزر}}) is an oasis an a ceety in sooth wast [[Tunisie]]. The ceety is locatit North Wast o Chott el-Djerid, in atween this Chott an the smawer Chott el-Gharsa. It is the caipital o the [[Tozeur Govrenorate]]. Wi hunders o thoosans o [[paum tree]]s, Tozeur is a muckle oasis. The [[Date paum|date]]s that are exportit frae Tozeur are vera weel kent. In auncient times, afore the advent o motorized vehicles, the oasis wis important for the transportation throu the [[Sahara]], which teuk place in caravans. The name o the ceety in antiquity wis Tusuros, it wis an important Roman ootpost. In the ''medina'' (auld ceety) o Tozeur, ane can find traditional airchitectur, fashion an wirkmanship. Lik elsewhaur in Tunisie, the local population is generally vera hospitable towards tourists, an thare are an aa mony tourist facilities. Frae Tozeur ane can mak trips on a camel, explore the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] an get tae ken the ''Chott el-Djerid'', whaur ye can see ''fata Morgana''. {{Commonscat}}{{Stub/TunisieGeo}} [[Category:Populatit places in Tozeur Govrenorate]] [[Category:Oases o Tunisie]] [[Category:Communes o Tunisie]] 010hl247w7pg1gk5h0f3tmdu0mtc2i8 0 15929 922136 905748 2026-08-27T23:29:40Z Atlantic306 30244 removed archiv today 922136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_note = | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><small>([[Unitit States Census, 2010|2010 Census]])</small><ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table American FactFinder]</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] | footnotes = }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729182021/http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] jhbfka26zvqqw409mib7d5t7tseanyj 922137 922136 2026-08-27T23:38:09Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Twin towns — Sister ceeties */ removed archive today 922137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_note = | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><small>([[Unitit States Census, 2010|2010 Census]])</small><ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table American FactFinder]</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] | footnotes = }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] tj37y71k2jmzu5u1n8s08tut84vdsxz 922138 922137 2026-08-27T23:41:23Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed reference 922138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613222859/http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. via internet archive Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_note = | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><small>([[Unitit States Census, 2010|2010 Census]])</small><ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table American FactFinder]</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] | footnotes = }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] 3ktuniekfr2bxm068p6cm28mbqbb1jz 922139 922138 2026-08-27T23:46:02Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed reference 922139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613222859/http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. via internet archive Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111028/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau via internet archive|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_note = | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><small>([[Unitit States Census, 2010|2010 Census]])</small><ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table American FactFinder]</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] | footnotes = }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] 5uaj6kuin4jq4g3ra76sq11mow4ojpt 922140 922139 2026-08-27T23:53:33Z Atlantic306 30244 removed unresponsive url, not properly archived 922140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613222859/http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. via internet archive Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111028/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau via internet archive|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_note = | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><ref>([[Unitit States Census, 2010|2010 Census]])</small</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] | footnotes = }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] c1foy39lla0rr67em6t5fsa9lj9wf41 922141 922140 2026-08-27T23:54:42Z Atlantic306 30244 ce 922141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613222859/http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. via internet archive Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111028/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau via internet archive|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_note = | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><ref>Unitit States Census, 2010</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] | footnotes = }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] r4rm21oqwl0z12ucr271nbu0cc8riil 922143 922141 2026-08-28T10:11:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement | name = San Juan | official_name = San Juan Bautista | native_name_lang = es | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|Municipality]] | imagesize = 270px | image_caption = The skyline o San Juan featurin the [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], [[University of Puerto Rico]], [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)]], [[Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]], [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]], statue o [[Juan Ponce de León]] | image_flag = Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg | image_shield = Coat_of_arms_san_juan_pr.svg | nickname = La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City), Ciudad Capital (Capital City) | image_map = Locator map Puerto Rico San Juan.png | mapsize = 300px | map_caption = Location o San Juan in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|27|00|N|66|04|00|W|region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwalth (Unitit States insular area)|Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Puerto Rico]] | named_for = [[John the Baptist]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1509<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613222859/http://sanjuan.pr/cultura/historia.aspx San Juan, Ciudad Capital]. SanJuan.pr. via internet archive Retrieved 2010-12-22.</ref> | leader_party = PNP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Jorge Santini|Jorge A. Santini Padilla]] | leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist. | leader_name1 = 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo | leader_title2 = House&nbsp;dist. | leader_name2 = 1,2,3,4,5 | unit_pref = U.S. | area_footnotes = <ref name="poptotal">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111028/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=05000US72127&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=San+Juan&_cityTown=San+Juan&_state=04000US72&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=|title=San Juan and its barrios|publisher=United States Census Bureau via internet archive|year=2008|accessdate=2009-10-26|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_sq_mi =76.93 | area_land_sq_mi =47.82 | area_water_sq_mi =29.11 | area_water_percent = 37.83 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn120.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Puerto Rico's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting - 2010 Census - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> | population_total = 395326 | population_urban = 381931 | population_metro = 2478905 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_sq_mi= 8267 | population_demonym = Sanjuaneros | population_blank2_title = [[Racial group]]s<br /><ref>Unitit States Census, 2010</ref> | population_blank2 = 68.0% [[White fowk|White]]<br/>18.6% [[Black fowk|Black]]<br/>0.8% [[Native Americans in the Unitit States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]<br/>0.4% Asie<br/>0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Paceefic Islander|PI]]<br/>8.2% Some ither race<br/>4.0% Two or more races | timezone1 = [[Atlantic Staundart Time|AST]] (nae [[daylicht savin time]]) | utc_offset1 = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 00901–02, 00906–17, 00919–21, 00923–31, 00933–34, 00936, 00939–40 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|787]], [[Telephone nummers in Puerto Rico|939]] | website = [http://www.sanjuan.pr www.sanjuan.pr] }} '''San Juan''' ({{IPA-es|saŋ ˈxwan}}, ''Saunt [[John the Baptist|John]]''; {{IPA-en|ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn|lang}}), offeecially '''Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista''' (''Municipality o the Caipital Ceety, Saunt John the Baptist''), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an maist populous [[Municipalities o Puerto Rico|municipality]] in [[Puerto Rico]], an [[Territories o the Unitit States#Unincorporatit organized territories|unincorporatit territory]] o the [[Unitit States]]. As o the [[Unitit States Census Bureau|2010 census]], it haes a population o 395,326 makin it the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|42nt-lairgest]] ceety unner the jurisdiction o the Unitit States. San Juan wis foondit bi [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] colonists in 1521, who cried it ''Ciudad de Puerto Rico'' ("Rich Port Ceety"). Puerto Rico's caipital is the seicont auldest European-established ceety in the Americas, efter [[Santo Domingo]], in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="SJCOPRI">{{cite web|author=Magaly Rivera|title=San Juan Capital City|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/city/sanjuan.shtml|publisher=Welcome to Puerto Rico|accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Several historical biggins are locatit in San Juan; amang the maist notable are the ceety's umwhile defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro an Fort San Cristóbal, an [[La Fortaleza]], the auldest executive mansion in conteenous uise in Americae. ==History== San Juan wis foondit in [[1521]] bi [[Juan Ponce de León]]. It wis namit efter San Juan Bautista, or St. [[John the Baptist]] (name gien bi [[Christopher Columbus]]). San Juan is kent as "La Ciudad Amurallada" an aw. This means the "wawed ceety". San Juan haes mony auld [[biggin]]s still staundin the day. Mony [[Spain]]gie [[splorer]]s came durin the [[Age o Diskivery]] an biggit [[fort]]s, [[kirk]]es, an ither [[historical]] biggins. An ensaumple o a vera auld fort is "La Fortaleza". It is kent as "Palacio de Santa Catalina" an aw. In the saxteent century, it wis a Spaingie fortress against [[Carib]]s. Thir wur the fowk [[Indigenous fowks|native]] tae the [[Caribbean]] [[island]]s an [[Central Americae]]. Anither auld biggin is the auldest residence in Auld San Juan, Casas de los Contrasfuertes (Hoose o Buttresses). ==Geografie== San Juan is locatit alang the north-eastren coast o Puerto Rico. It lees sooth o the Atlantic Ocean; north o [[Caguas]] an [[Trujillo Alto]]; east o an [[Guaynabo]]; an wast o [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]. The ceety occupees an aurie o {{convert|76.93|sqmi|km2}}, o which, {{convert|29.11|sqmi|km2}} (37.83%) is watter. San Juan's main watter bouks are [[San Juan Bay]] an twa naitural lagoons, the [[Condado Lagoon|Condado]] an San José.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/geogra.shtml |title=Puerto Rico Geography |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=ToPuertoRico.org }}</ref> ===Climate=== San Juan haes a [[tropical monsoon climate]] an enjoys an average temperatur o {{convert|79.9|F|1}} awtho {{convert|90|°F|0}} or heicher temperaturs are aften felt durin the wetter months o the northren simmer, especially if the winds come frae the sooth. In the winter, temperatures can drop tae aroond {{convert|60|°F}}, tho the average winter law is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The ceulest temperatur iver recordit wis {{convert|60|°F|0}} on 3 Mairch 1957, an the hettest wis {{convert|98|°F|0}} on 9 October 1981.<ref name=TWC/> Rainfaw is well-distributit throuoot the year, but the months o Januar, Februar, an Mairch are the driest; as Februar averages juist unner {{convert|1.95|in|1}} o rain, the ceety faws unner the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport}}</ref> Rainfaw averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, fawin on a average 198.5 days per year;<ref name=NCDC/> despite this dampness, the ceety averages nearly 3,000 oors o sunshine per year, or juist ower 2/3 o the possible tot.<ref name=HKO/> <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location = [[San Juan Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport|San Juan Marin Int'l]], Puerto Rico (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1898–present){{efn|Official records for San Juan were kept at downtown from November 1898 to December 1955 and at San Juan Marin Int'l since January 1956.<ref>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx]</ref>}} |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan record high F = 92 |Feb record high F = 96 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 97 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 97 |Jul record high F = 95 |Aug record high F = 97 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 98 |Nov record high F = 96 |Dec record high F = 94 |year record high F =98 |Jan avg record high F = 87.5 |Feb avg record high F = 88.2 |Mar avg record high F = 90.2 |Apr avg record high F = 91.8 |May avg record high F = 92.7 |Jun avg record high F = 92.9 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 92.7 |Sep avg record high F = 93.5 |Oct avg record high F = 92.8 |Nov avg record high F = 90.3 |Dec avg record high F = 87.7 |year avg record high F = 94.7 |Jan high F = 83.2 |Feb high F = 83.7 |Mar high F = 84.9 |Apr high F = 86.2 |May high F = 87.5 |Jun high F = 88.9 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 89.2 |Sep high F = 89.2 |Oct high F = 88.4 |Nov high F = 85.9 |Dec high F = 83.9 |year high F = 86.6 |Jan mean F = 77.6 |Feb mean F = 77.9 |Mar mean F = 78.9 |Apr mean F = 80.3 |May mean F = 81.9 |Jun mean F = 83.3 |Jul mean F = 83.4 |Aug mean F = 83.7 |Sep mean F = 83.5 |Oct mean F = 82.6 |Nov mean F = 80.6 |Dec mean F = 78.7 |Jan low F = 72.0 |Feb low F = 72.0 |Mar low F = 72.9 |Apr low F = 74.4 |May low F = 76.3 |Jun low F = 77.7 |Jul low F = 78.1 |Aug low F = 78.2 |Sep low F = 77.8 |Oct low F = 76.9 |Nov low F = 75.2 |Dec low F = 73.4 |year low F =75.4 |Jan avg record low F = 67.1 |Feb avg record low F = 67.8 |Mar avg record low F = 68.5 |Apr avg record low F = 70.0 |May avg record low F = 71.8 |Jun avg record low F = 73.6 |Jul avg record low F = 73.6 |Aug avg record low F = 74.0 |Sep avg record low F = 73.7 |Oct avg record low F = 73.0 |Nov avg record low F = 70.9 |Dec avg record low F = 68.9 |year avg record low F = 66.7 |Jan record low F = 61 |Feb record low F = 62 |Mar record low F = 60 |Apr record low F = 64 |May record low F = 66 |Jun record low F = 66 |Jul record low F = 69 |Aug record low F = 68 |Sep record low F = 69 |Oct record low F = 67 |Nov record low F = 65 |Dec record low F = 62 |year record low F =60 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 3.76 |Feb rain inch = 2.39 |Mar rain inch = 1.95 |Apr rain inch = 4.68 |May rain inch = 5.90 |Jun rain inch = 4.41 |Jul rain inch = 5.07 |Aug rain inch = 5.46 |Sep rain inch = 5.77 |Oct rain inch = 5.59 |Nov rain inch = 6.35 |Dec rain inch = 5.02 |year rain inch=56.35 |unit rain days = 0.01 in |Jan rain days = 17.6 |Feb rain days = 13.9 |Mar rain days = 12.2 |Apr rain days = 13.3 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 14.4 |Jul rain days = 18.6 |Aug rain days = 18.5 |Sep rain days = 17.4 |Oct rain days = 17.7 |Nov rain days = 19.6 |Dec rain days = 19.6 |Jan sun = 237.4 |Jan percentsun = 69 |Feb sun = 231.2 |Feb percentsun = 72 |Mar sun = 282.0 |Mar percentsun = 76 |Apr sun = 268.3 |Apr percentsun = 71 |May sun = 255.2 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun sun = 259.4 |Jun percentsun = 65 |Jul sun = 280.8 |Jul percentsun = 69 |Aug sun = 267.8 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 234.7 |Sep percentsun = 64 |Oct sun = 227.2 |Oct percentsun = 63 |Nov sun = 202.4 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec sun = 217.4 |Dec percentsun = 64 |year percentsun = 67 |Jan humidity = 74.0 |Feb humidity = 72.4 |Mar humidity = 71.0 |Apr humidity = 71.3 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 75.9 |Aug humidity = 76.4 |Sep humidity = 76.4 |Oct humidity = 76.9 |Nov humidity = 76.2 |Dec humidity = 74.7 |year humidity =74.6 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (relative humidity an sun 1961–1990)<ref name=NOWData> {{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sju | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = June 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/RQW00011641.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: SAN JUAN L M MARIN AP |deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name = NOAAsun >{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/78526.TXT | title = WMO Climate Normals for SAN JUAN/ISLA VERDE INT'L ARP,PR 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 2014-03-10}}</ref>, [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name=TWC>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | title = Monthly Averages for San Juan, PR – Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = 2011-04-16 | publisher = [[The Weather Channel]] | archive-date = 2012-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212900/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/garden/wxclimatology/monthly/USPR0087 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} </div> ==Ceetyscape== ===Airchitectur=== The airchitectur o San Juan is vera diverse, due tae its size an aw the cultural influences receivit durin its existence. The auldest pairt o the ceety, kent as [[Auld San Juan]], maistly featurs the influence [[Spaingie airchitectur]]. This pairt o the ceety is comprised bi a netwirk o [[Sett (pavin)|setted roads]] uisually surroondit bi auncient, twa-storiet hooses biggit on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structurs hae been restored an serve aither as govrenment offices or museums. Some ensaumples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which nou serve as museum an heidquairter o several cultural organisations; [[La Fortaleza]], which haes servit as the residence o the [[Govrenor o Puerto Rico]] syne the 16t Century; an the Auncient Welfare Asylum, which nou hooses the Institute o Puerto Rican Cultur, amang ithers. Auld San Juan featurs several public squares an aw, lik the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], locatit in front o San Juan City Hall; an cathedrals, lik the [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|title=Viejo San Juan|work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico|author=Grupo Editorial EPRL|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Auld San Juan is notable for bein pairtly enclosed bi massive waws an fortifications biggit bi the [[Spaingie govrenment]] an aw. The airchitectur is mair variet in ither destricts o the ceety. The destrict o [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] featurs a lot o influence frae [[airt deco]], while the destricts o [[Hato Rey, San Juan|Hato Rey]] featur mair modren structurs. ===Destricts=== [[File:Map of San Juan Districts.jpg|thumb|400px|Destricts o San Juan]] Wha is nou kent as Auld San Juan occupeed the wastren end o a rocky islet at the mooth o San Juan Bay. Durin the 20t century, the main population centres surgit well ayond the waws o the auld ceety an ontae Puerto Rico's main island, an mergit wi the existin dounsets east an sooth o Auld San Juan. Wi the annexation o [[Río Piedras, Puerto Rico|Río Piedras]] in 1951, the municipality o San Juan grew fower times its previous size. As a result, the ceety is nou componed o a variety o destricts an neebourheids. San Juan is nou subdividit intae 18 destricts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf |title=San Juan map: Municipo de San Juan |publisher=Welcome.topuertorico.org |accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> 16 o which faw athin the umwhile municipality o [[Río Piedras]]. Aicht destricts are faur subdividit intae sectors, includin twa destricts in the aurie that covered the oreeginal municipality o San Juan. The 18 destricts are: {{div col|cols=2}} # [[Caimito, San Juan|Caimito]] # [[Cupey, San Juan|Cupey]] # [[El Cinco, San Juan|El Cinco]] # [[Gobernador Piñero, San Juan|Gobernador Piñero]] # [[Hato Rey Central, San Juan|Hato Rey Central]] # [[Hato Rey Norte, San Juan|Hato Rey Norte]] # [[Hato Rey Sur, San Juan|Hato Rey Sur]] # [[Monacillo, San Juan|Monacillo]] # [[Monacillo Urbano, San Juan|Monacillo Urbano]] # [[Oriente, San Juan|Oriente]] # [[Pueblo, San Juan|Pueblo]] # [[Quebrada Arenas, San Juan|Quebrada Arenas]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Norte]] # [[Sabana Llana|Sabana Llana Sur]] # San Juan Antiguo ([[Auld San Juan]]) # [[Santurce, Puerto Rico|Santurce]] # [[Tortugo, San Juan|Tortugo]] # [[Universidad]] {{div col end}} ====Auld San Juan==== {{Main|Auld San Juan}} [[File:San Juan 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Streets in Auld San Juan]] Durin the Spaingie colonial times maist o the urban population resided in what is nou kent as [[Auld San Juan]]. This sector is locatit on the wastren hauf o a sma island cried the ''Isleta de San Juan'', which is connectit tae the mainland bi twa brigs an a [[causewey]]. The sma island, which comprises an aurie o 47&nbsp;square miles (122&nbsp;km²), hosts the wirkin-cless neebourheid o [[Puerta de Tierra]] an maist o Puerto Rico's [[:en:Executive Departments of the Government of Puerto Rico|central govrenment]] biggins an aw, includin the [[Puerto Rico Capitol|Commonwalth's Capitol]]. The main central pairt o the ceety is characterisit bi narrae streets made o blue [[cobblestane]] an picturesque colonial biggins, some o which date back tae the 16t an 17t century. Sections o the auld ceety are surroondit bi massive waws an several defensive structurs an notable forts. Thir include the 16t-century [[Fort San Felipe del Morro]] an the 17t-century [[Fort San Cristóbal]], baith pairt o [[San Juan National Historic Site]], an the 16t-century [[El Palacio de Santa Catalina]], kent as [[La Fortaleza]] an aw, which serves as the govrenor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|title=Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan|language=Spanish|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412063451/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sjspanish/60sanjuan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ither biggins o interest predatin the 20t century are the ''Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía'' (Ceety Haw), the ''Diputación Provincial'' an the ''Real Intendencia'' buildings, which currently hoose the [[Puerto Rico Department of State]],<ref>[http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010215414/http://www.estado.gobierno.pr/galeria.htm |date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> the [[Casa Rosa]], the [[San José Church]] (1523) an the adjacent [[Hotel El Convento]], the umwhile hoose o the Ponce de León faimily kent as [[Casa Blanca (San Juan)|Casa Blanca]], the [[Teatro Tapia]], the umwhile Spaingie barracks (nou Museum o Ballajá), ''La Princesa'' (umwhile municipal jyle, nou heidquairterin the [[Puerto Rico Tourism Company]]), an the municipal cemetery o ''[[Magdalena de Pazzi|Santa María Magdalena de Pazzi]]'', locatit juist ootside the ceety waws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.coqui.net/sarrasin/ballaja.htm|title=History of ''El Cuartel de Ballajá'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Coquí.Net |accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|title=Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history)|author=E. Ramirez Brau|year=2005|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042729/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/pazzi.htm|archivedate=2007-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teatro Tapia|publisher=Yahoo Travel|url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i;_ylc=X3oDMTFka28zOGNuBF9TAzI3NjY2NzkEX3MDOTY5NTUzMjUEc2VjA3NzcC1kZXN0BHNsawN0aXRsZQ--|accessdate=2007-05-03|archive-date=2012-03-13|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/668Kz075G?url=http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-2770412-tapia_theater_san_juan-i|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Cathedral o San Juan Bautista]] (construction began in the 1520s) is locatit in Auld San Juan an aw, an contains the tomb o the Spaingie splorer an dounset foonder [[Juan Ponce de León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedralsanjuan.com/|title=Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista |language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-03}}</ref> Auld San Juan, kent as the "auld ceety", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined bi dock slips for lairge [[cruise ship]]s. ====Ither destricts==== [[Image:Skyline of San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|193px|The Central Business Destrict as viewed frae Ocean Park]] East o Auld San Juan lees the walthy tourist-orientit neebourheid o [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]], which occupees laund that uised tae be awned bi entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spaingie railwey developer an Coont o San José de Santurce unner the Spaingie colonial period. Beaches sic as nearbi [[Ocean Park (Santurce)|Ocean Park]], popular wi soummers, [[surfers]] an [[kitesurfers]], are foond aw alang the destrict's Atlantic coastline which is the locus o numerous hotels an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puertoricocheaphotels.com|title=Puerto Rico Cheap Hotels: Condado, Old San Juan, Isla Verde and Ocean Park budget hotels|publisher=Hola San Juan|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Near Condado are twa separate business destricts, [[Santurce, San Juan|Santurce]] an [[Miramar (Santurce)|Miramar]]. Miramar is mainly a residential aurie risin sooth o the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the umwhile ''[[barrio]]'' o Miraflores, as well as drained mairskland an landfill ower which wis biggit San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which wis renamit [[Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport]] in honour o Major [[Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci]] (USAF). Miramar nou hosts the [[Puerto Rico Convention Center]] as well as some o San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. In 2005 Miramar wis designatit an historical destrict o Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miramarpr.com/|title=Informese: Miramar designated a historical district|publisher=MiramarPR|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192026/http://miramarpr.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santurce, oreeginally namit ''San Mateo de Cangrejos'' (Saunt Matthew o the Crabs), wis a dounset for freed African slaves durin the early days o the ceety. Efter Pablo Ubarri socht permission tae link San Juan wi Río Piedras proper via steam tramwey in 1878, the time it teuk tae traivel atween baith pynts wur shortened an tharebi stimulatit the colonisation an growthe o the destrict. At the beginnin o the twintiet century an electric trolley wis installed, the tounship wis split intae three pairts, an its main dounset, mergit wi the ceety, wis renamit uisin the Spainyie spellin o [[Santurtzi]] (''[[Saunt George]]'' in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], Spain. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" ([[Puerto Rico Museum of Art]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapr.org/|title=Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|language=Spanish|publisher=Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an ither important cultural venues are locatit in Santurce. Sooth o Santurce is [[Hato Rey]], pairt o the umwhile municipality o Río Piedras. Hato Rey wis grazin grund for cattle awned bi the ryal govrenment (hence its name, the ''Keeng's Herd'' in Spainyie) as early as the 16t century,<ref name="mini-wall-street"/> and is nou considered the financial centre of the island. A section of this destrict is eften referred tae as ''[[Milla de Oro]]'' (actually {{convert|0.47|mi|km|2|disp=/}} lang) due in pairt tae the mony banks and businesses locatit thare.<ref name="mini-wall-street">{{cite web|url=http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n47/PRSST0847-en.shtml|title=Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best|author=Brenda A. Mari|publisher=The Puerto Rico Herald|date=2004-11-19|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> In the soothren pairt o the ceety is the socially diversifee'd commonty o [[Río Piedras]]. Foondit in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras wis a separate toun which hostit succar cane plantations an the estates o some o San Juan's walthiest indwallers (as well as thair wirkin cless staff). The Spainyie colonial govrenors haed thair simmer hame thare on laund an aw which eventually gae wey tae the main campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]]. In 1951 the municipalities o San Juan an Río Piedras wur mergit tae redefine San Juan's current ceety leemits. The day Río Piedras comprises the lairgest aurie o the municipality o San Juan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the University of Puerto Rico|url=http://www.uprrp.edu/|language=Spanish|publisher=Universidad de Puerto Rico|year=2007|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> an is hame tae the renouned, tradeetional "Plaza del Mercado" (Río Piedras [[Mercatplace]]), the main campus an the Medical Sciences campus o the [[University of Puerto Rico]] an the [[San Juan Botanical Garden]]. ==Sports== Teams based in San Juan hae been notably successfu in athletic competeetion. The [[Santurce Crabbers (basketbaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wan the [[National Superior Basketball League]] championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 an 2003 durin this period bein recognisit as a dynasty. The San Juan Senators an the [[Santurce Crabbers (basebaa)|Santurce Crabbers]] wur the twa major basebaa teams in the ceety, the championship o the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]] a tot o seiventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers are locatit third amang teams wi maire championships in the [[Caribbean Series]], winnin championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 an 2000 edeetions o the tournament. The ceety haes been the host o numerous events athin the sports commonty an aw; some ensaumples include: * Host o the [[1966 Central American an Caribbean Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|title=Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe|language=Spanish|publisher=Unión Pan Americana de Judo|year=1998|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2007-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421164252/http://www.pju.org/nuevo/histjuegoscac.htm#During|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Host o the [[1979 Pan American Games]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII Pan American Games|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|publisher=LA84 Foundation|accessdate=2007-05-06|archive-date=2008-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602041914/http://www.la84foundation.org/8saa/PanAm/san_juan.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[Caribbean World Series]] nine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005|url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|publisher=Latino Baseball|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html|archivedate=2007-02-13|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055513/http://www.latinobaseball.com/cwb-hstatics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Montreal Expos]] played 22 hame gemmes at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] in baith 2003 an 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Dubow|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/baseball/20030602-0938-bbo-puertorico.html|title=Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico|publisher=SingOnSanDiego.com|year=2003|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> The team briefly considered muivin permanently tae San Juan afore relocatin tae Washington, D.C an aw. * Hostit twa roonds o the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official site of the World Baseball Classic|url=http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|publisher=World Baseball Classic|year=2006|accessdate=2007-05-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408080813/http://ww2.worldbaseballclassic.com/2006/index.jsp|archivedate=2007-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref> * Host o the [[1974 FIBA World Championship]] (basketbaa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Year by Year Champions|publisher=Fiba |url=http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/year_by_year_champions.htm|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * Haes been host o the [[FIBA Americas Championship]] five times (1980, 1993, 1999, 2003, 2009). * The first edeetion o [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]]'s pey per view [[New Year's Revolution]] wis held here in Januar 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/newyearsrevolution/history/resultshistory|title=New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment|year=2005|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> * The Latin American Regional [[Special Olympics]] in Februar 2010 * Host o Major League Baseball's 2010 "San Juan Series", three gemmes o the Mets at Marlins held on 28–30 Juin 2010 at [[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]]. The recently biggit $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginnin tae attract islandwide an regional soum meets, as well winter trainin bi tap-ratit mainland U.S. colleges an varsities, includin the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]] an the [[United States Naval Academy]] at [[Annapolis]]. In Julie 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy an its gowf drivin range began operatin atop the ceety's umwhile sanitar landfill in [[Puerto Nuevo (Hato Rey)|Puerto Nuevo]] an will eventually include the ceety's first an anerlie 9-hole gowf course. ===Perfaisional teams=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport !League !Venue |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basebaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basebaw |[[Puerto Rico Baseball League]] |[[Hiram Bithorn Stadium]] |- |[[Cangrejeros de Santurce (basketbaa)|Cangrejeros de Santurce]] |Basketbaw |[[Baloncesto Superior Nacional]] |[[José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum]] or Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coliseodepuertorico.com|title=Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official website|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-05-08|publisher=SMG}}</ref> |- |[[Atléticos de San Juan]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |[[Puerto Rico Soccer League]] |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| title=Afiliados: Atlético San Juan Fútbol Club| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-10| archive-date=2008-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121082957/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/atletico.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Academia Quintana]] |Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League |Hiram Bithorn Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| title=Afiliados: Professional Team Academia Quintana FC| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2012-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224194714/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/prsl/quintana.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |San Juan United | Fitbaw/Balompié (Soccer) |Puerto Rico Soccer League Seicont Division |Sixto Escobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| title=Afiliados: San Juan United Soccer Club, Corp.| publisher=Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol| language=Spanish| accessdate=2010-02-09| archive-date=2009-07-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727055239/http://www.fedefutbolpr.com/afiliados/masters/united.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==Sister ceeties== The follaein ceeties hae been identifeed as sister ceeties bi [[Sister Cities International]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|title=Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean|publisher=Sister Cities International|year=2007|accessdate=2007-06-25|archive-date=2008-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228135435/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Caribbean/PuertoRico|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]] * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cartagena, Colombie]] * {{flagicon|US}} [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, Unitit States * {{flagicon|US}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], Florida, Unitit States * {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]] * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Philippines]] * {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]], [[Dominican Republic]] ===Twin towns — Sister ceeties=== [[Killeen, Texas]] is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centraltexasnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=13660740 |title=Killeen and San Juan, Puerto Rico now "sister cities" - kcentv.com - KCEN HD - Waco, Temple, and Killeen |publisher=Centraltexasnow.com |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2012-11-25 |archive-date=2012-07-29 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o North American caipitals}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Juan, Puerto Rico}} [[Category:1508 establishments]] [[Category:1521 establishments]] [[Category:Caipitals o poleetical diveesions in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Caipitals in North Americae]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan, Puerto Rico| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Bermuda Triangle]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Puerto Rico]] [[Category:San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Municipalities o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:1520s establishments in the Spaingie Empire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1500s]] ro3kobe0ypyo8xd3fh4tkjy8yp50cii 0 40138 922133 829573 2026-08-27T23:17:27Z Atlantic306 30244 removed arcive today 922133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Safita Destrict''' ({{lang-ar|'''منطقة صافيتا'''}}) is a [[destrict]] ([[mantiqah]]) o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]] in [[Sirie]]. At the 2004 Census it haed a population o 129,632.<ref>[http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf 2004 official census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310211017/http://www.cbssyr.org/General |date=2013-03-10 }}</ref> The centre o the destrict is the [[Ceety|ceety]] o [[Safita]]. ==Diveesions== The destrict o Safita is dividit intae sax sub-destricts or [[Nahiyah|Nāḥiyas]] (population accordin tae 2004 offeecial census): *[[Safita]] nahiyah (ناحية صافيتا): population 60,172.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-15-2004.htm |title=Safita nahiyah population |publisher=Cbssyr.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2020-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108233907/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-15-2004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Mashta Al-Helou]] nahiyah (ناحية مشتى الحلو): population 12,577.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-16-2004.htm |title=Mashta Al-Helou nahiyah population |publisher=Cbssyr.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2013-01-12 |archive-url=|url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al-Barqiyeh]] nahiyah (ناحية البارقية): population 7,336.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-17-2004.htm |title=Al-Barqiyeh nahiyah population |publisher=Cbssyr.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2019-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215214918/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-17-2004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sebei, Sirie|Sebei]] nahiyah (ناحية سبة): population 7,614.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-18-2004.htm |title=Sebei nahiyah population |publisher=Cbssyr.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2019-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216000102/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-18-2004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Al-Sisniyeh]] nahiyah (ناحية السيسنية): population 22,018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-19-2004.htm |title=Al-Saisaniyeh nahiyah population |publisher=Cbssyr.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2019-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215220506/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-19-2004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Ras Al-Kheshufeh]] nahiyah (ناحية رأس الخشوفة): population 19,915.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-20-2004.htm |title=Ras Al-Kheshufeh nahiyah population |publisher=Cbssyr.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-02 |archive-date=2019-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214080857/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB10-20-2004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Sirie-destricts|Tartus=yes}} [[Category:Safita Destrict]] b8u0do59ep6cwrhrnhj7j9ak1rt1n5r 922134 922133 2026-08-27T23:25:05Z Atlantic306 30244 removed references as they are all dead links witout a proper archive just website coming page or access forbidden page 922134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Safita Destrict''' ({{lang-ar|'''منطقة صافيتا'''}}) is a [[destrict]] ([[mantiqah]]) o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]] in [[Sirie]]. At the 2004 Census it haed a population o 129,632.<ref>[http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf 2004 official census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310211017/http://www.cbssyr.org/General |date=2013-03-10 }}</ref> The centre o the destrict is the [[Ceety|ceety]] o [[Safita]]. ==Diveesions== The destrict o Safita is dividit intae sax sub-destricts or [[Nahiyah|Nāḥiyas]] (population accordin tae 2004 offeecial census): *[[Safita]] nahiyah (ناحية صافيتا): population 60,172. *[[Mashta Al-Helou]] nahiyah (ناحية مشتى الحلو): population 12,577. *[[Al-Barqiyeh]] nahiyah (ناحية البارقية): population 7,336. *[[Sebei, Sirie|Sebei]] nahiyah (ناحية سبة): population 7,614. *[[Al-Sisniyeh]] nahiyah (ناحية السيسنية): population 22,018. *[[Ras Al-Kheshufeh]] nahiyah (ناحية رأس الخشوفة): population 19,915. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Sirie-destricts|Tartus=yes}} [[Category:Safita Destrict]] rxcl9i0itt2vfwdwqesuf8itkaptgq5 922135 922134 2026-08-27T23:26:23Z Atlantic306 30244 ermoved unarchived url 922135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Safita Destrict''' ({{lang-ar|'''منطقة صافيتا'''}}) is a [[destrict]] ([[mantiqah]]) o the [[Tartus Govrenorate]] in [[Sirie]]. At the 2004 Census it haed a population o 129,632.<ref>2004 official census</ref> The centre o the destrict is the [[Ceety|ceety]] o [[Safita]]. ==Diveesions== The destrict o Safita is dividit intae sax sub-destricts or [[Nahiyah|Nāḥiyas]] (population accordin tae 2004 offeecial census): *[[Safita]] nahiyah (ناحية صافيتا): population 60,172. *[[Mashta Al-Helou]] nahiyah (ناحية مشتى الحلو): population 12,577. *[[Al-Barqiyeh]] nahiyah (ناحية البارقية): population 7,336. *[[Sebei, Sirie|Sebei]] nahiyah (ناحية سبة): population 7,614. *[[Al-Sisniyeh]] nahiyah (ناحية السيسنية): population 22,018. *[[Ras Al-Kheshufeh]] nahiyah (ناحية رأس الخشوفة): population 19,915. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Sirie-destricts|Tartus=yes}} [[Category:Safita Destrict]] h9aojtdstlprrdy60u6ytrh6bg4m5fd 0 41761 922120 893876 2026-08-27T21:42:18Z ~2026-46880-21 136345 Correction of many mistakes, possibly caused by automatic translation. 922120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person | name = Mkhitar Sparapet <br/> Մխիթար Սպարապետ | image = | caption = | birth_date = ? | death_date = 1730 | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = A tomb in a gorge near [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. | birth_place = | death_place = Murthered bi Armenie veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]]. | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = Armenie naitional muivement | branch = | serviceyears = 1722/5-1728; 1728-1730 | rank = [[Sparapet]] | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''Mkhitar Sparapet''' ({{lang-hy|Մխիթար Սպարապետ}}; [[Sparapet]] meaning "general", "constable" or rather "supreme commander of the armed forces") (?-1730) was an 18th century Armenian national hero and participant in the struggle for preserving the Armenian heritage in the [[Zangezur]] region o Transcaucasia. He was instrumental in [[David Bek]]'s victories over the forces of [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Iran]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]] in Armenia's Zangezur region. Their main headquarters were at the fortress of [[Halidzor Fortress|Halidzor]] which served as the administrative centre for Syunik. Mkhitar served as chief aide to Bek and later his successor after his death in 1728. In 1730, Mkhitar wis murdered by Armenian villagers of [[Khndzoresk]], who had implored him to his own fortifications destroyed during ühis conflicts rather than their village. His head was presented to the Ottoman Pasha at [[Tabriz]], who found this act of treachery detestable an had the murderers decapitated. The tomb o Mkhitar Sparapet is locatedäm in a gorge not far from [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] and Auld Khndzoresk. == Popular cultur == Mkhitar wis ane o the characters o the Soviet "David Bek" film o 1944. Anither movie, made in 1978 bi Armenfilmand Mosfilm, bore the name o Mkhitar Sparapet an enjoyed success in the [[Armenie Soviet Socialist Republic]]. == References == * {{citation|last=Kiesling |first=Brady |title=Rediscovering Armenia: Guide |publisher=Matit Graphic Design Studio |location=[[Yerevan, Armenia]] |year=2005}} * {{RediscoveringArmenia|96}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sparapet, Mkhitar}} [[Category:Year o birth missin]] [[Category:Armenie revolutionaries]] [[Category:1730 daiths]] gsi71u9zmynjylyzqvt2772l0ei3um0 922122 922120 2026-08-27T21:43:06Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Revertit edit o ~2026-46880-21, chynged back tae last version bi Magioladitis 893876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person | name = Mkhitar Sparapet <br/> Մխիթար Սպարապետ | image = | caption = | birth_date = ? | death_date = 1730 | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = A tomb in a gorge near [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. | birth_place = | death_place = Murthered bi Armenie veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]]. | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = Armenie naitional muivement | branch = | serviceyears = 1722/5-1728; 1728-1730 | rank = [[Sparapet]] | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''Mkhitar Sparapet''' ({{lang-hy|Մխիթար Սպարապետ}}; [[Sparapet]] meanin "general", "constable" or rather "supreme commander o the airmit forces") (?-1730) wis an 18t century Armenie naitional hero an pairticipant in the struggle for preservin the Armenie heritage in the [[Zangezur]] region o Transcaucasie. He wis instrumental in [[David Bek]]'s victories ower the forces o [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Iran]] an the [[Ottoman Empire]] in Armenie's Zangezur region. Thair main heidquarters wur at the fortress o [[Halidzor Fortress|Halidzor]] which servit as the admeenistrative centre for Syunik an aw. Mkhitar servit as chief aide tae Bek an later his successor efter his daith in 1728. In 1730, Mkhitar wis murthert bi Armeniee veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]], who haed implored him tae hae his awn fortifications destroyed durin his conflicts rather than thair veelage. His heid wis presentit tae the Ottoman Pasha at [[Tabriz]], who foond this act o treachery detestable an haed the murtherers decapitatit. The tomb o Mkhitar Sparapet is locatit in a gorge no far frae [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. == Popular cultur == Mkhitar wis ane o the characters o the Soviet "David Bek" film o 1944. Anither movie, made in 1978 bi Armenfilmand Mosfilm, bore the name o Mkhitar Sparapet an enjoyed success in the [[Armenie Soviet Socialist Republic]]. == References == * {{citation|last=Kiesling |first=Brady |title=Rediscovering Armenia: Guide |publisher=Matit Graphic Design Studio |location=[[Yerevan, Armenia]] |year=2005}} * {{RediscoveringArmenia|96}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sparapet, Mkhitar}} [[Category:Year o birth missin]] [[Category:Armenie revolutionaries]] [[Category:1730 daiths]] 676hd2palig3fqr0a8j7b6rsiljx7jr 922124 922122 2026-08-27T21:44:42Z ~2026-46880-21 136345 /* Popular cultur */ Correction of many mistakes, possibly caused by automatic translation. 922124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person | name = Mkhitar Sparapet <br/> Մխիթար Սպարապետ | image = | caption = | birth_date = ? | death_date = 1730 | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = A tomb in a gorge near [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. | birth_place = | death_place = Murthered bi Armenie veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]]. | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = Armenie naitional muivement | branch = | serviceyears = 1722/5-1728; 1728-1730 | rank = [[Sparapet]] | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''Mkhitar Sparapet''' ({{lang-hy|Մխիթար Սպարապետ}}; [[Sparapet]] meanin "general", "constable" or rather "supreme commander o the airmit forces") (?-1730) wis an 18t century Armenie naitional hero an pairticipant in the struggle for preservin the Armenie heritage in the [[Zangezur]] region o Transcaucasie. He wis instrumental in [[David Bek]]'s victories ower the forces o [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Iran]] an the [[Ottoman Empire]] in Armenie's Zangezur region. Thair main heidquarters wur at the fortress o [[Halidzor Fortress|Halidzor]] which servit as the admeenistrative centre for Syunik an aw. Mkhitar servit as chief aide tae Bek an later his successor efter his daith in 1728. In 1730, Mkhitar wis murthert bi Armeniee veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]], who haed implored him tae hae his awn fortifications destroyed durin his conflicts rather than thair veelage. His heid wis presentit tae the Ottoman Pasha at [[Tabriz]], who foond this act o treachery detestable an haed the murtherers decapitatit. The tomb o Mkhitar Sparapet is locatit in a gorge no far frae [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. == Popular cultur == Mkhitar was one of the characters of the Soviet "David Bek" film of 1944. Another movie, made in 1978 by Armenfilm and Mosfilm, bore the name of Mkhitar Sparapet and enjoyed success in the [[Armenia Soviet Socialist Republic]]. == References == * {{citation|last=Kiesling |first=Brady |title=Rediscovering Armenia: Guide |publisher=Matit Graphic Design Studio |location=[[Yerevan, Armenia]] |year=2005}} * {{RediscoveringArmenia|96}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sparapet, Mkhitar}} [[Category:Year o birth missin]] [[Category:Armenie revolutionaries]] [[Category:1730 daiths]] kary0ve9u6zvaq077l9xm0vd19mqdp8 922126 922124 2026-08-27T21:45:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Revertit edit o ~2026-46880-21, chynged back tae last version bi Mr.Murdoch78 893876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person | name = Mkhitar Sparapet <br/> Մխիթար Սպարապետ | image = | caption = | birth_date = ? | death_date = 1730 | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = A tomb in a gorge near [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. | birth_place = | death_place = Murthered bi Armenie veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]]. | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = Armenie naitional muivement | branch = | serviceyears = 1722/5-1728; 1728-1730 | rank = [[Sparapet]] | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''Mkhitar Sparapet''' ({{lang-hy|Մխիթար Սպարապետ}}; [[Sparapet]] meanin "general", "constable" or rather "supreme commander o the airmit forces") (?-1730) wis an 18t century Armenie naitional hero an pairticipant in the struggle for preservin the Armenie heritage in the [[Zangezur]] region o Transcaucasie. He wis instrumental in [[David Bek]]'s victories ower the forces o [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Iran]] an the [[Ottoman Empire]] in Armenie's Zangezur region. Thair main heidquarters wur at the fortress o [[Halidzor Fortress|Halidzor]] which servit as the admeenistrative centre for Syunik an aw. Mkhitar servit as chief aide tae Bek an later his successor efter his daith in 1728. In 1730, Mkhitar wis murthert bi Armeniee veelagers o [[Khndzoresk]], who haed implored him tae hae his awn fortifications destroyed durin his conflicts rather than thair veelage. His heid wis presentit tae the Ottoman Pasha at [[Tabriz]], who foond this act o treachery detestable an haed the murtherers decapitatit. The tomb o Mkhitar Sparapet is locatit in a gorge no far frae [[Nerkin Khndzoresk]] an Auld Khndzoresk. == Popular cultur == Mkhitar wis ane o the characters o the Soviet "David Bek" film o 1944. Anither movie, made in 1978 bi Armenfilmand Mosfilm, bore the name o Mkhitar Sparapet an enjoyed success in the [[Armenie Soviet Socialist Republic]]. == References == * {{citation|last=Kiesling |first=Brady |title=Rediscovering Armenia: Guide |publisher=Matit Graphic Design Studio |location=[[Yerevan, Armenia]] |year=2005}} * {{RediscoveringArmenia|96}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sparapet, Mkhitar}} [[Category:Year o birth missin]] [[Category:Armenie revolutionaries]] [[Category:1730 daiths]] 676hd2palig3fqr0a8j7b6rsiljx7jr 0 57838 922142 912135 2026-08-28T05:45:27Z CommonsDelinker 411 Removin' "Noemi-25.jpg", it haes bin deletit frum Commons by [[commons:User:Krd|Krd]] coz: No permission since 20 August 2026. 922142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |image = |image_size = 200 |name = Noemi |background = solo_singer |birth_name = Veronica Scopelliti |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|1|25|df=y}} |death_date = |origin = [[Roum]] {{ITA}} |Instruments = [[Human voice|Vocals]], [[piano]], [[keybuird instrument|keybuird]], [[guitar]] |genre = [[Pop muisic|pop]], [[rock muisic|rock]], R&B, blues, jazz |Occupation(s) = [[Sangster]]-[[sangwriter]] |years_active = [[2009]]–present |label = [[Sony Music]] |website = [http://www.noemiofficial.it/ noemiofficial.it]<br />[http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ arcadinoemi.it] }} '''Veronica Scopelliti''' (born [[25 Januar]] [[1982]] - [[Roum]], [[Italy]]), kent as '''Noemi''', is an [[Italians|Italian]] sangster an sangwriter. ==Discografie== ===Studio albums=== * [[2009]] - ''Sulla mia pelle'' * [[2011]] - ''RossoNoemi'' ===Live albums=== * [[2012]] - ''RossoLive'' ===Extended play=== * [[2009]] - ''Noemi'' ===Singles=== * [[2009]] - ''Briciole'' * [[2009]] - ''L'amore si odia'' * [[2010]] - ''Per tutta la vita'' * [[2010]] - ''Vertigini'' * [[2011]] - ''Vuoto a perdere'' * [[2011]] - ''Odio tutti i cantanti'' * [[2011]] - ''Poi inventi il modo'' * [[2012]] - ''Sono solo parole'' * [[2012]] - ''La promessa'' * [[2012]] - ''In un giorno qualunque'' * [[2012]] - ''Se non è amore'' ==Sanremo Festival== * [[2010]] - ''Per tutta la vita'': 4^th * [[2012]] - ''Sono solo parole'': 3^rd ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Noemi (singer)}} * [http://www.noemiofficial.it/ Noemiofficial.it] * [http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ Arcadinoemi.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724051735/http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ |date=2010-07-24 }} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Italian female sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Roum]] 5nqnpdnm67j3i3diq9qj2ndipm4ij65 0 73167 922117 922098 2026-08-27T21:38:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Royal Borough of Greenwich]] til [[Ryal Burgh o Greenwich]]: Misspelt title 922098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox London Borough | name = Ryal Burgh o Greenwich | motto = We Govern by Serving | short_name = Greenwich | imagename = Greenwich UK locator map.svg | image_shield = Greenwich2012arms.png | arms_article = Coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich | status = [[Ryal burgh]] | area_rank = 302nd | area_km2 = 47.35 | ons_code = 00AL | gss_code = E09000011 | adminhq = [[Woolwich]] | url = http://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk | leadership = Leader & Cabinet | leader = Cllr Chris Roberts | mayor = Cllr Jim Gillman | mps = [[Teresa Pearce]]<br>[[Clive Efford]]<br>[[Nick Raynsford]] | gla_constituency = Greenwich and Lewisham | gla_member = [[Len Duvall]] | postcode_areas = {{postcode|SE}}, {{postcode|DA}} | dial_codes = [[:020]] }} The '''Ryal Burgh o Greenwich''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-LBGreenwich.ogg|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n|ɪ|tʃ}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|n|ɪ|dʒ}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|n|ɪ|tʃ}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n|ɪ|dʒ}})<ref>{{OED|Greenwich}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (David Jones)|year=2011|editor1-first=Peter|editor1-last=Roach|editor2-first=Jane|editor2-last=Setter|editor3-first=John|editor3-last=Esling|edition=18th|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> is an [[Lunnon burgh]] in sooth-east Lunnon, Ingland. Takkin its name frae the historic toun o [[Greenwich]], the London Borough of Greenwich wis formit in 1965 bi the amalgamation o the umwhile area o the [[Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich]] wi pairt o the [[Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich]] tae the east. The local cooncil is [[Greenwich London Borough Council|Greenwich Borough Council]]. Greenwich is warld famous as the traditional location o the [[Prime Meridian]], on which aw [[Coordinatit Universal Time]] is based. The Prime Meridian runnin throu Greenwich an the [[Greenwich Observatory]] is whaur the designation [[Greenwich Mean Time]], or [[GMT]] begoud, an on whilk aw warld times are based. In 2012, Greenwich wis leetit as a tap ten global destination bi [[Frommer's]] – the anely UK destination tae be leetit. Greenwich wis ane o sax host burghs for the [[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London Olympics]] an events wur haudit at the [[Royal Artillery Barracks]] (Shooting), [[Greenwich Park]] ([[Equestrianism]]) an [[The O2 (London)|The O₂]]-umwhile [[Millennium Dome]] (Gymnastics; Basketball). Tae mark the [[Diamond Jubilee o Elizabeth II]], Greenwich becam a [[:en:List of UK place names with royal patronage#Royal Borough|Royal Borough]] on 3 Februar 2012, owin in pairt tae its historic links wi the [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Ryal Faimily]], an tae its [[UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid]] status as hame o the Prime Meridian.<ref name="royal">{{cite web | url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/Greenwich/LeisureCulture/RoyalGreenwich/RoyalGreenwich.htm | title=Greenwich to become Royal Borough | date=5 January 2010 | accessdate=5 January 2010 | publisher=Greenwich London Borough Council | archive-date=2010-01-05 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mYjJHOZA?url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/Greenwich/LeisureCulture/RoyalGreenwich/RoyalGreenwich.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenwich.gov.uk/press/article/61/greenwich_to_become_royal_borough_on_3_february|title=Greenwich to become Royal Borough on 3 February|date=9 January 2012|publisher=Greenwich Council|accessdate=14 January 2012|archive-date=2012-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719102624/https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/press/article/61/greenwich_to_become_royal_borough_on_3_february|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[Letters Patent]] dated 3 February 2012 {{London Gazette|issue=60205|startpage=13300|date=11 July 2012}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} *[http://www.londonremade.com/mgpc2.asp "The Mayor's Green Procurement Code"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808005417/http://londonremade.com/mgpc2.asp |date=2007-08-08 }}, ''Level A1''. Retrieved 26 September 2007. ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.greenwich.gov.uk Greenwich Council] {{DEFAULTSORT:London Borough Of Greenwich}} [[Category:Lunnon burghs|Greenwich]] [[Category:Local authorities adjoinin the River Thames|Greenwich]] [[Category:Royal Borough of Greenwich| ]] [[Category:Airticles includin recordit pronunciations (UK Inglis)]] [[Category:1965 establishments]] [[Category:Places wi ryal patronage in Lunnon]] [[Category:1960s establishments in Europe]] 7qpb9lnx7v4ijpvkk4c8s9ekzofm0fi 0 94423 922119 922103 2026-08-27T21:39:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Rusyns | pop = '''75,000–110,000'''{{efn|The tot feegur is ainly an estimate - the sum o aw the referenced populations ablo.}}<br />(est. 1.2-1.6 million)<ref name="Magosci">{{cite journal|author=Paul Magocsi|authorlink=Paul Robert Magocsi|url=http://www.litopys.org.ua/rizne/magocie.htm|year=1995|title=The Rusyn Question|journal=Political Thought|volume=2-3|issue=6}}</ref><ref name="GRE2016">{{cite book|title=РУСИ́НЫ|url=https://bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/3520892|author=М. Ю. Дронов|work=[[Great Russian Encyclopedia]]|year=2016|publisher=Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Entsiklopediya, [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]|language=Russian|quote=В этногенезе Р. приняли участие потомки племени белых хорватов, выходцы из др. вост.–слав. земель и др.|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2019-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620155323/https://bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/3520892|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region1 = {{flagcountry|Slovakia}} | pop1 = 33,482 | ref1 = <ref>{{cite web|url= http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120417151247/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf|archivedate= 2012-04-17|title= Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts|language= sk|publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|date= 2011}}</ref> | region3 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}} | pop3 = 10,183–32,386 | ref3 = <ref name="ukraine">{{cite web|url= http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul2/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.5W&k_t=00&p=0&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1|script-title= uk:Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова|trans-title= Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language|language= uk|work= ukrcensus.gov.ua|date= 2001|accessdate= 4 March 2016}} [http://haidamaka.org.ua/obr/maps/mapa2.jpg Карта говорів української мови] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225092118/http://haidamaka.org.ua/obr/maps/mapa2.jpg |date=2021-02-25 }}, 10.10.2008; [http://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/088/88994.htm Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. ''Русины''. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907)], 10.10.2008; [http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rue Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. ''Rusyn''. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005)], 10.10.2008; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720162001/http://www.eurominority.eu/version/eng/minority-detail.asp?id_minorities=208 Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. ''Ruthenians''. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008], 10.10.2008.</ref> | region4 = {{flagcountry|Serbia}} | pop4 = 14,246 | ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|script-title= sr:Становништво према националној припадности|trans-title= Population by ethnicity|language= sr|url= http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/ReportResultView.aspx?rptId=1210|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193601/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/ReportResultView.aspx?rptId=1210|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2013-04-16|work= Serbian Republic Institute of Statistics}}</ref> | region6 = {{flagcountry |Croatia}} | pop6 = 2,879 | ref6 = <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_02/H01_02_02.html|title= STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NARODNOSTI, PO GRADOVIMA/OPĆINAMA, POPIS 2001|trans-title= Population by ethnicity in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census|language= Croatian|publisher= State Institute for Statistics of the [[Croatia| Republic of Croatia]].|access-date= 2020-03-23|archive-date= 2019-05-19|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190519065506/https://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_02/H01_02_02.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> | region7 = {{flagcountry |Hungary}} | pop7 = 2,342 | ref7 = <ref name="KSH">{{cite book|last= Vukovich|first= Gabriella|url= http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf|title= Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok|trans-title= 2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data|language= hu|work= Hungarian Central Statistical Office|location= Budapest|year= 2018|accessdate= 9 January 2019|isbn= 978-963-235-542-9}}</ref> | region8 = {{nowrap|{{flagcountry |Czech Republic}}}} | pop8 = 1,109 | ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.vlada.cz/cz/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/mensiny/rusinska-narodnostni-mensina-16151/|title= Rusínská národnostní menšina|publisher= |accessdate= 18 March 2015}}</ref> | region5 = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}} | pop5 = 8,934{{#tag:ref|Respondents in the U.S. census identifee'd as ''Carpatho Rusyn''|group= note}} | ref5 = <ref>{{cite book|title= Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates|publisher= [[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> | region9 = {{flagcountry |Poland}} | pop9 = 638–10,531{{#tag:ref| Accordin tae o the 2011 Pols census, 10,531 respondents identifee'd as [[Lemkos]], separately frae Rusyns.|group= note}} | ref9 = <ref name="stat">{{cite web|url= http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf|title= Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna|trans-title= State and structure of the social demographics of the population|language= pl|work= Central Statistical Office of Poland|date= 2013|accessdate= 14 April 2013|page= 91}}</ref> | region10 = {{flagcountry |Romania}} | pop10 = 200–4,090{{#tag:ref| While an estimatit 200 fowk identifee'd thaimsels as "Rusyns" in 2011, in the 2002 Romanie census, 3,890 fowk identifee'd as [[Hutsuls]] (Romanie: ''Huțuli''; Rusyn ''Hutsuly'') – a minority that's memmers aften identifee as or are regairdit as a subgroup o the Rusyns. A faur 61,091 Romanie ceetizens identifee'd as Ukrainian (Romanian: ''Ucraineni''). As the archaic [[exonym]] "[[Ruthenians]]" wis applied indiscriminately tae baith Rusyns an Ukrainians, some Ukrainian-Romanies mey an aw regaird thaimsels as Rusyns in the sense o a subgroup o a braider Ukrainian identity.|group= note}} | ref10 = <ref>{{cite book |last= Moser |first= Michael |chapter= Rusyn |editors= Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi & Catherine Gibson | title= The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders |year= 2016 |publisher= Palgrave Macmillan |location= Basingstoke UK |language= English | isbn= |page= 132 | oclc= | accessdate= }}</ref><ref name="insse2">{{cite web | url = http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/rpl2002rezgen1/14.pdf | title = Populaţia după etnie| publisher= Institutul Naţional de Statistică | accessdate = 2011-10-28|language= Romanian}}</ref><ref name="emaref">{{cite web | url = http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=771 | title = Date naţionale | publisher = Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank | accessdate = 2011-10-28 | language = Romanian | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929201654/http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=771 | archivedate = 2011-09-29 }} {{Cite web |url=http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=771 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929201654/http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=771 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | langs = [[Rusyn leid|Rusyn]]{{·}}[[Ukrainian leid| Ukrainian]]{{·}}[[Slovak leid|Slovak]]<br>[[Serbian leid|Serbian]]{{·}}[[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]] | flag = [[File:Flag of Rusyns 2007.svg|200px|border]]<br/>Banner o Rusyns<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rusynacademy.sk/english/en-academy5.html|title= Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic: Rusyn Symbols|publisher= Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic|accessdate= 17 October 2019}}</ref><br> [[File:Rusyn coat of arms.svg|80px]]<br/>Coat o airms o Rusyns | rels = Maistly [[Eastren Catholic Kirks|Greek Catholic]] ([[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Kirk]]) wi [[Eastren Orthodoxy |Eastren Orthodox]] minority ([[Roushie Orthodox Kirk]] an [[Serbie Orthodox Kirk]]) | related = [[Ukrainians]], [[Slovaks]], [[Poles]], [[Hungarians]] }} '''Rusyns''' ([[Rusyn leid|Rusyn]]: Русины / ''Rusynŷ''), whiles cried '''Rusnaks''' (Rusyn: Руснакы / ''Rusnakŷ''), kent as '''Carpatho-Ruthenians''' or '''Carpatho-Roushies''' (Rusyn: Карпато-Русини / ''Karpato-Rusyny'') forby, are an [[East Slavs |East Slavic]] fowk that spik the [[Rusyn leid]]. Thay came fae an East Slavic fowk that bade in the northren airts o the [[Eastren Carpathies]] fae the [[Early Middle Ages]]. Thegither wi ither East Slavs fae neebourin airts, thay war aften cried by the common [[exonym]] [[Ruthenians]], or by the mair speceefic name Carpathie Ruthenians, wi sub-gruip names sic as [[Dolinyans]], [[Boykos]], [[Hutsuls]] an [[Lemkos]]. Unalike thair neebours tae the east, that adoptit the uise o the [[ethnonym]] [[Ukrainians]] in the early 20t yearhunner, Rusyns haint thair name. As woners o northeastren airts o the [[Carpathie Moontains]], Rusyns are closely connectit tae, an sumtimes associatit wi, ither Slavic fowk in the airt, sic as the [[Wast Slavs|Wast Slavic]] heichlander community o [[Gorals]] (literally, "Heichlanders"). The uiss o the Rusyn ethnonym is aften poleeticised, particular acause o the thocht in modren [[Roushie]] that conseeders the Ruthenian naition pairt o the naition o Muckle Roushies. ==Notes== {{notelist}} {{Reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rusyns| ]] [[Category:Slavic ethnic groups]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Croatie]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Poland]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Roushie]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Serbie]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Slovakie]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Ukraine]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Vojvodina]] [[Category:Members o the Unrepresentit Naitions an Fowks Organisation]] s5buollbp7spcjqjurnnlwicqvo3xx2 0 125178 922115 922093 2026-08-27T21:35:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra | native_name = الخلافة العباسية | native_name_lang = ar | conventional_long_name = Abbasid Caliphate | common_name = Abbasids | continent = Afro-Eurasie | region = Middle East | status = Empire | government_type = Caliphate | life_span = 750–1258<br />1261–1517<br /> {{small|(unner the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate o Cairo]])}} | year_start = 750 | year_end = 1517 | image_flag = Abbassid banner.svg | flag_type = The Black Banner o the Abbasids.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Akhtar |first1=Muhammad Wajid |title=Ten Things You Didn’t Know About The Kaaba |url=http://muslimmatters.org/2012/11/15/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-kaaba |website=MuslimMatters.org |publisher=Muslim Matters |access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref> | p1 = Umayyad Caliphate | flag_p1 = Umayyad Flag.svg | flag_p4 = | s1 = Mongol Empire | flag_s1 = | s2 = Fatimid Islamic Caliphate | flag_s2 = Rectangular green flag.svg | s3 = Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) | flag_s3 = Mameluke Flag.svg | s4 = Saffarid dynasty | flag_s4 = | image_map = Abbasids850.png | image_map_caption = Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850. | capital = [[Kufa]]<br />{{small|(750–762)}}<br />[[Baghdad]]<br />{{small|(762–796, 809–836, 892–1258)}}<br />[[Ar-Raqqah]]<br />{{small|(796–809)}}<br />[[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]]<br />{{small|(836–892)}}<br />[[Cairo]]<br />{{small|(1261–1517)}} | common_languages = Offeecial leid:<br />[[Arabic leid|Arabic]]<br />Regional leids:<br />[[Turkic leids|Oghuz Turkic]]<br />[[Aramaic leid|Aramaic]], [[Armenie leid|Armenian]], [[Berber leids|Berber]], [[Coptic leid|Coptic]], [[Georgian leid|Georgian]], [[Greek leid|Greek]], [[Kurdish leid|Kurdish]], [[Middle Persie|Persie]], [[Prakrit leid|Prakrit]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | currency = [[Gowd dinar|Dinar]] (gowd coin)<br />[[Dirham]] (siller coin)<br /> [[Fals]] (copper coin) | leader1 = [[As-Saffah]] {{small|(first)}} | year_leader1 = 750–754 | leader2 = [[Al-Musta'sim]] {{small|(last) (caliph in Baghdad)}} | year_leader2 = 1242–1258 | leader3 = [[al-Mutawakkil III]]{{small|(last) (caliph in cairo)}} | year_leader3 = 1508–1517 | title_leader = [[Caliph]] | today = {{Collapsible list|title=Kintras theday | {{flag |Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Algerie}}|{{flag |Andorrae}}|{{flag|Armenie}}|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{flag |Cyprus}}|{{flag |Egyp}}|{{flag |Fraunce}}|{{flag |Georgie}}|{{flag|Indie}}|{{flag |Gibraltar}}|{{flag |Greece}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Iraq}}|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flag|Italy}}|{{flag |Jordan}}|{{flag |Kazakhstan}}|{{flag |Kuwait}}|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag |Lebanon}}|{{flag |Libie}}|{{flag|Malta}}|{{flag|Oman}}|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flag|Palestinian Authority}}|{{flag |Portugal}}|{{flag |Qatar}}|{{flag|Roushie}}|{{flag |Saudi Arabie}}|{{flag |Spain}}|{{flag |Sirie}}|{{flag|Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Tunisie}}|{{flag|Turkey}}|{{flag |Turkmenistan}}|{{flag |Unitit Arab Emirates}}|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|{{flag |Yemen}} }} | footnotes = }} The '''Abbasid Caliphate''' ({{lang-ar|الخلافة العباسية}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Khilāfah al-‘Abbāsīyah}}'') wis the third o the [[Islam]]ic [[caliphate]]s tae succeed the [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. It wis foondit bi a dynasty descendit frae Muhammad's uncle, [[Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (566–653 CE), frae that the dynasty taks its name.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Thay ruled as [[caliphs]] for maist o the caliphate frae thair caipital in [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]] in modren-day [[Iraq]], efter haein owerthrawn the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in the [[Abbasid Revolution]] o 750 CE (132&nbsp;[[anno Hegirae|AH]]). The Abbasid Caliphate first centred its govrenment in [[Kufa]], modren-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph [[Al-Mansur]] foondit the ceety o Baghdad, near the auncient [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] caipital ceety o [[Ctesiphon]]. The Abbasid period wis merkit bi reliance on [[Greater Iran|Persie]] [[bureaucrat]]s (notably the [[Barmakids|Barmakid]] faimily) for govrenin the territories as weel as an increasin inclusion o [[Mawla|non-Arab Muslims]] in the ''[[ummah]]'' (naitional commonty). [[Persianate customs]] war braidly adoptit bi the ruling elite, an thay begoud patronage o airtists an scholarts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Canfield |first1=Robert L. |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |page=5}}</ref> Baghdad becam a centre o science, cultur, filosofie an invention in whit becam kent as the [[Islamic Gowden Age|Gowden Age o Islam]]. Despite this ineetial cooperation, the Abbasids o the late 8t century haed alienated baith non-Arab ''[[mawali]]'' (clients)<ref>{{cite web |title=ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b |website=www.iranicaonline.org |access-date=2015-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122132055/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b# |archive-date=22 November 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref> an Iranian bureaucrats.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History of Government from the Earliest Times: Volume II: The Intermediate Ages p.720 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhEab85xHAMC |publisher=OUP Oxford |date=1999-01-01 |isbn=978-0-19-820790-0 |first=S. E. |last=Finer}}</ref> Thay war forced tae cede authority ower [[Al-Andalus]] an the [[Maghreb]] tae the [[Emirate o Córdoba|Umayyads]] in 756, [[Morocco]] tae the [[Idrisid dynasty]] in 788, [[Ifriqiya]] tae the [[Aghlabids]] in 800 an [[Egyp in the Middle Ages|Egyp]] tae the [[Isma'ili]]-[[Shia]] caliphate o the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] in 969. The poleetical pouer o the caliphs lairgely endit wi the rise o the Iranian [[Buyids]] an the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuq Turks]], that ilk capturt Baghdad in 945 an 1055 respectively. Awtho Abbasid leadership ower the vast [[Islamic empire]] wis gradually reduced tae a ceremonial releegious function, the dynasty retained control ower its [[Mesopotamian]] domeen. The Abbasids' period o cultural frueetion endit in 1258 wi the [[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|sack o Baghdad]] bi the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] unner [[Hulagu Khan]]. The Abbasid line o rulers, an Muslim cultur in general, re-centred themsels in the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] caipital o [[Cairo]] in 1261. Tho lackin in poleetical pouer, the dynasty conteena'd tae claim releegious authority till efter the [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] [[Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)|conquest o Egyp]] in 1517.{{sfn|Holt|1984}} == History == === Abbasid Revolution (750–751) === {{main|Abbasid Revolution}} The Abbasid caliphs war [[Arab fowk|Arabs]] descendit frae [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], ane o the youngest uncles o Muhammad an o the same [[Banu Hashim]] clan. The Abbasids claimed tae be the true successors o Prophet Muhammad in replacin the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] descendants o [[Umayya ibn Abd Shams|Banu Umayya]] bi virtue o thair closer bluidline tae Muhammad. The Abbasids an aw distinguished themsels frae the Umayyads bi attackin thair moral chairacter an admeenistration in general. Accordin tae [[Ira Lapidus]], "The Abbasid revolt wis supportit lairgely bi Arabs, mainly the aggrieved settlers o [[Merv]] wi the addeetion o the Yemeni faction an thair [[Mawali]]".{{sfn|Lapidus|2002|p=54}} The Abbasids an aw appealed tae non-Arab Muslims, kent as ''mawali'', that remeened ootside the kinship-based society o the Arabs an war perceived as a lawer cless within the Umayyad empire. [[Mohammad ibn Ali Abbasi|Muhammad ibn 'Ali]], a great-grandson o Abbas, begoud tae campaign in [[Greater Persie|Persie]] for the return o pouer tae the faimily o Prophet Muhammad, the [[Hashimites]], in the ring o [[Umar II]]. In the ring o [[Marwan II]], this opposeetion culminatit in the rebellion o Ibrahim the Imam, the fowert in strynd frae Abbas. Supportit bi the province o [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] (Eastren Persie), even tho the govrenor opponed them, an the Shia Arabs,{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}}{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} he achieved conseederable success, but wis capturt in the year 747 an dee'd, possibly assassinated, in preeson. On 9 Juin 747 (15 Ramadan AH 129), [[Abu Muslim]], risin frae Khorasan, successfully ineetiatit an appen revolt against Umayyad rule, that wis cairied oot unner the sign o the [[Black Staundart]]. Close tae 10,000 sodgers war unner Abu Muslim's command whan the hostilities offeecially begoud in [[Merv (East Sirie Ecclesiastical Province)|Merv]].{{sfn|Lewis|1995|p=102}} [[Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i|General Qahtaba]] follaed the fleein govrenor [[Nasr ibn Sayyar]] wast defeatin the Umayyads at the Battle o Gorgan, the Battle o Nahāvand an feenally in the Battle o Karbala, aw in the year 748.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} [[File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Abu'l-'Abbas al-Saffah is proclaimed the first 'Abbasid Caliph (cropped).jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Folio frae ''Tarikhnama'' o [[Muhammad Bal'ami|Bal'ami]] depictin [[As-Saffah|al-Saffah]] as he receives [[Bay'ah|pledges o allegiance]] in [[Kufa]]]] The quarry wis taken up bi Ibrahim's brither Abdallah, kent bi the name o [[As-Saffah|Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah]], that defeatit the Umayyads in 750 in the [[Battle o the Zab|battle near the Great Zab]] an wis subsequently proclaimed [[caliph]].<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Abbasids|volume=1|page=10}}</ref> Efter this loss, Marwan fled tae Egyp, whaur he wis subsequently assassinatit. The remainder o his faimily, baurin ane male, war an aw eliminatit.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} Immediately efter thair veectory, As-Saffah sent his forces tae [[Central Asie]], whaur his forces fecht against [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]] expansion in the [[Battle o Talas]]. The noble Iranian faimily [[Barmakids]], that warinstrumental in biggin [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]], introduced the warld's first recordit [[paper mill]] in the ceety, sicweys beginnin a new era o intellectual rebirth in the Abbasid domain. As-Saffah focused on pittin doun numerous rebellions in Sirie an Mesopotamie. The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] conducted raids in these early distractions.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} === Pouer (752–775) === [[File:Baghdad 150 to 300 AH.png|thumb|upright=1.2|The ceety o [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]] atween 767 an 912 AD. The roond plan reflects pre-Islamic Persian urban design.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol# |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117020537/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol# |archive-date=17 November 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]] [[File:Battle of Talas.png|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Battle o Talas]], 751]] The first chynge the Abbasids, under [[Al-Mansur]], made wis tae muive the empire's caipital frae [[Damascus]], in Sirie, tae Baghdad in Iraq. This wis tae baith appease as weel tae be closer tae the Persie ''mawali'' support base that existit in this region mair influenced bi Persie history an cultur, an pairt o the Persie mawali demand for less Arab dominance in the empire. Baghdad wis established on the [[Tigris River]] in 762. A new poseetion, that of the [[vizier]], wis an aw established tae delegate central authority, an even greater authority wis delegatit tae local emirs.<ref name="AHGC">{{harvnb|Anon|2008}}</ref> This eventually meant that mony Abbasid caliphs war relegatit tae a mair ceremonial role than unner the Umayyads, as the viziers begoud tae exert greater influence, an the role o the auld Arab aristocracy wis slawly replaced bi a Persie bureaucracy.<ref name="AHGC">{{harvnb|Anon|2008}}</ref> In Al-Mansur's time control o [[Al-Andalus]] wis lost, an the Shia revoltit an war defeatit a year later at the [[Alid revolt o 762–763|Battle o Bakhamra]].{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} The Abbasids haed dependit hivily on the support o Persies{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} in thair owerthraw o the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, [[Al-Mansur]] welcomed nan-Arab Muslims tae his coort. While this helped integrate Arab an Persie culturs, it alienatit mony o thair Arab supporters, pairteecularly the [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasanian]] Arabs that had supportit them in thair battles against the Umayyads. Thir fissurs in thair support led tae immediate problems. The Umayyads, while oot o pouer, war nae destroyed. The anerly survivin member o the Umayyad ryal faumily, that haed been aw but annihilatit, ultimately made his way tae Spain whaur he established himsel as an independent [[Emir]] ([[Abd ar-Rahman I]], 756). In 929, [[Abd ar-Rahman III]] assumed the teetle o Caliph, establishin [[Al Andalus]] frae [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] as a rival tae Baghdad as the legitimate caipital o the Islamic Empire. In 756, the Abbasid Caliph [[Al-Mansur]] sent ower 4,000 Arab mercenaries tae assist the Cheenese [[Tang dynasty]] in the [[An Shi Rebellion]] against [[An Lushan]]. The Abbasides or "Black Banners," as thay war commonly cried, war kent in Tang dynasty chronicles as the ''hēiyī Dàshí'', "The Black-robed Tazi", ({{lang|zh|黑衣大食}}) ("Tazi" bein a borraein frae Persian ''[[wikt:تازی|Tāzī]]'', the wird for "Arab").{{refn|group=nb|Wade states "Tazi in Persie soorces referred tae a fowk in that laund, but wis later extendit tae kiver Arab launds. The Persie term wis adoptit bi Tang China (Dàshí :大食) tae refer tae the Arabs till the 12t century."<ref>{{harvnb|Wade|2012|p=138}}</ref>}}<ref>{{harvnb|Jenkins|1999|p=61}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carné|1872|p=295}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ghosh|1961|p=60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hermann|1912|p=77}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Anon|1928|p=1617}}</ref> After the war, these embassies remained in China <ref>{{harvnb|Chapuis|1995|p=92}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kitagawa|1989|p=283}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Weng|1973|p=129}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Baker|1990|p=53}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Fitzgerald|1961|p=332}}</ref> wi Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] establishin an alliance wi Cheenae.<ref name="Dennis Bloodworth, Ching Ping Bloodworth 2004 214">{{harvnb|Bloodworth|Bloodworth|2004|p=214}}</ref> Several embassies frae the Abbasid Caliphs tae the Cheenese coort hae been recordit in the T'ang Annals, the maist important o thir bein thae o [[As-Saffah|Abul Abbas al-Saffah]], the first Abbasid caliph, his successor [[Al-Mansur|Abu Jafar]], an [[Harun al-Rashid]]. === Abbasid Gowden Age (775–861) === [[File:Harun-Charlemagne.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Harun al-Rashid]] receivin a delegation sent bi [[Charlemagne]] at his coort in Baghdad. Pentin bi German penter {{ill|Julius Köckert|fr}} (1827–1918), datit 1864. Ile on canvas.]] The Abbasid leadership haed tae wirk haurd in the last hauf o the 8t century (750–800), unner several competent caliphs an thair viziers tae owercome the poleetical challenges creatit bi the faur flung naitur o the empire, an the leemitit communication athort it an usher in the admeenistrative chynges needit tae keep order.<ref name="Brauer">{{harvnb|Brauer|1995}}</ref> It wus an aw in this early period o the dynasty, in pairteecular in the govrenance o [[al-Mansur]], [[Harun al-Rashid]], an [[al-Ma'mun]], that the reputation an pouer o the dynasty wis creatit.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Al-Mahdi [[Abbasid invasion o Asia Minor (782)|restairtit the fechtin]] wi the Byzantines an his sons conteena'd the conflict till [[Irene o Athens|Empress Irene]] pushed for peace.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} Efter several years o peace, [[Nikephoros I]] brak the treaty, then fendit aff multiple incursions in the first decade o the 9t century. Thir attacks pushed intae the [[Taurus Muntains]] culminatin wi a veectory at the [[Battle o Krasos]] an the [[Abbasid invasion o Asia Minor (806)|massive invasion o 806]], led bi Rashid himsel.<ref name=DD1>{{harvnb|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=265}}</ref> Rashid's navy an aw pruived successfu as he teuk [[Cyprus]]. Eventually, the momentum turned an muckle o the laund gained wis lost. Rashid decidit tae focus on the rebellion o [[Rafi ibn al-Layth]] in Khorasan an dee'd while there.<ref name="DD1" /> While the [[Byzantine Empire]] wis fechtin Abbasid rule in Sirie an [[Anatolie]], militar operations in this period war meenimal, as the caliphate focused on internal maiters, its govrenors exertin greater autonomy an uisin thair increasin pouer tae mak thair poseetions hereditary.<ref name="AHGC" /> At the same time, the Abbasids faced challenges closer tae hame. Harun al-Rashid turned on the [[Barmakids]], a Persie faimily that haed grawn signeeficantly in pouer within the admeenistration o the state an killt maist o the faimily.<ref>{{harvnb|Meisami|1999}}</ref> In the same period, several factions begoud aither tae leave the empire for ither launds or tae tak control o distant pairts o the empire awey frae the Abbasids. The ring o al-Rashid an his sons war conseedert tae be the apex o the Abbasids.<ref name=mag>{{harvnb|Magnusson|Goring|1990|p=2}}</ref> [[File:Abbasid Dinar - Al Amin - 195 AH (811 AD).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Gowd dinar]] mintit in the ring o [[al-Amin]] (809–813)]] Efter Rashid's death, the empire wis split bi a [[Fowert Fitna|ceevil war]] atween the caliph [[al-Amin]] an his brither [[al-Ma'mun]] that had the support o Khorasan. This war endit wi a [[Siege o Baghdad (812–813)|twa-year siege]] o Baghdad an the eventual daith o al-Amin in 813.<ref name=DD1 /> Al-Ma'mun ruled for 20 years o relative caum interspersed wi a rebellion supportit bi the Byzantines in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] bi the [[Khurramites]]. Al-Ma'mun wis an aw responsible for the creaution o an autonomous Khorasan, an the conteena'd repulsin o Byzantine forays.<ref name=DD1 /> [[Al-Mu'tasim]] gained pouer in 833 an his rule merkit the end o the strang caliphs. He strenthened his personal airmy wi Turkis mercenaries an promptly restairtit the war wi the Byzantines. His militar excursions war generally successfu culminatin wi a resoondin veectory in the [[Sack o Amorium]]. His attempt at seizin [[Constantinople]] failed whan his fleet wis destroyed bi a storm.<ref>{{harvnb|Dupuy|dupuy|1986|pp=265–266}}</ref> The Byzantines restairtit the fechtin bi [[Sack o Damietta (853)|sackin Damietta]] in Egyp. [[Al-Mutawakkil]] respondit bi sendin his truips intae [[Anatolie]] again, sackin an maraudin till thay war [[Battle o Lalakaon|eventually annihilatit]] in 863.<ref name=DD3>{{harvnb|Dupuy|dupuy|1986|p=266}}</ref> == Fractur tae autonomous dynasties (861–945) == [[File:Abbasid Caliphate 891-892.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Map o the fragmentit Abbasid empire, wi auries still unner direct control o the Abbasid central govrenment (daurk green) an unner autonomous rulers (licht green) adherin tae nominal Abbasid suzerainty, {{circa|892}}]] Even bi 820, the [[Samanid]]s had begun the process o exercisin independent authority in [[Transoxiana]] an [[Greater Khorasan]], as haed the [[Twaler]]-Shia [[Hamdanid]]s in Northren Sirie, an the succeedin [[Tahirid]] an [[Saffarid]] dynasties o Iran. The Saffarids, frae Khorasan, nearly seized Baghdad in 876, an the [[Tulunid]]s teuk control o maist o Sirie. The trend o waikenin o the central pouer an strenthenin o the minor caliphates on the periphery conteena'd.<ref name=mag /> An exception wis the 10-year period o [[Al-Mu'tadid]]'s rule. He brocht pairts o Egyp, Sirie, an Khorasan back intae the Abbasid's control. Especially efter the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]", the Abbasid central govrenment wis waikened an centrifugal tendencies becam mair prominent in the Caliphate's provinces. Bi the early 10t century, the Abbasids awmaist laist control o Iraq tae various [[amir]]s, an the caliph [[al-Radi]] wis forced tae acknawledge thair pouer bi creautin the position o "Prince o Princes" (''[[amir al-umara]]'').<ref name=mag /> [[Al-Mustakfi]] haed a short ring frae 944–946, an it wis in this period that the Persie faction kent as the [[Buyids]] frae [[Daylam]] swept intae pouer an assumed control ower the bureaucracy in Baghdad. Accordin tae the history o [[Miskawayh]], thay begoud distributin [[iqta]]s ([[fief]]s in the form o tax ferms) tae thair supporters. This period o localised secular control wis tae last nearly 100 years.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} The loss o Abbasid pouer tae the Buyids wad shift as the Seljuks wad tak ower frae the Persies.<ref name=mag /> At the end o the aicht century the Abbasids foond thay coud na langer keep a huge polity lairger nor that o Roum thegither frae Baghdad. In 793 the [[Zaydi]]-Shia dynasty o [[Idrisids]] set up a state frae Fez in Morocco, while a faimily o govrenors unner the Abbasids becam increasinly independent till thay foondit the Aghlabid Emirate frae the 830s. Al-Mu'tasim stairtit the dounwart slide bi utilisin non-Muslim mercenaries in his personal airmy. An aw in this period officers stairtit assassinatin superiors wi that thay fawed oot wi, in pairteecular the caliphs.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Bi the 870s Egyp becam autonomous unner [[Ahmad ibn Tulun]]. In the East as weel, govrenors decreased thair ties tae the centre. The [[Saffarids]] o Herat an the [[Samanids]] o Bukhara haed braken awey frae the 870s, cultivatin a muckle mair [[Persianate cultur]] an statecraft. Bi this time anerly the central launds o Mesopotamie war unner direct Abbasid control, wi Palestine an the Hijaz eften managed bi the Tulunids. Byzantium, for its part, haed begun tae push Arab Muslims faur east in Anatolie. Bi the 920s, the situation haed chynged faur, as North Africae wis lost tae the Abbasids. A Shia sect anerly recognisin the first five Imams an tracin its ruits tae Muhammad's dochter Fatima teuk control o Idrisid an then Aghlabid domeens.<ref name=mag /> Cried the [[Fatimid dynasty]], thay had advanced tae Egyp in 969, establishin thair caipital near Fustat in Cairo, that thay biggit as a bastion o Shia learin an politics. Bi 1000 thay haed acome the chief poleetical an ideological challenge tae Sunni Islam in the form o the Abbasids. Bi this time the latter state had fragmentit intae several govrenorships that, while recognisin caliphal authority frae Baghdad, did maistly as thay wantit, fechtin wi ilk ither. The Caliph himsel wis unner 'pertection' o the Buyid Emirs that possessed aw o Iraq an wastren Iran, an war quietly Shia in thair sympathies. Ootside Iraq, aw the autonomous provinces slawly teuk on the chairactereestic o de facto states wi hereditary rulers, airmies, an revenues an operatit unner anerly nominal caliph suzerainty, that mey nae necessarily be reflectit bi ony contreibution tae the thesaury, sic as the [[Soomro]] [[Emir]]s that haed gained control o [[Sindh]] an ruled the entire province frae thair caipital o [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansura]].<ref name="Brauer" /> [[Mahmud o Ghazni]] teuk the teetle o sultan, as opponed tae the [[Emir|"amir"]] that haed been in mair common uissage, seegnifeein the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]]'s unthirldom frae caliphal authority, despite Mahmud's ostentatious displays o Sunni orthodoxy an reetual submission tae the caliph. In the 11t century, the loss o respect for the caliphs conteena'd, as some Islamic rulers na langer mentioned the caliph's name in the Fryday [[khutba]], or struck it aff thair coinage.<ref name="Brauer" /> The [[Isma'ili]] [[Fatimid]] dynasty o Cairo contestit the Abbasids for even the teetular authority o the Islamic [[ummah]]. Thay commandit some support in the Shia sections o Baghdad (sic as [[Karkh]]), awtho Baghdad wis the ceety maist closely connectit tae the caliphate, even in the Buyid an Seljuq eras. The Fatimids' green banners contrastit wi Abbasids' black, an the challenge o the Fatimids anerly endit wi thair dounfaw in the 12t century. === Buyid an Seljuq control (945–1118) === Despite the pouer o the [[Buyids|Buyid]] amirs, the Abbasids reteened a heichly reetualised coort in Baghdad, as descrived bi the Buyid bureaucrat [[Hilal al-Sabi']], an thay retained a certain influence ower Baghdad as weel as releegious life. As Buyid pouer waned efter the daith o [[Baha' al-Daula]], the caliphate wis able tae regain some meisur o strenth. The caliph [[al-Qadir]], for example, led the ideological struggle against the Shia wi writins sic as the ''[[Baghdad Manifesto]]''. The caliphs kept order in Baghdad itsel, attemptin tae prevent the ootbreak o [[fitna (wird)|fitnas]] in the caipital, eften contendin wi the ''[[ayyarun]]'' Wi the Buyid dynasty on the dwyne, a vacuum wis creatit that wis eventually filled bi the dynasty o [[Oghuz Turks]] kent as the [[Seljuqs]]. Bi 1055, the Seljuqs haed wrestit control frae the Buyids an Abbasids, an teuk ony remeenin temporal pouer.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Whan the amir an umwhile sclave [[Basasiri]] teuk up the Shia [[Fatimid]] banner in Baghdad in, the caliph [[al-Qa'im (caliph)|al-Qa'im]] wis unable tae defeat him withoot ootside help. [[Toghril Beg]], the Seljuq sultan, restored Baghdad tae Sunni rule an teuk Iraq for his dynasty. Ance again, the Abbasids war forced tae deal wi a military pouer that thay coud nae match, tho the Abbasid caliph remeened the teetular heid o the Islamic commonty. The succeedin sultans [[Alp Arslan]] an [[Malikshah]], as weel as thair vizier [[Nizam al-Mulk]], teuk up residence in Persie, but held pouer ower the Abbasids in Baghdad. Whan the dynasty begoud tae waiken in the 12t century, the Abbasids gained greater unthirldom ance again. === Revival o militar strenth (1118–1258) === [[File:Abbasids Baghdad Iraq 1244.JPG|thumb|upright|220px|Coin o the Abbasids, Baghdad, 1244]] While the Caliph [[al-Mustarshid]] wis the first caliph tae big an airmy capable o meetin a Seljuk airmy in battle, he wis nanetheless defeatit in 1135 an assassinatit. The Caliph [[Al-Muqtafi (Abbasid Caliph)|al-Muqtafi]] wus the first Abbasid Caliph tae regain the full militar unthirldom o the Caliphate, wi the help o his vizier [[Awn ad-Din ibn Hubayra|Ibn Hubayra]]. Efter nearly 250 years o subjection tae furrin dynasties, he successfully defendit Baghdad against the Seljuqs in the [[siege o Baghdad (1157)]], sicweys siccarin Iraq for the Abbasids. The ring o [[al-Nasir]] (d. 1225) brocht the caliphate back intae pouer ootthrou Iraq, based in lairge part on the [[Sufi]] [[futuwwa]] organisations that the caliph heidit.<ref name=mag /> [[Al-Mustansir (caliph)|Al-Mustansir]] biggit the [[Mustansiriya Schuil]], in an attempt tae eclipse the Seljuq-era [[Al-Nizamiyya o Baghdad|Nizamiyya]] biggit bi [[Nizam al-Mulk]]. === Mongol invasion (1206–1258) === [[File:DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad a.jpg|thumb|upright|220px|[[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|Siege o Baghdad]] bi the Mongols led bi [[Hulagu Khan]] in 1258]] In 1206, [[Genghis Khan]] established a pouerfu dynasty amang the [[Mongol]]s o [[central Asie]]. In the 13t century, this [[Mongol Empire]] conquered maist o the Eurasie laund mass, includin baith Cheenae in the east an muckle o the auld Islamic caliphate (as weel as [[Kievan Rus']]) in the wast. [[Hulagu Khan]]'s [[Battle o Baghdad (1258)|destruction o Baghdad]] in 1258 is tradeetionally seen as the approximate end o the Golden Age.<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|Yue|2008|p=215}}</ref> Mongols feared that a supernaitural disaster wad strick if the bluid o [[Al-Musta'sim]], a direct descendant o Muhammad's uncle [[Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]],<ref name=encyclopedia>{{harvnb|Glassé|Smith|2002}}</ref> an the last ringin Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, wis spilled. The Shia o [[Persia]] statit that na sic calamity haed happened efter the daith o [[Husayn ibn Ali]] in the [[Battle o Kerbala]]; nivertheless, as a precaution an in accordance wi a Mongol taboo that forbade spillin ryal bluid, Hulagu haed Al-Musta'sim wrapped in a cairpet an trampled tae daith bi horse on 20 Februar 1258. The Caliph's immediate faimily wis an aw executit, wi the lone exceptions o his youngest son that wis sent tae Mongolie, an a dochter that becam a sclave in the [[harem]] o Hulagu.<ref>{{harvnb|Frazier|2005}}</ref> === Abbasid Caliphate o Cairo (1261–1517) === In the 9t century, the Abbasids creatit an airmy leal anerly tae thair caliphate, componed o non-Arab oreegin fowk, kent as [[Mamluks]].<ref name="István Vásáry 2005">{{harvnb|Vásáry|2005}}</ref><ref name="Isichei 1997 192">{{harvnb|Isichei|1997|p=192}}</ref><ref name="T. Pavlidis 2011">{{harvnb|Pavlidis|2010}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mikaberidze|2004}}</ref><ref name="bbs">{{harvnb|Visser|2005|p=19}}</ref> This force, creatit in the ring o [[al-Ma'mun]] (813–33) an his brither an successor [[al-Mu'tasim]] (833–42), preventit the forder disintegration o the empire. The Mamluk airmy, tho eften viewed negatively, baith helped an hurt the caliphate. Early on, it providit the govrenment wi a stable force tae address domestic an furrin problems. Houiver, creaution o this furrin airmy an al-Mu'tasim's transfer o the caipital frae Baghdad tae [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]] creatit a diveesion atween the caliphate an the fowks thay claimed tae rule. In addeetion, the pouer o the Mamluks steadily grew till [[al-Radi]] (934–41) wis constrained tae haund ower maist o the ryal functions tae [[Muhammad ibn Ra'iq]].<ref name="EB1911" /> == Culture == === Islamic Gowden Age === {{main|Islamic Gowden Age}} [[File:ManuscriptAbbasid.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Manuscript frae the Abbasid era]] The Abbasid historical period lastin tae the [[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|Mongol conquest o Baghdad]] in 1258 CE is conseedert the Islamic Gowden Age.<ref name="Tahir Abbas">{{harvnb|Abbas|2011|p=9}}</ref> The Islamic Gowden Age wis inauguratit bi the middle o the 8t century bi the ascension o the Abbasid [[Caliphate]] an the transfer o the caipital frae [[Damascus]] tae Baghdad.<ref name="Vartan">{{harvnb|Gregorian|2003}}</ref> The Abbassids war influenced bi the [[Qur'an]]ic injunctions an [[hadith]] sic as "the ink o a scholart is mair haly nor the bluid o a mairtyr" stressin the vailyie o knawledge. In this period the Muslim warld becam an intellectual centre for science, filosofie, medicine an eddication as <ref name="Vartan" /> the Abbasids championed the cause o knawledge an established the [[Hoose o Wicedom]] in Baghdad; whaur baith Muslim an nan-Muslim scholarts socht tae translate an gaither aw the warld's knawledge intae [[Arabic leid|Arabic]].<ref name="Vartan" /> Mony clessic warks o antiquity that wad itherwise hae been lost war translatit intae Arabic an Persie an later in turn translatit intae Turkis, Ebreu an Laitin.<ref name="Vartan" /> In this period the Muslim warld wis a caudron o culturs that collectit, synthesized an signeeficantly advanced the knawledge gained frae the auncient [[Auncient Roum|Roman]], Cheenese, [[History o Indie|Indie]], [[Sasanian Empire|Persie]], [[Auncient Egyp|Egyptian]], North African, [[Auncient Greece|Greek]] an [[Byzantine]] ceevilisations.<ref name="Vartan" /> "In virtually ivery field o endeavor—in astronomy, alchemy, mathematics, medicine, optics an so forth—the Caliphate's scientists war in the forefront o scienteefic advance."<ref>{{harvnb|Huff|2003|p=48}}</ref> === Science === [[File:Mustansiriya University CPT.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Mustansiriya Varsity]] in [[Baghdad]]]]The rings o [[Harun al-Rashid]] (786–809) an his successors fostered an age o great intellectual achievement. In lairge part, this wis the result o the schismatic forces that haed unnermined the Umayyad regime, that relied on the assertion o the superiority o [[Arab cultur]] as pairt o its claim tae legitimacy, an the Abbasids' welcomin o support frae nan-Arab Muslims. It is weel established that the Abbasid caliphs modeled thair admeenistration on that o the [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanids]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gibb|1982|p=66}}</ref> Harun al-Rashid's son, [[Al-Ma'mun]] (that's mither wis [[Persie fowk|Persie]]), is even quotit as sayin: {{quote |The Persies ruled for a thoosand years an did nae need us Arabs even for a day. We hae been rulin them for ane or twa centuries an canna dae withoot them for an oor.<ref>{{harvnb|Spuler|1960|p=29}}</ref>}} A nummer o medieval thinkers an scientists leevin unner Islamic rule played a role in transmittin [[Islamic science]] tae the Christian Wast. In addeetion, the period saw the rekivery o muckle o the [[Alexandria]]n mathematical, geometric an astronomical knawledge, sic as that o [[Euclid]] an Claudius [[Ptolemy]]. Thir rekivert mathematical methods war later enhanced an developit bi ither Islamic scholarts, notably bi [[Persie fowk|Persie]] scientists [[Al-Biruni]] an [[Abu Nasr Mansur]]. [[File:Al-Jaahith - African Arab Naturalist - Basra - al jahiz.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Jabir ibn Hayyan]], "the faither o [[Chemistry]]"<ref>{{harvnb|Derewenda|2007|p=247}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vallely|2006}}</ref>|left]] [[Christians]] (pairteecularly [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] Christians) contreibutit tae the Arab Islamic Ceevilisation in the [[Ummayads]] an the Abbasids bi translatin warks o [[Greek filosofers]] tae [[Syriac leid|Syriac]] an efterwart tae [[Arabic leid|Arabic]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hill|1993|p=4}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Brague|2009|p=164}}</ref> Nestorians played a prominent role in the formation o Arab cultur,<ref>{{harvnb|Hoiberg|2010a|p=612}}</ref> wi the [[Jundishapur]] schuil bein prominent in the late [[Sassanid]], [[Umayyad]] an early Abbasid periods.<ref>{{harvnb|Söylemez|2005|p=3}}</ref> Notably, aicht generations o the Nestorian [[Bukhtishu]] faimily served as preevat doctors tae caliphs an sultans atween the aicht an elevent centuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Bonner|Ener|Singer|2003|p=97}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ruano|Burgos|1992|p=527}}</ref> [[Algebra]] wis signeeficantly developit bi Persie scientist [[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] in this time in his laundmerk text, ''[[The Compendious Beuk on Calculation bi Completion an Balancin|Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala]]'', frae that the term ''algebra'' is derived. He is sicweys conseedert tae be the faither o algebra bi some,<ref>{{harvnb|Eglash|1999|p=61}}</ref> awtho the Greek mathematician [[Diophantus]] haes an aw been gien this teetle. The terms [[algorism]] an [[algorithm]] are derived frae the name o al-Khwarizmi, that wis an aw responsible for introducin the [[Arabic numerals]] an [[Hindu-Arabic numeral system]] ayont the [[Indie subcontinent]]. [[File:Alhazen (122459248).jpg|thumb|220px|[[Alhazen|Ibn al-Haytham]], "the faither o [[Optics]].<ref>{{harvnb|Verma|1969}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}}</ref>]] [[Arab]] scientist [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhazen) developed an early [[scienteefic method]] in his ''[[Beuk o Optics]]'' (1021). The maist important development o the scienteefic method wis the uise o experiments tae distinguish atween competin scienteefic theories set within a generally [[empiricism|empirical]] orientation, that begoud amang Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham's [[empirical]] pruif o the intromission theory o licht (that is, that licht rays entered the een raither than bein [[emission theory (veesion)|emittit bi them]]) wis pairteecularly important. Alhazen wis signeeficant in the [[history o scienteefic method]], pairteecularly in his approach tae experimentation,<ref>{{harvnb|Toomer|1964}}</ref> and has been referred to as the "world’s first true scientist".<ref>{{harvnb|Al-Khalili|2009}}</ref> [[Medicine in medieval Islam]] wis an aurie o science that advanced pairteecularly in the Abbasids' ring. In the 9t century, Baghdad conteened ower 800 doctors, an great diskiveries in the unnerstaundin o anatomy an diseases war made. The clinical distinction atween [[maisles]] and [[smawpox]] wis descrived in this time. Famous Persie scientist [[Ibn Sina]] (kent tae the Wast as [[Avicenna]]) produced treatises an warks that summarised the vast amoont o knawledge that scientists haed accumulatit, an wis verra influential throu his encyclopaedias, ''[[The Canon o Medicine]]'' an ''[[The Beuk o Healin]]''. The wark o him an mony ithers directly influenced the resairch o European scientists in the [[Renaissance]]. [[Alchemy an chemistry in medieval Islam|Muslim alchemists]] influenced medieval European alchemists, pairteecularly the writins attributit tae [[Jābir ibn Hayyān]] (Geber). A nummer o [[chemical process]]es sic as [[distillation]] techniques ear developed in the Muslim warld an then spreid tae Europe. === Leeteratur === [[File:More tales from the Arabian nights-14566176968.jpg|right|thumb|Illustration frae ''Mair tales frae the Arabian nichts'' (1915)]] The best kent feection frae the Islamic warld is ''[[The Beuk o Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts]]'', a collection o fantastical fowk tales, leegends an parables compiled primarily in the Abbassid era. The collection is recordit as haein oreeginatit frae an Arabic translation o a Sassanian era Persie prototeep, wi likely oreegins in Indie leeterar tradeetions. Stories frae [[Arabic leeteratur|Arabic]], [[Persie leeteratur|Persie]], [[Mesopotamie]], an [[Egyptian leeteratur|Egyptian]] fowklair an leeteratur war later incorporatit. The epic is believed tae hae taken shape in the 10t century an reached its feenal form bi the 14t century; the nummer an teep o tales hae varied frae ane manuscript tae anither.<ref name="arabianNights">{{Harvnb | Grant | Clute | 1999 | p = 51}}.</ref> Aw Arabian [[fantasie]] tales war eften cried "Arabian Nichts" whan translatit intae Inglis, regairdless o whether thay appeared in ''The Beuk o Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts''.<ref name="arabianNights" /> This epic haes been influential in the Wast syne it wis translatit in the 18t century, first bi [[Antoine Galland]].<ref>{{harvnb|de Camp|1976|p=10}}</ref> Many imitations were written, especially in France.<ref name="arabianNights2">{{harvnb|Grant|Clute|1999|p=52}}</ref> Various chairacters frae this epic hae themsels acome cultural icons in Wastren cultur, sic as [[Aladdin]], [[Sinbad]] an [[Ali Baba]]. A famous example o Islamic poetry on [[romance (luve)|romance]] wis ''[[Layla an Majnun]]'', an oreeginally [[Arabic]] story that wis faur developed bi [[Iranian fowks|Iranian]], [[Azerbaijani fowk|Azerbaijani]] an ither poets in [[Persian leid|Persian]], [[Azerbaijani leid|Azerbaijani]], [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] leids.<ref>{{harvnb|Clinton|2000|pp=15–16}}</ref> It is a [[Tragedy|tragic]] story of undying love much like the later ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Arabic poetry reached its greatest hicht in the Abbasid era, especially afore the loss o central authority an the rise o the Persianate dynasties. Writers lik [[Abu Tammam]] an [[Abu Nuwas]] war closely connectit tae the caliphal coort in Baghdad in the early 9t century, while ithers such as [[al-Mutanabbi]] received thair patronage frae regional coorts. === Filosofie === Ane o the common defineetions for "Islamic filosofie" is "the style o filosofie produced within the framewark o Islamic cultur."<ref name="RoutledgeEoP">{{harvnb|Leaman|1998}}</ref> Islamic filosofie, in this defineetion is naither necessarily concerned wi releegious issues, nor is exclusively produced bi Muslims.<ref name="RoutledgeEoP" /> Thair warks on [[Aristotle]] wis a key step in the transmission o learnin frae auncient Greeks tae the Islamic warld an the Wast. Thay eften correctit the filosofer, encouragin a lively debate in the speerit o [[ijtihad]]. Three speculative thinkers, [[al-Kindi]], [[al-Farabi]], an [[Avicenna]], combined [[Aristotelianism]] an [[Neoplatonism]] wi ither ideas introduced throu Islam, an [[Avicennism]] wis later established as a result. Ither influential Abbasid filosofers include [[al-Jahiz]], an [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen). === Airchitectur === [[File:Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg|thumb|[[Zumurrud Khatun Mosque|Zumurrud Khatun Tomb]] (1200 CE), in seemetry at [[Baghdad]]]] As the pouer shiftit frae the Umayyads tae the Abbasids, the airchitectur styles chynged an aw. The Christian styles evolved intae a style based mair on the [[Sasanian Empire]] utilisin mud bricks an baked bricks wi cairved stucco.<ref name=wil>{{harvnb|Wilber|1969|p=5}}</ref> Anither major development wis the creaution or vast enlairgement o ceeties as thay war turned intae the caipital o the empire. First, stairtin wi the creaution o Baghdad, stairtin in 762, that wis planned as a wawed ceety wi a mosque an pailace in the centre. The waws war tae hae fower gates tae exit the ceety. Al-Mansur, that wis responsible for the creaution o Baghdad, an aw planned the ceety o [[Raqqa]], alang the [[Euphrates]]. Feenally, in 836, al-Mu'tasim muived the caipital tae a new steid that he creatit alang the [[Tigris]], cried [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]]. This ceety saw 60 years o wark, wi race-coorses an gemme preserves tae add tae the atmosphere.<ref name=wil /> Due tae the dry remote naitur o the environment, some o the pailaces biggit in this era war isolatit havens. [[Al-Ukhaidir Fortress]] is a fine ensaumple o this teep o biggin that haes stables, leevin quarters, an a mosque, aw surroondin inner coortyairds.<ref name=wil /> Ither mosques o this era, sic as the [[Mosque o Ibn Tulun]], in [[Cairo]], an the [[Great Mosque o Kairouan]] in [[Tunisie]] while ultimately biggit in the Umayyad dynasty, it wis substantially renovatit in the 9t century. This renovation wis sae extensive as tae ostensibly be a rebig, wis in the faurest reaches o the Muslim warld, in an aurie that the [[Aghlabids]] controlled; houiver the styles utilized war mainly o the Abbasids.<ref>{{harvnb|Wilmer|1969|pp=5–6}}</ref> Mesopotamie anerly haes ane survivin [[mausoleum]] frae this era, in Samarra. This octagonal dome is the feenal restin place o [[al-Muntasir]].<ref name=wil2>{{harvnb|Wilber|1969|p=6}}</ref> Ither airchitectural innovations an styles war few, sic as the [[fower-centred airch|fower-centred arch]], an a dome erectit on [[squinch]]es. Unfortunately, muckle wis lost due tae the ephemeral naitur o the stucco an luster tiles.<ref name=wil2 /> === Technology === [[File:Wasseruhr Harun al Raschid.jpg|thumb|Illustration shawin a [[watter clock]] gien tae [[Charlemagne]] bi [[Harun al-Rashid]]]] In technology, the Abbasids adoptit [[papermakkin]] frae Cheenae.<ref name=Lucas>{{harvnb|Lucas|2005|p=10}}</ref> The uise o paper spreid frae Cheenae intae the caliphate in the 8t century CE, arrivin in [[al-Andalus]] (Islamic Spain) an then the rest o Europe in the 10t century. It wis easier tae manufactur nor [[pairchment]], less likely tae crack nor [[papyrus]], an coud resorb ink, makkin it ideal for makkin records an makkin copies o the Koran. "Islamic paper makkers devised assemmly-line methods o haund-copyin manuscripts tae turn oot edeetions faur lairger nor ony available in Europe for centuries."<ref>{{harvnb|Cotter|2001}}</ref> It wis frae the Abbasids that the rest o the warld learned tae mak paper frae linen.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunn|2003|p=166}}</ref> The knawledge o [[gunpouder]] wis an aw transmitted frae Cheenae via the caliphate, whaur the formulas for pure [[potassium nitrate]] an an [[explosive]] gunpouder effect war first developed.<ref>{{harvnb|al-Hassan|2002}}</ref> Advances war made in [[irrigation]] an fermin, uisin new technology sic as the [[windmill]]. Craps such as [[awmond]]s an [[citrus]] fruit war brocht tae Europe throu [[al-Andalus]], an succar cultivation wis gradually adoptit bi the Europeans. Apairt frae the [[Nile]], [[Tigris]] an [[Euphrates]], navigable rivers war uncommon, sae transport bi sea wis verra important. Navigational sciences war heichly developed, makkin uise o a rudimentary [[sextant]] (kent as a kamal). Whan combined wi detailed maps o the period, sailors war able tae sail athort oceans raither nor skirt alang the coast. Abbasid sailors war an aw responsible for reintroducin lairge three mastit merchant veshels tae the [[Mediterranean]]. The name [[caravel]] mey derive frae an earlier Arab ship kent as the ''qārib''.<ref>{{harvnb|Schwarz|2013}}</ref> Arab merchants dominatit tred in the Indie Ocean till the arrival o the Portuguese in the 16t century. [[Ormus|Hormuz]] wis an important centre for this tred. Thare wis an aw a dense netwark o tred routes in the [[Mediterranean]], alang that Muslim kintras treddit wi ilk ither an wi European pouers sic as [[Venice]] or [[Genoa]]. The [[Silk Road]] crossin Central Asie passed throu Abbasid caliphate atween Cheenae an Europe. == Notes == {{reflist|group=nb}} == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Bibliografie == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |last=Abbas |first=Tahir |title=Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdC90uc8PfQC&pg=PA9 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, UK |isbn=0-415-57225-8 |lccn=2009050163 |year=2011 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Al-Abbasi |first=A. M. 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L. |year=1969 |title=Al-Hazen: Father of Modern Optics |ref=harv}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Visser |first=Reidar |title=Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq |url={{Google books|pCC4ffbOv_YC|page=19|Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq | plainurl = yes}} |year=2005 |isbn=3-8258-8799-5 |publisher=Transaction Publisher |location=New Brunswick, NJ |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Wade |first=Geoffrey |editor1-last=Wade |editor1-first=Geoff |editor2-last=Tana |editor2-first=Li |chapter=Southeast Asian Islam and Southern China in the Fourteenth Century |title=Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |place=Singapore |year=2012 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Warren |first=John |year=2005 |title=War and the Cultural Heritage of Iraq: A Sadly Mismanaged Affair |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2005_26_4-5/page/815 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=4-5 |pages=815–30 |doi=10.1080/01436590500128048 |ref=harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Wilber |first=Donald N. |editor-last1=Myers |editor-first1=Bernard S. |editor-last2=Myers |editor-first2=Shirley D. |encyclopedia=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art |year=1969 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |location=New York, NY |volume=1: Aa-Ceylon |title=Abbasid Architecture |lccn=68026314 |ref=harv}} {{refend}} [[Category:Abbasid Caliphate| ]] [[Category:Arab dynasties]] [[Category:History o Iran]] [[Category:Medieval Iraq]] [[Category:States in medieval Anatolie]] [[Category:States in medieval Azerbaijan]] [[Category:750 establishments]] [[Category:1510s disestablishments in Asie]] [[Category:16t-century disestablishments in the Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Category:Umwhile caliphates]] gcy3xan38mtdm8eywcrnew830ygwzp6 922116 922115 2026-08-27T21:35:58Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra | native_name = الخلافة العباسية | native_name_lang = ar | conventional_long_name = Abbasid Caliphate | common_name = Abbasids | continent = Afro-Eurasie | region = Middle East | status = Empire | government_type = Caliphate | life_span = 750–1258<br />1261–1517<br /> {{small|(unner the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate o Cairo]])}} | year_start = 750 | year_end = 1517 | image_flag = Abbassid banner.svg | flag_type = The Black Banner o the Abbasids.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Akhtar |first1=Muhammad Wajid |title=Ten Things You Didn’t Know About The Kaaba |url=http://muslimmatters.org/2012/11/15/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-kaaba |website=MuslimMatters.org |publisher=Muslim Matters |access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref> | p1 = Umayyad Caliphate | flag_p1 = Umayyad Flag.svg | s1 = Mongol Empire | s2 = Fatimid Islamic Caliphate | flag_s2 = Rectangular green flag.svg | s3 = Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) | flag_s3 = Mameluke Flag.svg | s4 = Saffarid dynasty | flag_s4 = | image_map = Abbasids850.png | image_map_caption = Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850. | capital = [[Kufa]]<br />{{small|(750–762)}}<br />[[Baghdad]]<br />{{small|(762–796, 809–836, 892–1258)}}<br />[[Ar-Raqqah]]<br />{{small|(796–809)}}<br />[[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]]<br />{{small|(836–892)}}<br />[[Cairo]]<br />{{small|(1261–1517)}} | common_languages = Offeecial leid:<br />[[Arabic leid|Arabic]]<br />Regional leids:<br />[[Turkic leids|Oghuz Turkic]]<br />[[Aramaic leid|Aramaic]], [[Armenie leid|Armenian]], [[Berber leids|Berber]], [[Coptic leid|Coptic]], [[Georgian leid|Georgian]], [[Greek leid|Greek]], [[Kurdish leid|Kurdish]], [[Middle Persie|Persie]], [[Prakrit leid|Prakrit]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | currency = [[Gowd dinar|Dinar]] (gowd coin)<br />[[Dirham]] (siller coin)<br /> [[Fals]] (copper coin) | leader1 = [[As-Saffah]] {{small|(first)}} | year_leader1 = 750–754 | leader2 = [[Al-Musta'sim]] {{small|(last) (caliph in Baghdad)}} | year_leader2 = 1242–1258 | leader3 = [[al-Mutawakkil III]]{{small|(last) (caliph in cairo)}} | year_leader3 = 1508–1517 | title_leader = [[Caliph]] | today = {{Collapsible list|title=Kintras theday | {{flag |Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Algerie}}|{{flag |Andorrae}}|{{flag|Armenie}}|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{flag |Cyprus}}|{{flag |Egyp}}|{{flag |Fraunce}}|{{flag |Georgie}}|{{flag|Indie}}|{{flag |Gibraltar}}|{{flag |Greece}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Iraq}}|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flag|Italy}}|{{flag |Jordan}}|{{flag |Kazakhstan}}|{{flag |Kuwait}}|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag |Lebanon}}|{{flag |Libie}}|{{flag|Malta}}|{{flag|Oman}}|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flag|Palestinian Authority}}|{{flag |Portugal}}|{{flag |Qatar}}|{{flag|Roushie}}|{{flag |Saudi Arabie}}|{{flag |Spain}}|{{flag |Sirie}}|{{flag|Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Tunisie}}|{{flag|Turkey}}|{{flag |Turkmenistan}}|{{flag |Unitit Arab Emirates}}|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|{{flag |Yemen}} }} | footnotes = }} The '''Abbasid Caliphate''' ({{lang-ar|الخلافة العباسية}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Khilāfah al-‘Abbāsīyah}}'') wis the third o the [[Islam]]ic [[caliphate]]s tae succeed the [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. It wis foondit bi a dynasty descendit frae Muhammad's uncle, [[Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (566–653 CE), frae that the dynasty taks its name.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Thay ruled as [[caliphs]] for maist o the caliphate frae thair caipital in [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]] in modren-day [[Iraq]], efter haein owerthrawn the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in the [[Abbasid Revolution]] o 750 CE (132&nbsp;[[anno Hegirae|AH]]). The Abbasid Caliphate first centred its govrenment in [[Kufa]], modren-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph [[Al-Mansur]] foondit the ceety o Baghdad, near the auncient [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] caipital ceety o [[Ctesiphon]]. The Abbasid period wis merkit bi reliance on [[Greater Iran|Persie]] [[bureaucrat]]s (notably the [[Barmakids|Barmakid]] faimily) for govrenin the territories as weel as an increasin inclusion o [[Mawla|non-Arab Muslims]] in the ''[[ummah]]'' (naitional commonty). [[Persianate customs]] war braidly adoptit bi the ruling elite, an thay begoud patronage o airtists an scholarts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Canfield |first1=Robert L. |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |page=5}}</ref> Baghdad becam a centre o science, cultur, filosofie an invention in whit becam kent as the [[Islamic Gowden Age|Gowden Age o Islam]]. Despite this ineetial cooperation, the Abbasids o the late 8t century haed alienated baith non-Arab ''[[mawali]]'' (clients)<ref>{{cite web |title=ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b |website=www.iranicaonline.org |access-date=2015-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122132055/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b# |archive-date=22 November 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref> an Iranian bureaucrats.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History of Government from the Earliest Times: Volume II: The Intermediate Ages p.720 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhEab85xHAMC |publisher=OUP Oxford |date=1999-01-01 |isbn=978-0-19-820790-0 |first=S. E. |last=Finer}}</ref> Thay war forced tae cede authority ower [[Al-Andalus]] an the [[Maghreb]] tae the [[Emirate o Córdoba|Umayyads]] in 756, [[Morocco]] tae the [[Idrisid dynasty]] in 788, [[Ifriqiya]] tae the [[Aghlabids]] in 800 an [[Egyp in the Middle Ages|Egyp]] tae the [[Isma'ili]]-[[Shia]] caliphate o the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] in 969. The poleetical pouer o the caliphs lairgely endit wi the rise o the Iranian [[Buyids]] an the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuq Turks]], that ilk capturt Baghdad in 945 an 1055 respectively. Awtho Abbasid leadership ower the vast [[Islamic empire]] wis gradually reduced tae a ceremonial releegious function, the dynasty retained control ower its [[Mesopotamian]] domeen. The Abbasids' period o cultural frueetion endit in 1258 wi the [[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|sack o Baghdad]] bi the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] unner [[Hulagu Khan]]. The Abbasid line o rulers, an Muslim cultur in general, re-centred themsels in the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] caipital o [[Cairo]] in 1261. Tho lackin in poleetical pouer, the dynasty conteena'd tae claim releegious authority till efter the [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] [[Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)|conquest o Egyp]] in 1517.{{sfn|Holt|1984}} == History == === Abbasid Revolution (750–751) === {{main|Abbasid Revolution}} The Abbasid caliphs war [[Arab fowk|Arabs]] descendit frae [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], ane o the youngest uncles o Muhammad an o the same [[Banu Hashim]] clan. The Abbasids claimed tae be the true successors o Prophet Muhammad in replacin the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] descendants o [[Umayya ibn Abd Shams|Banu Umayya]] bi virtue o thair closer bluidline tae Muhammad. The Abbasids an aw distinguished themsels frae the Umayyads bi attackin thair moral chairacter an admeenistration in general. Accordin tae [[Ira Lapidus]], "The Abbasid revolt wis supportit lairgely bi Arabs, mainly the aggrieved settlers o [[Merv]] wi the addeetion o the Yemeni faction an thair [[Mawali]]".{{sfn|Lapidus|2002|p=54}} The Abbasids an aw appealed tae non-Arab Muslims, kent as ''mawali'', that remeened ootside the kinship-based society o the Arabs an war perceived as a lawer cless within the Umayyad empire. [[Mohammad ibn Ali Abbasi|Muhammad ibn 'Ali]], a great-grandson o Abbas, begoud tae campaign in [[Greater Persie|Persie]] for the return o pouer tae the faimily o Prophet Muhammad, the [[Hashimites]], in the ring o [[Umar II]]. In the ring o [[Marwan II]], this opposeetion culminatit in the rebellion o Ibrahim the Imam, the fowert in strynd frae Abbas. Supportit bi the province o [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] (Eastren Persie), even tho the govrenor opponed them, an the Shia Arabs,{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}}{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} he achieved conseederable success, but wis capturt in the year 747 an dee'd, possibly assassinated, in preeson. On 9 Juin 747 (15 Ramadan AH 129), [[Abu Muslim]], risin frae Khorasan, successfully ineetiatit an appen revolt against Umayyad rule, that wis cairied oot unner the sign o the [[Black Staundart]]. Close tae 10,000 sodgers war unner Abu Muslim's command whan the hostilities offeecially begoud in [[Merv (East Sirie Ecclesiastical Province)|Merv]].{{sfn|Lewis|1995|p=102}} [[Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i|General Qahtaba]] follaed the fleein govrenor [[Nasr ibn Sayyar]] wast defeatin the Umayyads at the Battle o Gorgan, the Battle o Nahāvand an feenally in the Battle o Karbala, aw in the year 748.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} [[File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Abu'l-'Abbas al-Saffah is proclaimed the first 'Abbasid Caliph (cropped).jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Folio frae ''Tarikhnama'' o [[Muhammad Bal'ami|Bal'ami]] depictin [[As-Saffah|al-Saffah]] as he receives [[Bay'ah|pledges o allegiance]] in [[Kufa]]]] The quarry wis taken up bi Ibrahim's brither Abdallah, kent bi the name o [[As-Saffah|Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah]], that defeatit the Umayyads in 750 in the [[Battle o the Zab|battle near the Great Zab]] an wis subsequently proclaimed [[caliph]].<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Abbasids|volume=1|page=10}}</ref> Efter this loss, Marwan fled tae Egyp, whaur he wis subsequently assassinatit. The remainder o his faimily, baurin ane male, war an aw eliminatit.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} Immediately efter thair veectory, As-Saffah sent his forces tae [[Central Asie]], whaur his forces fecht against [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]] expansion in the [[Battle o Talas]]. The noble Iranian faimily [[Barmakids]], that warinstrumental in biggin [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]], introduced the warld's first recordit [[paper mill]] in the ceety, sicweys beginnin a new era o intellectual rebirth in the Abbasid domain. As-Saffah focused on pittin doun numerous rebellions in Sirie an Mesopotamie. The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] conducted raids in these early distractions.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} === Pouer (752–775) === [[File:Baghdad 150 to 300 AH.png|thumb|upright=1.2|The ceety o [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]] atween 767 an 912 AD. The roond plan reflects pre-Islamic Persian urban design.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol# |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117020537/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol# |archive-date=17 November 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]] [[File:Battle of Talas.png|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Battle o Talas]], 751]] The first chynge the Abbasids, under [[Al-Mansur]], made wis tae muive the empire's caipital frae [[Damascus]], in Sirie, tae Baghdad in Iraq. This wis tae baith appease as weel tae be closer tae the Persie ''mawali'' support base that existit in this region mair influenced bi Persie history an cultur, an pairt o the Persie mawali demand for less Arab dominance in the empire. Baghdad wis established on the [[Tigris River]] in 762. A new poseetion, that of the [[vizier]], wis an aw established tae delegate central authority, an even greater authority wis delegatit tae local emirs.<ref name="AHGC">{{harvnb|Anon|2008}}</ref> This eventually meant that mony Abbasid caliphs war relegatit tae a mair ceremonial role than unner the Umayyads, as the viziers begoud tae exert greater influence, an the role o the auld Arab aristocracy wis slawly replaced bi a Persie bureaucracy.<ref name="AHGC">{{harvnb|Anon|2008}}</ref> In Al-Mansur's time control o [[Al-Andalus]] wis lost, an the Shia revoltit an war defeatit a year later at the [[Alid revolt o 762–763|Battle o Bakhamra]].{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} The Abbasids haed dependit hivily on the support o Persies{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} in thair owerthraw o the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, [[Al-Mansur]] welcomed nan-Arab Muslims tae his coort. While this helped integrate Arab an Persie culturs, it alienatit mony o thair Arab supporters, pairteecularly the [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasanian]] Arabs that had supportit them in thair battles against the Umayyads. Thir fissurs in thair support led tae immediate problems. The Umayyads, while oot o pouer, war nae destroyed. The anerly survivin member o the Umayyad ryal faumily, that haed been aw but annihilatit, ultimately made his way tae Spain whaur he established himsel as an independent [[Emir]] ([[Abd ar-Rahman I]], 756). In 929, [[Abd ar-Rahman III]] assumed the teetle o Caliph, establishin [[Al Andalus]] frae [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] as a rival tae Baghdad as the legitimate caipital o the Islamic Empire. In 756, the Abbasid Caliph [[Al-Mansur]] sent ower 4,000 Arab mercenaries tae assist the Cheenese [[Tang dynasty]] in the [[An Shi Rebellion]] against [[An Lushan]]. The Abbasides or "Black Banners," as thay war commonly cried, war kent in Tang dynasty chronicles as the ''hēiyī Dàshí'', "The Black-robed Tazi", ({{lang|zh|黑衣大食}}) ("Tazi" bein a borraein frae Persian ''[[wikt:تازی|Tāzī]]'', the wird for "Arab").{{refn|group=nb|Wade states "Tazi in Persie soorces referred tae a fowk in that laund, but wis later extendit tae kiver Arab launds. The Persie term wis adoptit bi Tang China (Dàshí :大食) tae refer tae the Arabs till the 12t century."<ref>{{harvnb|Wade|2012|p=138}}</ref>}}<ref>{{harvnb|Jenkins|1999|p=61}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carné|1872|p=295}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ghosh|1961|p=60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hermann|1912|p=77}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Anon|1928|p=1617}}</ref> After the war, these embassies remained in China <ref>{{harvnb|Chapuis|1995|p=92}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kitagawa|1989|p=283}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Weng|1973|p=129}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Baker|1990|p=53}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Fitzgerald|1961|p=332}}</ref> wi Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] establishin an alliance wi Cheenae.<ref name="Dennis Bloodworth, Ching Ping Bloodworth 2004 214">{{harvnb|Bloodworth|Bloodworth|2004|p=214}}</ref> Several embassies frae the Abbasid Caliphs tae the Cheenese coort hae been recordit in the T'ang Annals, the maist important o thir bein thae o [[As-Saffah|Abul Abbas al-Saffah]], the first Abbasid caliph, his successor [[Al-Mansur|Abu Jafar]], an [[Harun al-Rashid]]. === Abbasid Gowden Age (775–861) === [[File:Harun-Charlemagne.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Harun al-Rashid]] receivin a delegation sent bi [[Charlemagne]] at his coort in Baghdad. Pentin bi German penter {{ill|Julius Köckert|fr}} (1827–1918), datit 1864. Ile on canvas.]] The Abbasid leadership haed tae wirk haurd in the last hauf o the 8t century (750–800), unner several competent caliphs an thair viziers tae owercome the poleetical challenges creatit bi the faur flung naitur o the empire, an the leemitit communication athort it an usher in the admeenistrative chynges needit tae keep order.<ref name="Brauer">{{harvnb|Brauer|1995}}</ref> It wus an aw in this early period o the dynasty, in pairteecular in the govrenance o [[al-Mansur]], [[Harun al-Rashid]], an [[al-Ma'mun]], that the reputation an pouer o the dynasty wis creatit.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Al-Mahdi [[Abbasid invasion o Asia Minor (782)|restairtit the fechtin]] wi the Byzantines an his sons conteena'd the conflict till [[Irene o Athens|Empress Irene]] pushed for peace.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} Efter several years o peace, [[Nikephoros I]] brak the treaty, then fendit aff multiple incursions in the first decade o the 9t century. Thir attacks pushed intae the [[Taurus Muntains]] culminatin wi a veectory at the [[Battle o Krasos]] an the [[Abbasid invasion o Asia Minor (806)|massive invasion o 806]], led bi Rashid himsel.<ref name=DD1>{{harvnb|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=265}}</ref> Rashid's navy an aw pruived successfu as he teuk [[Cyprus]]. Eventually, the momentum turned an muckle o the laund gained wis lost. Rashid decidit tae focus on the rebellion o [[Rafi ibn al-Layth]] in Khorasan an dee'd while there.<ref name="DD1" /> While the [[Byzantine Empire]] wis fechtin Abbasid rule in Sirie an [[Anatolie]], militar operations in this period war meenimal, as the caliphate focused on internal maiters, its govrenors exertin greater autonomy an uisin thair increasin pouer tae mak thair poseetions hereditary.<ref name="AHGC" /> At the same time, the Abbasids faced challenges closer tae hame. Harun al-Rashid turned on the [[Barmakids]], a Persie faimily that haed grawn signeeficantly in pouer within the admeenistration o the state an killt maist o the faimily.<ref>{{harvnb|Meisami|1999}}</ref> In the same period, several factions begoud aither tae leave the empire for ither launds or tae tak control o distant pairts o the empire awey frae the Abbasids. The ring o al-Rashid an his sons war conseedert tae be the apex o the Abbasids.<ref name=mag>{{harvnb|Magnusson|Goring|1990|p=2}}</ref> [[File:Abbasid Dinar - Al Amin - 195 AH (811 AD).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Gowd dinar]] mintit in the ring o [[al-Amin]] (809–813)]] Efter Rashid's death, the empire wis split bi a [[Fowert Fitna|ceevil war]] atween the caliph [[al-Amin]] an his brither [[al-Ma'mun]] that had the support o Khorasan. This war endit wi a [[Siege o Baghdad (812–813)|twa-year siege]] o Baghdad an the eventual daith o al-Amin in 813.<ref name=DD1 /> Al-Ma'mun ruled for 20 years o relative caum interspersed wi a rebellion supportit bi the Byzantines in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] bi the [[Khurramites]]. Al-Ma'mun wis an aw responsible for the creaution o an autonomous Khorasan, an the conteena'd repulsin o Byzantine forays.<ref name=DD1 /> [[Al-Mu'tasim]] gained pouer in 833 an his rule merkit the end o the strang caliphs. He strenthened his personal airmy wi Turkis mercenaries an promptly restairtit the war wi the Byzantines. His militar excursions war generally successfu culminatin wi a resoondin veectory in the [[Sack o Amorium]]. His attempt at seizin [[Constantinople]] failed whan his fleet wis destroyed bi a storm.<ref>{{harvnb|Dupuy|dupuy|1986|pp=265–266}}</ref> The Byzantines restairtit the fechtin bi [[Sack o Damietta (853)|sackin Damietta]] in Egyp. [[Al-Mutawakkil]] respondit bi sendin his truips intae [[Anatolie]] again, sackin an maraudin till thay war [[Battle o Lalakaon|eventually annihilatit]] in 863.<ref name=DD3>{{harvnb|Dupuy|dupuy|1986|p=266}}</ref> == Fractur tae autonomous dynasties (861–945) == [[File:Abbasid Caliphate 891-892.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Map o the fragmentit Abbasid empire, wi auries still unner direct control o the Abbasid central govrenment (daurk green) an unner autonomous rulers (licht green) adherin tae nominal Abbasid suzerainty, {{circa|892}}]] Even bi 820, the [[Samanid]]s had begun the process o exercisin independent authority in [[Transoxiana]] an [[Greater Khorasan]], as haed the [[Twaler]]-Shia [[Hamdanid]]s in Northren Sirie, an the succeedin [[Tahirid]] an [[Saffarid]] dynasties o Iran. The Saffarids, frae Khorasan, nearly seized Baghdad in 876, an the [[Tulunid]]s teuk control o maist o Sirie. The trend o waikenin o the central pouer an strenthenin o the minor caliphates on the periphery conteena'd.<ref name=mag /> An exception wis the 10-year period o [[Al-Mu'tadid]]'s rule. He brocht pairts o Egyp, Sirie, an Khorasan back intae the Abbasid's control. Especially efter the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]", the Abbasid central govrenment wis waikened an centrifugal tendencies becam mair prominent in the Caliphate's provinces. Bi the early 10t century, the Abbasids awmaist laist control o Iraq tae various [[amir]]s, an the caliph [[al-Radi]] wis forced tae acknawledge thair pouer bi creautin the position o "Prince o Princes" (''[[amir al-umara]]'').<ref name=mag /> [[Al-Mustakfi]] haed a short ring frae 944–946, an it wis in this period that the Persie faction kent as the [[Buyids]] frae [[Daylam]] swept intae pouer an assumed control ower the bureaucracy in Baghdad. Accordin tae the history o [[Miskawayh]], thay begoud distributin [[iqta]]s ([[fief]]s in the form o tax ferms) tae thair supporters. This period o localised secular control wis tae last nearly 100 years.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} The loss o Abbasid pouer tae the Buyids wad shift as the Seljuks wad tak ower frae the Persies.<ref name=mag /> At the end o the aicht century the Abbasids foond thay coud na langer keep a huge polity lairger nor that o Roum thegither frae Baghdad. In 793 the [[Zaydi]]-Shia dynasty o [[Idrisids]] set up a state frae Fez in Morocco, while a faimily o govrenors unner the Abbasids becam increasinly independent till thay foondit the Aghlabid Emirate frae the 830s. Al-Mu'tasim stairtit the dounwart slide bi utilisin non-Muslim mercenaries in his personal airmy. An aw in this period officers stairtit assassinatin superiors wi that thay fawed oot wi, in pairteecular the caliphs.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Bi the 870s Egyp becam autonomous unner [[Ahmad ibn Tulun]]. In the East as weel, govrenors decreased thair ties tae the centre. The [[Saffarids]] o Herat an the [[Samanids]] o Bukhara haed braken awey frae the 870s, cultivatin a muckle mair [[Persianate cultur]] an statecraft. Bi this time anerly the central launds o Mesopotamie war unner direct Abbasid control, wi Palestine an the Hijaz eften managed bi the Tulunids. Byzantium, for its part, haed begun tae push Arab Muslims faur east in Anatolie. Bi the 920s, the situation haed chynged faur, as North Africae wis lost tae the Abbasids. A Shia sect anerly recognisin the first five Imams an tracin its ruits tae Muhammad's dochter Fatima teuk control o Idrisid an then Aghlabid domeens.<ref name=mag /> Cried the [[Fatimid dynasty]], thay had advanced tae Egyp in 969, establishin thair caipital near Fustat in Cairo, that thay biggit as a bastion o Shia learin an politics. Bi 1000 thay haed acome the chief poleetical an ideological challenge tae Sunni Islam in the form o the Abbasids. Bi this time the latter state had fragmentit intae several govrenorships that, while recognisin caliphal authority frae Baghdad, did maistly as thay wantit, fechtin wi ilk ither. The Caliph himsel wis unner 'pertection' o the Buyid Emirs that possessed aw o Iraq an wastren Iran, an war quietly Shia in thair sympathies. Ootside Iraq, aw the autonomous provinces slawly teuk on the chairactereestic o de facto states wi hereditary rulers, airmies, an revenues an operatit unner anerly nominal caliph suzerainty, that mey nae necessarily be reflectit bi ony contreibution tae the thesaury, sic as the [[Soomro]] [[Emir]]s that haed gained control o [[Sindh]] an ruled the entire province frae thair caipital o [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansura]].<ref name="Brauer" /> [[Mahmud o Ghazni]] teuk the teetle o sultan, as opponed tae the [[Emir|"amir"]] that haed been in mair common uissage, seegnifeein the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]]'s unthirldom frae caliphal authority, despite Mahmud's ostentatious displays o Sunni orthodoxy an reetual submission tae the caliph. In the 11t century, the loss o respect for the caliphs conteena'd, as some Islamic rulers na langer mentioned the caliph's name in the Fryday [[khutba]], or struck it aff thair coinage.<ref name="Brauer" /> The [[Isma'ili]] [[Fatimid]] dynasty o Cairo contestit the Abbasids for even the teetular authority o the Islamic [[ummah]]. Thay commandit some support in the Shia sections o Baghdad (sic as [[Karkh]]), awtho Baghdad wis the ceety maist closely connectit tae the caliphate, even in the Buyid an Seljuq eras. The Fatimids' green banners contrastit wi Abbasids' black, an the challenge o the Fatimids anerly endit wi thair dounfaw in the 12t century. === Buyid an Seljuq control (945–1118) === Despite the pouer o the [[Buyids|Buyid]] amirs, the Abbasids reteened a heichly reetualised coort in Baghdad, as descrived bi the Buyid bureaucrat [[Hilal al-Sabi']], an thay retained a certain influence ower Baghdad as weel as releegious life. As Buyid pouer waned efter the daith o [[Baha' al-Daula]], the caliphate wis able tae regain some meisur o strenth. The caliph [[al-Qadir]], for example, led the ideological struggle against the Shia wi writins sic as the ''[[Baghdad Manifesto]]''. The caliphs kept order in Baghdad itsel, attemptin tae prevent the ootbreak o [[fitna (wird)|fitnas]] in the caipital, eften contendin wi the ''[[ayyarun]]'' Wi the Buyid dynasty on the dwyne, a vacuum wis creatit that wis eventually filled bi the dynasty o [[Oghuz Turks]] kent as the [[Seljuqs]]. Bi 1055, the Seljuqs haed wrestit control frae the Buyids an Abbasids, an teuk ony remeenin temporal pouer.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Whan the amir an umwhile sclave [[Basasiri]] teuk up the Shia [[Fatimid]] banner in Baghdad in, the caliph [[al-Qa'im (caliph)|al-Qa'im]] wis unable tae defeat him withoot ootside help. [[Toghril Beg]], the Seljuq sultan, restored Baghdad tae Sunni rule an teuk Iraq for his dynasty. Ance again, the Abbasids war forced tae deal wi a military pouer that thay coud nae match, tho the Abbasid caliph remeened the teetular heid o the Islamic commonty. The succeedin sultans [[Alp Arslan]] an [[Malikshah]], as weel as thair vizier [[Nizam al-Mulk]], teuk up residence in Persie, but held pouer ower the Abbasids in Baghdad. Whan the dynasty begoud tae waiken in the 12t century, the Abbasids gained greater unthirldom ance again. === Revival o militar strenth (1118–1258) === [[File:Abbasids Baghdad Iraq 1244.JPG|thumb|upright|220px|Coin o the Abbasids, Baghdad, 1244]] While the Caliph [[al-Mustarshid]] wis the first caliph tae big an airmy capable o meetin a Seljuk airmy in battle, he wis nanetheless defeatit in 1135 an assassinatit. The Caliph [[Al-Muqtafi (Abbasid Caliph)|al-Muqtafi]] wus the first Abbasid Caliph tae regain the full militar unthirldom o the Caliphate, wi the help o his vizier [[Awn ad-Din ibn Hubayra|Ibn Hubayra]]. Efter nearly 250 years o subjection tae furrin dynasties, he successfully defendit Baghdad against the Seljuqs in the [[siege o Baghdad (1157)]], sicweys siccarin Iraq for the Abbasids. The ring o [[al-Nasir]] (d. 1225) brocht the caliphate back intae pouer ootthrou Iraq, based in lairge part on the [[Sufi]] [[futuwwa]] organisations that the caliph heidit.<ref name=mag /> [[Al-Mustansir (caliph)|Al-Mustansir]] biggit the [[Mustansiriya Schuil]], in an attempt tae eclipse the Seljuq-era [[Al-Nizamiyya o Baghdad|Nizamiyya]] biggit bi [[Nizam al-Mulk]]. === Mongol invasion (1206–1258) === [[File:DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad a.jpg|thumb|upright|220px|[[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|Siege o Baghdad]] bi the Mongols led bi [[Hulagu Khan]] in 1258]] In 1206, [[Genghis Khan]] established a pouerfu dynasty amang the [[Mongol]]s o [[central Asie]]. In the 13t century, this [[Mongol Empire]] conquered maist o the Eurasie laund mass, includin baith Cheenae in the east an muckle o the auld Islamic caliphate (as weel as [[Kievan Rus']]) in the wast. [[Hulagu Khan]]'s [[Battle o Baghdad (1258)|destruction o Baghdad]] in 1258 is tradeetionally seen as the approximate end o the Golden Age.<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|Yue|2008|p=215}}</ref> Mongols feared that a supernaitural disaster wad strick if the bluid o [[Al-Musta'sim]], a direct descendant o Muhammad's uncle [[Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]],<ref name=encyclopedia>{{harvnb|Glassé|Smith|2002}}</ref> an the last ringin Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, wis spilled. The Shia o [[Persia]] statit that na sic calamity haed happened efter the daith o [[Husayn ibn Ali]] in the [[Battle o Kerbala]]; nivertheless, as a precaution an in accordance wi a Mongol taboo that forbade spillin ryal bluid, Hulagu haed Al-Musta'sim wrapped in a cairpet an trampled tae daith bi horse on 20 Februar 1258. The Caliph's immediate faimily wis an aw executit, wi the lone exceptions o his youngest son that wis sent tae Mongolie, an a dochter that becam a sclave in the [[harem]] o Hulagu.<ref>{{harvnb|Frazier|2005}}</ref> === Abbasid Caliphate o Cairo (1261–1517) === In the 9t century, the Abbasids creatit an airmy leal anerly tae thair caliphate, componed o non-Arab oreegin fowk, kent as [[Mamluks]].<ref name="István Vásáry 2005">{{harvnb|Vásáry|2005}}</ref><ref name="Isichei 1997 192">{{harvnb|Isichei|1997|p=192}}</ref><ref name="T. Pavlidis 2011">{{harvnb|Pavlidis|2010}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mikaberidze|2004}}</ref><ref name="bbs">{{harvnb|Visser|2005|p=19}}</ref> This force, creatit in the ring o [[al-Ma'mun]] (813–33) an his brither an successor [[al-Mu'tasim]] (833–42), preventit the forder disintegration o the empire. The Mamluk airmy, tho eften viewed negatively, baith helped an hurt the caliphate. Early on, it providit the govrenment wi a stable force tae address domestic an furrin problems. Houiver, creaution o this furrin airmy an al-Mu'tasim's transfer o the caipital frae Baghdad tae [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]] creatit a diveesion atween the caliphate an the fowks thay claimed tae rule. In addeetion, the pouer o the Mamluks steadily grew till [[al-Radi]] (934–41) wis constrained tae haund ower maist o the ryal functions tae [[Muhammad ibn Ra'iq]].<ref name="EB1911" /> == Culture == === Islamic Gowden Age === {{main|Islamic Gowden Age}} [[File:ManuscriptAbbasid.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Manuscript frae the Abbasid era]] The Abbasid historical period lastin tae the [[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|Mongol conquest o Baghdad]] in 1258 CE is conseedert the Islamic Gowden Age.<ref name="Tahir Abbas">{{harvnb|Abbas|2011|p=9}}</ref> The Islamic Gowden Age wis inauguratit bi the middle o the 8t century bi the ascension o the Abbasid [[Caliphate]] an the transfer o the caipital frae [[Damascus]] tae Baghdad.<ref name="Vartan">{{harvnb|Gregorian|2003}}</ref> The Abbassids war influenced bi the [[Qur'an]]ic injunctions an [[hadith]] sic as "the ink o a scholart is mair haly nor the bluid o a mairtyr" stressin the vailyie o knawledge. In this period the Muslim warld becam an intellectual centre for science, filosofie, medicine an eddication as <ref name="Vartan" /> the Abbasids championed the cause o knawledge an established the [[Hoose o Wicedom]] in Baghdad; whaur baith Muslim an nan-Muslim scholarts socht tae translate an gaither aw the warld's knawledge intae [[Arabic leid|Arabic]].<ref name="Vartan" /> Mony clessic warks o antiquity that wad itherwise hae been lost war translatit intae Arabic an Persie an later in turn translatit intae Turkis, Ebreu an Laitin.<ref name="Vartan" /> In this period the Muslim warld wis a caudron o culturs that collectit, synthesized an signeeficantly advanced the knawledge gained frae the auncient [[Auncient Roum|Roman]], Cheenese, [[History o Indie|Indie]], [[Sasanian Empire|Persie]], [[Auncient Egyp|Egyptian]], North African, [[Auncient Greece|Greek]] an [[Byzantine]] ceevilisations.<ref name="Vartan" /> "In virtually ivery field o endeavor—in astronomy, alchemy, mathematics, medicine, optics an so forth—the Caliphate's scientists war in the forefront o scienteefic advance."<ref>{{harvnb|Huff|2003|p=48}}</ref> === Science === [[File:Mustansiriya University CPT.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Mustansiriya Varsity]] in [[Baghdad]]]]The rings o [[Harun al-Rashid]] (786–809) an his successors fostered an age o great intellectual achievement. In lairge part, this wis the result o the schismatic forces that haed unnermined the Umayyad regime, that relied on the assertion o the superiority o [[Arab cultur]] as pairt o its claim tae legitimacy, an the Abbasids' welcomin o support frae nan-Arab Muslims. It is weel established that the Abbasid caliphs modeled thair admeenistration on that o the [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanids]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gibb|1982|p=66}}</ref> Harun al-Rashid's son, [[Al-Ma'mun]] (that's mither wis [[Persie fowk|Persie]]), is even quotit as sayin: {{quote |The Persies ruled for a thoosand years an did nae need us Arabs even for a day. We hae been rulin them for ane or twa centuries an canna dae withoot them for an oor.<ref>{{harvnb|Spuler|1960|p=29}}</ref>}} A nummer o medieval thinkers an scientists leevin unner Islamic rule played a role in transmittin [[Islamic science]] tae the Christian Wast. In addeetion, the period saw the rekivery o muckle o the [[Alexandria]]n mathematical, geometric an astronomical knawledge, sic as that o [[Euclid]] an Claudius [[Ptolemy]]. Thir rekivert mathematical methods war later enhanced an developit bi ither Islamic scholarts, notably bi [[Persie fowk|Persie]] scientists [[Al-Biruni]] an [[Abu Nasr Mansur]]. [[File:Al-Jaahith - African Arab Naturalist - Basra - al jahiz.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Jabir ibn Hayyan]], "the faither o [[Chemistry]]"<ref>{{harvnb|Derewenda|2007|p=247}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vallely|2006}}</ref>|left]] [[Christians]] (pairteecularly [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] Christians) contreibutit tae the Arab Islamic Ceevilisation in the [[Ummayads]] an the Abbasids bi translatin warks o [[Greek filosofers]] tae [[Syriac leid|Syriac]] an efterwart tae [[Arabic leid|Arabic]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hill|1993|p=4}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Brague|2009|p=164}}</ref> Nestorians played a prominent role in the formation o Arab cultur,<ref>{{harvnb|Hoiberg|2010a|p=612}}</ref> wi the [[Jundishapur]] schuil bein prominent in the late [[Sassanid]], [[Umayyad]] an early Abbasid periods.<ref>{{harvnb|Söylemez|2005|p=3}}</ref> Notably, aicht generations o the Nestorian [[Bukhtishu]] faimily served as preevat doctors tae caliphs an sultans atween the aicht an elevent centuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Bonner|Ener|Singer|2003|p=97}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ruano|Burgos|1992|p=527}}</ref> [[Algebra]] wis signeeficantly developit bi Persie scientist [[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] in this time in his laundmerk text, ''[[The Compendious Beuk on Calculation bi Completion an Balancin|Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala]]'', frae that the term ''algebra'' is derived. He is sicweys conseedert tae be the faither o algebra bi some,<ref>{{harvnb|Eglash|1999|p=61}}</ref> awtho the Greek mathematician [[Diophantus]] haes an aw been gien this teetle. The terms [[algorism]] an [[algorithm]] are derived frae the name o al-Khwarizmi, that wis an aw responsible for introducin the [[Arabic numerals]] an [[Hindu-Arabic numeral system]] ayont the [[Indie subcontinent]]. [[File:Alhazen (122459248).jpg|thumb|220px|[[Alhazen|Ibn al-Haytham]], "the faither o [[Optics]].<ref>{{harvnb|Verma|1969}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}}</ref>]] [[Arab]] scientist [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhazen) developed an early [[scienteefic method]] in his ''[[Beuk o Optics]]'' (1021). The maist important development o the scienteefic method wis the uise o experiments tae distinguish atween competin scienteefic theories set within a generally [[empiricism|empirical]] orientation, that begoud amang Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham's [[empirical]] pruif o the intromission theory o licht (that is, that licht rays entered the een raither than bein [[emission theory (veesion)|emittit bi them]]) wis pairteecularly important. Alhazen wis signeeficant in the [[history o scienteefic method]], pairteecularly in his approach tae experimentation,<ref>{{harvnb|Toomer|1964}}</ref> and has been referred to as the "world’s first true scientist".<ref>{{harvnb|Al-Khalili|2009}}</ref> [[Medicine in medieval Islam]] wis an aurie o science that advanced pairteecularly in the Abbasids' ring. In the 9t century, Baghdad conteened ower 800 doctors, an great diskiveries in the unnerstaundin o anatomy an diseases war made. The clinical distinction atween [[maisles]] and [[smawpox]] wis descrived in this time. Famous Persie scientist [[Ibn Sina]] (kent tae the Wast as [[Avicenna]]) produced treatises an warks that summarised the vast amoont o knawledge that scientists haed accumulatit, an wis verra influential throu his encyclopaedias, ''[[The Canon o Medicine]]'' an ''[[The Beuk o Healin]]''. The wark o him an mony ithers directly influenced the resairch o European scientists in the [[Renaissance]]. [[Alchemy an chemistry in medieval Islam|Muslim alchemists]] influenced medieval European alchemists, pairteecularly the writins attributit tae [[Jābir ibn Hayyān]] (Geber). A nummer o [[chemical process]]es sic as [[distillation]] techniques ear developed in the Muslim warld an then spreid tae Europe. === Leeteratur === [[File:More tales from the Arabian nights-14566176968.jpg|right|thumb|Illustration frae ''Mair tales frae the Arabian nichts'' (1915)]] The best kent feection frae the Islamic warld is ''[[The Beuk o Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts]]'', a collection o fantastical fowk tales, leegends an parables compiled primarily in the Abbassid era. The collection is recordit as haein oreeginatit frae an Arabic translation o a Sassanian era Persie prototeep, wi likely oreegins in Indie leeterar tradeetions. Stories frae [[Arabic leeteratur|Arabic]], [[Persie leeteratur|Persie]], [[Mesopotamie]], an [[Egyptian leeteratur|Egyptian]] fowklair an leeteratur war later incorporatit. The epic is believed tae hae taken shape in the 10t century an reached its feenal form bi the 14t century; the nummer an teep o tales hae varied frae ane manuscript tae anither.<ref name="arabianNights">{{Harvnb | Grant | Clute | 1999 | p = 51}}.</ref> Aw Arabian [[fantasie]] tales war eften cried "Arabian Nichts" whan translatit intae Inglis, regairdless o whether thay appeared in ''The Beuk o Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts''.<ref name="arabianNights" /> This epic haes been influential in the Wast syne it wis translatit in the 18t century, first bi [[Antoine Galland]].<ref>{{harvnb|de Camp|1976|p=10}}</ref> Many imitations were written, especially in France.<ref name="arabianNights2">{{harvnb|Grant|Clute|1999|p=52}}</ref> Various chairacters frae this epic hae themsels acome cultural icons in Wastren cultur, sic as [[Aladdin]], [[Sinbad]] an [[Ali Baba]]. A famous example o Islamic poetry on [[romance (luve)|romance]] wis ''[[Layla an Majnun]]'', an oreeginally [[Arabic]] story that wis faur developed bi [[Iranian fowks|Iranian]], [[Azerbaijani fowk|Azerbaijani]] an ither poets in [[Persian leid|Persian]], [[Azerbaijani leid|Azerbaijani]], [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] leids.<ref>{{harvnb|Clinton|2000|pp=15–16}}</ref> It is a [[Tragedy|tragic]] story of undying love much like the later ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Arabic poetry reached its greatest hicht in the Abbasid era, especially afore the loss o central authority an the rise o the Persianate dynasties. Writers lik [[Abu Tammam]] an [[Abu Nuwas]] war closely connectit tae the caliphal coort in Baghdad in the early 9t century, while ithers such as [[al-Mutanabbi]] received thair patronage frae regional coorts. === Filosofie === Ane o the common defineetions for "Islamic filosofie" is "the style o filosofie produced within the framewark o Islamic cultur."<ref name="RoutledgeEoP">{{harvnb|Leaman|1998}}</ref> Islamic filosofie, in this defineetion is naither necessarily concerned wi releegious issues, nor is exclusively produced bi Muslims.<ref name="RoutledgeEoP" /> Thair warks on [[Aristotle]] wis a key step in the transmission o learnin frae auncient Greeks tae the Islamic warld an the Wast. Thay eften correctit the filosofer, encouragin a lively debate in the speerit o [[ijtihad]]. Three speculative thinkers, [[al-Kindi]], [[al-Farabi]], an [[Avicenna]], combined [[Aristotelianism]] an [[Neoplatonism]] wi ither ideas introduced throu Islam, an [[Avicennism]] wis later established as a result. Ither influential Abbasid filosofers include [[al-Jahiz]], an [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen). === Airchitectur === [[File:Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg|thumb|[[Zumurrud Khatun Mosque|Zumurrud Khatun Tomb]] (1200 CE), in seemetry at [[Baghdad]]]] As the pouer shiftit frae the Umayyads tae the Abbasids, the airchitectur styles chynged an aw. The Christian styles evolved intae a style based mair on the [[Sasanian Empire]] utilisin mud bricks an baked bricks wi cairved stucco.<ref name=wil>{{harvnb|Wilber|1969|p=5}}</ref> Anither major development wis the creaution or vast enlairgement o ceeties as thay war turned intae the caipital o the empire. First, stairtin wi the creaution o Baghdad, stairtin in 762, that wis planned as a wawed ceety wi a mosque an pailace in the centre. The waws war tae hae fower gates tae exit the ceety. Al-Mansur, that wis responsible for the creaution o Baghdad, an aw planned the ceety o [[Raqqa]], alang the [[Euphrates]]. Feenally, in 836, al-Mu'tasim muived the caipital tae a new steid that he creatit alang the [[Tigris]], cried [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]]. This ceety saw 60 years o wark, wi race-coorses an gemme preserves tae add tae the atmosphere.<ref name=wil /> Due tae the dry remote naitur o the environment, some o the pailaces biggit in this era war isolatit havens. [[Al-Ukhaidir Fortress]] is a fine ensaumple o this teep o biggin that haes stables, leevin quarters, an a mosque, aw surroondin inner coortyairds.<ref name=wil /> Ither mosques o this era, sic as the [[Mosque o Ibn Tulun]], in [[Cairo]], an the [[Great Mosque o Kairouan]] in [[Tunisie]] while ultimately biggit in the Umayyad dynasty, it wis substantially renovatit in the 9t century. This renovation wis sae extensive as tae ostensibly be a rebig, wis in the faurest reaches o the Muslim warld, in an aurie that the [[Aghlabids]] controlled; houiver the styles utilized war mainly o the Abbasids.<ref>{{harvnb|Wilmer|1969|pp=5–6}}</ref> Mesopotamie anerly haes ane survivin [[mausoleum]] frae this era, in Samarra. This octagonal dome is the feenal restin place o [[al-Muntasir]].<ref name=wil2>{{harvnb|Wilber|1969|p=6}}</ref> Ither airchitectural innovations an styles war few, sic as the [[fower-centred airch|fower-centred arch]], an a dome erectit on [[squinch]]es. Unfortunately, muckle wis lost due tae the ephemeral naitur o the stucco an luster tiles.<ref name=wil2 /> === Technology === [[File:Wasseruhr Harun al Raschid.jpg|thumb|Illustration shawin a [[watter clock]] gien tae [[Charlemagne]] bi [[Harun al-Rashid]]]] In technology, the Abbasids adoptit [[papermakkin]] frae Cheenae.<ref name=Lucas>{{harvnb|Lucas|2005|p=10}}</ref> The uise o paper spreid frae Cheenae intae the caliphate in the 8t century CE, arrivin in [[al-Andalus]] (Islamic Spain) an then the rest o Europe in the 10t century. It wis easier tae manufactur nor [[pairchment]], less likely tae crack nor [[papyrus]], an coud resorb ink, makkin it ideal for makkin records an makkin copies o the Koran. "Islamic paper makkers devised assemmly-line methods o haund-copyin manuscripts tae turn oot edeetions faur lairger nor ony available in Europe for centuries."<ref>{{harvnb|Cotter|2001}}</ref> It wis frae the Abbasids that the rest o the warld learned tae mak paper frae linen.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunn|2003|p=166}}</ref> The knawledge o [[gunpouder]] wis an aw transmitted frae Cheenae via the caliphate, whaur the formulas for pure [[potassium nitrate]] an an [[explosive]] gunpouder effect war first developed.<ref>{{harvnb|al-Hassan|2002}}</ref> Advances war made in [[irrigation]] an fermin, uisin new technology sic as the [[windmill]]. Craps such as [[awmond]]s an [[citrus]] fruit war brocht tae Europe throu [[al-Andalus]], an succar cultivation wis gradually adoptit bi the Europeans. Apairt frae the [[Nile]], [[Tigris]] an [[Euphrates]], navigable rivers war uncommon, sae transport bi sea wis verra important. Navigational sciences war heichly developed, makkin uise o a rudimentary [[sextant]] (kent as a kamal). Whan combined wi detailed maps o the period, sailors war able tae sail athort oceans raither nor skirt alang the coast. Abbasid sailors war an aw responsible for reintroducin lairge three mastit merchant veshels tae the [[Mediterranean]]. The name [[caravel]] mey derive frae an earlier Arab ship kent as the ''qārib''.<ref>{{harvnb|Schwarz|2013}}</ref> Arab merchants dominatit tred in the Indie Ocean till the arrival o the Portuguese in the 16t century. [[Ormus|Hormuz]] wis an important centre for this tred. Thare wis an aw a dense netwark o tred routes in the [[Mediterranean]], alang that Muslim kintras treddit wi ilk ither an wi European pouers sic as [[Venice]] or [[Genoa]]. The [[Silk Road]] crossin Central Asie passed throu Abbasid caliphate atween Cheenae an Europe. == Notes == {{reflist|group=nb}} == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Bibliografie == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |last=Abbas |first=Tahir |title=Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdC90uc8PfQC&pg=PA9 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, UK |isbn=0-415-57225-8 |lccn=2009050163 |year=2011 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Al-Abbasi |first=A. M. M. |year=1986 |title=Nader al-Bayan fi Dhikr Ansab Baniabbassian |place=Doha |language=Persian |ref=harv}} * {{cite web |last=al-Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%202.html#_edn2 |title=Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises in Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: A Gap in the History of Gunpowder and Cannon |website=History of Science and Technology in Islam |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFEzyuzL?url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%202.html |year=2002 |deadurl=no |ref=harv |df=dmy }} * {{cite web |last=al-Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%2071.html |title=Transfer of Islamic Technology To The West: Part II: Transmission of Islamic Engineering |website=History of Science and Technology in Islam |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFG2aZCF?url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%2071.html |year=2002a |deadurl=no |ref=harv |df=dmy }} * {{cite web |last=al-Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%207.html |title=Transfer of Islamic Technology To The West: Part I: Avenues of Technology Transfer |website=History of Science and Technology in Islam |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFGHXcWB?url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%207.html |year=2002b |deadurl=no |ref=harv |df=dmy }} * {{cite book |last=Abbott |first=Nabia |title=Two queens of Baghdad: mother and wife of Hārūn al Rashīd |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1946 |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |title=The "First True Scientist" |publisher=BBC.co.uk |date=4 January 2009 |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFBZo7A9?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |deadurl=no |ref=harv |df=dmy }} * {{cite web |publisher=Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |title=The Islamic World to 1600 |access-date=30 October 2008 |year=2008 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005003551/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |archive-date=5 October 2008 }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-01-03 |archive-date=2008-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005003551/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |url-status=bot: unknown }} * {{cite journal |last=Anon |title=Deutsche Literaturzeitung für Kritik der Internationalen Wissenschaft |volume=49 |issue=27–52 |year=1928 |publisher=Weidmannsche Buchhandlung |language=de |trans-title=German Weekly Literary Journal for Criticism of the International Science |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Baker |first=Hugh D. 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Millet Company |location=Boston, MA |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Broomhall |first=Marshall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObcNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA25 |title=Islam in China: A Neglected Problem |year=1910 |publisher=London, Morgan & Scott Ltd. |location=Philadelphia, PA |chapter=II: China and the Arabs From the Rise of the Abbaside Caliphate |lccn=11003281 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last1=Carné |first1=Louis de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVMuAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295 |title=Travels in Indo-China and the Chinese Empire |year=1872 |publisher=Chapman and Hall |location=London, UK |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Chapuis |first=Oscar |title=A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofvietnam0000chap |year=1995 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-29622-7 |lccn=94048169 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Clinton |first=Jerome W. |editor-last1=Talattof |editor-first1=Kamran |editor-last2=Clinton |editor-first2=Jerome W. |title=The Poetry of Nizami Ganjavi: Knowledge, Love, and Rhetoric |url=https://archive.org/details/poetryofnizamiga0000unse |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2000 |lccn=99056710 |location=Houndmills, UK |isbn=0-312-22810-4 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=William Wager |last2=Yue |first2=Piyu |year=2008 |title=Challenges of the Muslim World: Present, Future and Past |url=https://archive.org/details/challengesofmusl0000coop |publisher=Emerald Group Publishing Limited |series=International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics |isbn=978-0-444-53243-5 |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Cotter |first=Holland |url=http://web.utk.edu/~persian/paper.htm |publisher=New York Times |title=The Story of Islam's Gift of Paper to the West |date=29 December 2001 |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFECAoqj?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/books/shelf-life-the-story-of-islam-s-gift-of-paper-to-the-west.html |ref=harv |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}{{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFECAoqj?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/books/shelf-life-the-story-of-islam-s-gift-of-paper-to-the-west.html |date=2015-05-03 }} * {{cite book |last=de Camp |first=L. 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L. |year=1969 |title=Al-Hazen: Father of Modern Optics |ref=harv}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Visser |first=Reidar |title=Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq |url={{Google books|pCC4ffbOv_YC|page=19|Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq | plainurl = yes}} |year=2005 |isbn=3-8258-8799-5 |publisher=Transaction Publisher |location=New Brunswick, NJ |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Wade |first=Geoffrey |editor1-last=Wade |editor1-first=Geoff |editor2-last=Tana |editor2-first=Li |chapter=Southeast Asian Islam and Southern China in the Fourteenth Century |title=Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |place=Singapore |year=2012 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Warren |first=John |year=2005 |title=War and the Cultural Heritage of Iraq: A Sadly Mismanaged Affair |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2005_26_4-5/page/815 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=4-5 |pages=815–30 |doi=10.1080/01436590500128048 |ref=harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Wilber |first=Donald N. |editor-last1=Myers |editor-first1=Bernard S. |editor-last2=Myers |editor-first2=Shirley D. |encyclopedia=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art |year=1969 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |location=New York, NY |volume=1: Aa-Ceylon |title=Abbasid Architecture |lccn=68026314 |ref=harv}} {{refend}} [[Category:Abbasid Caliphate| ]] [[Category:Arab dynasties]] [[Category:History o Iran]] [[Category:Medieval Iraq]] [[Category:States in medieval Anatolie]] [[Category:States in medieval Azerbaijan]] [[Category:750 establishments]] [[Category:1510s disestablishments in Asie]] [[Category:16t-century disestablishments in the Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Category:Umwhile caliphates]] 7ypyiv9es5iq2go9tx57f5iocor2q1q 0 125588 922144 796231 2026-08-28T10:20:47Z ~2026-46902-49 136368 Changed fae is tae was 922144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – present |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue-link = |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date =28th ae August, 2026 |death_place =Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; born 21 Februar 1937) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]], until his deeth oan the 28th ae August, 2026 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] i04zq9enw6nw80xaj9dqu8yb91v30rg 922145 922144 2026-08-28T10:29:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – present |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue-link = |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date =28th ae August, 2026 |death_place =Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]], until his deeth oan the 28th ae August, 2026 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] 5ebwysl9bs75z6csoub69yr91u6n117 922146 922145 2026-08-28T10:29:47Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Recent daith 922146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}}{{Infobox royalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – present |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue-link = |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date =28th ae August, 2026 |death_place =Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]], until his deeth oan the 28th ae August, 2026 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] 4rm4i2l46bkakalwymk9xcc0mp455m0 922147 922146 2026-08-28T10:30:52Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}}{{Infobox royalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – present |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue-link = |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date =28th ae August, 2026 |death_place =Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] frae 1991 till his daith in 2026. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] raiz9gtrrch56jzup93xzbkq066jd93 922148 922147 2026-08-28T10:31:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox ryalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – present |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue-link = |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date =28th ae August, 2026 |death_place =Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] frae 1991 till his daith in 2026. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] a2z83efm1hfwn6kdcjcctxs5wudgwzv 922149 922148 2026-08-28T10:31:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox ryalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – 28 August 2026 |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue-link = |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date =28th ae August, 2026 |death_place =Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] frae 1991 till his daith in 2026. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] 4dkvhibvp7jj2z9v7kx4crsd9z2pd32 922150 922149 2026-08-28T10:33:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox ryalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – 28 August 2026 |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date = 28 August 2026 (aged 89) |death_place = Oslo, Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] frae 1991 till his daith in 2026. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] qg3txripa17e7rwhoa4io463nx7p12t 922151 922150 2026-08-28T10:34:00Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox ryalty |name = Harald V |image = H.M. Kong Harald taler (10308347696)- edit.jpg |caption = Keeng Harald V in 2013 |succession = [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] |reign = 17 Januar 1991 – 28 August 2026 |cor-type = Benediction |coronation = 23 Juin 1991<ref>Coronation discardit bi constitutional amendment in 1908. Harald V swore the Ryal Oath in the [[Storting]] on 21 Januar 1991 an received the benediction in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] on 23 Juin 1991.</ref> |predecessor = [[Olav V o Norawa|Olav V]] |suc-type = Heir apparent |successor = [[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norawa|Croun Prince Haakon]] |reg-type = {{nowrap|[[Prime Meenister o Norawa|Prime Meenisters]]}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>[[Thorbjørn Jagland]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Kjell Magne Bondevik]]<br>[[Jens Stoltenberg]]<br>[[Erna Solberg]]}} |spouse = [[Queen Sonja o Norawa|Sonja Haraldsen]] |issue = [[Princess Märtha Louise o Norawa|Princess Märtha Louise]]<br>[[Haakon, Croun Prince o Norway|Croun Prince Haakon]] |house = [[Hoose o Glücksburg]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Family|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> |father = [[Olav V o Norawa]] |mother = [[Princess Märtha o Swaden]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|2|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skaugum]], [[Norawa]] |death_date = 28 August 2026 (aged 89) |death_place = [[Oslo]], Norawa |religion = [[Kirk o Norawa|Lutheranism]] |signature = Harald V of Norway Signature.svg |}} '''Harald V''' ({{IPA-no|ˈhɑrːɑɫ}}; 21 Februar 1937 – 28 August 2026) wis the [[Leet o Norse monarchs|Keeng o Norawa]] frae 1991 till his daith in 2026. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harald 05 Of Norway}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Balliol College, Oxford]] [[Category:Holmenkollen medallists]] [[Category:Hoose o Glücksburg (Norawa)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Norse Lutherans]] [[Category:Norse monarchs]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Dens strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Norse fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Norse sailors (sport)]] [[Category:Olympic sailors o Norawa]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Oslo Cathedral Schuil]] [[Category:Protestant monarchs]] [[Category:Regents o Norawa]] [[Category:Ryal Olympic pairteecipants]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1964 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1968 Simmer Olympics – 5.5 Metre]] [[Category:Sailors at the 1972 Simmer Olympics – Solin]] [[Category:Varsity o Oslo alumni]] [[Category:Norse Militar Academy alumni]] <!-- Orders and honours --> [[Category:Cordons o the Order o Stara Planina]] [[Category:Extra Knichts Companion o the Gairten]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Prince Henry]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o Saunt James o the Swuird]] [[Category:Grand Collars o the Order o the Soothren Cross]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Adolphe o Nassau]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o Aviz]] [[Category:Grand Crosses Special Cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Croun (Netherlands)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Starn o Romanie]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the White Dooble Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Ryal Norse Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Cheen o the Order o Meerit o the Republic o Hungary (ceevil)]] [[Category:Grand Crosses wi Gowden Cheen o the Order o Vytautas the Great]] [[Category:Grand Order o Keeng Tomislav recipients]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cordon o the Order o Chula Chom Klao]] [[Category:Knichts Grand Cross wi Collar o the Order o Meerit o the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Gowd Lion o the Hoose o Nassau]] [[Category:Recipients o the Collar o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Starn o the Decoration for Services tae the Republic o Austrick]] [[Category:Recipients o the Naitional Service Medal (Norawa)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Olympic Order]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o al-Hussein bin Ali]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Phoenix (Greece)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Ryal Victorian Cheen]] [[Category:Recipients o the St. Olav's Medal]] [[Category:Knichts o the Order o the White Eagle (Poland)]] 9xivgc8c472pifzcjkb5ww7o13pr9ir 2 225865 922132 922080 2026-08-27T23:10:48Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 922132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item (wdt:P495)* wd:Q22 } |sort=label |columns=label:label,P31,P18,P571,P577,P136 |thumb=128 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! label ! instance o ! eemage ! date o foondation or creation ! date o publication ! genre |- | ''[[:d:Q16323131|100 Pipers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:100 Pipers bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4638043|44 Scotland Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48814513|5 Star Wrestling]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130348409|A Bear Named Wojtek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17517379|animated short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202866|animatit film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656103|A Cool Head]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30638714|A Dark so Deadly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q347332|A Disaffection]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656829|A Foot in the Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107680425|A frog he would a-wooing go]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1549" | 1549 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4657112|A Good Hanging and Other Stories]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3549611|A Legend of Montrose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Walter Scott Legend of Montrose Illustration.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q120097613|A little child the Saviour came]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408011|A Lost Lady of Old Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55081833|A Practical Guide to a Spectacular Suicide]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4659095|A Question of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659137|A Ramble Round the Globe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q103296523|A Rooster, "Gallas Furcatus," Forked Tail Wild Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103296534|A Rooster, "Gallus Oeneus," Wild Golden Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4359779|A Song of Stone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[Science fiction|science feection]]<br/>''[[:d:Q197949|post-apocalyptic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659839|A Stranger Came Ashore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-07 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''<br/>[[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4660121|A Thread of Scarlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4646807|A' Cleachdadh na Gàidhlig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137165572|Abaire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113336119|Abandoned Stars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5741069|rock baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-15 | | [[Progressive metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q212348|Aberdeen Angus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Angus cattle 10.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Abernethy biscuit]] | | [[File:Abernethy Biscuits..jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138880137|Ablutions]]'' | ''[[:d:Q580807|albumen print]]'' | [[File:Ablutions (2015.67.61).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96192714|Accidents and disasters on land]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Accidents and disasters on land.pdf|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4691060|Against a Dark Background]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399495|Ah, Chloris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11019883|Air ais air an Ran Dan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q13484144|Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013<br/>2020 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53866684|Aironauts]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q10299630|Amélia II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia II (3º) croped.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4749698|An Account of Capers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16821450|An Account of Corsica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:An Account of Corsica, title page.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138179461|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135529092|Analecta Graeca Minora]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790s | |- | ''[[:d:Q4751170|Anam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30590462|Ancestor Stones]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4753430|And the Land Lay Still]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104791679|Andrina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2851345|Anne of Geierstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Anne of G 1829.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108856925|Aon Teanga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4784939|Arbroath smokie]]'' | | [[File:Arbroath Smokies - geograph.org.uk - 481678.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121628098|Argyll aircraft engine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Argyll aircraft engine.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1252344|Armageddon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]''<br/>[[beer]] | [[File:Brewmeister Armageddon label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2600426|Arms of Mary]]'' | ''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1992 | [[pop muisic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2047814|Palingsound]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104099453|Art and archaeology papers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399249|Auld Gudeman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102961830|Autumn River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:Autumn River - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1979.0303P.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q793281|Ayrshire cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Biggle cow book (Plate III) (6835787694).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30646489|Bad Hotel]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q687397|Ballantine's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]'' | [[File:Scotch Whisky (aka).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56275857|Band of the Royal Regiment of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1078286|military band]]'' | [[File:The Band of The Royal Regiment of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q86752397|Bannan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108472340|Battalion of Flies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Bay City Rollers]] | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:BayCityRollers1976RobBogaerts.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]]<br/>''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837837|power pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76092|glam rock]]''<br/>[[pop muisic]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89285051|Beach Bounce]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q37619|Bearded Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Bearded Collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61642181|Beats]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-01-24<br/>2019-05-17<br/>2019-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4880450|Beggars Banquet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4883072|Bell's whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:BellScotch.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816198|Belted Galloway]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4885960|Ben Jonson Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399616|Bess the Gawkie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122310744|Big Crown: Showdown]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-14 | |- | ''[[:d:Q51756400|Big Gold Dream]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q26492705|Bird Magic No. 10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[abstract airt]] |- | ''[[:d:Q471241|Bis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3612973|Black & Blue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4920219|Black & White]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black & White (whisky) bottle 04.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Black bun]] | | [[File:Black bun cut open.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16971600|Black Dog Scotch Whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black Dog Scotch Whisky Logo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4922585|Blackbird]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q21010853|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25635147|Blas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11483816|annual event]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4925907|Bleeding Hearts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4927621|Blood Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q24256086|Bloons TD 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q885603|Blue Angels Motorcycle Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q182391|motorcycle club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849110|outlaw motorcycle club]]'' | [[File:Blue Angels Erpe-Mere.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399465|Blue bonnets over the border]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297548|Blue Flower]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38450|Blue Paul Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4929839|Blue Shoes and Happiness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137649426|Blàrag a' Bhò]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4934527|Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-12 | ''[[:d:Q1153173|educational entertainment]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34222620|Bonnie Chirsty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37710|border collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Argentine border collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407754|Border Life]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326445|Boreray sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Boreray Ewes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16845069|Bothy band]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3066180|bouncy techno]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106648058|Bowie family of Maryland]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4952596|Boyracers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q223945|Bildungsroman]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21997425|Break the Chains]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109923688|Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q108611897|horse racing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q63610141|Breve Historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03 | |- | [[Bridie]] | | [[File:Bridie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16846610|Brighton Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4975393|Brose]]'' | [[fuid]] | [[File:Atholl brose.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138773600|Brothers Reid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297846|Brount]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q32094891|Brut@l]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-09 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106511534|Bubba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15632617|feectional human]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569167|gemme character]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4982543|Buchanan's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4984149|Buddha Da]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20200837|Bunessan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16954518|Bunkered]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20638877|Butcher's Broom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | [[Butterie]] | | [[File:Aberdeen Buttery.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Caber toss]] | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Caber 2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5016556|Cado Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37888|Cairn Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Cairn-Terrier-Garten1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136001349|Cala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5019561|calf's liver and bacon]]'' | | [[File:Calf's liver, bacon and mash at Staplefield, West Sussex, England 1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128969|Calimero]]'' | ''[[:d:Q63952888|anime television series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5027077|Camp Coffee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle, essence (AM 629460).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5030993|Canal Dreams]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q131303582|Canty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q617216|caramel shortbread]]'' | | [[File:Millionaire's shortbread.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3221381|Castle Dangerous]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-11 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5050556|Castlemilk Moorit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Borris the ram shorn.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2277829|Catriona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Catriona (novel).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107537699|Chaotic Youth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621198|Chick's Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5098501|Children of This Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1069502|Chivas Regal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:Chivas regal 12yo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4021847|Christmas Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105702790|Christmas video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17352486|Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Chronicles of the Canongate 1st series.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | |- | [[Clapshot]] | | [[File:Clapshot and oatcakes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q463230|claymore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]'' | [[File:Scottish claymore replica (Albion Chieftain)2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Clootie dumplin]] | | [[File:Clootie dumpling.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25217364|Close to the Bone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5136184|Club Cupid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[reality telly]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115740539|Club Life]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-04-13 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | [[Clydesdale horse]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:3 Clydesdale horses.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Cock-a-leekie]] | | [[File:Cock-a-leekie Soup.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124851344|Come, Holy Spirit , descend on us]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585929|Come, Labor On]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q122378424|Commands & Colors: Ancients]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28945174|CommonSpace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1153191|online newspaper]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156663|Complicity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156775|composite rules shinty–hurling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5158085|Conall Cra Bhuidhe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827781|Conquer the Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5163254|Consolevania]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q747339|contra dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | [[File:Glen Echo Park contra dance.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139023201|Conversations in Gaelic and English]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q1346592|bitext]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410671|Corryvreckan]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3436601|Count Robert of Paris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133224168|Countrywoman's Calendar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16952451|Crabbie's]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383629|Crabbit Granny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5180351|Cracked]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] |- | [[cranachan]] | ''[[:d:Q182940|dessert]]'' | [[File:Cranachan (4332953688).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002602|Crime]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109620644|Crimond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5188589|Crossfire]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57705951|Cruinn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136001121|Culla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Cullen skink]] | [[soup]] | [[File:Cullen Skink.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849873|Cunningham]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202444|gien name]]'' | | | | |- | [[Curlin]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]'' | [[File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3007961|Cutty Sark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle of Cutty Sark Scotch Whisky with box.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-03-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126477332|Cygni: All Guns Blazing]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-08-06 | ''[[:d:Q1044478|shoot 'em up]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410399|Côr Harmony]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38336|Dandie Dinmont Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4037031|Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q208189|real-time strategy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18350426|Dateline Scotland]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585958|Day is Done]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5243100|Daybreak Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245078|Dead Air]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112031241|Dead Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Dead Pony (52072572184).jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3617562|Dead Souls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245442|Dead Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5247573|Death of a Ladies' Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-07-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80657151|Debate Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q181761|deep-fried Mars bar]]'' | | [[File:DeepFriedMarsBar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3301197|deep-fried pizza]]'' | ''[[:d:Q116392487|type of pizza]]'' | [[File:Deep Fried Pizza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251004|Deeside]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251821|Degrassi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | [[Dewar's]] | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:DewarsLogo.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846 | | |- | [[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]] | ''[[:d:Q3327521|online dictionary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131344705|dictionary of the Scots language]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9207544|Dimple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5280892|Dirk dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66456966|Discovery and Excavation in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q21834496|archaeology journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5296225|Donkey Punch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5297243|Doors Open]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q115803710|Doughnuts and Doom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q725377|graphic novel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2561438|slice of life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18150777|Downfall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | [[Drambuie]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:New drambuie bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109405060|Dujanah]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17505244|Dumfries Courier]]'' | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | | |- | [[Dundee cake]] | | [[File:Dundee cake.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1266163|Dunlop cheese]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire's Dunlop Cheese.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56279760|Dàin do Eimhir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5325340|Eagleowl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Eagleowl promo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1317816|indie folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q959914|Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002812|Edinburgh Crystal]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338215|Edinburgh Law Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746654|law review]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338306|Edinburgh rock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confectionery]]'' | [[File:Edinburgh Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137360821|Eemis Stane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5357317|Electric Brae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q83742490|Enough of Him]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | [[Drama]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31970514|Epic Battle Fantasy 4]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q112132374|Epic Battle Fantasy 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q5923834|Japanese role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2246627|Eriskay Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Eriskay pony beinn sciathan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398772|Espedair Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5399160|Espresso Tales]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q1347298|serialized fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5399414|Essays on Philosophical Subjects]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524602|Ettrick Banks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22075098|Even Dogs in the Wild]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-11-05 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5420395|Exit Music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-09-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q102964839|Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1980.013.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107529619|External Menace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621188|Fantasmagoria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102964931|Far from the Sea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5435395|Farl]]'' | [[breid]] | [[File:Ben W Bell Soda Bread Farl 05 June 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q92480206|Fast & Furious: Adrenaline]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5437606|Father Hilary's Holiday]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437626|Father Malachy's Miracle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524785|Fee him, Father]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20012196|FFS]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:FFS (Franz Ferdinand & Sparks) @ Albert Hall, Manchester 25-8-2015 (20284011824).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15749735|Film-Philosophy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1256352|Filth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | [[Finnan haddie]] | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965122|Five Colours]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3797845|Fleshmarket Close]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5464691|Follow Follow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244114|For ever, Fortune]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25171666|Forward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5479814|Francie and Josie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5493518|Fraochy Bay]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q411924|Frazier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5504828|fritter roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83450990|From Scenes Like These]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18611377|From The Doctor to my son Thomas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110879246|video work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q471839|science feection film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3088307|Fromage d'Ayrshire]]'' | | [[File:Block of Ayrshire cheese.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506087|Frontline]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506409|fruit pudding]]'' | | [[File:Scottish breakfast pack.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5511555|Féillire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7832290|Gaelic folk music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q106537557|music by ethnic group]]''<br/>[[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16148439|Gaelic music]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5516932|Gahn family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>''[[:d:Q62274319|Swedish unintroduced noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66760350|Galaxy Girls]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q505149|Gallagher and Lyle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109288825|male duo]]'' | [[File:Gallagher and Lyle On Stage In Greenock.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[pop muisic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q613408|country rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5519004|Gallery Whispers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124609645|Galloway Adriatic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Galloway Adriatic.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12018056|Galloway Atlantic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Paired Galloway Atlantic engines in a Handley Page V1500.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q935155|Galloway cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Galloway.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126326631|Galloway News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1868552|local newspaper]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138645059|Gangsta Bang - Introduction]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3414877|quest]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5523709|Garnock Way]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5564471|Girl in May]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q19765983|romantic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5416645|Glasgow Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1110794|daily newspaper]]''<br/>[[wabsteid]] | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382842|Glasgow's Docklands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | [[Glayva]] | | [[File:Glayva.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q154306|glen plaid]]'' | | [[File:Glen Plaid aka Prince of Wales check pattern.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840s | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5567537|Glen's Vodka]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2262510|Glue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125700841|Gnoss]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q125027573|Go, labor on; spend, and be spent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38686|Golden Retriever]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Golden Retriever Dukedestiny01 drvd.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5582797|Good Morning Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131538174|Good Words for the Young]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11780435|monthly magazine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1029418|children's magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584773|Gordon & MacPhail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38301|Gordon Setter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Orrvilas enska w800px.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Gowf]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212434|Olympic sport]]''<br/>[[habby]] | [[File:Golfer swing.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94830|Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-17 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | [[File:GTA The Ballad of Gay Tony at Igromir 2009 (4081942358).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-29 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85422949|video game with LGBT character]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4039669|Grant's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Full Range Grant's Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122362135|Grants Whisky Price in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]'' | [[File:Grant's Whisky 01.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100414305|Greazy Puzzy Fuckerz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:GPF on The Black stage Defqon1 - 2024-06-30.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q388906|hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34523520|Gree, bairnies, gree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1546243|Grice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18786396|pig breed]]'' | [[File:Grice reconstructed.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17778527|Grieg]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q84224774|Guilt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-24<br/>2019-10-30<br/>2019-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q2101714|police film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136384475|Gun Ghaol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[metalcore]] |- | [[haggis]] | | [[File:Haggis Mo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[haggis hurlin]] | [[sport]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877220|haggis pakora]]'' | | [[File:Haggis pakora.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5639068|Haig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle Haig Whiskey.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965929|Half Mile Walk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5642753|Hallam Foe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q184865|hammer throw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:John Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85234272|Hatted kit]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Hawick News]] | [[newspaper]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587139|Head for the Edge, Keep Walking]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109566683|Heavy Events]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1816033|competitive sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21654660|traditional sport]]'' | | data-sort-value="-1829" | -1829 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12059770|Hebridean]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean ram.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10518891|Hebridean pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean pony 1905.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q58903|Heelain cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:HighlandCow.01.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124357837|Heisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q116792313|Henderson family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5713678|Hendrick's Gin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>[[gin]] | [[File:Hendrick's gin 001.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600178|Hey, my bonnie wee lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5752197|Hide and Seek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[Hieland gemmes]] | ''[[:d:Q18608583|recurring sporting event]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82821|tradition]]'' | [[File:2006 Highland Games (4000821702).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Hieland pownie]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Platier oye poney highland bis.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q165704|high jump]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Yelena Slesarenko jumping 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5757308|High Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4345100|Highland Laddie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q211025|march]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599840|Highland Minstrel Boy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5759100|Highland River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Kenn and the Salmon.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5759332|Highlands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q7603925|documentary television program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5774258|Historical fencing in Scotland]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138950054|Hoagie]]'' | | [[File:Hoagie wrap - interior.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979295|hodden]]'' | | [[File:Hodden Grey.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5883004|Hollywood Undercover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1951776|Hooper Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59557805|unreleased album]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2076441|How Late It Was, How Late]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q120784241|iBomber Defense Pacific]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5990951|If You Liked School You'll Love Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6008981|In Another Light]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22251966|In the Cold Dark Ground]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4171155|In the Company of Cheerful Ladies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16994870|In:Demand Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108784923|Industria]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-30<br/>2022-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6035751|Innes Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6052728|International Research in Children's Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140814705|Interurban Developments Ltd]]'' | ''[[:d:Q783794|company]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2089936|consulting company]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69883|urban plannin]]'' | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-11 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121320619|Introduction to Data Mining]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107495778|Inyal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827651|Iomain]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635039|Iomall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | [[Irn-Bru]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Barr IRN-BRU Sugar Free (3 of 3).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60594312|Iron]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1676212|I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6168304|Jazz Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408003|John Burnet of Barns]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386474|John Macnab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1232629|John Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2085381|publisher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1320047|book publisher]]'' | [[File:Murray John First.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | | |- | [[Johnnie Walker]] | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2424752|product]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Johnnie Walker Red Label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127273724|Johnstone Pipe Band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877127|Joseph Knight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6294829|Journal of Beckett Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15709992|Journal of Scottish Historical Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6296188|Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131749566|Jules and Greg's Wild Swim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326476|Kailyard school]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3326717|literary movement]]'' | | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6375447|Kate Crackernuts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 210 illustration in English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6383736|Keiller's marmalade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1252971|food manufacturer]]'' | [[File:Keillers marmalade cropped.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114051611|Kelvingrove]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6407655|Killie pie]]'' | | [[File:Killie Pies and Peas.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83455708|Kinnaris Quintet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102966954|Knackers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Knackers - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1971-070.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6423081|Knots and Crosses]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16871486|Knox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18344787|Lady Agnew of Lochnaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:John Singer Sargent - Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1892).jpeg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | | ''[[:d:Q134307|portrait]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q96278979|Lagavulin 16 years whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q902887|Islay single malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Single Islay Malt Whisky 16 years old.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q280|Lagavulin distillery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Destillery.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6473776|Laidlaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6474100|Laird of Burnbrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q355567|ryal or noble rank]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5737899|hereditary title]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6482902|Lanark: A Life in Four Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | [[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q140681292|Las Vegas Tycoon]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102967917|Laughing - Crying]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16932445|Legit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6532725|Let It Bleed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113022702|LF System]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]'' | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | | ''[[:d:Q20502|house]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138798492|Liberty City Chapter 1: Gangsta Bang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q133296086|video game chapter]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6545063|Life and Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | [[Limmy's Show]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6552852|Lindsay of Evelix]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18759100|baronetcy]]''<br/>[[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635047|Linne Dhomhain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48699803|Live at Five]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126364793|Locomotive No. 10 El Esla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q785745|tank locomotive]]'' | [[File:Locomotive No. 10 El Esla - Sabero 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52243731|Logan Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244260|Logan Water]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17015965|London Calling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q263673|lorne sausage]]'' | | [[File:Cooked Scottish square sausage.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3823287|Lot No. 249]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Doyle - Une momie qui ressuscite.djvu|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9103398|Love Fist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6619719|fictional musical ensemble]]'' | | | | [[Heavy metal muisic|heavy metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3265916|Luckenbooth brooch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q499916|brooch]]'' | [[File:Luckenbooth brooches .jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386804|Luckypenny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1720712|Luing cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208989|beef cattle]]'' | [[File:Luing Cattle.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235797|Machair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108829896|Mackenzie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6724904|Maconochie]]'' | | [[File:Maconochie army ration, Musée Somme 1916, pic-110.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6726755|Made in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134585656|Manual Of Bacteriological Technique and Special Bacteriology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3992409|Marabou Stork Nightmares]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q109581872|experimental novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q919929|Marmion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Marmion 1st ed.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1808" | 1808 | ''[[:d:Q474090|narrative poetry]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114390692|Martyrdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386904|Marx the First]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25390447|Master Rallye]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | [[Maud]] | | [[File:Sir John Watson Gordon - James Hogg, 1770 - 1835. Poet; 'The Ettrick Shepherd' - Google Art Project.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Mealie]] | | [[File:Irish black and white pudding slices.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102320800|Mediaeval Scandinavia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112001238|Medicine Cabinet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6942541|musical collective]]'' | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6807652|Meeow!]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-05 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6815614|Memories and Portraits]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q135512349|Men in Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q787667|Middle of the Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Middle Of The Road 925-3455.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[pop muisic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q997481|bubblegum music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6843484|Midwinter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923 | |- | ''[[:d:Q343749|Milligan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1936983|Miniature Shetland pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96393620|Modern Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3860275|Molly's Lips]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21030926|Monkey Shoulder]]'' | ''[[:d:Q944887|blended malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Monkey Shoulder Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148560|Morality for Beautiful Girls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3222487|More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Le dynamiteur.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6914355|Mortal Causes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6915172|Morvern Callar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6918341|Motormark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | ''[[:d:Q861823|electroclash]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56580|digital hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6935684|munchy box]]'' | | [[File:Munchy Box.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106306552|Murderous Pursuits]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-26 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6938794|Murmuring the Judges]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q62067286|Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82799|name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599929|My Highland home]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600031|My Nannie, O]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q61447836|My Romantic History]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599707|My wife has ta'en the gee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16998421|Nae Danger]]'' | | [[File:Nae Danger Brosef.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106584188|Neon Podcast Evangelion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011790|anime and manga podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105885182|science fiction podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105908617|film and television podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55114857|Night Kaleidoscope]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126834917|No Scotland No Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2489759|football chant]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114909458|sports anthem]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35734131|Nora's Vow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | [[North Ronaldsay sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:North ron sheep.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406327|North Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7062764|Nothing Human Left]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7065883|Now You See It]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114105442|NRP Albéria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]'' | [[File:Patrulha Albéria.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112920258|NRP Açor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202527|minesweeper]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3308902|naval trawler]]'' | [[File:Caça-Minas Açor (2º) (1916-1918).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113866724|NRP Tomás Andrea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2074370|minehunter]]'' | [[File:Caça-minas Thomáz Andréa (Tomás Andréa).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4320515|oatmeal raisin cookie]]'' | | [[File:Oatmeal Cookies with orange zest, golden raisins, and chocolate chips.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62604270|Observation]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27670585|science fiction video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16874548|Ochiltree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587083|Of the Balance of Trade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1752" | 1752 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7078954|Off the Ball]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140090056|Off The Boat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q98528277|Celtic folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q42967802|Ogilvie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16880666|Ogilvy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q844519|Oh No! More Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3234969|Old Mortality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales of My Landlord 1st series 1st edition.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102969297|On Imaginative Space]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7094173|Only Fade Away]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7095381|Ooops!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q725120|OpenTTD]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>[[free saftware]] | [[File:Cardhill Transport, 2000-06-25.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q1198141|business simulation game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106580670|Orphans of the Tide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-18<br/>2020-02-20 | ''[[:d:Q111984153|young adult fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7107453|Ossian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28452476|Out of Bounds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1646194|oxford]]'' | | [[File:Oxford cloth.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38980|Paisley Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Paisley1903.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7134646|Paragraph]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7140169|Partan bree]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102969608|Pastoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382671|Petrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q65197873|Philp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | [[File:00 1953 Folklore - bagpipe player.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816195|plaid]]'' | | [[File:GrantPiper.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Plain laif]] | | [[File:Plain bread.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225175|Politics Now]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225719|Pollok, Gilmour and Company]]'' | [[Business|buisiness]] | | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7228828|Poor Things]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123322|Porno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7232652|Portuguese Irregular Verbs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7234119|Postcode Challenge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7239029|Prayer for the Living]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q21803247|military fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2068990|Prince Otto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Prince Otto (first edition) (title page).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47074303|Pringle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3409032|unisex gien name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7246044|Private Angelo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | ''[[:d:Q128758|satire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908667|war novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q97356280|Project Moonbase]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105580963|music podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105011645|comedy podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124356748|Psychoanalytic studies of personality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20540385|non-fiction literary work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-01 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018459|Publications of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q953459|quaich]]'' | | [[File:Robinwoodquaich.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2469230|Quentin Durward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q134717368|Quentin Durward (1912 edition)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135209247|Quick As Thieves]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7283174|Ragnarawk]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q584105|music video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q28127686|Rather Be the Devil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7296891|Raw Spirit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | |- | [[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1366112|drama television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018559|Recent advances in surgery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018570|Records of the Scottish Church History Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | [[Red Kola]] | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | |- | [[Reestit mutton]] | | [[File:Reestit mutton in butcher's window, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1590613.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130975239|Reforj]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q116278106|survival sandbox video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7309799|Reheated Cabbage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7312846|Rendition: Guantanamo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61475894|cancelled/unreleased video game]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7316544|Resurrection Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q99630482|rivlin]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383631|Robot Three]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135656125|Roll of the Baronage of Scotland]]'' | [[wabsteid]]<br/>''[[:d:Q33270056|genealogy database]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7094076|online database]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9312094|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Time Twister]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11835185|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Wacky Worlds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-18 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9312099|RollerCoaster Tycoon: Corkscrew Follies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362712|Romanno Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362837|Romanticism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64632119|Rosa ‘Alec’s Red’]]'' | ''[[:d:Q26817508|rose cultivar]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1825420|Rose's lime juice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Rose's Lime Juice.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018832|Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh publication]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7374788|Royal Salute whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Chivas38years.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116609986|Rumahoy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Rumahoy.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | | ''[[:d:Q3389124|pirate metal]]''<br/>[[Fowk metal]]<br/>[[Pouer metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7380801|Rushen Coatie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 150 illustration in More English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132175284|Saber Came to Tea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48811805|Sacred Paws]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Sacred Paws at Rough Trade.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399865|Sae flaxen were her ringlets]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7398517|Safe as Houses]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17017964|Saints of the Shadow Bible]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q88296934|Saor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Saor Dark Troll 2023 02.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | ''[[:d:Q65937017|atmospheric black metal]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7420877|Saorsa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q56289964|Sarah's Room]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q110941133|Scathe]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27902416|Schaw Statutes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q234460|text]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34221604|Scornfu' Nancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scot Squad]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scotch ale]] | ''[[:d:Q1998962|beer style]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896374|Scotch broth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18697490|lamb dish]]'' | [[File:Lunch at Inveraray Castle - Scotch broth (14342541740).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3476136|Scotch Fancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20011823|canary breed]]'' | [[File:Our canaries (18960100635).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotch pie]] | | [[File:Scotch pie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q140937730|type of whisky]]'' | [[File:The World of Scotch Whisky.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotland]] | [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|constituent kintra o the Unitit Kinrick]] | [[File:Scotland from satellite.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="843" | 843 | | |- | [[Scotland the Brave]] | [[Naitional anthem]] | [[File:Scotland the Brave.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406251|Scotland Today]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435657|Scotland Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15607891|Scotland's Future]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107473448|Scotland's Home of the Year]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125471642|Scotland's National]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125471605|national tartan]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1125192|Scots Confession]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183770|Christian creed]]'' | [[File:Scots Confession.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1560" | 1560 | |- | [[Scots Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Scotish terrier burleska 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435802|Scotsmac]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Scotsport]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2878361|Scottish Backhold]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37929|Scottish Deerhound]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Deerhound 305.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437707|Scottish Dunface]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42636|Scottish Fold]]'' | ''[[:d:Q43577|cat breed]]'' | [[File:Purple-scottish-fold.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3094259|Scottish Gaelic punk]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28820001|musical scene]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762641|The Scottish Historical Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437800|Scottish Journal of Theology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437854|Scottish Medical Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q73897617|toll-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5953270|hybrid open access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24993955|Scottish Morning Roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1970833|Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69502940|polar expedition]]'' | [[File:Scotia on Laurie Island.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437943|Scottish Review of Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163546|Secret of the Sands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124643088|Seeds of Desolation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Daith metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113539840|Sena]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Sena (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10605137|Set in Darkness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q633547|sgian-dubh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15142889|weapon family]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland (TV series)|Shetland]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17019069|Shetland cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Muscliff, Shetland Cattle - geograph.org.uk - 734933.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495670|Shetland duck]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110536225|duck breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495662|Shetland Goose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59453852|goose breed]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland pownie|Shetland pony]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland pony (2).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shetland sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland sheep moorit.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shinty]] | | [[File:CabersGlasgow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106586985|Shipwreck Island]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-04 | ''[[:d:Q1233720|young adult literature]]'' |- | [[shortbreid]] | | [[File:Shortbread fingers.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q180935|shot put]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Remigius Machura senior CZ championships in athletics Kladno 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7504321|Shrug]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Shrug - December 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q20713615|SIA Scotch Whisky]]'' | | [[File:SIA Scotch Whisky Bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019022|Sidewalk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q179221|Silly Wizard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Silly Wizard2007.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748836|Simple Minds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:-NIMES -170618 Nimes SM2018 mk2 MG 9308-Edit.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | ''[[:d:Q187760|new wave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q379033|arena rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399972|Sing on, sing on]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407918|Sir Quixote of the Moors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q205234|siren]]'' | | [[File:Pneumatic siren.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117743230|Six Four]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3486108|Skagboys]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535484|Skinner's Ghosts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535486|Skinner's Mission]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535488|Skinner's Ordeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535492|Skinner's Round]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535490|Skinner's Rules]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535493|Skinner's Trail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535893|skirlie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746549|dish]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q152532|Skol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | |- | [[Skye Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Skye terrier 800.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124313941|Sleep, Dearie, Sleep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1229479|lamentation]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114842527|Slow Roads]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>''[[:d:Q178285|freeware]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-10-22 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38790|Smooth Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Smooth Collie 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135016000|Snake Venom Beer]]'' | [[beer]]<br/>''[[:d:Q687737|Bock]]'' | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q188407|Snow Patrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Snow Patrol Band.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q502330|Soay sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Horned Soay ram close-up.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109647834|Solar Flux]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-10-24<br/>2013-12-19<br/>2018-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48700473|Soldier's Dream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7560123|Something Leather]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7562723|Soor ploom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confectionery]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7571846|sowans]]'' | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122196512|Spalding family]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108412167|Spinning Coin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7579584|Sporting Lucas Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7581984|SquareGo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08 | ''[[:d:Q69662460|video game magazine]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7582190|Squeak!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4675044|St. Ives]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ives - frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232270|St. Ronan's Well]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ronan 1824.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-12-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16545107|Standing in Another Man's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-11-08 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7601283|starrie]]'' | | [[File:Star Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q283638|Stealers Wheel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stealers Wheel - TopPop 1973 9.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | ''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31797868|STEALL]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7615983|Stewart of Balquhidder]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7619276|Stonemouth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107570722|Stories of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011823|history podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106625351|society and culture podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106462625|places and travel podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7620316|Stornoway black pudding]]'' | | [[File:Stornoway Black Pudding.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Stovies]] | [[fuid]] | [[File:Stovies.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7623883|Striking and Picturesque Delineations of the Grand, Beautiful, Wonderful, and Interesting Scenery Around Loch-Earn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3976065|String Driven Thing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q649634|progressive folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7624072|Strip Jack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7628082|Studies in World Christianity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394864|STV Appeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-09-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394869|STV News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1358344|news program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7394875|STV Rugby]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394876|STV Sports Centre]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4050322|Suffocate Me]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169930|Extended play]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7639411|Sunday Herald]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2302208|Sunday newspaper]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7639435|Sunday Live]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3655833|Sunset Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | |- | ''[[:d:Q138772740|SVR-Baureihe G4]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20650761|tender locomotive]]'' | [[File:SVR G4 Nr. 186 Lieferfoto.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16884098|Swanston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112039696|Swim School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Swim School (52074599463).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65958455|Sword of Asumi]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3502845|tablet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110220935|Sinterklaas candy]]'' | [[File:Butter tablet.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60754147|Talisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:"Talisk and Gardiner Brothers presents Unleashed" concert 04.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q140088849|Tanzana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Tanzana - 482.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | | |- | [[Tartan]] | | [[File:Three tartans.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q944307|Tartan Noir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1328330|hardboiled]]'' |- | [[Tattie scone]] | | [[File:Scone varieties.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7691104|Tea Time for the Traditionally Built]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7691183|Teacher's Highland Cream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Teacher's Highland Cream 20cl bottle 1.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148516|Tears of the Giraffe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q54868317|Teenage Superstars]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q93204|documentarie film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113539814|Tete]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Tete (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7711289|That Summer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2717772|The Abbot]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:The Abbot 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7712228|The Accounting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7712251|The Acid House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7714323|The Arran Banner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q743137|The Associates]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Billy-Mackenzie-Dundee-Scotland-1985.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | ''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3791280|The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232591|The Betrothed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Betrothed 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7718176|The Bishop]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7718257|The Black Book]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224969|The Black Dwarf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Sir Walter Scott - Elshie, The Black Dwarf.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1217958|The Blue Afternoon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2411893|The Body Snatcher]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Wrong Box and The Body-Snatcher book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-12 | ''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34521753|The Book of Scottish Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7719471|The Botanist]]'' | | [[File:The Botanist Islay Dry Gin 03.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q896059|The Boys of the Lough]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43343|fowk muisic]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35600286|The Bridal Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2659725|The Bride of Lammermoor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Charles Robert Leslie - Sir Walter Scott - Ravenswood and Lucy at the Mermaiden's Well - Bride of Lammermoor.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4304488|The Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34523326|The Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16849669|The Busconductor Hines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600393|The Bush aboon Traquair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720737|The Business]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720943|The Cairngorms]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20617543|The Celtic Monthly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7721856|The Celtic View]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727087|The Complaints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7727319|The Cone Gatherers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19902801|The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909 | [[cuikin]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85806850|The Cotter's Saturday Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The toil-worn cottar....engraving by William Miller after Faed.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727846|The Course of Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727866|The Courts of the Morning]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16241321|The Crow Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7728533|The Cutting Room]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7728834|The Dancing Floor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926<br/>1926-07 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48799259|The Dark Horse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | [[File:The Dark Horse Issue 17.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30078025|The Devil That Danced on the Water: A Daughter's Quest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730406|The Divided Lady]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730727|The Double Comfort Safari Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19362881|The dress]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2927074|internet meme]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123261191|optical illusion image]]'' | [[File:Wikipe-tan wearing The Dress reduced.svg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4674957|The Ebb-Tide. A Trio and a Quartette]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson's new story, The ebb-tide.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q52243476|The Emigrant's Farewell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3209885|The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Fair Maid of Perth Illustration 1859.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7733256|The Falls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16062387|The Field of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85807163|The Fire Gospel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734296|The Five Thirty Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734499|The Flood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3230799|The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Nigel 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-05-29 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q69780430|The Fourth Sacrifice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7735651|The Gallovidian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106877405|The ghost]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7736610|The Girl on the Stairs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7960828|The Good Husband of Zebra Drive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7738170|The Green Isle of the Great Deep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7738755|The Hanging Garden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2091094|The Heart of Midlothian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Whistler James Arrangement in Yellow and Grey Effie Deans 1877.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109622189|The Hermit of Treig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11578774|broadcasting program]]''<br/>[[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-05 | |- | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739651|The Highlander]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30598561|The Hired Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739797|The History of Orkney Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q76780872|The Home of a Naturalist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q112983|memoir]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7740720|The House with the Green Shutters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386409|The Island of Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7743629|The Journal of Sir Walter Scott]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Journal of Sir Walter Scott.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4148524|The Kalahari Typing School for Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7744522|The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50400004|The Laird o' Cockpen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38063812|The Laird o' Lamington]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q39071320|The Late Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7746381|The Law]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Law.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7747260|The Light Princess]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16386716|The Little Friend]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7748150|The Loner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-03-31 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20664530|crime literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3521717|The Mackenzies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7749994|The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2615930|The Master of Ballantrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Themasterofballantreacover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q29830265|The Memory of Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232887|The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Merrymencover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362964|The Minstrel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1771" | 1771<br/>1774 | [[Poetry]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7751631|The Miracle at Speedy Motors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25171819|The Missing and the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224650|The Monastery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Monastery 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7752117|The Month of the Falling Leaves]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125415042|The monthly record of the Free Church of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102974587|The Mountains of Holland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136468173|The Munros]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753075|The Naming of the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[The National]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753227|The National Youth Pipe Band of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21997676|The Natural History of Aleppo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | |- | ''[[:d:Q89554752|The Nest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7754192|The Nightshift]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65121308|The Nine]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7754620|The Oban Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399414|The Old Scottish Gentleman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30504|The Pastels]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Pastels.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3225628|The Pirate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Pirate 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111143082|pirate fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133225145|The Place-Names of Dumfriesshire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7757907|The Power-House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2992437|The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | ''[[:d:Q110540276|satirical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20737414|philosophical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16259578|The Quarry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7759357|The Rajah's Diamond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Rajah's Diamond Cover.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878<br/>1878-06 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27887393|The Red Chair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | | ''[[:d:Q170571|still life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7760409|The Return of John MacNab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399585|The Rose of Allandale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762300|The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762630|The Scots Independent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3522619|The Scots Magazine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1739" | 1739-02-09 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713036|The Scots Peerage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q277759|book series]]'' | [[File:The Scots Peerage book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019566|The Scottish educational journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762640|The Scottish Golf Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762742|The Sea-Maiden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Celtic Fairy Tales - Frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18153910|The Sex Lives of Siamese Twins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7763696|The Sharp Grey Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Thomas Barker (1769-1847) (style of) - A Shepherdess and Sheep - 960240 - National Trust.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[The Shetland Times]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235628|The Silverado Squatters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Silveradosquatters.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7764640|The Skinny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399516|The Soldier's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163405|The Spook School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Spook School (band).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7766351|The Stars in the Bright Sky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q151337|The State of the Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7766457|The Steep Approach to Garbadale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7766664|The Stooping Venus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713321|The Strange Death of Labour Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2468419|The Suicide Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Image taken from page 296 of 'The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond. (Extracted from “New Arabian Nights.)' (11230166996).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7767999|The Tale of the Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17022016|The Tales of Para Handy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q952340|The Talisman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Talisman 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1438448|The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193495|monograph]]'' | [[File:Adam Smith Moral Sentiments 1759.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1759" | 1759 | ''[[:d:Q742609|human naitur]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7769008|The Three Hostages]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97823855|The Tourists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2537887|The Two Babylons]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Two-babylons.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853 | ''[[:d:Q18536349|polemical lampoon]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019665|The Unicorn review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3230605|The Valorous Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7772590|The View from Daniel Pike]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600464|The Widow's Lament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7775906|The World, the Flesh, and Father Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2753955|The Wrecker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson, 1885.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3548866|The Wrong Box]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Thewrongboxcover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q53094|black comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15015194|Theory of the Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Trans Royal Society of Edinburgh cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q65580287|There Grows a Bonnie Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599554|There lives a young lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7785209|Thirty-five years in the Punjab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7797011|Thoughts of My Cats]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7801277|tiffin]]'' | | [[File:Scottish Tiffin.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7802867|Tilllate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7810921|To Every Man a Penny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | |- | ''[[:d:Q130442608|Tongues.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7824261|Tooth and Nail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7824470|Top Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110363629|Torridon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10700627|Tottie family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | [[File:Tottieska malmgården 2009b.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105722111|Towers of Everland]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q10915891|TRA Class BT40]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832486|locomotive class]]'' | [[File:Taiwan Railway Steam Locomotive No. 71.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]] | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q7834250|transgressive fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019751|Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3997517|Transition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7834524|Translation and Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124720713|Transport Tycoon: World Editor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q848362|Tremulous]]'' | [[video gemme]] | [[File:Tremulous - alien base grenade.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748677|Turtlehead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399436|Two Original Songs by Tannahill]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17104407|Two Wings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56244892|Tytler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3965250|Under the Skin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7897476|Unsolved]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-01-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34223348|Up amang yon cliffy rocks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7899993|Urban Realm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7900177|Urban the Ninth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7875683|USS Yacona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q331795|patrol vessel]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia III.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1518444|Vat 69]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:Whisky VAT69.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124045104|Verdict Guilty - 유죄 평결]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-06-13<br/>2023-02-16<br/>2023-03-15<br/>2023-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q846224|fechtin gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7923296|Vespers in Vienna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96414055|Vistas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1342485|Von Wright]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4349149|nobility of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q808113|Walking on Glass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-03-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q115046742|Walmer Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12859788|steamship]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127032002|WARD (Scottish)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q87712836|Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | [[Wast Hieland White Tarrie|Wast Hieland White Terrier]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:West Highland White Terrier Krakow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7973169|Watchman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7977735|We See Lights]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:We See Lights at the Leith Dockers Club.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q42201|independent music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1213386|Weir of Hermiston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Stevenson - Weir of Hermiston (1896).title.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7989828|Westwind]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17066530|When They Lay Bare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | [[Whisky]] | | [[File:A Glass of Whiskey on the Rocks.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7887604|Whisky Galore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | ''[[:d:Q193979|farce]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7994093|Whit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7995483|White Trash]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[pop muisic]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60421981|Who's That Lady With My Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134556|single]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | ''[[:d:Q517415|Europop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58339|disco]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55642686|Wigilia]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q28026639|Christmas film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16531882|William Lawson's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399803|Willie was a wanton wag]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17039057|Witch Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8027856|Witch Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135975528|Without Permission]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8028891|Wknd@stv]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2257155|Wolfstone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stuart et Colin.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | ''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q606060|women's association football]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10708051|competition class]]'' | [[File:Pepi Piazza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3003796|women's lacrosse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Womens lacrosse1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569843|Woodstock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Frontispiece 1863 Woodstock-neat.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-04-28 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8036851|Worm of Linton]]'' | [[draigon]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130777372|Wrest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8038539|Writing on the Wall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q206159|psychedelic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113301675|Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q113644471|Ye Banks and Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80133851|Young Hunting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20714233|Your Cheatin' Heart]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1259759|miniseries]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5839193|Éire Óg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27962852|Étrangers au paradis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97587415|Ímar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771297|English folk music]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} ji6fg4thtwku7hm1t0cywt9aitewqyk 2 228642 922114 921914 2026-08-27T18:29:20Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 922114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?article ?P31 ?P31Label where { hint:Query hint:optimizer "None". SERVICE wikibase:mwapi { bd:serviceParam wikibase:endpoint "sco.wikipedia.org"; wikibase:api "Generator"; mwapi:generator "categorymembers"; mwapi:gcmtitle "Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid" ; # specifically here mwapi:gcmprop "ids|title|type"; mwapi:gcmlimit "max". # out ?article wikibase:apiOutput mwapi:title. # en-wikipedia article / category name ?item wikibase:apiOutputItem mwapi:item. # wikidata QId for the article } filter(bound(?item)) optional {?item wdt:P31 ?P31 . } SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". } } |columns=?item,?itemLabel,?article,?P31,?P31Label |section=131 |min_section=3 |sort=label |links=text |thumb=128 |autolist=fallback |summary=itemnumber |wdedit=yes }} == Aiberdeenshire == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1382485' | [[Auld Deer]] | Old Deer | Auld Deer | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1017537' | [[Innerurie]] | Inverurie | Innerurie | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q7296039' | [[Rattra, Aiberdeenshire|Rattra]] | Rattray | Rattra, Aiberdeenshire | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q7337163' | [[River Bogie]] | River Bogie | River Bogie | [[river]]<br/>burn | river<br/>stream |- class='wd_q7337341' | [[River Deveron|River Deeveron]] | River Deveron | River Deveron | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q387736' | [[River Don|River Don, Aiberdeenshire]] | River Don | River Don | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q2473946' | [[River Ugie]] | River Ugie | River Ugie | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q432066' | [[River Ury]] | River Urie | River Ury | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q2601506' | [[River Ythan]] | River Ythan | River Ythan | [[river]] | river |} == Azerbaijan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q269680' | [[Astara Rayon]] | Astara District | Astara Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q457513' | [[Kalbajar Rayon]] | Kalbajar District | Kalbajar Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q688626' | [[Lerik Rayon]] | Lerik District | Lerik Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q593872' | [[Qabala Rayon]] | Qabala District | Qabala Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |} == Bangkok == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q534226' | [[Bang Bon Destrict]] | Bang Bon | Bang Bon Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806445' | [[Bang Kapi Destrict]] | Bang Kapi | Bang Kapi Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806443' | [[Bang Khen Destrict]] | Bang Khen | Bang Khen Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806446' | [[Bang Kho Laem Destrict]] | Bang Kho Laem | Bang Kho Laem Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806448' | [[Bang Na Destrict]] | Bang Na | Bang Na Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1001823' | [[Bueng Kum Destrict]] | Bueng Kum | Bueng Kum Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019598' | [[Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok|Chom Thong Destrict]] | Chom Thong | Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1975222' | [[Huai Khwang Destrict]] | Huai Khwang | Huai Khwang Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019432' | [[Khan Na Yao Destrict]] | Khan Na Yao | Khan Na Yao Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1740651' | [[Khlong Sam Wa Destrict]] | Khlong Sam Wa | Khlong Sam Wa Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1403340' | [[Khlong Toei Destrict]] | Khlong Toei | Khlong Toei Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1008352' | [[Lak Si Destrict]] | Lak Si | Lak Si Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q999094' | [[Lat Phrao Destrict]] | Lat Phrao | Lat Phrao Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1936178' | [[Min Buri Destrict]] | Min Buri | Min Buri Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1839285' | [[Nong Chok Destrict]] | Nong Chok | Nong Chok Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q473316' | [[Phra Khanong Destrict]] | Phra Khanong | Phra Khanong Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019626' | [[Prawet Destrict]] | Prawet | Prawet Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019633' | [[Rat Burana Destrict]] | Rat Burana | Rat Burana Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1025969' | [[Sai Mai Destrict]] | Sai Mai | Sai Mai Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019420' | [[Saphan Sung Destrict]] | Saphan Sung | Saphan Sung Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019611' | [[Suan Luang Destrict]] | Suan Luang | Suan Luang Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1972732' | [[Thung Khru Destrict]] | Thung Khru | Thung Khru Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019651' | [[Yan Nawa Destrict]] | Yan Nawa | Yan Nawa Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |} == Californie == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q104994' | [[Los Angeles Coonty]] | Los Angeles County | Los Angeles Coonty | charter county of California | charter county of California |- class='wd_q5925' | [[Orange Coonty, Californie|Orange Coonty]] | Orange County | Orange Coonty, Californie | charter county of California | charter county of California |- class='wd_q62' | [[San Francisco]] | San Francisco | San Francisco | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>sanctuary city<br/>charter ceety an coonty (Californie) | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>sanctuary city<br/>charter city and county |} == Ceety o Edinburgh == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q4979466' | [[Brunstane]] | Brunstane | Brunstane | suburb | suburb |- class='wd_q5211552' | [[Dalmeny]] | Dalmeny | Dalmeny | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1633842' | [[Naitional Museum o Scotland]] | National Museum of Scotland | Naitional Museum o Scotland | museum | museum |- class='wd_q1547466' | [[St Giles' Cathedral]] | St Giles' Cathedral | St Giles' Cathedral | [[cathedral]] | cathedral |- class='wd_q8038444' | [[Writers' Museum]] | Writers' Museum | Writers' Museum | museum<br/>local authority museum | museum<br/>local authority museum |} == Central District == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q331078' | [[Amol]] | Amol | Amol | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q158928' | [[Bushehr]] | Bushehr | Bushehr | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q180078' | [[Kermanshah]] | Kermanshah | Kermanshah | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q170573' | [[Qom]] | Qom | Qom | city of Iran | city of Iran |} == Dumfries an Gallowa == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q606739' | [[Clan Agnew]] | Clan Agnew | Clan Agnew | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>[[Scots clan]] | family<br/>Scottish clan |- class='wd_q652035' | [[Dumfries]] | Dumfries | Dumfries | [[toun]]<br/>large burgh | town<br/>large burgh |- class='wd_q16893264' | [[Kenmure Castle]] | Kenmure Castle | Kenmure Castle | [[castle]] | castle |- class='wd_q1853868' | [[Mull o Gallowa]] | Mull of Galloway | Mull o Gallowa | headland | headland |- class='wd_q24639097' | [[Polharrow Burn]] | Polharrow Burn | Polharrow Burn | burn | stream |- class='wd_q7333403' | [[Rigg railwey station]] | Rigg railway station | Rigg railwey station | railway station | railway station |- class='wd_q7587694' | [[St Cuthbert Wanderers F.C.]] | St. Cuthbert Wanderers F.C. | St Cuthbert Wanderers F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q67184386' | [[St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire]] | St Martin and St Ninian Catholic Church | St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire | [[kirk]] | church building |- class='wd_q2445404' | [[Whithorn Priory]] | Whithorn Priory | Whithorn Priory | priory | priory |} == Fife == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1016877' | [[Buckhyne|Buckhynde]] | Buckhaven | Buckhyne | [[toun]] | town |- class='wd_q937842' | [[Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] | The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews | Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews | golf club | golf club |- class='wd_q1011984' | [[Stramiglae]] | Strathmiglo | Stramiglae | [[veelage]] | village |} == Glasgow City == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q13495014' | [[Crosshill|Croashull]] | Crosshill | Crosshill | destrict | district |- class='wd_q1966112' | [[Cruixtoun Castle]] | Crookston Castle | Cruixtoun Castle | tower house<br/>archaeological site<br/>ringwork castle | tower house<br/>archaeological site<br/>ringwork castle |- class='wd_q506290' | [[Glesga Subway]] | Glasgow Subway | Glesga Subway | [[Rapid transit|subterranean rapid transit]] | rapid transit |- class='wd_q5600557' | [[Greater Glesga]] | Greater Glasgow | Greater Glesga | [[Urban area|urban aurie]] | urban area |- class='wd_q183161' | [[River Kelvin|Kelvin]] | River Kelvin | River Kelvin | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q3446028' | [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland]] | Royal Conservatoire of Scotland | Royal Conservatoire of Scotland | nan-profit organisation<br/>college or varsity schuil o muisic<br/>open-access publisher | nonprofit organization<br/>conservatory<br/>open-access publisher |- class='wd_q7592311' | [[St Aloysius' College, Glesga]] | St Aloysius' College | St Aloysius' College, Glesga | seicontary schuil<br/>nan-profit organisation<br/>Catholic school | secondary school<br/>nonprofit organization<br/>Catholic school |- class='wd_q233283' | [[West Highland Line]] | West Highland Line | West Highland Line | railway line | railway line |} == Hieland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q2423015' | [[Argye]] | Ardgay | Argye | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1016920' | [[Dornach]] | Dornoch | Dornach | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q2464541' | [[Dunbeath]] | Dunbeath | Dunbeath | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1232135' | [[Far North Line]] | Far North Line | Far North Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q1426707' | [[Fort George, Hieland|Fort George]] | Fort George | Fort George, Hieland | barracks<br/>fort<br/>military museum | barracks<br/>fort<br/>military museum |- class='wd_q260405' | [[Glenelg]] | Glenelg | Glenelg | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q403657' | [[Great Glen]] | Great Glen | Great Glen | valley | valley |- class='wd_q160493' | [[Innerness]] | Inverness | Innerness | [[ceety]]<br/>large burgh | city<br/>large burgh |- class='wd_q939913' | [[Kyle o Lochalsh]] | Kyle of Lochalsh | Kyle o Lochalsh | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q586470' | [[Kyle of Lochalsh line]] | Kyle of Lochalsh Line | Kyle of Lochalsh line | railway line<br/>ELR railway line section | railway line<br/>ELR railway line section |- class='wd_q1018747' | [[Lochinver]] | Lochinver | Lochinver | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q3440681' | [[River Beauly]] | River Beauly | River Beauly | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7337648' | [[River Nairn]] | River Nairn | River Nairn | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q679476' | [[Scraibster]] | Scrabster | Scraibster | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q944987' | [[Shieldaig]] | Shieldaig | Shieldaig | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q19720' | [[River Spey|Spey]] | River Spey | River Spey | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q987766' | [[The Groats]] | John o' Groats | The Groats | human settlement | human settlement |} == Japan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q127864' | [[Chūgoku region]] | Chūgoku region | Chūgoku region | region of Japan<br/>stateestical region | region of Japan<br/>statistical territorial entity |- class='wd_q48326' | [[Iwate Prefectur]] | Iwate Prefecture | Iwate Prefectur | [[prefecturs o Japan]] | prefecture of Japan |- class='wd_q160420' | [[Saga Prefectur]] | Saga Prefecture | Saga Prefectur | [[prefecturs o Japan]] | prefecture of Japan |} == Jeollabuk-do == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q50246' | [[Buan]] | Buan County | Buan | coonty o Sooth Korea | county of South Korea |- class='wd_q42074' | [[Gunsan]] | Gunsan | Gunsan | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of South Korea | big city<br/>city of South Korea |- class='wd_q50242' | [[Muju]] | Muju County | Muju | coonty o Sooth Korea | county of South Korea |} == Manhattan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q6523155' | [[Malcolm X Boulevard]] | Malcolm X Boulevard | Malcolm X Boulevard | street<br/>north-south avenue in Manhattan | street<br/>north-south avenue in Manhattan |- class='wd_q11690' | [[Wall Street]] | Wall Street | Wall Street | street | street |- class='wd_q11235' | [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] | World Trade Center | World Trade Center (1973–2001) | building complex<br/>destroyed building or structure | building complex<br/>destroyed building or structure |} == Maricopa County == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q51686' | [[Peoria, Arizona|Peoria]] | Peoria | Peoria, Arizona | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q16556' | [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] | Phoenix | Phoenix, Arizona | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city in Arizona | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city in Arizona |- class='wd_q51685' | [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]] | Tempe | Tempe, Arizona | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |} == Montgomery County == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q328941' | [[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]] | Clarksville | Clarksville, Tennessee | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q755844' | [[Potomac, Maryland|Potomac]] | Potomac | Potomac, Maryland | [[census-designated place]]<br/>unincorporatit commonty | census-designated place in the United States<br/>unincorporated community |- class='wd_q754646' | [[South Kensington, Maryland|South Kensington]] | South Kensington | South Kensington, Maryland | [[census-designated place]] | census-designated place in the United States |} == Moray == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1013606' | [[Burgheid]] | Burghead | Burgheid | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q5015800' | [[Cabrach]] | Cabrach | Cabrach | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1969309' | [[Cullen, Moray|Cullen]] | Cullen | Cullen, Moray | [[veelage]]<br/>small burgh | village<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q8313107' | [[River Aan]] | River Avon | River Aan | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7337598' | [[River Lossie]] | River Lossie | River Lossie | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7231712' | [[The Sloch]] | Portessie | The Sloch | [[veelage]] | village |} == New York Ceety == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q18419' | [[Brooklyn]] | Brooklyn | Brooklyn | borough o New York Ceety | borough of New York City |- class='wd_q18424' | [[Queens]] | Queens | Queens | borough o New York Ceety<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | borough of New York City<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q18426' | [[The Bronx]] | The Bronx | The Bronx | borough o New York Ceety<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | borough of New York City<br/>consolidated city-county |} == Perth an Kinross == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q5604307' | [[Greenloanin]] | Greenloaning | Greenloanin | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1773123' | [[Rannoch Muir]] | Rannoch Moor | Rannoch Muir | territory | territory |- class='wd_q1277544' | [[River Earn]] | River Earn | River Earn | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q1259288' | [[River Tummel]] | River Tummel | River Tummel | [[river]] | river |} == Roushie == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q7730' | [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>[[Autonomous oblasts o Roushie]] | federal subject of Russia<br/>autonomous oblast of Russia |- class='wd_q649' | [[Moscow]] | Moscow | Moscow | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[Federal ceeties o Roushie]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>caipital o Roushie<br/>city or town<br/>largest city | federal subject of Russia<br/>megacity<br/>federal city of Russia<br/>big city<br/>capital of Russia<br/>city or town<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q6605' | [[Sakha Republic]] | Sakha | Sakha Republic | [[Republics o Roushie]]<br/>[[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]] | republic of Russia<br/>federal subject of Russia |} == Scotland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q806432' | [[Banffshire]] | Banffshire | Banffshire | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]<br/>[[Scots coonties]]<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom | lieutenancy area of Scotland<br/>shire of Scotland<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q627381' | [[Bank o Scotland|Bank of Scotland]] | Bank of Scotland | Bank o Scotland | [[bank]]<br/>private central bank | bank<br/>private central bank |- class='wd_q5566918' | [[Glasgow South Western Line]] | Glasgow South Western Line | Glasgow South Western Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q2269514' | [[Gàidhealtachd]] | Gàidhealtachd | Gàidhealtachd | linguistic region | linguistic region |- class='wd_q17582096' | [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] | Kirkcudbrightshire | Kirkcoubrieshire | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]<br/>[[Scots coonties]]<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom | lieutenancy area of Scotland<br/>shire of Scotland<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q3007259' | [[Scots cultur]] | culture of Scotland | Scots cultur | culture of an area | culture of an area |} == Shetland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q4936401' | [[Boddam, Shetland|Boddam]] | Boddam | Boddam, Shetland | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q4979619' | [[Bruray]] | Bruray | Bruray | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q1422297' | [[Ootsta|Out Stack]] | Out Stack | Ootsta | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q1014090' | [[Scallowa]] | Scalloway | Scallowa | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q782412' | [[Sullom Voe]] | Sullom Voe | Sullom Voe | inlet | inlet |} == Sooth Ayrshire == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q28970907' | [[Girvan Old railwey station]] | Girvan Old railway station | Girvan Old railwey station | railway station | railway station |- class='wd_q17265639' | [[Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church]] | Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan | Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church | [[kirk]] | church building |- class='wd_q7337828' | [[River Stinchar]] | River Stinchar | River Stinchar | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7973560' | [[Watter o Girvan]] | Water of Girvan | Watter o Girvan | [[river]] | river |} == Unitit States == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q173' | [[Alabama]] | Alabama | Alabama | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |- class='wd_q1384' | [[New York]] | New York | New York | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |- class='wd_q1183' | [[Puerto Rico]] | Puerto Rico | Puerto Rico | Insular aurie<br/>commonwealth<br/>unincorporatit territory o the Unitit States<br/>poleetical diveesion<br/>territory o the Unitit States<br/>cultural region<br/>Provincial deputation in Spanish America | insular area of the United States<br/>commonwealth<br/>unincorporated territory of the United States<br/>political territorial entity<br/>territory of the United States<br/>cultural region<br/>Provincial deputation in Spanish America |- class='wd_q1456' | [[Sooth Carolina]] | South Carolina | Sooth Carolina | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |} == Washington, D.C. == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q5303341' | [[Downtown, Washington, D.C.|Downtown]] | Downtown Washington | Downtown, Washington, D.C. | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | neighborhood<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood of Washington, D.C. |- class='wd_q1468648' | [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]] | Georgetown | Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) | neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | neighborhood of Washington, D.C. |- class='wd_q8033060' | [[Woodley Park]] | Woodley Park | Woodley Park | neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<br/>historic district | neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<br/>historic district |} == Wast Lowden == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q810794' | [[Bathket]] | Bathgate | Bathket | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q1016707' | [[Blackburn, Wast Lowden|Blackburn]] | Blackburn | Blackburn, Wast Lowden | [[toun]] | town |- class='wd_q1009114' | [[Fauldhoose]] | Fauldhouse | Fauldhoose | [[veelage]] | village |} == Île-de-France == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q12543' | [[Hauts-de-Seine]] | Hauts-de-Seine | Hauts-de-Seine | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12753' | [[Seine-et-Marne]] | Seine-et-Marne | Seine-et-Marne | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12761' | [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] | Seine-Saint-Denis | Seine-Saint-Denis | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12784' | [[Val-d'Oise]] | Val-d'Oise | Val-d'Oise | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |} == Misc == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q8466' | [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | nan-profit organisation<br/>association fitbaa club | nonprofit organization<br/>association football club |- class='wd_q7584' | [[1832]] | 1832 | 1832 | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q2083' | [[1914]] | 1914 | 1914 | common year starting and ending on Thursday<br/>calendar year | common year starting and ending on Thursday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q1769170' | [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] | 1985 World Snooker Championship | 1985 Warld Snooker Championship | snooker tournament | snooker tournament |- class='wd_q1990' | [[2012]] | 2012 | 2012 | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q9177257' | [[2013 Warld Snooker Championship]] | 2013 World Snooker Championship | 2013 Warld Snooker Championship | world championship<br/>snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | world championship<br/>snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q79859' | [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]] | 2014 FIFA World Cup | 2014 FIFA Warld Cup | sports season | sports season |- class='wd_q23365300' | [[2016 Brussels bombins]] | 2016 Brussels bombings | 2016 Brussels bombins | [[mass murther]]<br/>terrorist attack<br/>suicide bombing | mass murder<br/>terrorist attack<br/>suicide bombing |- class='wd_q65069964' | [[2019 Champion o Champions]] | 2019 Champion of Champions | 2019 Champion o Champions | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q64341987' | [[2019 Riga Masters]] | 2019 Riga Masters | 2019 Riga Masters | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q60796047' | [[2019 UK Championship]] | 2019 UK Championship | 2019 UK Championship | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q66424302' | [[2019 Warld Open]] | 2019 World Open | 2019 Warld Open | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q98073118' | [[2020 Beirut explosions]] | 2020 Beirut explosions | 2020 Beirut explosions | explosion<br/>industrial fire<br/>industrial disaster | explosion<br/>industrial fire<br/>industrial disaster |- class='wd_q67123915' | [[2020 Breetish Grand Prix]] | 2020 British Grand Prix | 2020 Breetish Grand Prix | recurring sporting event edition | recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q95150550' | [[2020 Championship League]] | 2020 Championship League | 2020 Championship League | snooker tournament | snooker tournament |- class='wd_q60774824' | [[2020 Masters (snooker)]] | 2020 Masters | 2020 Masters (snooker) | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q67123908' | [[2020 Spaingie Grand Prix]] | 2020 Spanish Grand Prix | 2020 Spaingie Grand Prix | sports season<br/>postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic | sports season<br/>postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic |- class='wd_q22923830' | [[2020 Unitit States presidential election]] | 2020 United States presidential election | 2020 Unitit States presidential election | Unitit States presidential election | United States presidential election |- class='wd_q106086340' | [[2022–23 UEFA Champions League]] | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | edition of the UEFA Champions League | edition of the UEFA Champions League |- class='wd_q2705' | [[24 December]] | December 24 | 24 December | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2820' | [[26 August]] | August 26 | 26 August | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2931' | [[3 October]] | October 3 | 3 October | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2622' | [[5 Juin]] | June 5 | 5 Juin | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q638903' | [[5 October 1910 revolution]] | 5 October 1910 revolution | 5 October 1910 revolution | [[coup d'état]] | coup d'état |- class='wd_q96088886' | [[70t Anniversary Grand Prix]] | 70th Anniversary Grand Prix | 70t Anniversary Grand Prix | Formula One Grand Prix<br/>recurring sporting event edition | Formula One Grand Prix<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q278872' | [[A. L. Kennedy]] | A. L. Kennedy | A. L. Kennedy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9513' | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170315' | [[Abbottabad]] | Abbottabad | Abbottabad | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>union council of Pakistan | city<br/>big city<br/>union council of Pakistan |- class='wd_q5111' | [[Abkhaz leid]] | Abkhaz | Abkhaz leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q273866' | [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] | Abolhassan Banisadr | Abolhassan Banisadr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q215833' | [[Abraham Joshua Heschel]] | Abraham Joshua Heschel | Abraham Joshua Heschel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q23357' | [[Abraham Maslow]] | Abraham Maslow | Abraham Maslow | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2821724' | [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q289168' | [[AC Cobra]] | AC Cobra | AC Cobra | car model | car model |- class='wd_q193481' | [[AC Sparta Prague]] | AC Sparta Prague | AC Sparta Prague | association fitbaa club<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | association football club<br/>business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q130955' | [[Acanthodii]] | Acanthodii | Acanthodii | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q25507' | [[Accept]] | Accept | Accept | muisic baund<br/>heavy metal band | musical group<br/>heavy metal band |- class='wd_q638202' | [[Accuracy International Arctic Warfare]] | Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q158785' | [[Acer campestre]] | Q158785 | Acer campestre | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156944' | [[Acer pseudoplatanus]] | Q156944 | Acer pseudoplatanus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q481907' | [[Acinonyx]] | Acinonyx | Acinonyx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38545' | [[Adana]] | Adana | Adana | [[ceety]]<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey<br/>large city | city<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey<br/>large city |- class='wd_q190154' | [[addax]] | Addax nasomaculatus | Addax | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q877127' | [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar|Admeenistrative diveesions o Burma]] | administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar | | |- class='wd_q203323' | [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine]] | administrative territorial entity of Ukraine | Admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine | | |- class='wd_q378988' | [[Adult contemporary|adult contemporar muisic]] | adult contemporary music | Adult contemporary | [[muisic genre]]<br/>radio format | music genre<br/>radio format |- class='wd_q379393' | [[Advanced bylin watter reactor]] | advanced boiling water reactor | Advanced bylin watter reactor | | |- class='wd_q379573' | [[Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor]] | advanced gas-cooled reactor | Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor | | |- class='wd_q53093' | [[Adventure Time]] | Adventure Time | Adventure Time | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q21197880' | [[Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film)]] | Adventures in Babysitting | Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q49085' | [[African Americans|African American]] | African Americans | African Americans | [[ethnic group]]<br/>ethnic community<br/>ethnic group by residency | ethnic group<br/>ethnic community<br/>ethnic group by residency |- class='wd_q160042' | [[African buffalo]] | African buffalo | African buffalo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36557' | [[African bush elephant]] | African bush elephant | African bush elephant | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192231' | [[African gowden cat]] | Profelis aurata | African gowden cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q328082' | [[Afrosoricida]] | Afrosoricida | Afrosoricida | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27399' | [[Afrotheria]] | Afrotheria | Afrotheria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2059513' | [[Agarak (clachan), Syunik|Agarak (veelage)]] | Agarak (village) | Agarak (clachan), Syunik | village in Armenia | village in Armenia |- class='wd_q390456' | [[Agaricus]] | Agaricus | Agaricus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q234529' | [[Agaricus campestris]] | Agaricus campestris | Agaricus campestris | [[taxon]]<br/>edible mushroom | taxon<br/>edible mushroom |- class='wd_q327538' | [[age o consent]] | age of consent | Age o consent | | |- class='wd_q133808' | [[Agustín de Iturbide]] | Agustín I of Mexico | Agustín de Iturbide | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46798' | [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] | Ahmed Shahe Durrani | Ahmad Shah Durrani | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2715844' | [[aikraw]] | Lobaria scrobiculata | Aikraw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4697039' | [[Aileen Paterson]] | Aileen Paterson | Aileen Paterson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q264849' | [[Aileen Wuornos]] | Aileen Wuornos | Aileen Wuornos | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6475' | [[Airbus A320 faimily]] | Airbus A320 family | Airbus A320 faimily | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6478' | [[Airbus A330]] | Airbus A330 | Airbus A330 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q23498' | [[airchaeology]] | archaeology | Airchaeology | academic major<br/>academic discipline | academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q1063287' | [[Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie]] | Saudi Arabian Armed Forces | Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie | armed forces | armed forces |- class='wd_q47059' | [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] | Aishwarya Rai | Aishwarya Rai Bachchan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q169527' | [[Ajax]] | Ajax | Ajax | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q506658' | [[Ajloun Govrenorate]] | Ajloun Governorate | Ajloun Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Jordan]] | governorate of Jordan |- class='wd_q472753' | [[Akhal-Teke]] | Akhal-Teke | Akhal-Teke | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q1872285' | [[Akita]] | Akita | Akita | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q485056' | [[Akmola Region|Akmola Province]] | Akmola Region | Akmola Region | [[Regions o Kazakhstan]] | region of Kazakhstan |- class='wd_q1046645' | [[Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait)|Al Asimah Govrenorate]] | Capital Governorate | Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait) | [[govrenorates o Kuwait]] | governorate of Kuwait |- class='wd_q32841' | [[Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict]] | Jabal al Akhdar | Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict | [[Destricts o Libie]] | district of Libya |- class='wd_q559599' | [[Al Stewart]] | Al Stewart | Al Stewart | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12192963' | [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | Al-Aqsa Mosque | Al-Aqsa Mosque | [[mosque]]<br/>musalla<br/>congregational mosque<br/>sacred place | mosque<br/>musalla<br/>congregational mosque<br/>sacred place |- class='wd_q311336' | [[Al-Awja]] | Al-Awja | Al-Awja | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q34490' | [[Al-Qaeda]] | Al-Qaeda | Al-Qaeda | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization |- class='wd_q575774' | [[Al-Safira]] | Al-Safira | Al-Safira | [[ceety]]<br/>[[veelage]]<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>village<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q215518' | [[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]] | Aladdin | Aladdin (1992 Disney film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q4707841' | [[Alan Stewart o Darnley]] | Alan Stewart of Darnley | Alan Stewart o Darnley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q209496' | [[Alawites]] | Alawites | Alawites | sect<br/>religious group | sect<br/>religious group |- class='wd_q937' | [[Albert Einstein]] | Q937 | Albert Einstein | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q35517' | [[Alces alces]] | moose | Alces alces | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205972' | [[alcohol intoxication]] | alcohol intoxication | Alcohol intoxication | | |- class='wd_q156' | [[Alcohol|alcohols]] | alcohols | Alcohol | structural class of chemical entities | structural class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q3610674' | [[Alex Gray]] | Alex Gray | Alex Gray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37064' | [[Alexander Fleming]] | Alexander Fleming | Alexander Fleming | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34286' | [[Alexander Graham Bell]] | Q34286 | Alexander Graham Bell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q207384' | [[Alexander I o Yugoslavie]] | Alexander I of Yugoslavia | Alexander I o Yugoslavie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4302000' | [[Alexander Montgomerie]] | Alexander Montgomerie | Alexander Montgomerie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q620732' | [[Alexander Tarasov]] | Alexander Tarasov | Alexander Tarasov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q38337' | [[Alexandre Dumas]] | Alexandre Dumas | Alexandre Dumas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188128' | [[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]] | Alexei Abrikosov | Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q183372' | [[Alfred North Whitehead]] | Alfred North Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4723711' | [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas|Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno]] | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q2466508' | [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton]] | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton | canton of Ecuador | canton of Ecuador |- class='wd_q2090350' | [[Ali Dilem]] | Ali Dilem | Ali Dilem | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q468523' | [[Ali Smith]] | Ali Smith | Ali Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q257106' | [[alicreesh]] | liquorice | Alicreesh | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4727053' | [[Alison Cockburn]] | Alison Cockburn | Alison Cockburn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19563' | [[Alkaline yird metal]] | alkaline earth metal | Alkaline yird metal | group<br/>main group | group<br/>main group |- class='wd_q162442' | [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]] | Prayagraj | Prayagraj | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q81564' | [[alpaca]] | alpaca | Alpaca | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58430' | [[Alternator]] | alternator | Alternator | | |- class='wd_q663' | [[Alumeenium|aluminium]] | aluminium | Alumeenium | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>lithophile element | chemical element<br/>lithophile element |- class='wd_q11081' | [[Alzheimer's tribble|Alzheimer's disease]] | Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's tribble | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q80563' | [[Amalfi]] | Amalfi | Amalfi | comune o Italy | comune of Italy |- class='wd_q454135' | [[Amanda Sandrelli]] | Amanda Sandrelli | Amanda Sandrelli | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213938' | [[Amanita]] | Amanita | Amanita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q574014' | [[Amaro Pargo]] | Amaro Rodríguez Felipe | Amaro Pargo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10732549' | [[Amealco de Bonfil]] | Amealco de Bonfil Municipality | Amealco de Bonfil | [[Municipalities o Mexico]] | municipality of Mexico |- class='wd_q82728' | [[American bison]] | American bison | American bison | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q122783' | [[American black beir]] | American black bear | American black beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q228002' | [[Ammonoidea]] | Q228002 | Ammonoidea | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q161568' | [[Ammophila arenaria]] | Ammophila arenaria | Ammophila arenaria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48403' | [[Amritsar]] | Amritsar | Amritsar | [[metropolis]] | metropolis |- class='wd_q36216' | [[An Nawfaliyah]] | Nofaliya | An Nawfaliyah | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q161153' | [[Anacamptis morio]] | Anacamptis morio | Anacamptis morio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q214264' | [[Anas]] | Anas | Anas | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q489798' | [[Andalusie horse]] | Andalusian horse | Andalusie horse | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q170598' | [[Andean condor]] | Andean Condor | Andean condor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4756563' | [[Andrew Carruthers]] | Andrew Carruthers | Andrew Carruthers | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q60969158' | [[Halloween Howls|Andrew Gold's Halloween Howls – Fun & Scary Music]] | Andrew Gold's Halloween Howls – Fun & Scary Music | Halloween Howls | [[album]] | album |- class='wd_q472725' | [[Andrew Moray]] | Andrew Moray | Andrew Moray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q153330' | [[Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor]] | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q506425' | [[Andrew Murray (Scots sodger)|Andrew Murray]] | Sir Andrew Murray | Andrew Murray (Scots sodger) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q318508' | [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] | Q318508 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10125' | [[Andy Murray]] | Andy Murray | Andy Murray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4761361' | [[Andy Stewart (muisicker)|Andy Stewart]] | Andy Stewart | Andy Stewart (muisicker) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q769218' | [[Ang Mey]] | Ang Mey | Ang Mey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34351359' | [[Angela Haggerty]] | Angela Haggerty | Angela Haggerty | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q219666' | [[Angelica]] | Angelica | Angelica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23893984' | [[Angelique Rockas]] | Angelique Rockas | Angelique Rockas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q916' | [[Angola|Angolae]] | Angola | Angola | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q128685' | [[Eel|Anguilliformes]] | Anguilliformes | Eel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q355392' | [[Angus Macfadyen]] | Angus Macfadyen | Angus Macfadyen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q729' | [[Animals|animal]] | animal | Animals | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>first-order class | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>first-order class |- class='wd_q180439' | [[Ankh]] | ankh | Ankh | hieroglyph<br/>crosses in heraldry | hieroglyph<br/>crosses in heraldry |- class='wd_q25522' | [[Annelid]] | Annelida | Annelid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2851506' | [[Annette Crosbie]] | Annette Crosbie | Annette Crosbie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3736616' | [[Annobón Province]] | Annobón Province | Annobón Province | [[Provinces o Equatorial Guinea]] | province of Equatorial Guinea |- class='wd_q37395' | [[Anomalocaris]] | Anomalocaris | Anomalocaris | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q573246' | [[Anthony Fauci]] | Anthony Fauci | Anthony Fauci | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192718' | [[Anthony James Leggett]] | Anthony James Leggett | Anthony James Leggett | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q143313' | [[Anthus trivialis]] | Anthus trivialis | Anthus trivialis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5685' | [[Anton Chekhov]] | Anton Chekhov | Anton Chekhov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1429' | [[Antoninus Pius]] | Antoninus Pius | Antoninus Pius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4351768' | [[Antti Puhakka]] | Antti Puhakka | Antti Puhakka | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q497' | [[anus]] | anus | Anus | class of anatomical entity | class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q615767' | [[Aokigahara]] | Aokigahara | Aokigahara | [[forest]] | forest |- class='wd_q173756' | [[Apocynaceae]] | Apocynaceae | Apocynaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25950' | [[Apodiformes]] | Apodiformes | Apodiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148929' | [[Aquilegia vulgaris]] | columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48227' | [[Araceae]] | Araceae | Araceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2356261' | [[Aram Asatryan]] | Aram Asatryan | Aram Asatryan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12084' | [[Araneomorphae]] | Q12084 | Araneomorphae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q82738' | [[Arctic tod]] | Arctic fox | Arctic tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15043775' | [[Arctiidae]] | Arctiidae | Arctiidae | [[taxon]]<br/>synonym | taxon<br/>synonym |- class='wd_q414' | [[Argenteinie]] | Argentina | Argenteinie | [[kintra]]<br/>nation<br/>sovereign state<br/>confessional state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental | country<br/>nation<br/>sovereign state<br/>confessional state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental |- class='wd_q496548' | [[Argentine Fitbaw Association|Argentine Fitbaa Association]] | Argentine Football Association | Argentine Fitbaw Association | nan-profit organisation<br/>association football federation<br/>national sports governing body | nonprofit organization<br/>association football federation<br/>national sports governing body |- class='wd_q4792148' | [[Arlene Foster]] | Arlene Foster | Arlene Foster | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q15771' | [[Armavir, Armenie|Armavir]] | Armavir | Armavir, Armenie | city or town in Armenia | city or town in Armenia |- class='wd_q68880' | [[Arminius]] | Arminius | Arminius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q77078' | [[Arnold Sommerfeld]] | Arnold Sommerfeld | Arnold Sommerfeld | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q258528' | [[Arsames]] | Arsames | Arsames | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q35610' | [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] | Arthur Conan Doyle | Arthur Conan Doyle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80596' | [[Arthur Miller]] | Arthur Miller | Arthur Miller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q178182' | [[Asgard]] | Asgard | Asgard | Norse mythical location | Norse mythical location |- class='wd_q528983' | [[Ashley Williams]] | Ashley Williams | Ashley Williams | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q182347' | [[Asiatic lion]] | Asiatic lion | Asiatic lion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q124410' | [[Aisien black beir|Asie black beir]] | Ursus thibetanus | Aisien black beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q648422' | [[Asio]] | Asio | Asio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25769' | [[Asio flammeus]] | Short-eared Owl | Asio flammeus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26229' | [[Asparagales]] | Asparagales | Asparagales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q28367' | [[Asparagus]] | Asparagus officinalis | Asparagus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178450' | [[Aspartic acid]] | L-aspartic acid | Aspartic acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q161790' | [[Asperger syndrome]] | Asperger syndrome | Asperger syndrome | disability<br/>type of disease | disability<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q18216' | [[Aspirin]] | aspirin | Aspirin | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q517130' | [[Aster (genus)|Aster]] | Aster | Aster (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25400' | [[Asteraceae]] | Asteraceae | Asteraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21730' | [[Asterales]] | Q21730 | Asterales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q747502' | [[Asterids]] | Q747502 | Asterids | clade | clade |- class='wd_q157184' | [[Astragalus]] | Astragalus | Astragalus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q203263' | [[Athens, Georgie|Athens]] | Athens | Athens, Georgie | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty<br/>municipality of Georgia | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county<br/>municipality of Georgia |- class='wd_q9121' | [[atom]] | atom | Atom | | |- class='wd_q23809' | [[atomic nummer]] | atomic number | Atomic nummer | | |- class='wd_q758559' | [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] | Auburn Hills | Auburn Hills, Michigan | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q8018' | [[Augustinus]] | Augustine of Hippo | Augustinus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1136674' | [[Auld San Juan]] | Old San Juan Historic District | Auld San Juan | neighbourhuid<br/>[[Auld Toun]]<br/>fortified town<br/>historic district | neighborhood<br/>old town<br/>fortified town<br/>historic district |- class='wd_q676050' | [[Auld Toun]] | old town | Auld Toun | | |- class='wd_q182968' | [[Auld Warld pug]] | Q182968 | Auld Warld pug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26864' | [[Aurelia aurita]] | Aurelia aurita | Aurelia aurita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q168903' | [[aurochs]] | aurochs | Aurochs | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q28513' | [[Austrick-Hungary]] | Austria–Hungary | Austrick-Hungary | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q6229' | [[authoritarianism]] | authoritarianism | Authoritarianism | [[poleetical seestem]]<br/>form o rule<br/>poleetical ideology | political system<br/>form of government<br/>political ideology |- class='wd_q5386' | [[auto racin]] | auto racing | Auto racin | type o sport<br/>sports discipline | type of sport<br/>sports discipline |- class='wd_q41482' | [[autopsy]] | autopsy | Autopsy | | |- class='wd_q39837' | [[Averroes]] | Averroes | Averroes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37153' | [[Avocado]] | Persea americana | Avocado | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43056' | [[Axis pouers|Axis]] | Axis Powers | Axis pouers | military alliance | military alliance |- class='wd_q22718' | [[axolotl]] | axolotl | Axolotl | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q186778' | [[aye-aye]] | aye-aye | Aye-aye | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q221503' | [[Az Zawiyah]] | Zawiya | Az Zawiyah | human settlement<br/>municipality of Libya | human settlement<br/>municipality of Libya |- class='wd_q3091454' | [[Azerbaijan Athletics Federation]] | Azerbaijan Athletics Federation | Azerbaijan Athletics Federation | sport govrenin body | sports governing body |- class='wd_q3741152' | [[Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation]] | Azerbaijan Basketball Federation | Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation | sport govrenin body | sports governing body |- class='wd_q211370' | [[Baabda Destrict]] | Baabda District | Baabda Destrict | [[Destricts o Lebanon]] | district of Lebanon |- class='wd_q10876' | [[bacteria]] | bacteria | Bacteria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15468' | [[Badalona]] | Badalona | Badalona | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Catalonia | big city<br/>municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q188130' | [[Baiji]] | baiji | Baiji | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7569' | [[bairn]] | child | Bairn | population group<br/>class of human | population group<br/>class of human |- class='wd_q4412334' | [[Bakunawa]] | Bakunawa | Bakunawa | meethological serpent | mythological serpent |- class='wd_q39731' | [[Baltic states]] | Baltic states | Baltic states | geographic region<br/>triad | region<br/>triad |- class='wd_q5092' | [[Baltimore]] | Baltimore | Baltimore | independent ceety | independent city in the United States |- class='wd_q806273' | [[Bandarban Destrict]] | Bandarban District | Bandarban Destrict | district of Bangladesh | district of Bangladesh |- class='wd_q1355' | [[Bangalore]] | Bengaluru | Bangalore | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>state capital<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q1861' | [[Bangkok]] | Bangkok | Bangkok | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>financial center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>special administrative area of Thailand<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>financial center<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>special administrative area of Thailand<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q130774' | [[banner o Argentinae]] | flag of Argentina | Banner o Argentinae | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q160872' | [[Banner o Chile]] | flag of Chile | Banner o Chile | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q163008' | [[Banner o Cuba]] | flag of Cuba | Banner o Cuba | flag<br/>national flag | flag<br/>national flag |- class='wd_q30768' | [[Banner o East Timor]] | flag of East Timor | Banner o East Timor | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q122482' | [[Banner o Europe]] | flag of Europe | Banner o Europe | flag design | flag design |- class='wd_q47891' | [[Banner o Finland]] | flag of Finland | Banner o Finland | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q26491' | [[Banner o Georgie (kintra)|Banner o Georgie]] | flag of Georgia | Banner o Georgie (kintra) | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q48160' | [[Banner o Germany]] | flag of Germany | Banner o Germany | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q168935' | [[Banner o Malaysie]] | flag of Malaysia | Banner o Malaysie | flag<br/>national flag | flag<br/>national flag |- class='wd_q159865' | [[Banner o Morocco]] | flag of Morocco | Banner o Morocco | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q5456793' | [[Banner o North Vietnam]] | flag of North Vietnam | Banner o North Vietnam | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q81286' | [[Banner o Swaden]] | flag of Sweden | Banner o Swaden | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q483774' | [[Banner o Uzbekistan]] | flag of Uzbekistan | Banner o Uzbekistan | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q131204' | [[Banner o Vietnam]] | flag of Vietnam | Banner o Vietnam | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q183035' | [[Banteng]] | Bos javanicus | Banteng | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q790949' | [[Bartholin's gland]] | Bartholin's gland | Bartholin's gland | class of anatomical entity | class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q1172126' | [[Basil Spence]] | Basil Spence | Basil Spence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46185' | [[bass guitar]] | bass guitar | Bass guitar | type of musical instrument | type of musical instrument |- class='wd_q2575960' | [[Battle o Carham]] | Battle of Carham | Battle o Carham | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q151340' | [[Battle o Fraunce]] | Battle of France | Battle o Fraunce | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q179670' | [[Battle o Gaugamela]] | Battle of Gaugamela | Battle o Gaugamela | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q4871281' | [[Battle o Innerurie (1308)|Battle o Innerurie]] | Battle of Inverurie | Battle o Innerurie (1308) | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q127216' | [[Bauld eagle]] | Bald Eagle | Bauld eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45422' | [[baurm]] | yeast | Baurm | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q104761' | [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | association fitbaa club<br/>professional sports team | association football club<br/>professional sports team |- class='wd_q41890' | [[Bayswater]] | Bayswater | Bayswater | aurie o Lunnon | area of London |- class='wd_q179673' | [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]] | Beauty and the Beast | Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q81856' | [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] | Beaverton | Beaverton, Oregon | city of Oregon | city of Oregon |- class='wd_q813884' | [[Bedford RL]] | Bedford RL | Bedford RL | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q507235' | [[Bedford Vehicles]] | Bedford Vehicles | Bedford Vehicles | commercial vehicle manufacturer | commercial vehicle manufacturer |- class='wd_q217778' | [[Bishop's weed|beeshop's weed]] | Aegopodium podagraria | Bishop's weed | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q158617' | [[Begonia]] | Begonia | Begonia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q956' | [[Beijing]] | Beijing | Beijing | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>national central city<br/>Direct-controlled municipality<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>national capital<br/>former national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>national central city<br/>direct-administered municipality<br/>big city<br/>national capital<br/>former national capital |- class='wd_q11788' | [[beir]] | Ursidae | Beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25376' | [[Beld-cuit|beld pout]] | Common Coot | Beld-cuit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q896476' | [[Belgian horse]] | Belgian Draught | Belgian horse | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q31' | [[Belgium]] | Belgium | Belgium | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q2631905' | [[Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom]] | Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom | Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q342617' | [[Ben Whishaw]] | Ben Whishaw | Ben Whishaw | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3329808' | [[Benedict Wong]] | Benedict Wong | Benedict Wong | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80952' | [[Bengal teeger]] | Bengal tiger | Bengal teeger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48328' | [[Beowulf]] | Beowulf | Beowulf | epic poem | epic poem |- class='wd_q158563' | [[Berberis vulgaris]] | Berberis vulgaris | Berberis vulgaris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q64' | [[Berlin]] | Berlin | Berlin | city-state<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>Hanseatic ceety<br/>[[States o Germany|state o Germany]]<br/>seat o govrenment<br/>Unitary municipality in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>largest city<br/>town divided by border<br/>independent city in Berlin | city-state<br/>metropolis<br/>federal capital<br/>Hanseatic city<br/>federated state of Germany<br/>seat of government<br/>Unitary municipality in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>largest city<br/>town divided by border<br/>independent city in Berlin |- class='wd_q961874' | [[Bernabé Ferreyra]] | Bernabé Ferreyra | Bernabé Ferreyra | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16532287' | [[Betacoronavirus]] | Betacoronavirus | Betacoronavirus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q159532' | [[betel]] | betel | Betel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4164940' | [[Betta]] | Betta | Betta | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190631' | [[Bette Midler]] | Bette Midler | Bette Midler | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156895' | [[Betula pendula]] | Q156895 | Betula pendula | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3707847' | [[Beukkeepin]] | bookkeeping | Beukkeepin | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q172567' | [[Beşiktaş J.K.]] | Beşiktaş J.K. (Football) | Beşiktaş J.K. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q166788' | [[biathlon]] | biathlon | Biathlon | type o sport<br/>Olympic sport | type of sport<br/>Olympic sport |- class='wd_q25485' | [[big ox-ee]] | great tit | Big ox-ee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1124' | [[Bill Clinton]] | Bill Clinton | Bill Clinton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2619019' | [[Bill Nye]] | Bill Nye | Bill Nye | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q151113' | [[Billie Piper]] | Billie Piper | Billie Piper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5113' | [[Bird|birds]] | bird | Bird | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q19444' | [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham Ceety F.C.]] | Birmingham City F.C. | Birmingham City F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q727096' | [[birth defect]] | congenital disorder | Birth defect | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q18099' | [[bison]] | Bison | Bison | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147096' | [[bitter oranger]] | Citrus × aurantium | Bitter oranger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25368' | [[Bivalvia]] | Q25368 | Bivalvia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147701' | [[Bixa orellana]] | Bixa orellana | Bixa orellana | [[taxon]]<br/>material | taxon<br/>material |- class='wd_q104506' | [[Björn Borg]] | Björn Borg | Björn Borg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q879748' | [[Björn Strid]] | Björn Strid | Björn Strid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q95036' | [[black rhinoceros]] | Diceros bicornis | Black rhinoceros | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183339' | [[blackbuck]] | Antilope cervicapra | Blackbuck | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6934' | [[Blagoveshchensk]] | Blagoveshchensk | Blagoveshchensk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q1290' | [[Blaise Pascal]] | Blaise Pascal | Blaise Pascal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q217291' | [[Blanford's tod]] | Blanford's fox | Blanford's tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25309' | [[Blattodea]] | Q25309 | Blattodea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23445' | [[Black|bleck]] | black | Black | primary colour<br/>HTML4 named color<br/>safest web colors | primary color<br/>HTML4 named color<br/>safest web colors |- class='wd_q199758' | [[Blue jay]] | Blue Jay | Blue jay | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q42196' | [[Blue whaul]] | Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whaul | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205477' | [[blue-an-yellae macaw]] | Blue-and-yellow Macaw | Blue-an-yellae macaw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25404' | [[blue-bunnet]] | Eurasian blue tit | Blue-bunnet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27989' | [[bluebell]] | Campanula rotundifolia | Bluebell | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q853286' | [[Bluebird]] | Sialia | Bluebird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25709' | [[Bluiter]] | Eurasian Bittern | Bluiter | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q215388' | [[Boa constrictor]] | Boa constrictor | Boa constrictor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q444752' | [[Boa Sr.]] | Boa Sr. | Boa Sr. | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q35872' | [[boat]] | boat | Boat | boat type<br/>wattercraft type | boat type<br/>watercraft type |- class='wd_q121615' | [[Bobby Sands]] | Bobby Sands | Bobby Sands | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131907' | [[bobcat]] | bobcat | Bobcat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6394' | [[Boeing 707]] | Boeing 707 | Boeing 707 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6387' | [[Boeing 737]] | Boeing 737 | Boeing 737 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q179' | [[Boeing 747]] | Boeing 747 | Boeing 747 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6418' | [[Boeing 757]] | Boeing 757 | Boeing 757 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6423' | [[Boeing 767]] | Boeing 767 | Boeing 767 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q26431' | [[bog gled]] | Western Marsh Harrier | Bog gled | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q181969' | [[Bohai Sea]] | Bohai Sea | Bohai Sea | marginal sea | marginal sea |- class='wd_q179172' | [[Bojan Krkić]] | Bojan Krkić | Bojan Krkić | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q134747' | [[Bombyx mori]] | Bombyx mori | Bombyx mori | [[taxon]]<br/>silkworm | taxon<br/>silkworm |- class='wd_q19537' | [[bonobo]] | Bonobo | Bonobo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q207760' | [[Badock|Bonxie]] | Great Skua | Badock | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147075' | [[borage]] | borage | Borage | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26568' | [[Boraginaceae]] | Boraginaceae | Boraginaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q500857' | [[Borassus flabellifer]] | Borassus flabellifer | Borassus flabellifer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5319' | [[borax]] | borax | Borax | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q187045' | [[boric acid]] | orthoboric acid | Boric acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q80958' | [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas]] | Botafogo F.R. | Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas | association fitbaa club<br/>sports club | association football club<br/>sports club |- class='wd_q184634' | [[Boudica]] | Boudica | Boudica | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2167872' | [[Body hair|bouk hair]] | androgenic hair | Body hair | | |- class='wd_q25497' | [[bovid]] | Q25497 | Bovid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4979192' | [[Bovinae]] | Bovinae | Bovinae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38496' | [[Boxer (dug)|Boxer]] | Boxer | Boxer (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q205707' | [[Bradley Cooper]] | Bradley Cooper | Bradley Cooper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q487367' | [[Braeburn]] | Braeburn | Braeburn | chance seedling<br/>apple cultivar | chance seedling<br/>apple cultivar |- class='wd_q58677' | [[Brassica]] | Brassica | Brassica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156888' | [[Brassicaceae]] | Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185086' | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]] | Crown Dependencies | Croun dependencies | territory | territory |- class='wd_q842438' | [[Breetish fowk]] | British | Breetish fowk | [[population]] | human population |- class='wd_q4869954' | [[Breetish monarchs]] | list of British monarchs | Breetish monarchs | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q39782' | [[Bress]] | brass | Bress | | |- class='wd_q3644573' | [[Brig o Dee (brig)|Brig o Dee]] | Bridge of Dee | Brig o Dee (brig) | road brig<br/>stone arch bridge | road bridge<br/>stone arch bridge |- class='wd_q4975727' | [[Brithers' Circle]] | Brothers’ Circle | Brithers' Circle | organized crime group | organized crime group |- class='wd_q4970755' | [[British Rail Class 22]] | British Rail Class 22 | British Rail Class 22 | locomotive class | locomotive class |- class='wd_q920223' | [[British Steel (1967–1999)|British Steel]] | British Steel | British Steel (1967–1999) | [[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q4975856' | [[Brochtoun]] | Broughtown | Brochtoun | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q156529' | [[Bromeliaceae]] | Bromeliaceae | Bromeliaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q232278' | [[Brookesia micra]] | Brookesia micra | Brookesia micra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148134' | [[Bryozoa]] | Q148134 | Bryozoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13580495' | [[BTS (baund)|BTS]] | BTS | BTS (baund) | muisic baund<br/>boy baund | musical group<br/>boy band |- class='wd_q850563' | [[Bubble Guppies]] | Bubble Guppies | Bubble Guppies | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q639022' | [[Bufo]] | Bufo | Bufo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146375' | [[Bufo bufo]] | common toad | Bufo bufo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q193250' | [[Bulawayo]] | Bulawayo | Bulawayo | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q134091' | [[Bulbophyllum]] | Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q12495' | [[Burj Khalifa]] | Burj Khalifa | Burj Khalifa | skyscraper<br/>laundmark | skyscraper<br/>architectural landmark |- class='wd_q836' | [[Myanmar|Burma]] | Myanmar | Myanmar | [[kintra]]<br/>[[republic]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>republic<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q26691' | [[burrian]] | Red-throated Diver | Burrian | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191737' | [[buss dug]] | Speothos venaticus | Buss dug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45024346' | [[Bute witches]] | Bute witches | Bute witches | group o humans | group of humans |- class='wd_q30325551' | [[Butterbean's Café]] | Butterbean's Café | Butterbean's Café | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q173532' | [[Byblos]] | Byblos | Byblos | [[ceety]]<br/>city-state<br/>human settlement<br/>archaeological site | city<br/>city-state<br/>human settlement<br/>archaeological site |- class='wd_q35051' | [[cabbitch]] | Brassica oleracea var. capitata | Cabbitch | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5015361' | [[Caberfeidh]] | Caberfeidh | Caberfeidh | shinty team | shinty team |- class='wd_q4758' | [[Caecilian]] | Caecilian | Caecilian | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q91703' | [[Caenorhabditis elegans]] | Caenorhabditis elegans | Caenorhabditis elegans | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q428145' | [[Caledonian Sleeper]] | Caledonian Sleeper | Caledonian Sleeper | night train<br/>named passenger train service | night train<br/>named passenger train service |- class='wd_q194314' | [[Californie condor]] | California condor | Californie condor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q132895' | [[Callionymus lyra]] | Common dragonet | Callionymus lyra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147192' | [[Caltha palustris]] | Caltha palustris | Caltha palustris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q138367' | [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] | Camden | Camden, New Jersey | coonty seat<br/>ceety in New Jersey | county seat<br/>city in New Jersey |- class='wd_q101815' | [[Camellia sinensis]] | Camellia sinensis | Camellia sinensis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q155802' | [[Campanulaceae]] | Campanulaceae | Campanulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13707' | [[camshaft]] | camshaft | Camshaft | | |- class='wd_q12078' | [[cancer]] | cancer | Cancer | [[Dishailth|disease]]<br/>heal problem<br/>type of disease | disease<br/>health problem<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q5031643' | [[Candelaria, Nevada|Candelaria]] | Candelaria | Candelaria, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q558181' | [[CANDU reactor]] | CANDU reactor | CANDU reactor | Nuclear reactor | nuclear reactor |- class='wd_q25324' | [[Canidae]] | Canidae | Canidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2845' | [[Cannabis (drog)|cannabis]] | cannabis | Cannabis (drog) | [[drog]] | drug |- class='wd_q79817' | [[Cannabis]] | Cannabis | Cannabis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16572' | [[Guangzhou|Canton]] | Guangzhou | Guangzhou | megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>sub-province-level diveesion<br/>prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>sub-province-level division<br/>prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q12755' | [[Canton o Jura]] | Canton of Jura | Canton o Jura | canton o Swisserland<br/>constituent state | canton of Switzerland<br/>federated state |- class='wd_q272933' | [[Cape tod]] | Vulpes chama | Cape tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q129059' | [[Capercailzie]] | Western capercaillie | Capercailzie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179544' | [[Capetian dynasty]] | Capetian dynasty | Capetian dynasty | dynasty<br/>noble faimily | dynasty<br/>noble family |- class='wd_q172923' | [[Capra (genus)|Capra]] | Capra | Capra (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26125' | [[Caprimulgiformes]] | Caprimulgiformes | Caprimulgiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26717' | [[Caprimulgus europaeus]] | European Nightjar | Caprimulgus europaeus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201959' | [[Capsicum]] | Capsicum | Capsicum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1380' | [[Capsicum annuum]] | Capsicum annuum | Capsicum annuum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q30847' | [[Caracal]] | caracal | Caracal | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q623' | [[Caurbon|carbon]] | carbon | Caurbon | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>atmophile element | chemical element<br/>atmophile element |- class='wd_q158501' | [[Carex]] | Carex | Carex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q287793' | [[Carl Reiner]] | Carl Reiner | Carl Reiner | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q158874' | [[Carlos I o Portugal]] | Carlos I of Portugal | Carlos I o Portugal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170419' | [[Carlos Slim]] | Carlos Slim | Carlos Slim | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q204089' | [[Carlos Valderrama]] | Carlos Valderrama | Carlos Valderrama | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25306' | [[Carnivora]] | Carnivora | Carnivora | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q237994' | [[Carol Ann Duffy]] | Carol Ann Duffy | Carol Ann Duffy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q207739' | [[Carole Lombard]] | Carole Lombard | Carole Lombard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q577227' | [[Caroline Nokes]] | Caroline Nokes | Caroline Nokes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q81' | [[carrot]] | carrot | Carrot | food crop<br/>type of vegetable | food crop<br/>type of vegetable |- class='wd_q729304' | [[Carthage, Missouri|Carthage]] | Carthage | Carthage, Missouri | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q111840' | [[Carwyn Jones]] | Carwyn Jones | Carwyn Jones | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25995' | [[Caryophyllaceae]] | Caryophyllaceae | Caryophyllaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1046446' | [[Casa Loma]] | Casa Loma | Casa Loma | villa<br/>historic house museum | villa<br/>historic house museum |- class='wd_q83124' | [[cassava]] | cassava | Cassava | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1049507' | [[Castle Semple Loch]] | Castle Semple Loch | Castle Semple Loch | [[loch]] | lake |- class='wd_q146' | [[cat]] | cat | Cat | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q3883' | [[Catanzaro]] | Catanzaro | Catanzaro | [[ceety]]<br/>comune o Italy | city<br/>comune of Italy |- class='wd_q9943415' | [[:Category:Fermstockin]] | Category:Livestock | Category:Fermstockin | [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]] | Wikimedia category |- class='wd_q7973620' | [[:Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie]] | Category:Urban-type settlements in Russia | Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie | [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]] | Wikimedia category |- class='wd_q105667' | [[Catherine Ashton]] | Catherine Ashton | Catherine Ashton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17149' | [[Catshairk]] | Q17149 | Catshairk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7537' | [[cauliflouer]] | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | Cauliflouer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q210516' | [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|ceety in Serbie]] | list of cities in Serbia | Leet o ceeties in Serbie | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q23311' | [[Ceety o Lunnon]] | City of London | Ceety o Lunnon | [[ceety]]<br/>ceremonial county of England<br/>central business district<br/>financial center<br/>unparished area<br/>district of the United Kingdom<br/>district with city status | city<br/>ceremonial county of England<br/>central business district<br/>financial center<br/>unparished area<br/>district of the United Kingdom<br/>district with city status |- class='wd_q138617' | [[Ceiba pentandra]] | Ceiba pentandra | Ceiba pentandra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23012379' | [[Celery]] | celery | Celery | | |- class='wd_q6002' | [[Pro12|Celtic League]] | United Rugby Championship | Pro12 | professional sports league<br/>rugby union competition | professional sports league<br/>rugby union competition |- class='wd_q498162' | [[census-designated place]] | census-designated place in the United States | Census-designated place | admeenistrative diveesion<br/>type of place | administrative territorial entity<br/>type of place |- class='wd_q929' | [[Central African Republic]] | Central African Republic | Central African Republic | [[kintra]]<br/>[[republic]]<br/>landlockt kintra<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>republic<br/>landlocked country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q152283' | [[Central Pouers]] | Central Powers | Central Pouers | military alliance | military alliance |- class='wd_q504320' | [[Centurion (tank)|Centurion]] | Centurion | Centurion (tank) | combat vehicle family | combat vehicle family |- class='wd_q123252' | [[Cephalochordate|Cephalochordata]] | Cephalochordata | Cephalochordate | monotypic taxon | monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q130902' | [[Ceratosaurus]] | Ceratosaurus | Ceratosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q12117' | [[cereal]] | cereal | Cereal | group or class of agricultural products | group or class of agricultural products |- class='wd_q131340' | [[chamois]] | chamois | Chamois | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2088394' | [[Chandi]] | Chandi | Chandi | Devi<br/>form of Parvati | Devi<br/>form of Parvati |- class='wd_q451727' | [[Charles Bell]] | Charles Bell | Charles Bell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5686' | [[Charles Dickens]] | Charles Dickens | Charles Dickens | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q333452' | [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg]] | Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg | Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80321126' | [[Charles W Gray]] | Charles W Gray | Charles W Gray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q123026' | [[Charles Édouard Guillaume]] | Charles Édouard Guillaume | Charles Édouard Guillaume | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37785' | [[Charlotte's Web (1973 film)|Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web (1973 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q45735' | [[Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q213773' | [[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web (2006 film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q83161' | [[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure]] | Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure | Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q6604' | [[Charon (muin)|Charon]] | Charon | Charon (muin) | moon of Pluto | moon of Pluto |- class='wd_q38646266' | [[Chayote]] | Sicyos edulis | Chayote | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q902623' | [[ChEBI]] | ChEBI | ChEBI | ontology<br/>chemical database<br/>biological database<br/>OBO Foundry ontology<br/>ELIXIR Core Data Resource | ontology<br/>chemical database<br/>biological database<br/>OBO Foundry ontology<br/>ELIXIR Core Data Resource |- class='wd_q194422' | [[Chinee alligator|Cheenese alligator]] | Chinese alligator | Chinee alligator | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8201' | [[Cheenese chairacter]] | Chinese characters | Cheenese chairacter | [[writin seestem]]<br/>logographic writing system<br/>natural writing system | writing system<br/>logographic writing system<br/>natural writing system |- class='wd_q10876842' | [[Cheenese cuisine]] | Chinese cuisine | Cheenese cuisine | national cuisine | national cuisine |- class='wd_q1074195' | [[Chinee goral|Cheenese goral]] | Chinese goral | Chinee goral | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23907' | [[cheetah]] | cheetah | Cheetah | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156807' | [[Chelidonium]] | Chelidonium majus | Chelidonium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1069352' | [[Chemin des Révoires]] | Chemin des Révoires | Chemin des Révoires | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>footpath<br/>path | mountain<br/>footpath<br/>path |- class='wd_q2795' | [[Chemnitz]] | Chemnitz | Chemnitz | major regional center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>urban district in Saxony | major regional center<br/>big city<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>urban district in Saxony |- class='wd_q181369' | [[Chen-Ning Yang]] | Chen-ning Yang | Chen-Ning Yang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12003' | [[Cher]] | Cher | Cher | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192457' | [[Cherenkov radiation]] | Cherenkov radiation | Cherenkov radiation | phenomenon | phenomenon |- class='wd_q157053' | [[Chernihiv]] | Chernihiv | Chernihiv | city of regional significance of Ukraine | city of regional significance of Ukraine |- class='wd_q33273' | [[Chewa leid]] | Chewa | Chewa leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q298' | [[Chile]] | Chile | Chile | [[kintra]]<br/>nation<br/>transcontinental country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic | country<br/>nation<br/>transcontinental country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic |- class='wd_q14081' | [[Chimborazo (volcano)|Chimborazo]] | Chimborazo | Chimborazo (volcano) | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]] | mountain<br/>stratovolcano |- class='wd_q192930' | [[Chinchilla]] | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5100937' | [[Chinese spirit possession]] | Chinese spirit possession | Chinese spirit possession | | |- class='wd_q10915' | [[Chordate|chordates]] | Q10915 | Chordate | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q54314' | [[Chris Hemsworth]] | Chris Hemsworth | Chris Hemsworth | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q641364' | [[Christenmas decorations]] | Christmas decoration | Christenmas decorations | | |- class='wd_q49762' | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] | Christian Democratic Union | Christian Democratic Union (Germany) | [[poleetical pairty]]<br/>political party in Germany<br/>fraternal party<br/>major party | political party<br/>political party in Germany<br/>fraternal party<br/>major party |- class='wd_q159694' | [[Christian Dior]] | Christian Dior | Christian Dior | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q184103' | [[Christina Ricci]] | Christina Ricci | Christina Ricci | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5118436' | [[Chvrches]] | Chvrches | Chvrches | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q130778' | [[Cicada|Cicadidae]] | Cicadidae | Cicada | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3406' | [[Cichlid|Cichlidae]] | Cichlidae | Cichlid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21716' | [[Ciconiiformes]] | Ciconiiformes | Ciconiiformes | monotypic taxon | monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q43196' | [[Cincinnati]] | Cincinnati | Cincinnati | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Ohio | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city of Ohio |- class='wd_q201831' | [[Cinclus cinclus]] | Cinclus cinclus | Cinclus cinclus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191753' | [[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]] | Cinderella | Cinderella (1950 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q27282' | [[Cinnamomum]] | Cinnamomum | Cinnamomum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q163955' | [[Circaea lutetiana]] | Circaea lutetiana | Circaea lutetiana | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q341600' | [[Cirsium arvense]] | Cirsium arvense | Cirsium arvense | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q392283' | [[Cirsium dissectum]] | Cirsium dissectum | Cirsium dissectum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1446001' | [[Cirsium heterophyllum]] | Cirsium heterophyllum | Cirsium heterophyllum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21177' | [[Cirsium vulgare]] | Cirsium vulgare | Cirsium vulgare | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q199728' | [[Cisalpine Gaul]] | Cisalpine Gaul | Cisalpine Gaul | Roman province | Roman province |- class='wd_q36678' | [[Wast Bank|Cisjordan]] | West Bank | Wast Bank | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q1093495' | [[Citroën U23]] | Citroën U23 | Citroën U23 | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q17507129' | [[Citrullus lanatus]] | watermelon | Citrullus lanatus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q81513' | [[Citrus]] | Citrus | Citrus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26590' | [[Ciudad Juárez]] | Ciudad Juárez | Ciudad Juárez | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>locality of Mexico | border city<br/>big city<br/>locality of Mexico |- class='wd_q11460' | [[Cleidin|claes]] | clothing | Cleidin | | |- class='wd_q404495' | [[Clan Broun]] | Clan Broun | Clan Broun | noble faimily | noble family |- class='wd_q1094925' | [[Clan Campbell]] | Clan Campbell | Clan Campbell | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q2167776' | [[Clan Douglas]] | Clan Douglas | Clan Douglas | noble faimily | noble family |- class='wd_q1094951' | [[Clan Gordon]] | Clan Gordon | Clan Gordon | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q247418' | [[Clan Hay]] | Clan Hay | Clan Hay | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q1094959' | [[Clan Lindsay]] | Clan Lindsay | Clan Lindsay | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q1651263' | [[Clan Stewart]] | Clan Stewart | Clan Stewart | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q5125614' | [[Clan Straiton]] | Clan Straiton | Clan Straiton | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q2978374' | [[Claude Érignac]] | Claude Érignac | Claude Érignac | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q228241' | [[Cleg]] | Tabanidae | Cleg | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q157634' | [[Clematis]] | Clematis | Clematis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q160100' | [[Clematis vitalba]] | Clematis vitalba | Clematis vitalba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q40003' | [[Cleopatra III o Egyp]] | Cleopatra III of Egypt | Cleopatra III o Egyp | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q635' | [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] | Cleopatra | Cleopatra | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q873072' | [[clitoris]] | clitoris | Clitoris | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q25327' | [[Coccinellidae|Clock leddy]] | Q25327 | Coccinellidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36135' | [[cloodit leopard]] | clouded leopard | Cloodit leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5135110' | [[Clootie dumplin]] | clootie dumpling | Clootie dumplin | | |- class='wd_q483639' | [[Cloud computing|cloud will]] | cloud computing | Cloud computing | | |- class='wd_q211931' | [[Co-operative Pairty]] | Co-operative Party | Co-operative Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q188047' | [[Coat o airms o Lithuanie]] | Coat of arms of Lithuania | Coat o airms o Lithuanie | national coat of arms | national coat of arms |- class='wd_q159543' | [[Clock leddy|Coccinella septempunctata]] | Coccinella septempunctata | Clock leddy | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183124' | [[Cochabamba]] | Cochabamba | Cochabamba | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q159831' | [[Cochlearia anglica]] | Cochlearia anglica | Cochlearia anglica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q855094' | [[Coenonympha pamphilus]] | Small Heath | Coenonympha pamphilus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156354' | [[Coffea]] | Coffea | Coffea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8486' | [[coffee]] | coffee | Coffee | | |- class='wd_q9885' | [[Coimbatore]] | Coimbatore | Coimbatore | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q17621225' | [[Colchagua (histerical province)]] | Colchagua Province | Colchagua (histerical province) | province of Chile | province of Chile |- class='wd_q388435' | [[College Park, Georgie|College Park]] | College Park | College Park, Georgie | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>municipality of Georgia | city in the United States<br/>municipality of Georgia |- class='wd_q10285' | [[Colosseum]] | Colosseum | Colosseum | stadium<br/>archaeological site<br/>Italian national museum<br/>Roman amphitheatre<br/>historical civil building museum<br/>archaeological artifact museum<br/>Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture<br/>roman ruins | stadium<br/>archaeological site<br/>Italian national museum<br/>Roman amphitheatre<br/>historical civil building museum<br/>archaeological artifact museum<br/>Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture<br/>roman ruins |- class='wd_q133696' | [[colour blindness]] | color blindness | Colour blindness | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q182751' | [[Colubridae]] | Q182751 | Colubridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q106922' | [[Columbus]] | Columbus | Columbus | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q937876' | [[Comarques o Catalonie]] | comarca of Catalonia | Comarques o Catalonie | | |- class='wd_q909434' | [[Combustion chamber]] | combustion chamber | Combustion chamber | | |- class='wd_q860390' | [[Commer]] | Commer | Commer | automobile manufacturer<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | automobile manufacturer<br/>business |- class='wd_q81110' | [[common cairp]] | Cyprinus carpio | Common cairp | [[taxon]]<br/>fractional spawner | taxon<br/>fractional spawner |- class='wd_q12125' | [[common cauld]] | common cold | Common cauld | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q18845' | [[Common cuckoo|Common Cuckoo]] | Common Cuckoo | Common cuckoo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q161416' | [[Common dugwid|Common Dugwid]] | Cornus sanguinea | Common dugwid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216815' | [[common eland]] | common eland | Common eland | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27465' | [[Common frog]] | Common frog | Common frog | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q911786' | [[Common garter snake|Common Garter Snake]] | common garter snake | Common garter snake | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q586594' | [[common stingray]] | common stingray | Common stingray | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7779' | [[Commonweel o Independent States]] | Commonwealth of Independent States | Commonweel o Independent States | intergovrenmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>commonwealth<br/>nationality for sports | intergovernmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>commonwealth<br/>nationality for sports |- class='wd_q11024' | [[communication]] | communication | Communication | social behaviour<br/>social skill<br/>academic discipline<br/>type of process<br/>type of interaction | social behavior<br/>social skill<br/>academic discipline<br/>type of process<br/>type of interaction |- class='wd_q40591' | [[Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto seal]] | The Communist Manifesto | Communist Manifesto | manifesto<br/>leeterary wirk | manifesto<br/>literary work |- class='wd_q130880' | [[Compsognathus]] | Compsognathus | Compsognathus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q22657' | [[concrete]] | concrete | Concrete | | |- class='wd_q147298' | [[cone cell]] | cone cell | Cone cell | cell type<br/>retinal cell | cell type<br/>retinal cell |- class='wd_q81931' | [[Confederate States o Americae]] | Confederate States of America | Confederate States o Americae | historical unrecognized state | historical unrecognized state |- class='wd_q9626' | [[Tory an Unionist Pairty|Conservative Pairty]] | Conservative Party | Tory an Unionist Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q216980' | [[Constantine P. Cavafy]] | Konstantinos P. Cavafy | Constantine P. Cavafy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8413' | [[Constantine the Great]] | Constantine the Great | Constantine the Great | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26718' | [[Continental Congress]] | Continental Congress | Continental Congress | unicameral legislature | unicameral legislature |- class='wd_q192299' | [[Coonties o Norawa]] | county of Norway | Coonties o Norawa | admeenistrative diveesion | administrative territorial entity |- class='wd_q171809' | [[Coonties o Ingland|coonty o Ingland]] | county of England | Coonties o Ingland | | |- class='wd_q753' | [[Capper|copper]] | copper | Capper | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>chalcophile element<br/>simple substance | chemical element<br/>chalcophile element<br/>simple substance |- class='wd_q484131' | [[Coraciiformes]] | Coraciiformes | Coraciiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171446' | [[coral]] | coral | Coral | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q169973' | [[Coriolis force]] | Coriolis force | Coriolis force | scientific theory | scientific theory |- class='wd_q347404' | [[Cork]] | Cork | Cork | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1134583' | [[Coronaviridae]] | Coronaviridae | Coronaviridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84263196' | [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] | COVID-19 | COVID-19 | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q187024' | [[corsac tod]] | corsac fox | Corsac tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q124969' | [[Corylus avellana]] | Corylus avellana | Corylus avellana | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48544' | [[Cosimo de' Medici]] | Cosimo de' Medici | Cosimo de' Medici | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45382' | [[coup d'état]] | coup d'état | Coup d'état | | |- class='wd_q44299' | [[coyote]] | coyote | Coyote | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84149' | [[Craniate]] | Q84149 | Craniate | clade | clade |- class='wd_q155938' | [[Crassulaceae]] | Crassulaceae | Crassulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q126256' | [[craw-nebs]] | Anthyllis vulneraria | Craw-nebs | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q111059' | [[Creetical pynt (thermodynamics)|creetical pynt]] | critical point | Creetical pynt (thermodynamics) | | |- class='wd_q1840756' | [[Crested clagbird]] | Crested Bellbird | Crested clagbird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26017' | [[Crex crex]] | Corn Crake | Crex crex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5185548' | [[Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980]] | Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 | Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 | Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom | Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q33666' | [[Crinoid]] | Crinoidea | Crinoid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11571' | [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] | Cristiano Ronaldo | Cristiano Ronaldo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2658232' | [[Cristina Calderón]] | Cristina Calderón | Cristina Calderón | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q134479' | [[Croatie naitional fitbaw team|Croatie naitional fitbaa team]] | Croatia men's national football team | Croatie naitional fitbaw team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q25363' | [[Crocodilia]] | Crocodilia | Crocodilia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43169' | [[Crocodylidae]] | Crocodile | Crocodylidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15212096' | [[Cruachan Dam]] | Cruachan Power Station | Cruachan Dam | pumped-storage power station | pumped-storage power station |- class='wd_q1107181' | [[cruiner]] | grey gurnard | Cruiner | [[fish]]<br/>[[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | fish<br/>taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q46135' | [[Créteil]] | Créteil | Créteil | [[ceety]]<br/>commune o Fraunce | city<br/>commune of France |- class='wd_q183364' | [[Cuculiformes]] | Cuculiformes | Cuculiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23425' | [[Cucumber]] | Cucumis sativus | Cucumber | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148758' | [[Cucumis]] | Cucumis | Cucumis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5339301' | [[Cucurbita]] | Cucurbita | Cucurbita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8314' | [[Cucurbitaceae]] | Cucurbitaceae | Cucurbitaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21875' | [[Cucurbitales]] | Cucurbitales | Cucurbitales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19707' | [[Cuddie]] | donkey | Cuddie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192914' | [[Cult o personality]] | cult of personality | Cult o personality | | |- class='wd_q28598' | [[Cultural anthropologie|Cultural Antropologie]] | cultural anthropology | Cultural anthropologie | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q132624' | [[cumin]] | Cuminum cyminum | Cumin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25577567' | [[Cyanobacteria]] | Cyanobacteriota | Cyanobacteria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q161517' | [[Cycas revoluta]] | Cycas revoluta | Cycas revoluta | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152314' | [[Cyclone Nargis]] | Cyclone Nargis | Cyclone Nargis | [[cyclone]] | cyclone |- class='wd_q30066' | [[Cyclopterus lumpus]] | Cyclopterus lumpus | Cyclopterus lumpus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43300' | [[Cydonia oblonga]] | Cydonia oblonga | Cydonia oblonga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q953477' | [[Cylinder block]] | cylinder block | Cylinder block | physical technological component | physical technological component |- class='wd_q164270' | [[Cymbalaria muralis]] | Cymbalaria muralis | Cymbalaria muralis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q381584' | [[Cynoglossum officinale]] | Cynoglossum officinale | Cynoglossum officinale | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q155843' | [[Cyperaceae]] | Cyperaceae | Cyperaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q35047' | [[Cyprinidae]] | Cyprinidae | Cyprinidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q177879' | [[Cypriniformes]] | Q177879 | Cypriniformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8209' | [[Cyrillic script]] | Cyrillic script | Cyrillic script | [[writin seestem]] | writing system |- class='wd_q964233' | [[D. E. Stevenson]] | D. E. Stevenson | D. E. Stevenson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q238593' | [[D.C. United]] | D.C. United | D.C. United | association fitbaa club<br/>[[Fitbaw team|fitbaa team]] | association football club<br/>association football team |- class='wd_q25282' | [[Da Nang]] | Da Nang | Da Nang | [[ceety]]<br/>Municipalities o Vietnam<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>centrally-controlled city of Vietnam<br/>big city |- class='wd_q29099' | [[Dachshund]] | dachshund | Dachshund | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q161735' | [[Dactylis glomerata]] | Dactylis glomerata | Dactylis glomerata | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q494447' | [[Daewoo Espero]] | Daewoo Espero | Daewoo Espero | car model | car model |- class='wd_q494469' | [[Daewoo Magnus]] | Daewoo Magnus | Daewoo Magnus | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1151620' | [[DAF 600]] | DAF 600 | DAF 600 | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1157579' | [[Daihatsu Taft]] | Daihatsu Taft | Daihatsu Taft | car model | car model |- class='wd_q355388' | [[Dale Earnhardt, Jr.|Dale Earnhardt]] | Dale Earnhardt Jr. | Dale Earnhardt, Jr. | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17504' | [[Dalmatian (dug)|Dalmatian]] | Dalmatian | Dalmatian (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q328153' | [[Damanhur]] | Damanhur | Damanhur | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q3766' | [[Damascus]] | Damascus | Damascus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>auncient ceety<br/>populated place in Syria<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>big city<br/>ancient city<br/>populated place in Syria<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q189383' | [[Damietta]] | Damietta | Damietta | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1067' | [[Dante Alighieri]] | Dante Alighieri | Dante Alighieri | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q733120' | [[Darwin's rhea]] | Lesser Rhea | Darwin's rhea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5211618' | [[Darymple]] | Dalrymple | Darymple | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q213333' | [[Dasyuromorphia]] | Dasyuromorphia | Dasyuromorphia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36760' | [[David IV o Georgie]] | David IV of Georgia | David IV o Georgie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188792' | [[David Schwimmer]] | David Schwimmer | David Schwimmer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q430464' | [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]] | Dearborn | Dearborn, Michigan | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q4610' | [[decapoda]] | Q4610 | Decapoda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191637' | [[decay product]] | decay product | Decay product | | |- class='wd_q169759' | [[Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen]] | Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen | [[document]]<br/>declaration | document<br/>declaration |- class='wd_q608613' | [[decline o the Roman Empire]] | fall of the western Roman Empire | Decline o the Roman Empire | decadence<br/>dissolution of an administrative territorial entity | decadence<br/>dissolution of an administrative territorial entity |- class='wd_q14405' | [[Deinonychus]] | Deinonychus | Deinonychus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q215519' | [[Democratic Unionist Party|Democratic Unionist Pairty]] | Democratic Unionist Party | Democratic Unionist Party | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q130018' | [[Denali]] | Q130018 | Denali | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q16554' | [[Denver]] | Denver | Denver | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty<br/>municipality of Colorado | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county<br/>municipality of Colorado |- class='wd_q734273' | [[Derek Riordan]] | Derek Riordan | Derek Riordan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1200131' | [[Derek Shulman]] | Derek Shulman | Derek Shulman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17278086' | [[Descendants (2015 film)|Descendants]] | Descendants | Descendants (2015 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q26154237' | [[Descendants 2]] | Descendants 2 | Descendants 2 | television film | television film |- class='wd_q216888' | [[Destricts o Luxembourg]] | district of Luxembourg | Destricts o Luxembourg | type of administrative division of Luxembourg | type of administrative division of Luxembourg |- class='wd_q177323' | [[developin kintra]] | developing country | Developin kintra | geographic region<br/>place | region<br/>geographic location |- class='wd_q1133406' | [[DevilDriver]] | DevilDriver | DevilDriver | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q1156998' | [[Devourment]] | Devourment | Devourment | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q1354' | [[Dhaka]] | Dhaka | Dhaka | admeenistrative diveesion<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>financial center<br/>largest city | administrative territorial entity<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>financial center<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q9685' | [[Diana, Princess o Wales]] | Diana, Princess of Wales | Diana, Princess o Wales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156099' | [[Dianthus]] | Dianthus | Dianthus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q162678' | [[Diatom|Diatomea]] | Diatomea | Diatom | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q189388' | [[didgeridoo]] | didgeridoo | Didgeridoo | type of musical instrument | type of musical instrument |- class='wd_q258115' | [[Diego Simeone]] | Diego Simeone | Diego Simeone | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174174' | [[diesel ingine]] | diesel engine | Diesel ingine | | |- class='wd_q34336' | [[Diesel locomotive]] | diesel locomotive | Diesel locomotive | [[locomotive]] | locomotive |- class='wd_q25670' | [[Digital object identifier]] | digital object identifier | Digital object identifier | persistent identifier<br/>publication identifier | persistent identifier<br/>publication identifier |- class='wd_q157555' | [[Digitalis purpurea]] | Digitalis purpurea | Digitalis purpurea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216263' | [[dik-dik]] | Madoqua | Dik-dik | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q755714' | [[Dikarya]] | Dikarya | Dikarya | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38584' | [[dingo]] | dingo | Dingo | [[taxon]]<br/>dog breed<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>dog breed<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q2740164' | [[Dinosauriformes]] | Q2740164 | Dinosauriformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171241' | [[Diodorus Siculus]] | Diodorus Siculus | Diodorus Siculus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q14330' | [[Diplodocus]] | Diplodocus | Diplodocus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q273071' | [[Dipodidae]] | Dipodidae | Dipodidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26332' | [[Diprotodontia|Diprotodont]] | Diprotodontia | Diprotodontia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21774' | [[Dipsacales]] | Dipsacales | Dipsacales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q580593' | [[Dipterocarpaceae]] | Dipterocarpaceae | Dipterocarpaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q456226' | [[Direct Rail Services]] | Direct Rail Services | Direct Rail Services | [[Business|buisiness]]<br/>Train operatin company | business<br/>train operating company |- class='wd_q2020424' | [[Dirleton]] | Dirleton | Dirleton | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q12136' | [[Dishailth|disease]] | disease | Dishailth | first-order class<br/>type of condition | first-order class<br/>type of condition |- class='wd_q1459069' | [[distributor]] | distributor | Distributor | device<br/>automotive part | device<br/>automotive part |- class='wd_q10244' | [[Diwali|Divali]] | Diwali | Diwali | festival<br/>[[haliday]] | festival<br/>holiday |- class='wd_q38358' | [[Doberman Pinscher]] | Dobermann | Doberman Pinscher | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q202504' | [[doiterel]] | Eurasian Dotterel | Doiterel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14083' | [[Dollar (siller)|dollar]] | dollar | Dollar (siller) | economic term | economic term |- class='wd_q171433' | [[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly]] | Dolly the Sheep | Dolly (sheep) | ewe<br/>individual animal<br/>cloned mammal | ewe<br/>individual animal<br/>cloned mammal |- class='wd_q787' | [[Domestic pig]] | pig | Domestic pig | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q784' | [[Dominica]] | Dominica | Dominica | [[kintra]]<br/>island country<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>island country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q131479' | [[Dominican Order]] | Dominican Order | Dominican Order | mendicant order<br/>organization<br/>first order | mendicant order<br/>organization<br/>first order |- class='wd_q80905' | [[Donald A. Glaser]] | Donald Arthur Glaser | Donald A. Glaser | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22686' | [[Donald Trump]] | Donald Trump | Donald Trump | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q331031' | [[Dora the Explorer]] | Dora the Explorer | Dora the Explorer | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q206405' | [[Douglas Osheroff]] | Douglas Osheroff | Douglas Osheroff | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q24039769' | [[Douglas Ross]] | Douglas Ross | Douglas Ross | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q13560423' | [[Dove Cameron]] | Dove Cameron | Dove Cameron | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q47715' | [[Down syndrome|Down's syndrome]] | Down syndrome | Down syndrome | disability<br/>type of disease | disability<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q2215877' | [[Downtown Miami]] | Downtown Miami | Downtown Miami | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district | neighborhood<br/>central business district |- class='wd_q212715' | [[DragonForce]] | DragonForce | DragonForce | rock baund | rock band |- class='wd_q25372' | [[Drama]] | drama | Drama | literary mode<br/>special field<br/>literary form<br/>academic discipline | literary mode<br/>field of study<br/>literary form<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q1629859' | [[Drax pouer station]] | Drax power station | Drax pouer station | biomass-fired power station | biomass-fired power station |- class='wd_q71516' | [[dromedary]] | Camelus dromedarius | Dromedary | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156185' | [[Droseraceae]] | Droseraceae | Droseraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q981816' | [[Dublin, Texas|Dublin]] | Dublin | Dublin, Texas | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q1722' | [[Dubrovnik]] | Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik | port ceety<br/>ceety o Croatie | port city<br/>town in Croatia |- class='wd_q129544' | [[Dugong]] | dugong | Dugong | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4810109' | [[Dujail Massacre]] | Dujail Massacre | Dujail Massacre | massacre | massacre |- class='wd_q91818' | [[dun]] | dun | Dun | | |- class='wd_q580502' | [[Duncan Shearer]] | Duncan Shearer | Duncan Shearer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q867610' | [[Dundee cake]] | Dundee cake | Dundee cake | | |- class='wd_q1466274' | [[Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station]] | Dungeness Nuclear Power Station | Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station | set of physical objects | set of physical objects |- class='wd_q651981' | [[Dáil Éireann]] | Dáil Éireann | Dáil Éireann | lawer chamber<br/>elected legislative house | lower house<br/>elected legislative house |- class='wd_q111471' | [[Dál Riata]] | Dál Riata | Dál Riata | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q704041' | [[Eason Chan]] | Eason Chan | Eason Chan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q792143' | [[East African oryx]] | East African oryx | East African oryx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16957' | [[East Germany]] | German Democratic Republic | East Germany | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q171323' | [[East Thrace]] | East Thrace | East Thrace | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q122563' | [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin|Eau Claire]] | Eau Claire | Eau Claire, Wisconsin | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>seicont-class ceety | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>second-class city |- class='wd_q156669' | [[Ebenaceae]] | Ebenaceae | Ebenaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q51993' | [[Ebola virus disease]] | Ebola hemorrhagic fever | Ebola virus disease | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q239107' | [[Edfu]] | Edfu | Edfu | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q16380756' | [[Edgar Housepian]] | Edgar Housepian | Edgar Housepian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q76749' | [[Edith Stein]] | Edith Stein | Edith Stein | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5236' | [[Edward II o Ingland]] | Edward II of England | Edward II o Ingland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q728039' | [[Edwyn Collins]] | Edwyn Collins | Edwyn Collins | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2994343' | [[Economic an Social Cooncil|Eeconomic an Social Cooncil (Côte d'Ivoire)]] | Economic and Social Council (Ivory Coast) | Economic an Social Cooncil | govrenment agency | government agency |- class='wd_q154934' | [[Egbert o Wessex]] | Ecgberht | Egbert o Wessex | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1274604' | [[EGP-6]] | EGP-6 | EGP-6 | light water graphite reactor | light water graphite reactor |- class='wd_q4117865' | [[Egyp–Turkey relations]] | Egypt–Turkey relations | Egyp–Turkey relations | bilateral relation | bilateral relation |- class='wd_q134762' | [[Eilat]] | Eilat | Eilat | emporium<br/>city council | emporium<br/>city council |- class='wd_q1111' | [[Electric chairge|electric charge]] | electric charge | Electric chairge | | |- class='wd_q189511' | [[electronic cigarette]] | electronic cigarette | Electronic cigarette | | |- class='wd_q11344' | [[Chemical element|element]] | chemical element | Chemical element | group or class of chemical substances<br/>second-order class | group or class of chemical substances<br/>second-order class |- class='wd_q232680' | [[Elena Baltacha]] | Elena Baltacha | Elena Baltacha | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q173115' | [[Elio de Angelis]] | Elio de Angelis | Elio de Angelis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10633' | [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] | Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1331219' | [[Elizabeth Hamilton (writer)|Elizabeth Hamilton]] | Elizabeth Hamilton | Elizabeth Hamilton (writer) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q130752' | [[Elizabeth o Roushie]] | Elizabeth I of Russia | Elizabeth o Roushie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q317521' | [[Elon Musk]] | Elon Musk | Elon Musk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5367589' | [[Elsie Inglis]] | Elsie Inglis | Elsie Inglis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q852573' | [[Elvenking]] | Elvenking | Elvenking | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q28486' | [[Emberizidae]] | Emberizidae | Emberizidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201128' | [[Emblem o Turkmenistan]] | emblem of Turkmenistan | Emblem o Turkmenistan | national coat of arms | national coat of arms |- class='wd_q1263' | [[Emilia-Romagna]] | Emilia-Romagna | Emilia-Romagna | [[regions o Italy]] | region of Italy |- class='wd_q188939' | [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] | Emilio Aguinaldo | Emilio Aguinaldo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q238445' | [[Emirate o Granada]] | Emirate of Granada | Emirate o Granada | Emirate<br/>historical state<br/>sultanate | Emirate<br/>historical country<br/>sultanate |- class='wd_q39476' | [[Emma Watson]] | Q39476 | Emma Watson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9722' | [[Emperor Ruizong o Tang]] | Emperor Ruizong of Tang | Emperor Ruizong o Tang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q93208' | [[emu]] | Emu | Emu | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26696' | [[ennet]] | Common Eider | Ennet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8753' | [[Enrico Fermi]] | Enrico Fermi | Enrico Fermi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1447266' | [[Envigado]] | Envigado | Envigado | [[Municipalities o Colombie]] | municipality of Colombia |- class='wd_q41571' | [[epilepsy]] | epilepsy | Epilepsy | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q682443' | [[Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)|Episcopal Kirk]] | Episcopal Church | Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States) | voluntary association<br/>nan-profit organisation<br/>Christian denomination<br/>Episcopal Church | voluntary association<br/>nonprofit organization<br/>Christian denomination<br/>Episcopal Church |- class='wd_q643657' | [[EPR (nuclear reactor)|EPR]] | European Pressurized Reactor | EPR (nuclear reactor) | [[Generation III reactor]] | Generation III reactor |- class='wd_q28114' | [[Equisetum]] | Equisetum | Equisetum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184674' | [[erectile dysfunction]] | erectile dysfunction | Erectile dysfunction | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q3056695' | [[Erlend Haraldsson]] | Erlend Haraldsson | Erlend Haraldsson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9123' | [[Ernest Rutherford]] | Ernest Rutherford | Ernest Rutherford | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q121973' | [[Eros]] | Eros | Eros | personification<br/>Greek primordial deities<br/>fertility deity<br/>Greek deity | personification<br/>Greek primordial deity<br/>fertility deity<br/>Greek deity |- class='wd_q25419' | [[Escherichia coli]] | Escherichia coli | Escherichia coli | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q3649072' | [[Eshera]] | Eshera | Eshera | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q10980893' | [[Esk]] | newt | Esk | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q1015463' | [[Ettadhamen-Mnihla]] | Ettadhamen-Mnihla | Ettadhamen-Mnihla | municipality of Tunisia | municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q45669' | [[Eucalyptus]] | Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8747' | [[Euclid]] | Euclid | Euclid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q165468' | [[Eudicots]] | Q165468 | Eudicots | clade | clade |- class='wd_q188622' | [[Eunectes]] | Anaconda | Eunectes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2752642' | [[Euornithes]] | Euornithes | Euornithes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8919' | [[European Atomic Energy Commonty]] | European Atomic Energy Community | European Atomic Energy Commonty | organization<br/>international organization<br/>regional organization | organization<br/>international organization<br/>regional organization |- class='wd_q161549' | [[European Coal an Steel Commonty]] | European Coal and Steel Community | European Coal an Steel Commonty | regional organization | regional organization |- class='wd_q183191' | [[European Convention on Human Richts]] | European Convention on Human Rights | European Convention on Human Richts | international human rights instrument<br/>Council of Europe treaty | international human rights instrument<br/>Council of Europe treaty |- class='wd_q122880' | [[European Coort o Human Richts]] | European Court of Human Rights | European Coort o Human Richts | international court | international court |- class='wd_q26559' | [[European mink]] | Mustela lutreola | European mink | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q300955' | [[European sea sturgeon]] | European sea sturgeon | European sea sturgeon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q612943' | [[European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5]] | European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5 | European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5 | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q458' | [[European Union]] | European Union | European Union | [[confederation]]<br/>supranational union<br/>regional organization<br/>political economic union | confederation<br/>supranational union<br/>regional organization<br/>political economic union |- class='wd_q42410' | [[Evo Morales]] | Evo Morales | Evo Morales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q107411' | [[Eyster]] | oyster | Eyster | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group |- class='wd_q21878' | [[Fabales]] | Q21878 | Fabales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21881' | [[Fagales]] | Q21881 | Fagales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5430546' | [[Fairlie, North Ayrshire|Fairlie]] | Fairlie | Fairlie, North Ayrshire | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q9648' | [[Fauklan Isles|falkland islands]] | Falkland Islands | Fauklan Isles | [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territories]] | British Overseas Territories |- class='wd_q1233836' | [[Fallopian tube]] | fallopian tube | Fallopian tube | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q59148' | [[Famagusta Destrict]] | Famagusta District | Famagusta Destrict | [[Destricts o Cyprus]] | district of Cyprus |- class='wd_q17459' | [[Fandom (wabsteid)|Fandom]] | Q17459 | Fandom (wabsteid) | wiki hosting service<br/>web hosting service<br/>MediaWiki steid | wiki hosting service<br/>web hosting service<br/>MediaWiki wiki |- class='wd_q223179' | [[Faroese fowk]] | Faroese | Faroese fowk | [[population]] | human population |- class='wd_q127980' | [[fat]] | fat | Fat | nutrient group | nutrient group |- class='wd_q321061' | [[FC Sion]] | FC Sion | FC Sion | association fitbaa club<br/>sports club | association football club<br/>sports club |- class='wd_q1640582' | [[fecht-or-flicht response]] | acute stress response | Fecht-or-flicht response | concept | concept |- class='wd_q42602' | [[Felinae]] | Felinae | Felinae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q208373' | [[female genital mittlin]] | female genital mutilation | Female genital mittlin | ritual<br/>violence against women | ritual<br/>violence against women |- class='wd_q131564' | [[fennec tod]] | Vulpes zerda | Fennec tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q75780' | [[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]] | Ferdinand von Zeppelin | Ferdinand von Zeppelin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2576842' | [[Ferrari 166 Inter]] | Ferrari 166 Inter | Ferrari 166 Inter | car model | car model |- class='wd_q3405025' | [[Ffa Coffi Pawb]] | Ffa Coffi Pawb | Ffa Coffi Pawb | muisical ensemble | musical ensemble |- class='wd_q216517' | [[Fianna Fáil]] | Fianna Fáil | Fianna Fáil | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q59798' | [[Ficus]] | Ficus | Ficus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185674' | [[Field (pheesics)|field]] | field | Field (pheesics) | concept in physics | concept in physics |- class='wd_q253414' | [[FIFA]] | FIFA | FIFA | nan-profit organisation<br/>association football federation<br/>international sport governing body<br/>metaorganization | nonprofit organization<br/>association football federation<br/>international sport governing body<br/>metaorganization |- class='wd_q125351662' | [[FIFA Men's World Ranking]] | FIFA Men's World Rankings | FIFA Men's World Ranking | ranking | ranking |- class='wd_q599301' | [[Financial District, San Francisco|Financial District]] | Financial District | Financial District, San Francisco | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood in San Francisco | neighborhood<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood in San Francisco |- class='wd_q5997' | [[fine-structur constant]] | fine-structure constant | Fine-structur constant | dimensionless quantity<br/>[[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]<br/>coupling constant | dimensionless quantity<br/>physical constant<br/>coupling constant |- class='wd_q5450695' | [[Finnan haddie]] | Finnan haddie | Finnan haddie | [[fuid]] | food |- class='wd_q33328' | [[Finnic leids]] | Finnic | Finnic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q1412' | [[Finnish leid|Finnish]] | Finnish | Finnish leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q25519942' | [[Firmicutes]] | Bacillota | Firmicutes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q29269' | [[First Chechen War]] | First Chechen War | First Chechen War | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q7166256' | [[First Lady o the Unitit States]] | First Lady of the United States | First Lady o the Unitit States | title<br/>poseetion | title<br/>position |- class='wd_q152' | [[fish]] | fish | Fish | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group |- class='wd_q2736' | [[Fitba|fitbaa]] | association football | Fitba | type o sport<br/>[[habby]]<br/>Olympic sport<br/>team sport<br/>spectator sport | type of sport<br/>hobby<br/>Olympic sport<br/>team sport<br/>spectator sport |- class='wd_q242115' | [[Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period]] | Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period | Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period | decad<br/>historical state<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>group<br/>pentad | decad<br/>historical country<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>group<br/>pentad |- class='wd_q59577' | [[flatfish]] | Pleuronectiformes | Flatfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5401971' | [[fleein saucer]] | flying saucer | Fleein saucer | | |- class='wd_q776670' | [[Florida panther]] | Florida panther | Florida panther | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25314' | [[flouerin plant]] | Q25314 | Flouerin plant | clade | clade |- class='wd_q318588' | [[FN P90]] | FN P90 | FN P90 | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q27671' | [[FN SCAR]] | SCAR | FN SCAR | firearm family | firearm family |- class='wd_q107027' | [[Foraminifera]] | Foraminifera | Foraminifera | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5467258' | [[Forbes Masson]] | Forbes Masson | Forbes Masson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1436754' | [[Ford Comète]] | Ford Comète | Ford Comète | car model | car model |- class='wd_q3866345' | [[Ford flatheid V8 ingine]] | Ford flathead V8 engine | Ford flatheid V8 ingine | ingine faimily | engine family |- class='wd_q52628184' | [[Ford V-8]] | Ford V-8 | Ford V-8 | | |- class='wd_q1437035' | [[Ford Vedette]] | Ford Vedette | Ford Vedette | car model | car model |- class='wd_q26896' | [[foumaw]] | Northern Fulmar | Foumaw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148' | [[Republic o the Fowk o Cheena|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] | People's Republic of China | Republic o the Fowk o Cheena | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q208258' | [[France Gall]] | France Gall | France Gall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q450675' | [[Pape Francis|Francis]] | Pope Francis | Pape Francis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3046878' | [[Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk o Scotland]] | Free Church of Scotland | Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900) | Christian Church | Christian Church |- class='wd_q49220' | [[Fremont, Californie|Fremont]] | Fremont | Fremont, Californie | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>sanctuary city<br/>city of California | big city<br/>sanctuary city<br/>city of California |- class='wd_q30971' | [[French Polynesie]] | French Polynesia | French Polynesie | French owerseas collectivity | overseas collectivity of France |- class='wd_q72292' | [[Fridtjof Nansen]] | Fridtjof Nansen | Fridtjof Nansen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22670' | [[Friedrich Schiller]] | Friedrich Schiller | Friedrich Schiller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q128269' | [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]] | Frisco | Frisco, Texas | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q192534' | [[Fuerteventura]] | Fuerteventura | Fuerteventura | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q853718' | [[Fun and Fancy Free]] | Fun and Fancy Free | Fun and Fancy Free | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q34750' | [[Fuxin]] | Fuxin | Fuxin | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q991' | [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] | Fyodor Dostoyevsky | Fyodor Dostoyevsky | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q40349' | [[Gagra Destrict]] | Gagra District | Gagra Destrict | district of Abkhazia | district of Abkhazia |- class='wd_q124946' | [[gairdenin]] | gardening | Gairdenin | [[habby]]<br/>branch of agriculture | hobby<br/>branch of agriculture |- class='wd_q9307' | [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] | Galician | Galicie leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q309467' | [[Gallimimus]] | Gallimimus | Gallimimus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q23572' | [[Game of Thrones]] | Game of Thrones | Game of Thrones | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q11523' | [[gamma ray]] | gamma ray | Gamma ray | [[electromagnetic radiation]] | electromagnetic radiation |- class='wd_q8010' | [[Ganger crossin]] | pedestrian crossing | Ganger crossin | | |- class='wd_q1366959' | [[Garda Síochána]] | Garda Síochána | Garda Síochána | [[polis]]<br/>national police | police<br/>national police |- class='wd_q184586' | [[Gareth Bale]] | Gareth Bale | Gareth Bale | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q643373' | [[garfish]] | Garfish | Garfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5524423' | [[Gartnait, Yerl o Mar]] | Gartnait, Earl of Mar | Gartnait, Yerl o Mar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q182333' | [[gas constant]] | molar gas constant | Gas constant | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant |- class='wd_q193470' | [[gas turbine]] | gas turbine | Gas turbine | | |- class='wd_q187138' | [[Gasherbrum I]] | Gasherbrum | Gasherbrum I | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q186853' | [[Gasherbrum II]] | Gasherbrum II | Gasherbrum II | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q174296' | [[Gaur]] | Bos gaurus | Gaur | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9441' | [[Gautama Buddha]] | The Buddha | Gautama Buddha | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q694025' | [[GAZ-M20 Pobeda]] | GAZ-M20 Pobeda | GAZ-M20 Pobeda | car model | car model |- class='wd_q190858' | [[Gazelle|Gazella]] | Gazella | Gazelle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q775' | [[Gelderland]] | Gelderland | Gelderland | [[Provinces o the Netherlands]] | province of the Netherlands |- class='wd_q207043' | [[Gemsbok]] | Gemsbok | Gemsbok | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q81965' | [[General Motors]] | General Motors | General Motors | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>business |- class='wd_q213381' | [[generation]] | generation | Generation | | |- class='wd_q976748' | [[Generation III reactor]] | Generation III reactor | Generation III reactor | nuclear reactor generation | nuclear reactor generation |- class='wd_q71' | [[Geneva]] | Geneva | Geneva | municipality o Swisserland<br/>college toun<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>cantonal caipital o Swisserland<br/>city of Switzerland | municipality of Switzerland<br/>college town<br/>big city<br/>cantonal capital of Switzerland<br/>city of Switzerland |- class='wd_q680916' | [[Gentbrugge]] | Gentbrugge | Gentbrugge | municipality section | municipality section |- class='wd_q5683' | [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] | Geoffrey Chaucer | Geoffrey Chaucer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q136736' | [[Geographic Names Information System]] | Geographic Names Information System | Geographic Names Information System | online database<br/>geographical names database | online database<br/>geographical names database |- class='wd_q653421' | [[Geordie]] | Geordie | Geordie | [[Byleid|dialect]] | dialect |- class='wd_q9235' | [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5535907' | [[George (dug)|George]] | George | George (dug) | [[dug]] | dog |- class='wd_q3078573' | [[George Campbell Hay]] | George Campbell Hay | George Campbell Hay | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5540112' | [[George H. W. Bush bowkin incident]] | George H. W. Bush vomiting incident | George H. W. Bush bowkin incident | vomitin | vomiting |- class='wd_q368519' | [[George MacDonald]] | George MacDonald | George MacDonald | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q434118' | [[George Pell]] | George Pell | George Pell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181677' | [[George R. R. Martin]] | George R. R. Martin | George R. R. Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q269412' | [[George V]] | George V | George V | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q296898' | [[George Washington Carver]] | George Washington Carver | George Washington Carver | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q208112' | [[gerenuk]] | gerenuk | Gerenuk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q56039' | [[German reunification]] | German reunification | German reunification | poleetical union<br/>reunion | political union<br/>reunion |- class='wd_q42884' | [[Germans]] | Germans | Germans | nation<br/>[[population]] | nation<br/>human population |- class='wd_q183' | [[Germany]] | Germany | Germany | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q156844' | [[Getúlio Vargas]] | Getúlio Vargas | Getúlio Vargas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157407' | [[Geum urbanum]] | Geum urbanum | Geum urbanum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q22169' | [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]] | GNU Free Documentation License | GNU Free Documentation License | copyleft license | copyleft license |- class='wd_q45529' | [[ghaist]] | ghost | Ghaist | | |- class='wd_q17134' | [[gharial]] | Gharial | Gharial | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q180415' | [[Ghazni Province]] | Ghazni Province | Ghazni Province | [[Provinces o Afghanistan]] | province of Afghanistan |- class='wd_q1296' | [[Ghent]] | Ghent | Ghent | municipality o Belgium<br/>carfree city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>Belgian municipality wi ceety privileges | municipality of Belgium<br/>carfree city<br/>big city<br/>Belgian municipality with the title of city |- class='wd_q65324805' | [[Gie wey sign]] | Q65324805 | Gie wey sign | | |- class='wd_q21997528' | [[Gilderoy]] | Gilderoy | Gilderoy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43284' | [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]] | Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgo biloba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15083' | [[giraffe]] | northern giraffe | Giraffe | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q50005' | [[Giulio Andreotti]] | Giulio Andreotti | Giulio Andreotti | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192131' | [[Giuseppe Meazza]] | Giuseppe Meazza | Giuseppe Meazza | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2920231' | [[Givat Washington]] | Givat Washington | Givat Washington | college<br/>human settlement | college<br/>human settlement |- class='wd_q156207' | [[Gladiolus]] | Gladiolus | Gladiolus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q372311' | [[Glenn Close]] | Glenn Close | Glenn Close | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2341962' | [[Glossary o rail transport terms]] | glossary of rail transport terms | Glossary o rail transport terms | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q40807' | [[God Save the King]] | God Save the King | God Save the King | [[Naitional anthem]]<br/>musical work/composition | national anthem<br/>musical work/composition |- class='wd_q2875' | [[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]] | Gone with the Wind | Gone with the Wind (film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q288138' | [[Gordy]] | Gordy | Gordy | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q6025' | [[Gorno-Altaysk]] | Gorno-Altaysk | Gorno-Altaysk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q137474876' | [[Gos]] | Eurasian Goshawk | Gos | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25287' | [[Gothenburg]] | Gothenburg | Gothenburg | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety<br/>urban area in Sweden | big city<br/>port city<br/>urban area in Sweden |- class='wd_q7188' | [[govrenment]] | government | Govrenment | type of organization | type of organization |- class='wd_q320632' | [[Gowden taid|gowden toad]] | golden toad | Gowden taid | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q123141' | [[gowdfish]] | goldfish | Gowdfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5377' | [[Gowf]] | golf | Gowf | type o sport<br/>[[habby]]<br/>Olympic sport<br/>sport with racquet/stick/club | type of sport<br/>hobby<br/>Olympic sport<br/>sport with racquet/stick/club |- class='wd_q205648' | [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]] | Granada | Granada, Nicaragua | [[Municipalities o Nicaragua]] | municipality of Nicaragua |- class='wd_q215250' | [[gray tod]] | Gray fox | Gray tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58715' | [[Great Leap Forward]] | Great Leap Forward | Great Leap Forward | campaign | campaign |- class='wd_q1768199' | [[Great Russian Encyclopedia]] | Great Russian Encyclopedia | Great Russian Encyclopedia | [[wabsteid]]<br/>national encyclopedia<br/>multi-volume work | website<br/>national encyclopedia<br/>multi-volume work |- class='wd_q199427' | [[Great white pelican|Great White Pelican]] | Great White Pelican | Great white pelican | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179537' | [[Greek fire]] | Greek fire | Greek fire | weapon type | weapon type |- class='wd_q182062' | [[Greek War o Unthirldom]] | Greek War of Independence | Greek War o Unthirldom | war of national liberation<br/>historical period | war of national liberation<br/>historical period |- class='wd_q207347' | [[green anaconda]] | green anaconda | Green anaconda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q420840' | [[Green bee-eater|Green Bee-eater]] | Asian Green Bee-eater | Green bee-eater | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1544592' | [[Green Goddess]] | Q1544592 | Green Goddess | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q763080' | [[Greenville, Ohio|Greenville]] | Greenville | Greenville, Ohio | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q769' | [[Grenada]] | Grenada | Grenada | [[kintra]]<br/>island country<br/>Commonwealth realm<br/>sovereign state<br/>archipelagic state | country<br/>island country<br/>Commonwealth realm<br/>sovereign state<br/>archipelagic state |- class='wd_q3388' | [[Grossglockner]] | Grossglockner | Grossglockner | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>highest point | mountain<br/>highest point |- class='wd_q219565' | [[Grévy's zebra]] | Grevy's zebra | Grévy's zebra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q422071' | [[Guar gum]] | guar gum | Guar gum | group or class of chemical entities | group or class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q206032' | [[Gucci Mane]] | Q206032 | Gucci Mane | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25230' | [[Guernsey]] | Guernsey | Guernsey | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]]<br/>bailiwick | Crown Dependencies<br/>bailiwick |- class='wd_q56428' | [[Guernésiais]] | Guernésiais | Guernésiais | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q56385' | [[Gulf Arabic]] | Gulf Arabic | Gulf Arabic | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q654010' | [[Gulf o Khambhat]] | Gulf of Khambhat | Gulf o Khambhat | bay | bay |- class='wd_q187274' | [[Gulf o Sidra]] | Gulf of Sidra | Gulf o Sidra | bay<br/>gulf | bay<br/>gulf |- class='wd_q386777' | [[Gulripsh Destrict]] | Gulripsh District | Gulripsh Destrict | district of Abkhazia | district of Abkhazia |- class='wd_q12861' | [[gunpouder]] | gunpowder | Gunpouder | explosive material<br/>mixtur | explosive chemicals<br/>mixture |- class='wd_q844844' | [[Guy Fawkes Nicht]] | Guy Fawkes Night | Guy Fawkes Nicht | [[haliday]] | holiday |- class='wd_q734' | [[Guyana]] | Guyana | Guyana | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q60654' | [[Gypjak]] | Gypjak | Gypjak | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q202406' | [[haddock]] | haddock | Haddock | [[taxon]]<br/>food product | taxon<br/>food product |- class='wd_q609630' | [[Haflinger]] | Haflinger | Haflinger | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q72818' | [[Hai Phong]] | Haiphong City | Hai Phong | [[ceety]]<br/>Municipalities o Vietnam<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>centrally-controlled city of Vietnam<br/>big city |- class='wd_q37707' | [[haiku]] | haiku | Haiku | poetic form<br/>poetry genre | poetic form<br/>poetry genre |- class='wd_q2840' | [[Haingles]] | influenza | Haingles | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q2349386' | [[Hamish Henderson]] | Hamish Henderson | Hamish Henderson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7209' | [[Han dynasty]] | Han dynasty | Han dynasty | historical state<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>historical Chinese state | historical country<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>historical Chinese state |- class='wd_q82199' | [[Hande Yener]] | Hande Yener | Hande Yener | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8222' | [[Hangul]] | Hangul | Hangul | syllabary<br/>phonetic transcription<br/>featural writing system<br/>constructed writing system<br/>alphabetic writing system<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>phonemic transcription | syllabary<br/>phonetic transcription<br/>featural writing system<br/>constructed writing system<br/>alphabetic writing system<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>phonemic transcription |- class='wd_q126631' | [[Hannah Montana]] | Hannah Montana | Hannah Montana | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q155794' | [[Hans Bethe]] | Hans Bethe | Hans Bethe | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42908' | [[Hanseatic League]] | Hanseatic League | Hanseatic League | organization<br/>[[confederation]] | organization<br/>confederation |- class='wd_q130881' | [[Hanukkah]] | Hanukkah | Hanukkah | public holiday<br/>[[haliday]]<br/>annual event | public holiday<br/>holiday<br/>annual event |- class='wd_q82261' | [[Haplorhini|Haplorrhini]] | Q82261 | Haplorhini | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2013262' | [[Harasta]] | Harasta | Harasta | [[ceety]]<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q83270' | [[Haurd rock|Hard rock]] | hard rock | Haurd rock | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q310260' | [[Harold Shipman]] | Harold Shipman | Harold Shipman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3458906' | [[Harrisburg, Oregon|Harrisburg]] | Harrisburg | Harrisburg, Oregon | city of Oregon | city of Oregon |- class='wd_q8337' | [[Harry Potter]] | Q8337 | Harry Potter | canon<br/>heptalogy<br/>novel series<br/>children's book series | canon<br/>heptalogy<br/>novel series<br/>children's book series |- class='wd_q15485284' | [[Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel]] | Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel | Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q214861' | [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport]] | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport | internaitional airport<br/>airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome | international airport<br/>airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome |- class='wd_q13371' | [[Harvard Varsity]] | Harvard University | Harvard Varsity | private varsity<br/>Colonial Colleges<br/>research university<br/>private not-for-profit educational institution | private university<br/>Colonial Colleges<br/>research university<br/>private not-for-profit educational institution |- class='wd_q3128178' | [[Hassan-Taxi]] | Hassan Taxi | Hassan-Taxi | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q8418' | [[haundbaw]] | handball | Haundbaw | [[sport]]<br/>[[gemme]]<br/>type o sport<br/>Olympic sport<br/>baw gemme | sport<br/>game<br/>type of sport<br/>Olympic sport<br/>ball game |- class='wd_q26198' | [[haver craw]] | Carrion Crow | Haver craw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q754475' | [[Havre de Grace, Maryland|Havre de Grace]] | Havre de Grace | Havre de Grace, Maryland | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q16035842' | [[hearin loss]] | hearing loss | Hearin loss | heal problem | health problem |- class='wd_q4511497' | [[Heather Reid]] | Heather Reid | Heather Reid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155901' | [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] | Heckler & Koch MP5 | Heckler & Koch MP5 | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q7064' | [[Hedonism]] | hedonism | Hedonism | [[warld view]] | world view |- class='wd_q349982' | [[Hegang]] | Hegang | Hegang | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q48352' | [[heid o state]] | head of state | Heid o state | public offeecial<br/>type of position | public office<br/>type of position |- class='wd_q164061' | [[Helen o Troy]] | Helen of Troy | Helen o Troy | legendary progenitor<br/>mythological Greek character | legendary progenitor<br/>mythological Greek character |- class='wd_q26949' | [[Helianthus]] | Helianthus | Helianthus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2042538' | [[Hellenic leids]] | Hellenic | Hellenic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q173821' | [[Helmand Province]] | Helmand Province | Helmand Province | [[Provinces o Afghanistan]] | province of Afghanistan |- class='wd_q41688' | [[Hendrik Lorentz]] | Hendrik Lorentz | Hendrik Lorentz | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q82445' | [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q103556' | [[Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor]] | Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor | Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q60094' | [[Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor|Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] | Henry IV | Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q20203290' | [[Henry John Dobson]] | Henry John Dobson | Henry John Dobson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q187765' | [[Henry Miller]] | Henry Miller | Henry Miller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157661' | [[hepatitis A]] | hepatitis A | Hepatitis A | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q6853' | [[hepatitis B]] | hepatitis B | Hepatitis B | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q154869' | [[hepatitis C]] | hepatitis C | Hepatitis C | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q71016' | [[Herbert Kroemer]] | Herbert Kroemer | Herbert Kroemer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q152491' | [[Herzliya]] | Herzliya | Herzliya | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q1588936' | [[Heysham nuclear pouer station]] | Heysham nuclear power stations | Heysham nuclear pouer station | place<br/>group | geographic location<br/>group |- class='wd_q878223' | [[Hieland]] | highland | Hieland | landscape<br/>terrain type | landscape<br/>terrain type |- class='wd_q644305' | [[Hillman Avenger]] | Hillman Avenger | Hillman Avenger | car model | car model |- class='wd_q188754' | [[Himeji Castle]] | Himeji Castle | Himeji Castle | Japanese castle<br/>hirayamajiro | Japanese castle<br/>hirayamajiro |- class='wd_q11051' | [[Hindustani leid|Hindustani]] | Hindustani | Hindustani leid | natural language<br/>modern language<br/>common language | natural language<br/>modern language<br/>common language |- class='wd_q1765322' | [[Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station]] | Hinkley Point A nuclear power station | Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q5767271' | [[Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station]] | Hinkley Point C nuclear power station | Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q11401' | [[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]] | hip-hop | Hip hop muisic | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q213336' | [[Hippopotamidae]] | Hippopotamidae | Hippopotamidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5768716' | [[Hipódromo (Santurce)|Hipódromo]] | Hipódromo | Hipódromo (Santurce) | subbarrio of Puerto Rico | subbarrio of Puerto Rico |- class='wd_q48332' | [[Hiragana]] | hiragana | Hiragana | syllabary<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>natural writing system | syllabary<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>natural writing system |- class='wd_q309' | [[history]] | history | History | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q188660' | [[hoatzin]] | Hoatzin | Hoatzin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q130875' | [[Hohenstaufen]] | House of Hohenstaufen | Hohenstaufen | ryal hoose | royal house |- class='wd_q65324818' | [[Holborn Street railwey Station]] | Holborn Street railway station | Holborn Street railwey Station | former railway station | former railway station |- class='wd_q1624389' | [[Holden Statesman]] | Holden Caprice | Holden Statesman | car model | car model |- class='wd_q10259' | [[Holi]] | Holii | Holi | muisic festival<br/>spring festival | music festival<br/>spring festival |- class='wd_q1138378' | [[Hollywood Hills]] | Hollywood Hills | Hollywood Hills | district or neighborhood of Los Angeles | district or neighborhood of Los Angeles |- class='wd_q2763' | [[Holocaust]] | The Holocaust | Holocaust | racism<br/>genocide<br/>crime against humanity<br/>hate crime<br/>state crime<br/>key event<br/>ethnic violence | racism<br/>genocide<br/>crime against humanity<br/>hate crime<br/>state crime<br/>key event<br/>ethnic violence |- class='wd_q165058' | [[Holodomor]] | Holodomor | Holodomor | genocide<br/>faimin<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>communist crime | genocide<br/>famine<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>communist crime |- class='wd_q12548' | [[Halie Romane Rik|Holy Roman Empire]] | Holy Roman Empire | Halie Romane Rik | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q16984765' | [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982]] | The Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 | Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 | Order in Council<br/>UK Statutory Instrument | Order in Council<br/>UK Statutory Instrument |- class='wd_q9584' | [[Honda]] | Honda | Honda | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer |- class='wd_q726' | [[Horse]] | horse | Horse | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23558' | [[House (TV series)|House]] | House M.D. | House (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q5927904' | [[Huchoun]] | Huchoun | Huchoun | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q981981' | [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] | Hugh MacDiarmid | Hugh MacDiarmid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25405' | [[Huidit craw|Huidit Craw]] | Hooded Crow | Huidit craw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38994' | [[Human Development Index]] | Human Development Index | Human Development Index | index number<br/>wellbeing index | index number<br/>wellbeing index |- class='wd_q16390' | [[Humphrey Bogart]] | Humphrey Bogart | Humphrey Bogart | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q30535' | [[huntin hawk]] | Peregrine Falcon | Huntin hawk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16422' | [[Hurricane Katrina]] | Hurricane Katrina | Hurricane Katrina | hurricane | hurricane |- class='wd_q2409' | [[hydrochloric acid]] | hydrochloric acid | Hydrochloric acid | type of mixture of chemical entities | type of mixture of chemical entities |- class='wd_q42046' | [[Hyena]] | Hyaenidae | Hyena | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q53099' | [[Hyrax]] | Hyracoidea | Hyrax | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q981993' | [[Ian Charleson]] | Ian Charleson | Ian Charleson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q129727' | [[Ibeirien lynx|Iberie lynx]] | Iberian lynx | Ibeirien lynx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179503' | [[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]] | Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs | Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q190910' | [[Ice Age: The Meltdown]] | Ice Age: The Meltdown | Ice Age: The Meltdown | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q1325808' | [[Ice creestals|ice creestal]] | ice crystal | Ice creestals | | |- class='wd_q194515' | [[Ichthyosaur|Ichthyosauria]] | Ichthyosauria | Ichthyosaur | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q248339' | [[Ignition coil]] | ignition coil | Ignition coil | | |- class='wd_q221378' | [[Ile shale]] | oil shale | Ile shale | | |- class='wd_q276093' | [[IMI Galil]] | IWI Galil | IMI Galil | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q132576' | [[Impala]] | impala | Impala | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q668' | [[Indie]] | India | Indie | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q729553' | [[Indien leopard|Indie leopard]] | Indian leopard | Indien leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q103817' | [[indigenous fowks]] | indigenous people | Indigenous fowks | | |- class='wd_q81096' | [[ingineer]] | engineer | Ingineer | [[profession]]<br/>[[academic degree]]<br/>poseetion | profession<br/>academic degree<br/>position |- class='wd_q81900' | [[ink-fish]] | Teuthida | Ink-fish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1735' | [[Innsbruck]] | Innsbruck | Innsbruck | [[ceety]]<br/>statutory city of Austria<br/>municipality o Austrick<br/>district of Austria<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>toun wi toun richts an privileges | city<br/>statutory city of Austria<br/>municipality of Austria<br/>district of Austria<br/>big city<br/>place with town rights and privileges |- class='wd_q1390' | [[Insect]] | insect | Insect | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1869874' | [[insomnia]] | insomnia | Insomnia | type of disease<br/>symptom type | type of disease<br/>symptom type |- class='wd_q78928288' | [[Intellivision Amico]] | Intellivision Amico | Intellivision Amico | product model | product model |- class='wd_q182473' | [[Intercontinental Cup]] | Intercontinental Cup | Intercontinental Cup | international association football clubs cup<br/>defunct association football competition<br/>club world championship | international association football clubs cup<br/>defunct association football competition<br/>club world championship |- class='wd_q3476589' | [[Interrogation scene]] | interrogation scene | Interrogation scene | | |- class='wd_q6060054' | [[Inverclyde Line]] | Inverclyde Line | Inverclyde Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q392110' | [[IONIS Education Group]] | IONIS Education Group | IONIS Education Group | joint-stock company | joint-stock company |- class='wd_q11135' | [[IP address]] | IP address | IP address | | |- class='wd_q114065797' | [[Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests|Iran's 2022 kintrawide protests]] | Mahsa Amini protests | Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests | rebellion<br/>demonstration<br/>[[protest]] | rebellion<br/>demonstration<br/>protest |- class='wd_q7170257' | [[Persie pop muisic|Iranian pop]] | Iranian pop | Persie pop muisic | [[muisic genre]]<br/>musical scene | music genre<br/>musical scene |- class='wd_q4165309' | [[Iraq Inquiry]] | Iraq Inquiry | Iraq Inquiry | public inquiry | public inquiry |- class='wd_q205047' | [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] | Kurdistan Region of Iraq | Iraqi Kurdistan | autonomous region<br/>Kurdish-inhabited area | autonomous region<br/>Kurdish-inhabited area |- class='wd_q273331' | [[Irrawaddy dowphin]] | Irrawaddy dolphin | Irrawaddy dowphin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q83566' | [[Isabel Allende]] | Isabel Allende | Isabel Allende | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45859' | [[Isabella I o Castile|Isabella o Castile]] | Isabella I of Castile | Isabella I o Castile | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q189387' | [[Ischia]] | Ischia | Ischia | volcanic island | volcanic island |- class='wd_q2429253' | [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]] | Islamic State | Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant | caliphate<br/>Islamic state<br/>armed organization<br/>self-proclaimed state<br/>quasi-state | caliphate<br/>Islamic state<br/>armed organization<br/>self-proclaimed state<br/>quasi-state |- class='wd_q28065409' | [[Isle of Dogs (film)|Isle of Dogs]] | Isle of Dogs | Isle of Dogs (film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q25276' | [[isotope]] | isotope | Isotope | second-order class | second-order class |- class='wd_q42180' | [[Israel Kamakawiwoʻole]] | Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1674974' | [[Isuzu Piazza]] | Isuzu Piazza | Isuzu Piazza | car model | car model |- class='wd_q192786' | [[Italian cuisine]] | Italian cuisine | Italian cuisine | national cuisine | national cuisine |- class='wd_q50001' | [[Italians]] | Italians | Italians | [[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]]<br/>[[fowk]] | human population<br/>ethnic group<br/>people |- class='wd_q174971' | [[Itō Hirobumi]] | Itō Hirobumi | Itō Hirobumi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q49113' | [[Ivy League]] | Ivy League | Ivy League | college athletic conference | college athletic conference |- class='wd_q9773' | [[J]] | Q9773 | J | | |- class='wd_q1700920' | [[J. Michael Kosterlitz]] | J. Michael Kosterlitz | J. Michael Kosterlitz | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q167852' | [[Jabir ibn Hayyan]] | Jabir ibn Hayyan | Jabir ibn Hayyan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16568' | [[Jacksonville, Florida]] | Q16568 | Jacksonville, Florida | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q130631' | [[Jacques Derrida]] | Jacques Derrida | Jacques Derrida | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37899' | [[Jagdterrier]] | Jagdterrier | Jagdterrier | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q6122893' | [[Jaguar Land Rover]] | Jaguar Land Rover | Jaguar Land Rover | subsidiary company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | subsidiary company<br/>business |- class='wd_q182304' | [[Jaguarundi]] | Jaguarundi | Jaguarundi | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9232' | [[Jainism]] | Jainism | Jainism | [[releegion]] | religion |- class='wd_q3630' | [[Jakarta]] | Jakarta | Jakarta | [[Provinces o Indonesie]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>Daerah Khusus<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | province of Indonesia<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>Daerah Khusus<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q487640' | [[Jalal-Abad Region|Jalal-Abad Province]] | Jalal-Abad Region | Jalal-Abad Region | [[Regions o Kyrgyzstan]] | region of Kyrgyzstan |- class='wd_q33377' | [[Jalandhar]] | Jalandhar | Jalandhar | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q277579' | [[James Dewar]] | James Dewar | James Dewar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q648516' | [[James Douglas, Laird o Douglas]] | James Douglas, Lord of Douglas | James Douglas, Laird o Douglas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q140393' | [[James Hunt]] | Q140393 | James Hunt | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6882' | [[James Joyce]] | James Joyce | James Joyce | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8962' | [[James Prescott Joule]] | James Prescott Joule | James Prescott Joule | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q184746' | [[Jane Goodall]] | Jane Goodall | Jane Goodall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131324' | [[Janet Jackson]] | Janet Jackson | Janet Jackson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213726' | [[Jankel Adler]] | Jankel Adler | Jankel Adler | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1645980' | [[Jatt]] | Jats | Jatt | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q229507' | [[Jayne Mansfield]] | Jayne Mansfield | Jayne Mansfield | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q246087' | [[Jbeil Destrict]] | Jbeil District | Jbeil Destrict | [[Destricts o Lebanon]] | district of Lebanon |- class='wd_q128543' | [[Jean Chrétien]] | Jean Chrétien | Jean Chrétien | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45682' | [[Jean Sibelius]] | Jean Sibelius | Jean Sibelius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q162708' | [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] | Jean-Bedel Bokassa | Jean-Bédel Bokassa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q28180' | [[Jefferson City]] | Jefferson City | Jefferson City | [[Caipital|caipital ceety]]<br/>coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | capital city<br/>county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q189895' | [[Jennifer Jones (actress)|Jennifer Jones]] | Jennifer Jones | Jennifer Jones (actress) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q291169' | [[Jeremy Corbyn]] | Jeremy Corbyn | Jeremy Corbyn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q658527' | [[Jericho Govrenorate]] | Jericho Governorate | Jericho Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Palestine]] | governorate of the State of Palestine |- class='wd_q187822' | [[Jerome Isaac Friedman]] | Jerome Isaac Friedman | Jerome Isaac Friedman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6184230' | [[Jerry Parr]] | Jerry Parr | Jerry Parr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q785' | [[Jersey]] | Jersey | Jersey | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]] | Crown Dependencies |- class='wd_q454251' | [[Jimmy Johnstone]] | Jimmy Johnstone | Jimmy Johnstone | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q165467' | [[Jimmy Page]] | Jimmy Page | Jimmy Page | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181' | [[Jimmy Wales]] | Jimmy Wales | Jimmy Wales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6204319' | [[Jo Jorgensen]] | Jo Jorgensen | Jo Jorgensen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188793' | [[Joan Capdevila]] | Joan Capdevila | Joan Capdevila | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4922257' | [[Joanne Missingham]] | Joanne Missingham | Joanne Missingham | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10940' | [[jockstrap]] | jockstrap | Jockstrap | [[Cleidin|claes]] | clothing |- class='wd_q449402' | [[Jodie Whittaker]] | Jodie Whittaker | Jodie Whittaker | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6279' | [[Joe Biden]] | Joe Biden | Joe Biden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5879' | [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q324028' | [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]] | John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute | John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q298243' | [[John Hannah]] | John Hannah | John Hannah | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q918672' | [[John Kerr]] | John Kerr | John Kerr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6247276' | [[John Maxwell]] | John Maxwell | John Maxwell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1588306' | [[John Walker (naitural historian)|John Walker]] | John Walker | John Walker (naitural historian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42775' | [[Johnny Cash]] | Johnny Cash | Johnny Cash | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q231318' | [[Johor Bahru]] | Johor Bahru | Johor Bahru | city of Malaysia | city of Malaysia |- class='wd_q855' | [[Joseph Stalin]] | Joseph Stalin | Joseph Stalin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213844' | [[Judith Malina]] | Judith Malina | Judith Malina | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2986022' | [[Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide]] | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide | Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide | armed organization | armed organization |- class='wd_q214028' | [[Julie Revolution]] | July Revolution | Julie Revolution | [[Revolution]] | revolution |- class='wd_q161333' | [[Juncus acutiflorus]] | Juncus acutiflorus | Juncus acutiflorus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q297838' | [[Jusepe de Ribera]] | Jusepe de Ribera | Jusepe de Ribera | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185117' | [[Justin Mairtyr|Justin Martyr]] | Justin Martyr | Justin Mairtyr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q951930' | [[Juviles]] | Juviles | Juviles | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q56430' | [[Jèrriais]] | Jèrriais | Jèrriais | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q181227' | [[Jörmungandr]] | Jörmungandr | Jörmungandr | meethological serpent<br/>Norse meethical animal<br/>eschatological figure | mythological serpent<br/>Norse mythical animal<br/>eschatological figure |- class='wd_q29466' | [[Kaaba]] | Kaaba | Kaaba | sacred place | sacred place |- class='wd_q152659' | [[Kafr Qasim]] | Kafr Qasim | Kafr Qasim | [[ceety]]<br/>city council | city<br/>city council |- class='wd_q179570' | [[Kairouan]] | Kairouan | Kairouan | municipality of Tunisia | municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q179959' | [[kakapo]] | Kakapo | Kakapo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q10853588' | [[Kamala Harris]] | Kamala Harris | Kamala Harris | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q605160' | [[Kamëz]] | Kamëz | Kamëz | [[ceety]]<br/>human settlement<br/>average city | city<br/>human settlement<br/>average city |- class='wd_q5070208' | [[kangaroo]] | kangaroo | Kangaroo | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q181557' | [[Kaohsiung]] | Kaohsiung | Kaohsiung | special municipality | special municipality |- class='wd_q36121' | [[Kapampangan leid]] | Kapampangan | Kapampangan leid | leid | language |- class='wd_q192273' | [[Karelie]] | Karelia | Karelie | historical region<br/>cultural region | historical region<br/>cultural region |- class='wd_q3037' | [[Kathmandu]] | Kathmandu | Kathmandu | [[ceety]]<br/>[[municipality]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>largest city | city<br/>municipality<br/>federal capital<br/>big city<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q134301' | [[Katyn massacre]] | Katyn massacre | Katyn massacre | war crime<br/>[[mass murther]]<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>massacre | war crime<br/>mass murder<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>massacre |- class='wd_q46702' | [[Kavajë]] | Kavajë | Kavajë | [[ceety]]<br/>human settlement<br/>small city | city<br/>human settlement<br/>small city |- class='wd_q20064322' | [[Kavurma]] | kavurma | Kavurma | cold cut | cold cut |- class='wd_q6379727' | [[Kawasaki 454 LTD]] | Kawasaki 454 LTD | Kawasaki 454 LTD | motorcycle model | motorcycle model |- class='wd_q239928' | [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] | Kay Bailey Hutchison | Kay Bailey Hutchison | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181598' | [[Keeng Lear]] | King Lear | Keeng Lear | dramatic work | dramatic work |- class='wd_q31747665' | [[King o Ingland|Keeng o Ingland]] | Q31747665 | King o Ingland | | |- class='wd_q378560' | [[Leest o pechtish kings|Keeng o the Pechts]] | list of kings of the Picts | Leest o pechtish kings | poseetion<br/>Wikimedia information list | position<br/>Wikimedia information list |- class='wd_q182209' | [[keeng penguin]] | King Penguin | Keeng penguin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q564288' | [[Keeng Wu o Qin]] | King Wu of Qin | Keeng Wu o Qin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q470072' | [[Keeng Zhou o Shang]] | King Zhou of Shang | Keeng Zhou o Shang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q79915' | [[keeng's fisher]] | Common Kingfisher | Keeng's fisher | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q547122' | [[Keith O'Brien]] | Keith O'Brien | Keith O'Brien | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q387278' | [[Kellas cat]] | Kellas cat | Kellas cat | hybrid | hybrid |- class='wd_q294436' | [[Kelso]] | Kelso | Kelso | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q868654' | [[Kelso, Washington|Kelso]] | Kelso | Kelso, Washington | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q3194941' | [[Kelso RFC]] | Kelso RFC | Kelso RFC | rugby union team | rugby union team |- class='wd_q298263' | [[Kenneth MacAlpin]] | Kenneth MacAlpin | Kenneth MacAlpin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1740370' | [[Kezia Dugdale]] | Kezia Dugdale | Kezia Dugdale | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42034' | [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1429685' | [[Khagrachari Destrict]] | Khagrachari District | Khagrachari Destrict | district of Bangladesh | district of Bangladesh |- class='wd_q696241' | [[Khanate o Kokand]] | Khanate of Kokand | Khanate o Kokand | khanate<br/>historical state | khanate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q6320' | [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>[[autonomous okrugs o Roushie]] | federal subject of Russia<br/>autonomous district of Russia |- class='wd_q310114' | [[Khartoum North]] | Khartoum North | Khartoum North | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q33614' | [[Khoisan leids]] | Khoisan | Khoisan leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q109092' | [[Kilkenny]] | Kilkenny | Kilkenny | [[ceety]]<br/>[[toun]]<br/>Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland<br/>town council in the Republic of Ireland | city<br/>town<br/>Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland<br/>town council in the Republic of Ireland |- class='wd_q329477' | [[kilometre zero]] | kilometre zero | Kilometre zero | | |- class='wd_q254630' | [[kinkajou]] | kinkajou | Kinkajou | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q107299' | [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]] | Kingdom of Northumbria | Kinrick o Northumbrie | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q45670' | [[Kinrick o Portugal]] | Kingdom of Portugal | Kinrick o Portugal | kingdom<br/>historical state<br/>province of the Spanish Empire<br/>colonial power | kingdom<br/>historical country<br/>province of the Spanish Empire<br/>colonial power |- class='wd_q833607' | [[Kirk's dik-dik]] | Kirk's dik-dik | Kirk's dik-dik | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q208329' | [[Kirkwaa]] | Kirkwall | Kirkwaa | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q83232' | [[Kiruna]] | Kiruna | Kiruna | human settlement<br/>urban area in Sweden | human settlement<br/>urban area in Sweden |- class='wd_q33583' | [[Kirundi]] | Kirundi | Kirundi | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q501543' | [[Kiryat Malakhi]] | Kiryat Malachi | Kiryat Malakhi | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q745751' | [[kit tod]] | kit fox | Kit tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q107061' | [[Kite (geometry)|kite]] | kite | Kite (geometry) | | |- class='wd_q80357904' | [[Klepetan an Malena]] | Klepetan and Malena | Klepetan an Malena | individual animal<br/>dyad<br/>animal duo | individual animal<br/>dyad<br/>animal duo |- class='wd_q36101' | [[koala]] | koala | Koala | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q211042' | [[kodkod]] | kodkod | Kodkod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q378846' | [[koi]] | koi | Koi | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q779745' | [[Koinobori]] | koinobori | Koinobori | banner (flag) | banner (flag) |- class='wd_q4504' | [[Komodo draigon]] | Komodo dragon | Komodo draigon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48472' | [[Konye-Urgench]] | Konye-Urgench | Konye-Urgench | [[ceety]]<br/>archaeological site | city<br/>archaeological site |- class='wd_q1579864' | [[Korowai fowk]] | Korowai people | Korowai fowk | ethnic groups in Indonesia<br/>native Indonesians | ethnic groups in Indonesia<br/>native Indonesians |- class='wd_q659042' | [[Korydallos]] | Korydallos | Korydallos | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q116341' | [[Korçë]] | Korçë | Korçë | [[ceety]]<br/>[[toun]]<br/>human settlement | city<br/>town<br/>human settlement |- class='wd_q28729' | [[Kozhikode]] | Kozhikode | Kozhikode | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q925042' | [[Krampus]] | Krampus | Krampus | figure used in threatening children<br/>Popanz<br/>meethical character<br/>folklore character | figure used in threatening children<br/>Q2104078<br/>mythical character<br/>folklore character |- class='wd_q152220' | [[Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty]] | Kurdistan Workers' Party | Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization |- class='wd_q1768091' | [[Kuressaare Castle]] | Kuressaare Castle | Kuressaare Castle | [[castle]] | castle |- class='wd_q15470' | [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]] | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Catalonia | big city<br/>municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q1038912' | [[La Costa Partido]] | La Costa Partido | La Costa Partido | [[municipality]]<br/>partido of Buenos Aires Province | municipality<br/>partido of Buenos Aires Province |- class='wd_q549267' | [[Laacher See]] | Laacher See | Laacher See | volcanic crater lake | volcanic crater lake |- class='wd_q9630' | [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]] | Labour Party | Labour Pairty (UK) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q36196' | [[Judaeo-Spaingie|Ladino leid]] | Judaeo-Spanish | Judaeo-Spaingie | dialect family | dialect family |- class='wd_q172284' | [[Lady and the Tramp]] | Lady and the Tramp | Lady and the Tramp | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q6470210' | [[Lady Grizel Baillie]] | Grizel Baillie | Lady Grizel Baillie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q162356' | [[Lady Jane Grey]] | Lady Jane Grey | Lady Jane Grey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q53662' | [[Laika]] | Laika | Laika | [[dug]]<br/>Soviet space dog<br/>individual animal | dog<br/>Soviet space dog<br/>individual animal |- class='wd_q12585' | [[Laitin Americae]] | Latin America | Laitin Americae | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region |- class='wd_q15523' | [[Loch Como|Lake Como]] | Lake Como | Loch Como | glacial lake | glacial lake |- class='wd_q462804' | [[Lakewood, Colorado|Lakewood]] | Lakewood | Lakewood, Colorado | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q21742' | [[Lamiales]] | Lamiales | Lamiales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48780586' | [[Larry Dean (comedian)|Larry Dean]] | Larry Dean | Larry Dean (comedian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185' | [[Larry Sanger]] | Q185 | Larry Sanger | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3241535' | [[Latino Moderne]] | Latino moderne | Latino Moderne | [[constructit leid]] | constructed language |- class='wd_q697175' | [[launch vehicle]] | launch vehicle | Launch vehicle | | |- class='wd_q26538' | [[Lauraceae]] | Lauraceae | Lauraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171892' | [[Lavandula]] | Lavandula | Lavandula | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q164321' | [[law o cosines]] | law of cosines | Law o cosines | theorem | theorem |- class='wd_q42497' | [[Lawer Austrick]] | Lower Austria | Lawer Austrick | federal state of Austria<br/>historical region | federal state of Austria<br/>historical region |- class='wd_q294144' | [[Lea Salonga]] | Lea Salonga | Lea Salonga | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9624' | [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]] | Liberal Democrats | Leeberal Democrats (UK) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q6216' | [[leeberalism]] | liberalism | Leeberalism | [[Poleetical philosophy|poleetical filosofie]]<br/>social philosophy<br/>poleetical ideology | political philosophy<br/>social philosophy<br/>political ideology |- class='wd_q1023630' | [[leet o current heids o state an govrenment]] | List of current heads of state and government | Leet o current heids o state an govrenment | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q11750' | [[Leet o kintras]] | list of sovereign states | Leet o kintras | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q260023' | [[Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area|leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi aurie]] | list of countries and dependencies by area | Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area | Wikimedia ranked list | Wikimedia ranked list |- class='wd_q182162' | [[Leet o Swadish monarchs]] | list of Swedish monarchs | Leet o Swadish monarchs | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q2364801' | [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey]] | list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey | Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q789447' | [[Caurie-fistit|left-haundit]] | left-handedness | Caurie-fistit | handedness | handedness |- class='wd_q186462' | [[Lemuridae]] | Lemuridae | Lemuridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1817577' | [[Leng Tch'e]] | Leng Tch'e | Leng Tch'e | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q7243' | [[Leo Tolstoy]] | Leo Tolstoy | Leo Tolstoy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1728820' | [[Leo Varadkar]] | Leo Varadkar | Leo Varadkar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192695' | [[Leon M. Lederman]] | Leon M. Lederman | Leon M. Lederman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42627' | [[leopard cat]] | Prionailurus bengalensis | Leopard cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q93259' | [[Lesser Antilles]] | Lesser Antilles | Lesser Antilles | airchipelago | archipelago |- class='wd_q83193' | [[lettuce]] | Lactuca sativa | Lettuce | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q363778' | [[Lewis an Harris]] | Lewis and Harris | Lewis an Harris | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q38082' | [[Lewis Carroll]] | Lewis Carroll | Lewis Carroll | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19875108' | [[Leyland 4-tonne truck]] | Leyland 4-tonne truck | Leyland 4-tonne truck | truck model<br/>military vehicle model | truck model<br/>military vehicle model |- class='wd_q31746' | [[Lezgian leid]] | Lezgian | Lezgian leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q1129737' | [[Lezgins]] | Lezgins | Lezgins | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q4612907' | [[LGBT richts muivement]] | LGBTQ movements | LGBT richts muivement | social movement | social movement |- class='wd_q202435' | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]] | lieutenancy area of Scotland | Lieutenancy areas o Scotland | | |- class='wd_q747404' | [[Limescale]] | limescale | Limescale | | |- class='wd_q165838' | [[limnologie]] | limnology | Limnologie | special field<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline | field of study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q80839' | [[lingua franca]] | lingua franca | Lingua franca | type of language | type of language |- class='wd_q8162' | [[lingueestics]] | linguistics | Lingueestics | special field<br/>field o study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline | field of study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q157896' | [[Linum catharticum]] | Linum catharticum | Linum catharticum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q388' | [[Linux]] | Q388 | Linux | [[saftware]] | software |- class='wd_q140' | [[lion]] | lion | Lion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q287975' | [[Liopleurodon]] | Liopleurodon | Liopleurodon | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q3490' | [[Lipetsk]] | Lipetsk | Lipetsk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q11367' | [[lipid]] | lipid | Lipid | imprecise class of chemical entities | imprecise class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q18858' | [[Little whaup]] | Eurasian Whimbrel | Little whaup | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8172269' | [[Liv and Maddie]] | Liv and Maddie | Liv and Maddie | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q6660222' | [[Liz Lochhead]] | Liz Lochhead | Liz Lochhead | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q203137' | [[Loch Inari]] | Lake Inari | Loch Inari | [[loch]]<br/>reservoir<br/>lake or pond | lake<br/>reservoir<br/>lake or pond |- class='wd_q7240' | [[Lockheed Martin]] | Lockheed Martin | Lockheed Martin | public company<br/>defense contractor | public company<br/>defense contractor |- class='wd_q207540' | [[Lod]] | Lod | Lod | [[ceety]]<br/>depopulated Palestinian village | city<br/>depopulated Palestinian village |- class='wd_q230493' | [[Long Beach]] | Long Beach | Long Beach | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q23393' | [[Lord's Prayer]] | Lord's Prayer | Lord's Prayer | excerpt<br/>logion<br/>Christian prayer<br/>prayer in the New Testament | excerpt<br/>logion<br/>Christian prayer<br/>prayer in the New Testament |- class='wd_q177854' | [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] | Lorenzo de' Medici | Lorenzo de' Medici | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q65' | [[Los Angeles]] | Los Angeles | Los Angeles | charter ceety | charter city |- class='wd_q152463' | [[Louis the German]] | Louis the German | Louis the German | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43668' | [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] | Louisville | Louisville, Kentucky | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q1358865' | [[Lucenzo]] | Lucenzo | Lucenzo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41805' | [[Lucia de Berk]] | Lucia de Berk | Lucia de Berk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q47916' | [[Lucknow]] | Lucknow | Lucknow | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital<br/>largest city | big city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q9325' | [[Lufthansa]] | Lufthansa | Lufthansa | airline<br/>public company | airline<br/>public company |- class='wd_q134279' | [[Luhansk]] | Luhansk | Luhansk | city or town<br/>city in Ukraine | city or town<br/>city in Ukraine |- class='wd_q26901' | [[Luis Antonio Tagle]] | Luis Antonio Tagle | Luis Antonio Tagle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q191634' | [[Luiz Felipe Scolari]] | Luiz Felipe Scolari | Luiz Felipe Scolari | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1159913' | [[Luna 1]] | Luna 1 | Luna 1 | artificial satellite of the Sun<br/>artificial planet | artificial satellite of the Sun<br/>artificial planet |- class='wd_q84' | [[Lunnon]] | London | Lunnon | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>poleetical diveesion<br/>financial center<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>political territorial entity<br/>financial center<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q187136' | [[Luoyang]] | Luoyang | Luoyang | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>former capital | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city<br/>former capital |- class='wd_q212725' | [[Lupang Hinirang]] | Lupang Hinirang | Lupang Hinirang | [[Naitional anthem]] | national anthem |- class='wd_q937595' | [[Lusitano]] | Lusitano | Lusitano | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q164193' | [[Lviv Oblast]] | Lviv Oblast | Lviv Oblast | oblast o Ukraine | oblast of Ukraine |- class='wd_q132687' | [[Lycalopex]] | South American foxes | Lycalopex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q173651' | [[African wild dug|Lycaon pictus]] | African wild dog | African wild dug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13182' | [[lychee]] | Litchi chinensis | Lychee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201989' | [[Lyme disease]] | Lyme disease | Lyme disease | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q677014' | [[Lynx]] | Lynx | Lynx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q131680' | [[Lystrosaurus]] | Lystrosaurus | Lystrosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q484675' | [[Léon: The Professional]] | Léon: The Professional | Léon: The Professional | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q3920' | [[Lüneburg]] | Lüneburg | Lüneburg | destrict caipital<br/>major regional center<br/>Hanseatic ceety<br/>college toun<br/>large independent city of Lower Saxony<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony | district capital<br/>major regional center<br/>Hanseatic city<br/>college town<br/>large independent city of Lower Saxony<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony |- class='wd_q878309' | [[Lý dynasty]] | Ly dynasty | Lý dynasty | dynasty<br/>historical state | dynasty<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q246154' | [[M (James Bond)|M]] | M | M (James Bond) | feectional human<br/>film character | fictional human<br/>film character |- class='wd_q170318' | [[M16 rifle|M16]] | M16 | M16 rifle | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q310041' | [[Macadamia]] | Macadamia | Macadamia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q405487' | [[Macanese fowk]] | Macanese | Macanese fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q360317' | [[Mackem]] | Mackem | Mackem | nickname | nickname |- class='wd_q23193' | [[Macropodidae]] | Macropodidae | Macropodidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174322' | [[Macropus]] | Macropus | Macropus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q188965' | [[Madame de Pompadour]] | Madame de Pompadour | Madame de Pompadour | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3276756' | [[Magenta]] | magenta | Magenta | [[colour]]<br/>primary colour | color<br/>primary color |- class='wd_q16727932' | [[Maggie Chapman]] | Maggie Chapman | Maggie Chapman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q172653' | [[Maggie Smith]] | Q172653 | Maggie Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12519' | [[Magna Carta]] | Magna Carta | Magna Carta | charter | charter |- class='wd_q1307177' | [[Magneto]] | magneto | Magneto | | |- class='wd_q120228' | [[Magnoliaceae]] | Magnoliaceae | Magnoliaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1137750' | [[Magnox]] | Magnox | Magnox | Generation I reactor | Generation I reactor |- class='wd_q106807' | [[Magnus Carlsen]] | Magnus Carlsen | Magnus Carlsen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q522317' | [[Magnus Erlendsson, Yerl o Orkney]] | Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney | Magnus Erlendsson, Yerl o Orkney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3277252' | [[Magnus II, Yerl o Orkney]] | Magnus II, Earl of Orkney | Magnus II, Yerl o Orkney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1191' | [[Maharashtra]] | Maharashtra | Maharashtra | state of India | state of India |- class='wd_q26055' | [[Mairtin (bird)|mairtin]] | Common House Martin | Mairtin (bird) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192710' | [[Malayan tapir]] | Malayan tapir | Malayan tapir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q833' | [[Malaysie]] | Malaysia | Malaysie | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental | country<br/>sovereign state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental |- class='wd_q15944677' | [[Malaysie–Turkey relations]] | Malaysia–Turkey relations | Malaysie–Turkey relations | bilateral relation | bilateral relation |- class='wd_q156551' | [[Malvaceae]] | Q156551 | Malvaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9347' | [[Malé]] | Malé | Malé | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q131038' | [[Mamenchisaurus]] | Mamenchisaurus | Mamenchisaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q132676' | [[Mamoudzou]] | Mamoudzou | Mamoudzou | commune o Fraunce | commune of France |- class='wd_q170070' | [[Manaslu]] | Manaslu | Manaslu | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q502269' | [[Manassas Park, Virginie|Manassas Park]] | Manassas Park | Manassas Park, Virginie | independent ceety<br/>independent city in Virginia | independent city in the United States<br/>independent city in Virginia |- class='wd_q40236' | [[Manaus]] | Manaus | Manaus | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Brazil | big city<br/>municipality of Brazil |- class='wd_q145665' | [[Manchu fowk]] | Manchu | Manchu fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q125337' | [[Mandarin oranger]] | Citrus reticulata | Mandarin oranger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q223587' | [[Mansoura]] | Mansoura | Mansoura | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1208529' | [[manual transmission]] | manual transmission | Manual transmission | | |- class='wd_q5816' | [[Mao Zedong]] | Mao Zedong | Mao Zedong | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q167651' | [[Maoism]] | Maoism | Maoism | poleetical ideology | political ideology |- class='wd_q42292' | [[maple]] | Q42292 | Maple | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3289612' | [[Marcelline Akinocho]] | Marcelline Akinocho | Marcelline Akinocho | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22951255' | [[Marcus Rashford]] | Marcus Rashford | Marcus Rashford | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q202342' | [[Margaret Court]] | Margaret Court | Margaret Court | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2415217' | [[Margaret Oliphant]] | Margaret Oliphant | Margaret Oliphant | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7416' | [[Margaret Thatcher]] | Margaret Thatcher | Margaret Thatcher | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192421' | [[margay]] | margay | Margay | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11666' | [[Maria Sharapova]] | Maria Sharapova | Maria Sharapova | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131706' | [[Maria Theresa]] | Maria Theresa of Austria | Maria Theresa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q107041' | [[Marianne Beuchert]] | Marianne Beuchert | Marianne Beuchert | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q467538' | [[Marisol Valles Garcia]] | Marisol Valles Garcia | Marisol Valles Garcia | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22694' | [[marjoram]] | marjoram | Marjoram | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6766286' | [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin]] | Marjorie Housepian Dobkin | Marjorie Housepian Dobkin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q187927' | [[Markhor]] | Markhor | Markhor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25336' | [[marsupial]] | marsupial | Marsupial | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57689' | [[Martin McGuinness]] | Martin McGuinness | Martin McGuinness | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11820' | [[Martin Van Buren]] | Martin Van Buren | Martin Van Buren | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q642878' | [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] | Marvel Cinematic Universe | Marvel Cinematic Universe | media franchise<br/>shared universe<br/>film franchise | media franchise<br/>shared universe<br/>film franchise |- class='wd_q3296149' | [[Mary Brunton]] | Mary Brunton | Mary Brunton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174662' | [[Mary McAleese]] | Mary McAleese | Mary McAleese | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41342' | [[Mary Tyler Moore]] | Mary Tyler Moore | Mary Tyler Moore | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11423' | [[mass]] | mass | Mass | ISQ base quantity<br/>kind of quantity | ISQ base quantity<br/>kind of quantity |- class='wd_q5676' | [[Matsuo Bashō|Matsuo Basho]] | Matsuo Bashō | Matsuo Bashō | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131230' | [[Mauna Kea]] | Mauna Kea | Mauna Kea | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]] | volcano<br/>mountain |- class='wd_q159762' | [[Mauna Loa]] | Mauna Loa | Mauna Loa | shield volcano<br/>volcanic landform | shield volcano<br/>volcanic landform |- class='wd_q49747' | [[Maurice Maeterlinck]] | Maurice Maeterlinck | Maurice Maeterlinck | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q111' | [[Maurs]] | Mars | Maurs | superior planet<br/>inner planet of the Solar System | superior planet<br/>inner planet of the Solar System |- class='wd_q9021' | [[Max Planck]] | Max Planck | Max Planck | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q44319' | [[Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie]] | Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria | Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q150726' | [[Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor]] | Maximilian I | Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25814075' | [[First May meenistry|May meenistry]] | First May ministry | First May meenistry | Cabinet of the United Kingdom | Cabinet of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q1484' | [[Mayon Volcano]] | Mayon Volcano | Mayon Volcano | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]]<br/>summit | mountain<br/>stratovolcano<br/>summit |- class='wd_q308864' | [[Mazandaran Province]] | Mazandaran Province | Mazandaran Province | [[Provinces o Iran]] | province of Iran |- class='wd_q3235204' | [[Mazda Lantis]] | Mazda Lantis | Mazda Lantis | car model | car model |- class='wd_q5253543' | [[Mazda Navajo]] | Mazda Navajo | Mazda Navajo | car model | car model |- class='wd_q482988' | [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]] | Poland Is Not Yet Lost | Mazurek Dąbrowskiego | [[Naitional anthem]]<br/>musical work/composition | national anthem<br/>musical work/composition |- class='wd_q201815' | [[McDonnell Douglas]] | McDonnell Douglas | McDonnell Douglas | aerospace manufacturer<br/>defense contractor<br/>umwhile entity | aerospace manufacturer<br/>defense contractor<br/>former entity |- class='wd_q151432' | [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] | McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q62161' | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] | McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q51697' | [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] | McKinney | McKinney, Texas | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q69488' | [[MDMA]] | MDMA | MDMA | pharmaceutical product<br/>group of stereoisomers | pharmaceutical product<br/>group of stereoisomers |- class='wd_q42229' | [[Mel Gibson]] | Mel Gibson | Mel Gibson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q432473' | [[Melania Trump]] | Melania Trump | Melania Trump | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q33349' | [[Melitopol]] | Melitopol | Melitopol | city of regional significance of Ukraine | city of regional significance of Ukraine |- class='wd_q253918' | [[Melodic daith metal]] | melodic death metal | Melodic daith metal | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q47859' | [[Mentha]] | Q47859 | Mentha | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156153' | [[Menyanthes|Menyanthes trifoliata]] | Menyanthes trifoliata | Menyanthes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178197' | [[Mercenar|Mercenary]] | mercenary | Mercenar | [[profession]] | profession |- class='wd_q1747363' | [[Meriden, Wast Midlands|Meriden]] | Meriden | Meriden, Wast Midlands | [[veelage]]<br/>[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]] | village<br/>civil parish |- class='wd_q81102410' | [[Messier 81]] | Messier 81 | Messier 81 | active galactic nucleus<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>astrophysical X-ray source<br/>infrared source<br/>Seyfert 2 galaxy | active galactic nucleus<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>astrophysical X-ray source<br/>infrared source<br/>Seyfert 2 galaxy |- class='wd_q14026' | [[Messier 82]] | Messier 82 | Messier 82 | irregular galaxy<br/>interacting galaxy<br/>starburst galaxy<br/>edge-on galaxy<br/>luminous infrared galaxy<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>interacting galaxies | irregular galaxy<br/>interacting galaxy<br/>starburst galaxy<br/>edge-on galaxy<br/>luminous infrared galaxy<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>interacting galaxies |- class='wd_q380' | [[Meta Platforms]] | Meta Platforms | Meta Platforms | public company<br/>online service provider<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>technology company | public company<br/>online service provider<br/>business<br/>technology company |- class='wd_q283789' | [[Metal rectifier]] | metal rectifier | Metal rectifier | | |- class='wd_q15920' | [[Metallica]] | Metallica | Metallica | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q14982' | [[methanol]] | methanol | Methanol | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q179200' | [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | film production company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | film production company<br/>business |- class='wd_q16665897' | [[Metropolis o Lyon]] | Metropolis of Lyon | Metropolis o Lyon | [[metropolis]]<br/>territorial collectivity of France with special status | metropolis<br/>territorial collectivity of France with special status |- class='wd_q174273' | [[meyflee]] | Ephemeroptera | Meyflee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13357' | [[Meänkieli leid]] | Meänkieli | Meänkieli leid | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>leid<br/>minority language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>language<br/>minority language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q128933' | [[Michaëlle Jean]] | Michaëlle Jean | Michaëlle Jean | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10731' | [[Mick Foley]] | Mick Foley | Mick Foley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6838600' | [[Mickey Cobras]] | Mickey Cobras | Mickey Cobras | gang | gang |- class='wd_q188443' | [[Micronaition|Micronation]] | micronation | Micronaition | former or current state | former or current state |- class='wd_q46384' | [[microphone]] | microphone | Microphone | | |- class='wd_q7204' | [[Middle East]] | Middle East | Middle East | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region |- class='wd_q18661' | [[Middlesbrough F.C.]] | Middlesbrough F.C. | Middlesbrough F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q54238' | [[Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut|Middlesex Coonty]] | Middlesex County | Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut | county of Connecticut | county of Connecticut |- class='wd_q355382' | [[Midge Ure]] | Midge Ure | Midge Ure | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q24313' | [[Mike Pence]] | Mike Pence | Mike Pence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185572' | [[Mikel Arteta]] | Mikel Arteta | Mikel Arteta | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q30487' | [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] | Mikhail Gorbachev | Mikhail Gorbachev | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37836' | [[Milwaukee]] | Milwaukee | Milwaukee | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-class city | county seat<br/>big city<br/>first-class city |- class='wd_q49740' | [[Minecraft]] | Q49740 | Minecraft | [[video gemme]]<br/>esports discipline | video game<br/>esports discipline |- class='wd_q3352' | [[Miranda (muin)|Miranda]] | Miranda | Miranda (muin) | moon of Uranus<br/>regular moon | moon of Uranus<br/>regular moon |- class='wd_q5104' | [[Miranda Cosgrove]] | Miranda Cosgrove | Miranda Cosgrove | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3818116' | [[Misao Okawa]] | Misao Okawa | Misao Okawa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q178665' | [[Mitanni]] | Mitanni | Mitanni | kingdom<br/>historical state | kingdom<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q185126' | [[Mithridates VI o Pontus]] | Mithridates VI of Pontus | Mithridates VI o Pontus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q183275' | [[Mitsubishi]] | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi | corporate group<br/>conglomerate<br/>umbrella brand<br/>privately held company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | corporate group<br/>conglomerate<br/>umbrella brand<br/>privately held company<br/>business |- class='wd_q1939855' | [[Mitsubishi Freeca]] | Mitsubishi Freeca | Mitsubishi Freeca | car model | car model |- class='wd_q12244224' | [[Moez Kamoun]] | Moez Kamoun | Moez Kamoun | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6892571' | [[Mohammad bin Salman]] | Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud | Mohammad bin Salman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q310592' | [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]] | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11369' | [[molecule]] | molecule | Molecule | group or class of chemical entities | group or class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q3074303' | [[Momoko Kōchi]] | Momoko Kōchi | Momoko Kōchi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q116' | [[monarch]] | monarch | Monarch | ryal or noble rank<br/>poseetion | noble title<br/>position |- class='wd_q158049' | [[Moneses]] | Moneses uniflora | Moneses | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q33750' | [[Mongolic leids]] | Mongolic | Mongolic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q9246' | [[Mongolien leid|Mongolie leid]] | Mongolian | Mongolien leid | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q78961' | [[Monocotyledon|monocots]] | Q78961 | Monocotyledon | clade | clade |- class='wd_q6901674' | [[Monolit]] | Monolit | Monolit | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q179678' | [[monosodium glutamate]] | monosodium L-glutamate | Monosodium glutamate | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q21790' | [[Monotreme]] | monotreme | Monotreme | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q72303' | [[Moont Ararat]] | Mount Ararat | Moont Ararat | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]] | volcano<br/>mountain<br/>stratovolcano |- class='wd_q215471' | [[Moont Hermon]] | Mount Hermon | Moont Hermon | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>highest point<br/>biblical place | mountain<br/>highest point<br/>biblical place |- class='wd_q172070' | [[Moont Kenyae]] | Mount Kenya | Moont Kenyae | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q60967' | [[Moont Kinabalu]] | Mount Kinabalu | Moont Kinabalu | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>WWF ecoregion | mountain<br/>WWF ecoregion |- class='wd_q120306' | [[Moont Logan]] | Mount Logan | Moont Logan | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q4777' | [[Moont Roraima]] | Mount Roraima | Moont Roraima | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>tepui | mountain<br/>tepui |- class='wd_q18391151' | [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]] | Moorside Nuclear Project | Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station | [[pouer station]] | power station |- class='wd_q1020416' | [[Morazán, El Progreso|Morazán]] | Morazán | Morazán, El Progreso | municipality of Guatemala | municipality of Guatemala |- class='wd_q3901' | [[Moroni, Comoros]] | Moroni | Moroni, Comoros | [[ceety]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>human settlement<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>federal capital<br/>human settlement<br/>big city |- class='wd_q312131' | [[Mosasaurus]] | Mosasaurus | Mosasaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q20511863' | [[Moses Housepian]] | Moses Housepian | Moses Housepian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q175117' | [[Moskva River]] | Moskva River | Moskva River | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q188982' | [[Mount Erebus]] | Mount Erebus | Mount Erebus | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]] | volcano<br/>mountain |- class='wd_q405' | [[Muin]] | Moon | Muin | regular moon<br/>planetary-mass moon<br/>planetary moon | regular moon<br/>planetary-mass moon<br/>planetary moon |- class='wd_q1438673' | [[Mulguy]] | Milngavie | Mulguy | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q111444' | [[Mull]] | Isle of Mull | Mull | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q612229' | [[Municipalities o Estonie]] | municipality of Estonia | Municipalities o Estonie | | |- class='wd_q3500564' | [[Municipalities o Nuevo León]] | Municipalities of Nuevo León | Municipalities o Nuevo León | Dayana | Dayana |- class='wd_q819825' | [[muntain bluebird]] | Sialia currucoides | Muntain bluebird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q233956' | [[Muriel Spark]] | Muriel Spark | Muriel Spark | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q209341' | [[Musala]] | Musala | Musala | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>two-thousander<br/>ultra-prominent peak<br/>highest point<br/>main peak | mountain<br/>two-thousander<br/>ultra-prominent peak<br/>highest point<br/>main peak |- class='wd_q211848' | [[mustang]] | mustang | Mustang | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q5415' | [[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]] | My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic | My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q210975' | [[Mycoplasma]] | Mycoplasma | Mycoplasma | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q41572' | [[Mykolaiv]] | Mykolaiv | Mykolaiv | city in Ukraine | city in Ukraine |- class='wd_q843892' | [[Myricaceae]] | Myricaceae | Myricaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q839805' | [[Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina|Myrtle Beach]] | Myrtle Beach | Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q849822' | [[Mägo de Oz]] | Mägo de Oz | Mägo de Oz | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q3334874' | [[Nadia Kounda]] | Nadia Kounda | Nadia Kounda | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q932791' | [[Nae true Scotsman]] | no true Scotsman | Nae true Scotsman | | |- class='wd_q168193' | [[Najaf]] | Najaf | Najaf | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q517' | [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] | Napoleon | Napoleon | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9174561' | [[Nardus]] | Nardus | Nardus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q217096' | [[Naruhito]] | Naruhito | Naruhito | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q159426' | [[narwhal]] | narwhal | Narwhal | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23197' | [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] | Nashville | Nashville, Tennessee | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q26334' | [[National Rail]] | National Rail | National Rail | transport network<br/>brand name | transport network<br/>brand name |- class='wd_q7184' | [[NATO]] | NATO | NATO | intergovrenmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>military alliance<br/>multinational military coalition | intergovernmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>military alliance<br/>multinational military coalition |- class='wd_q4508' | [[Navy]] | navy | Navy | militar branch | military branch |- class='wd_q37400' | [[Naypyidaw]] | Naypyidaw | Naypyidaw | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>planned national capital<br/>town in Myanmar | city<br/>big city<br/>planned national capital<br/>town in Myanmar |- class='wd_q4796' | [[Naypyidaw Union Territory]] | Naypyidaw Union Territory | Naypyidaw Union Territory | union territory of Myanmar | union territory of Myanmar |- class='wd_q683695' | [[Nazareth (baund)|Nazareth]] | Nazareth | Nazareth (baund) | rock baund | rock band |- class='wd_q75818970' | [[Neale Hanvey]] | Neale Hanvey | Neale Hanvey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181843' | [[necrophilia]] | necrophilia | Necrophilia | psychosexual disorder | psychosexual disorder |- class='wd_q6988888' | [[Neil M. Gunn]] | Neil M. Gunn | Neil M. Gunn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16528' | [[Nelumbo nucifera]] | Nelumbo nucifera | Nelumbo nucifera | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5185' | [[nematode]] | Q5185 | Nematode | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5186' | [[Nematomorpha]] | Nematomorpha | Nematomorpha | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185631' | [[Nemertea]] | Nemertea | Nemertea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185747' | [[Nemesis (meethologie)|Nemesis]] | Nemesis | Nemesis (meethologie) | [[Oceanid|Okeanid]]<br/>Greek deity | Oceanids<br/>Greek deity |- class='wd_q153996' | [[Nena]] | Nena | Nena | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q217530' | [[Nepenthes]] | Nepenthes | Nepenthes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7408434' | [[Nevada City, Nevada|Nevada City]] | Nevada City | Nevada City, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q207794' | [[Nevis]] | Nevis | Nevis | [[island]]<br/>constituent state<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion | island<br/>federated state<br/>first-level administrative division |- class='wd_q34404' | [[New Orleans]] | New Orleans | New Orleans | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q131364' | [[New York Knicks]] | New York Knicks | New York Knicks | basketball team | basketball team |- class='wd_q142794' | [[Neymar]] | Neymar | Neymar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q154958' | [[Nickelodeon]] | Nickelodeon | Nickelodeon | specialty channel<br/>televeesion station<br/>cable channel | specialty channel<br/>television station<br/>cable channel |- class='wd_q30302391' | [[Nicolas van Beveren]] | Nicolas van Beveren | Nicolas van Beveren | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80968' | [[nihilism]] | nihilism | Nihilism | doctrine | doctrine |- class='wd_q813935' | [[Nihon Shoki]] | Nihon Shoki | Nihon Shoki | historical non-fiction work | historical non-fiction work |- class='wd_q152218' | [[Nine Years' War]] | Nine Years' War | Nine Years' War | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q50825725' | [[Ninja (streamer)|Ninja]] | Ninja | Ninja (streamer) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19610114' | [[Nintendo Switch]] | Q19610114 | Nintendo Switch | product model | product model |- class='wd_q83320' | [[nitric acid]] | nitric acid | Nitric acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q162867' | [[nitroglycerin]] | nitroglycerin | Nitroglycerin | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q35637' | [[Nobel Peace Prize]] | Nobel Peace Prize | Nobel Peace Prize | peace award | peace award |- class='wd_q7047857' | [[Nokhur]] | Nohur | Nokhur | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q34708' | [[Norfolk (disambiguation)|Norfolk]] | Norfolk | Norfolk (disambiguation) | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q40347' | [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]] | Norman | Norman, Oklahoma | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1999640' | [[Norman Lloyd]] | Norman Lloyd | Norman Lloyd | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q160318' | [[Norodom Sihanouk]] | Norodom Sihanouk | Norodom Sihanouk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188779' | [[Norse fowk]] | Norwegians | Norse fowk | nation<br/>[[population]] | nation<br/>human population |- class='wd_q23086' | [[North Yorkshire]] | North Yorkshire | North Yorkshire | ceremonial county of England | ceremonial county of England |- class='wd_q190978' | [[Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team|Northren Ireland naitional fitbaa team]] | Northern Ireland men's national association football team | Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q23079' | [[Northumberland]] | Northumberland | Northumberland | ceremonial county of England<br/>non-metropolitan county<br/>unitary authority area | ceremonial county of England<br/>non-metropolitan county<br/>unitary authority area |- class='wd_q1552306' | [[Eastren esk|Notophthalmus viridescens]] | Notophthalmus viridescens | Eastren esk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6458' | [[Nova]] | nova | Nova | astronomical phenomenon<br/>astronomical object type | astronomical phenomenon<br/>astronomical object type |- class='wd_q11429' | [[nuclear fission]] | nuclear fission | Nuclear fission | nuclear reaction | nuclear reaction |- class='wd_q134447' | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant | Nuclear pouer station | | |- class='wd_q19921' | [[nuclear winter]] | nuclear winter | Nuclear winter | scientific hypothesis | scientific hypothesis |- class='wd_q489898' | [[Nukus]] | Nukus | Nukus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q242419' | [[numbat]] | numbat | Numbat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2004891' | [[numerical linear algebra]] | numerical linear algebra | Numerical linear algebra | aurie o mathematics | branch of mathematics |- class='wd_q541182' | [[numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]] | numerical method for ordinary differential equations | Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations | | |- class='wd_q147030' | [[Nymphaea alba]] | Nymphaea alba | Nymphaea alba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q375095' | [[Obligado]] | Obligado | Obligado | municipality of Paraguay | municipality of Paraguay |- class='wd_q131012' | [[Occam's razor]] | Occam's razor | Occam's razor | aphorism<br/>philosophical razor<br/>heuristic argument<br/>epigrammatic law | aphorism<br/>philosophical razor<br/>heuristic argument<br/>epigrammatic law |- class='wd_q182090' | [[oceanic climate]] | oceanic climate | Oceanic climate | category in the Köppen climate classification systems | category in the Köppen climate classification systems |- class='wd_q33261' | [[ocelot]] | ocelot | Ocelot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25331' | [[Odense]] | Odense | Odense | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | big city |- class='wd_q35160' | [[Odyssey]] | Odyssey | Odyssey | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q82037' | [[okapi]] | Okapia johnstoni | Okapi | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q34863' | [[Oklahoma City]] | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma City | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1271501' | [[Old Blind Dogs]] | Old Blind Dogs | Old Blind Dogs | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q183529' | [[Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex]] | Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex | Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex | Multi-purpose stadium | Multi-purpose stadium |- class='wd_q51053' | [[Olivar]] | Olivar | Olivar | commune o Chile | commune of Chile |- class='wd_q208561' | [[olive baboon]] | olive baboon | Olive baboon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q282385' | [[Olive ridley sea turtle]] | Lepidochelys olivacea | Olive ridley sea turtle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216929' | [[Oliver & Company]] | Oliver & Company | Oliver & Company | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q95068' | [[Olivia de Havilland]] | Olivia de Havilland | Olivia de Havilland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q82765' | [[Olsztyn]] | Olsztyn | Olsztyn | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi powiat richts<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>city with powiat rights in Poland<br/>big city |- class='wd_q19628' | [[Olympiacos F.C.]] | Olympiacos F.C. | Olympiacos F.C. | men's association football team | men's association football team |- class='wd_q2221316' | [[Ommatoiulus sabulosus]] | Ommatoiulus sabulosus | Ommatoiulus sabulosus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5191' | [[Onychophora]] | Onychophora | Onychophora | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4169' | [[Ooter space]] | outer space | Ooter space | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q21834' | [[opossum]] | Didelphidae | Opossum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2028096' | [[Orange]] | Orange | Orange | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1345321' | [[Orange Order]] | Orange Order | Orange Order | fraternal organization<br/>releegious organization | fraternal organization<br/>religious organization |- class='wd_q14420' | [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Order of the British Empire]] | Order of the British Empire | Order o the Breetish Empire | awaird<br/>chivalric order<br/>title o honor | award<br/>order of chivalry<br/>title of honor |- class='wd_q1642345' | [[Orkneyinga saga]] | Orkneyinga saga | Orkneyinga saga | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q33864' | [[Oromo leid]] | Oromo | Oromo leid | leid<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q1327535' | [[orpie]] | Hylotelephium telephium | Orpie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57751738' | [[Coronavirus|Orthocoronavirinae]] | Coronavirus | Coronavirus | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q3333484' | [[Orthodox Christianity]] | Eastern Orthodoxy | Orthodox Christianity | Christian denomination<br/>Christian denominational family | Christian denomination<br/>Christian denominational family |- class='wd_q19497' | [[Oscar (fitbawer, born 1991)|Oscar]] | Oscar | Oscar (fitbawer, born 1991) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46491' | [[Osiris]] | Osiris | Osiris | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>dying-and-rising deity<br/>naitur deity | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>dying-and-rising deity<br/>nature deity |- class='wd_q1930' | [[Ottawa]] | Ottawa | Ottawa | federal caipital<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>single-tier municipality<br/>census subdivision in Canada<br/>census division of Canada | federal capital<br/>big city<br/>single-tier municipality<br/>census subdivision in Canada<br/>census division of Canada |- class='wd_q57065' | [[Otto Hahn]] | Otto Hahn | Otto Hahn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157106' | [[Ottonian dynasty]] | Ottonian dynasty | Ottonian dynasty | dynasty | dynasty |- class='wd_q209338' | [[Oxnard, Californie|Oxnard]] | Oxnard | Oxnard, Californie | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q107635' | [[Paektu Muntain]] | Baekdu Mountain | Paektu Muntain | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]]<br/>territory<br/>sacred mountain | mountain<br/>stratovolcano<br/>territory<br/>sacred mountain |- class='wd_q11010' | [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] | Parliament of the United Kingdom | Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick | parliament<br/>bicameral legislature | parliament<br/>bicameral legislature |- class='wd_q166794' | [[Pallas's cat]] | Pallas's cat | Pallas's cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4126704' | [[Common chimpanzee|Pan troglodytes]] | chimpanzee | Common chimpanzee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q204888' | [[PAOK FC]] | PAOK FC | PAOK FC | men's association football team | men's association football team |- class='wd_q146391' | [[Papaver]] | Papaver | Papaver | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178799' | [[Pape Benedict IX]] | Benedict IX | Pape Benedict IX | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q118081' | [[Pape Celestine V]] | Celestine V | Pape Celestine V | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42887' | [[Pape Clement I]] | Clement | Pape Clement I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170863' | [[Pape Clement VI]] | Clement VI | Pape Clement VI | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q227694' | [[Pape Gregory XII]] | Gregory XII | Pape Gregory XII | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q179702' | [[Pape John XVIII]] | John XVIII | Pape John XVIII | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q104798' | [[Pape Lando]] | Lando | Pape Lando | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43954' | [[Pape Leo I]] | Leo I | Pape Leo I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q132113' | [[Pape Pontian]] | Pontian | Pape Pontian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1317905' | [[Papilio polymnestor]] | Papilio polymnestor | Papilio polymnestor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q274388' | [[Paracel Islands]] | Paracel Islands | Paracel Islands | airchipelago<br/>disputed territory | archipelago<br/>disputed territory |- class='wd_q733' | [[Paraguay]] | Paraguay | Paraguay | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q663181' | [[Pararge aegeria]] | Speckled Wood | Pararge aegeria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205716' | [[Parazoa]] | Q205716 | Parazoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q167646' | [[Paris (meethologie)|Paris]] | Paris | Paris (meethologie) | mythological Greek character | mythological Greek character |- class='wd_q794866' | [[Paris in the 20th Century]] | Paris in the Twentieth Century | Paris in the 20th Century | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q715935' | [[Park (Korean surname)|Park]] | Park | Park (Korean surname) | faimily name | family name |- class='wd_q31431' | [[Paurit|parrot]] | parrot | Paurit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q188614' | [[parsnip]] | Pastinaca sativa | Parsnip | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58680' | [[Pashto leid]] | Pashto | Pashto leid | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q28753' | [[Passer]] | Passer | Passer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q288419' | [[Pau FC]] | Pau Football Club | Pau FC | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q3372291' | [[Paul an Erlend Thorfinnsson]] | Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson | Paul an Erlend Thorfinnsson | brother duo | brother duo |- class='wd_q128529' | [[Paul Martin]] | Paul Martin | Paul Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25237' | [[pease]] | Pisum sativum | Pease | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184624' | [[peat]] | peat | Peat | | |- class='wd_q939' | [[Pedro I o Brazil|Pedro I]] | Pedro I of Brazil | Pedro I o Brazil | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156774' | [[Pedro II o Brazil]] | Pedro II of Brazil | Pedro II o Brazil | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9147' | [[penguin]] | penguin | Penguin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58' | [[Pintle|Penis]] | penis | Pintle | [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]] | organ |- class='wd_q702220' | [[Pennsylvanie Dutch]] | Pennsylvania Dutch | Pennsylvanie Dutch | ethnographic group | ethnographic group |- class='wd_q7163723' | [[Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis]] | Pennsylvania Dutch English | Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis | leid | language |- class='wd_q7165456' | [[People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie)]] | People's Alliance Party | People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q1232528' | [[Percheron]] | Percheron | Percheron | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q127595' | [[Perciformes]] | Perciformes | Perciformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q469706' | [[Percy Montgomery]] | Percy Montgomery | Percy Montgomery | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q172118' | [[Percy Williams Bridgman]] | Percy Williams Bridgman | Percy Williams Bridgman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45967' | [[Persephone]] | Persephone | Persephone | Greek deity | Greek deity |- class='wd_q189762' | [[Peter Carl Fabergé]] | Peter Carl Fabergé | Peter Carl Fabergé | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2074518' | [[Peter Deuflhard]] | Peter Deuflhard | Peter Deuflhard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q825781' | [[Peugeot 405]] | Peugeot 405 | Peugeot 405 | car model | car model |- class='wd_q13423853' | [[PewDiePie]] | PewDiePie | PewDiePie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q104837' | [[Phase (maiter)|phase]] | phase | Phase (maiter) | | |- class='wd_q173227' | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant | Physical constant | | |- class='wd_q130336' | [[phenol]] | phenol | Phenol | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q34417' | [[Philip II o Spain]] | Philip II of Spain | Philip II o Spain | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1817' | [[Philip the Arab]] | Philip the Arab | Philip the Arab | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155004' | [[Philippe o Belgium]] | Philippe of Belgium | Philippe o Belgium | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185213' | [[Philippine eagle]] | Philippine Eagle | Philippine eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q652973' | [[Buford, Wyoming|PhinDeli Town Buford]] | Buford | Buford, Wyoming | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q217679' | [[Phineas and Ferb]] | Phineas and Ferb | Phineas and Ferb | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q26913' | [[Phoca vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina | Phoca vitulina | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q164177' | [[Phoenix Suns]] | Phoenix Suns | Phoenix Suns | basketball team | basketball team |- class='wd_q23513' | [[Phong Nha-Ke Bang]] | Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park | Phong Nha-Ke Bang | national park of Vietnam | national park of Vietnam |- class='wd_q238147' | [[Pico de Orizaba]] | Citlaltepetl | Pico de Orizaba | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q26764' | [[Pieris brassicae]] | Pieris brassicae | Pieris brassicae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1064335' | [[Pig War (1859)|Pig War]] | Pig War | Pig War (1859) | [[war]]<br/>territorial dispute | war<br/>territorial dispute |- class='wd_q2756715' | [[Pimpa]] | Pimpa | Pimpa | comics character<br/>fictional dog | comics character<br/>fictional dog |- class='wd_q404116' | [[Pingdingshan]] | Pingdingshan | Pingdingshan | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q132825' | [[Pinophyta]] | conifer | Pinophyta | [[taxon]]<br/>monotypic taxon | taxon<br/>monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q12024' | [[Pine|Pinus]] | Pinus | Pine | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14371' | [[Pinwheel Galaxy]] | Pinwheel Galaxy | Pinwheel Galaxy | interacting galaxy | interacting galaxy |- class='wd_q156522' | [[Piperaceae]] | Piperaceae | Piperaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25634' | [[pirr-maw]] | Black-headed Gull | Pirr-maw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36071' | [[pistachio]] | Pistacia vera | Pistachio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45227' | [[Piston]] | piston | Piston | | |- class='wd_q1212935' | [[Efterbirth|placenta]] | placenta | Efterbirth | [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q25833' | [[Placentalia]] | Placentalia | Placentalia | clade | clade |- class='wd_q131040' | [[Placozoa]] | Placozoa | Placozoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27098' | [[plaice]] | Pleuronectes platessa | Plaice | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q245305' | [[plains zebra]] | Equus quagga | Plains zebra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q10251' | [[Plasma (pheesics)|plasma]] | plasma | Plasma (pheesics) | fundamental state o the matter<br/>classical state of matter | fundamental state of matter<br/>classical state of matter |- class='wd_q130948' | [[Plasmodium]] | Q130948 | Plasmodium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15343' | [[platypus]] | platypus | Platypus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q63184502' | [[PlayStation 5]] | Q63184502 | PlayStation 5 | product model | product model |- class='wd_q1290516' | [[Plymouth Breeze]] | Plymouth Breeze | Plymouth Breeze | car model | car model |- class='wd_q19520' | [[Podolsk]] | Podolsk | Podolsk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q33609' | [[polar beir]] | Ursus maritimus | Polar beir | [[taxon]]<br/>apex predator | taxon<br/>apex predator |- class='wd_q35535' | [[polis]] | police | Polis | | |- class='wd_q933402' | [[Polis box]] | police box | Polis box | | |- class='wd_q7228412' | [[Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway]] | Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway | Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway | Heritage railwey | heritage railway |- class='wd_q25356' | [[Populus]] | Populus | Populus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q125434' | [[Port Elizabeth]] | Gqeberha | Port Elizabeth | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety | city<br/>big city<br/>port city |- class='wd_q935482' | [[Port Orchard, Washington|Port Orchard]] | Port Orchard | Port Orchard, Washington | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q986325' | [[Port Safaga]] | Safaga | Port Safaga | [[ceety]]<br/>resort town<br/>port ceety | city<br/>resort town<br/>port city |- class='wd_q6106' | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] | Portland | Portland, Oregon | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Oregon | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city of Oregon |- class='wd_q36433' | [[Porto]] | Porto | Porto | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Portugal | big city<br/>municipality of Portugal |- class='wd_q3799' | [[Porto-Novo]] | Porto-Novo | Porto-Novo | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q200464' | [[Portuguese Empire]] | Portuguese Empire | Portuguese Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q21648810' | [[Power Rangers (film)|Pouer Rangers]] | Power Rangers | Power Rangers (film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q11696' | [[Preses o the Unitit States|Preses o the Unitit States o Americae]] | President of the United States | Preses o the Unitit States | elective office | elective office |- class='wd_q377968' | [[Pressurized watter reactor]] | pressurized water reactor | Pressurized watter reactor | | |- class='wd_q951376' | [[Preston, Georgie|Preston]] | Preston | Preston, Georgie | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q319145' | [[Prime Meenister o Australie]] | Prime Minister of Australia | Prime Meenister o Australie | public offeecial | public office |- class='wd_q157115' | [[Primulaceae]] | Primulaceae | Primulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152316' | [[Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex|Prince Harry o Wales]] | Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex | Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26337' | [[Blue shairk|Prionace glauca]] | Prionace glauca | Blue shairk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212405' | [[Procter & Gamble]] | Procter & Gamble | Procter & Gamble | industrial manufacturing<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | industrial manufacturing<br/>public company<br/>business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q484344' | [[Progressive metal]] | progressive metal | Progressive metal | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q273120' | [[protest]] | protest | Protest | form of event | form of event |- class='wd_q7251617' | [[Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707]] | Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707 | Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707 | Act of the Parliament of Scotland | Act of the Parliament of Scotland |- class='wd_q2294' | [[proton]] | proton | Proton | type of quantum particle | type of quantum particle |- class='wd_q5171' | [[Protostome|Protostomia]] | protostome | Protostome | [[taxon]]<br/>clade | taxon<br/>clade |- class='wd_q504628' | [[PIRA (Provos)|Proveesional Irish Republican Airmy]] | Provisional Irish Republican Army | PIRA (Provos) | paramilitary organization<br/>poleetical organisation | paramilitary organization<br/>political organization |- class='wd_q15119' | [[Province o Roum]] | Province of Rome | Province o Roum | former province of Italy | former province of Italy |- class='wd_q5098' | [[Provinces o Indonesie]] | province of Indonesia | Provinces o Indonesie | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country |- class='wd_q841753' | [[Provinces o Iraq]] | governorate of Iraq | Provinces o Iraq | | |- class='wd_q50399' | [[Provinces o Mongolie]] | province of Mongolia | Provinces o Mongolie | | |- class='wd_q191093' | [[Provinces o Sooth Africae]] | province of South Africa | Provinces o Sooth Africae | type o admeenistrative diveesions | administrative territorial entity type |- class='wd_q134390' | [[Provinces o the Netherlands]] | province of the Netherlands | Provinces o the Netherlands | | |- class='wd_q190545' | [[Prunus]] | Prunus | Prunus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q37453' | [[Prunus armeniaca]] | Prunus armeniaca | Prunus armeniaca | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19119' | [[pseudoscorpion]] | pseudoscorpion | Pseudoscorpion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q166843' | [[Psidium guajava]] | Psidium guajava | Psidium guajava | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q366886' | [[psychopathy]] | psychopathy | Psychopathy | personality disorder<br/>personality type<br/>personality trait | personality disorder<br/>personality type<br/>personality trait |- class='wd_q904250' | [[Psychotria]] | Psychotria | Psychotria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q245060' | [[Pteranodon]] | Pteranodon | Pteranodon | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q848656' | [[pudú]] | Pudú | Pudú | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q270748' | [[Puma (genus)|Puma]] | Puma | Puma (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1045888' | [[Puncak Jaya]] | Puncak Jaya | Puncak Jaya | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q1538' | [[Pune]] | Pune | Pune | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q1797' | [[Pupienus]] | Pupienus | Pupienus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q50415393' | [[Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal]] | poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal | Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal | attempted murder<br/>poisoning<br/>international incident | attempted murder<br/>poisoning<br/>international incident |- class='wd_q1627100' | [[Putting Pants on Philip]] | Putting Pants on Philip | Putting Pants on Philip | short film | short film |- class='wd_q18808' | [[Pyongyang]] | Pyongyang | Pyongyang | [[ceety]]<br/>direct-controlled municipality<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>largest city | city<br/>direct-controlled municipality<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q25307' | [[Pyot]] | Eurasian Magpie | Pyot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q244236' | [[Qabala]] | Qabala | Qabala | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q170208' | [[Quaiker|Quaker]] | Quakers | Quaiker | [[releegion]]<br/>worldview<br/>Christian denominational family | religion<br/>worldview<br/>Christian denominational family |- class='wd_q944' | [[quantum mechanics]] | quantum mechanics | Quantum mechanics | physical theory<br/>branch of mechanics | physical theory<br/>branch of mechanics |- class='wd_q2145' | [[Quebec Ceety]] | Quebec City | Quebec Ceety | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town of Quebec<br/>territory outside RCM in Quebec | big city<br/>city or town of Quebec<br/>territory outside RCM in Quebec |- class='wd_q5218' | [[Quechuan leids]] | Quechua | Quechuan leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]<br/>natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language<br/>human language | language family<br/>natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language<br/>human language |- class='wd_q9439' | [[Queen Victoria]] | Victoria | Queen Victoria | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q18723' | [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Pairk Rangers F.C.]] | Queens Park Rangers F.C. | Queens Park Rangers F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q131186' | [[queir]] | choir | Queir | type of musical group | type of musical group |- class='wd_q2900' | [[Quito]] | Quito | Quito | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q742082' | [[R. R. McIan]] | R. R. McIan | R. R. McIan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q121439' | [[raccoon]] | raccoon | Raccoon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q570611' | [[Radegast (god)|Radegast]] | Radogost | Radegast (god) | Slavic deity | Slavic deity |- class='wd_q3332922' | [[radioactive decay]] | radioactive decay | Radioactive decay | | |- class='wd_q10132' | [[Rafael Nadal]] | Rafael Nadal | Rafael Nadal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q388201' | [[Railwey electrification seestem]] | railway electrification system | Railwey electrification seestem | | |- class='wd_q1523' | [[Ramesses II]] | Ramesses II | Ramesses II | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174461' | [[Ranchi]] | Ranchi | Ranchi | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital | big city<br/>state capital |- class='wd_q213356' | [[Ranunculus repens]] | Ranunculus repens | Ranunculus repens | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190444' | [[Rare-earth element]] | rare earth element | Rare-earth element | | |- class='wd_q840849' | [[ratite]] | Struthioniformes | Ratite | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27102' | [[Couter neb|Razorbill]] | Razorbill | Couter neb | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9510' | [[Reality]] | reality | Reality | concept<br/>psychology concept | concept<br/>psychology concept |- class='wd_q174102' | [[refractive index]] | refractive index | Refractive index | | |- class='wd_q9794' | [[reggae]] | reggae | Reggae | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q207350' | [[Rehovot]] | Rehovot | Rehovot | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q79794' | [[reid deer]] | red deer | Reid deer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q53462' | [[reid kangaroo]] | Macropus rufus | Reid kangaroo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q41960' | [[reid panda]] | Red Panda | Reid panda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8332' | [[reid tod]] | red fox | Reid tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q232906' | [[reid-crouned crane]] | Red-crowned Crane | Reid-crouned crane | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26545' | [[reidcoll]] | Armoracia rusticana | Reidcoll | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27631' | [[Remembrance Day]] | Remembrance Day | Remembrance Day | public holiday | public holiday |- class='wd_q28113354' | [[Renewable Heat Incentive scandal]] | Renewable Heat Incentive scandal | Renewable Heat Incentive scandal | political scandal | political scandal |- class='wd_q9191' | [[René Descartes]] | René Descartes | René Descartes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3427179' | [[Renée Simonot]] | Renée Simonot | Renée Simonot | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q971' | [[Republic o the Congo]] | Republic of the Congo | Republic o the Congo | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q181803' | [[Return o the Jedi]] | Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi | Return o the Jedi | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q748139' | [[Reversi]] | Othello | Reversi | solved game<br/>mind sport<br/>game on cell board | solved game<br/>mind sport<br/>game on cell board |- class='wd_q157649' | [[Sumac|Rhus]] | Rhus | Sumac | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q22691' | [[Ribes]] | Ribes | Ribes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q42244' | [[ribosome]] | ribosome | Ribosome | cellular component | cellular component |- class='wd_q44546' | [[Ric Flair]] | Ric Flair | Ric Flair | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q151973' | [[Richard Burton]] | Richard Burton | Richard Burton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7326502' | [[Richard Holland]] | Richard Holland | Richard Holland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q128799' | [[Ricky Martin]] | Q128799 | Ricky Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1771398' | [[Riffa]] | Riffa | Riffa | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q185385' | [[ring-tailed lemur]] | ring-tailed lemur | Ring-tailed lemur | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q224557' | [[Rio]] | Rio | Rio | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q19724' | [[River Mersey]] | River Mersey | River Mersey | main stem | main stem |- class='wd_q2304466' | [[River Sooth Esk]] | River South Esk | River Sooth Esk | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q1249255' | [[Riyadh Region|Riyadh Province]] | Riyadh Province | Riyadh Region | province of Saudi Arabia | province of Saudi Arabia |- class='wd_q7339733' | [[Roamin' in the gloamin]] | Roamin' In The Gloamin' | Roamin' in the gloamin | musical work/composition | musical work/composition |- class='wd_q83338' | [[Robin Williams]] | Robin Williams | Robin Williams | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1631437' | [[Rock-a-Doodle]] | Rock-a-Doodle | Rock-a-Doodle | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q94893' | [[Rockstar North]] | Q94893 | Rockstar North | [[video gemme developer]] | video game developer |- class='wd_q457786' | [[Rodrigo Duterte]] | Rodrigo Duterte | Rodrigo Duterte | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q218' | [[Roumainie|Romanie]] | Romania | Roumainie | [[kintra]]<br/>[[naition state]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>nation state<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q250049' | [[Romanie mafia]] | Romanian mafia | Romanie mafia | | |- class='wd_q9960' | [[Ronald Reagan]] | Ronald Reagan | Ronald Reagan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7365246' | [[Ronald Ross]] | Ronald Ross | Ronald Ross | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1525' | [[roondaboot]] | roundabout | Roondaboot | | |- class='wd_q1754320' | [[Rootes Group]] | Rootes Group | Rootes Group | brand<br/>automobile manufacturer<br/>auto racing team | brand<br/>automobile manufacturer<br/>auto racing team |- class='wd_q46299' | [[Rosaceae]] | Q46299 | Rosaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21895' | [[Rosales]] | Q21895 | Rosales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3442214' | [[Rosalie Lamorlière]] | Rosalie Lamorlière | Rosalie Lamorlière | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7474' | [[Rosalind Franklin]] | Rosalind Franklin | Rosalind Franklin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q208060' | [[Rose-ringed parakeet|Rose-ringed Parakeet]] | Rose-ringed Parakeet | Rose-ringed parakeet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q295212' | [[Rosen Plevneliev]] | Rosen Plevneliev | Rosen Plevneliev | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q338878' | [[rosids]] | Rosids | Rosids | clade | clade |- class='wd_q2624680' | [[Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service]] | Federal State Statistics Service | Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service | statistical service<br/>Federal service (Russian Federation) | statistical service<br/>Federal service (Russian Federation) |- class='wd_q4120572' | [[Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley]] | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q602740' | [[Rubus]] | Rubus | Rubus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5849' | [[Rugby union]] | rugby union | Rugby union | type o sport<br/>team sport | type of sport<br/>team sport |- class='wd_q304290' | [[Rugrats]] | Rugrats | Rugrats | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q151993' | [[Ruhr]] | Ruhr | Ruhr | conurbation<br/>[[Metropolitan area|metropolitan aurie]]<br/>functional urban area | conurbation<br/>metropolitan area<br/>functional urban area |- class='wd_q160173' | [[Ruse, Bulgarie|Ruse]] | Ruse | Ruse, Bulgarie | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality seat<br/>oblast seat<br/>city in Bulgaria | border city<br/>big city<br/>municipality seat<br/>oblast seat<br/>city in Bulgaria |- class='wd_q146030' | [[Rutaceae]] | Rutaceae | Rutaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11116' | [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q232260' | [[Ruth Rendell]] | Ruth Rendell | Ruth Rendell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2727336' | [[Ryal Staundart o Scotland]] | Royal Standard of Scotland | Ryal Staundart o Scotland | royal standard | royal standard |- class='wd_q192682' | [[Ryan Reynolds]] | Ryan Reynolds | Ryan Reynolds | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2746' | [[Ryazan]] | Ryazan | Ryazan | admeenistrative-territorial entity o Roushie<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town | administrative divisions of Russia<br/>big city<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q658065' | [[Rydberg constant]] | Rydberg constant | Rydberg constant | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant |- class='wd_q240051' | [[Ryoko Tani]] | Ryoko Tani | Ryoko Tani | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q29272' | [[Ryugyong Hottle|Ryugyong Hotel]] | Ryugyong Hotel | Ryugyong Hottle | skyscraper<br/>hottle<br/>mixed-use development | skyscraper<br/>hotel<br/>mixed-use development |- class='wd_q6897416' | [[Ryukyu Isles]] | Ryukyu Islands | Ryukyu Isles | island group | island group |- class='wd_q2109400' | [[Rögnvald Kali Kolsson]] | Rögnvald Kali Kolsson | Rögnvald Kali Kolsson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q295994' | [[Rüppell's tod]] | Rüppell's fox | Rüppell's tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76338' | [[Sabine Lisicki]] | Sabine Lisicki | Sabine Lisicki | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q18013' | [[Sacramento, Californie|Sacramento]] | Sacramento | Sacramento, Californie | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>charter ceety | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>charter city |- class='wd_q16049782' | [[Sadaf Taherian]] | Sadaf Taherian | Sadaf Taherian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188336' | [[Safed]] | Safed | Safed | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q147538' | [[Define:Saft drink|saft drink]] | soft drink | Define:Saft drink | type of drink | type of drink |- class='wd_q677952' | [[Saint-Florent]] | Saint-Florent | Saint-Florent | [[veelage]]<br/>commune o Fraunce | village<br/>commune of France |- class='wd_q589980' | [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]] | Saint-Pierre | Saint-Pierre, Martinique | commune o Fraunce | commune of France |- class='wd_q134635' | [[Saitama]] | Saitama | Saitama | [[Ceeties o Japan|ceety o Japan]]<br/>satellite city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city designated by government ordinance<br/>city for international conferences and tourism<br/>educational town<br/>prefectural capital of Japan<br/>de facto national capital | city of Japan<br/>satellite city<br/>big city<br/>city designated by government ordinance<br/>city for international conferences and tourism<br/>educational town<br/>prefectural capital of Japan<br/>de facto national capital |- class='wd_q76833058' | [[Salaam Kivu International Film Festival]] | Salaam Kivu International Film Festival | Salaam Kivu International Film Festival | film festival | film festival |- class='wd_q610524' | [[Salamina, Caldas|Salamina]] | Salamina | Salamina, Caldas | [[Municipalities o Colombie]] | municipality of Colombia |- class='wd_q36050' | [[Willae|Salix]] | Salix | Willae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23337' | [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake Ceety]] | Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q623222' | [[Sam & Cat]] | Sam & Cat | Sam & Cat | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q12150341' | [[Samanid Empire]] | Samanid Empire | Samanid Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q17422' | [[Same-sex mairiage|Same-sex mairage]] | same-sex marriage | Same-sex mairiage | legal relationship | legal relationship |- class='wd_q56463' | [[Sami leids]] | Sámi | Sami leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q16193885' | [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] | Samia Suluhu Hassan | Samia Suluhu Hassan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7410064' | [[Samoé]] | Samoé | Samoé | subprefecture of Guinea | subprefecture of Guinea |- class='wd_q1132747' | [[Samue]] | samue | Samue | | |- class='wd_q50139' | [[San Benedetto dei Marsi]] | San Benedetto dei Marsi | San Benedetto dei Marsi | comune o Italy | comune of Italy |- class='wd_q16553' | [[San Jose, Californie|San Jose]] | San Jose | San Jose, Californie | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>charter ceety | county seat<br/>big city<br/>charter city |- class='wd_q173718' | [[San José]] | San José | San José | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q21010219' | [[San Juan, Nevada|San Juan]] | San Juan | San Juan, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q41211' | [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] | San Juan | San Juan, Puerto Rico | municipality of Puerto Rico<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | municipality of Puerto Rico<br/>big city |- class='wd_q2067282' | [[San Julián de los Prados]] | San Julián de los Prados | San Julián de los Prados | [[kirk]]<br/>basilica<br/>Monument (Spain) | church building<br/>basilica<br/>Monument (Spain) |- class='wd_q78980' | [[San Luis Potosí]] | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | state of Mexico | state of Mexico |- class='wd_q40791' | [[Sandra Bullock]] | Sandra Bullock | Sandra Bullock | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12354937' | [[Santa Inés Yatzeche]] | Santa Inés Yatzeche Municipality | Santa Inés Yatzeche | [[Municipalities o Mexico]] | municipality of Mexico |- class='wd_q59669' | [[Sao Vang Airport]] | Tho Xuan Airport | Sao Vang Airport | airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome | airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome |- class='wd_q26316' | [[Sapindales]] | Q26316 | Sapindales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q158981' | [[Sapotaceae]] | Sapotaceae | Sapotaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q270878' | [[Sarah McLeod]] | Sarah McLeod | Sarah McLeod | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83891' | [[Sasanian Empire]] | Sasanian Empire | Sasanian Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q131532' | [[Sassafras]] | Sassafras | Sassafras | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2107439' | [[Satellite Beach, Florida|Satellite Beach]] | Satellite Beach | Satellite Beach, Florida | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q44269' | [[Saunt Nicholas]] | Saint Nicholas | Saunt Nicholas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11254' | [[saut]] | table salt | Saut | mixtur<br/>ingredient | mixture<br/>ingredient |- class='wd_q1135526' | [[sautie]] | common dab | Sautie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q182599' | [[sautwatter crocodile]] | Crocodylus porosus | Sautwatter crocodile | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7428063' | [[Save Ulster from Sodomy]] | Save Ulster from Sodomy | Save Ulster from Sodomy | political campaign | political campaign |- class='wd_q838665' | [[Saxicola rubicola]] | European Stonechat | Saxicola rubicola | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156146' | [[Saxifraga]] | Saxifraga | Saxifraga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2543932' | [[Saxifragaceae]] | Saxifragaceae | Saxifragaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21855' | [[Saxifragales]] | Saxifragales | Saxifragales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1167098' | [[Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides|Scalpay]] | Scalpay | Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q2300959' | [[Scarsdale]] | Scarsdale | Scarsdale | toun o the Unitit States<br/>village of New York<br/>town of New York<br/>coterminous town-village of New York | town in the United States<br/>village of New York<br/>town of New York<br/>coterminous town-village of New York |- class='wd_q483941' | [[Schindler's List]] | Schindler's List | Schindler's List | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q13430975' | [[Scotch ale]] | Scotch ale | Scotch ale | beer style | beer style |- class='wd_q18356161' | [[ScotRail]] | ScotRail | ScotRail | railway company<br/>brand | railway company<br/>brand |- class='wd_q3915671' | [[Scots Cant]] | Scottish Cant | Scots Cant | mixed language<br/>leid<br/>modern language<br/>thieves' cant | mixed language<br/>language<br/>modern language<br/>thieves' cant |- class='wd_q181634' | [[Scots fowk]] | Scottish people | Scots fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q24083592' | [[Scots Leebertarian Pairty]] | Scottish Libertarian Party | Scots Leebertarian Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q10658' | [[Scots National Pairty]] | Scottish National Party | Scots National Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q683800' | [[Scots Pairlament election, 2003|Scots pairlamentary walin]] | 2003 Scottish Parliament general election | Scots Pairlament election, 2003 | Scottish Parliament election | Scottish Parliament election |- class='wd_q7438105' | [[Scots place names in Canadae]] | Scottish place names in Canada | Scots place names in Canadae | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q39035' | [[Scots Tarrie]] | Scottish Terrier | Scots Tarrie | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q7437788' | [[Scottish Industrial Railway Centre]] | Scottish Industrial Railway Centre | Scottish Industrial Railway Centre | Heritage railwey | heritage railway |- class='wd_q267380' | [[Scottish Oils]] | Anglo-Persian Oil Company | Scottish Oils | company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>oil company | company<br/>business<br/>oil company |- class='wd_q37260' | [[scrievin]] | writing | Scrievin | [[habby]]<br/>skill | hobby<br/>skill |- class='wd_q159115' | [[Scrophularia nodosa]] | Scrophularia nodosa | Scrophularia nodosa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q163865' | [[scruibie]] | scurvy | Scruibie | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q35367' | [[Sea o Marmara]] | Sea of Marmara | Sea o Marmara | inland sea | adjacent sea |- class='wd_q19106' | [[sea speeder]] | Pycnogonida | Sea speeder | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25928' | [[sea-pyot]] | Eurasian Oystercatcher | Sea-pyot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4573' | [[Sean Connery]] | Sean Connery | Sean Connery | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1127591' | [[Seanad Éireann]] | Seanad Éireann | Seanad Éireann | senate<br/>elected legislative house | senate<br/>elected legislative house |- class='wd_q5083' | [[Seattle]] | Seattle | Seattle | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1098925' | [[Section 28]] | Section 28 | Section 28 | clause<br/>section | clause<br/>section |- class='wd_q1063567' | [[Sellafield]] | Sellafield | Sellafield | nuclear facility<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | nuclear facility<br/>business |- class='wd_q1939117' | [[Semanteec chynge]] | semantic change | Semanteec chynge | | |- class='wd_q9715' | [[semen]] | semen | Semen | body fluid<br/>class of anatomical entity | body fluid<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q911008' | [[Sepang]] | Sepang District | Sepang | district of Malaysia | district of Malaysia |- class='wd_q102251' | [[Sephardi Jews]] | Sephardi Jews | Sephardi Jews | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q1442' | [[Septimius Severus]] | Septimius Severus | Septimius Severus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9299' | [[Serbie leid]] | Serbian | Serbie leid | leid<br/>pluricentric language variant<br/>standard variety | language<br/>pluricentric language variant<br/>standard variety |- class='wd_q9301' | [[Serbo-Croatie|Serbo-Croatian]] | Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatie | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>pluricentric language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>pluricentric language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q127885' | [[Serbs]] | Serbs | Serbs | nation<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q7454994' | [[Sermon on the Mound]] | Sermon on the Mound | Sermon on the Mound | oration | oration |- class='wd_q51640' | [[Sermon on the Mount|Sermon on the Munt]] | Sermon on the Mount | Sermon on the Mount | sermon | sermon |- class='wd_q42699' | [[Serval]] | serval | Serval | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2763698' | [[sesame]] | Sesamum indicum | Sesame | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q290' | [[sex]] | biological sex | Sex | medical attribute | medical attribute |- class='wd_q12198' | [[Sexually transmit tribble|sexually transmittit disease]] | sexually transmitted infection | Sexually transmit tribble | mode of transmission | mode of transmission |- class='wd_q18700' | [[shaebill]] | Shoebill | Shaebill | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q83672' | [[Shah Jahan]] | Shah Jahan | Shah Jahan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9535' | [[Shah Rukh Khan]] | Shah Rukh Khan | Shah Rukh Khan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q59100' | [[Shantou]] | Shantou | Shantou | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q191455' | [[Shapur I]] | Shapur I | Shapur I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q234860' | [[Shapur II]] | Shapur II | Shapur II | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q482752' | [[sharia]] | sharia | Sharia | legal order<br/>form o rule<br/>academic discipline<br/>Islamic term | legal system<br/>form of government<br/>academic discipline<br/>Islamic term |- class='wd_q7368' | [[sheep]] | sheep | Sheep | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q235478' | [[Shelley Duvall]] | Shelley Duvall | Shelley Duvall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q39357' | [[Shih Tzu]] | Shih Tzu | Shih Tzu | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q715710' | [[Shikra]] | Accipiter badius | Shikra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57410' | [[Shimon Peres]] | Shimon Peres | Shimon Peres | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q105124' | [[Shishapangma]] | Shishapangma | Shishapangma | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q239505' | [[Shivaji]] | Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj | Shivaji | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131375' | [[shogi]] | shogi | Shogi | chess variant | chess variant |- class='wd_q652695' | [[shortbreid]] | shortbread | Shortbreid | | |- class='wd_q131136' | [[Shot starn]] | meteor | Shot starn | meteor shower | meteor shower |- class='wd_q549' | [[Siamese fechtin fish|Siamese fichtin fish]] | Siamese fighting fish | Siamese fechtin fish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1928719' | [[Side-valve ingine]] | flathead engine | Side-valve ingine | engine configuration | engine configuration |- class='wd_q190516' | [[Sika deer]] | sika deer | Sika deer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q116209' | [[Silene]] | Silene | Silene | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q116269' | [[silicon dioxide]] | silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q2166799' | [[Simon Mann]] | Simon Mann | Simon Mann | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q483312' | [[Singmogil]] | Singmogil | Singmogil | national day<br/>public holiday<br/>Korean anniversary days | national day<br/>public holiday<br/>Korean anniversary days |- class='wd_q191114' | [[Sita]] | Sita | Sita | Hindu deity<br/>human whose existence is disputed | Hindu deity<br/>human whose existence is disputed |- class='wd_q234597' | [[sitatunga]] | sitatunga | Sitatunga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q55063313' | [[Sizewell C nuclear pouer station]] | Sizewell C nuclear power station | Sizewell C nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q1074' | [[skin]] | skin | Skin | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q8102' | [[slang]] | slang | Slang | register<br/>usage | register<br/>usage |- class='wd_q589187' | [[Sliders (TV series)]] | Sliders | Sliders (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q25421' | [[smaw douker]] | Little Grebe | Smaw douker | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q30197' | [[snaw leopard]] | snow leopard | Snaw leopard | [[taxon]]<br/>apex predator<br/>flagship species | taxon<br/>apex predator<br/>flagship species |- class='wd_q170177' | [[White oul|snawy oul]] | Snowy Owl | White oul | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190570' | [[sniper rifle]] | sniper rifle | Sniper rifle | weapon type | weapon type |- class='wd_q134430' | [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]] | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q34396' | [[Saip|soap]] | soap | Saip | cleaning product<br/>personal hygiene item | cleaning product<br/>personal hygiene item |- class='wd_q146313' | [[Sobek]] | Sobek | Sobek | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>deity<br/>watter deity | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>deity<br/>water deity |- class='wd_q39420' | [[Sochi]] | Sochi | Sochi | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q36380' | [[Society o Jesus]] | Society of Jesus | Society o Jesus | organization<br/>Catholic order<br/>group o humans | organization<br/>Catholic order<br/>group of humans |- class='wd_q190227' | [[sodium carbonate]] | sodium carbonate | Sodium carbonate | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q2314' | [[sodium chloride]] | sodium chloride | Sodium chloride | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q102769' | [[sodium hydroxide]] | sodium hydroxide | Sodium hydroxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q388108' | [[Sohag]] | Sohag | Sohag | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q26675' | [[solan guiss]] | Northern Gannet | Solan guiss | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21723' | [[Solanales]] | Solanales | Solanales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146555' | [[Solanum]] | Q146555 | Solanum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147707' | [[Solanum dulcamara]] | Solanum dulcamara | Solanum dulcamara | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48440' | [[Solar radius]] | solar radius | Solar radius | unit of length | unit of length |- class='wd_q170731' | [[solubility]] | solubility | Solubility | | |- class='wd_q47539' | [[Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone]] | South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone | Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone | organization | organization |- class='wd_q475449' | [[Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat]] | southern hairy-nosed wombat | Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7354' | [[Soothren Ocean]] | Southern Ocean | Soothren Ocean | [[ocean]] | ocean |- class='wd_q157964' | [[Sorbus]] | Sorbus | Sorbus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76593978' | [[Sores of Emmanuel]] | Sores of Emmanuel | Sores of Emmanuel | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q12111' | [[Sorghum]] | Sorghum | Sorghum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q105060' | [[Sosnowiec]] | Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi powiat richts<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>urban gmina | city<br/>city with powiat rights in Poland<br/>big city<br/>urban municipality of Poland |- class='wd_q1415615' | [[Sounds of a Playground Fading]] | Sounds of a Playground Fading | Sounds of a Playground Fading | [[album]] | album |- class='wd_q62372' | [[South Jamaica, Queens|South Jamaica]] | South Jamaica | South Jamaica, Queens | neighbourhuid | neighborhood |- class='wd_q1045096' | [[South Kensington]] | South Kensington | South Kensington | aurie o Lunnon | area of London |- class='wd_q27449' | [[Soothern Europe]] | Southern Europe | Soothern Europe | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q15180' | [[Soviet Union]] | Soviet Union | Soviet Union | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q5916' | [[spaceflicht]] | spaceflight | Spaceflicht | | |- class='wd_q10859' | [[Spainish Ceevil War|Spaingie Ceevil War]] | Spanish Civil War | Spainish Ceevil War | civil war | civil war |- class='wd_q1321' | [[Spainish leid|Spainish]] | Spanish | Spainish leid | natural language<br/>leid<br/>modern language<br/>human language | natural language<br/>language<br/>modern language<br/>human language |- class='wd_q928333' | [[Spaingie immigration tae Mexico|Spainyie immigration tae Mexico]] | Spaniards in Mexico | Spaingie immigration tae Mexico | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q193340' | [[Spark plug]] | spark plug | Spark plug | | |- class='wd_q28922' | [[sparrae]] | Passeridae | Sparrae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q160114' | [[spearimint]] | Mentha spicata | Spearimint | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25439' | [[specht]] | Q25439 | Specht | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11455' | [[Special relativity]] | special relativity | Special relativity | [[Physical law|pheesical law]]<br/>scientific theory | physical law<br/>scientific theory |- class='wd_q158767' | [[spelt]] | Triticum spelta | Spelt | [[taxon]]<br/>grain crop | taxon<br/>grain crop |- class='wd_q25814' | [[Spermatophyte]] | Q25814 | Spermatophyte | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21162' | [[Spitsbergen]] | Spitsbergen | Spitsbergen | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q2913554' | [[Frasers Group|Sports Direct]] | Frasers Group | Frasers Group | brick and mortar<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | brick and mortar<br/>public company<br/>business |- class='wd_q49158' | [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] | Springfield | Springfield, Massachusetts | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q25380' | [[Spur-hawk]] | Eurasian Sparrowhawk | Spur-hawk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q170334' | [[Srebrenica massacre|Srebrenica genocide]] | Srebrenica massacre | Srebrenica massacre | genocide<br/>war crime<br/>crime against humanity<br/>massacre | genocide<br/>war crime<br/>crime against humanity<br/>massacre |- class='wd_q41963' | [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]] | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte | de jure national capital | de jure national capital |- class='wd_q3581844' | [[St James's Kirk, Liège]] | St James's Church | St James's Kirk, Liège | [[kirk]]<br/>abbey<br/>religious building | church building<br/>abbey<br/>religious building |- class='wd_q941325' | [[Stamford, New York|Stamford]] | Stamford | Stamford, New York | toun o the Unitit States<br/>town of New York | town in the United States<br/>town of New York |- class='wd_q756442' | [[Stane o Scuin]] | Stone of Scone | Stane o Scuin | stane | stone |- class='wd_q18847' | [[stank-hen]] | Common Moorhen | Stank-hen | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q250429' | [[Stap sign]] | stop sign | Stap sign | | |- class='wd_q149116' | [[Staphylococcaceae]] | Staphylococcaceae | Staphylococcaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q462' | [[Star Wars]] | Star Wars | Star Wars | media franchise<br/>brand<br/>film franchise | media franchise<br/>brand<br/>film franchise |- class='wd_q35657' | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state | State o the Unitit States | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country<br/>Pentacontad | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country<br/>Pentacontad |- class='wd_q12483' | [[Stateestics]] | statistics | Stateestics | academic major | academic major |- class='wd_q14388' | [[Stegosaurus]] | Stegosaurus | Stegosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q206' | [[Stephen Harper]] | Stephen Harper | Stephen Harper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q76366' | [[Sterna]] | Sterna | Sterna | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25882' | [[Stibble guiss]] | Greylag Goose | Stibble guiss | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q186212' | [[Stirling ingine]] | Stirling engine | Stirling ingine | | |- class='wd_q2232618' | [[Stirrup cup]] | stirrup cup | Stirrup cup | parting tradition | parting tradition |- class='wd_q292265' | [[Stoja|Stoja Novaković]] | Stoja Novaković | Stoja | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2404900' | [[Stoke Dry]] | Stoke Dry | Stoke Dry | [[veelage]]<br/>[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]] | village<br/>civil parish |- class='wd_q178942' | [[storm cock]] | Mistle Thrush | Storm cock | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13158' | [[straeberry]] | strawberry | Straeberry | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48365' | [[Strait o Magellan]] | Strait of Magellan | Strait o Magellan | strait | strait |- class='wd_q169358' | [[stratovolcano]] | stratovolcano | Stratovolcano | | |- class='wd_q140018' | [[Streptococcaceae]] | Streptococcaceae | Streptococcaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2746295' | [[Stuart Murdoch (muisicker)|Stuart Murdoch]] | Stuart Murdoch | Stuart Murdoch (muisicker) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1022' | [[Stuttgart]] | Stuttgart | Stuttgart | major regional center<br/>financial center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>circle ceety<br/>state capital in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Option municipality | major regional center<br/>financial center<br/>big city<br/>City district in Baden-Württemberg<br/>state capital in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Option municipality |- class='wd_q172741' | [[Subaru]] | Subaru | Subaru | division<br/>automobile manufacturer | division<br/>automobile manufacturer |- class='wd_q11002' | [[succar]] | sugar | Succar | commodity<br/>excipient<br/>sweetener<br/>group or class of chemical substances | commodity<br/>excipient<br/>sweetener<br/>group or class of chemical substances |- class='wd_q44914' | [[Sudoku]] | sudoku | Sudoku | [[Guddock|Güdic]]<br/>[[habby]]<br/>mind sport<br/>logic puzzle | riddle<br/>hobby<br/>mind sport<br/>logic puzzle |- class='wd_q49101' | [[Suez Creesis|Suez Crisis]] | Suez Crisis | Suez Creesis | military expedition | military expedition |- class='wd_q380764' | [[Sukhothai Province]] | Sukhothai | Sukhothai Province | [[Provinces o Thailand]] | province of Thailand |- class='wd_q40811' | [[Sukhumi]] | Sokhumi | Sukhumi | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q525' | [[Sun]] | Sun | Sun | G-type main-sequence starn | G-type main-sequence star |- class='wd_q275163' | [[Sunda cloodit leopard]] | Sunda clouded leopard | Sunda cloodit leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q269728' | [[Sunda pangolin]] | Sunda pangolin | Sunda pangolin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183259' | [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | electronic device model | electronic device model |- class='wd_q1065079' | [[Supporters' Shield]] | Supporters' Shield | Supporters' Shield | association football trophy or award | association football trophy or award |- class='wd_q10798' | [[Pig]] | Q10798 | Pig | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3551021' | [[Sussan Taunton]] | Sussan Taunton | Sussan Taunton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26629' | [[Swart-back]] | Great Black-backed Gull | Swart-back | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q165141' | [[Swisserland naitional fitbaw team|Swisserland naitional fitbaa team]] | Switzerland men's national football team | Swisserland naitional fitbaw team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q7659945' | [[Sydney Goodsir Smith]] | Sydney Goodsir Smith | Sydney Goodsir Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2573367' | [[Sydney Roosters]] | Sydney Roosters | Sydney Roosters | rugby league team | rugby league team |- class='wd_q188446' | [[Sylvia atricapilla]] | Sylvia atricapilla | Sylvia atricapilla | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q207592' | [[Sylvia Kristel]] | Sylvia Kristel | Sylvia Kristel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q212676' | [[Symon Petliura]] | Symon Petliura | Symon Petliura | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1141086' | [[Synagogue o Besançon]] | Synagogue of Besançon | Synagogue o Besançon | [[synagogue]] | synagogue |- class='wd_q37437' | [[syntax]] | syntax | Syntax | language subsystem<br/>branch of linguistics | language subsystem<br/>branch of linguistics |- class='wd_q26736' | [[Clove|Syzygium aromaticum]] | clove | Clove | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174' | [[São Paulo]] | São Paulo | São Paulo | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Brazil<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>big city<br/>municipality of Brazil<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q6512' | [[Søren Kierkegaard]] | Søren Kierkegaard | Søren Kierkegaard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155658' | [[T-72]] | T-72 | T-72 | combat vehicle family | combat vehicle family |- class='wd_q170596' | [[T. E. Lawrence]] | T. E. Lawrence | T. E. Lawrence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2161' | [[Tacitus]] | Tacitus | Tacitus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q750259' | [[Tafilah Govrenorate]] | Tafilah Governorate | Tafilah Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Jordan]] | governorate of Jordan |- class='wd_q7676492' | [[Taito Phillip Field]] | Taito Phillip Field | Taito Phillip Field | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q865' | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] | Taiwan | Taiwan (kintra) | island country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic | island country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic |- class='wd_q22502' | [[Taiwan]] | Taiwan Island | Taiwan | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q72778' | [[Taiyuan]] | Taiyuan | Taiyuan | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q132956' | [[Taklamakan Desert]] | Taklamakan | Taklamakan Desert | desert | desert |- class='wd_q205792' | [[Tamanrasset]] | Tamanrasset | Tamanrasset | [[ceety]]<br/>commune of Algeria | city<br/>commune of Algeria |- class='wd_q3036410' | [[Tammy Duckworth]] | Tammy Duckworth | Tammy Duckworth | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83367' | [[Tanakh]] | Tanakh | Tanakh | biblical canon<br/>[[Haly beuk]]<br/>miscellany<br/>series | biblical canon<br/>religious text<br/>miscellany<br/>series of creative works |- class='wd_q271771' | [[Tanta]] | Tanta | Tanta | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q191827' | [[Taoiseach]] | Taoiseach | Taoiseach | public offeecial | public office |- class='wd_q1642670' | [[Tarhuna]] | Tarhuna | Tarhuna | [[ceety]]<br/>municipality of Libya | city<br/>municipality of Libya |- class='wd_q233608' | [[Tarpan]] | Equus ferus ferus | Tarpan | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q155814' | [[tarragon]] | tarragon | Tarragon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174916' | [[Tartus]] | Tartus | Tartus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>big city<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q134964' | [[Tasmainien deil|Tasmanie deil]] | Tasmanian devil | Tasmainien deil | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27355' | [[Taxus]] | Taxus | Taxus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q428606' | [[TE10]] | Soviet Railways ТЭ10 | TE10 | locomotive class | locomotive class |- class='wd_q37226' | [[teacher]] | teacher | Teacher | [[profession]]<br/>poseetion<br/>occupation | profession<br/>position<br/>occupation |- class='wd_q38954' | [[Teide]] | Teide | Teide | [[Volcanae]]<br/>active volcano<br/>laundmark | volcano<br/>active volcano<br/>architectural landmark |- class='wd_q848096' | [[telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick]] | telephone numbers in the United Kingdom | Telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q41403' | [[Teletubbies]] | Teletubbies | Teletubbies | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q15416' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | television program | Telly programme | type of television program | type of television program |- class='wd_q6666976' | [[Template:Abkhazia-note]] | Template:Abkhazia note | Template:Abkhazia-note | Wikimedia template | Wikimedia template |- class='wd_q76280' | [[tench]] | tench | Tench | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13695' | [[Tenochtitlan]] | Tenochtitlan | Tenochtitlan | city-state<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>altepetl | city-state<br/>big city<br/>altepetl |- class='wd_q36656' | [[Ter Sami leid]] | Ter Sami | Ter Sami leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q9384' | [[testicle]] | testicle | Testicle | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q201701' | [[Tetraodontidae]] | Tetraodontidae | Tetraodontidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19159' | [[tetrapod]] | Q19159 | Tetrapod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25392' | [[teuchit]] | Northern Lapwing | Teuchit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q172691' | [[Thar Desert]] | Thar Desert | Thar Desert | desert<br/>WWF ecoregion | desert<br/>WWF ecoregion |- class='wd_q113700' | [[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]] | The Avengers | The Avengers (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q45354' | [[The Doors]] | The Doors | The Doors | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q180089' | [[The Economist]] | The Economist | The Economist | [[wabsteid]]<br/>magazine | website<br/>magazine |- class='wd_q40302' | [[The Fox and the Hound]] | The Fox and the Hound | The Fox and the Hound | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q7739604' | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | The High Life | The High Life (1994 TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q7744143' | [[The Kerry Recruit]] | The Kerry Recruit | The Kerry Recruit | musical work/composition | musical work/composition |- class='wd_q27950674' | [[The Last of Us Part II]] | Q27950674 | The Last of Us Part II | [[video gemme]] | video game |- class='wd_q36479' | [[The Lion King]] | The Lion King | The Lion King | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q190135' | [[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]] | The Little Mermaid | The Little Mermaid (1989 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q26220165' | [[The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen]] | The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen | The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen | paintin | painting |- class='wd_q2089577' | [[The Pebble and the Penguin]] | The Pebble and the Penguin | The Pebble and the Penguin | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q18536' | [[The Shard]] | The Shard | The Shard | skyscraper<br/>office biggin | skyscraper<br/>office building |- class='wd_q232737' | [[The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]] | The Walking Dead | The Walking Dead (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q1140649' | [[The Wicker Man]] | The Wicker Man | The Wicker Man | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q21997690' | [[The Wigtown Martyrs]] | Wigton Martyrs | The Wigtown Martyrs | | |- class='wd_q156574' | [[Theaceae]] | Theaceae | Theaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184232' | [[Theia]] | Theia | Theia | [[Titan (meethologie)|Titan]] | titan |- class='wd_q44003' | [[Theodor Herzl]] | Theodor Herzl | Theodor Herzl | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q13195257' | [[Cauld Kail in Aberdeen|There's Ca'd Kail in Aberdeen]] | Q13195257 | Cauld Kail in Aberdeen | | |- class='wd_q264766' | [[Theresa May]] | Theresa May | Theresa May | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9270' | [[Thimphu]] | Thimphu | Thimphu | [[ceety]]<br/>admeenistrative diveesion<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>administrative territorial entity<br/>big city |- class='wd_q9438' | [[Thomas Aquinas]] | Thomas Aquinas | Thomas Aquinas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q269593' | [[Thompson submachine gun]] | Thompson submachine gun | Thompson submachine gun | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q42952' | [[Thor]] | Thor | Thor | thunder deity<br/>Norse deity | thunder deity<br/>Norse deity |- class='wd_q942508' | [[Thorax (insect anatomy)|thorax]] | thorax | Thorax (insect anatomy) | | |- class='wd_q719528' | [[Thorfinn the Michty]] | Thorfinn the Mighty | Thorfinn the Michty | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1412119' | [[Threads (1984 film)]] | Threads | Threads (1984 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q34124' | [[Tigrinya leid|Tigrinya]] | Tigrinya | Tigrinya leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q124739' | [[Tijuana]] | Tijuana | Tijuana | [[ceety]]<br/>locality of Mexico<br/>city in Mexico | city<br/>locality of Mexico<br/>city in Mexico |- class='wd_q127849' | [[Tilia]] | Tilia | Tilia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179257' | [[Timbaland]] | Q179257 | Timbaland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11471' | [[time]] | time | Time | scalar pheesical quantity<br/>independent variable<br/>spatiotemporal region | scalar quantity<br/>independent variable<br/>spatiotemporal region |- class='wd_q132572' | [[Tiraspol]] | Tiraspol | Tiraspol | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Moldova<br/>city or town | big city<br/>municipality of Moldova<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q26956' | [[Titlin]] | Anthus pratensis | Titlin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q376038' | [[Toco toucan|Toco Toucan]] | Toco Toucan | Toco toucan | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8331' | [[Tod]] | fox | Tod | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q205662' | [[Tokugawa shogunate]] | Tokugawa shogunate | Tokugawa shogunate | govrenment agency<br/>shogunate<br/>historical state | government agency<br/>shogunate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q287657' | [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q90561312' | [[Captain Tom|Tom Moore]] | Tom Moore | Captain Tom | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q263802' | [[Tom Watson (Labour politeecian)|Tom Watson]] | Tom Watson | Tom Watson (Labour politeecian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41057' | [[Topeka]] | Topeka | Topeka | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q142349' | [[Toronto Argonauts]] | Toronto Argonauts | Toronto Argonauts | Canadian football team | Canadian football team |- class='wd_q38991' | [[Tosa (dug)]] | Tosa | Tosa (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q187278' | [[Toy Story 3]] | Toy Story 3 | Toy Story 3 | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q243543' | [[Toyota Corolla]] | Toyota Corolla | Toyota Corolla | car model series | car model series |- class='wd_q153681' | [[Trabant]] | Trabant | Trabant | car model series | car model series |- class='wd_q351303' | [[track]] | Track | Track | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q39495' | [[Tractor]] | tractor | Tractor | type of vehicle | type of vehicle |- class='wd_q7831651' | [[Tractor vapourisin ile]] | tractor vaporising oil | Tractor vapourisin ile | | |- class='wd_q907112' | [[Transnistrie]] | Transnistria | Transnistrie | landlockt kintra<br/>unitary state<br/>military occupation<br/>social state<br/>secular state<br/>de facto regime<br/>occupied territory<br/>state wi leemitit recogneetion | landlocked country<br/>unitary state<br/>military occupation<br/>social state<br/>secular state<br/>de facto regime<br/>occupied territory<br/>state with limited recognition |- class='wd_q682403' | [[Treatie o Union 1707]] | Treaty of Union | Treatie o Union 1707 | treaty | treaty |- class='wd_q1237' | [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] | Trentino-South Tyrol | Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | autonomous region with special statute | autonomous region with special statute |- class='wd_q327362' | [[triiodothyronine]] | triiodothyronine | Triiodothyronine | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q4140065' | [[Trinidad James]] | Trinidad James | Trinidad James | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1568779' | [[Tripoli (disambiguation)|Tripoli]] | Tripoli | Tripoli (disambiguation) | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1363' | [[Tripura]] | Tripura | Tripura | state of India | state of India |- class='wd_q2006725' | [[Triumph Acclaim]] | Triumph Acclaim | Triumph Acclaim | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1798248' | [[Triumph TR4A]] | Triumph TR4A | Triumph TR4A | car model | car model |- class='wd_q5639' | [[trolleybus]] | trolleybus | Trolleybus | bus type | bus type |- class='wd_q408352' | [[Trump]] | Trump | Trump | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q186096' | [[Tsardom o Roushie]] | Tsardom of Russia | Tsardom o Roushie | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q462843' | [[Tu Youyou]] | Tu Youyou | Tu Youyou | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q44989' | [[Tulsa]] | Tulsa | Tulsa | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q165118' | [[Tunicate]] | Tunicata | Tunicate | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3572' | [[Tunis]] | Tunis | Tunis | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Tunisia | big city<br/>municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q213827' | [[Turaco]] | Turaco | Turaco | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212798' | [[Turbellaria]] | Turbellaria | Turbellaria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q256' | [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] | Turkish | Turkis leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q43022' | [[Turkis coffee]] | Turkish coffee | Turkis coffee | | |- class='wd_q874' | [[Turkmenistan]] | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan | [[kintra]]<br/>landlockt kintra<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>landlocked country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q147520' | [[Typha latifolia]] | Typha latifolia | Typha latifolia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27112' | [[Tytonidae]] | Tytonidae | Tytonidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2670398' | [[Tzoran-Kadima]] | Tzoran-Kadima | Tzoran-Kadima | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q203312' | [[Uccle]] | Uccle | Uccle | municipality o Belgium | municipality of Belgium |- class='wd_q7876900' | [[Udal law]] | Udal law | Udal law | legal system | legal system |- class='wd_q10647' | [[UK Unthirldom Pairty]] | UK Independence Party | UK Unthirldom Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q52933' | [[Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden]] | Ulrika Eleonora I of Sweden | Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6511' | [[Ulysses (novelle)|Ulysses]] | Ulysses | Ulysses (novelle) | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q27138' | [[Unaizah]] | Unaizah | Unaizah | human settlement<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | human settlement<br/>big city |- class='wd_q208650' | [[Uniformitarianism]] | uniformitarianism | Uniformitarianism | principle<br/>philosophical theory | principle<br/>philosophical theory |- class='wd_q588834' | [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]] | Union City | Union City, New Jersey | ceety in New Jersey | city in New Jersey |- class='wd_q1622507' | [[Unitarian Universalism]] | Unitarian Universalism | Unitarian Universalism | [[releegion]] | religion |- class='wd_q42183' | [[United States Whig Party]] | Whig Party | United States Whig Party | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q216996' | [[Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea]] | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea | United Nations treaty<br/>multilateral treaty | United Nations treaty<br/>multilateral treaty |- class='wd_q30' | [[Unitit States]] | United States | Unitit States | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q139718826' | [[Unitit States UAP files]] | United States UFO files | Unitit States UAP files | release | release |- class='wd_q168383' | [[Universal Studios]] | Universal Pictures | Universal Studios | film studio<br/>film production company | film studio<br/>film production company |- class='wd_q34113' | [[Uralic leids]] | Uralic | Uralic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q9382' | [[urinary bladder]] | urinary bladder | Urinary bladder | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q105650' | [[urology]] | urology | Urology | medical specialty<br/>academic discipline | medical specialty<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q151179' | [[Ustaše]] | Ustaše | Ustaše | poleetical organisation<br/>terrorist organization | political organization<br/>terrorist organization |- class='wd_q6940' | [[UTC+07:00]] | UTC+07:00 | UTC+07:00 | time zone named for a UTC offset | time zone named for a UTC offset |- class='wd_q155644' | [[Uzi]] | Uzi | Uzi | weapon family | weapon family |- class='wd_q724736' | [[V ingine]] | V engine | V ingine | engine configuration | engine configuration |- class='wd_q134808' | [[vaccine]] | vaccine | Vaccine | remedy | remedy |- class='wd_q5079636' | [[Vaccinium]] | Vaccinium | Vaccinium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q37587' | [[Valentine's Day]] | Valentine's Day | Valentine's Day | [[haliday]] | holiday |- class='wd_q157819' | [[Valeriana officinalis]] | Valeriana officinalis | Valeriana officinalis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23800' | [[Valletta]] | Valletta | Valletta | [[ceety]]<br/>local council of Malta | city<br/>local council of Malta |- class='wd_q166879' | [[Van der Waals radius]] | van der Waals radius | Van der Waals radius | physical phenomenon | physical phenomenon |- class='wd_q725493' | [[Vaquita]] | Vaquita | Vaquita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q79980' | [[Varanasi]] | Varanasi | Varanasi | [[ceety]]<br/>holy city | city<br/>holy city |- class='wd_q192334' | [[Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill | public educational institution of the United States<br/>public research university | public educational institution of the United States<br/>public research university |- class='wd_q735505' | [[vas deferens]] | vas deferens | Vas deferens | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q275787' | [[Vatican euro cunyies]] | Vatican euro coin | Vatican euro cunyies | coin type | coin type |- class='wd_q179734' | [[Vatnajökull]] | Vatnajökull | Vatnajökull | ice cap | ice cap |- class='wd_q181138' | [[veganism]] | veganism | Veganism | [[ideology]]<br/>lifestyle<br/>social movement<br/>epistemological viewpoint<br/>dietary restriction | ideology<br/>lifestyle<br/>social movement<br/>epistemological viewpoint<br/>dietary restriction |- class='wd_q251368' | [[Venom]] | Venom | Venom | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q11699' | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | Vice President of the United States | Vice Preses o the Unitit States | vice preses<br/>president of the senate<br/>elective office | vice president<br/>president of the senate<br/>elective office |- class='wd_q119069' | [[Vicente Fernández]] | Vicente Fernández | Vicente Fernández | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156390' | [[Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden|Victoria, Croun Princess o Sweden]] | Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden | Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4533' | [[Victorious]] | Victorious | Victorious | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q167797' | [[vicuña]] | vicuña | Vicuña | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8740' | [[Vietnam War]] | Vietnam War | Vietnam War | proxy war | proxy war |- class='wd_q9199' | [[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]] | Vietnamese | Vietnamese leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q216151' | [[Vietnamese fowk]] | Vietnamese people | Vietnamese fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q157144' | [[Vinnytsia]] | Vinnytsia | Vinnytsia | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of regional significance of Ukraine<br/>city or town<br/>centre of oblast | big city<br/>city of regional significance of Ukraine<br/>city or town<br/>centre of oblast |- class='wd_q164447' | [[Viola lutea]] | Viola lutea | Viola lutea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156060' | [[Violaceae]] | Violaceae | Violaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q543788' | [[Violet Jacob]] | Violet Jacob | Violet Jacob | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q163656' | [[Viperidae]] | viper | Viperidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147267' | [[Virginie opossum]] | Didelphis virginiana | Virginie opossum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11380' | [[Vishnu]] | Vishnu | Vishnu | Hindu deity<br/>legendar figur | Hindu deity<br/>legendary figure |- class='wd_q34956' | [[vitamin]] | vitamin | Vitamin | group of chemical entities<br/>nutrient group | group of chemical entities<br/>nutrient group |- class='wd_q102217' | [[Vitebsk]] | Vitebsk | Vitebsk | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of oblast subordinance | big city<br/>city of oblast subordinance |- class='wd_q191019' | [[Vitis]] | Vitis | Vitis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14318' | [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Vitoria-Gasteiz | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q185864' | [[Viverridae]] | Viverridae | Viverridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q380330' | [[Vlad II Dracul]] | Vlad II Dracul | Vlad II Dracul | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83546' | [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] | Grand Principality of Vladimir | Vladimir-Suzdal | vassal state<br/>historical state | vassal state<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q10952397' | [[Vole]] | vole | Vole | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q56402691' | [[Volkswagen Taos]] | Volkswagen Taos | Volkswagen Taos | car model | car model |- class='wd_q185194' | [[Vulpes]] | Vulpes | Vulpes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q501499' | [[Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai]] | Vyatskoye | Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q623169' | [[Wallaby]] | wallaby | Wallaby | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q8704' | [[Walt Disney]] | Walt Disney | Walt Disney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7965336' | [[Walter Kennedy]] | Walter Kennedy | Walter Kennedy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q311237' | [[Walther PP]] | Walther PP | Walther PP | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q182865' | [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]] | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | War in Afghanistan (2001–present) | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q185729' | [[War on Terror]] | War on Terrorism | War on Terror | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q362' | [[Warld War II]] | World War II | Warld War II | world war<br/>historical period | world war<br/>historical period |- class='wd_q1201263' | [[Warlord Era]] | Warlord Era | Warlord Era | historical period | historical period |- class='wd_q2028786' | [[Warne, North Carolina|Warne]] | Warne | Warne, North Carolina | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q126399' | [[Warner Bros.]] | Warner Bros. Entertainment | Warner Bros. | film production company<br/>entertainment company | film production company<br/>entertainment company |- class='wd_q42486' | [[Warstlin]] | wrestling | Warstlin | type o sport | type of sport |- class='wd_q3566734' | [[Watsonian RFC]] | Watsonian FC | Watsonian RFC | rugby union team | rugby union team |- class='wd_q81041' | [[watter cycle]] | water cycle | Watter cycle | | |- class='wd_q1024911' | [[Welshpool]] | Welshpool | Welshpool | town of the United Kingdom | town of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q846421' | [[West Hollywood]] | West Hollywood | West Hollywood | gay village<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | gay village<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q3567454' | [[West of Scotland F.C.]] | West of Scotland FC | West of Scotland F.C. | rugby union club | rugby union club |- class='wd_q7986162' | [[West Park, New York|West Park]] | West Park | West Park, New York | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q6592290' | [[Westfield Megabusa]] | Westfield Megabusa | Westfield Megabusa | car model | car model |- class='wd_q6592255' | [[Westfield SEight]] | Westfield SEight | Westfield SEight | car model | car model |- class='wd_q7988934' | [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building]] | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | office biggin | office building |- class='wd_q18854' | [[whaup]] | Eurasian Curlew | Whaup | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1371617' | [[whiff]] | megrim | Whiff | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q28106837' | [[Whistlin deuk]] | Eurasian Wigeon | Whistlin deuk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212552' | [[white eel]] | European conger | White eel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25438' | [[White-tailed eagle|White-tailed Eagle]] | White-tailed Eagle | White-tailed eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171' | [[Wiki]] | wiki | Wiki | type of website | type of website |- class='wd_q4656249' | [[Wikipedia:Five pillars]] | Wikipedia:Five pillars | Wikipedia:Five pillars | Wikimedia project namespace | Wikimedia project page |- class='wd_q3125700' | [[Wild haggis]] | wild haggis | Wild haggis | animal frae a wirk o feection | fictional species of animal |- class='wd_q169950' | [[Wildfire]] | wildfire | Wildfire | fire incident type | fire incident type |- class='wd_q866755' | [[Willa Muir]] | Willa Muir | Willa Muir | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q105825' | [[William Hurt]] | William Hurt | William Hurt | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q150652' | [[William I, German Emperor]] | Wilhelm I | William I, German Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q163415' | [[William Shockley]] | William Shockley | William Shockley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8018623' | [[William Soutar]] | William Soutar | William Soutar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8018838' | [[William Stewart (makar)|William Stewart]] | William Stewart | William Stewart (makar) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37594' | [[William the Conqueror]] | William the Conqueror | William the Conqueror | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q382601' | [[William Wilton]] | William Wilton | William Wilton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2581473' | [[Willie Rennie]] | Willie Rennie | Willie Rennie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25399' | [[Willie-wagtail]] | Motacilla alba | Willie-wagtail | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146661' | [[wineberry]] | Ribes rubrum | Wineberry | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q47253' | [[wirm]] | worm | Wirm | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q754668' | [[witchie]] | Maniola jurtina | Witchie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76462' | [[Wolfgang Ketterle]] | Wolfgang Ketterle | Wolfgang Ketterle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q211764' | [[Woluwe-Saint-Lambert]] | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | municipality o Belgium | municipality of Belgium |- class='wd_q23175' | [[wombat]] | Vombatidae | Wombat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11838775' | [[Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant]] | Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant | Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q129165' | [[Xerxes I]] | Xerxes I | Xerxes I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q158888' | [[Yamaha Motor Company]] | Yamaha Motor Company | Yamaha Motor Company | public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer | public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer |- class='wd_q37995' | [[Yangon]] | Yangon | Yangon | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital<br/>largest city<br/>town in Myanmar | city<br/>big city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city<br/>town in Myanmar |- class='wd_q377' | [[Yanka Kupala]] | Yanka Kupala | Yanka Kupala | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8050101' | [[Yasushi Yamaguchi]] | Yasushi Yamaguchi | Yasushi Yamaguchi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q577' | [[year]] | year | Year | unit o time | unit of time |- class='wd_q267584' | [[Yemen Arab Republic]] | Yemen Arab Republic | Yemen Arab Republic | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q50422' | [[Yeonje-gu]] | Yeonje District | Yeonje-gu | district of Busan | district of Busan |- class='wd_q1277359' | [[Yerl o Mar]] | Earl of Mar | Yerl o Mar | ryal or noble rank | noble title |- class='wd_q1010108' | [[Yerlston]] | Earlston | Yerlston | [[toun]]<br/>parish | town<br/>parish |- class='wd_q188120' | [[Yoichiro Nambu]] | Yoichiro Nambu | Yoichiro Nambu | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5449' | [[Yoshkar-Ola]] | Yoshkar-Ola | Yoshkar-Ola | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town | big city<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q866' | [[YouTube]] | YouTube | YouTube | [[wabsteid]]<br/>online video platform<br/>online community<br/>video streaming service<br/>live streaming service<br/>user-generated content platform | website<br/>online video platform<br/>online community<br/>video streaming service<br/>live streaming service<br/>user-generated content platform |- class='wd_q10305' | [[Zaragoza]] | Zaragoza | Zaragoza | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q319896' | [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]] | Ze'ev Jabotinsky | Ze'ev Jabotinsky | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34201' | [[Zeus]] | Zeus | Zeus | thunder deity<br/>King of the Gods<br/>Greek deity<br/>Olympian god | thunder deity<br/>King of the Gods<br/>Greek deity<br/>Olympian god |- class='wd_q197471' | [[Zhao Wei]] | Zhao Wei | Zhao Wei | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q835435' | [[Zhou dynasty (690–705)]] | Zhou dynasty (690–705) | Zhou dynasty (690–705) | historical state<br/>Chinese dynasty | historical country<br/>Chinese dynasty |- class='wd_q2392142' | [[Zifta]] | Zefta | Zifta | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q890120' | [[Zimbabwe Rhodesie]] | Zimbabwe Rhodesia | Zimbabwe Rhodesie | historical unrecognized state | historical unrecognized state |- class='wd_q190077' | [[zinc oxide]] | zinc oxide | Zinc oxide | type of 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class='wd_q171291' | [[Ötzi]] | Ötzi | Ötzi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q54158' | [[Łódź Voivodeship]] | Łódź Voivodeship | Łódź Voivodeship | [[Voivodeships o Poland]] | voivodeship of Poland |- class='wd_q133118' | [[Şanlıurfa]] | Şanlıurfa | Şanlıurfa | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey | city<br/>big city<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey |} ---- &sum; 2302 items. {{Wikidata list end}} ro86ezqmi06s8bz1nyeb59yeoi8v18g 0 233946 922128 922015 2026-08-27T21:54:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox magazine | title = Spin | logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]] | image_file = | image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]] | oclc = 801245245 | category = Muisic | frequency = Quarterly | founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]] | firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}} | country = [[Unitit States]] | based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S. | company = Next Management Partners | language = Inglis | website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}} | issn = 0886-3032 }} '''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024. == History == === Early history === ''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman. In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker. On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time. Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled "Wirds frae the Front". In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as "Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim". In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured. In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''. === Later years === Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', "''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin". In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006. In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be "less nor $5 million". That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur. In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed "a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record". In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus. Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year. In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018. ''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor. In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur "Staund Thegither Muisic", an initiative uised "tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries". In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest. In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August. == Beuks == In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt "the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism," includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, "it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism." Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene. Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins. == Year-end leets == ''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990. === Airtist o the Year === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1994 |[[The Smashing Pumpkins]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA5|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1995 |[[PJ Harvey]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[Beck]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA44|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[The Notorious B.I.G.]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1998 |[[Lauryn Hill]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA65|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1999 |[[Rage Against the Machine]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2000 |[[Eminem]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2001 |[[U2]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2002 |[[The Strokes]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA52|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2003 |[[Coldplay]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2004 |[[Modest Mouse]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA46|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2005 |[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&pg=PA57|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2006 |Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&pg=PA82|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2007 |[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2008 |[[Lil Wayne]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2009 |[[Kings of Leon]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA25|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2010 |[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]] |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&pg=PA2|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[Fucked Up]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Death Grips]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2013 |[[Mike Will Made It]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[Sia]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2015 |[[Deafheaven]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Billie Eilish]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[Run the Jewels]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Weyes Blood]] |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Sinéad O'Connor]] |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2024 |[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2025 |[[Deftones]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Single o the Year=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" ! Year ! Airtist ! Sang ! Naition ! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | 1994 || [[Beck]] || "[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA77|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1995 || [[Moby]] || "[[Feeling So Real]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA88|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1996 || [[Fugees]] || "[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA90|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || "[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref name=":92">{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&pg=PA86|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || "[[The Rockafeller Skank]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA92|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || "[[No Scrubs]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA80|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2000 || [[Eminem]] || "[[The Real Slim Shady]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || "[[Get Ur Freak On]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2002 || [[Eminem]] || "[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || "[[In da Club]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2004 || [[Green Day]] || "[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA72|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || "[[Feel Good Inc.]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&pg=PA67|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || "[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&pg=PA61|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || "[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || "[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&pg=PA49|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || "[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|date=Januar–Februar 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA31|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || "[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&pg=PA42|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2011 || [[Adele]] || "[[Rolling in the Deep]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=2011-12-09|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || "[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=2012-12-10|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - "Mercy"|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || "[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]" || {{flagcountry|France}} || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=2020-01-27|access-date=2026-08-24|website=Spin}}</ref> |- | 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || "[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || "[[What Do You Mean?]]" || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || "[[Black Beatles]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || "[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]" || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || "Womp Womp" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || "Orange" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || "Boomer" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || "Be Sweet" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || "Home Maker" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=2022-12-16 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || "[[Not Strong Enough]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=2023-12-22 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Album o the Year=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !Album !Naition !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1990 |[[Ice Cube]] |''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1991 |[[Teenage Fanclub]] |''[[Bandwagonesque]]'' |{{flagcountry|Scotland}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]] |''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&pg=PT68|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1993 |[[Liz Phair]] |''[[Exile in Guyville]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&pg=PA40|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1994 |[[Hole (baund)|Hole]] |''[[Live Through This]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1995 |[[Moby]] |''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA62|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[Beck]] |''[[Odelay]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[Cornershop]] |''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref name=":92"/> |- |1998 |[[Lauryn Hill]] |''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA91|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1999 |[[Nine Inch Nails]] |''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2000 |[[Radiohead]] |''[[Kid A]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref name="spin20002">[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.</ref> |- |2001 |[[System of a Down]] |''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=2026-08-27|work=Loudwire|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2002 | rowspan="2" |[[The White Stripes]] |''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]'' | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA70|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2003 |''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]'' |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Kanye West]] |''[[The College Dropout]]'' | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA68|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2005 |''[[Late Registration]]'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2026-08-27|website=Spin}}</ref> |- |2006 |[[TV on the Radio]] |''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2026-08-27|website=Spin}}</ref> |- |2007 |[[Against Me!]] |''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2008 |[[TV on the Radio]] |''[[Dear Science]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2009 |[[Animal Collective]] |''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA34|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2010 |[[Kanye West]] |''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[Fucked Up]] |''[[David Comes to Life]]'' |{{flagcountry|Canada}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Frank Ocean]] |''[[Channel Orange]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- |2013 |[[Kanye West]] |''[[Yeezus]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]] |''[[Lost in the Dream]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2026-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2015 |[[Kendrick Lamar]] |''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[Solange Knowles]] |''[[A Seat at the Table]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2017 |[[Kendrick Lamar]] |''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2018 |[[The 1975]] |''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Big Thief]] |''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[Fiona Apple]] |''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]] |''[[Glow On]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 | [[Weyes Blood]] | ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Killer Mike]] |''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |} Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae "yer haurd drive", acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.<ref name="spin20002"/> ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album. Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets: {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !Album !Naition !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1971 |[[Led Zeppelin]] |''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=26 January 2021}}</ref> |- |1981 |[[King Crimson]] |''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=April 12, 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> |- |1982 |[[Kate Bush]] |''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=15 August 2022 |date=15 August 2022}}</ref> |- |} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} == Fremmit airtins == * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.spinmagazine.com}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books/serial/ISSN:08863032 Spin]''—Fou view on [[Google Books]] frae vol. 1 no. 1 tae vol. 28 no. 3 (Mey-Juin 2012 {{DEFAULTSORT:Spin (magazine)}} [[Category:1985 establishments in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Bimonthly magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2012]] [[Category:Magazines establisht in 1985]] [[Category:Magazines published in New York Ceety]] [[Category:Muisic magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Onwab magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Popular muisic magazines]] bbn5e850fqxoirkemij60v0vuqdfpmo 922129 922128 2026-08-27T21:55:20Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox magazine | title = Spin | logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]] | image_file = | image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]] | oclc = 801245245 | category = Muisic | frequency = Quarterly | founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]] | firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}} | country = [[Unitit States]] | based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S. | company = Next Management Partners | language = Inglis | website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}} | issn = 0886-3032 }} '''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024. == History == === Early history === ''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman. In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker. On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time. Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled "Wirds frae the Front". In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as "Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim". In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured. In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''. === Later years === Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', "''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin". In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006. In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be "less nor $5 million". That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur. In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed "a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record". In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus. Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year. In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018. ''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor. In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur "Staund Thegither Muisic", an initiative uised "tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries". In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest. In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August. == Beuks == In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt "the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism," includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, "it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism." Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene. Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins. == Year-end leets == ''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990. === Airtist o the Year === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1994 |[[The Smashing Pumpkins]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA5|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1995 |[[PJ Harvey]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[Beck]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA44|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[The Notorious B.I.G.]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1998 |[[Lauryn Hill]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA65|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1999 |[[Rage Against the Machine]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2000 |[[Eminem]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2001 |[[U2]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2002 |[[The Strokes]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA52|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2003 |[[Coldplay]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2004 |[[Modest Mouse]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA46|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2005 |[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&pg=PA57|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2006 |Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&pg=PA82|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2007 |[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2008 |[[Lil Wayne]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2009 |[[Kings of Leon]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA25|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2010 |[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]] |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&pg=PA2|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[Fucked Up]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Death Grips]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2013 |[[Mike Will Made It]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[Sia]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2015 |[[Deafheaven]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Billie Eilish]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[Run the Jewels]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Weyes Blood]] |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Sinéad O'Connor]] |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2024 |[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2025 |[[Deftones]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Single o the Year=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" ! Year ! Airtist ! Sang ! Naition ! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | 1994 || [[Beck]] || "[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA77|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1995 || [[Moby]] || "[[Feeling So Real]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA88|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1996 || [[Fugees]] || "[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA90|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || "[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref name=":92">{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&pg=PA86|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || "[[The Rockafeller Skank]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA92|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || "[[No Scrubs]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA80|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2000 || [[Eminem]] || "[[The Real Slim Shady]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || "[[Get Ur Freak On]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2002 || [[Eminem]] || "[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || "[[In da Club]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2004 || [[Green Day]] || "[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA72|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || "[[Feel Good Inc.]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&pg=PA67|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || "[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&pg=PA61|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || "[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || "[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&pg=PA49|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || "[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|date=Januar–Februar 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA31|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || "[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&pg=PA42|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2011 || [[Adele]] || "[[Rolling in the Deep]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=2011-12-09|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || "[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=2012-12-10|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - "Mercy"|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || "[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]" || {{flagcountry|France}} || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=2020-01-27|access-date=2026-08-24|website=Spin}}</ref> |- | 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || "[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || "[[What Do You Mean?]]" || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || "[[Black Beatles]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || "[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]" || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || "Womp Womp" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || "Orange" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || "Boomer" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || "Be Sweet" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || "Home Maker" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=2022-12-16 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || "[[Not Strong Enough]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=2023-12-22 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Album o the Year=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !Album !Naition !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1990 |[[Ice Cube]] |''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1991 |[[Teenage Fanclub]] |''[[Bandwagonesque]]'' |{{flagcountry|Scotland}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]] |''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&pg=PT68|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1993 |[[Liz Phair]] |''[[Exile in Guyville]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&pg=PA40|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1994 |[[Hole (baund)|Hole]] |''[[Live Through This]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1995 |[[Moby]] |''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA62|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[Beck]] |''[[Odelay]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[Cornershop]] |''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref name=":92"/> |- |1998 |[[Lauryn Hill]] |''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA91|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1999 |[[Nine Inch Nails]] |''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2000 |[[Radiohead]] |''[[Kid A]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref name="spin20002">[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.</ref> |- |2001 |[[System of a Down]] |''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=2026-08-27|work=Loudwire|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2002 | rowspan="2" |[[The White Stripes]] |''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]'' | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA70|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2003 |''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]'' |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Kanye West]] |''[[The College Dropout]]'' | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA68|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2005 |''[[Late Registration]]'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2026-08-27|website=Spin}}</ref> |- |2006 |[[TV on the Radio]] |''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2026-08-27|website=Spin}}</ref> |- |2007 |[[Against Me!]] |''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2008 |[[TV on the Radio]] |''[[Dear Science]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2009 |[[Animal Collective]] |''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA34|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2010 |[[Kanye West]] |''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[Fucked Up]] |''[[David Comes to Life]]'' |{{flagcountry|Canada}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Frank Ocean]] |''[[Channel Orange]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- |2013 |[[Kanye West]] |''[[Yeezus]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]] |''[[Lost in the Dream]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2026-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2015 |[[Kendrick Lamar]] |''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[Solange Knowles]] |''[[A Seat at the Table]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2017 |[[Kendrick Lamar]] |''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2018 |[[The 1975]] |''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Big Thief]] |''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[Fiona Apple]] |''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]] |''[[Glow On]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 | [[Weyes Blood]] | ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Killer Mike]] |''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |} Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae "yer haurd drive", acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.<ref name="spin20002"/> ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album. Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets: {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !Album !Naition !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1971 |[[Led Zeppelin]] |''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=2026-08-27 |date=26 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1981 |[[King Crimson]] |''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=April 12, 2021 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1982 |[[Kate Bush]] |''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=2026-08-27 |date=15 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} == Fremmit airtins == * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.spinmagazine.com}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books/serial/ISSN:08863032 Spin]''—Fou view on [[Google Books]] frae vol. 1 no. 1 tae vol. 28 no. 3 (Mey-Juin 2012 {{DEFAULTSORT:Spin (magazine)}} [[Category:1985 establishments in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Bimonthly magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2012]] [[Category:Magazines establisht in 1985]] [[Category:Magazines published in New York Ceety]] [[Category:Muisic magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Onwab magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Popular muisic magazines]] h343xvxsporabw9w1cil8fsywznkzb3 922131 922129 2026-08-27T22:05:43Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox magazine | title = Spin | logo = [[File:spin-logo.svg]] | image_file = | image_caption = Kiver o the December 2024 issue, featurin [[Liam Gallagher]] an [[Noel Gallagher]] o [[Oasis (baund)|Oasis]] | oclc = 801245245 | category = Muisic | frequency = Quarterly | founder = [[Bob Guccione Jr.]] | firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1949|5|}} | country = [[Unitit States]] | based = [[New York Ceety]], U.S. | company = Next Management Partners | language = Inglis | website = {{URL|spinmagazine.com}} | issn = 0886-3032 }} '''''Spin''''' (stylisit as '''''SPIN''''') is an American muisic magazine foondit in 1985 bi publisher Bob Guccione Jr. Later awned bi Next Management Partners, the magazine haes been an onwab publication syne it stappit issuin a prent edition in 2012. It returned as a quarterly publication in September 2024. == History == === Early history === ''Spin'' wis establisht in 1985 bi Bob Guccione, Jr. In August 1987, the publisher annoonced it wad stap publishin ''Spin'', but Guccione Jr. retained control o the magazine an pairtnered wi umwhile MTV preses David H. Horowitz tae quickly revive the magazine. Durin this time, it wis published bi Camouflage Publishing wi Guccione Jr. servin as preses an chief executive an Horowitz as investor an chairman. In its early years, ''Spin'' wis kent fur its narrae muisic kiverage, wi an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, an the ongoin emergence o hip-hop, whiles virtually ignorin ither genres, sic as country an metal. It forby pyntedly providit a naitional alternative tae ''Rolling Stone's'' mair establishment-orientit style. ''Spin'' prominently placed risin acks sic as R.E.M., Prince, Run-D.M.C., Beastie Boys, an Talking Heads on its kivers an did lengthy featurs on establisht feegurs sic as Duran Duran, Keith Richards, Miles Davis, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, an John Lee Hooker. On a cultural level, the magazine devotit seegnificant kiverage tae punk, alternative country, electronica, reggae an warld muisic, experimental rock, jazz o the maist adventurous sort, burgeonin unnergrund muisic scenes, an a variety o fringe styles. Airtists sic as the Ramones, Patti Smith, Blondie, X, Black Flag, an the umwhile memmers o the Sex Pistols, The Clash, an the early punk an New Wave muivements wur hivily featurt in ''Spin''{{'}}s editorial mix. ''Spin''{{'}}s extensive kiverage o hip-hop muisic an cultur, inspecially that o contributin editor John Leland, wis weel-kent at the time. Editorial contreibutions bi muisical an cultural feegurs includit Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth an Dwight Yoakam. The magazine forby reportit on cities sic as Austin, Texas, an Glesga, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent muisic scene. A 1990 airticle on the contemporar country blues scene brocht R. L. Burnside tae naitional attention fur the furst time. Kiverage o American cartuinists, manga, monster larries, the AIDS creesis, ootsider airtists, ''Twin Peaks'', an ither nan-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguisht the magazine's early years. In Julie 1986, ''Spin'' published an exposé bi Robert Keating on hou the funds brocht up at the Live Aid concert micht hae been inappropriately uised. Beginnin in Januar 1988, ''Spin'' published a monthly series o airticles aboot the AIDS epidemic titled "Wirds frae the Front". In 1990, ''Spin'' hired John Skipper in the new poseetion o publishin director an preses whiles Guccione, Jr. continued tae serve as editor an publisher. In the early 1990s, ''Spin'' pleyed an influential role on the grunge era, featurin alternative rock airtists sic as "Nirvana an PJ Harvey on its kivers whan mair mainstream magazines aften dwined tae acknawledge thaim". In 1994, twa jurnalists wirkin fur the magazine wur killt bi a laundmine whiles reportin on the Bosnie War in Bosnie an Herzegovinae. A thrid, William T. Vollmann, wis injured. In 1997, Guccione Jr. left the magazine efter sellin ''Spin'' tae Miller Publishing fur $43.3 million. The new awner appyntit Michael Hirschorn as editor-in-chief. A pairtnership makkit up o Robert Miller, David Salzman, an Quincy Jones, Miller Publishing awned ''Vibe'' an aa, that thegither makkit up Vibe/Spin Venturs. In 1999, Alan Light, wha previously servit as editor o ''Vibe'' succeedit Hirschorn at ''Spin''. === Later years === Sia Michel wis appyntit editor-in-chief in early 2002 tae succeed Licht. Wi Michel as editor, accordin tae Evan Sawdey o ''PopMatters'', "''Spin'' wis ane o the maist funny, engagin muisic publications oot there, capable o writin aboot everyone frae the Used tae Kanye West wi an enthusiasm an deep-seatit knawledge in genre aircheteeps that makkit fur page-turnin readin". In 2003, ''Spin'' sent Chuck Klosterman, a senior writer wha jyned the magazine in the 1990s, on a trip tae veesit the daith steids o kenspeckle airtists in rock muisic, that becam the basis o his 2005 beuk, ''Killing Yourself to Live: 85% of a True Story''. Klosterman wrate fur ''Spin'' till 2006. In Februar 2006, Miller Publishing selt the magazine tae a San Francisco-based company cried the McEvoy Group LLC, that wis the awner o Chronicle Books an aa. The purchase price wis reportit tae be "less nor $5 million". That company formit Spin Media LLC as a hauldin company. The new awners appyntit Andy Pemberton, a umwhile editor at ''Blender'', tae succeed Michel as editor-in-chief. The furst an anly issue tae be published unner Pemberton's editorship wis the Julie 2006 issue, that featurt Beyoncé on the kiver. Pemberton resigned frae ''Spin'' in Juin 2006 an wis succeedit bi Doug Brod, wha wis executive editor durin Michel's tenur. In 2008, the magazine begoud publishin a complete deegital edition o ilk issue. Fur the 25t anniversary o Prince's ''Purple Rain'', in 2009, ''Spin'' lowsed "a comprehensive oral history o the film an album an a free dounloadable homage that featurs nine baunds doin sang-fur-sang kivers o the record". In Mairch 2010, the entire collection o ''Spin'' magazine back issues becam freely readable on Google Books. Brod remained editor till Juin 2011, whan he wis replaced bi Steve Kandell, wha previously servit as deputy editor. In Julie 2011, fur the 20t anniversary o Nirvana's 1991 album, ''Nevermind'', the magazine lowsed a homage album includin aw 13 sang wi ilk kivert bi a different airtist. The album, lowsed fur free on Facebook, includit kivers bi Butch Walker, Amanda Palmer an Titus Andronicus. Wi the Mairch 2012 issue, ''Spin'' relaunched the magazine in a lairger, bi-monthly format an, at the same time, expandit its onwab presence unner deegital general manager Jeff Rogers. In Julie 2012, ''Spin'' wis selt tae Buzzmedia, that eventually recried itsel SpinMedia, that wis foondit in 1999 bi Anthony Batt an Marc Brown. The September/October 2012 issue wis the magazine's last prent edition. It continued tae publish entirely onwab wi Caryn Ganz as its editor-in-chief. In Juin 2013, Ganz wis succeedit bi Jem Aswad, wha wis replaced bi Craig Marks in Juin o the follaein year. In 2016, Puja Patel wis appyntit editor an Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group fur an undisclosed amoont. Matt Medved becam editor in December 2018. ''Spin'' wis acquired in 2020 bi Next Management Partners. Jimmy Hutcheson serves as chief executive officer wi Daniel Kohn as editorial director an ''Spin''{{'}}s foonder, Guccione Jr., wha rejyned the magazine as creative advisor. In late 2023, the publication receivit backlash fur Guccione Jr.'s airticle defendin umwhile Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner efter the latter makkit racist an sexist comments that got him oostit frae the Rock an Roll Haw o Fame board o directors as weel as fur "Staund Thegither Muisic", an initiative uised "tae launder the reputation o Koch Industries". In 2024 its week-lang activation at the South by Southwest conference wis sponsored bi the Unitit States Airmy, ane o the factors that led tae ower 100 baund droppin aff the fest in protest. In Mey 2024, the magazine annoonced it wad relaunch its prent edition an publish quarterly stairtin in August. == Beuks == In 1995, ''Spin'' produced its furst beuk, entitled ''Spin Alternative Record Guide''. It compiled writins bi 64 muisic creetics on recordin airtists an baunds relevant tae the alternative muisic muivement, wi ilk airtist's entry featurin thair discography an albums reviewed an ratit a score atween ane an ten. Accordin tae Pitchfork Media's Matthew Perpetua, the beuk featurt "the best an brichtest writers o the 80s an 90s, mony o whom stairtit aff in zines but hae syne become major feegurs in muisic creeticism," includin Rob Sheffield, Byron Coley, Ann Powers, Simon Reynolds, an Alex Ross. Awtho the beuk wis nae a sales success, "it inspirt a disproportionate nummer o yung readers tae pursue muisic creeticism." Efter the beuk wis published, its entry on 1960s fowk airtist John Fahey, written bi Byron Coley, helpit renew interest in Fahey's muisic, leadin tae interest frae record labels an the alternative muisic scene. Fur ''Spin''{{'}}s 20t anniversary in 2005, it published a beuk, ''Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music'', chroniclin the prior twa decades in muisic. The beuk haes essays on grunge, Britpop, an emo, amang ither genres o muisic, as weel as pieces on muisical acks includin Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, R.E.M., Nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, an the Smashing Pumpkins. == Year-end leets == ''SPIN'' begoud compilin year-end leets in 1990. === Airtist o the Year === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1994 |[[The Smashing Pumpkins]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|date=December 1994|title=Artist of the Year: Smashing Pumpkins|page=5|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA5|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1995 |[[PJ Harvey]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January 1996|title=Artist of the Year: PJ Harvey|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[Beck]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=January 1997|title=Artist of the Year: Beck|page=44|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA44|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[The Notorious B.I.G.]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Charles|date=January 1998|title=Artist of the Year: The Notorious B.I.G.|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1998 |[[Lauryn Hill]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Seymour|first=Craig|date=January 1999|title=Lauryn Hill: Artist of the Year|page=65|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA65|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1999 |[[Rage Against the Machine]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weisbard|first=Eric|date=January 2000|title=Band of the Year: Rage Against the Machine|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2000 |[[Eminem]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Norris|first=Chris|date=January 2001|title=Artist of the Year: Eminem|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2001 |[[U2]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Light|first=Alan|date=January 2002|title=Band of the Year*: Rock's Unbreakable Heart|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2002 |[[The Strokes]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Spitz|first=Marc|date=January 2003|title=The Rebirth of Cool: Band of the Year|page=52|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA52|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2003 |[[Coldplay]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pepper|first=Tracey|date=Jan 2004|title=Band of the Year: Coldplay|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2004 |[[Modest Mouse]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dolan|first=Jon|date=January 2005|title=Band of the Year: Modest Mouse|page=46|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA46|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2005 |[[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hermes|first=Will|date=January 2006|title=Artist of the Year: M.I.A.|page=57|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&pg=PA57|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2006 |Airtists on [[YouTube]] an [[Myspace|MySpace]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Browne|first=David|date=January 2007|title=Artist of the Year: You ...Him, and Her, and Them|page=82|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&pg=PA82|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2007 |[[Kanye West]] an [[Daft Punk]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=McAlley|first=John|date=Jan 2008|title=Entertainers of the Year: K.W. + D.P.|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2008 |[[Lil Wayne]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peisner|first=David|date=January 2009|title=Rock Star of the Year|page=60|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&pg=PA60|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2009 |[[Kings of Leon]] |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Eells|first=Josh|date=January–February 2010|title=Band of the Year|page=25|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA25|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2010 |[[LCD Soundsystem]], [[Florence and the Machine]], an [[The Black Keys]] |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2011|title=2010 Artists of the Year|page=2|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&pg=PA2|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[Fucked Up]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schultz|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2011|title=One Fucked Up Year: SPIN's Best of 2011 Issue|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/one-fucked-year-spins-best-2011-issue/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Death Grips]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Artist of the Year: Death Grips|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/11/death-grips-artist-year-2012-no-love-deep-web/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2013 |[[Mike Will Made It]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 9, 2013|title=Mike WiLL Made It Is Our 2013 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/mike-will-made-it-spin-2013-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[Sia]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brodsky|first=Rachel|date=December 7, 2014|title=Sia Is SPIN's 2014 Artist of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sia-2014-artist-of-the-year/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2015 |[[Deafheaven]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Andy|date=2015-12-21|title=Deafheaven Are 2015's Band of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/deafheaven-2015-band-of-the-year-new-bermuda-interview/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Billie Eilish]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Medved|first=Matt|date=December 23, 2019|title=Artist of the Year: Billie Eilish|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/billie-eilish-artist-of-the-year-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[Run the Jewels]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Daniel|date=December 17, 2020|title=Artist of the Year: Run the Jewels|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/run-the-jewels-artist-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]] |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chesler|first=Josh|date=December 21, 2021|title=Artist of the Year: Turnstile|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/turnstile-artist-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Weyes Blood]] |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hochman |first1=Steve |title=Artist of the Year: Weyes Blood |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/weyes-blood-artist-of-the-year |website=SPIN |date=December 15, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Sinéad O'Connor]] |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lentini |first1=Liza |title=Sinéad O'Connor: 2023 Artist of the Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/sinead-oconnor-2023-artist-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2024 |[[Finneas O'Connell|Finneas]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moayeri {{!}} |first=Lily |date=2024-12-13 |title=Finneas Is In the Sweet Spot |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/featured/finneas-artist-of-the-year/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2025 |[[Deftones]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moayeri |first=Lily |date=2025-12-29 |title=Artist of the Year: Deftones |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2025/12/artist-of-the-year-deftones/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=SPIN |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Single o the Year=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" ! Year ! Airtist ! Sang ! Naition ! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | 1994 || [[Beck]] || "[[Loser (Beck sang)|Loser]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=77|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA77|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1995 || [[Moby]] || "[[Feeling So Real]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1996|title=The Top 20 of '95|page=88|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA88|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1996 || [[Fugees]] || "[[Ready or Not (Fugees sang)|Ready or Not]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1997|title=Singles|page=90|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA90|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1997 || [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] || "[[Hypnotize (The Notorious B.I.G. sang)|Hypnotize]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref name=":92">{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1998|title=Top Albums of the Year; Top 20 Singles|pages=86–87|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_o5qLt04pz4C&pg=PA86|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1998 || [[Norman Cook|Fatboy Slim]] || "[[The Rockafeller Skank]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 1999|title=The 20 Best Singles of 1998|page=92|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA92|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 1999 || [[TLC (group)|TLC]] || "[[No Scrubs]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2000|title=The Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=80|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA80|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2000 || [[Eminem]] || "[[The Real Slim Shady]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2001|title=Top 20 Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2001 || [[Missy Elliott]] || "[[Get Ur Freak On]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clover|first=Joshua|date=Januar 2002|title=Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXGw14ml_M4C&pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2002 || [[Eminem]] || "[[Cleanin' Out My Closet]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2003|title=Singles of the Year|page=74|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA74|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2003 || [[50 Cent]] || "[[In da Club]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2004|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=78|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA78|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2004 || [[Green Day]] || "[[American Idiot (sang)|American Idiot]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2005|title=20 Best Singles of the Year|page=72|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA72|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2005 || [[Gorillaz]] || "[[Feel Good Inc.]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2006|title=20 Best Singles of 2005|page=67|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&pg=PA67|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2006 || [[Gnarls Barkley]] || "[[Crazy (Gnarls Barkley sang)|Crazy]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2007|title=20 Best Singles|page=61|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQlLLxbfvoC&pg=PA61|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2007 || [[Kanye West]] || "[[Stronger (Kanye West sang)|Stronger]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2008|title=20 Best Songs|page=56|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA56|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2008 || [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] || "[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. sang)|Paper Planes]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2009|title=20 Best Songs 2008|page=49|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_G9SEfNaboC&pg=PA49|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2009 || [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] || "[[Zero (Yeah Yeah Yeahs sang)|Zero]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|date=Januar–Februar 2010|title=20 Best Songs of 2009|page=31|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA31|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2010 || [[CeeLo Green]] || "[[Fuck You (CeeLo Green sang)|Fuck You]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=Januar 2011|title=20 Best Songs|page=42|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1-MpHtrPoC&pg=PA42|access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2011 || [[Adele]] || "[[Rolling in the Deep]]" || {{flagcountry|England}} || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=2011-12-09|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2012 || [[GOOD Music]] || "[[Mercy (GOOD Music sang)|Mercy]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite news|last=Harvilla|first=Rob|date=2012-12-10|title=G.O.O.D. Music, Feat. Kanye West, Big Sean, Pusha T, and 2 Chainz - "Mercy"|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/|access-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128023407/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-songs-2012/121207-1-kanye-west/|archive-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 || [[Daft Punk]] || "[[Get Lucky (Daft Punk sang)|Get Lucky]]" || {{flagcountry|France}} || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=December 2013|title=SPIN's 50 Best Songs of 2013|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212545/https://www.spin.com/2013/12/best-songs-2013/131203-best-songs-2013-migos-daft-punk-haim-lead/|archive-date=2020-01-27|access-date=2026-08-24|website=Spin}}</ref> |- | 2014 || [[Future Islands]] || "[[Seasons (Waiting on You)]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2014|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/101-best-songs-2014/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2015 || [[Justin Bieber]] || "[[What Do You Mean?]]" || {{flagcountry|Canada}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-30|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/11/the-101-best-songs-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2016 || [[Rae Sremmurd]] || "[[Black Beatles]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-101-best-songs-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2017 || [[Calvin Harris]], [[Frank Ocean]], an [[Migos]] || "[[Slide (Calvin Harris sang)|Slide]]" || {{flagcountry|Scotland}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/101-best-songs-of-2017/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2018 || [[Valee]] an [[Jeremih]] || "Womp Womp" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The 101 Best Songs of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-songs-2018/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2019 || [[Big Thief]] || "Orange" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=The 10 Best Songs of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-songs-2019/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2020 || [[Bartees Strange]] || "Boomer" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-11|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/30-best-songs-2020/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2021 || [[Japanese Breakfast]] || "Be Sweet" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=The 30 Best Songs of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-songs-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-24|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2022 || [[Sudan Archives]] || "Home Maker" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Songs Of The Year |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/the-50-best-songs-of-the-year/ |website=SPIN |date=2022-12-16 |access-date=2026-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2023 || [[Boygenius]] || "[[Not Strong Enough]]" || {{flagcountry|USA}} || <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Daniel |title=Song of the Year: boygenius, 'Not Strong Enough' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/song-of-the-year-boygenius-not-strong-enough/ |website=SPIN |date=2023-12-22 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Album o the Year=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !Album !Naition !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1990 |[[Ice Cube]] |''[[AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1990|title=Albums of the Year: Spin's Picks for 1990|page=54|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDWxkmx1bj4C&pg=PA54|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1991 |[[Teenage Fanclub]] |''[[Bandwagonesque]]'' |{{flagcountry|Scotland}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1991|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zrzfgLFgUYC&pg=RA1-PA56|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Pavement (baund)|Pavement]] |''[[Slanted and Enchanted]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1992|title=20 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFqiGmZIPAC&pg=PT68|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1993 |[[Liz Phair]] |''[[Exile in Guyville]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1994|title=Best 20 Albums of the Year|page=40|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7nHM_LvUUC&pg=PA40|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1994 |[[Hole (baund)|Hole]] |''[[Live Through This]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 1994|title=20 Best Albums of '94|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxPc6mYwIxEC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1995 |[[Moby]] |''[[Everything Is Wrong (album)|Everything is Wrong]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1996|title=20 Best: Moby unlocks techno, trip-hop arrives and Polly|page=62|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPmf0Kr8tR0C&pg=PA62|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[Beck]] |''[[Odelay]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1997|title=The 20 Best Albums of '96: Keeping score on where it's at|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGB0iIRXtJEC&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[Cornershop]] |''[[When I Was Born for the 7th Time]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref name=":92"/> |- |1998 |[[Lauryn Hill]] |''[[The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1999|title=Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=91|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA91|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1999 |[[Nine Inch Nails]] |''[[The Fragile (Nine Inch Nails album)|The Fragile]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2000|title=The Top 20 Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_2Hb3bIqaQC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2000 |[[Radiohead]] |''[[Kid A]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref name="spin20002">[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9KJt3F7IdUC&pg=PA72 ''Spin''], January 2001.</ref> |- |2001 |[[System of a Down]] |''[[Toxicity (album)|Toxicity]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Spencer|date=September 4, 2011|title=10 Things You Didn't Know About 'Toxicity'|url=http://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626235328/https://loudwire.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-toxicity/|archive-date=June 26, 2019|access-date=2026-08-27|work=Loudwire|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2002 | rowspan="2" |[[The White Stripes]] |''[[White Blood Cells (album)|White Blood Cells]]'' | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2003|title=Albums of the Year|page=70|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxQP3qCjFgC&pg=PA70|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2003 |''[[Elephant (album)|Elephant]]'' |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2004|title=Best Albums of the Year|page=76|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CTUGqnYjTwC&pg=PA76|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2004 | rowspan="2" |[[Kanye West]] |''[[The College Dropout]]'' | rowspan="2" |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 2005|title=40 Best Albums of the Year|page=68|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyLttHWpa9EC&pg=PA68|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2005 |''[[Late Registration]]'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Mikael|date=December 31, 2005|title=The 40 Best Albums Of 2005|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525204535/https://www.spin.com/2005/12/40-best-albums-2005/|archive-date=2021-05-25|access-date=2026-08-27|website=Spin}}</ref> |- |2006 |[[TV on the Radio]] |''[[Return to Cookie Mountain]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2006|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123527/http://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/|archive-date=2021-03-08|access-date=2026-08-27|website=Spin}}</ref> |- |2007 |[[Against Me!]] |''[[New Wave (Against Me! album)|New Wave]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kandell|first=Steve|date=January 2008|title=Albums of the Year: Against Me!|page=58|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMDVIT4pNlwC&pg=PA58|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2008 |[[TV on the Radio]] |''[[Dear Science]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 31, 2008|title=The 40 Best Albums of 2008|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514014126/https://www.spin.com/2008/12/40-best-albums-2008/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2009 |[[Animal Collective]] |''[[Merriweather Post Pavilion (album)|Merriweather Post Pavilion]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aaron|first=Charles|date=January–February 2010|title=Animal Collective: Merriweather Post Pavilion|page=34|work=Spin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNXPoiKBBvAC&pg=PA34|access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2010 |[[Kanye West]] |''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-06|title=SPIN's 40 Best Albums of 2010|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2010/12/spins-40-best-albums-2010/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[Fucked Up]] |''[[David Comes to Life]]'' |{{flagcountry|Canada}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marchese|first=David|date=2011-12-12|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2011|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-50-best-albums-2011/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Frank Ocean]] |''[[Channel Orange]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 3, 2012|title=SPIN's 50 Best Albums of 2012: Frank Ocean - channel ORANGE (Def Jam)|work=Spin|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127055844/https://www.spin.com/2012/12/best-albums-2012/50bestalbums-mock-final/|archive-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- |2013 |[[Kanye West]] |''[[Yeezus]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2013-12-02|title=Kanye West's 'Yeezus' Is 2013's Album of the Year|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2013/12/kanye-west-yeezus-album-of-the-year-enter-the-void/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[The War on Drugs (baund)|The War on Drugs]] |''[[Lost in the Dream]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 9, 2014|title=The War on Drugs, Lost in the Dream (Secretly Canadian)|work=Spin|url=http://www.spinmagazine.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|access-date=2026-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621195602/http://www.spin.com/2014/12/50-best-albums-2014/war-on-drugs/|archive-date=2017-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2015 |[[Kendrick Lamar]] |''[[To Pimp a Butterfly|To Pimp A Butterfly]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-01|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2015|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2015/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2015/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[Solange Knowles]] |''[[A Seat at the Table]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-12|title=The 50 Best Albums of 2016|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2016/12/the-50-best-albums-of-2016/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2017 |[[Kendrick Lamar]] |''[[Damn (album)|Damn]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-18|title=50 Best Albums of 2017|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2017/12/50-best-albums-2017/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2018 |[[The 1975]] |''[[A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-12|title=The 51 Best Albums of 2018|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2018/12/best-albums-2018/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Big Thief]] |''[[Two Hands (Big Thief album)|Two Hands]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=The 10 Best Albums of 2019|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2019/12/best-albums-2019/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[Fiona Apple]] |''[[Fetch the Bolt Cutters]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-10|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2020|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2020/12/best-albums-2020/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |[[Turnstile (baund)|Turnstile]] |''[[Glow On]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=The 30 Best Albums of 2021|url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/12/best-albums-of-2021/|access-date=2026-08-27|website=SPIN|language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 | [[Weyes Blood]] | ''[[And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 22 Best Albums Of 2022 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/12/22-best-albums-of-2022/ |website=SPIN |date=December 22, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |[[Killer Mike]] |''[[Michael (Killer Mike album)|Michael]]'' |{{flagcountry|USA}} |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guccione, Jr. |first1=Bob |title=Album of the Year: Killer Mike, 'Michael' |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2023/12/album-of-the-year-killer-mike-michael/ |website=Spin Magazine |date=December 21, 2023 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |} Note: The 2000 album o the year wis awairdit tae "yer haurd drive", acknawledgin the impact that fileskarin haed on the muisic listenin experience in 2000.<ref name="spin20002"/> ''Kid A'' wis leetit as nummer 2, the heichest rankin gien tae an actual album. Addeetionally, the follaein albums wis selectit bi the magazine as the best albums o thair respective years in retrospective leets published decades later fur years prior tae the magazine's 1990 introduction o year-end album leets: {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.5em;" !Year !Airtist !Album !Naition !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1971 |[[Led Zeppelin]] |''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1971 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2021/01/50-best-albums-of-1971/3/ |website=SPIN |access-date=2026-08-27 |date=2021-01-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1981 |[[King Crimson]] |''[[Discipline (King Crimson album)|Discipline]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1981 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/photos/the-50-best-albums-of-1981/ |website=SPIN |date=2021-04-12 |access-date=2026-08-27|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |1982 |[[Kate Bush]] |''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]'' |{{flagcountry|England}} |<ref>{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Albums of 1982 |url=https://www.spinmagazine.com/2022/08/the-50-best-albums-of-1982/ |website=SPIN |access-date=2026-08-27 |date=2022-08-15|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} == Fremmit airtins == * {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://www.spinmagazine.com}} * ''[https://books.google.com/books/serial/ISSN:08863032 Spin]''—Fou view on [[Google Books]] frae vol. 1 no. 1 tae vol. 28 no. 3 (Mey-Juin 2012 {{DEFAULTSORT:Spin (magazine)}} [[Category:1985 establishments in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Bimonthly magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Magazines disestablisht in 2012]] [[Category:Magazines establisht in 1985]] [[Category:Magazines published in New York Ceety]] [[Category:Muisic magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Onwab magazines published in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Popular muisic magazines]] jo713ajs6tphh5y0tzkem5dafjab9u0 0 233952 922118 2026-08-27T21:38:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Royal Borough of Greenwich]] til [[Ryal Burgh o Greenwich]]: Misspelt title 922118 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ryal Burgh o Greenwich]] imblgeq253cnewn5cyo74tqklmat3bp 3 233953 922123 2026-08-27T21:43:46Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~" 922123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-46880-21|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:43, 27 August 2026 (UTC) guahhc18i1pg3yy8eqtuu2bquk1gjai 922125 922123 2026-08-27T21:45:04Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 922125 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-46880-21|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:43, 27 August 2026 (UTC) bos448n8bu9rez1em2n8wmrljp6kqql 922127 922125 2026-08-27T21:51:46Z ~2026-46880-21 136345 /* August 2026 */ Replie 922127 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-46880-21|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:43, 27 August 2026 (UTC) :@[[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] Dear Mr. Murdock. Thank you for this Important Information and for undo my wrong corrections. Sorry for my wrong action. Kind regards! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-46880-21|&#126;2026-46880-21]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2026-46880-21|talk]]) 21:51, 27 August 2026 (UTC) t55fafidguvqqsiqnhezi91kjaigulh 922130 922127 2026-08-27T22:02:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 /* August 2026 */ Replie 922130 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-46880-21|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:43, 27 August 2026 (UTC) :@[[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] Dear Mr. Murdock. Thank you for this Important Information and for undo my wrong corrections. Sorry for my wrong action. Kind regards! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-46880-21|&#126;2026-46880-21]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2026-46880-21|talk]]) 21:51, 27 August 2026 (UTC) ::[[Scots leid|Scots]]: Nae problem @[[Uiser:~2026-46880-21|~2026-46880-21]]; houiver, even if yer contreibutions seem guid tae ye, in the futur, please conseeder checkin the hamepage o the Wikipaedia version ye are uisin tae avoid this kin o mistak. Hae a guid day! ::[[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: ''No problem'' @[[Uiser:~2026-46880-21|~2026-46880-21]]''; however, even if your contributions seem good to you, in the future, please consider checking the homepage of the Wikipedia version you are using to avoid this kind of mistake. Have a good day.'' ::[[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:02, 27 August 2026 (UTC) ggq37q42yrkwq4jphzd5e0u167qqr9q