Disney Channel

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    <title>Disney Channel</title>
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      <text bytes="50433" sha1="rozhodkb75brl35193fqbc3q0pynrwy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox televeesion chainel
| name     = Disney Channel
| logofile   = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg
| launch   = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}}
| owner    = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]]
| picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}}
| country   = Unitit States
| language   = Inglis
| broadcast area = Nationwide
| headquarters  = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S.
| former names  = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}}
| sister names  = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}}
| timeshift names = Disney Channel East&lt;br&gt;Disney Channel West
| web    = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}}
| sat serv 1  = [[DirecTV]]
| sat chan 1  = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 291 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]])
| sat serv 2  = [[Dish Network]]
| sat chan 2  = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 173 (west; SD only)
| sat serv 3  = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]]
| sat chan 3  = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)&lt;br&gt;Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital)
| cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider
| cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary
| iptv serv 1  = [[Verizon FiOS]]
| iptv chan 1  = Channel 250 (SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 780 (HD)
| iptv serv 2  = [[AT&amp;T U-verse]]
| iptv chan 2  = Channel 302 (East; SD)&lt;br&gt;Channel 303 (West; SD only)&lt;br&gt;Channel 1303 (HD)
| iptv serv 3  = [[Google Fiber]]
| iptv chan 3  = Channel 427 (SD/HD)
| online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]]
| online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]]
| online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]]
| online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]]
| online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]]
| online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]]
| years_active =1983&amp;ndash;present
}}
'''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortent tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]].

Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – that uised tae be operated as a premium service – oreeginally merketit its programs thewarts families durin the 1980s, an later at yunger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, whiles its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an unner.

{{As of|2023|11}}, Disney Channel is available tae aboot 70 million pay television hoosehauds in the United States — doun frae its peak of 100 million households in 2011,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=May 14, 2024|title=U.S. cable network households (universe), 1990 – 2023|url=https://wrestlenomics.com/u-s-cable-network-households-universe-1990-2023-nielsen-data/|access-date=May 15, 2024|website=Wrestlenomics}}&lt;/ref&gt; an doun frae 93.9 million in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel's internaitional fitt-dunt, at ae pynt encompassin 46 channel available in 33 leids,&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Disney Channels Worldwide|url=https://www.dgepress.com/disneygeneralentertainmentcontent/about-us/disney-channels/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504182054/https://www.dgepress.com/disneygeneralentertainmentcontent/about-us/disney-channels/|archive-date=4 May 2022|access-date=4 May 2022|website=[[Disney General Entertainment Content]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; haes diminished an aw, due tae the lench of ''Disney+'' an competition frae streaming media an social media platforms.

== History ==
[[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]]
Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1920,4087795&amp;dq=disney-channel&amp;hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7193,677930&amp;dq=good+morning+mickey&amp;hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;vernon&quot; /&gt;{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&amp;nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt.

In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks&quot; /&gt; Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year &quot;hybrid&quot; strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1991&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just &quot;'''Disney'''&quot; frae 1997 til 2002.

== Programmin ==

=== Film leebrary ===
televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the &quot;Premiere Films&quot; label an renamed it tae the &quot;Disney Channel Original Movies&quot; (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&amp;cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point.

In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister netwirk, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou.

=== Programmin blocks ===

==== Current ====

* '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as &quot;Mickey Mornings&quot; war lencht, replacin the previous &quot;Disney Junior on Disney Channel&quot; brandin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember.

==== Umwhile ====

* '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle &quot;Disney Nighttime&quot;. The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
* '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 5&quot;), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.&lt;/ref&gt; Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.
* '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation.
* '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Toonin' Tuesday&quot; featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993&quot; /&gt; The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried &quot;Bonus! Thursday&quot; (or &quot;Bonus!&quot; for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.&lt;/ref&gt; The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.&lt;ref name=&quot;October/November 1993 TWO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;December 1993/January 1994&quot; /&gt; The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;August/September 1996&quot; /&gt;
* '''Totally Kids Only''' (&quot;TKO&quot;; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be &quot;no. 2&quot;), April/May 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime childer's programs frae 1995 til 1996.
* '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject&lt;ref&gt; ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.&lt;/ref&gt; The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot;&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried &quot;Block Party&quot;, thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series&quot;. ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;Block Party&quot; brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.&lt;ref name=&quot;June/July 1996: p. 26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.&lt;/ref&gt; This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.&lt;ref&gt;''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt;
* '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News &amp; Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,&lt;ref name=&quot;ks2&quot; /&gt; Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999).  The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1997&quot; /&gt; alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period).
* '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war &quot;Zoogs&quot;, whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;highbeam1998&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war brandit under the umbrella teetle &quot;Zoog Weekendz&quot;. The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&amp;q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&amp;pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Disney Replay''' – &quot;Disney Replay&quot; wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack &amp; Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124020/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend &quot;Throwback Thursday&quot;), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&amp;nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback.
* '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – &quot;Disney XD on Disney Channel&quot; is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&amp;nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel.

=== Bumpers ===
Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sports ===
For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Relatit channels an programs ==

=== Current sister channels ===

==== Disney Jr. ====
[[File:2024_Disney_Jr._Logo.svg|thumb|Disney Jr. logo]]
Disney Jr. is a daily mornin program block aimed at fowk in nursery, spiritually succeedin ''Playhouse Disney'' thit wis pit oot on the 6t Apryle 1997, as pairt o Disney Channel's mornin lineup. On the 26t Mey 2010, Disney General Entertainment Content (at the time kent as ''Disney-ABC Television Group'') anooncit the expansion o the block intae a 24/7 cable an satellite channel thit stairtit on the 23rd Mairch 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;dgedischan&quot; /&gt; The channel wad be advert-free an compete wi ither nursery-skewin cable channels sic as the ''Nick Jr. Channel'' an ''Universal Kids'' (umwhile kent as ''PBS Kids Sprout'' an than ''Sprout'').&lt;ref name=&quot;PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=27 May 2010|title=PreSchool Programs Replace SOAPnet|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|url-status=live|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625221708/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27disney.html?src=busln|archive-date=25 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel featurs programs frae Disney Channel's existin nursery programmin leebrary an films frae the Walt Disney Pictures film leebrary. On its lench, Disney Junior haed taen ower the channel space haud bi ''Soapnet'' – a Disney-awnt cable channel featurin saip operas – due tae that genre's decline in popularity on braidcast television an the growth o video on demand, online streamin an digital video recorders negatin the need for a linear channel devotit tae the saip opera genre. Efter a period whaur cable providers warnae wantin tae drap the netwirk as a hale kept it to stap subscriber cancellations, Soapnet pit a stap tae aw operations on the 31st Disember 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;soapnetdrain&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=James|first=Meg|date=9 November 2013|title=Disney's SOAPnet channel headed for the drain|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306063407/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-fi-ct-disney-soapnet-20131109,0,3311291.story|archive-date=6 March 2014|access-date=November 10, 2013|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile ''Playhouse Disney'' block on Disney Channel rebrandit as Disney Junior on the 14t Februar 14, alang wi the existin internaitional channels; thay haed thair names shortent tae &quot;Disney Jr.&quot; frae the 1st Julie 2024, awtho it's spelt an pronouncit the same as afore. Disney-ABC Television Group at ae pynt planned tae pit oot a ''Playhouse Disney''-brandit channel in the [[Unitit States]] in 2001, hounaiver it niver happened in maugre o lenchin internaitionally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=June 25, 2001|title=Play nice now; Walt Disney Co. plans to introduce Playhouse Disney Channel|work=[[Broadcasting &amp; Cable]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034312/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76166895.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Disney XD ====
[[File:2015_Disney_XD_logo.svg|thumb|Disney XD logo]]
Lenched on the 13t Februar 2009,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=January 7, 2009|title=Disney XD Set to Launch on TV and Online|work=Targeted News Service|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1623346711.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; as the successor tae ''Toon Disney'', Disney XD is a cable an satellite television channel thit was oreeginally aimed at young male audiences aged 6 tae 14, but haes syne includit girls in its programmin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chmielewski|first=Dawn C|date=7 August 2008|title=Enough with the girls, tween boys get their own brand of Disney love|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930193135/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-fi-disney7-story.html|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=October 17, 2020|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel showcases action an comedy programmin frae Disney Channel an the umwhile ''Jetix'' block frae Toon Disney, alangside some first-run oreeginal programmin an aff-netwirk syndicatit programmes. Disney XD, unlike its sister channels Disney Channel an Disney Junior, operates as an ad-supportit service, seemilar tae its predecessor Toon Disney. The channel cairies the same name as an unrelatit mini-site an media player on ''Disney.com'', thit stuid for ''Disney Xtreme Digital'', tho it is said thit the &quot;XD&quot; in the channel's name haesnae got an actual meanin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 January 2007|title=Disney to offer safe social site for kids|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|url-status=dead|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034420/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157749732.html|archive-date=24 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umwhile sister channels ===

* '''Toon Disney''' – Lenched on the 18t Apryle 1998, durin the 15t anniversary celebration o the lench o sister netwirk, Disney Channel,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=December 9, 1997|title=Disney Channel to Take Wing of Running 24 Hours of Cartoons|work=Daily News|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034409/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83894737.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; this channel wis aimed at childer an teenagers atweesh the ages o 6 an 18. The netwirk's main competitors at lench war ''Turner Broadcasting System''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Cartoon Network'' an ''MTV Networks''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ''[[Nickelodeon]]''. Toon Disney stairtit aff as a advert-free service frae its lench until September 1999 whan, unlike Disney Channel, it became ad-supportit. The channel cairied a mix of reruns o animatit productions frae ''Walt Disney Television Animation'' an Disney Channel, alangside some third-party programs frae ither distributors, animatit films an oreeginal programmin. In 2004, the channel introduced a nichttime program block aimed at childer ages 7 tae 14 cawed Jetix, thit featurt action-orientit animatit an live-action series. Durin Toon Disney's first year on the air, Disney Channel ran a sampler block o Toon Disney's programmin on Sunday nichts for interestit subscribers. The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, thit lenched on the 13t Februar 2009, is a channel aimed at childer an aw, an featurs a braider array o programmin, wi a heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
* '''Jetix''' lenched as a programmin block in the Unitit States on ''Toon Disney'' on the 14t Februar 2004, tae compete wi ''Cartoon Network''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s ''Toonami'' block,&lt;ref name=&quot;amag&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Ryan|date=13 February 2004|title=Toon Disney Launches Jetix, Live Card Game|newspaper=[[Animation Magazine]]|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223510/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/toon-disney-launches-jetix-live-card-game/|archive-date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; an in Europe in Apryle 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2005|title=Postul TV Fox Kids Romania a devenit Jetix Romania|trans-title=Fox Kids Romania TV station becomes Jetix Romania|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-rhiva-1245863-postul-fox-kids-romania-devenit-jetix-romania.htm|access-date=23 December 2014|website=HotNews|location=[[Bucharest]]|language=ro-RO}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi the end o 2004, Jetix stairted tae completely replace global ''Fox Kids''-brandit channels, wi the first o thaim bein the French version in August 2004&lt;ref name=&quot;brcl2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=20 August 2004|title=Fox Kids Europe becomes Jetix to appeal to boys|url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/220094/Fox-Kids-Europe-becomes-Jetix-appeal-boys/?HAYILC=RELATED|access-date=23 March 2012|website=Brand Republic}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; an the last yin bein the German version in Juin 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 December 2006|title=Jetix Europe Financials|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019095445/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/pdf/financials/1046---PDF.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2014|access-date=11 January 2022|website=[[Jetix Europe]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The netwirk's successor, Disney XD, lenchit on the 13t Februar 2009, an featurs heavier emphasis on live-action programs.
** '''Jetix Play''' wis the sister channel tae Jetix an awnt bi its dedicatit company Jetix Europe thit wis braidcast in a wee nummer o regions, sic as Central and Eastern Europe an the [[Middle East]]. The channel wis offeecially pit oot on Januar 1, 2005, an wis available for 12 oor a day frae 6 A.M. til 6 P.M.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 January 2005|title=Jetix Annual Review Report and Financial Statements 2006 PDF|url=http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330105233/http://www.jetixeurope.com/site/investor_relations/annual_report/2006/pdf/JETIXRA2006web.pdf|archive-date=30 March 2007|access-date=23 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jetix Play wis aimed at a younger audience nor the main Jetix channel an mainly shawed archived programmin frae the catalogues o ''BVS Entertainment'' (Umwhile kent as ''Saban Entertainment'') an Fox Kids Europe. Jetix Play wis replaced wi Playhouse Disney an later on Disney Jr. in maist regions bi 2010.
* '''Radio Disney''' wis a radio netwirk aimed thewarts music programming is oriented thewarts childer, pre-teens an teenagers. Lenched on November 18, 1996, the netwirk focused mainly on current hit music an placed a heivy emphasis on talents thit signed with ''Walt Disney Records'' an/or ''Hollywood Records'', the twa record label o ''Disney Music Group''. On the 3rd Disember 2020, the Walt Disney Company annooncit its closure in first quarter o 2021 durin the company's restructurin acteevities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney Shutting Down Amid Restructuring|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114051629/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/radio-disney-shutting-down-amid-restructuring-4099864/|archive-date=14 January 2022|access-date=14 January 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Low|first=Elaine|date=2020-12-03|title=Radio Disney, Radio Disney Country to End Operations in Early 2021|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217182129/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/radio-disney-shut-down-operations-early-2021-1234845630/|archive-date=17 February 2021|access-date=14 January 2022|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the 14t Apryle 2021, its feeds ceased halely whan its last remeenin terrestrial station wis chynged tae a simulcast o KSPN.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot; /&gt;

=== Production studios ===

==== Disney Television Animation ====
Kent an aw bi its trade name, &quot;'''Disney Channel Animation'''&quot;, it is the television animation production studio diveesion o the Walt Disney Studios an based in Glendale, California, providin oreeginal animatit programmin for the three main Disney-brandit television channels.

==== It's a Laugh Productions ====
A live-action production studio based in Studio City, Los Angeles, [[California]], thit provides oreeginal sitcoms an comedy programs mainly for Disney Channel. In magure bein the prime production soorce o Disney Channel programmss, mony o its projects are still co-produced an financed bi [[the Walt Disney Company]].

==== Walt Disney EMEA Productions ====
'''Walt Disney EMEA Productions Limited''' is the netwirk's European production studio locatit in [[London|Lunnon]], Ingland, thit co-produces oreeginal programs ben Europe alangside ither companies.

==== Disney Original Documentary ====
'''Disney Original Documentary''' is a banner frae Disney Branded Television for documentary-based programs braidcast on Disney Channel an pit oot on Disney+ that wis lenched on the 9t Disember 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=9 December 2021|title=Disney Branded Television Acquires Doc Short 'Sophie &amp; The Baron' As First Title Under Newly Formed Disney Original Documentary Banner|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901015620/https://deadline.com/2021/12/sophie-the-baron-disney-branded-television-acquires-documentary-short-1234887454/|archive-date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Media ==

=== Video gemmes ===
In 2010, ''Disney Channel All Star Party'' wis lowsed for the [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Disney Channel All Star Party|work=[[IGN]]|url=https://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710121326/http://www.ign.com/games/disney-channel-all-star-party/wii-78798|archive-date=10 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fower-player mascot pairty gemm, whaur the stages resemble board gemmes, featurs chairacters frae Disney Channel programs sic as ''Sonny with a Chance'', ''Wizards of Waverly Place'', an ''JONAS L.A.'' Several video gemms based on the Disney Channel animatit series ''Phineas and Ferb'' war lowsed bi ''Disney Interactive Studios''. The Disney Channel wabsteid featurt various Flash gemms an aw, incorporatin chairacters frae the channel's various program franchises, includin ''[[Kim Possible]]'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]''.

== Internaitional ==
Disney Channel haes established presence in various regions across the Americas, maist o Europe, the Middle East, Africa, [[Indie]], an [[Japan]]. Channel versions/feeds war available or uised tae exist in [[Austrailie|Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[Italy]], the Breetish Isles, Sootheast Asie, [[Hong Kong]], [[Sooth Korea]], [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], [[Spainie]] an [[Brazil]] an aw, but ceased braidcastin frae the early 2020s, wi maist content muivin tae ''Disney+'' or ''Disney+ Hotstar'' efter thair lenches in thae kintras/regions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=Walt Disney to shut down 100 TV channels in 2021: Bob Chapek|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041954/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/walt-disney-to-shut-down-100-tv-channels-in-2021-bob-chapek-113153.html|archive-date=20 May 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|website=Exchange4Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=2023-06-14|title=Disney to Close Remaining Linear TV Channels in Southeast Asia and Korea|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-closing-tv-channels-southeast-asia-korea-1235643667/|access-date=2024-06-02|website=Variety|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On the 14t Disember 2022, Disney ceased its distreebution o programs in [[Roushie|Rousie]] in respone tae the ongang Russian invasion of Ukraine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel Russia To Stop Broadcasting December 14th|url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203131141/https://www.laughingplace.com/w/news/2022/12/02/disney-channel-russia-shutdown/|archive-date=3 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-03|website=LaughingPlace.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-12-02|title=Disney Channel to stop broadcasting in Russia from Dec. 14 - Kommersant|language=en|work=Reuters|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203050950/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/disney-channel-stop-broadcasting-russia-dec-14-kommersant-2022-12-02/|archive-date=3 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 2, 2022|title=Улетает наш ласковый Микки|trans-title=Our affectionate Mickey is flying away!|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320182819/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5705386|archive-date=March 20, 2023|access-date=December 3, 2022|website=Kommersant|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Russia's Media1 and Disney Channel dissolve their joint-venture|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214134331/https://kidscreen.com/2022/12/13/russias-media1-and-disney-channel-dissolve-their-joint-venture/|archive-date=14 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Disney Channel licenses its programmin tae air on certain ither braidcast an cable channels ootside the Unitit States (umwhile includin ''Family Channel'' in Canada), regairdless o whather or no a localised channel feed awready exists in that kintra.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stub/Televeesion}}

[[Category:1983 establishments]]
[[Category:Televeesion networks]]</text>
      <sha1>rozhodkb75brl35193fqbc3q0pynrwy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Warsaw</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5629</id>
    <revision>
      <id>922753</id>
      <parentid>922588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T23:09:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>updated population section using the English wikipedia article Warsaw</comment>
      <origin>922753</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12744" sha1="dtqf3tpcmc0dkb2ou39mq6ph5uz1jqq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name =Warsaw
|official_name=Caipital Ceety o Warsaw&lt;br /&gt; ''Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa'' |native_name=''Warszawa''
|motto =''Semper invicta''{{spaces|2}}&lt;small&gt;([[Laitin]] &quot; Iver Invincible&quot;)&lt;/small&gt;
| image_skyline = {{nowrap|&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warsaw panorama.png|269px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Pałac Na Wyspie w Warszawie, widok na elewację południową.jpg|133px]] &lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Kamienica Kestnerów w Warszawie 05.JPG|133px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warszawa, ul. Nowy Świat 72-74 20170517 004.jpg|133px]] &lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warszawa, Rynek Starego Miasta 42-34 20170518 001.jpg|133px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warszawa, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 87, 89 20170516 003.jpg|133px]] &lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Poland-00808 - Castle Square (31215382745).jpg|133px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Wilanów Palace.jpg|269px]]&lt;!--
--&gt;}}

| image_caption = {{hlist|Frae top, left tae richt: [[Panorama|Warsaw Skyline]]|[[Ryal Baths Park]]|[[Krakowskie Przedmieście|Royal Route]]|[[Staszic Palace]] an [[Nicolaus Copernicus Monument, Warsaw|Copernicus Monument]]|[[Warsaw Auld Toun]]|[[Castle Squerr, Warsaw|Castle Squerr]]|[[Royal Castle, Warsaw|Ryal Castle]]|[[Wilanów Palace]]}}
|imagesize =250px
|image_flag =Flag of Warsaw.svg
|image_shield=Coat of arms of Warsaw.svg
|pushpin_map=Poland
|pushpin_label_position=bottom
|subdivision_type=Kintra
|subdivision_name={{flag|Poland}}
|subdivision_type1=[[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]]
|subdivision_name1=[[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]]
|subdivision_type2=[[Powiat|Coonty]]
|subdivision_name2=''ceety coonty''
|parts =18 [[dzielnica]]s
|p1=[[Bemowo]] |p2=[[Białołęka]] |p3=[[Bielany]] |p4=[[Mokotów]] |p5=[[Ochota]] |p6=[[Praga Północ|Praga North]] |p7=[[Praga Południe|Praga South]] |p8=[[Rembertów]] |p9=[[Śródmieście, Warsaw|Śródmieście]] |p10=[[Targówek]] |p11=[[Ursus, Warsaw|Ursus]] |p12=[[Ursynów]] |p13=[[Wawer]] |p14=[[Wesoła]] |p15=[[Wilanów]] |p16=[[Włochy]] |p17=[[Wola]] |p18=[[Żoliborz]]
|leader_title=[[Leet o mayors o Warsaw|Preses]]
|leader_name=[[Rafał Trzaskowski]]
|leader_party=[[Civic Platform|PO]]
|established_title=Ceety richts
|established_date=turn o the 12t tae 13t century
|area_total_km2=517.24
|area_metro_km2=6100.43
| population_total        = {{increase}} 1,866,729&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2025. As of 31 December (table IV)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2025-as-of-31-december,3,39.html|publisher=[[Statistics Poland]]|date=2026-04-29|access-date=2026-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 31 December 2025
| population_density_km2  = 3500
| population_urban        = 2028000
|population_urban_footnotes=&lt;ref name=Demographia&gt;{{citation|title=Demographia World Urban Areas 19th Annual: 2023 08|url=https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|website=demographia.com|access-date=23 February 2025|archive-date=5 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805030244/https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro        = 3269510
|population_metro_footnotes=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_R_D2JAN/default/table?lang=en |title=Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |access-date=29 February 2024 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225221435/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_d2jan/default/table?lang=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_metro_km2 = 509.1
| population_rank         = [[List of cities and towns in Poland|1st in Poland]] &lt;br/&gt;[[List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits|7th in European Union]]  
|population_demonym=Varsovian
|timezone =[[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset =+1
|timezone_DST=[[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+2
|coordinates = {{coord|52|13|56.28|N|21|00|30.36|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m=78–116
|elevation_ft=328
|postal_code_type=Postal code
|postal_code=00-001 to 04–999
|area_code =+48 22
|website ={{Plain link|http://www.um.warszawa.pl|warszawa.pl}}
|blank_name =[[Vehicle registration plates o Poland|Caur plates]]
|blank_info =WA, WB, WD, WE, WF, WH, WI, WJ, WK, WN, WT, WU, WW, WX, WY
}}

'''Warsaw''' ([[Pols leid|Pols]]: ''Warszawa'') haes been the caipital ceity o [[Poland]] syne 1596 an is its biggest ceity. 
It is in the central pairt o [[Poland]], an is the hame o the [[Polish Pairlament]]. Aboot 1,700,000 fowk bides in Warsaw.

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Poland}}

=== Twin touns - Sister ceeties ===
Warsaw is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref name=&quot;Warsaw&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date=4 May 2005 |accessdate=29 August 2008 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{|style=&quot;width: 65%; align:top&quot;
|-
|valign=top|
*{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Astana]] in [[Kazakhstan]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2002)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] in [[Thailand]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2010)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]] in [[Germany]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1991)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|title=Berlin's international city relations|publisher=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=1 July 2009|archive-date=2008-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822100321/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]] in [[Hungary]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2005)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Coventry]] in [[Ingland]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1957)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]] in [[Unitit States]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1960)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Düsseldorf]] in [[Germany]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1989)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |title=Twin Towns |publisher=www.amazingdusseldorf.com |accessdate=29 October 2009 |archive-date=2014-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017104519/http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Grozny]] in [[Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1997)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[The Hague]] in [[Netherlands]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1991)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hamamatsu]] in [[Japan]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1990)''&lt;/small&gt;
|valign=top|
*{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]] in [[Vietnam]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2000)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Harbin]] in [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1993)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]] in [[Fraunce]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1990)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]] in [[Turkey]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1991)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=8 September 2007|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=3 November 2003|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]] in [[Ukraine]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1994)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]] in [[Spain]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1981)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;madridsister&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas | publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | url = http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=especial1&amp;idContenido=508c7aefd9b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD Madrid city council webpage}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Russia}}  [[Moscow]] in [[Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1993)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]] in [[Norrowey]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2005)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Oslo&quot;&gt;[http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/  Partners - Oslo kommune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102135652/http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/ |date=2009-01-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]] in [[Fraunce]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1999)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Brazil]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1997)''&lt;/small&gt;
|valign=top|
*{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Riga]] in [[Latvie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2002)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name='&quot;Riga&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |title=Twin cities of Riga |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |accessdate=27 July 2009 |archive-date=2008-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204021323/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Étienne]] in [[Fraunce]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1995)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg|St.&amp;nbsp;Petersburg]] in [[Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1997)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties  |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |archive-date=12 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012051131/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[San Diego]] in [[Unitit States]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1960)''&lt;ref name=&quot;San Diego&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Online Directory:  California, USA |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/CA |publisher=[[Sister Cities International]] |accessdate=22 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116164532/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/CA |archivedate=2008-01-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]] in [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1996)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities|access-date=2010-12-17|archive-date=2007-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]] in [[Republic o Cheenae|Taiwan]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1995)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc Sister city list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023801/http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc |date=2014-04-10 }} (.DOC)&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]] in [[Israel]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1992)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp |title=Tel Aviv sister cities |accessdate=14 July 2009 |publisher=Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality |language=Hebrew |archive-date=2009-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214183503/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Toronto]] in [[Canadae]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1990)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]] in [[Austrick]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2001)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Vilnius]] in [[Lithuanie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1998)''&lt;/small&gt;
|}

References - ceety's offeecial site&lt;ref&gt;{{pl icon}} {{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date=4 May 2005 |accessdate=29 August 2008 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Warsaw| ]]&lt;!--leave the empty space as standard--&gt;
[[Category:Caipitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Masovie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Ceety coonties o Poland]]
[[Category:Siller Crosses o the Virtuti Militari]]</text>
      <sha1>dtqf3tpcmc0dkb2ou39mq6ph5uz1jqq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>922754</id>
      <parentid>922753</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T23:11:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>updated</comment>
      <origin>922754</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12744" sha1="906uo9nktiq2182hhylufxq2o2k14jt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name =Warsaw
|official_name=Caipital Ceety o Warsaw&lt;br /&gt; ''Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa'' |native_name=''Warszawa''
|motto =''Semper invicta''{{spaces|2}}&lt;small&gt;([[Laitin]] &quot; Iver Invincible&quot;)&lt;/small&gt;
| image_skyline = {{nowrap|&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warsaw panorama.png|269px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Pałac Na Wyspie w Warszawie, widok na elewację południową.jpg|133px]] &lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Kamienica Kestnerów w Warszawie 05.JPG|133px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warszawa, ul. Nowy Świat 72-74 20170517 004.jpg|133px]] &lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warszawa, Rynek Starego Miasta 42-34 20170518 001.jpg|133px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Warszawa, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 87, 89 20170516 003.jpg|133px]] &lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Poland-00808 - Castle Square (31215382745).jpg|133px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;[[File:Wilanów Palace.jpg|269px]]&lt;!--
--&gt;}}

| image_caption = {{hlist|Frae top, left tae richt: [[Panorama|Warsaw Skyline]]|[[Ryal Baths Park]]|[[Krakowskie Przedmieście|Royal Route]]|[[Staszic Palace]] an [[Nicolaus Copernicus Monument, Warsaw|Copernicus Monument]]|[[Warsaw Auld Toun]]|[[Castle Squerr, Warsaw|Castle Squerr]]|[[Royal Castle, Warsaw|Ryal Castle]]|[[Wilanów Palace]]}}
|imagesize =250px
|image_flag =Flag of Warsaw.svg
|image_shield=Coat of arms of Warsaw.svg
|pushpin_map=Poland
|pushpin_label_position=bottom
|subdivision_type=Kintra
|subdivision_name={{flag|Poland}}
|subdivision_type1=[[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]]
|subdivision_name1=[[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]]
|subdivision_type2=[[Powiat|Coonty]]
|subdivision_name2=''ceety coonty''
|parts =18 [[dzielnica]]s
|p1=[[Bemowo]] |p2=[[Białołęka]] |p3=[[Bielany]] |p4=[[Mokotów]] |p5=[[Ochota]] |p6=[[Praga Północ|Praga North]] |p7=[[Praga Południe|Praga South]] |p8=[[Rembertów]] |p9=[[Śródmieście, Warsaw|Śródmieście]] |p10=[[Targówek]] |p11=[[Ursus, Warsaw|Ursus]] |p12=[[Ursynów]] |p13=[[Wawer]] |p14=[[Wesoła]] |p15=[[Wilanów]] |p16=[[Włochy]] |p17=[[Wola]] |p18=[[Żoliborz]]
|leader_title=[[Leet o mayors o Warsaw|Preses]]
|leader_name=[[Rafał Trzaskowski]]
|leader_party=[[Civic Platform|PO]]
|established_title=Ceety richts
|established_date=turn o the 12t tae 13t century
|area_total_km2=517.24
|area_metro_km2=6100.43
| population_total        = {{increase}} 1,866,729&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2025. As of 31 December (table IV)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2025-as-of-31-december,3,39.html|publisher=[[Statistics Poland]]|date=2026-04-29|access-date=2026-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 31 December 2025
| population_density_km2  = 3500
| population_urban        = 2028000
|population_urban_footnotes=&lt;ref name=Demographia&gt;{{citation|title=Demographia World Urban Areas 19th Annual: 2023 08|url=https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|website=demographia.com|access-date=23 February 2025|archive-date=5 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805030244/https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro        = 3269510
|population_metro_footnotes=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_R_D2JAN/default/table?lang=en |title=Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |access-date=29 February 2024 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225221435/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_d2jan/default/table?lang=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_metro_km2 = 509.1
| population_rank         = [[List of cities and towns in Poland|1st in Poland]] &lt;br/&gt;[[List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits|7th in European Union]]  
|population_demonym=Varsovian
|timezone =[[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset =+1
|timezone_DST=[[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+2
|coordinates = {{coord|52|13|56.28|N|21|00|30.36|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m=78–116
|elevation_ft=328
|postal_code_type=Postal code
|postal_code=00-001 to 04–999
|area_code =+48 22
|website ={{Plain link|http://www.um.warszawa.pl|warszawa.pl}}
|blank_name =[[Vehicle registration plates o Poland|Caur plates]]
|blank_info =WA, WB, WD, WE, WF, WH, WI, WJ, WK, WN, WT, WU, WW, WX, WY
}}

'''Warsaw''' ([[Pols leid|Pols]]: ''Warszawa'') haes been the caipital ceity o [[Poland]] syne 1596 an is its biggest ceity. 
It is in the central pairt o [[Poland]], an is the hame o the [[Polish Pairlament]]. Aboot 1,866,000 fowk bides in Warsaw.

== Internaitional relations ==
{{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Poland}}

=== Twin touns - Sister ceeties ===
Warsaw is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:&lt;ref name=&quot;Warsaw&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date=4 May 2005 |accessdate=29 August 2008 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{|style=&quot;width: 65%; align:top&quot;
|-
|valign=top|
*{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Astana]] in [[Kazakhstan]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2002)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] in [[Thailand]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2010)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]] in [[Germany]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1991)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|title=Berlin's international city relations|publisher=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=1 July 2009|archive-date=2008-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822100321/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]] in [[Hungary]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2005)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Coventry]] in [[Ingland]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1957)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]] in [[Unitit States]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1960)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Düsseldorf]] in [[Germany]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1989)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |title=Twin Towns |publisher=www.amazingdusseldorf.com |accessdate=29 October 2009 |archive-date=2014-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017104519/http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Grozny]] in [[Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1997)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[The Hague]] in [[Netherlands]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1991)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hamamatsu]] in [[Japan]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1990)''&lt;/small&gt;
|valign=top|
*{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]] in [[Vietnam]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2000)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Harbin]] in [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1993)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]] in [[Fraunce]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1990)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]] in [[Turkey]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1991)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=8 September 2007|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=3 November 2003|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]] in [[Ukraine]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1994)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]] in [[Spain]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1981)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;madridsister&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas | publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | url = http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=especial1&amp;idContenido=508c7aefd9b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD Madrid city council webpage}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Russia}}  [[Moscow]] in [[Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1993)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]] in [[Norrowey]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2005)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Oslo&quot;&gt;[http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/  Partners - Oslo kommune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102135652/http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/ |date=2009-01-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]] in [[Fraunce]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1999)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]] in [[Brazil]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1997)''&lt;/small&gt;
|valign=top|
*{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Riga]] in [[Latvie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2002)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name='&quot;Riga&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |title=Twin cities of Riga |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |accessdate=27 July 2009 |archive-date=2008-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204021323/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Étienne]] in [[Fraunce]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1995)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg|St.&amp;nbsp;Petersburg]] in [[Roushie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1997)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties  |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |archive-date=12 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012051131/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[San Diego]] in [[Unitit States]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1960)''&lt;ref name=&quot;San Diego&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Online Directory:  California, USA |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/CA |publisher=[[Sister Cities International]] |accessdate=22 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116164532/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/CA |archivedate=2008-01-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]] in [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1996)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities|access-date=2010-12-17|archive-date=2007-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]] in [[Republic o Cheenae|Taiwan]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1995)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc Sister city list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023801/http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc |date=2014-04-10 }} (.DOC)&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]] in [[Israel]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1992)''&lt;ref name=&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp |title=Tel Aviv sister cities |accessdate=14 July 2009 |publisher=Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality |language=Hebrew |archive-date=2009-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214183503/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Toronto]] in [[Canadae]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1990)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]] in [[Austrick]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 2001)''&lt;/small&gt;
*{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Vilnius]] in [[Lithuanie]] &lt;small&gt;''(syne 1998)''&lt;/small&gt;
|}

References - ceety's offeecial site&lt;ref&gt;{{pl icon}} {{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date=4 May 2005 |accessdate=29 August 2008 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&amp;ak_id=3284&amp;kat=11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Warsaw| ]]&lt;!--leave the empty space as standard--&gt;
[[Category:Caipitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Masovie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Ceety coonties o Poland]]
[[Category:Siller Crosses o the Virtuti Militari]]</text>
      <sha1>906uo9nktiq2182hhylufxq2o2k14jt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kenyae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>922752</id>
      <parentid>922736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T23:01:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>replaced reference</comment>
      <origin>922752</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9134" sha1="i58pi5qq4jw3bpdj00psvq5vfhz2q42" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|1|N|38|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic o Kenyae
|common_name = Kenyae
|native_name = ''Jamhuri ya Kenya'' {{nobold|&lt;small&gt;([[Swauheely leid|Kiswahili]])&lt;/small&gt;}}
|image_flag = Flag of Kenya.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg
|national_motto = &quot;[[Harambee]]&quot; &lt;small&gt;(Kiswahili)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Let us aw pull thegither&quot;}}
|national_anthem = ''[[Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''O God o aw creaution''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Kenya, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]&lt;/center&gt;
|image_map = Location Kenya AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=dark blue|region=the [[African Union]]|region_color=light blue}}
|image_map2 = Kenya - Location Map (2013) - KEN - UNOCHA.svg
|capital = [[Nairobi]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|1|16|S|36|48|E|type:city}}
|largest_city = [[Nairobi]] 
|official_languages = {{hlist |[[Inglis leid|Inglis]]|[[Swauheely leid|Kiswahili]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conlang&quot;&gt;Constitution (2009) Art. 7 [National, official and other languages] &quot;(1) The national language of the Republic is Kiswahili. (2) The official languages of the Republic are Kiswahili and English. (3) The State shall–-–- (a) promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya; and (b) promote the development and use of indigenous languages, Kenyan Sign language, Braille and other communication formats and technologies accessible to persons with disabilities.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|languages_type = [[Naitional leid]]
|languages = [[Swahili leid|Kiswahili]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Conlang&quot;/&gt;
|ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
 | 17.13% [[Kikuyu fowk|Kikuyu]]
 | 14.35% [[Luhya fowk|Luhya]]
 | 13.37% [[Kalenjin fowk|Kalenjin]]
 | 10.65% [[Luo fowk o Kenyae an Tanzanie|Luo]]
 |  9.81% [[Kamba fowk|Kamba]]
 |  5.85% [[Somali fowk|Somali]]
 |  5.68% [[Kisii fowk|Kisii]]
 |  5.23% [[Mijikenda fowk|Mijikenda]]
 |  4.15% [[Meru fowk|Meru]]
 | 13.78% ithers
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2019 census&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2019-Kenya-population-and-Housing-Census-Volume-4-Distribution-of-Population-by-Socio-Economic-Characteristics.pdf|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics|work=www.knbs.org.ke|access-date=16 September 2026|page=436}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|demonym = [[Demografics o Kenyae|Kenyan]]
|religion =
|government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Presidential seestem|presidential]] [[Constitution o Kenyae|constitutional]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Preses o Kenyae|Preses]]
|leader_name1 =  [[William Ruto]]
|leader_title2 = [[Depute Preses o Kenyae|Depute Preses]]
|leader_name2 =  [[Kithure Kindiki]]
|leader_title3 = [[Senate o Kenyae|Speaker o the Senate]]
|leader_name3 =  [[Amason Kingi]]
|leader_title4 = [[Speaker o the Naitional Assemmly o Kenyae|Speaker o the Naitional Assemmly]]
|leader_name4 =  [[Moses Wetangula]]
|leader_title5 = [[Chief Juistice o Kenyae|Chief Juistice]]
|leader_name5 =  [[Martha Koeme]]
|leader_title6 = [[Attorney General o Kenyae|Attorney General]]
|leader_name6 =  [[Dorcas Oduor]]
|legislature = [[Pairlament o Kenyae|Pairlament]]
|upper_house = [[Senate o Kenyae|Senate]]
|lower_house = [[Naitional Assemmly (Kenyae)|Naitional Assemmly]]
|sovereignty_type = Unthirldom
|established_event1 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
|established_date1 = 12 December 1963
|established_event2 = Republic declared
|established_date2 = 12 December 1964
|area_km2 = 580,367
|area_footnote = &lt;ref name=&quot;unstats08&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf|format=PDF|title=Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|year=2012|accessdate=4 September 2017}} http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_rank = 48t &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
|area_sq_mi = 224,960 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 2.3
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 54,227,015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/|title=The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics|website=The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=23 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2026
| population_estimate_rank = 26th
| population_census      = 47,564,296&lt;ref name=&quot;KNBS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2019 |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Results |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=5621 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113183948/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=5621 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_rank = 
| population_census_year = 2019
| population_density_km2 = 82
| population_density_sq_mi = auto&lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 124th
|GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$430.22 billion&lt;ref name=Kenya&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/KEN |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 Edition. (Kenya) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=20 September 2025 |access-date= 20 September 2025|archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021001107/https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/KEN|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
|GDP_PPP_year = 2026
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,600&lt;ref name=Kenya/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $140.87 billion&lt;ref name=Kenya/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2018
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,600&lt;ref name=Kenya/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini = 38.5 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_year = 2022
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;GINI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2019 |title=Gini index |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=KE |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2026 |publisher=World Bank Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615030226/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=KE |archive-date=15 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank = 
|HDI = 0.628 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_year = 2023 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 143t
|currency = [[Kenyan shilling]]
|currency_code = KES
|time_zone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset = +3
|date_format = dd/mm/yy ([[Anno Domini|AD]])
|drives_on = caur
|calling_code = [[+254]]
|cctld = [[.ke]]
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
}}
[[File:Kenya, administrative divisions - en - colored.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization]]

'''Kenyae''', offeecially the '''Republic o Kenyae''' (pronoonced {{IPA-en|ˈkɛnjə|}}) is a kintra in [[East Africae]], made up o 42 different ethnic tribes.  Lyin alang the [[Indian Ocean]] tae its sootheast an at the [[equator]], Kenyae is bordered bi [[Somalie]] tae the northeast, [[Ethiopie]] tae the north, [[Sudan]] tae the northwast, [[Uganda]] tae the wast an [[Tanzanie]] tae the sooth. [[Lake Victoria]] is tae the soothwast an is shared atween Kenyae, [[Uganda]] an [[Tanzanie]]. Kenyae haes numerous wildlife reserves, containin thoosans o animal species. The caipital ceety is [[Nairobi]]. The kintra is named efter [[Munt Kenyae]], a significant landmark an seicont amang Africae's heichest muntain peaks.

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Nyeri.jpg|Nyeri
File:Skyline of Eldoret Facing West from Mups Plaza.jpg|Eldoret
File:Waterfall on the Thika River.jpg|Thika
File:Muranga County Office.jpg|Murang'a
File:Outrigger canoe in Kenya.jpg|Coast Province
File:Almond Resort, Garissa.jpg|Garisa/Garissa
File:Garissa downtown.jpg|Garisa/Garissa
File:Lodwar Kenya from hill2010.JPG|Lodwar
File:DSC00673 Kitale downtown 2019.jpg|Kitalé
File:Kenia-djoser2007-024.jpg|Narok
File:Narok-Bomet road , Kenya-near maasai mara game reserve.jpg|Bomet
File:Nanyuki main street.jpg|Nanyuki
File:Kapenguria Bible College.jpg|Kapenguria
File:Maralal.jpg|Maralal
File:CryingStone.jpg|Crying Stone
File:Busia 2018 07.jpg|Busia
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Kenya}}

[[Category:Kenyae| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Africae]]
[[Category:African Union member states]]
[[Category:Bantu kintras an territories]]

[[Category:East Africae]]
[[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:G15 naitions]]
[[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1963]]
[[Category:Swauheely-speakin kintras an territories]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dååth</title>
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      <text bytes="5565" sha1="f1h3p4fxdket6me9j0d8xmz7suzwe2q" xml:space="preserve">'''Dååth''', aften typeset as '''DÅÅTH''' an umwhile kent as '''Dirtnap''' or '''Dirt Nap''', is a [[hivy metal]] baund frae [[Atlanta]], [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]]. Their muisic incorporates styles such as [[thrash metal]], [[daith metal]], [[industrial metal]], an some traces o [[gypsy jazz]].

==History==
Dååth wis stairtit bi [[Eyal Levi]] an Mike Kameron, who had been playin in baunds syne they wur in middle schuil. The twa friends attendit [[Berklee College of Music]] in [[Boston]] but eventually left schuil tae concentrate full-time on makin money.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bennett |first=J. |year=2007 |month=April |title=Orchestral Maneuvers in the Extreme Dark |journal=Revolver |issue=55 |page=56 |publisher=Future US |issn=1527-408X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dååth's first album, ''[[Futility (album)|Futility]]'', was self-released in 2004. Their [[Roadrunner Records]] debut, ''[[The Hinderers]]'', wis released in Mairch 2007. They released twa muisic videos frae ''[[The Hinderers]]'', the first being &quot;Festival Mass Soulform,&quot; which wis creatit prior tae gettin signed, an helped them gain Roadrunner's interest. The seicont video, &quot;Subterfuge,&quot; wus released in Februar 2007.

In Mairch 2007, Dååth wis confirmed tae play at the seicont stage (rotatin slots) at [[Ozzfest]]. On 22 October 2007, [[blabbermouth.net]] reportit that live sangster Sean Farber haed left the baund. A few months later, on 28 Februar 2008, blabbermouth.net then reportit that Sean Zatorsky (who haed filled in after Sean Farber haed left) haed been named the new sangster. Apparently, Mike Kameron haes an aa left the baund, as his name is no mentioned on the offeecial Dååth myspace page onymair.

2007 an aa consistit o mair notable tours for Dååth. In Januar they toured the US wi [[Job For a Cowboy]], [[The Acacia Strain]], an [[Psyopus]]. In Ware, there wis a European run wi [[Unearth]] an Job for a Cowboy. That simmer featured no anerlie Ozzfest, but Summer Slaughter dates, a [[Dying Fetus]] tour, an various [[Devildriver]] affdates. Later on that faw Dååth toured the US an Canadae wi [[Dark Funeral]] an [[Naglfar]]. Tae end their tour for The Hinderers, Dååth performed three shows in Japan wi Zyklon.

The baund's third album ''[[The Concealers]]'' wis released on 21 Aprile 2009 by Century Media Records via pairtnership wi Roadrunner Records. Dååth released ane muisic video frae &quot;[[The Concealers]]&quot; which wis for the sang &quot;Day Of Endless Light.&quot; There wis a guid bit o tourin ahint &quot;[[The Concealers]]&quot; as well. In Ware o 2009 they toured in the US wi [[DragonForce]] an Cynic. They toured in the simmer in US an Canadae wi [[Goatwhore]] an [[Abigail Williams]]. That fall Dååth returned tae Europe wi [[Chimaira]], Unearth, an [[Throwdown]].

Durin the break atween the feenal tour for &quot;[[The Concealers]]&quot; album cycle an the writin sessions for the upcomin Dååth album, guitarists Levi, an Emil Werstler released an instrumental CD entitled &quot;[[Avalanche of Worms]].&quot; It wis released 20 Aprile 2010, via Magna Carta Records unner the airtist name &quot;Levi/Werstler.&quot; Sean Reinert frae Cynic (ex-Death) played the drums on it.

Dååth released their fowert studio album in October 2010 via Century Media Records.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Daath: New Album Art|url=http://www.metalcallout.com/metal-news/daath-new-album-art.html|publisher=''[[Metal CallOut]]''|accessdate=2010-09-13|archive-date=2023-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721204438/https://www.metalcallout.com/metal-news/daath-new-album-art.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Members==
===Current members===
* Sean Zatorsky - [[singin|vocals]] (2008-present)
* [[Eyal Levi]] – [[electric guitar|guitar]]
* Jeremy Creamer – [[bass guitar]]
* Emil Werstler – guitar
* [[Kevin Talley]] – [[drum kit|drums]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/daath/index.aspx?PageNum=2 |title=Roadrunner Records&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011073344/http://roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Daath/index.aspx?PageNum=2 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Umwhile members===
* Sean Farber - vocals 2007 - 2008
* Mike Kameron - keybuird, seenth, additional vocals 2003 - 2008
* Matthew Ellis - drums

==Discography==

===Studio albums===
* ''[[Futility (album)|Futility]]'' (2004)
* ''[[The Hinderers]]'' (2007)
* ''[[The Concealers]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Dååth (album)|Dååth]]'' (2010)

===Extended Plays===
* ''Dead on the Dance Floor'' (EP) (2007)

===Videography===
* &quot;[http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Daath/showVideo.aspx?fileID=2142 Festival Mass Soulform] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012133316/http://roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Daath/showVideo.aspx?fileID=2142 |date=2007-10-12 }}&quot; - released January 25, 2007
* &quot;[http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Daath/showVideo.aspx?fileID=2207 Subterfuge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012133336/http://roadrunnerrecords.com/artists/Daath/showVideo.aspx?fileID=2207 |date=2007-10-12 }}&quot; - released February 28, 2007
* &quot;[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn_aQwQUs2M Day Of Endless Light ]&quot; - released 3 Julie 2009

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daath}}
[[Category:2000s muisic groups]]
[[Category:2010s muisic groups]]
[[Category:American daith metal muisical groups]]
[[Category:Hivy metal muisical groups frae Georgie (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Roadrunner Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisical groups established in 2003]]
[[Category:Muisical quintets]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Illinois</title>
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      <text bytes="11029" sha1="rdi71xnwjwhhoksfz6jbm70fvhsyxj0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state
| official_name =  Illinois
| image_flag = Flag of Illinois.svg
| name = Illinois
| image_seal = Seal of Illinois.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Illinois
| nickname = Land of Lincoln, Prairie State
| motto = ''State Sovereignty, National Union''
|anthem = &quot;[[Illinois (state sang)|Illinois]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Illinois MarchingIllini.mp3|center]]
| image_map = Illinois in United States.svg
| OfficialLang = Inglis&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=(5 ILCS 460/20) (from Ch. 1, par. 2901‑20) State Designations Act|url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=132&amp;ChapAct=5%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B460%2F&amp;ChapterID=2&amp;ChapterName=GENERAL+PROVISIONS&amp;ActName=State+Designations+Act%2E|website=Illinois Compiled Statutes|publisher=Illinois General Assembly|location=Springfield, Illinois|date=September 4, 1991|accessdate=April 10, 2009|quote=Sec. 20. Official language. The official language of the State of Illinois is English.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305053414/http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=132&amp;ChapAct=5%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B460%2F&amp;ChapterID=2&amp;ChapterName=GENERAL+PROVISIONS&amp;ActName=State+Designations+Act%2E|archive-date=March 5, 2009|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Languages = Inglis (80.8%) &lt;br /&gt;Spaingie (14.9%)&lt;br /&gt;Ither (5.1%)
| population_demonym = [[Leet o U.S. state residents names|Illinoisan]]
| LargestCity = [[Chicago]]
| seat = [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]]
| LargestMetro = [[Chicago metropolitan aurie]]
| area_rank = 25th
| area_total_sq_mi = 57,915

| area_total_km2 = 149,997
| width_mi = 210
| width_km = 338
| length_mi = 390
| length_km = 628
| area_water_percent = 3.99
| Latitude = 36° 58′ N tae 42° 30′ N
| Longitude = 87° 30′ W tae 91° 31′ W
| population_rank = 6t
| population_as_of = 2019
| 2010Pop = 12,671,821&lt;ref name=PopHousingEst&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/IL,US/PST045219|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |date=January 29, 2020|access-date=January 30, 2020|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $62,992 (2017)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091007/http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 2000DensityUS = 232
| 2000Density = 89.4
| population_density_rank = 12t
| IncomeRank = 17t
| elevation_max_point = [[Charles Mound]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite ngs|id=NJ0855|designation=Charles|accessdate=October 20, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=USGS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102003514/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=November 2, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88&gt;Elevation adjuistit tae [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| elevation_max_ft = 1235
| elevation_max_m = 376.4
| elevation_ft = 600
| elevation_m = 180
| elevation_min_point = Confluence o [[Mississippi River]] an [[Ohio River]]&lt;ref name=USGS/&gt;&lt;ref name=NAVD88/&gt;
| elevation_min_m = 85
| elevation_min_ft = 280
| Former = Illinois Territory
| AdmittanceDate = December 3, 1818
| AdmittanceOrder = 21st
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[J. B. Pritzker]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Juliana Stratton]] (D)}}
| Legislature = [[Illinois General Assemmly]]
| Upperhouse = [[Illinois Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[Illinois Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]]
| Judiciary               = [[Supreme Coort o Illinois]]
| Senators = {{nowrap|[[Dick Durbin]] (D)}}&lt;br /&gt;{{nowrap|[[Tammy Duckworth]] (D)}}
| Representative = 13 Democrats &lt;br /&gt; 5 Republicans

| timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone (North Americae)|Central]]
| utc_offset1 = −06:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = −05:00

| iso_code = US-IL
| postal_code = IL
| TradAbbreviation = Ill.
| website = https://www2.illinois.gov/
| BorderingStates = [[Indiana]], [[Iowa]], [[Kentucky]], [[Missouri]], [[Wisconsin]]
| area_land_sq_mi = 55,593
| area_land_km2 = 143,969
| area_water_sq_mi = 2,320
| area_water_km2 = 5,981
}}
'''Illinois''' is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwastren United States|Midwastren region]] o the [[Unitit States]]. It is the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|6t-maist populous U.S. state]] an [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi aurie|25t-lairgest state in terms o laund area]], an is eften notit as a [[Macrocosm an microcosm|microcosm]] o the entire Unitit States.&lt;ref name=&quot;so&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Stephen|last=Ohlemacher|title=Analysis ranks Illinois most average state|url=http://www.southernillinoisan.com/articles/2007/05/17/top/20300809.txt|agency=Associated Press|publisher=The Southern Illinoisan|location=Carbondale, Illinois|date=May 17, 2007|accessdate=April 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi [[Chicago]] in the northeast, smaw industrial ceities an great [[agricultural productivity]] in northren an central Illinois, an [[naitural resoorce]]s sic as coal, timmer, an petroleum in the sooth, Illinois haes a diverse economic base, an is a major [[transportation hub]]. The [[Port o Chicago]] connects the state tae ither global ports aroond the warld frae the [[Great Lakes]], via the [[Saunt Lawrence Seaway]], tae the [[Atlantic Ocean]]; as werl as the [[Great Lochs]] tae the [[Mississippi River]], via the [[Illinois Watterwey]] on the [[Illinois River]]. The Mississippi River, the [[Ohio River]], an the [[Wabash River]] form pairts o the boondaries o Illinois. For decades, Chicago's [[O'Hare Internaitional Airport]] haes been rankit as ane o the warld's busiest airports. Illinois haes lang haed a reputation as a [[bellwether]] baith in [[Will it play in Peoria?|social an cultural terms]]&lt;ref name=&quot;so&quot; /&gt; an [[swing states|politics]].

The caipital o Illinois is [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] in central Illinois. Awtho the day, the state's lairgest population centre is in an aroond Chicago in the northeastren pairt o the state, the state's European population grew first in the wast, wi French that settled alang the [[Mississippi River]], an gae the area the name [[Illinois Kintra|''Illinois'' Kintra]]. Efter the [[American Revolutionary War]] established the Unitit States, American settlers begoud arrivin frae [[Kentucky]] in the 1780s via the Ohio River, an the population grew frae sooth tae north. In 1818, Illinois achieved [[Leet o U.S. states bi date o admission tae the Union|stateheid]]. Efter construction o the [[Erie Canal]] increased traffeck an tred throu the Great Lochs, Chicago wis foondit in the 1830s on the banks o the [[Chicago River]], at ane o the few naitural herbours on soothren [[Loch Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516035020/http://www.chipublib.org/digital/lake/CFDHarbor.html]&lt;/ref&gt; [[John Deere (inventor)|John Deere]]'s invention o the sel-scourin [[pleuch|steel pleuch]] turned Illinois's rich [[prairie]] intae some o the warld's maist productive an vailuable fermland, attractin [[immigrant]] fermers frae [[German American|Germany]] an [[Swadish American|Swaden]]. The [[Illinois an Michigan Canal]] (1848) made transportation atween the Great Lochs an the Mississippi River valley faster an cheaper. New railweys cairied immigrants tae new hames, as weel as bein uised tae ship commodity craps tae Eastren mercats. The state becam a transportation hub for the naition.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html|title=The Historical Development of Transportation in Illinois|last=Ryburn-LaMonte|first=Terri|date=1999|website=Illinois Periodicals Online|access-date=|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010220837/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi 1900, the growthe o industrial jobs in the northren ceities an [[coal]] minin in the central an soothren areas attractit immigrants frae [[Eastren Europe|Eastren]] an Soothren Europe. Illinois wis an important manufacturin centre in baith warld wars. The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] frae the Sooth established a [[History o African Americans in Chicago|lairge commonty]] o African Americans in the state, includin Chicago, that creatit the ceity's famous [[jazz]] an [[blues]] culturs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/665.html |title=Jazz |website=Encyclopedia of Chicago |accessdate=May 19, 2012 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504032657/http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/665.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/151.html|title=Blues|website=Encyclopedia of Chicago|accessdate=May 19, 2012|archive-date=2012-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517114028/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/151.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chicago, the centre o the [[Chicago Metropolitan Aurie]], becam a [[global ceety|global alpha-level city.]]

Three [[Preses o the Unitit States|U.S. preses]] hae been electit while leevin in Illinois: [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Ulysses S. Grant]], an [[Barack Obama]]. Addeetionally, [[Ronald Reagan]], that's poleetical career wis based in [[Californie]], wis born an raised in Illinois. The day, Illinois honours Lincoln wi its offeecial state slogan, ''Land of Lincoln'', that haes been displayed on its [[Vehicle registration plates o Illinois|nummer plates]] syne 1954.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/special/plate_history/start_history.html |title=The History of Illinois License Plates |publisher=Cyberdriveillinois.com |accessdate=February 15, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/symbols/slogan.html |title=Slogan |publisher=Museum.state.il.us |accessdate=February 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The state is the steid o the [[Abraham Lincoln Presidential Leebrar an Museum]], locatit in the state caipital o Springfield, an futur hame o the [[Barack Obama Presidential Centre]] in Chicago.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
;State govrenment
* [http://www.illinois.gov/ {{PAGENAME}} state govrenment wabsteid]

== Relatit information ==

{{Coord|display=title|40|N|89|W|region:US-IL_type:adm1st_scale:3000000}}

{{Navboxes
|title= [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics relatit tae {{PAGENAME}}
|state=off
|list1=&lt;/span&gt;
{{{{PAGENAME}}|expanded}}
{{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}}
{{Unitit States topics}}
}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Illinois| ]]
[[Category:States o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1818]]


{{Stub/USA}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkish Airlines</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5454" sha1="09dtwjmhbpq2emqv257crcyztk2nfag" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Airline
|airline        = Turkish Airlines&lt;br/&gt;''Türk Hava Yolları A.O.''
|image          = Turkish_Airlines_logo_2019_compact.svg
|image_size     = 250px
|IATA           = TK
|ICAO           = THY
|callsign       = TURKISH
|founded        = 20 Mey 1933
|hubs           =
*[[Istanbul Airport]]
|secondary_hubs =
*[[Sabiha Gökçen Internaitional Airport]]
|focus_cities   =
&lt;div&gt;
*{{nowrap|[[Adnan Menderes Airport]] }}
*[[Esenboğa Internaitional Airport]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|frequent_flyer = Miles&amp;Smiles
|lounge         = Turkish Airlines CIP Lounge
|alliance       = [[Star Alliance]]
|subsidiaries   =
*[[Anadolujet]] (100%)&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
*{{nowrap|{{nowrap|[http://www.thyteknik.com/ Turkish Technic]}} (100%)}}&lt;ref name=2013FS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://investor.turkishairlines.com/documents/ThyInvestorRelations/download/faaliyet_raporu/2013_12_aylik_faaliyet_raporu.pdf |title=FInancial Statements 2013 |publisher=Turkish Airlines |accessdate=7 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{nowrap|{{nowrap|[http://www.turkishhabom.com/ Turkish HABOM]}} (100%)}}&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
*{{nowrap| THY Aydın Çıldır Havalimanı İşletme A.Ş. (100%)}}&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|fleet_size     = 304
|destinations   = 280
|parent         =
|company_slogan = ''Widen Your World''
|headquarters   = [[Istanbul Atatürk Airport]],&lt;br&gt;[[Yeşilköy]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
|key_people     = &lt;div&gt;
*[[Temel Kotil]] &lt;small&gt;([[CEO]] &amp; President)&lt;/small&gt;
* Hamdi Topçu &lt;small&gt;(Chairman of the Board)&lt;/small&gt;
|revenue          = {{increase}} {{Turkish lira}} 18.78 billion &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|operating_income = {{decrease}} {{Turkish lira}} 1.48 billion  &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|net_income       = {{decrease}} {{Turkish lira}} 683 million &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|assets           = {{increase}} {{Turkish lira}} 25.4 billion &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|equity           = {{increase}} {{Turkish lira}} 6.96 billion &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|num_employees    = 18,882 &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;&lt;ref name=THYFACTSHEET&gt;{{cite web|url=http://investor.turkishairlines.com/documents/ThyInvestorRelations/download/icerikler/turkish_airlines_fact_sheet_eng_ver1.pdf |title=Turkish Airlines Fact Sheet |date=30 September 2013 |publisher=turkishairlines.com |accessdate=2013-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|website          = {{URL|http://www.turkishairlines.com/}}
}}

'''Turkish Javelin Broken Airlines''' ([[Turkis leid|Turkis]]: ''Türk Hava Yolları'') ({{imkb|THYAO}}) is the naitional [[flag carrier]] [[airline]] o [[Turkey]], heidquairtered at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grunds o [[IstanbulAirport]] in [[Arnavutköy (destrict)|Arnavutköy]], [[Istanbul]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.thy.com/en-INT/corporate/contact_us/index.aspx Contact Us].&quot; Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010. &quot;Turkish Airlines General Management Turkish Airlines General Management Building Atatürk Airport, Yesilkoy 34149 Istanbul Turkey&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.thy.com/images/Image/icerik/THY_Maps_EN.png Map].&quot; Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; It operates scheduled services tae 41 domestic an 206 internaitional airports in [[Europe]], [[Asie]], [[Africae]], an the [[Americas]]. Wi 315 destinations, the airline is the [[:en:World's largest airlines#By Number of Destinations|lairgest carrier]] in the warld bi nummer o destinations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkish Airlines&quot;&gt;{{cite press release |url=http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/turkish-airlines-launches-flights-to-rotterdam-today |title=Turkish Airlines again expands its network |publisher=Turkish Airlines |date=5 March 2014 |accessdate=2014-03-05 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084430/http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/turkish-airlines-launches-flights-to-rotterdam-today |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi [[Istanbul Atatürk Airport]] bein the main base, the Turkis carrier haes seicontar hubs at [[Esenboğa Internaitional Airport]], [[Sabiha Gökçen Internaitional Airport]], an [[Adnan Menderes Airport]]. THY haes been a member o the [[Star Alliance]] network syne 1 Apryle 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/turkish_airlines/# Turkish Airlines - Star Alliance]&lt;/ref&gt;

In Apryle 2010, &quot;TURKISH&quot; replacit &quot;TURKAIR&quot; as the new [[caw sign]] for Turkish Airlines.

Wi a operational fleet of nine [[cargo aircraft]], the airline's cargo division serves 47 destinations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/kargo/freigher.aspx |title=Turkish Cargo Destinations |publisher=turkishcargo.com.tr |accessdate=14 December 2013 |archive-date=2013-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127053657/http://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/kargo/freigher.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Turkish Airlines}}
* [http://www.turkishairlines.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]

[[Category:Turkish Airlines| ]]
[[Category:Turkis buists]]
[[Category:Airlines o Turkey]]
[[Category:IATA members]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 1956]]
[[Category:Association of European Airlines members]]
[[Category:Companies leetit on the Istanbul Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies based in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Bakırköy]]
[[Category:Star Alliance]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Turkey]]</text>
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      <comment>Revertit edit o ~2026-50161-60, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot</comment>
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      <text bytes="5439" sha1="b5ylswfvvqnku73g5ru7g540tli1j37" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Airline
|airline        = Turkish Airlines&lt;br/&gt;''Türk Hava Yolları A.O.''
|image          = Turkish_Airlines_logo_2019_compact.svg
|image_size     = 250px
|IATA           = TK
|ICAO           = THY
|callsign       = TURKISH
|founded        = 20 Mey 1933
|hubs           =
*[[Istanbul Airport]]
|secondary_hubs =
*[[Sabiha Gökçen Internaitional Airport]]
|focus_cities   =
&lt;div&gt;
*{{nowrap|[[Adnan Menderes Airport]] }}
*[[Esenboğa Internaitional Airport]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|frequent_flyer = Miles&amp;Smiles
|lounge         = Turkish Airlines CIP Lounge
|alliance       = [[Star Alliance]]
|subsidiaries   =
*[[Anadolujet]] (100%)&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
*{{nowrap|{{nowrap|[http://www.thyteknik.com/ Turkish Technic]}} (100%)}}&lt;ref name=2013FS&gt;{{cite web|url=http://investor.turkishairlines.com/documents/ThyInvestorRelations/download/faaliyet_raporu/2013_12_aylik_faaliyet_raporu.pdf |title=FInancial Statements 2013 |publisher=Turkish Airlines |accessdate=7 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{nowrap|{{nowrap|[http://www.turkishhabom.com/ Turkish HABOM]}} (100%)}}&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
*{{nowrap| THY Aydın Çıldır Havalimanı İşletme A.Ş. (100%)}}&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|fleet_size     = 304
|destinations   = 280
|parent         =
|company_slogan = ''Widen Your World''
|headquarters   = [[Istanbul Atatürk Airport]],&lt;br&gt;[[Yeşilköy]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
|key_people     = &lt;div&gt;
*[[Temel Kotil]] &lt;small&gt;([[CEO]] &amp; President)&lt;/small&gt;
* Hamdi Topçu &lt;small&gt;(Chairman of the Board)&lt;/small&gt;
|revenue          = {{increase}} {{Turkish lira}} 18.78 billion &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|operating_income = {{decrease}} {{Turkish lira}} 1.48 billion  &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|net_income       = {{decrease}} {{Turkish lira}} 683 million &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|assets           = {{increase}} {{Turkish lira}} 25.4 billion &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|equity           = {{increase}} {{Turkish lira}} 6.96 billion &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;
|num_employees    = 18,882 &lt;small&gt;(2013)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=2013FS/&gt;&lt;ref name=THYFACTSHEET&gt;{{cite web|url=http://investor.turkishairlines.com/documents/ThyInvestorRelations/download/icerikler/turkish_airlines_fact_sheet_eng_ver1.pdf |title=Turkish Airlines Fact Sheet |date=30 September 2013 |publisher=turkishairlines.com |accessdate=2013-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|website          = {{URL|http://www.turkishairlines.com/}}
}}

'''Turkish Airlines''' ([[Turkis leid|Turkis]]: ''Türk Hava Yolları'') ({{imkb|THYAO}}) is the naitional [[flag carrier]] [[airline]] o [[Turkey]], heidquairtered at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grunds o [[IstanbulAirport]] in [[Arnavutköy (destrict)|Arnavutköy]], [[Istanbul]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.thy.com/en-INT/corporate/contact_us/index.aspx Contact Us].&quot; Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010. &quot;Turkish Airlines General Management Turkish Airlines General Management Building Atatürk Airport, Yesilkoy 34149 Istanbul Turkey&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.thy.com/images/Image/icerik/THY_Maps_EN.png Map].&quot; Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; It operates scheduled services tae 41 domestic an 206 internaitional airports in [[Europe]], [[Asie]], [[Africae]], an the [[Americas]]. Wi 315 destinations, the airline is the [[:en:World's largest airlines#By Number of Destinations|lairgest carrier]] in the warld bi nummer o destinations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkish Airlines&quot;&gt;{{cite press release |url=http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/turkish-airlines-launches-flights-to-rotterdam-today |title=Turkish Airlines again expands its network |publisher=Turkish Airlines |date=5 March 2014 |accessdate=2014-03-05 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084430/http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/turkish-airlines-launches-flights-to-rotterdam-today |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi [[Istanbul Atatürk Airport]] bein the main base, the Turkis carrier haes seicontar hubs at [[Esenboğa Internaitional Airport]], [[Sabiha Gökçen Internaitional Airport]], an [[Adnan Menderes Airport]]. THY haes been a member o the [[Star Alliance]] network syne 1 Apryle 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/turkish_airlines/# Turkish Airlines - Star Alliance]&lt;/ref&gt;

In Apryle 2010, &quot;TURKISH&quot; replacit &quot;TURKAIR&quot; as the new [[caw sign]] for Turkish Airlines.

Wi a operational fleet of nine [[cargo aircraft]], the airline's cargo division serves 47 destinations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/kargo/freigher.aspx |title=Turkish Cargo Destinations |publisher=turkishcargo.com.tr |accessdate=14 December 2013 |archive-date=2013-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127053657/http://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/kargo/freigher.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Turkish Airlines}}
* [http://www.turkishairlines.com/ Offeecial wabsteid]

[[Category:Turkish Airlines| ]]
[[Category:Turkis buists]]
[[Category:Airlines o Turkey]]
[[Category:IATA members]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 1956]]
[[Category:Association of European Airlines members]]
[[Category:Companies leetit on the Istanbul Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies based in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Bakırköy]]
[[Category:Star Alliance]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Turkey]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Camenca Destrict</title>
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      <text bytes="6706" sha1="mck8nvbacwtvdblsghm9cev8lnm10fe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
 | official_name                  = Camenca
 | settlement_type                = Destrict (''Raion'')
 | image_skyline                  = 
 | image_caption                  = 
 | image_flag                     = 
 | flag_link                      = 
 | image_shield                   = 
 | shield_link                    = 
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 | subdivision_type               = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
 | subdivision_name               = {{flag|Transnistria}}
 | subdivision_type1              = 
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 | subdivision_type2              = 
 | subdivision_name2              = 
 | subdivision_type3              = Admeenistrative centre
 | subdivision_name3              = [[Camenca]]
 | government_footnotes           = 
 | government_type                = 
 | leader_party 	          = 
 | leader_title 	          = Heids o the State Admeenistration o the Camenca Destrict an the Camenca Ceety
 | leader_name 	                  = Natalya Isakova
 | leader_title1                  = 
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 | area_magnitude                 = 
 | area_total_km2                 = 434.5
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 | population_as_of 	          = 2010
 | population_footnotes           = 
 | population_total 	          = 24,363&lt;ref&gt;на 1.01.2010, в т.ч. городское население 9 404 чел. ([http://mepmr.org/zip/gss/soc.eco.razv.all.09.zip ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ СЛУЖБА СТАТИСТИКИ МИНИСТЕРСТВА ЭКОНОМИКИ ПРИДНЕСТРОВСКОЙ МОЛДАВСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ. СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ПРИДНЕСТРОВСКОЙ МОЛДАВСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ. 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102014901/http://mepmr.org/zip/gss/soc.eco.razv.all.09.zip |date=2013-11-02 }})&lt;/ref&gt;
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 | timezone         	          = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
 | utc_offset 	                  = +2
 | timezone_DST 	          = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
 | utc_offset_DST         	  = +3
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 | website                        = 
}}

'''Camenca Destrict''' is a destrict o [[Transnistrie]], [[Moldovae]]. Its seat is the toun o [[Camenca]] ({{lang-ro|Camenca}}; {{lang-ru|Каменка, Kamenka|italic=yes}}, {{lang-uk|Kamianka|italic=yes}}, {{lang-pl|Kamionka}}). The destrict conteens this toun an 12 communes (a total o 23 localities, includin the smaw velages/hamlets): 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  
|-----
|
: [[Camenca]]
:: ''Solnecinoe''{{space|4}}
|----
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  
|-----
|
: [[Caterinovca]]
:: ''Sadchi''
: [[Crasnîi Octeabri]]
:: ''Alexandrovca''{{space|4}}
: [[Cuzmin]]
:: ''Voitovca''
: [[Hristovaia]]
|
: [[Hruşca]]
:: ''Frunzăuca''{{space|4}}
: [[Ocniţa, Transnistrie|Ocniţa]]
: [[Podoima]]
:: ''Podoimiţa''
: [[Raşcov]]
:: ''Iantarnoe''
|
: [[Rotari, Transnistrie|Rotari]]
:: ''Bodeni''
:: ''Socolovca''
: [[Severinovca]]
: [[Slobozia-Raşcov]]
: [[Valea Adîncă]]
:: ''Constantinovca''{{space|4}}
|----
|}

Camenca is locatit alang the river [[Dniester]]. It is the northmaist sub-destrict o [[Transnistrie]]. Accordin tae the [[2004 Census in Transnistrie]], the population o the sub-destrict is 27,284 fowk, including 13,048 (47.82%) [[Moldovans]] ([[Romanies]]), 11,610 (42.55%) [[Ukrainians]], 1,880 (6.89%) [[Roushies]], 43 (0.16%) [[Gagauzians]], 59 (0.22%) [[Bulgaries]], 9 (0.03%) [[Romani people|Romas]], 10 (0.04%) [[Jews]], 447 (1.64%) [[Poles]], 85 (0.31%) [[Belaroushies]], 26 (0.10%) [[Germans]], 16 (0.06%) [[Armenies]], an 51 (0.19%) ithers.

The sub-destrict is hame tae the [[Dniester Sanatorium]], the auldest halth resort in Transnistrie.
In 2001, election offeecials for the Transnitrie presidential election annooncit that sittin preses [[Igor Smirnov]] receivit 103.6 percent o the vote in this region. 

== Leet o Heids o the State Admeenistration o the Camenca Destrict an the Camenca Ceety ==
* Vladimir Karaush (? - 2012)
* Pyotr Vasilyevich Mustya (25 Januar 2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://tiras.ru/biznes/33566-prezident-naznachil-glavu-administracii-gkamenka-i-kamenskogo-rayona.html |title=Президент назначил главу администрации г.Каменка и Каменского района |access-date=2014-08-29 |archive-date=2014-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505123245/http://tiras.ru/biznes/33566-prezident-naznachil-glavu-administracii-gkamenka-i-kamenskogo-rayona.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; - 25 April 2014)
* Natalya Viktorovna Isakova (25 Apryle 2014 - &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://president.gospmr.ru/ru/news/ukaz-prezidenta-pmr-no135-o-vremennom-vozlozhenii-ispolneniya-obyazannostey-glavy |title=Указ Президента ПМР №135 «О временном возложении исполнения обязанностей главы государственной администрации Каменского района и города Каменка» |access-date=2014-08-29 |archive-date=2014-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426235431/http://president.gospmr.ru/ru/news/ukaz-prezidenta-pmr-no135-o-vremennom-vozlozhenii-ispolneniya-obyazannostey-glavy |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;)

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://rkamen.pnzreg.ru/ Offeecial Wabsteid o Rajon Camenca Admeenistration (russian)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816113713/http://rkamen.pnzreg.ru/ |date=2011-08-16 }}

{{coord|48|00|N|28|43|E|source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Geografie o Transnistrie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Busturialdea</title>
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      <text bytes="8583" sha1="pqcwoar1wwyx1pfxfs48effwt654om7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Busturialde - Urdaibai
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = es
| settlement_type         = [[Comarcas o the Basque Kintra|Comarca]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Comarcas de Bizkaia.png
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Biscay]]
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Caipitals]]
| seat                    = [[Bermeo]] an [[Guernica]]
| parts_type              = Municipalities
| parts_style             = list
| p1                      = '''[[Bermeo]]''', [[Mundaka]], [[Sukarrieta]], [[Busturia]], [[Murueta]], [[Forua|Fórua]], '''[[Guernica]]''', [[Errigoiti]], [[Morga]], [[Ajangiz]], [[Mendata]], [[Arratzu]], [[Muxika]], [[Nabarniz]], [[Kortezubi]], [[Gautegiz Arteaga]], [[Ibarrangelu]], [[Elantxobe]], [[Ereño]], [[Ea, Biscay|Ea]]
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          =  220
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 46.000
| population_as_of        = 
| population_density_km2  = 
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leet o municipalities o Spain|Lairgest municipality]]  
| blank_info_sec1         = '''[[Bermeo]]''' (17.144)
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| area_code               = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Busturialdea''', namit ''Busturialde - Urdaibai'' an aw is a [[comarcas o Spain|comarca]] o the province o [[Biscay]], in the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], [[Spain]]. It is the heir o &quot;Busturia&quot;, ane o the oreeginal ''merindades'' that uised tae compone the province o [[Biscay]], which shoud no be ramfeeselt wi [[Busturia]], which is a [[municipality]] locatit in this region. Busturialdea is a diminished portion o the same oreeginal subregion an haes twa caipital ceeties; [[Bermeo]] an [[Gernika-Lumo]]. It is ane o the seiven ''comarcas'' that compone the province o Biscay.

== History ==

Busturia uised tae be ane o the ''merindades'' o [[Biscay]] an includit a lairger territory than the current ane o Busturialdea, as it reached the province o [[Gipuzkoa]].

Busturialdea wis historically the core o Biscay: the caipitals o the province, [[Bermeo]] an [[Guernica]], wur locatit in it; the veelage o [[Mundaka]], belangin tae this region an aw, haed the privilege o speakin aye first in the sessions o its pairlament an for some time, the harbour o [[Bermeo]] wis the main portuar facility, tikl [[Bilbao]] wis foondit in 1300.

Busturialdea an its lush estuar wi important in [[prehistory]] an aw. Pairticularly significative is its steid o [[Santimamiñe]] cave, that yieldit a full sequence o human habitation frae [[Neanderthal]]s tae the [[Airn Age]], an bonnie [[Magdalenian]] cave pentins.

== Geografie ==

Busturialdea is locatit at the north o the province o [[Biscay]], limitin wi the ''comarcas'' o [[Lea-Artibai]] on the east, Uribe an [[Greater Bilbao]] on the wast an [[Durangaldea]] on the sooth. The [[Bay o Biscay]] leemits at north.

The ''comarca'' is locatit alang the [[Urdaibai]] estuar, which haes been namit [[Biosphere Reserve]] bi [[UNESCO]] in 1984&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bizkaia.net/Bizkaia_Informazioa/bmaitea/Bizkaia_Informazioa/Castellano/informacion_general/rutas_y_lugares/ca_URDAIB.asp Bizkaia maitea. Urdaibai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310231621/http://www.bizkaia.net/Bizkaia_Informazioa/bmaitea/Bizkaia_Informazioa/Castellano/informacion_general/rutas_y_lugares/ca_URDAIB.asp |date=2009-03-10 }} Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia - Diputación Foral de Bizkaia&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unescoeh.org/base/ingurumena.php?id_atala=5&amp;id_azpiatala=592&amp;hizk=es Actividades en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218230857/http://www.unescoeh.org/base/ingurumena.php?id_atala=5&amp;id_azpiatala=592&amp;hizk=es |date=2007-02-18 }} UNESO Center of the Basque Country.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Municipalities ==
[[File:Gaztelugatxe_Connected.jpg|thumb|250px|San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, [[Bermeo]]]]
[[File:Urdaibai itasadarra2.jpg|thumb|250px|Urdaibai]]
[[File:Urdaibai Sukarrieta Pedernales Abina Sandindere Erenozar.jpg|thumb|250px|San Antonio beach, [[Sukarrieta]]]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
!
!Municipality
!Population
!Territory km²
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Ajangiz.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Ajangiz]]
|457
|7,35
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Arratzu.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Arratzu]]
|388
|10,34
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Bermeo.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Bermeo]]'''
|17.144
|34,12
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Busturia.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Busturia]]
|1.745
|19,63
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Kortezubi.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Kortezubi]]
|423
|11,91
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Ea.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Ea, Biscay|Ea]]
|886
|14,17
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Elantxobe.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Elantxobe]]
|402
|1,85
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Ereño.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Ereño]]
|278
|10,67
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Errigoiti.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Errigoiti]]
|537
|16,42
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Forua.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Forua]]
|969
|7,94
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Gautegiz Arteaga.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Gautegiz Arteaga]]
|910
|13,57
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Gernika Lumo.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|'''[[Guernica|Gernika-Lumo]]'''
|16.812
|8,47
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Ibarrangelu.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Ibarrangelu]]
|641
|15,56
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Mendata.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Mendata]]
|378
|22,39
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Morga.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Morga]]
|406
|17,6
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Muxika.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Muxika]]
|1.468
|50,02
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Mundaka.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Mundaka]]
|1.940
|4,15
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Murueta.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Murueta]]
|302
|5,45
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Nabarniz.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Nabarniz]]
|227
|11,75
|-
|[[File:Escudo de Sukarrieta.svg|20px]]
|align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Sukarrieta]]
|357
|2,3
|}

== Photo Gallery ==

&lt;gallery&gt;
Image: San pedro atxarre mendia.jpg| San Pedro Atxarre
Image: Sukarrieta urdaibai1.jpg|[[Sukarrieta]]
Image: Mundaka.JPG|[[Mundaka]]
Image: Elantxobe vista.jpg|[[Elantxobe]]
Image: Madariagadorrea.jpg|Madariaga Touer, [[Busturia]]
Image: Pedernales Sukarrieta colonias BBK Bastida.jpg|Childer camp, [[Sukarrieta]]
Image: Sukarrietako toña hondartza.jpg|Toña beach, [[Sukarrieta]]
Image: Isla de Izaro.jpg|Izaro isle
Image: Mundaka.jpg|Laida beach, [[Ibarrangelu]]
Image: Arteaga Tower small.jpg|The [[castle o Arteaga]], [[Gautegiz Arteaga]]
Image: Mundaka Cote.jpg|Ogoño cape
Image: Gaztelugatxe iluntzean.JPG|San Juan de Gaztelugatxe an Akats isle, [[Bermeo]]
Image: SanJuanG.JPG|San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, [[Bermeo]]
Image: Bermeo's old port.JPG|Port o [[Bermeo]]
Image: Bermeo burgoatik.jpg|[[Bermeo]]
Image: Bermeo Euskal Herria1.JPG|[[Bermeo]]
Image: GernikakoArbola.jpg|Tree o [[Gernika]]
Image: Gernika.jpg|[[Gernika]]
Image: Batzar gela.jpg|Meetin hoose o Biscay, [[Gernika]]
Image: Europako Herrien Parkea.jpg|Europe Pairk, [[Gernika]]
Image: Santimamine-Santimamiñe.JPG|Santimamiñe cave, [[Kortezubi]]
Image: Bosque de Oma (20) - El ojo.JPG|Oma firth, [[Kortezubi]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Comarcas o Basque Kintra}}

{{coord|43|20|52|N|2|41|33|W|region:ES_type:adm3rd_source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Comarcas o Biscay]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dabaittie</title>
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      <text bytes="13424" sha1="hzcjuy6kohmfmq2z7zbhhhkm1piazl3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place 
 |country = Scotland
 |official_name= Dalbeattie
 |gaelic_name= Dail bhàite or Dail beithe  
 |os_grid_reference= NX832613
 |coordinates = {{coord|54.932|-3.822|display=inline,title}}
 |population= 4,227
 |population_ref= ([[Unitit Kinrick Census 2011|2011 Census]])
 |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]
 |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Kirkcoubrieshire]]
 |post_town= DALBEATTIE
 |postcode_district = DG5
 |postcode_area= DG  
 |dial_code= 01556
 |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]]
 |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa an Wast Dumfries]]
 |static_image= [[File:Town Hall, Dalbeattie.jpg|240px]]
 |static_image_caption= Dabaittie Toon Hous 
}}
'''Dabaittie''' ({{lang-en|Dalbeattie}},&lt;ref&gt;https://d3lmsxlb5aor5x.cloudfront.net/library/document/Map_of_Scotland_in_Scots-Guide_and_gazetteer.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; frae [[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic]] ''Dail bhàite'' meanin &quot;droont haugh&quot; or ''Dail bheithe'' meanin &quot;[[birk]] haugh&quot;) is a wee toon in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], Scotland. Dabaittie is in a wuidit dale on the [[Urr Watter]] {{convert|6|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east o [[Castle Douglas]] an {{convert|19|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} southwast o [[Dumfries]]. The toon is famed for its granite industrie an for bein the hame toon o [[William McMaster Murdoch]] First Officer o the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']].

[[John Keats]], the Inglis makar, an his frien Charles Armitage Brown bade at David Murray's Inn, nou The Maxwell Airms, on thair walkin tour o Scotland in 1818. &lt;ref&gt;Walker, Carol Kyros (1992). ''Walking North With Keats''. New Haven and London: Yale University. pp. 236–237. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0 300 04824 6|&lt;bdi&gt;0 300 04824 6&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/ref&gt;

The Dabaittie War Memorial wis designt bi [[Pilkington Jackson]] an wis unveilt in 1921.

== Etymologie ==
Dabaittie is a [[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic]] name, recordit in 1469 as ''Dalbaty''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Grant|first=Alison|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/759569647|title=The Pocket Guide to Scottish Place-Names|date=2010|publisher=Richard Drew Ltd|others=|year=|isbn=978-1-899471-00-3|editor-last=Macleod|editor-first=Iseabail|location=Glasgow|pages=39|oclc=759569647}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first pairt of the name is Gaelic ''dail'' meanin 'haugh'. There are twa possible meanins fur the saicant pairt. The maist commonly pit forrit is Gaelic ''beithich'', genitive singular o ''beitheach'' 'tae dae wi birks', derived fae ''beith'' '[[Betula pendula|birk]]'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mills|first=A. D.|title=A Dictionary of British Place Names|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=|location=Oxford|pages=145}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ainmean-aite.scot/placename/dalbeattie/|title=Dalbeattie|last=|first=|date=|website=www.ainmean-aite.scot|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727211211/https://www.ainmean-aite.scot/placename/dalbeattie/|archive-date=27 July 2019|access-date=2020-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; This wey, Dawbeattie wuid mean 'haugh o the birk'. The saicant wey sees -''beattie'' as comin fae ''bhàite'' (fae ''bàite'') 'droont', meanin 'fludit'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[William J. Watson|W. J. Watson]] pit forrit this derivation fur Dalbate in Middleby.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Watson|first=W. J.|url=http://www.spns.org.uk/watsdg.html|title=The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland|publisher=|year=1926|isbn=|location=Edinburgh and London|pages=180|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821230319/http://www.spns.org.uk/watsdg.html|archive-date=2014-08-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaittie is locally thocht tae mean 'birk glen', whilk is seen in the names o local businesses sic as Birch Valley Dental Clinic&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://birch-valley.co.uk/|title=Birchvalley Dental Clinic|last=|first=|date=|website=birch-valley.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112191402/https://birch-valley.co.uk/|archive-date=12 January 2019|access-date=2020-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; an Birchvale Theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birchvaletheatre.co.uk/|title=Home|last=|first=|date=|website=www.birchvaletheatre.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110211302/https://www.birchvaletheatre.co.uk/|archive-date=10 November 2018|access-date=2020-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; The link wi the first pairt o the name an 'glen' micht be fae confusion wi the [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] wird ''dale''. The link wi the wird 'valley' gans back tae at least 1955, whan the ''[[:en:Statistical_Accounts_of_Scotland|Third Statistical Account]]'' records that the &quot;accepted derivation&quot; is [[Celtic leids|Celtic]], meaning &quot;the valley of the birches&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Halliday|location=Glasgow|editor-last3=Arnott|editor-first2=D. G.|editor-last2=Ramsay|chapter=The Quoad Sacra Parish and Burgh of Dalbeattie|pages=324-338|publication-date=1965|editor-first=John|first=R. M.|editor-last=Laird|isbn=|year=|publisher=Collins|date=1955|title=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and The County of Wigtown|editor-first3=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|325}}

==History==
[[File:(General view, Dalbeattie, Scotland) (LOC) (3450350630).jpg|thumb|left|Dabaittie, Scotland, ca. 1890 - 1900.]]

The're hints frae Court Records that a dounset existit on the site as earlie as 1658 an it is forder mentiont in 1747. The're evidence an aa frae Presbyterie Records that hint the war a dominie in Dabaittie in 1751.

The richt beginins o Dabaittie gan back tae 1781 quhan George Maxwell o Munches an Alexander Copeland o Kingsrange (or Collison) decidit tae gie a lift til the development o the toon bi [[feuin]] thair propertie. The Maxwells awnt the laan on the north side o the burn an the Copelands awnt the laan on the south side. Ilka feu conseestit o ane piece o laan, frontin ane gaet, lairge eneuch tae build ane hous an graa vegetables an tae keep chickens an pigs. Ilk feu hid an aa the richt tae cut [[Peat|turfs]] fae Aucheninnes Moss. This wis important as fuel wis scrimp in Gallowaa, coal wis expensive, and the war nae monie trees. The feu duties brang in ane income for the lairds an gied securitie for the tenants.

The buildin o the brig ower the [[River Urr]] at Craignair in 1797 an the swith expansion o the granite industrie in Dabaittie attractit mair fowk tae bide in the toon. Bi 1810 wark in the quarrels wis plentifu, an ower the neist 30 year ane hantle o tredsmen flittit tae an estaiblisht businesses in Dabaittie. Houaniver, the wauxt population brang ither problems, heich incidents o seekness, includin cholera an typhoid, an law-an-order issues.

The day the toon his ane graetlie reduce't industrie, an maist o that folk that byd thar commute til the nearby toon o [[Dumfries]] for wirk. The toon is frequent wi visitors as its position is wiel-situatit for aiccess til the [[Solway Firth|Solway coast]].

==Namely fowk==

* [[Andrew Carruthers]] (1770-1852) - priest, horticulturist, builder o St Peter's Kirk. On 29 Juin 2014 the wee kirkie celebratit its 200t anniversary.

* [[Murray Grierson]] (born 1948) - rally driver

* [[Alister Jack]] (born 1963) - Scots politcian, servin as [[Secretar o State for Scotland]] syne 2019. He is kent tae bi a richt aald sair birkie.

* [[John Keats]] (poet) an his freend [[Charles Armitage Brown]] steyed at an inn here on thair walkin tour o Scotland in 1818.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Walking North With Keats|last=Walker|first=Carol Kyros|publisher=Yale University|year=1992|isbn=0 300 04824 6|location=New Haven and London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/walkingnorthwith0000walk/page/236 236–237]|url=https://archive.org/details/walkingnorthwith0000walk/page/236}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[John Maxwell]] (1905-1962) - airtist wis born in Dabaittie

* [[Jimmy McKinnell (fitbawer)|Jimmy McKinnell]] (1893-1972) - fitbaaer, played for [[Queen of the South F.C.]] an [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.]].&lt;ref name = &quot;js&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=367 |title=Jim Steel full career profile |publisher=Qosfc.com |date=December 19, 2010 |accessdate=2013-09-19 |archive-date=2014-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080124/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=367 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[William McMaster Murdoch]] (1873-1912) - the First Officer o the [[RMS Titanic]]

* [[Ian Simpson (motorcyclist)|Ian Simpson]] (born 1970) - reteert motorcycle racer

* [[Jim Steel (fitbawer)|Jim Steel]] (born 1959) - fitbaaer, played for [[Oldham Athletic A.F.C.]], [[Wigan Athletic F.C.]], [[Wrexham A.F.C.]], [[Port Vale F.C.]], an [[Tranmere Rovers F.C.]].

* [[John Mensies Strain]] (1810-1883) - bade in the toon for 23 year afore becomin the first Airchbishop o St Andrews and Edinburgh in 1878.

* [[Andrew Swann (fitbawer)|Andrew Swann]] (born 1878, dee'd unkent) - perfaisional fitbaaer

* [[George Thompson (SNP politeecian)|George Thompson]] (1928-2016) - [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] politician, Roman Catholic priest and dominies at Annan Academy.

* [[David Rae]] (born 1995) - airtist&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://davidraeart.com/|title=Home|website=David Rae Art|access-date=2020-02-02|archive-date=2020-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202201922/https://davidraeart.com/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newbloodart.com/artist/david-rae|title=Rae David {{!}} New Blood Art|website=newbloodart.com|access-date=2020-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Governance==

The toon is unner the management o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] Council an is locatit in the Abbey waird. The toon is in the [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|Westminster]] constituencie o [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] is in representit bi [[Alister Jack]]. In the [[Scots Pairlament]] the toon is within the [[Galloway and Upper Nithsdale]] constituency an the South o Scotland region, an is presently representit bi [[Finlay Carson (MSP)|Finlay Carson]].

==Geographie==

Dabaittie is situatit in the Urr dale that maist o the easter side is kivert bi forest. The [[River Urr]] flaas frae the north southwarts til the [[Solway Firth]] an passes bi the wester side o the toon. The toon has an abundance o grey granite.

==Economie==

===Granite quarrelin===

Umquhile [[granite]] quarrelin wis an important pairt o the Dabaittie economie. The maist kenspeckle o thir is the Craignair quarrel that is clear visible til the wast o the toon. Tha Dabaittie Granite warks wis estaiblisht in 1820 an wis situatit in Craignair Street, follaein ane direct route fae Craignair quarrel. The industrie knurlt local aroun 1883 acause o cheaper imports frae [[Denmark]].

Monie o the warkers lowpit the kintra til ither pairts o the warld sae as tae fun wark, ane nummer lowpit the kintra til the Unitit States tae wark at ane sister quarrel in Westerly, Rhode Island. Granite exportit frae Dabaittie gaed intil the Mersey Docks in [[Liverpuil]], the Thames Embankment in [[Lunnon]], various Britisch lichthouses, even as faar awa as the lichthous at the southren pynt of Ceylon [[Sri Lanka]]). Its maist famous uiss wis mebbe the [[Eddystone Lighthouse]] in southren England.

===Modren days===

The toon his ane saamill, &quot;Howie Forest Products&quot;, that employs aroun 120 warkers, an a souvenir factorie.

Maist o the folk that byd thaer commute tae nearby [[Dumfries]] for wirk.

==Transport==

The toon is aiccessable bi roads fae [[Dumfries]] an  [[Castle Douglas]], an is on the Solway Coast road. Ane regular bus service sted in Dumfries traivels thro Dabaittie an Castle Douglas til the wast o the region an back. The toon akts an aa as ane minor hub for bus routes endlang the Solway coast. The toon umquhile hid aiccess til the rail network; houaniver this wis remuived in the 1960s as it wis deemt nae tae be profitable.

==Museums an Gaileries==

Dabaittie his ane museum&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dalbeattiemuseum.co.uk/ dalbeattiemuseum.co.uk]&lt;/ref&gt; devotit til the historie o the toon an the surroondin aarie. The're ane mikkle airts gailerie an aa, the Nail Factory,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nailfactory.org.uk/ |title=nailfactory.org.uk |access-date=2020-03-16 |archive-date=2020-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226043310/http://nailfactory.org.uk/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; that hosts temporar exhibitiouns, uisually o warks bi local airtists.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.dalbeattie.org.uk Informatioun about Dabaittie]
*[http://www.dalbeattie.com/intro.htm A wabsteid about the toon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034908/http://www.dalbeattie.com/intro.htm |date=2016-03-04 }}
*[http://www.dalbeattiematters.co.uk/ Community wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204222452/http://www.dalbeattiematters.co.uk/ |date=2016-12-04 }}
*[http://www.dumgal.gov.uk Dumfries an Gallowa Cooncil wabsteid]
*https://heughantrust.com/introduction/early-life/
*https://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/2017/07/bbc-scotlands-new-poet-residence-revealed/
*http://www.scottishbooktrust.com/profile-author/108562{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kirkcoubrieshire]]
[[Category:Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa]]
[[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}</text>
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    <title>Buddhas o Bamiyan</title>
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{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS = ''Cultural Landscape an Aircheological Remains o the Bamiyan Valley''
| Image = [[File:Buddha of Bamiyan.jpg|250px]]
| imagecaption = The tawer o the twa Buddhas o Bamiyan
| State Party = [[Afghanistan]]
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, vi.
| ID = 208
| Region = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Asie|Asie-Paceefic]]
| Year = 2003
| Session = 27t
| Danger = 2003–present
| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/208
}}
The '''Buddhas o Bamiyan''' ([[Persie leid|Persie]]:{{lang|prs| بت های باميان}} – ''bothā-ye Bāmiyān'') war 4t an 5t-century&lt;ref name=&quot;Gall 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/05/world/asia/05iht-buddhas.3793036.html?pagewanted=all | title=Afghans consider rebuilding Bamiyan Buddhas | work=International Herald Tribune/The New York Times | date=5 December 2006 | accessdate=8 March 2014 | last=Gall | first=Carlotta}}&lt;/ref&gt; monumental statues o staundin [[Buddhahuid|buddha]] carved intae the side o a cliff in the [[Bamiyan Province|Bamyan]] valley in the [[Hazarajat]] region o central [[Afghanistan]], {{convert|230|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwast o [[Kabul]] at an elevation o {{convert|2,500|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} bi [[Hazaras]]. Thay war destroyed by the [[Taliban]] in 2001.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:6t-century religious biggins]]
[[Category:Colossal Buddha statues]]
[[Category:Airts in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Central Asian Buddhist steids]]
[[Category:Destroyed laundmerks in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:2001 in releegion]]
[[Category:2001 in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Anti-Buddhism]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimages]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs demolished in 2001]]
[[Category:Islam an ither releegions]]
[[Category:Aniconism]]
[[Category:Moontain monuments an memorials]]
[[Category:History o Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Rock airt in Asie]]
[[Category:Silk Road]]
[[Category:Taliban]]
[[Category:Vandalised wirks o airt]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Bamyan Province]]
[[Category:Hazarajat]]
[[Category:Persecution bi Muslims]]
[[Category:Buddhist airt]]
[[Category:Destroyed sculptures]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Danger]]
[[Category:Ceevil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001)]]
[[Category:6t-century Buddhism]]</text>
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! number
! Name
! 
! eemage
! date o birth
! date o daith
! place o birth
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[Wendy Alexander]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-06-27
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[Andy Kerr]]
| 
| [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-03-17
| 
| [[East Kilbride]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[Tommy Sheridan]]
| 
| [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-03-07
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[Rhona Brankin]]
| 
| [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-01-19
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[Sarah Boyack]]
| 
| [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-05-16
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[Angus MacKay]]
| 
| [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-01
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[Johann Lamont]]
| 
| [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-07-11
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[Cathie Craigie]]
| 
| [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-04-14
| 
| [[Stirlin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[Jackie Baillie]]
| 
| [[File:Official Portrait of Jackie Baillie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-01-15
| 
| [[Hong Kong]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[Annabel Goldie]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-02-27
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[Susan Deacon]]
| 
| [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-02-02
| 
| [[Musselburrae]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 12
| [[Fergus Ewing]]
| 
| [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-09-23
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 13
| [[Alex Fergusson]]
| 
| [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-04-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018-07-31
| [[Leswalt]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 14
| [[Stewart Stevenson]]
| 
| [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-10-15
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 15
| [[Alasdair Morgan]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-04-21
| 
| [[Aiberfeldy]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 16
| [[Cathy Jamieson]]
| 
| [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-11-03
| 
| [[Kilmaurnock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 17
| [[Ian Jenkins]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-03-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025-07-29
| [[Rossay]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 18
| [[Rhoda Grant]]
| 
| [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-06-26
| 
| [[Stornowa]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 19
| [[Janis Hughes]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-05-01
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 20
| [[Bill Butler]]
| 
| [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-03-30
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 21
| [[Brian Fitzpatrick]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 22
| [[Scott Barrie]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-03-10
| 
| [[St Aundraes]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 23
| [[Brian Monteith]]
| 
| [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-01-08
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 24
| [[Bristow Muldoon]]
| 
| [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-03-19
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 25
| [[John Young]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1930&quot; | 1930-12-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-11-03
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 26
| [[George Lyon]]
| 
| [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-07-16
| 
| [[Rossay]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 27
| [[Campbell Martin]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960-03-10
| 
| [[Irvin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 28
| [[Cathy Peattie]]
| 
| [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-11-24
| 
| [[Grangemooth]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 29
| [[Charlie Gordon]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-10-28
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 30
| [[Chris Ballance]]
| 
| [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-07-07
| 
| [[Worcester]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 31
| [[Christine May]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-03-23
| 
| [[Dublin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 32
| [[Shiona Baird]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-09-14
| 
| [[Hereford]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 33
| [[David Davidson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-01-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;2024&quot; | 2024-06-14
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 34
| [[David McLetchie]]
| 
| [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-08-06
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-08-12
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 35
| [[Dave Petrie]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-12-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-08-31
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 36
| [[Dennis Canavan]]
| 
| [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-08-08
| 
| [[Coudenbeith]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 37
| [[Derek Brownlee]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974-08-10
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 38
| [[Des McNulty]]
| 
| [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-07-28
| 
| [[Stockport]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 39
| [[John Farquhar Munro]]
| 
| [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1934&quot; | 1934-08-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014-01-26
| [[Glen Shiel]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 40
| [[Duncan McNeil]]
| 
| [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-09-07
| 
| [[Greenock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 41
| [[Mary Mulligan]]
| 
| [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960-02-12
| 
| [[Liverpuil]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 42
| [[Marilyn Livingstone]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-09-30
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 43
| [[Marlyn Glen]]
| 
| [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-09-30
| 
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 44
| [[Maureen Macmillan]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-02-09
| 
| [[Oban]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 45
| [[Elaine Murray]]
| 
| [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-12-22
| 
| [[Hitchin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 46
| [[Tavish Scott]]
| 
| [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1966&quot; | 1966-05-06
| 
| [[Innerness]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 47
| [[Karen Whitefield]]
| 
| [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970-01-08
| 
| [[Bellshill]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 48
| [[Euan Robson]]
| 
| [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-02-17
| 
| [[Northren Ingland]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 49
| [[Helen Eadie]]
| 
| [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-03-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-11-09
| [[Stanehoosemuir|Stennie]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 50
| [[Mike Rumbles]]
| 
| [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-06-10
| 
| [[South Shields]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 51
| [[Gordon Jackson]]
| 
| [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-08-05
| 
| [[Ardrussan]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 52
| [[Rosemary Byrne]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-03-03
| 
| [[Irvin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 53
| [[Frank McAveety]]
| 
| [[File:Frank McAveety MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-07-27
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 54
| [[Mark Ballard]]
| 
| [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1971&quot; | 1971-06-27
| 
| [[Leeds]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 55
| [[Iain Smith]]
| 
| [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960-05-01
| 
| [[Gateside]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 56
| [[Alasdair Morrison]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-11-18
| 
| [[Stornowa]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 57
| [[Irene Oldfather]]
| 
| [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 58
| [[Jamie McGrigor]]
| 
| [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-10-19
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025-07-20
| [[Lunnon]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 59
| [[Jean Turner]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1939&quot; | 1939-12-23
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 60
| [[Jeremy Purvis]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Purvis of Tweed crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974-01-15
| 
| [[Berrick|Berik]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 61
| [[John Home Robertson]]
| 
| [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-12-05
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 62
| [[John Scott]]
| 
| [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-06-07
| 
| [[Ayr]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 63
| [[Karen Gillon]]
| 
| [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-08-18
| 
| [[Jethart]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 64
| [[Kate Maclean]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-02-16
| 
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 65
| [[Keith Raffan]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-06-21
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 66
| [[Lewis Macdonald]]
| 
| [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-01-01
| 
| [[Stornowa]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 67
| [[Malcolm Chisholm]]
| 
| [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-03-07
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 68
| [[Margaret Jamieson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953
| 
| [[Kilmaurnock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 69
| [[Margaret Mitchell]]
| 
| [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-11-15
| 
| [[Coatbrig]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 70
| [[Margaret Smith]]
| 
| [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-02-18
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 71
| [[Mark Ruskell]]
| 
| [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972-05-14
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 72
| [[Mary Scanlon]]
| 
| [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-05-25
| 
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 73
| [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-05-01
| 
| [[Cammuslang]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 74
| [[Mike Pringle]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-12-25
| 
| [[Northern Rhodesia]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 75
| [[Murdo Fraser]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-09-05
| 
| [[Innerness]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 76
| [[Murray Tosh]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-09-01
| 
| [[Ayr]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 77
| [[Hugh Henry]]
| 
| [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-02-12
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 78
| [[Tom McCabe]]
| 
| [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-04-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;2015&quot; | 2015-04-19
| [[Hamiltoun]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 79
| [[Margaret Curran]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-11-24
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 80
| [[Elaine Smith]]
| 
| [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-05-07
| 
| [[Coatbrig]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 81
| [[Nicol Stephen]]
| 
| [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960-03-23
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 82
| [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-07-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;2023&quot; | 2023-11-28
| [[Sooth Lanrikshire]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 83
| [[Phil Gallie]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1939&quot; | 1939-06-03
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-01-24
| [[Portsmouth]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 84
| [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-08-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;2026&quot; | 2026-01-29
| [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 85
| [[Andrew Welsh]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-04-19
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-06-17
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 86
| [[Donald Gorrie]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1933&quot; | 1933-04-02
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-08-25
| [[Breetish Raj]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 87
| [[George Reid]]
| 
| [[File:George Reid MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1939&quot; | 1939-06-04
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025-08-12
| [[Tullibody]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 88
| [[Andrew Arbuckle]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-04-12
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025-12-25
| [[Fife]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 89
| [[Eleanor Scott]]
| 
| [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-07-23
| 
| [[Innerness]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 90
| [[Rob Gibson]]
| 
| [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-10-10
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 91
| [[John Swinburne]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1930&quot; | 1930-07-04
| data-sort-value=&quot;2017&quot; | 2017-10-01
| [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 92
| [[Bruce McFee]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-05-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-09-09
| [[Johnstoun]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 93
| [[Christopher Harvie]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-09-21
| 
| [[Motherwal]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 94
| [[David Stewart]]
| 
| [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-05-05
| 
| [[Innerness]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 95
| [[Dave Thompson]]
| 
| [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-09-20
| 
| [[Lossiemooth]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 96
| [[David Whitton]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-04-22
| 
| [[Farfar]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 97
| [[Jim Tolson]]
| 
| [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-05-26
| 
| [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 98
| [[Nora Radcliffe]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-03-04
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 99
| [[Patricia Ferguson]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-09-24
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 100
| [[Trish Godman]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1939&quot; | 1939-10-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-07-21
| [[Gouan]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 101
| [[Paul Martin]]
| 
| [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-03-17
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 102
| [[Pauline McNeill]]
| 
| [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-09-12
| 
| [[Paisley]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 103
| [[Peter Peacock]]
| 
| [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-05-27
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 104
| [[Richard Baker]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974-05-29
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 105
| [[Robert Brown]]
| 
| [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-12-25
| 
| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 106
| [[Ross Finnie]]
| 
| [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-02-11
| 
| [[Greenock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 107
| [[Sylvia Jackson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-12-03
| data-sort-value=&quot;2022&quot; | 2022-07-27
| [[Lincolnshire]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 108
| [[Ted Brocklebank]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-09-24
| 
| [[St Aundraes]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 109
| [[Michael McMahon]]
| 
| [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-09-18
| 
| [[Bellshill]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 110
| [[Alex Johnstone]]
| 
| [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-07-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;2016&quot; | 2016-12-07
| [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 111
| [[Allan Wilson]]
| 
| [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-08-05
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 112
| [[Nanette Milne]]
| 
| [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-27
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 113
| [[Ben Wallace]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970-05-15
| 
| [[Farnborough]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 114
| [[Henry McLeish]]
| 
| [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-06-15
| 
| [[Methul]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 115
| [[Colin Campbell]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1938&quot; | 1938-08-31
| 
| [[Paisley]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 116
| [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-08-11
| 
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 117
| [[Duncan Hamilton]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973
| 
| [[Irvin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 118
| [[Elaine Thomson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957
| 
| [[Innerness]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 119
| [[John McAllion]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-02-13
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 120
| [[Lyndsay McIntosh]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 121
| [[Fiona McLeod]]
| 
| [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-12-03
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 122
| [[Iain Gray]]
| 
| [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-06-07
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 123
| [[Ian Welsh]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953-11-23
| 
| [[Preswick]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 124
| [[Lloyd Quinan]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 125
| [[Irene McGugan]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952
| 
| [[Angus]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 126
| [[Kay Ullrich]]
| 
| [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-05-05
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-01-04
| [[Preswick]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 127
| [[Keith Harding]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1938&quot; | 1938-11-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-11-15
| [[Chipping Norton]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 128
| [[Michael Russell]]
| 
| [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953-08-09
| 
| [[Bromley]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 129
| [[Nick Johnston]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-01-05
| 
| [[Filey]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 130
| [[Richard Simpson]]
| 
| [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-10-22
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 131
| [[Sam Galbraith]]
| 
| [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-10-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;2014&quot; | 2014-08-18
| [[Clitheroe]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 132
| [[Andrew Wilson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970
| 
| [[Lanrik]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 133
| [[Nigel Don]]
| 
| [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-04-16
| 
| [[London Borough of Sutton]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 134
| [[Ian McKee]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1940&quot; | 1940-04-02
| 
| [[South Shields]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 135
| [[Liz Smith]]
| 
| [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960-02-27
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 136
| [[Claire Baker]]
| 
| [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1971&quot; | 1971-03-04
| 
| [[Dunfaurlin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 137
| [[Gavin Brown]]
| 
| [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975-06-04
| 
| [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 138
| [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21
| 
| [[Oswestry]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 139
| [[James Kelly]]
| 
| [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-10-23
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 140
| [[Hugh O'Donnell]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-05-01
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 141
| [[Jim Hume]]
| 
| [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-11-04
| 
| [[Peebles]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 142
| [[John Lamont]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1976&quot; | 1976-04-15
| 
| [[Kilwinnin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 143
| [[John Park]]
| 
| [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973-09-14
| 
| [[Dunfaurlin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 144
| [[John Wilson]]
| 
| [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-11-28
| 
| [[Fawkirk]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 145
| [[Stefan Tymkewycz]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1959&quot; | 1959-09-18
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 146
| [[Alison McInnes]]
| 
| [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-07-17
| 
| [[Irvin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 147
| [[Bashir Ahmad]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1940&quot; | 1940-02-12
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-02-06
| [[Amritsar]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 148
| [[Bill Kidd]]
| 
| [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-07-24
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 149
| [[Bill Wilson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-12-11
| 
| [[Paisley]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 150
| [[Bob Doris]]
| 
| [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973-05-11
| 
| [[Vale of Leven]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 151
| [[Chic Brodie]]
| 
| [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-05-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;2022&quot; | 2022-09-24
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 152
| [[Claudia Beamish]]
| 
| [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-08-09
| 
| [[Lunnon]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 153
| [[Colin Beattie]]
| 
| [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-10-17
| 
| [[Farfar]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 154
| [[Dennis Robertson]]
| 
| [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-08-14
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 155
| [[Drew Smith]]
| 
| [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 20th century
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 156
| [[Graeme Dey]]
| 
| [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-10-29
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 157
| [[Gordon MacDonald]]
| 
| [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960-01-02
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 158
| [[Graeme Pearson]]
| 
| [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-04-01
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 159
| [[Neil Bibby]]
| 
| [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1983&quot; | 1983-09-06
| 
| [[Paisley]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 160
| [[Hanzala Malik]]
| 
| [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-11-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;2023&quot; | 2023-12-14
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 161
| [[Margaret McCulloch]]
| 
| [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-05-09
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 162
| [[Jean Urquhart]]
| 
| [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-05-17
| 
| [[Wast Lowden]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 163
| [[Jenny Marra]]
| 
| [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977-11-06
| 
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 164
| [[Jim Eadie]]
| 
| [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-02-10
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 165
| [[John Pentland]]
| 
| [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-12-24
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 166
| [[Siobhan McMahon]]
| 
| [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1984&quot; | 1984-07-04
| 
| [[Bellshill]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 167
| [[Marco Biagi]]
| 
| [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1982&quot; | 1982-07-31
| 
| [[The Vale]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 168
| [[Margaret McDougall]]
| 
| [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-01-23
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 169
| [[Mark Griffin]]
| 
| [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1985&quot; | 1985-10-19
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 170
| [[Mary Fee]]
| 
| [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1954&quot; | 1954-03-23
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 171
| [[Mike MacKenzie]]
| 
| [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958-11-18
| 
| [[Oban]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 172
| [[Paul Wheelhouse]]
| 
| [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970-06-22
| 
| [[Bilfawst|Belfast]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 173
| [[Alison Johnstone]]
| 
| [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-10-11
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 174
| [[Cara Hilton]]
| 
| [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975
| 
| [[Grangemooth]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 175
| [[Cameron Buchanan]]
| 
| [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;2023&quot; | 2023-06-24
| [[Woking]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 176
| [[Alex Rowley]]
| 
| [[File:AlexRowleyMSP.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-11-30
| 
| [[Dunfaurlin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 177
| [[Lesley Brennan]]
| 
| [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 178
| [[Margaret Burgess]]
| 
| [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1949&quot; | 1949-12-07
| 
| [[Ayrshire]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 179
| [[James Dornan]]
| 
| [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953-03-17
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 180
| [[Joan McAlpine]]
| 
| [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-01-28
| 
| [[Gourock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 181
| [[Angus MacDonald]]
| 
| [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-10-11
| 
| [[Stornowa]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 182
| [[Anne McTaggart]]
| 
| [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970-01-30
| 
| [[Coatbrig]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 183
| [[Bill Walker]]
| 
| [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-03-31
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 184
| [[Neil Findlay]]
| 
| [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1969&quot; | 1969-03-06
| 
| [[Brocksburn]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 185
| [[Roderick Campbell]]
| 
| [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1953&quot; | 1953-06-15
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 186
| [[Colin Keir]]
| 
| [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1959&quot; | 1959-12-09
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 187
| [[Jayne Baxter]]
| 
| [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955-11-05
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 188
| [[Brian Whittle]]
| 
| [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-04-26
| 
| [[Ayr]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 189
| [[Rachael Hamilton]]
| 
| [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1970&quot; | 1970-09
| 
| [[Herefordshire]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 190
| [[Oliver Mundell]]
| 
| [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989-12-01
| 
| [[Irvin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 191
| [[Finlay Carson]]
| 
| [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-10-18
| 
| [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 192
| [[Gordon Lindhurst]]
| 
| [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-07-02
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 193
| [[Ross Greer]]
| 
| [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994-06-01
| 
| [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 194
| [[Alexander Burnett]]
| 
| [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973-07-30
| 
| [[Banchry]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 195
| [[Ross Thomson]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1987&quot; | 1987-09-21
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 196
| [[Colin Smyth]]
| 
| [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 197
| [[Kate Forbes]]
| 
| [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1990&quot; | 1990-04-06
| 
| [[Dingwal]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 198
| [[Edward Mountain]]
| 
| [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-03-19
| 
| [[Moray]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 199
| [[Jamie Greene]]
| 
| [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1980&quot; | 1980-03-19
| 
| [[Greenock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 200
| [[Maurice Golden]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Maurice Golden MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1980&quot; | 1980-01-12
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 201
| [[Maurice Corry]]
| 
| [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-06
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 202
| [[Monica Lennon]]
| 
| [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1981&quot; | 1981-01
| 
| [[Bellshill]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 203
| [[Alison Harris]]
| 
| [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-07-23
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 204
| [[Graham Simpson]]
| 
| [[File:Harry Cavanagh meeting Graham Simpson MSP, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972-05
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 205
| [[Alex Cole-Hamilton]]
| 
| [[File:AlexCole-HamiltonMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977-07-22
| 
| [[Hertfordshire]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 206
| [[Ash Regan]]
| 
| [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974-03-08
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 207
| [[Ben Macpherson]]
| 
| [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1985&quot; | 1980s
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 208
| [[Ivan McKee]]
| 
| [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-09
| 
| [[Milligs Mill]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 209
| [[Annie Wells]]
| 
| [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972-02-24
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 210
| [[Daniel Johnson]]
| 
| [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977-09-03
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 211
| [[Peter Chapman]]
| 
| [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-05-13
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 212
| [[Miles Briggs]]
| 
| [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1983&quot; | 1983-03-30
| 
| [[Preston]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 213
| [[Donald Cameron]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1976&quot; | 1976-11-26
| 
| [[St Mary's Hospital]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 214
| [[Liam Kerr]]
| 
| [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975-01-23
| 
| [[Chester]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 215
| [[Jeremy Balfour]]
| 
| [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-03-11
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 216
| [[Bill Bowman]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-05-30
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 217
| [[Michelle Ballantyne]]
| 
| [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1962&quot; | 1962-11-28
| 
| [[Ashton-under-Lyne]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 218
| [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]]
| 
| [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975-10-08
| 
| [[Oxford]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 219
| [[Tom Mason]]
| 
| [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-12-31
| 
| [[Bishop's Stortford]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 220
| [[Beatrice Wishart]]
| 
| [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955
| 
| [[Lerook]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 221
| [[Jackie Dunbar]]
| 
| [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| [[Peterheid]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 222
| [[Marie McNair]]
| 
| [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975&lt;br/&gt;1976
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 223
| [[Paul McLennan]]
| 
| [[File:Minister for Housing Paul McLennan (52781732883) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1966&quot; | 1966
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 224
| [[Collette Stevenson]]
| 
| [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1969&quot; | 1969-03-15
| 
| [[East Kilbride]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 225
| [[Evelyn Tweed]]
| 
| [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967
| 
| [[Ayr]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 226
| [[Natalie Don]]
| 
| [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989-02-12
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 227
| [[Katy Clark]]
| 
| [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-07-03
| 
| [[Kilwinnin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 228
| [[Foysol Choudhury]]
| 
| [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1969&quot; | 1969-01-05
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 229
| [[Michelle Thomson]]
| 
| [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-03-11
| 
| [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 230
| [[Martin Whitfield]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965
| 
| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 231
| [[Jenni Minto]]
| 
| [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-11
| 
| [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 232
| [[Audrey Nicoll]]
| 
| [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 233
| [[Jim Fairlie]]
| 
| [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 234
| [[Stephanie Callaghan]]
| 
| [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1971&quot; | 1971
| 
| [[Hamiltoun]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 235
| [[Elena Whitham]]
| 
| [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1974&quot; | 1974
| 
| [[Kilmaurnock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 236
| [[Kaukab Stewart]]
| 
| [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967&lt;br/&gt;1968
| 
| [[Pakistan]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 237
| [[Emma Roddick]]
| 
| [[File:Emma Roddick 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997-07-30
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 238
| [[Sandesh Gulhane]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1982&quot; | 1982-01-22
| 
| [[Lunnon]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 239
| [[Mercedes Villalba]]
| 
| [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989
| 
| [[Bristol]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 240
| [[Sue Webber]]
| 
| [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 241
| [[Michael Marra]]
| 
| [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-02-17
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 242
| [[Paul O'Kane]]
| 
| [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988-03-21
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 243
| [[Karen Adam]]
| 
| [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975-06-07
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 244
| [[Sharon Dowey]]
| 
| [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1969&quot; | 1969&lt;br/&gt;1970
| 
| [[Girvan]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 245
| [[Davy Russell]]
| 
| [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1960&quot; | 1960s&lt;br/&gt;1962
| 
| [[Quarter]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 246
| [[Calum Kerr]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972-04-05
| 
| [[Gallae]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 247
| [[Heather Anderson]]
| 
| [[File:Heather Anderson official portrait as an MEP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1959&quot; | 1959-01-31
| 
| [[Dundee]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 248
| [[Gillian Mackay]]
| 
| [[File:Gillian Mackay 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1991&quot; | 1991
| 
| [[Fawkirk]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 249
| [[Ariane Burgess]]
| 
| [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-11-20
| 
| [[Edinburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 250
| [[Meghan Gallacher]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992-01-17
| 
| [[Bellshill]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 251
| [[Craig Hoy]]
| 
| [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1975&quot; | 1975
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 252
| [[Douglas Lumsden]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Lumsden MP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1971&quot; | 1971-08
| 
| [[Aiberdeen]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 253
| [[Carol Mochan]]
| 
| [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 254
| [[Màiri McAllan]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1993&quot; | 1993-02-14
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 255
| [[Malcolm Offord]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Offord of Garvel crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-09-05
| 
| [[Greenock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 256
| [[David Smith]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[Cardiff–South Wales Valleys metropolitan area]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 257
| [[Jenny Young]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 258
| [[James Adams]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of James Adams MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992
| 
| [[Fraserburgh]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 259
| [[Alex Kerr]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 260
| [[Laura Mitchell]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1982&quot; | 1982-05
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 261
| [[Kate Nevens]]
| 
| [[File:Kate Nevens, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1982&quot; | 1982
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 262
| [[Roz McCall]]
| 
| [[File:Roz Mccall In Dunfermline.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 263
| [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]]
| 
| [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1981&quot; | 1981-11-02
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 264
| [[Pam Gosal]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1972&quot; | 1972
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 265
| [[Tess White]]
| 
| [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-02-18
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 266
| [[Thomas Kerr]]
| 
| [[File:Thomas Kerr Official MSP portrait 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996
| 
| [[Glesga]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 267
| [[Mark Simpson]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1988&quot; | 1988-11-30
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 268
| [[Laura Moodie]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1978&quot; | 1978
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 269
| [[Colm Merrick]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 270
| [[Julie MacDougall]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 271
| [[Katherine Sangster]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 272
| [[Tim Eagle]]
| 
| [[File:Tim eagle 24.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 273
| [[David Kirkwood]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 274
| [[Holly Bruce]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 275
| [[Irshad Ahmed]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Irshad Ahmed MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 276
| [[Michelle Campbell]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Michelle Campbell (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 277
| [[Adam Harley]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 278
| [[Simita Kumar]]
| 
| [[File:Equalities &amp; International Development Minister - 55282125442.jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1987&quot; | 1987
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 279
| [[Iris Duane]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Iris Duane MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 280
| [[Duncan Dunlop]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 281
| [[Cara McKee]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 282
| [[Helen McDade]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 283
| [[Q Manivannan]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Q Manivannan MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996&lt;br/&gt;1997
| 
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 284
| [[Katie Hagmann]]
| 
| [[File:Katie Hagmann, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1979&quot; | 1979-04
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 285
| [[Jack Middleton]]
| 
| [[File:Jack Middleton, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 286
| [[Zen Ghani]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 287
| [[Sanne Dijkstra-Downie]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Sanne Dijkstra-Downie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 288
| [[Duncan Massey]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 289
| [[Yi-pei Chou Turvey]]
| 
| 
| data-sort-value=&quot;1981&quot; | 1981
| 
| [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 290
| [[Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill]]
| 
| [[File:Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999-03-01
| 
| [[Motherwal]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 291
| [[Angela Ross]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Angela Ross MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 292
| [[Amanda Bland]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Amanda Bland (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 293
| [[Hannah Mary Goodlad]]
| 
| [[File:Hannah Mary Goodlad Scottish Parliament Portrait 2026.jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 294
| [[Jamie Langan]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 295
| [[Kim Schmulian]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 296
| [[Lloyd Melville]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 297
| [[Senga Beresford]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Senga Beresford (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 298
| [[Mandy Lindsay]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 299
| [[Max Bannerman]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of Max Bannerman MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 300
| [[Kristopher Leask]]
| 
| [[File:Kristopher Leask, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 301
| [[Vic Currie]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 302
| [[Morven-May MacCallum]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 303
| [[Dawn Black]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 304
| [[Kate Campbell]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 305
| [[David Barratt]]
| 
| [[File:Official portrait of David Barratt MSP 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 306
| [[Gary Bouse]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 307
| [[Andrew Baxter]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 308
| [[Donald MacKinnon]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 309
| [[Joe Fagan]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 310
| [[David Green]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 311
| [[Joe Long]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 312
| [[Pauline Stafford]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>65x4r72x08s1s7el6fgpqmnov3sea8r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Hamaxides</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>234031</id>
    <revision>
      <id>922755</id>
      <parentid>922735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-17T02:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hamaxides</username>
        <id>136285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>thanks</comment>
      <origin>922755</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="226" sha1="35oirmk8g446kxiiqh8c7lw8yew3j7x" xml:space="preserve">{{Welcome}} [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 23:03, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
:Monie thanks! [[Uiser:Hamaxides|Hamaxides]] ([[Uiser collogue:Hamaxides|tauk]]) 02:28, 17 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>35oirmk8g446kxiiqh8c7lw8yew3j7x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser:Hamaxides</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>234033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>922756</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-17T03:07:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hamaxides</username>
        <id>136285</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Noo uiser page</comment>
      <origin>922756</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="197" sha1="9igt1m48hpvsrw1drzxkmmarr30rwrc" xml:space="preserve">Am a noo uiser on the Scots Wikipedia, an A wiss tae ken mair aboot the leid. 

A enjoy Len Pennie, Emma Grae, an ithers scrievin in Scots.

''(A welcome corrections!)''

An...{{Uiser WikiBrounie}}</text>
      <sha1>9igt1m48hpvsrw1drzxkmmarr30rwrc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>922757</id>
      <parentid>922756</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-17T03:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hamaxides</username>
        <id>136285</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pennie airtin an Grae airtin</comment>
      <origin>922757</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="205" sha1="929paaxl0ek6men6fqmu8c4t5j329l3" xml:space="preserve">Am a noo uiser on the Scots Wikipedia, an A wiss tae ken mair aboot the leid. 

A enjoy [[Len Pennie]], [[Emma Grae]], an ithers scrievin in Scots.

''(A welcome corrections!)''

An...{{Uiser WikiBrounie}}</text>
      <sha1>929paaxl0ek6men6fqmu8c4t5j329l3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>