Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 1063 922971 922738 2026-09-21T15:26:36Z MediaWiki message delivery 20411 /* Your feedback wanted: Remove (Language link added:) and similar edits from Special:RecentChanges */ new section 922971 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]] Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia. <div style="background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;"><big>Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''</big></div> * '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}. * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. *Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] · {{TOC limit|2}} <!--Automatic archive configuration begins --> {{Uiser:MABot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/%(counter)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 5 |maxarchivesize = 250K |minthreadsleft = 5 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |archiveheader = }} <!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Collogue]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Juin 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? == Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots. I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it. Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC) :(& also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC) ::Hi, I think this page is very helpful, particularly the links to unreferenced articles and articles using archive today. Perhaps it could be added regarding archive today that editors should replace it with internet archive if possible and if not then just remove it if the original link is still dead, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 18:23, 21 August 2026 (UTC) :::Brilliant - yes, will add this. Thank you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:59, 24 August 2026 (UTC) :: Just found a problem with the list of archive today links which is it only lists one link for each page when there can be multiple links on a page such as [[Mexican Drog War]], [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:57, 23 August 2026 (UTC) :::A believe Mexican Drog War wis ae exception as there wis summat wrang wi the references, bit it is listin multiple airtins per airticle e.g. [[Daraa Destrict]]. A'v optit ti nuke Mexican Drog War as nae bein wirth the time ti fix, better ti stairt ower in aat case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 03:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC) ::::Grand, thanks! Can add something to the instructions too to get folks to check whether there are multiple refs on the same article, just in case there are others. :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:00, 24 August 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ok, added. One thing to note - you'll see that I've said "set URL status to dead" - I'm pretty sure that that should be "deid", but "dead" is what's in the template. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:09, 24 August 2026 (UTC) :::::: Those are very helpful changes and I agree about the Mexican Drog War as that would have taken hours to fix, imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 00:16, 25 August 2026 (UTC) :::::::Grand, thanks :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:28, 25 August 2026 (UTC) ::::::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] Ok, that's now live [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies]] on the project page - please feel free to point folks in that direction if it's helpful in your general admin / extended rights user duties :) Thanks so much for the suggestions and feedback! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:30, 25 August 2026 (UTC) :Somebody should share this in the Scots Language Forum group on Facebook. That would give this project the widest attention. [[Uiser:Gallovidisk|Gallovidisk]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gallovidisk|tauk]]) 09:46, 26 August 2026 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[Uiser:Gallovidisk|Gallovidisk]], good suggestion! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:00, 26 August 2026 (UTC) == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' * Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|sco}}. * If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': * Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067433 --> bjm0jjzf9jeaqwbzuj43uu0elh2mlhv 922983 922971 2026-09-21T23:20:34Z MABot 35091 Bot: Archivin 1 thread (aulder than 30 days) til [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5]] 922983 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]] Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia. <div style="background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;"><big>Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''</big></div> * '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}. * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. *Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] · {{TOC limit|2}} <!--Automatic archive configuration begins --> {{Uiser:MABot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/%(counter)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 5 |maxarchivesize = 250K |minthreadsleft = 5 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |archiveheader = }} <!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Juin 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? == Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots. I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it. Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC) :(& also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC) ::Hi, I think this page is very helpful, particularly the links to unreferenced articles and articles using archive today. Perhaps it could be added regarding archive today that editors should replace it with internet archive if possible and if not then just remove it if the original link is still dead, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 18:23, 21 August 2026 (UTC) :::Brilliant - yes, will add this. Thank you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:59, 24 August 2026 (UTC) :: Just found a problem with the list of archive today links which is it only lists one link for each page when there can be multiple links on a page such as [[Mexican Drog War]], [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:57, 23 August 2026 (UTC) :::A believe Mexican Drog War wis ae exception as there wis summat wrang wi the references, bit it is listin multiple airtins per airticle e.g. [[Daraa Destrict]]. A'v optit ti nuke Mexican Drog War as nae bein wirth the time ti fix, better ti stairt ower in aat case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 03:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC) ::::Grand, thanks! Can add something to the instructions too to get folks to check whether there are multiple refs on the same article, just in case there are others. :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:00, 24 August 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ok, added. One thing to note - you'll see that I've said "set URL status to dead" - I'm pretty sure that that should be "deid", but "dead" is what's in the template. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:09, 24 August 2026 (UTC) :::::: Those are very helpful changes and I agree about the Mexican Drog War as that would have taken hours to fix, imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 00:16, 25 August 2026 (UTC) :::::::Grand, thanks :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:28, 25 August 2026 (UTC) ::::::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] Ok, that's now live [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies]] on the project page - please feel free to point folks in that direction if it's helpful in your general admin / extended rights user duties :) Thanks so much for the suggestions and feedback! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:30, 25 August 2026 (UTC) :Somebody should share this in the Scots Language Forum group on Facebook. That would give this project the widest attention. [[Uiser:Gallovidisk|Gallovidisk]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gallovidisk|tauk]]) 09:46, 26 August 2026 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[Uiser:Gallovidisk|Gallovidisk]], good suggestion! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:00, 26 August 2026 (UTC) == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' * Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|sco}}. * If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': * Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067433 --> h5jliqwmzqrg216blnhitttscwesq72 0 4045 922994 920351 2026-09-22T07:07:02Z ForTheW56 130139 /* */ 922994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|requests for comment on Wikipedia|WP:RFC}} {{infobox fitbaw club | image = Rangers FC.svg | fullname = Rangers Football Club | nickname = The Gers, The Teddy Bears, The Light Blues, Bluenoses | clubname = Rangers Football Club | founded = [[Mairch]] 1872 | owner = The Rangers Football Club Ltd | chairman = Andrew Cavenagh | ground = [[Ibrox Stadium]] | capacity = 50,817 | manager = Derek McInnes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-17|title='Real honour' as McInnes succeeds Rohl at Rangers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cn8k5jd0788o|access-date=2026-07-31|website=BBC Sport|language=en}}</ref> | league = [[Scottish Premiership|Scots Premiership]] | season = 2025–26 | position = 3rd | website = https://rangers.co.uk/ | pattern_la1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_b1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_ra1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_sh1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_so1 = _redtop | leftarm1 = 0000ff | body1 = 0000ff | rightarm1= 0000ff | shorts1 = ffffff | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _rangers2526a | pattern_b2 = _rangers2526a | pattern_ra2 = _rangers2526a | pattern_sh2 = _rangers2526h | pattern_so2 = _rangers2526al | pattern_la3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_b3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_ra3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_sh3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_so3 = _rangers2526tl | leftarm3 = 38475b | body3 = 38475b | rightarm3 = 38475b | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Rangers Football Club''' (or ''Glesga Rangers'') is the seicont maist successfu [[fitba|fitbaw]] club in Scotland. Rangers pley in the [[Scottish Premiership|Scots Premiership]], whilk is the tap level o the [[Scottish Professional Football League|Scots Professional Fitbaw League]]. The team pley thair hame gemmes at [[Ibrox Stadium]] in the sooth-west o [[Glesga]]. == Honours == Rangers wis the first club in the warld tae win mair nor 50 league championships. In 2021, thay haudit the warld record for the nummer o domestic league championships won, efter rackin up 55 titles.<ref name="Nummer o league wins">{{cite news|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/kamprec.html#tnc|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|title=Total Number of Championships|date=23 November 2006}}</ref> Rangers hae the seicont maist [[The Treble|domestic trebles]] in the warld,<ref name="Number of trebles">{{cite news|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html#treb|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|title=Domestic Trebles|date=23 November 2006}}</ref> forby, wi sieven tae date. Thay won their 100t major trophy in 2000, the first club in the warld tae win tae that milestane.<ref name="100 trophies">{{cite news|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/rangers-100trophies.html|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|title=Glasgow Rangers - 100 Trophies|date=21 October 2001}}</ref> In 2021, they war the maist-honoured fitbaw club in the warld, haein taen 119 trophies aw thegither. Thay hae pleyed baith in [[Scottish Cup|Scotland's]] an [[The FA Cup|England's]] naitional cup competitions. Rangers won tae the semi-final o the 1886-87 FA Cup, juist tae be knockit oot bi the winners. === Major honours === * '''[[Scottish Premiership|Scots League Championship]]''' ('''55'''): 1890-91, 1898-99, 1899-00, 1900-01, 1901-02, 1910-11, 1911-12, 1912-13, 1917-18, 1919-20, 1920-21, 1922-23, 1923-24, 1924-25, 1926-27, 1927-28, 1928-29, 1929-30, 1930-31, 1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35, 1936-37, 1938-1939, 1946-47, 1948-49, 1949-50, 1952-53, 1955-56, 1956-57, 1958-59, 1960-61, 1962-63, 1963-64, 1974-75, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1986-87, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2002-03, 2004-05, 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11, 2020-21 * '''[[Scottish Cup|Scots Cup]]''' ('''34'''): 1893-94, 1896-97, 1897-98, 1902-03, 1927-28, 1929-30, 1931-32, 1933-34, 1934-35, 1935-36, 1947-48, 1948-49, 1949-1950, 1952-53, 1959-60, 1961-62, 1962-63, 1963-64, 1965-66, 1972-73, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1978-79, 1980-81, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1995-96, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2008-08, 2008-09, 2021-22 * '''[[Scottish League Cup|Scots League Cup]]''' ('''28'''): 1946-47, 1948-49, 1960-61, 1961-62, 1963-64, 1964-65, 1970-71, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1978-79, 1981-82, 1983-84, 1984-85, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89, 1990-91, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1996-97, 1998-99, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2005-06, 2008-09, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2023-24 * '''[[European Cup Winners Cup]]''' (1): 1971-1972 * '''[[Scottish Championship|Scots Championship]]''' (1): 2015-2016 * '''[[Scottish League One|Scots League One]]''' (1): 2013-2014 * '''[[Scottish League Two|Scots Third Division]]''' (1): 2012-2013 * '''[[Scottish Challenge Cup|Scots Challenge Cup]]''' (1): 2015-2016 == Sectarianism == Rangers is weel kent fur its sectarian problems, alang wi Celtic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=William J. |last2=Murray |first2=Bill |title=The Old Firm: Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland |date=2000 |publisher=John Donald Publishers |isbn=978-0-85976-542-8 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ux5GPgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref> In the warld o Scots fitbaw, sectarianism is a muckle issue, ruitit in [[social]], [[cultural]], [[historical]] an [[religious]] circumstances.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wagg |first1=Stephen |title=British Football & Social Exclusion |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-76393-0 |page=168 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MumQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Fear and loathing in world football|publisher=Berg Publishers|author1=Armstrong, Gary|author2=Giulianotti, Richard|year=2001|pages=25, 26|isbn=1-85973-463-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJxIbXQfE1IC|accessdate=15 August 2012|language=en}}</ref> But, baith Celtic an the Rangers accept that thay hae a problem wi [[sectarianism]]{{fact}}. Baith sides o the [[Auld Firm]] ken that a pairt o thair support haes been, an continues tae be, guilty o haudin sectarian beliefs an cultural intolerance gaun. In recent times, baith Celtic an the Rangers haes taen meisurs tae fecht sectarianism.<ref name="Rangers and celtic team together to tackle sectarianism">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/spl-remains-tight-lipped-over-report-on-parkhead-chanting-1-830134|title=SPL Remains tight-lipped over report on Parkhead chanting|website=www.scotsman.com via internet archive|author=Rumsby, Ben|date=18 February 2009|accessdate=18 August 2012|quote=THE Scottish Premier League has confirmed it has received the match delegate's report from the Old Firm derby but refused to divulge if alleged sectarian chanting from Rangers fans was mentioned within it.|language=en|archive-date=2012-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021134034/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/spl-remains-tight-lipped-over-report-on-parkhead-chanting-1-830134|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Warkin alangside the [[Scots Pairlament]], [[kirk]] groups an communities, the Auld Firm haes clampit doun on sectarian sangs, inflammatory flag-wavin, an fashoius supporters, uisin mair muckle levels o policin an [[surveillance]].{{fact}} == Managers == {| |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable alternance" |+R.F.C. managers |- !|Name !|Period |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[William Wilton]] || 1899–1920 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Bill Struth]] || 1920–1954 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Scott Symon || 1954–1967 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} David White || 1967–1969 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} William Waddell || 1969–1972 |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Scotland}} Jock Wallace || 1972–1978 |- | 1983–1986 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} John Greig || 1978–1983 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Graeme Souness]] || 1986–1991 |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Scotland}} Walter Smith || 1991–1998 |- | 2007–2011 |- |{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Dick Advocaat || 1998–2001 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Alex McLeish]] || 2001–2006 |} | {| class="wikitable alternance" |+&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Managers|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/former-managers/|publisher=Rangers F.C.|accessdate=17 April 2017|archive-date=2018-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924201246/https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/former-managers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !|Name !|Period |- |{{flagicon|France}} Paul Le Guen || 2006–2007 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Ally McCoist]] || 2011–2014 |- |{{flagicon|England}} Mark Warburton || 2015–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} Pedro Caixinha || 2017 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Graeme Murty || 2017–2018 |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[Steven Gerrard]] || 2018–2021 |- |{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Giovanni van Bronckhorst || 2021-2022 |- |{{flagicon|England}} Michael Beale || 2022-2023 |- |{{flagicon|Belgium}} Phillipe Clement || 2023-2025 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Russell Martin || 2025 |- |{{flagicon|Germany}} Danny Röhl || 2025-2026 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Derek McInnes || 2026- |} |} == References == {{reflist|2}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Rangers F.C.| ]] [[Category:1872 establishments in Scotland]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1873]] [[Category:Companies based in Glesga]] [[Category:Cultur in Glesga]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Glesga]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Scotland]] [[Category:Gouan]] [[Category:Scottish Football League foonder members]] [[Category:Scottish Football League teams]] [[Category:Scottish Premier League teams]] [[Category:Scots Cup winners]] [[Category:Scottish Professional Football League teams]] [[Category:Scottish League Cup winners]] {{Stub/Scotland}} 8sz13cp1ak2qnb0fft5qpm0igtvqkjk 922995 922994 2026-09-22T10:32:27Z CiphriusKane 74958 922995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|requests for comment on Wikipedia|WP:RFC}} {{infobox fitbaw club | image = Rangers FC.svg | fullname = Rangers Football Club | nickname = The Gers, The Teddy Bears, The Light Blues, Bluenoses | clubname = Rangers Football Club | founded = [[Mairch]] 1872 | owner = The Rangers Football Club Ltd | chairman = Andrew Cavenagh | ground = [[Ibrox Stadium]] | capacity = 50,817 | manager = Derek McInnes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-17|title='Real honour' as McInnes succeeds Rohl at Rangers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cn8k5jd0788o|access-date=2026-07-31|website=BBC Sport|language=en}}</ref> | league = [[Scottish Premiership|Scots Premiership]] | season = 2025–26 | position = 3rd | website = https://rangers.co.uk/ | pattern_la1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_b1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_ra1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_sh1 = _rangers2526h | pattern_so1 = _redtop | leftarm1 = 0000ff | body1 = 0000ff | rightarm1= 0000ff | shorts1 = ffffff | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _rangers2526a | pattern_b2 = _rangers2526a | pattern_ra2 = _rangers2526a | pattern_sh2 = _rangers2526h | pattern_so2 = _rangers2526al | pattern_la3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_b3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_ra3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_sh3 = _rangers2526t | pattern_so3 = _rangers2526tl | leftarm3 = 38475b | body3 = 38475b | rightarm3 = 38475b | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Rangers Football Club''' (or ''Glesga Rangers'') is a [[fitba|fitbaw]] club in Scotland. Rangers pley in the [[Scottish Premiership|Scots Premiership]], that is the tap level o the [[Scottish Professional Football League|Scots Professional Fitbaw League]]. The team pley thair hame gemmes at [[Ibrox Stadium]] in the sooth-west o [[Glesga]]. Alang wi [[Celtic F.C.]], it's kent as the Auld Firm. == Honours == Rangers wis the first club in the warld tae win mair nor 50 league championships. In 2021, thay haudit the warld record for the nummer o domestic league championships won, efter rackin up 55 titles.<ref name="Nummer o league wins">{{cite news|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/kamprec.html#tnc|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|title=Total Number of Championships|date=23 November 2006}}</ref> Rangers hae the seicont maist [[The Treble|domestic trebles]] in the warld,<ref name="Number of trebles">{{cite news|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html#treb|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|title=Domestic Trebles|date=23 November 2006}}</ref> forby, wi sieven tae date. Thay won their 100t major trophy in 2000, the first club in the warld tae win tae that milestane.<ref name="100 trophies">{{cite news|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/rangers-100trophies.html|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|title=Glasgow Rangers - 100 Trophies|date=21 October 2001}}</ref> In 2021, they war the maist-honoured fitbaw club in the warld, haein taen 119 trophies aw thegither. Thay hae pleyed baith in [[Scottish Cup|Scotland's]] an [[The FA Cup|England's]] naitional cup competitions. Rangers won tae the semi-final o the 1886-87 FA Cup, juist tae be knockit oot bi the winners. === Major honours === * '''[[Scottish Premiership|Scots League Championship]]''' ('''55'''): 1890-91, 1898-99, 1899-00, 1900-01, 1901-02, 1910-11, 1911-12, 1912-13, 1917-18, 1919-20, 1920-21, 1922-23, 1923-24, 1924-25, 1926-27, 1927-28, 1928-29, 1929-30, 1930-31, 1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35, 1936-37, 1938-1939, 1946-47, 1948-49, 1949-50, 1952-53, 1955-56, 1956-57, 1958-59, 1960-61, 1962-63, 1963-64, 1974-75, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1986-87, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2002-03, 2004-05, 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11, 2020-21 * '''[[Scottish Cup|Scots Cup]]''' ('''34'''): 1893-94, 1896-97, 1897-98, 1902-03, 1927-28, 1929-30, 1931-32, 1933-34, 1934-35, 1935-36, 1947-48, 1948-49, 1949-1950, 1952-53, 1959-60, 1961-62, 1962-63, 1963-64, 1965-66, 1972-73, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1978-79, 1980-81, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1995-96, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2008-08, 2008-09, 2021-22 * '''[[Scottish League Cup|Scots League Cup]]''' ('''28'''): 1946-47, 1948-49, 1960-61, 1961-62, 1963-64, 1964-65, 1970-71, 1975-76, 1977-78, 1978-79, 1981-82, 1983-84, 1984-85, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89, 1990-91, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1996-97, 1998-99, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2005-06, 2008-09, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2023-24 * '''[[European Cup Winners Cup]]''' (1): 1971-1972 * '''[[Scottish Championship|Scots Championship]]''' (1): 2015-2016 * '''[[Scottish League One|Scots League One]]''' (1): 2013-2014 * '''[[Scottish League Two|Scots Third Division]]''' (1): 2012-2013 * '''[[Scottish Challenge Cup|Scots Challenge Cup]]''' (1): 2015-2016 == Sectarianism == Rangers is weel kent fur its sectarian problems, alang wi Celtic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=William J. |last2=Murray |first2=Bill |title=The Old Firm: Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland |date=2000 |publisher=John Donald Publishers |isbn=978-0-85976-542-8 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ux5GPgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref> In the warld o Scots fitbaw, sectarianism is a muckle issue, ruitit in [[social]], [[cultural]], [[historical]] an [[religious]] circumstances.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wagg |first1=Stephen |title=British Football & Social Exclusion |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-76393-0 |page=168 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MumQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Fear and loathing in world football|publisher=Berg Publishers|author1=Armstrong, Gary|author2=Giulianotti, Richard|year=2001|pages=25, 26|isbn=1-85973-463-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJxIbXQfE1IC|accessdate=15 August 2012|language=en}}</ref> But, baith Celtic an the Rangers accept that thay hae a problem wi [[sectarianism]]{{fact}}. Baith sides o the [[Auld Firm]] ken that a pairt o thair support haes been, an continues tae be, guilty o haudin sectarian beliefs an cultural intolerance gaun. In recent times, baith Celtic an the Rangers haes taen meisurs tae fecht sectarianism.<ref name="Rangers and celtic team together to tackle sectarianism">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/spl-remains-tight-lipped-over-report-on-parkhead-chanting-1-830134|title=SPL Remains tight-lipped over report on Parkhead chanting|website=www.scotsman.com via internet archive|author=Rumsby, Ben|date=18 February 2009|accessdate=18 August 2012|quote=THE Scottish Premier League has confirmed it has received the match delegate's report from the Old Firm derby but refused to divulge if alleged sectarian chanting from Rangers fans was mentioned within it.|language=en|archive-date=2012-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021134034/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/spl-remains-tight-lipped-over-report-on-parkhead-chanting-1-830134|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Warkin alangside the [[Scots Pairlament]], [[kirk]] groups an communities, the Auld Firm haes clampit doun on sectarian sangs, inflammatory flag-wavin, an fashoius supporters, uisin mair muckle levels o policin an [[surveillance]].{{fact}} == Managers == {| |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable alternance" |+R.F.C. managers |- !|Name !|Period |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[William Wilton]] || 1899–1920 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Bill Struth]] || 1920–1954 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Scott Symon || 1954–1967 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} David White || 1967–1969 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} William Waddell || 1969–1972 |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Scotland}} Jock Wallace || 1972–1978 |- | 1983–1986 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} John Greig || 1978–1983 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Graeme Souness]] || 1986–1991 |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Scotland}} Walter Smith || 1991–1998 |- | 2007–2011 |- |{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Dick Advocaat || 1998–2001 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Alex McLeish]] || 2001–2006 |} | {| class="wikitable alternance" |+&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Managers|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/former-managers/|publisher=Rangers F.C.|accessdate=17 April 2017|archive-date=2018-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924201246/https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/former-managers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !|Name !|Period |- |{{flagicon|France}} Paul Le Guen || 2006–2007 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Ally McCoist]] || 2011–2014 |- |{{flagicon|England}} Mark Warburton || 2015–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} Pedro Caixinha || 2017 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Graeme Murty || 2017–2018 |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[Steven Gerrard]] || 2018–2021 |- |{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Giovanni van Bronckhorst || 2021-2022 |- |{{flagicon|England}} Michael Beale || 2022-2023 |- |{{flagicon|Belgium}} Phillipe Clement || 2023-2025 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Russell Martin || 2025 |- |{{flagicon|Germany}} Danny Röhl || 2025-2026 |- |{{flagicon|Scotland}} Derek McInnes || 2026- |} |} == References == {{reflist|2}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Rangers F.C.| ]] [[Category:1872 establishments in Scotland]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1873]] [[Category:Companies based in Glesga]] [[Category:Cultur in Glesga]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Glesga]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Scotland]] [[Category:Gouan]] [[Category:Scottish Football League foonder members]] [[Category:Scottish Football League teams]] [[Category:Scottish Premier League teams]] [[Category:Scots Cup winners]] [[Category:Scottish Professional Football League teams]] [[Category:Scottish League Cup winners]] {{Stub/Scotland}} k2nzertzixmlkugfqzdtlqicr2xtv6x 0 14206 922984 922965 2026-09-21T23:25:30Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Freemit airtins */ removed red linked template 922984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HondaBeat.JPG|250px|right]] The '''Honda Beat''' is a [[MR layoot|rear mid-ingine]]d twa-seat [[roadster]] [[kei caur]] produced frae in Mey 1991 til Februar 1996. The Beat wis the last caur tae be approved bi [[Soichiro Honda]] afore he dee'd in 1991. The tot nummer o caurs produced wis aroond 33,600. Maist o the production (aroond twa-thirds) occurred in the first year, an then production an sales fawed aff drastically. The design o the caur oreeginatit frae [[Pininfarina]], that then selt the design plan tae Honda. The Beat wis ane o mony caurs designed tae tak advantage o Japan's tax-efficient K class.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.classiccarsforsale.co.uk/classic-car-marques.php/marque/102 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-04 |archive-date=2008-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004233332/http://www.classiccarsforsale.co.uk/classic-car-marques.php/marque/102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thare wur twa mainstream models o the Beat (the PP1–100 an the PP1–110) an a couple o leemitit edition versions. Variations on the first model wur juist cosmetic updates. Anely the seicont model haed ony real mechanical differences. Aw caurs wur offered wi the option o a driver's side [[airbag]]. In teepical Honda fashion, the Beat's ingine didnae utilize a [[turbochairger]] or [[superchairger]]. The 656 cc (40.0 cu in) ingine wis modified wi the MTREC (Multi Throttle Responsive Ingine Control) system, wi [[individual throttle bodies]] for each o the three ceelinders, tae produce 64 PS (63&nbsp;bhp) at 8100&nbsp;rpm wi an electronically leemitit tap speed o 135&nbsp;km/h (84&nbsp;mph). Anerlie a [[manual transmission]] wis available. The MTREC design wad filter doun tae the 1993 [[Honda Today]] kei caur. The Beat wis pairt o a wave o kei caur-sized sports caurs in the early 1990s; its competitors includit the [[Suzuki Cappuccino]] an Mazda's [[Autozam AZ-1]]. Thegither thay anticipatit the arrival o the [[Smart Roadster]] ower a decade later, while Japan wadnae see a new model o the genre till the recent [[Daihatsu Copen]]. ==Successor== Best Car reportit that Honda wis plannin on the successor o the oreeginal Beat. It wad be a front ingine caur uisin the platform an 660cc ingine frae [[Honda Life]] an [[Honda Zest]].<ref>[http://www.autoblog.com/2009/04/16/the-beat-goes-on-honda-reportedly-looking-at-successor-to-kei-r/ The Beat Goes On? Honda reportedly looking at successor to kei-roadster]</ref> MotorTrend reportit that Honda recently lodged a patent suggestin that the successor o Beat coud be a mid-ingine caur.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/future/future_vehicles/1006_honda_to_fuse_s2000_beat_into_one/index.html |title=Honda to Fuse S2000 and Beat Into One |access-date=2010-12-04 |archive-date=2011-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805075733/http://www.motortrend.com/future/future_vehicles/1006_honda_to_fuse_s2000_beat_into_one/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons|Honda Beat}} *[http://www.kei-cars.com/index_files/beat_info.htm Honda Beat Specifications via Kei Cars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201406/http://www.kei-cars.com/index_files/beat_info.htm |date=2007-09-27 }} *[http://www.honda.co.jp/factbook/auto/BEAT/19910515/index.html Information from Honda {{ja icon}}] *[http://www.u-ukhbc.co.uk/SPEC.HTM Mair Specifications on UK owners club] {{Honda}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Honda vehicles|Beat]] [[Category:Kei caurs]] [[Category:Mid-ingined vehicles]] [[Category:Rear mid-ingine, rear-wheel drive vehicles]] [[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]] [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1991]] [[Category:Sports caurs]] [[Category:Roadsters]] [[Category:1990s automobiles]] 41gvru7pdfwy2mzwbvdssa2cothgpq5 922986 922984 2026-09-21T23:42:48Z CiphriusKane 74958 /* Freemit airtins */ Remuiv inappropriate fremmit airtins 922986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HondaBeat.JPG|250px|right]] The '''Honda Beat''' is a [[MR layoot|rear mid-ingine]]d twa-seat [[roadster]] [[kei caur]] produced frae in Mey 1991 til Februar 1996. The Beat wis the last caur tae be approved bi [[Soichiro Honda]] afore he dee'd in 1991. The tot nummer o caurs produced wis aroond 33,600. Maist o the production (aroond twa-thirds) occurred in the first year, an then production an sales fawed aff drastically. The design o the caur oreeginatit frae [[Pininfarina]], that then selt the design plan tae Honda. The Beat wis ane o mony caurs designed tae tak advantage o Japan's tax-efficient K class.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.classiccarsforsale.co.uk/classic-car-marques.php/marque/102 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-04 |archive-date=2008-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004233332/http://www.classiccarsforsale.co.uk/classic-car-marques.php/marque/102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thare wur twa mainstream models o the Beat (the PP1–100 an the PP1–110) an a couple o leemitit edition versions. Variations on the first model wur juist cosmetic updates. Anely the seicont model haed ony real mechanical differences. Aw caurs wur offered wi the option o a driver's side [[airbag]]. In teepical Honda fashion, the Beat's ingine didnae utilize a [[turbochairger]] or [[superchairger]]. The 656 cc (40.0 cu in) ingine wis modified wi the MTREC (Multi Throttle Responsive Ingine Control) system, wi [[individual throttle bodies]] for each o the three ceelinders, tae produce 64 PS (63&nbsp;bhp) at 8100&nbsp;rpm wi an electronically leemitit tap speed o 135&nbsp;km/h (84&nbsp;mph). Anerlie a [[manual transmission]] wis available. The MTREC design wad filter doun tae the 1993 [[Honda Today]] kei caur. The Beat wis pairt o a wave o kei caur-sized sports caurs in the early 1990s; its competitors includit the [[Suzuki Cappuccino]] an Mazda's [[Autozam AZ-1]]. Thegither thay anticipatit the arrival o the [[Smart Roadster]] ower a decade later, while Japan wadnae see a new model o the genre till the recent [[Daihatsu Copen]]. ==Successor== Best Car reportit that Honda wis plannin on the successor o the oreeginal Beat. It wad be a front ingine caur uisin the platform an 660cc ingine frae [[Honda Life]] an [[Honda Zest]].<ref>[http://www.autoblog.com/2009/04/16/the-beat-goes-on-honda-reportedly-looking-at-successor-to-kei-r/ The Beat Goes On? Honda reportedly looking at successor to kei-roadster]</ref> MotorTrend reportit that Honda recently lodged a patent suggestin that the successor o Beat coud be a mid-ingine caur.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/future/future_vehicles/1006_honda_to_fuse_s2000_beat_into_one/index.html |title=Honda to Fuse S2000 and Beat Into One |access-date=2010-12-04 |archive-date=2011-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805075733/http://www.motortrend.com/future/future_vehicles/1006_honda_to_fuse_s2000_beat_into_one/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Honda Beat}} {{Honda}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Honda vehicles|Beat]] [[Category:Kei caurs]] [[Category:Mid-ingined vehicles]] [[Category:Rear mid-ingine, rear-wheel drive vehicles]] [[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]] [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1991]] [[Category:Sports caurs]] [[Category:Roadsters]] [[Category:1990s automobiles]] tmaezn5uk9vqtend25f5yxr6gi3rfjz 0 37801 922974 918284 2026-09-21T19:47:53Z Hamaxides 136285 ":en:"s oot 922974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Gibraltar | common_name = Gibraltar | image_flag = Flag of Gibraltar.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg | symbol_width = 75px | image_map = EU-Gibraltar (pre-Brexit).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=daurk green|country={{nobold|Gibraltar}}|region=Europe |region_color=daurk grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green}} | image_map2 = Gibraltar map-en-edit2.svg | map2_width = 250px | map_caption2 = Map o Gibraltar | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Montis Insignia Calpe"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Badge o the Rock o Gibraltar"<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|title =National Symbols|publisher =Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate =21 June 2013|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141113200625/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|archive-date =13 November 2014|dead-url =yes|df =dmy-all}}</ref>}} | national_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]" {{small|(offeecial)}} <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</center><br/>"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" {{small|(local)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |title=Gibraltar: National anthem |work=[[CIA World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate=25 September 2011 |quote=National anthem: name: "Gibraltar Anthem" ... note: adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; because Gibraltar is a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |archive-date=2018-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412173438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | status = {{nowrap|[[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish Owerseas Territory]]}} | official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | languages_type = Spoken leids | languages = [[Inglish leid|Inglis]] <br> [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] <br>[[Llanito]] | capital = Gibraltar | coordinates = {{Coord|36|8|N|5|21|W|type:city}} | largest_settlement_type = district<br/>{{nobold|(by population)}} | largest_settlement = [[Westside, Gibraltar|Westside]] | ethnic_groups = [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]{{ref label|note_a|a}} <br> [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] <br> [[Maghrebis]] <br> [[South Asian]] | demonym = {{nowrap|[[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]<br/>Llanito {{small|([[colloquial]])}}}} | government_type = [[Representative democracy|Representative democratic]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[Dependent territory|dependency]] unner [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = [[Govrenor o Gibraltar|Govrenor]] | leader_name2 = [[David Steel (Ryal Navy officer)|Sir David Steel]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Meenister o Gibraltar|Chief Meenister]] | leader_name3 = [[Fabian Picardo]] | leader_title4 = [[Mayor o Gibraltar|Mayor]] | leader_name4 = [[John Gonçalves]] | leader_title5 = [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|UK government]] minister{{ref label|note_b|b}} | leader_name5 = [[Wendy Morton]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] | legislature = [[Gibraltar Pairlament|Pairlament]] | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]];(should not be any here as it is listed with a dash) --> | area_km2 = 6.7 | area_sq_mi = 2.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0 | population_estimate = 32,194<ref name="gibraltar.gov.gi">{{cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf|format=PDF|title=Census of Gibraltar|date=2012|website=Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate=3 August 2017}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 222nt | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_census = | population_census_year = 2012 | population_density_km2 = 4,328 | population_density_sq_mi = 11,320 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 5t | GDP_PPP = £1.64&nbsp;billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = £50,941 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = n/a | sovereignty_type = [[History o Gibraltar|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Captur o Gibraltar|Capturt]] | established_date1 = 4 August 1704<ref name="New Style">Gibraltar wis capturt on 24 Julie 1704 [[Auld Style]] or 4 August 1704 [[New Style]].</ref> | established_event2 = [[Treaty o Utrecht|Cedit]] | established_date2 = 11 Apryle 1713<ref>The treaty wis signed on 31 Mairch 1713 [[Auld Style]] or 11 Apryle 1713 [[New Style]] ([[:s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain|Peace an Friendship Treaty o Utrecht atween Fraunce an Great Breetain]]).</ref> | established_event3 = [[Gibraltar Naitional Day|Naitional Day]] | established_date3 = 10 September 1967 | established_event4 = Jynt the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]] | established_date4 = 1 Januar 1973{{ref label|note_c|c}} | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2015 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.961 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAiCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62#v=onepage Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons (2015)] Avakov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. Algora Publishing, 1 April 2015.</ref> | HDI_rank = 5th | currency = [[Gibraltar poond]] ([[Poond sign|£]]){{ref label|note_d|d}} | currency_code = GIP | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right{{ref label|note_e|e}} | calling_code = [[+350]]{{ref label|note_f|f}} | patron_saint = {{unbulleted list |[[Bernard o Clairvaux]] |[[Oor Leddy o Europe]]}} | cctld = [[.gi]]{{ref label|note_g|g}} | footnote_a = {{note|note_a}} O mixed [[Genoa|Genoese]], [[Maltese fowk|Maltese]], [[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]] an [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]] strynd. | footnote_b = {{note|note_b}} Meenister o State in the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] wi responsibility for Europe an the Americaes. | footnote_c = {{note|note_c}} As a [[Special Member State territories an the European Union|Special Member State territory]] o the Unitit Kinrick. | footnote_d = {{note|note_d}} Cunyies an sterling notes are issued bi the Govrenment o Gibraltar. | footnote_e = {{note|note_e}} Unlik aw ither UK dependencies except the [[Breetish Indie Ocean Territory]], syne 16 Juin 1929. | footnote_f = {{note|note_f}} 9567 frae Spain before 10 Februar 2007. | footnote_g = {{note|note_g}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aw uised, shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. <big><br/><br/>[[Postcodes in the Unitit Kinrick#Owvrseas territories|UK Postcode:]] GX11 1AA</big><ref name="gx111aa">{{cite web|url=http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|title=Universal Postal Union document on Gibraltar|website=Upu.int|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413022455/http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Gibraltar''' ({{IPA-en|dʒɨˈbrɒltəɹ}};{{IPA-es|xiβɾalˈtaɾ}}) is a wee [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territory]] locatit on the soothren end o the [[Iberie Peninsulae]] at the entrance o the [[Mediterranean]]. It haes an aurie o {{convert|6.8|km2|sqmi}} an a [[Gibraltar-Spain border|northren border]] wi [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The [[Rock o Gibraltar]] is the major laundmerk o the region. At its fuit is the densely populatit ceety aurie, hame tae amaist 30,000 [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]s an ither naitionalities.<ref>{{cite web | first = Statistics Office | authorlink = | last2 = | first2 = | authorlink2 = statistics@gibraltar.gov.gi | title = Abstract of Statistics 2009, Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar | page = 2 | origyear = 2009 | url = http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | access-date = 2012-09-14 | archive-date = 2014-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033409/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | url-status = dead }} ''The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included.'' In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native born, 3,129 UK British, 2,395 Other for a total population of 29,431. On census night there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.</ref> An Anglo-Dutch force [[captur o Gibraltar|captured Gibraltar]] frae Spain in 1704 durin the [[War o the Spaingie Succession]]. The territory wis subsequently cedit tae Breetain "in perpetuity" unner the [[Treaty o Utrecht]] in 1713. It wis an important base for the [[Ryal Navy]]; the day its economy is based lairgely on tourism, financial services, an shippin.<ref name="FCO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205312/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/gibraltar?profile=economy Country Profiles: Gibraltar], [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], 6 May 2010; retrieved 15 May 2010</ref><ref name="Maec">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325220954/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar], Spanish Foreign Ministry {{es icon}}</ref> The sovereignty o Gibraltar is a major pynt o contention in [[Spain–United Kingdom relations|Anglo-Spaingie relations]] as Spain asserts [[Disputit status o Gibraltar|a claim tae the territory]].<ref name="Maec"/> Gibraltarians rejectit proposals for Spainyie sovereignty in a 1967 referendum an again in 2002. Unner the [[Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006|Gibraltar constitution o 2006]], Gibraltar govrens its awn affairs, tho some pouers, such as defence an foreign relations, remain the responsibility o the UK Govrenment. ==Etymologie== The name ''Gibraltar'' is the Spaingie derivation o the [[Arabic]] name ''Jabal-ı Tārık'' (جبل طارق), meanin "muntain o Tariq."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|title=History of Gibraltar|accessdate=20 December 2007|date=|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|archive-date=2008-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103220336/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It refers tae the geological formation, the [[Rock o Gibraltar]], which in turn wis namit efter the [[Berber fowk|Berber]] [[Umayyad]] general [[Tariq ibn-Ziyad]] who led the initial incursion [[Umayyad conquest o Hispania|intae Iberie in advance o the main Moorish force]] in 711 unner the command o Umayyad Caliph [[Al-Walid I]]. Earlier, it wis kent as ''[[Mons Calpe]]'', ane o the [[Pillars of Hercules]]. The day, Gibraltar is colloquially referred tae as ''Gib'' or ''the Rock''. ==Toun twinnins== ;Current *[[Ballymena]], [[Northren Ireland]], Unitit Kinrick (2006). *[[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] (2009) ==See an aw== *[[Gibraltarian fowk]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://dotcom.gi/map Interactive Map o Gibraltar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329062117/http://www.dotcom.gi/map/ |date=2007-03-29 }} *[http://www.gibraltar.com Gibraltar.com – Complete information portal for Gibraltar] *[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi Govrenment o Gibraltar] {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Gibraltar| ]] [[Category:Arabic loanwirds]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Heidlands o Europe]] [[Category:Jewish Spaingie history]] [[Category:Peninsulaes o Europe]] [[Category:Umayyad Caliphate]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] lypj8gsiovcf5brktbjxt3xz4jwvi7v 922980 922974 2026-09-21T23:14:14Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed reference 922980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Gibraltar | common_name = Gibraltar | image_flag = Flag of Gibraltar.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg | symbol_width = 75px | image_map = EU-Gibraltar (pre-Brexit).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=daurk green|country={{nobold|Gibraltar}}|region=Europe |region_color=daurk grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green}} | image_map2 = Gibraltar map-en-edit2.svg | map2_width = 250px | map_caption2 = Map o Gibraltar | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Montis Insignia Calpe"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Badge o the Rock o Gibraltar"<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|title =National Symbols|publisher =Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate =21 June 2013|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141113200625/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|archive-date =13 November 2014|dead-url =yes|df =dmy-all}}</ref>}} | national_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]" {{small|(offeecial)}} <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</center><br/>"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" {{small|(local)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |title=Gibraltar: National anthem |work=[[CIA World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate=25 September 2011 |quote=National anthem: name: "Gibraltar Anthem" ... note: adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; because Gibraltar is a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |archive-date=2018-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412173438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | status = {{nowrap|[[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish Owerseas Territory]]}} | official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | languages_type = Spoken leids | languages = [[Inglish leid|Inglis]] <br> [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] <br>[[Llanito]] | capital = Gibraltar | coordinates = {{Coord|36|8|N|5|21|W|type:city}} | largest_settlement_type = district<br/>{{nobold|(by population)}} | largest_settlement = [[Westside, Gibraltar|Westside]] | ethnic_groups = [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]{{ref label|note_a|a}} <br> [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] <br> [[Maghrebis]] <br> [[South Asian]] | demonym = {{nowrap|[[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]<br/>Llanito {{small|([[colloquial]])}}}} | government_type = [[Representative democracy|Representative democratic]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[Dependent territory|dependency]] unner [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = [[Govrenor o Gibraltar|Govrenor]] | leader_name2 = [[David Steel (Ryal Navy officer)|Sir David Steel]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Meenister o Gibraltar|Chief Meenister]] | leader_name3 = [[Fabian Picardo]] | leader_title4 = [[Mayor o Gibraltar|Mayor]] | leader_name4 = [[John Gonçalves]] | leader_title5 = [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|UK government]] minister{{ref label|note_b|b}} | leader_name5 = [[Wendy Morton]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] | legislature = [[Gibraltar Pairlament|Pairlament]] | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]];(should not be any here as it is listed with a dash) --> | area_km2 = 6.7 | area_sq_mi = 2.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0 | population_estimate = 32,194<ref name="gibraltar.gov.gi">{{cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf|format=PDF|title=Census of Gibraltar|date=2012|website=Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate=3 August 2017}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 222nt | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_census = | population_census_year = 2012 | population_density_km2 = 4,328 | population_density_sq_mi = 11,320 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 5t | GDP_PPP = £1.64&nbsp;billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = £50,941 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = n/a | sovereignty_type = [[History o Gibraltar|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Captur o Gibraltar|Capturt]] | established_date1 = 4 August 1704<ref name="New Style">Gibraltar wis capturt on 24 Julie 1704 [[Auld Style]] or 4 August 1704 [[New Style]].</ref> | established_event2 = [[Treaty o Utrecht|Cedit]] | established_date2 = 11 Apryle 1713<ref>The treaty wis signed on 31 Mairch 1713 [[Auld Style]] or 11 Apryle 1713 [[New Style]] ([[:s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain|Peace an Friendship Treaty o Utrecht atween Fraunce an Great Breetain]]).</ref> | established_event3 = [[Gibraltar Naitional Day|Naitional Day]] | established_date3 = 10 September 1967 | established_event4 = Jynt the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]] | established_date4 = 1 Januar 1973{{ref label|note_c|c}} | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2015 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.961 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAiCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62#v=onepage Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons (2015)] Avakov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. Algora Publishing, 1 April 2015.</ref> | HDI_rank = 5th | currency = [[Gibraltar poond]] ([[Poond sign|£]]){{ref label|note_d|d}} | currency_code = GIP | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right{{ref label|note_e|e}} | calling_code = [[+350]]{{ref label|note_f|f}} | patron_saint = {{unbulleted list |[[Bernard o Clairvaux]] |[[Oor Leddy o Europe]]}} | cctld = [[.gi]]{{ref label|note_g|g}} | footnote_a = {{note|note_a}} O mixed [[Genoa|Genoese]], [[Maltese fowk|Maltese]], [[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]] an [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]] strynd. | footnote_b = {{note|note_b}} Meenister o State in the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] wi responsibility for Europe an the Americaes. | footnote_c = {{note|note_c}} As a [[Special Member State territories an the European Union|Special Member State territory]] o the Unitit Kinrick. | footnote_d = {{note|note_d}} Cunyies an sterling notes are issued bi the Govrenment o Gibraltar. | footnote_e = {{note|note_e}} Unlik aw ither UK dependencies except the [[Breetish Indie Ocean Territory]], syne 16 Juin 1929. | footnote_f = {{note|note_f}} 9567 frae Spain before 10 Februar 2007. | footnote_g = {{note|note_g}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aw uised, shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. <big><br/><br/>[[Postcodes in the Unitit Kinrick#Owvrseas territories|UK Postcode:]] GX11 1AA</big><ref name="gx111aa">{{cite web|url=http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|title=Universal Postal Union document on Gibraltar|website=Upu.int|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413022455/http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Gibraltar''' ({{IPA-en|dʒɨˈbrɒltəɹ}};{{IPA-es|xiβɾalˈtaɾ}}) is a wee [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territory]] locatit on the soothren end o the [[Iberie Peninsulae]] at the entrance o the [[Mediterranean]]. It haes an aurie o {{convert|6.8|km2|sqmi}} an a [[Gibraltar-Spain border|northren border]] wi [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The [[Rock o Gibraltar]] is the major laundmerk o the region. At its fuit is the densely populatit ceety aurie, hame tae amaist 30,000 [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]s an ither naitionalities.<ref>{{cite web | website = statistics@gibraltar.gov.gi | title = Abstract of Statistics 2009, Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar | page = 2 | origyear = 2009 | url = http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | access-date = 2012-09-14 | archive-date = 2014-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033409/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | url-status = dead }} ''The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included.'' In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native born, 3,129 UK British, 2,395 Other for a total population of 29,431. On census night there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.</ref> An Anglo-Dutch force [[captur o Gibraltar|captured Gibraltar]] frae Spain in 1704 durin the [[War o the Spaingie Succession]]. The territory wis subsequently cedit tae Breetain "in perpetuity" unner the [[Treaty o Utrecht]] in 1713. It wis an important base for the [[Ryal Navy]]; the day its economy is based lairgely on tourism, financial services, an shippin.<ref name="FCO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205312/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/gibraltar?profile=economy Country Profiles: Gibraltar], [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], 6 May 2010; retrieved 15 May 2010</ref><ref name="Maec">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325220954/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar], Spanish Foreign Ministry {{es icon}}</ref> The sovereignty o Gibraltar is a major pynt o contention in [[Spain–United Kingdom relations|Anglo-Spaingie relations]] as Spain asserts [[Disputit status o Gibraltar|a claim tae the territory]].<ref name="Maec"/> Gibraltarians rejectit proposals for Spainyie sovereignty in a 1967 referendum an again in 2002. Unner the [[Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006|Gibraltar constitution o 2006]], Gibraltar govrens its awn affairs, tho some pouers, such as defence an foreign relations, remain the responsibility o the UK Govrenment. ==Etymologie== The name ''Gibraltar'' is the Spaingie derivation o the [[Arabic]] name ''Jabal-ı Tārık'' (جبل طارق), meanin "muntain o Tariq."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|title=History of Gibraltar|accessdate=20 December 2007|date=|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|archive-date=2008-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103220336/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It refers tae the geological formation, the [[Rock o Gibraltar]], which in turn wis namit efter the [[Berber fowk|Berber]] [[Umayyad]] general [[Tariq ibn-Ziyad]] who led the initial incursion [[Umayyad conquest o Hispania|intae Iberie in advance o the main Moorish force]] in 711 unner the command o Umayyad Caliph [[Al-Walid I]]. Earlier, it wis kent as ''[[Mons Calpe]]'', ane o the [[Pillars of Hercules]]. The day, Gibraltar is colloquially referred tae as ''Gib'' or ''the Rock''. ==Toun twinnins== ;Current *[[Ballymena]], [[Northren Ireland]], Unitit Kinrick (2006). *[[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] (2009) ==See an aw== *[[Gibraltarian fowk]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://dotcom.gi/map Interactive Map o Gibraltar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329062117/http://www.dotcom.gi/map/ |date=2007-03-29 }} *[http://www.gibraltar.com Gibraltar.com – Complete information portal for Gibraltar] *[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi Govrenment o Gibraltar] {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Gibraltar| ]] [[Category:Arabic loanwirds]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Heidlands o Europe]] [[Category:Jewish Spaingie history]] [[Category:Peninsulaes o Europe]] [[Category:Umayyad Caliphate]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] ric51mv5cv7zoay213bdlosrwztvi87 922981 922980 2026-09-21T23:18:51Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed reference 922981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Gibraltar | common_name = Gibraltar | image_flag = Flag of Gibraltar.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg | symbol_width = 75px | image_map = EU-Gibraltar (pre-Brexit).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=daurk green|country={{nobold|Gibraltar}}|region=Europe |region_color=daurk grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green}} | image_map2 = Gibraltar map-en-edit2.svg | map2_width = 250px | map_caption2 = Map o Gibraltar | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Montis Insignia Calpe"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Badge o the Rock o Gibraltar"<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|title =National Symbols|publisher =Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate =21 June 2013|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141113200625/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|archive-date =13 November 2014||df =dmy-all}}</ref>}} | national_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]" {{small|(offeecial)}} <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</center><br/>"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" {{small|(local)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |title=Gibraltar: National anthem |work=[[CIA World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate=25 September 2011 |quote=National anthem: name: "Gibraltar Anthem" ... note: adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; because Gibraltar is a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |archive-date=2018-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412173438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | status = {{nowrap|[[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish Owerseas Territory]]}} | official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | languages_type = Spoken leids | languages = [[Inglish leid|Inglis]] <br> [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] <br>[[Llanito]] | capital = Gibraltar | coordinates = {{Coord|36|8|N|5|21|W|type:city}} | largest_settlement_type = district<br/>{{nobold|(by population)}} | largest_settlement = [[Westside, Gibraltar|Westside]] | ethnic_groups = [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]{{ref label|note_a|a}} <br> [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] <br> [[Maghrebis]] <br> [[South Asian]] | demonym = {{nowrap|[[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]<br/>Llanito {{small|([[colloquial]])}}}} | government_type = [[Representative democracy|Representative democratic]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[Dependent territory|dependency]] unner [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = [[Govrenor o Gibraltar|Govrenor]] | leader_name2 = [[David Steel (Ryal Navy officer)|Sir David Steel]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Meenister o Gibraltar|Chief Meenister]] | leader_name3 = [[Fabian Picardo]] | leader_title4 = [[Mayor o Gibraltar|Mayor]] | leader_name4 = [[John Gonçalves]] | leader_title5 = [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|UK government]] minister{{ref label|note_b|b}} | leader_name5 = [[Wendy Morton]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] | legislature = [[Gibraltar Pairlament|Pairlament]] | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]];(should not be any here as it is listed with a dash) --> | area_km2 = 6.7 | area_sq_mi = 2.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0 | population_estimate = 32,194<ref name="gibraltar.gov.gi">{{cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf|format=PDF|title=Census of Gibraltar|date=2012|website=Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate=3 August 2017}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 222nt | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_census = | population_census_year = 2012 | population_density_km2 = 4,328 | population_density_sq_mi = 11,320 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 5t | GDP_PPP = £1.64&nbsp;billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = £50,941 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = n/a | sovereignty_type = [[History o Gibraltar|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Captur o Gibraltar|Capturt]] | established_date1 = 4 August 1704<ref name="New Style">Gibraltar wis capturt on 24 Julie 1704 [[Auld Style]] or 4 August 1704 [[New Style]].</ref> | established_event2 = [[Treaty o Utrecht|Cedit]] | established_date2 = 11 Apryle 1713<ref>The treaty wis signed on 31 Mairch 1713 [[Auld Style]] or 11 Apryle 1713 [[New Style]] ([[:s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain|Peace an Friendship Treaty o Utrecht atween Fraunce an Great Breetain]]).</ref> | established_event3 = [[Gibraltar Naitional Day|Naitional Day]] | established_date3 = 10 September 1967 | established_event4 = Jynt the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]] | established_date4 = 1 Januar 1973{{ref label|note_c|c}} | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2015 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.961 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAiCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62#v=onepage Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons (2015)] Avakov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. Algora Publishing, 1 April 2015.</ref> | HDI_rank = 5th | currency = [[Gibraltar poond]] ([[Poond sign|£]]){{ref label|note_d|d}} | currency_code = GIP | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right{{ref label|note_e|e}} | calling_code = [[+350]]{{ref label|note_f|f}} | patron_saint = {{unbulleted list |[[Bernard o Clairvaux]] |[[Oor Leddy o Europe]]}} | cctld = [[.gi]]{{ref label|note_g|g}} | footnote_a = {{note|note_a}} O mixed [[Genoa|Genoese]], [[Maltese fowk|Maltese]], [[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]] an [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]] strynd. | footnote_b = {{note|note_b}} Meenister o State in the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] wi responsibility for Europe an the Americaes. | footnote_c = {{note|note_c}} As a [[Special Member State territories an the European Union|Special Member State territory]] o the Unitit Kinrick. | footnote_d = {{note|note_d}} Cunyies an sterling notes are issued bi the Govrenment o Gibraltar. | footnote_e = {{note|note_e}} Unlik aw ither UK dependencies except the [[Breetish Indie Ocean Territory]], syne 16 Juin 1929. | footnote_f = {{note|note_f}} 9567 frae Spain before 10 Februar 2007. | footnote_g = {{note|note_g}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aw uised, shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. <big><br/><br/>[[Postcodes in the Unitit Kinrick#Owvrseas territories|UK Postcode:]] GX11 1AA</big><ref name="gx111aa">{{cite web|url=http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|title=Universal Postal Union document on Gibraltar|website=Upu.int|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413022455/http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Gibraltar''' ({{IPA-en|dʒɨˈbrɒltəɹ}};{{IPA-es|xiβɾalˈtaɾ}}) is a wee [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territory]] locatit on the soothren end o the [[Iberie Peninsulae]] at the entrance o the [[Mediterranean]]. It haes an aurie o {{convert|6.8|km2|sqmi}} an a [[Gibraltar-Spain border|northren border]] wi [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The [[Rock o Gibraltar]] is the major laundmerk o the region. At its fuit is the densely populatit ceety aurie, hame tae amaist 30,000 [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]s an ither naitionalities.<ref>{{cite web | website = statistics@gibraltar.gov.gi | title = Abstract of Statistics 2009, Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar | page = 2 | origyear = 2009 | url = http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | access-date = 2012-09-14 | archive-date = 2014-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033409/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | url-status = dead }} ''The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included.'' In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native born, 3,129 UK British, 2,395 Other for a total population of 29,431. On census night there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.</ref> An Anglo-Dutch force [[captur o Gibraltar|captured Gibraltar]] frae Spain in 1704 durin the [[War o the Spaingie Succession]]. The territory wis subsequently cedit tae Breetain "in perpetuity" unner the [[Treaty o Utrecht]] in 1713. It wis an important base for the [[Ryal Navy]]; the day its economy is based lairgely on tourism, financial services, an shippin.<ref name="FCO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205312/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/gibraltar?profile=economy Country Profiles: Gibraltar], [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], 6 May 2010; retrieved 15 May 2010</ref><ref name="Maec">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325220954/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar], Spanish Foreign Ministry {{es icon}}</ref> The sovereignty o Gibraltar is a major pynt o contention in [[Spain–United Kingdom relations|Anglo-Spaingie relations]] as Spain asserts [[Disputit status o Gibraltar|a claim tae the territory]].<ref name="Maec"/> Gibraltarians rejectit proposals for Spainyie sovereignty in a 1967 referendum an again in 2002. Unner the [[Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006|Gibraltar constitution o 2006]], Gibraltar govrens its awn affairs, tho some pouers, such as defence an foreign relations, remain the responsibility o the UK Govrenment. ==Etymologie== The name ''Gibraltar'' is the Spaingie derivation o the [[Arabic]] name ''Jabal-ı Tārık'' (جبل طارق), meanin "muntain o Tariq."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|title=History of Gibraltar|accessdate=20 December 2007|date=|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|archive-date=2008-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103220336/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It refers tae the geological formation, the [[Rock o Gibraltar]], which in turn wis namit efter the [[Berber fowk|Berber]] [[Umayyad]] general [[Tariq ibn-Ziyad]] who led the initial incursion [[Umayyad conquest o Hispania|intae Iberie in advance o the main Moorish force]] in 711 unner the command o Umayyad Caliph [[Al-Walid I]]. Earlier, it wis kent as ''[[Mons Calpe]]'', ane o the [[Pillars of Hercules]]. The day, Gibraltar is colloquially referred tae as ''Gib'' or ''the Rock''. ==Toun twinnins== ;Current *[[Ballymena]], [[Northren Ireland]], Unitit Kinrick (2006). *[[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] (2009) ==See an aw== *[[Gibraltarian fowk]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://dotcom.gi/map Interactive Map o Gibraltar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329062117/http://www.dotcom.gi/map/ |date=2007-03-29 }} *[http://www.gibraltar.com Gibraltar.com – Complete information portal for Gibraltar] *[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi Govrenment o Gibraltar] {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Gibraltar| ]] [[Category:Arabic loanwirds]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Heidlands o Europe]] [[Category:Jewish Spaingie history]] [[Category:Peninsulaes o Europe]] [[Category:Umayyad Caliphate]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] 6cqtuuefry9yaby14kkdyi1r1xioap0 10 61631 922987 922946 2026-09-21T23:50:42Z Munci 6841 new daiths 922987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In the news/image | image = File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg | width = | caption = John Swinney | title = | link = | border = | caption align = left }} *<!--Sep 15--> The first meenisters o [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] an [[Northren Ireland]] meet in [[Cardiff]] tae sign a Memorandum o Unnerstaunin tae assert the richt tae sel-determination as weel as wirk thegither on shared pairty policies. *<!--May 26--> [[Pope Leo XIV]] issues his first encyclical, '''''Magnifica Humanitas''''', which expresses concerns aboot [[artifeecial intelligence]]. *<!--May 20--> [[John Swinney]] (richt) fae the [[SNP]] is re-electit as first meenister o Scotland {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Climate crisis]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Gaza-Israel War]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Sudan]]ese Civil War *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Kivu]] War *<!--2014 til nou--> [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] |recentdeaths = <!-- "Recent deaths" gangs here. Uise * wiki list format. Aye stert on a new line an end wi a linebreak. Dinnae leave a blank line atween items. --> *<!--Sep 19--> [[Willie Callaghan]], Scottish fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Jacko McDonagh]], Erse fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Chad Gilbert]], American guitarist, record producer an sangscreiver *<!--Sep--> [[Pilar Malla Escofet]], Catalan politeecian *<!--Sep 17--> [[Gary McCracken]], Canadian drummer *<!--Sep 17--> [[Duncan Sheik]], American sangscreiver, componer an actor *<!--Sep 17--> [[Kōichi Watanabe]], Japanese politeecian }} <noinclude> {{active editnotice}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> 5t9uu200aq1v53b7aooimuk7vlv51fb 922988 922987 2026-09-21T23:51:47Z Munci 6841 new war 922988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In the news/image | image = File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg | width = | caption = John Swinney | title = | link = | border = | caption align = left }} *<!--Sep 15--> The first meenisters o [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] an [[Northren Ireland]] meet in [[Cardiff]] tae sign a Memorandum o Unnerstaunin tae assert the richt tae sel-determination as weel as wirk thegither on shared pairty policies. *<!--May 26--> [[Pope Leo XIV]] issues his first encyclical, '''''Magnifica Humanitas''''', which expresses concerns aboot [[artifeecial intelligence]]. *<!--May 20--> [[John Swinney]] (richt) fae the [[SNP]] is re-electit as first meenister o Scotland {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = *<!--1970 til nou--> [[Climate crisis]] *<!--2026 til nou--> [[US-Iran War]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Gaza-Israel War]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Sudan]]ese Civil War *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Kivu]] War *<!--2014 til nou--> [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] |recentdeaths = <!-- "Recent deaths" gangs here. Uise * wiki list format. Aye stert on a new line an end wi a linebreak. Dinnae leave a blank line atween items. --> *<!--Sep 19--> [[Willie Callaghan]], Scottish fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Jacko McDonagh]], Erse fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Chad Gilbert]], American guitarist, record producer an sangscreiver *<!--Sep--> [[Pilar Malla Escofet]], Catalan politeecian *<!--Sep 17--> [[Gary McCracken]], Canadian drummer *<!--Sep 17--> [[Duncan Sheik]], American sangscreiver, componer an actor *<!--Sep 17--> [[Kōichi Watanabe]], Japanese politeecian }} <noinclude> {{active editnotice}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9d0tyvrzkwimj21n3u1jkxzm4c6o4jz 922989 922988 2026-09-21T23:54:46Z Munci 6841 nae airticle yit an eith thocht on alternative 922989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In the news/image | image = File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg | width = | caption = John Swinney | title = | link = | border = | caption align = left }} *<!--Sep 15--> The first meenisters o [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] an [[Northren Ireland]] meet in [[Cardiff]] tae sign a Memorandum o Unnerstaunin tae assert the richt tae sel-determination as weel as wirk thegither on shared pairty policies. *<!--May 26--> [[Pope Leo XIV]] issues his first encyclical, '''''Magnifica Humanitas''''', which expresses concerns aboot [[artifeecial intelligence]]. *<!--May 20--> [[John Swinney]] (richt) fae the [[SNP]] is re-electit as first meenister o Scotland {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = *<!--1970 til nou--> [[Climate crisis]] *<!--2026 til nou--> [[US]]-[[Iran War]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Gaza-Israel War]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Sudan]]ese Civil War *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Kivu]] War *<!--2014 til nou--> [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] |recentdeaths = <!-- "Recent deaths" gangs here. Uise * wiki list format. Aye stert on a new line an end wi a linebreak. Dinnae leave a blank line atween items. --> *<!--Sep 19--> [[Willie Callaghan]], Scottish fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Jacko McDonagh]], Erse fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Chad Gilbert]], American guitarist, record producer an sangscreiver *<!--Sep--> [[Pilar Malla Escofet]], Catalan politeecian *<!--Sep 17--> [[Gary McCracken]], Canadian drummer *<!--Sep 17--> [[Duncan Sheik]], American sangscreiver, componer an actor *<!--Sep 17--> [[Kōichi Watanabe]], Japanese politeecian }} <noinclude> {{active editnotice}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6818j1nz5fhtfmabacedluiqxzfjhex 922990 922989 2026-09-21T23:55:07Z Munci 6841 922990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In the news/image | image = File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg | width = | caption = John Swinney | title = | link = | border = | caption align = left }} *<!--Sep 15--> The first meenisters o [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] an [[Northren Ireland]] meet in [[Cardiff]] tae sign a Memorandum o Unnerstaunin tae assert the richt tae sel-determination as weel as wirk thegither on shared pairty policies. *<!--May 26--> [[Pope Leo XIV]] issues his first encyclical, '''''Magnifica Humanitas''''', which expresses concerns aboot [[artifeecial intelligence]]. *<!--May 20--> [[John Swinney]] (richt) fae the [[SNP]] is re-electit as first meenister o Scotland {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = *<!--1970 til nou--> [[Climate crisis]] *<!--2026 til nou--> [[US]]-[[Iran]] War *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Gaza-Israel War]] *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Sudan]]ese Civil War *<!--2023 til nou--> [[Kivu]] War *<!--2014 til nou--> [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] |recentdeaths = <!-- "Recent deaths" gangs here. Uise * wiki list format. Aye stert on a new line an end wi a linebreak. Dinnae leave a blank line atween items. --> *<!--Sep 19--> [[Willie Callaghan]], Scottish fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Jacko McDonagh]], Erse fitbawer *<!--Sep--> [[Chad Gilbert]], American guitarist, record producer an sangscreiver *<!--Sep--> [[Pilar Malla Escofet]], Catalan politeecian *<!--Sep 17--> [[Gary McCracken]], Canadian drummer *<!--Sep 17--> [[Duncan Sheik]], American sangscreiver, componer an actor *<!--Sep 17--> [[Kōichi Watanabe]], Japanese politeecian }} <noinclude> {{active editnotice}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> a20mj1d197sssdnu99yigzbt1f0ww7s 0 66842 922993 906613 2026-09-22T01:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 922993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country |conventional_long_name = Netherlands East Indies |native_name = Nederlands-Oost-Indië<br>Hindia-Belanda |common_name = Netherlands East Indies |country = Indonesie |anthem= [[Wilhelmus]] |continent = Asie |status = Colony |status_text = [[Dutch colony]] (1800-1942, 1945-1950) |empire = NL |life_span = 1800&ndash;1942<br/>1945&ndash;1950^a |p1 = Dutch East Indie Company in Indonesie |flag_p1 = Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg |p2 = Japanese occupation o the Dutch East Indies |flag_p2 = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg |s1 = Strait Settlements |flag_s1 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |s2 = Japanese occupation o the Dutch East Indies |flag_s2 = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg |s3 = Indonesie |flag_s3 = Flag of Indonesia.svg |s4= Netherlands New Guinea |flag_s4 = Flag of West Papua.svg |flag = Banner o the Kinrick o the Netherlands#Netherlands East Indies |image_flag = Flag of the Netherlands.svg |image_coat =State Coat of Arms of the Netherlands.svg |image_map = Evolution of the Dutch East Indies.png |image_map_caption = Cairt o the Dutch East Indies shawin its territorial expansion frae 1800 tae its fullest extent prior tae Japanese occupation in 1942. |capital = [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] <small>(nou [[Jakarta]])</small> |common_languages = {{nowrap|[[Indonesian leid|Indonesian]]<br/>[[Dutch leid|Dutch]]<br/>[[Leids o Indonesie|Indigenous leids]]}} |religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br/>[[Christianity]]<br/>[[Hinduism]]<br/>[[Buddhism]] |government_type = [[Colony|Colonial administration]] |title_leader = [[Govrenor-General o the Dutch East Indies|Govrenor-General]] |leader1 = {{nowrap|[[Pieter Gerardus van Overstraten|Pieter G. van Overstraten]]}} |year_leader1 = 1800&ndash;1801 <small>(first)</small> |leader2 = A. H. J. Lovink^a |year_leader2 = 1949 <small>(last)</small> |event_pre = [[Dutch East Indie Company in Indonesie|VOC era]] |date_pre = 1603&ndash;1800 |year_start = 1800 |date_start = 1 Januar |event_start = [[Dutch East Indie Company|VOC]] nationalised |event1 = [[Japanese occupation o Indonesie|Japanese occupation]]<ref>Friend (1942), Vickers (2003), Ricklefs (1991), Reid (1974), Taylor (2003).</ref> |date_event1 = {{nowrap|Feb 1942{{spaced ndash}}Aug 1945}} |event2 = {{nowrap|[[Proclamation o Indonesian Unthirldom|Unthirldom proclaimed]]}} |date_event2 = 17 August 1945 |event3 = [[Dutch-Indonesian Roond Table Conference|Dutch recogneetion as the Autonomous Republic within the Netherlands]] |date_event3 = 27 December 1949 |event_end = [[Unitit States o Indonesie|Unthirldom]] frae the [[Netherlands]] efter [[Unitit States o Indonesie|Unitit Indonesian States Dissolved]] |year_end = 1950 |date_end = 17 August |stat_year1 = 1930 |stat_pop1 = 60,727,233 |currency = {{nowrap|[[Netherlands Indies gulden|Dutch East Indies gulden]]}} |today = {{flag|Indonesia}}, {{flag|Malaysia}} |footnote_a = Occupied bi Japanese forces atween 1942 an 1945, follaed bi the [[Indonesian Naitional Revolution]] till 1949. Indonesie proclaimed its unthirldom on 17 August 1945. Netherlands New Guinea wis transferred tae Indonesie in 1963. |largest_city=[[Surabaya|Soerabaia]]<ref name="amazon.com">{{Cite book|title=Surabaya City Of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900–2000 (Ohio RIS Southeast Asia Series): Howard Dick: 9780896802216: Amazon.com: Books|url=https://archive.org/details/surabayacityofwo0000dick|work=amazon.com|isbn = 978-0896802216|last1 = Dick|first1 = Howard W.|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_1st_ed._v._18.djvu/816|title=Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/816 - Wikisource, the free online library|website=en.wikisource.org|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>}} The '''Dutch East Indies''' (or '''Netherlands East Indies'''; {{lang-nl|Nederlands-Oost-Indië}}; {{lang-id|Hindia-Belanda}}) wis a [[Dutch colony]] that becam modren [[Indonesie]] follaein [[Warld War II]]. It wis furmed frae the naitionalised colonies o the [[Dutch East Indie Company]], which came unner the admeenistration o the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] govrenment frae 1800 till 1950. [[Indonesie]] declared unthirldom frae the [[Netherlands]] tae commemorate the 5t anniversary o [[Indonesian Naitional Revolution|unthirldom frae Japan]] efter the [[Unitit Indonesian States]] war dissolvit. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dutch East Indies| ]] [[Category:New Imperialism]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras in Sootheast Asie]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1800]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1942]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1945]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1949]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras in Indonesian history]] pxzrz4suhij7id5qe9dbvurt03s6gj3 0 81706 922991 921506 2026-09-22T00:31:18Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tag 922991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Xochimilco | settlement_type = [[Burghs o Mexico Ceety|Burgh o Mexico Ceety]] | image_skyline = Trajinera en canal Nativitas.jpg | image_caption = rajinera boats at Xochimilco | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Mexico]] | subdivision_type1 = Ceety | subdivision_name1 = [[Mexico Ceety]] | coordinates = {{coord|19|16|30|N|99|08|20|W|display=inline}} | timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset1 = −6 | timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −5 | footnotes = {{designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = [[Historic centre o Mexico Ceety]] an Xochimilco | designation1_date = 1987 <small>(11t [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv, v | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/412 412] | designation1_free1name = State Pairty | designation1_free1value = Mexico | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = Laitin Americae an the Caribbean }} }} '''Xochimilco''' ({{IPA-es|sotʃiˈmilko|IPA}}) is ane o the 16 [[burghs o Mexico Ceety|''delegaciones'']] or burghs athin [[Mexico Ceety|Federal Destrict]]. The borough is centred on the umwhile unthirlt ceety o Xochimilco, which wis established on wha wis the soothren shore o ''Loch Xochimilco'' in the pre-Hispanic period.{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|Xochimilco}} *{{es icon}} [http://www.xochimilco.df.gob.mx/ Offeecial '''Xochimilco''' wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020808031049/http://www.df.gob.mx/ |date=2002-08-08 }} — ''Delegación Xochimilco''. *{{en icon}} [http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/beaten-track/news-haunted-island-where-dolls-come-life#new Environmentalgraffiti.com blog: "The Island of Dolls"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614171815/http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/beaten-track/news-haunted-island-where-dolls-come-life#new |date=2010-06-14 }} — ''airticle an photographs''. {{-}} {{Stub/Mexico}}{{Burghs o Mexico Ceety}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Burghs o Mexico Ceety]] [[Category:Aztec steids]] [[Category:History o Mexico Ceety]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Mexico Ceety]] [[Category:1968 Simmer Olympic venues]] [[Category:Olympic canoein venues]] [[Category:Olympic rowin venues]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Mexico]] [[Category:Nahuatl wirds an phrases]] 88igzsy8fh84wmy26ze5hxsty1ncw7u 0 85667 922975 892792 2026-09-21T19:53:43Z Hamaxides 136285 ":en:"s oot 922975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Spaingie fowk {{·}} ''Españoles'' |image = [[File:Spanish people - mosaic.PNG|300px]] |caption = |genealogy = |poptime = {{flag|Spain}} Naitionals 41,539,400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/padron_prensa.htm|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1&nbsp;January 2013|publisher=INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística|access-date=2014-12-20|archive-date=2013-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020053420/http://www.ine.es/prensa/padron_prensa.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> (for a total population of 47,059,533) Nationals Abroad : 2,058,048<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np833.pdf |title=Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2014 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-06-19}}</ref> '''Hunders o millions o Hispanic Americans wi Spaingie ancestry''' |region1 = {{flagicon|Argentinae}} [[Argentinae]] |pop1 = 404,111 |ref1 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region2 = {{flagicon|Fraunce}} [[Fraunce]] |pop2 = 215,183 |ref2 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region3 = {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuela]] |pop3 = 188,585 |ref3 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region4 = {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |pop4 = 122,218 |ref4 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region5 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} |pop5 = 117,523 |ref5 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region6 = {{flagcountry|Cuba}} |pop6 = 108,858 |ref6 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region7 = {{flagcountry|Mexico}} |pop7 = 108,314 |ref7 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region8 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Unitit States]]<br><small>(includin [[Puerto Rico]])</small> |pop8 = 103,474 |ref8 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region9 = {{flagicon|Swisserland}} [[Swisserland]] |pop9 = 103,247 |ref9 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region10 = {{flagcountry|UK}} |pop10 = 81,519 |ref10 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Uruguay}} |pop11 = 63,827 |ref11 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region12 = {{flagcountry|Chile}} |pop12 = 56,104 |ref12 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region13 = {{flagcountry|Belgium}} |pop13 = 53,212 |ref13 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |ref14 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region14 = {{flagcountry|Andorra}} |pop14 = 24,318 |ref15 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Colombie}} |pop15 = 22,123 |ref16 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region16 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |pop16 = 21,974 |ref17 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region17 = {{flagcountry|Italy}} |pop17 = 20,898 |ref18 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region18 = {{flagcountry|Peru}} |pop18 = 19,668 |ref19 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region19 = {{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}} |pop19 = 18,928 |ref20 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region20 = {{flagcountry|Australie}} |pop20 = 18,353 |langs = [[Leids o Spain]] <br>([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]], [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]], [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] an ithers) |rels = [[File:P christianity.svg|18px]] Christian (Mostly Roman Catholicism 73.4%)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.periodistadigital.com/religion/espana/2012/01/05/religion-iglesia-espana-catolicos-cis-creyentes-misa.shtml |title=El 73,4% de los españoles se declara católico, según el CIS :: España :: Religión Digital |publisher=Periodistadigital.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref><br>[[Atheism]] 24%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/04/03/noticias/1333443757.html |title=Los ateos salen del armario &#124; Noticias generales |publisher=elmundo.es |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref> {{·}}[[Releegion in Spain|ither faith]] 2.1% incl. <br>[[File:Star of David.svg|13px]] Jewish{{·}}[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] Muslim{{·}}[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|13px]] [[Buddhist]]{{·}}[[File:Om symbol.svg|13px]] [[Hinduism]] |related =[[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]]{{·}}[[French fowk|French]]{{·}}[[Italians]]<br>{{·}}ither Wastren Europeans{{·}}<br>{{·}}[[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]]{{·}}<br>{{·}}[[White Hispanic]]s{{·}} }} The '''Spainyarts''' ({{lang-es|<!--Please, do not add the article "Los"/"Las"--> españoles}} {{IPA-es|espaˈɲoles|}}) are a [[naition]] an [[Ethnic groups in Europe|ethnic group]] native tae [[Spain]] that share a common [[Cultur o Spain|Spaingie cultur]] an speak the [[Spaingie leid]] as a mither tongue. Athin Spain thare are a nummer o [[naitionalisms an regionalisms o Spain|naitionalisms an regionalisms]], reflectin the kintra's complex history. The offeecial leid o Spain is Spaingie (kent as [[names gieen tae the Spaingie leid|Castilian]]) an aw, a [[Staundart Spaingie|staundart leid]] based on the mediaeval dialect o the [[Castilian fowk|Castilian]]s o north-central Spain. Thare are several commonly speuken regional leids (mainly [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] an [[Galicie leid|Galicie]]). Wi the exception o Basque, the [[leids o Spain|leids native tae Spain]] are [[Romance leids]]. Thare are substantial populations ootside Spain wi ancestors who [[Spaingie diaspora|emigratit]] frae Spain; maist notably in [[Hispanic Americae]]. The [[Roman Republic]] conquered Iberie durin the 2nt and 1st hunderyears BC. As a result o Roman colonization, the majority o local leids, wi the exception o [[Basque leid|Basque]], stem frae the [[Vulgar Laitin]]. The [[Germanic fowks|Germanic]] [[Vandals]] an [[Suebi]], wi pairt o the [[Iranian fowks|Iranian]] [[Alans]] unner Keeng [[Respendial]], arrivit in the peninsula in 409 AD. The [[Iberian Peninsula]] wis invadit bi Muslim airmies in 711.<ref name="Dirk Hoerder p.28">Dirk Hoerder, Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium, p.28, Duke University Press, 2002</ref> Ultimately, Jews an Muslims either [[Converso|convertit tae Catholicism]] or wur expelled frae Spain in 1492 an 1502, follaein the Reconquista. In the 16t hunderyear, a wave o emigration began, wi 240,000 Spaniards voyagin tae the Americas. They wur jyned bi 450,000 in the next hunderyear.<ref name="Axtell 12–18">{{Cite journal |url= http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |title= The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America |first= James |last= Axtell |journal= Humanities |date= September–October 1991 |volume= 12 |issue= 5 |pages= 12–18 |accessdate= 8 October 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080517052031/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |archivedate= 2008-05-17 |url-status= dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-12-20 |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517052031/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Syne the conquest o [[Mexico]] an [[Peru]] these twa regions became the principal destinations o Spaingie colonial settlers in the 16t hunderyear.<ref name="Migration to Latin America">{{cite web |url=http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter53.html |title=Migration to Latin America |publisher=Let.leidenuniv.nl |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24 |archive-date=2014-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520182749/http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter53.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the period 1850–1950, 3.5 million Spaingie left for the [[Americas]], pairticularly [[Argentinae]], [[Uruguay]], Mexico,<ref name="Patricia Rivas">{{cite web |author=Patricia Rivas |url=http://www.radiomundial.com.ve/yvke/noticia.php?16783 |title=Reconocerán nacionalidad española a descendientes de exiliados :: YVKE Mundial |publisher=Radiomundial.com.ve |accessdate=10 July 2010 |archive-date=2011-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105210817/http://www.radiomundial.com.ve/yvke/noticia.php?16783 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Brazil]], [[Chile]], [[Venezuela]], an [[Cuba]].<ref name=Diaspora>{{cite web|author= Nieves Ortega Pérez |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?id=97 |title=Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy|publisher=Migrationinformation.org |date=1 February 2003 |accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref> Spain is hame tae ane o the lairgest commonties o [[Romani fowk]] (commonly kent bi the Inglis [[exonym]] "gypsies", Spaingie: ''gitanos''). The Spaingie Roma, which belang tae the Iberie Kale subgroup (''calé''), are a umwhile-nomadic commonty, which spread athort Wastren Asie, North Africae, an Europe, first reachin Spain in the 15t hunderyear. The population o Spain is becomin increasinly diverse due tae recent immigration. Frae 2000 tae 2010, Spain haed amang the heichest per caipita immigration rates in the warld an the seicont heichest absolute net migration in the Warld (efter the [[Unitit States|USA]])<ref name="epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu">{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NK-06-001/EN/KS-NK-06-001-EN.PDF |title=Eurostat – Population in Europe in 2005 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24 |archive-date=2008-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191607/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NK-06-001/EN/KS-NK-06-001-EN.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref> and immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== * Castro, Americo. Willard F. King and Selma Margaretten, trans. ''The Spaniards: An Introduction to Their History''. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1980. ISBN 0-520-04177-1. * Chapman, Robert. ''Emerging Complexity: The Later Pre-History of South-East Spain, Iberia, and the West Mediterranean''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-521-23207-4. * Goodwin, Godfrey. ''Islamic Spain''. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1990. ISBN 0-87701-692-5. * Harrison, Richard. ''Spain at the Dawn of History: Iberians, Phoenicians, and Greeks''. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1988. ISBN 0-500-02111-2. * James, Edward (ed.). ''Visigothic Spain: New Approaches''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. ISBN 0-19-822543-1. * Thomas, Hugh. ''The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440–1870''. London: Picador, 1997. ISBN 0-330-35437-X. {{Fowks o Spain}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spaingie Fowk}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] [[Category:Spaingie fowk| ]] [[Category:Romance fowks]] m3d3zjfh8yus3aqm43w82rtl170rz0m 922978 922975 2026-09-21T23:10:16Z Atlantic306 30244 /* References */ removed red linked template 922978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Spaingie fowk {{·}} ''Españoles'' |image = [[File:Spanish people - mosaic.PNG|300px]] |caption = |genealogy = |poptime = {{flag|Spain}} Naitionals 41,539,400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/padron_prensa.htm|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1&nbsp;January 2013|publisher=INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística|access-date=2014-12-20|archive-date=2013-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020053420/http://www.ine.es/prensa/padron_prensa.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> (for a total population of 47,059,533) Nationals Abroad : 2,058,048<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np833.pdf |title=Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2014 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-06-19}}</ref> '''Hunders o millions o Hispanic Americans wi Spaingie ancestry''' |region1 = {{flagicon|Argentinae}} [[Argentinae]] |pop1 = 404,111 |ref1 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region2 = {{flagicon|Fraunce}} [[Fraunce]] |pop2 = 215,183 |ref2 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region3 = {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuela]] |pop3 = 188,585 |ref3 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region4 = {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |pop4 = 122,218 |ref4 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region5 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} |pop5 = 117,523 |ref5 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region6 = {{flagcountry|Cuba}} |pop6 = 108,858 |ref6 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region7 = {{flagcountry|Mexico}} |pop7 = 108,314 |ref7 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region8 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Unitit States]]<br><small>(includin [[Puerto Rico]])</small> |pop8 = 103,474 |ref8 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region9 = {{flagicon|Swisserland}} [[Swisserland]] |pop9 = 103,247 |ref9 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region10 = {{flagcountry|UK}} |pop10 = 81,519 |ref10 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Uruguay}} |pop11 = 63,827 |ref11 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region12 = {{flagcountry|Chile}} |pop12 = 56,104 |ref12 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region13 = {{flagcountry|Belgium}} |pop13 = 53,212 |ref13 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |ref14 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region14 = {{flagcountry|Andorra}} |pop14 = 24,318 |ref15 = <ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Colombie}} |pop15 = 22,123 |ref16 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region16 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |pop16 = 21,974 |ref17 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region17 = {{flagcountry|Italy}} |pop17 = 20,898 |ref18 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region18 = {{flagcountry|Peru}} |pop18 = 19,668 |ref19 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region19 = {{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}} |pop19 = 18,928 |ref20 =<ref name="INE Population Abroad 2014"/> |region20 = {{flagcountry|Australie}} |pop20 = 18,353 |langs = [[Leids o Spain]] <br>([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]], [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]], [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] an ithers) |rels = [[File:P christianity.svg|18px]] Christian (Mostly Roman Catholicism 73.4%)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.periodistadigital.com/religion/espana/2012/01/05/religion-iglesia-espana-catolicos-cis-creyentes-misa.shtml |title=El 73,4% de los españoles se declara católico, según el CIS :: España :: Religión Digital |publisher=Periodistadigital.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref><br>[[Atheism]] 24%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/04/03/noticias/1333443757.html |title=Los ateos salen del armario &#124; Noticias generales |publisher=elmundo.es |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref> {{·}}[[Releegion in Spain|ither faith]] 2.1% incl. <br>[[File:Star of David.svg|13px]] Jewish{{·}}[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] Muslim{{·}}[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|13px]] [[Buddhist]]{{·}}[[File:Om symbol.svg|13px]] [[Hinduism]] |related =[[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]]{{·}}[[French fowk|French]]{{·}}[[Italians]]<br>{{·}}ither Wastren Europeans{{·}}<br>{{·}}[[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]]{{·}}<br>{{·}}[[White Hispanic]]s{{·}} }} The '''Spainyarts''' ({{lang-es|<!--Please, do not add the article "Los"/"Las"--> españoles}} {{IPA-es|espaˈɲoles|}}) are a [[naition]] an [[Ethnic groups in Europe|ethnic group]] native tae [[Spain]] that share a common [[Cultur o Spain|Spaingie cultur]] an speak the [[Spaingie leid]] as a mither tongue. Athin Spain thare are a nummer o [[naitionalisms an regionalisms o Spain|naitionalisms an regionalisms]], reflectin the kintra's complex history. The offeecial leid o Spain is Spaingie (kent as [[names gieen tae the Spaingie leid|Castilian]]) an aw, a [[Staundart Spaingie|staundart leid]] based on the mediaeval dialect o the [[Castilian fowk|Castilian]]s o north-central Spain. Thare are several commonly speuken regional leids (mainly [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] an [[Galicie leid|Galicie]]). Wi the exception o Basque, the [[leids o Spain|leids native tae Spain]] are [[Romance leids]]. Thare are substantial populations ootside Spain wi ancestors who [[Spaingie diaspora|emigratit]] frae Spain; maist notably in [[Hispanic Americae]]. The [[Roman Republic]] conquered Iberie durin the 2nt and 1st hunderyears BC. As a result o Roman colonization, the majority o local leids, wi the exception o [[Basque leid|Basque]], stem frae the [[Vulgar Laitin]]. The [[Germanic fowks|Germanic]] [[Vandals]] an [[Suebi]], wi pairt o the [[Iranian fowks|Iranian]] [[Alans]] unner Keeng [[Respendial]], arrivit in the peninsula in 409 AD. The [[Iberian Peninsula]] wis invadit bi Muslim airmies in 711.<ref name="Dirk Hoerder p.28">Dirk Hoerder, Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium, p.28, Duke University Press, 2002</ref> Ultimately, Jews an Muslims either [[Converso|convertit tae Catholicism]] or wur expelled frae Spain in 1492 an 1502, follaein the Reconquista. In the 16t hunderyear, a wave o emigration began, wi 240,000 Spaniards voyagin tae the Americas. They wur jyned bi 450,000 in the next hunderyear.<ref name="Axtell 12–18">{{Cite journal |url= http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |title= The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America |first= James |last= Axtell |journal= Humanities |date= September–October 1991 |volume= 12 |issue= 5 |pages= 12–18 |accessdate= 8 October 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080517052031/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |archivedate= 2008-05-17 |url-status= dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-12-20 |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517052031/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/AXTELL01.ART |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Syne the conquest o [[Mexico]] an [[Peru]] these twa regions became the principal destinations o Spaingie colonial settlers in the 16t hunderyear.<ref name="Migration to Latin America">{{cite web |url=http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter53.html |title=Migration to Latin America |publisher=Let.leidenuniv.nl |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24 |archive-date=2014-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520182749/http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter53.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the period 1850–1950, 3.5 million Spaingie left for the [[Americas]], pairticularly [[Argentinae]], [[Uruguay]], Mexico,<ref name="Patricia Rivas">{{cite web |author=Patricia Rivas |url=http://www.radiomundial.com.ve/yvke/noticia.php?16783 |title=Reconocerán nacionalidad española a descendientes de exiliados :: YVKE Mundial |publisher=Radiomundial.com.ve |accessdate=10 July 2010 |archive-date=2011-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105210817/http://www.radiomundial.com.ve/yvke/noticia.php?16783 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Brazil]], [[Chile]], [[Venezuela]], an [[Cuba]].<ref name=Diaspora>{{cite web|author= Nieves Ortega Pérez |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?id=97 |title=Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy|publisher=Migrationinformation.org |date=1 February 2003 |accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref> Spain is hame tae ane o the lairgest commonties o [[Romani fowk]] (commonly kent bi the Inglis [[exonym]] "gypsies", Spaingie: ''gitanos''). The Spaingie Roma, which belang tae the Iberie Kale subgroup (''calé''), are a umwhile-nomadic commonty, which spread athort Wastren Asie, North Africae, an Europe, first reachin Spain in the 15t hunderyear. The population o Spain is becomin increasinly diverse due tae recent immigration. Frae 2000 tae 2010, Spain haed amang the heichest per caipita immigration rates in the warld an the seicont heichest absolute net migration in the Warld (efter the [[Unitit States|USA]])<ref name="epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu">{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NK-06-001/EN/KS-NK-06-001-EN.PDF |title=Eurostat – Population in Europe in 2005 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-02-24 |archive-date=2008-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191607/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-NK-06-001/EN/KS-NK-06-001-EN.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref> and immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== * Castro, Americo. Willard F. King and Selma Margaretten, trans. ''The Spaniards: An Introduction to Their History''. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1980. ISBN 0-520-04177-1. * Chapman, Robert. ''Emerging Complexity: The Later Pre-History of South-East Spain, Iberia, and the West Mediterranean''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-521-23207-4. * Goodwin, Godfrey. ''Islamic Spain''. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1990. ISBN 0-87701-692-5. * Harrison, Richard. ''Spain at the Dawn of History: Iberians, Phoenicians, and Greeks''. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1988. ISBN 0-500-02111-2. * James, Edward (ed.). ''Visigothic Spain: New Approaches''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. ISBN 0-19-822543-1. * Thomas, Hugh. ''The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440–1870''. London: Picador, 1997. ISBN 0-330-35437-X. {{DEFAULTSORT:Spaingie Fowk}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] [[Category:Spaingie fowk| ]] [[Category:Romance fowks]] ctiaso0i4fvdr50lt8hkqicai6y8luz 0 91316 922979 922426 2026-09-21T23:13:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Bluelink 2 books for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 922979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher | region = [[Wastren philosophy]] | era = [[Medieval philosophy]] | image = Rathausturm Köln - Meister Eckhart - Johann I. (Brabant)-4871.jpg | image_size = 150px | name = Eckhart von Hochheim | other_names = "Meister Eckhart" | birth_date = Aroond 1260 | birth_place = Near [[Gotha (toun)|Gotha]], [[Halie_Romane_Rik|Haly Roman Empire]] | death_date = {{death year and age|1328|1260}} | death_place = maist likely [[Avignon]], [[Kinrick of Burgundy-Arles|Kinrick of Arles]], the Haly Roman Empire | school_tradition = [[Neoplatonism]], [[Theological intellectualism]] | main_interests = [[Releegion]], [[Spirituality]], [[the Theology]] | influences = [[the Bible]], [[Pseudo-Dionysius]], [[Proclus]], [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[Johannes Scottus Eriugena]] | influenced = [[John Tauler]], [[Henry Suso]], [[Nicholas o Cusa]], [[Eckhart Tolle]], [[Gustav Landauer]] }} '''Eckhart von Hochheim''' [[Dominican order|O.P.]] (c. 1260 – c. 1328<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/meister-eckhart/#1|title=Meister Eckhart|work=stanford.edu}}</ref>), commonly kent as '''Meister Eckhart''' [{{IPA|ˈmaɪ̯stɐ ˈɛkʰaʀt}}], wis a German theologian, [[philosopher]] and mystic. He wis born near Gotha in the Landgraviate of Thuringia in [[Halie Romane Rik|the Haly Roman Empire]]. He wis a member of the [[Dominican Order]]. Eckhart cam tae the fore in the days of the Avignon Papery whan stour wis growin sair amang the monastic orders, diocesian kirkmen, the Franciscans, and the Dominicans. In his later days, he wis delated of heresy, brocht up afore the local Franciscan-led Inquisition and panelled as a heretic bi Pape John XXII wi the bull in ''Agro Dominico'' of Mairch 27, 1329.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eckhart|first=Meister|title=Meister Eckhart, The Essential Sermons, Commentaries, Treatises, and Defense|url=https://archive.org/details/meistereckhartes0000eckh|last2=Colledge|first2=Edmund|last3=McGinn|first3=Bernard|last4=Smith|first4=Houston|date=1981|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2370-4|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/meistereckhartes0000eckh/page/77 77]}}</ref> In the plea, blauds of his ''Book of Divine Consolation'' wir yaised again Eckhart.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stirnimann|first=Heinrich|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/26164710|title=Eckardus Theutonicus, homo doctus et sanctus: Nachweise und Berichte zum Prozess gegen Meister Eckhart|last2=Haas|first2=A. M.|date=1992|publisher=Universitätsverlag Freiburg/Schweiz|others=Alois M. Haas, Ruedi Imbach|isbn=978-3-7278-0773-2|location=Freiburg/Schweiz|oclc=26164710}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meister Eckhart und seine Zeit|url=http://www.eckhart.de/index.htm?tbuch.htm|access-date=2026-09-02|website=www.eckhart.de}}</ref> He seems tae hev dee'd afore his verdick wis gien.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eckhart|first=Meister|title=Meister Eckhart, the essential sermons, commentaries, treatises, and defense|url=https://archive.org/details/meistereckhartes0000eckh|last2=Colledge|first2=Edmund|last3=McGinn|first3=Bernard|last4=Smith|first4=Houston|date=1981|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-0322-5|location=New York}}</ref> He wis weel kent for his wark wi guidly lay groups sic as the Friends of God and wis succeedit bi his mair mows disciples Johannes Tauler and Henry Suso, the hinnermaist of wham wis declared blissit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McMahon|first=Arthur|title=Blessed Henry Suso|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07238c.htm|url-status=live|access-date=22 December 2024|website=New Advent}}</ref> Syne the 19t century, Eckhart haes gotten renewed attention. He haes come tae be regairded as a great mystic within modren popular spirituality, while scholars hae taen a great interest in settin him within the scholastic and philosophical tradeition of the Middle Ages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hackett|first=Jeremiah|title=A Companion to Meister Eckhart|publisher=Brill|year=2012}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}{{Stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Eckhart, Meister}} [[Category:1260 births]] [[Category:1328 daiths]] [[Category:13t-century theologians]] [[Category:Christian meestics]] [[Category:German Dominicans]] [[Category:German philosophers]] [[Category:German spiritual writers]] [[Category:Heresy in Christianity]] [[Category:Medieval German theologians]] [[Category:Medieval philosophers]] [[Category:Meestics]] [[Category:Nondualism]] [[Category:Fowk frae Tambach-Dietharz]] [[Category:Rhineland meestics]] [[Category:German male writers]] e797ja9eudp9rlh1yejt4vtnm66bkb1 0 125178 922977 922116 2026-09-21T20:47:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 922977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra | native_name = الخلافة العباسية | native_name_lang = ar | conventional_long_name = Abbasid Caliphate | common_name = Abbasids | continent = Afro-Eurasie | region = Middle East | status = Empire | government_type = Caliphate | life_span = 750–1258<br />1261–1517<br /> {{small|(unner the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate o Cairo]])}} | year_start = 750 | year_end = 1517 | image_flag = Abbassid banner.svg | flag_type = The Black Banner o the Abbasids.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Akhtar |first1=Muhammad Wajid |title=Ten Things You Didn’t Know About The Kaaba |url=http://muslimmatters.org/2012/11/15/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-kaaba |website=MuslimMatters.org |publisher=Muslim Matters |access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref> | p1 = Umayyad Caliphate | flag_p1 = Umayyad Flag.svg | s1 = Mongol Empire | s2 = Fatimid Islamic Caliphate | flag_s2 = Rectangular green flag.svg | s3 = Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) | flag_s3 = Mameluke Flag.svg | s4 = Saffarid dynasty | flag_s4 = | image_map = Abbasids850.png | image_map_caption = Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850. | capital = [[Kufa]]<br />{{small|(750–762)}}<br />[[Baghdad]]<br />{{small|(762–796, 809–836, 892–1258)}}<br />[[Ar-Raqqah]]<br />{{small|(796–809)}}<br />[[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]]<br />{{small|(836–892)}}<br />[[Cairo]]<br />{{small|(1261–1517)}} | common_languages = Offeecial leid:<br />[[Arabic leid|Arabic]]<br />Regional leids:<br />[[Turkic leids|Oghuz Turkic]]<br />[[Aramaic leid|Aramaic]], [[Armenie leid|Armenian]], [[Berber leids|Berber]], [[Coptic leid|Coptic]], [[Georgian leid|Georgian]], [[Greek leid|Greek]], [[Kurdish leid|Kurdish]], [[Middle Persie|Persie]], [[Prakrit leid|Prakrit]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | currency = [[Gowd dinar|Dinar]] (gowd coin)<br />[[Dirham]] (siller coin)<br /> [[Fals]] (copper coin) | leader1 = [[As-Saffah]] {{small|(first)}} | year_leader1 = 750–754 | leader2 = [[Al-Musta'sim]] {{small|(last) (caliph in Baghdad)}} | year_leader2 = 1242–1258 | leader3 = [[al-Mutawakkil III]]{{small|(last) (caliph in cairo)}} | year_leader3 = 1508–1517 | title_leader = [[Caliph]] | today = {{Collapsible list|title=Kintras theday | {{flag |Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Algerie}}|{{flag |Andorrae}}|{{flag|Armenie}}|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{flag |Cyprus}}|{{flag |Egyp}}|{{flag |Fraunce}}|{{flag |Georgie}}|{{flag|Indie}}|{{flag |Gibraltar}}|{{flag |Greece}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Iraq}}|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flag|Italy}}|{{flag |Jordan}}|{{flag |Kazakhstan}}|{{flag |Kuwait}}|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag |Lebanon}}|{{flag |Libie}}|{{flag|Malta}}|{{flag|Oman}}|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flag|Palestinian Authority}}|{{flag |Portugal}}|{{flag |Qatar}}|{{flag|Roushie}}|{{flag |Saudi Arabie}}|{{flag |Spain}}|{{flag |Sirie}}|{{flag|Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Tunisie}}|{{flag|Turkey}}|{{flag |Turkmenistan}}|{{flag |Unitit Arab Emirates}}|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|{{flag |Yemen}} }} | footnotes = }} The '''Abbasid Caliphate''' ({{lang-ar|الخلافة العباسية}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Khilāfah al-‘Abbāsīyah}}'') wis the third o the [[Islam]]ic [[caliphate]]s tae succeed the [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. It wis foondit bi a dynasty descendit frae Muhammad's uncle, [[Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (566–653 CE), frae that the dynasty taks its name.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Thay ruled as [[caliphs]] for maist o the caliphate frae thair caipital in [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]] in modren-day [[Iraq]], efter haein owerthrawn the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in the [[Abbasid Revolution]] o 750 CE (132&nbsp;[[anno Hegirae|AH]]). The Abbasid Caliphate first centred its govrenment in [[Kufa]], modren-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph [[Al-Mansur]] foondit the ceety o Baghdad, near the auncient [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] caipital ceety o [[Ctesiphon]]. The Abbasid period wis merkit bi reliance on [[Greater Iran|Persie]] [[bureaucrat]]s (notably the [[Barmakids|Barmakid]] faimily) for govrenin the territories as weel as an increasin inclusion o [[Mawla|non-Arab Muslims]] in the ''[[ummah]]'' (naitional commonty). [[Persianate customs]] war braidly adoptit bi the ruling elite, an thay begoud patronage o airtists an scholarts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Canfield |first1=Robert L. |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |page=5}}</ref> Baghdad becam a centre o science, cultur, filosofie an invention in whit becam kent as the [[Islamic Gowden Age|Gowden Age o Islam]]. Despite this ineetial cooperation, the Abbasids o the late 8t century haed alienated baith non-Arab ''[[mawali]]'' (clients)<ref>{{cite web |title=ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b |website=www.iranicaonline.org |access-date=2015-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122132055/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b# |archive-date=22 November 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref> an Iranian bureaucrats.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History of Government from the Earliest Times: Volume II: The Intermediate Ages p.720 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhEab85xHAMC |publisher=OUP Oxford |date=1999-01-01 |isbn=978-0-19-820790-0 |first=S. E. |last=Finer}}</ref> Thay war forced tae cede authority ower [[Al-Andalus]] an the [[Maghreb]] tae the [[Emirate o Córdoba|Umayyads]] in 756, [[Morocco]] tae the [[Idrisid dynasty]] in 788, [[Ifriqiya]] tae the [[Aghlabids]] in 800 an [[Egyp in the Middle Ages|Egyp]] tae the [[Isma'ili]]-[[Shia]] caliphate o the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] in 969. The poleetical pouer o the caliphs lairgely endit wi the rise o the Iranian [[Buyids]] an the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuq Turks]], that ilk capturt Baghdad in 945 an 1055 respectively. Awtho Abbasid leadership ower the vast [[Islamic empire]] wis gradually reduced tae a ceremonial releegious function, the dynasty retained control ower its [[Mesopotamian]] domeen. The Abbasids' period o cultural frueetion endit in 1258 wi the [[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|sack o Baghdad]] bi the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] unner [[Hulagu Khan]]. The Abbasid line o rulers, an Muslim cultur in general, re-centred themsels in the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] caipital o [[Cairo]] in 1261. Tho lackin in poleetical pouer, the dynasty conteena'd tae claim releegious authority till efter the [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] [[Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)|conquest o Egyp]] in 1517.{{sfn|Holt|1984}} == History == === Abbasid Revolution (750–751) === {{main|Abbasid Revolution}} The Abbasid caliphs war [[Arab fowk|Arabs]] descendit frae [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], ane o the youngest uncles o Muhammad an o the same [[Banu Hashim]] clan. The Abbasids claimed tae be the true successors o Prophet Muhammad in replacin the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] descendants o [[Umayya ibn Abd Shams|Banu Umayya]] bi virtue o thair closer bluidline tae Muhammad. The Abbasids an aw distinguished themsels frae the Umayyads bi attackin thair moral chairacter an admeenistration in general. Accordin tae [[Ira Lapidus]], "The Abbasid revolt wis supportit lairgely bi Arabs, mainly the aggrieved settlers o [[Merv]] wi the addeetion o the Yemeni faction an thair [[Mawali]]".{{sfn|Lapidus|2002|p=54}} The Abbasids an aw appealed tae non-Arab Muslims, kent as ''mawali'', that remeened ootside the kinship-based society o the Arabs an war perceived as a lawer cless within the Umayyad empire. [[Mohammad ibn Ali Abbasi|Muhammad ibn 'Ali]], a great-grandson o Abbas, begoud tae campaign in [[Greater Persie|Persie]] for the return o pouer tae the faimily o Prophet Muhammad, the [[Hashimites]], in the ring o [[Umar II]]. In the ring o [[Marwan II]], this opposeetion culminatit in the rebellion o Ibrahim the Imam, the fowert in strynd frae Abbas. Supportit bi the province o [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] (Eastren Persie), even tho the govrenor opponed them, an the Shia Arabs,{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}}{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} he achieved conseederable success, but wis capturt in the year 747 an dee'd, possibly assassinated, in preeson. On 9 Juin 747 (15 Ramadan AH 129), [[Abu Muslim]], risin frae Khorasan, successfully ineetiatit an appen revolt against Umayyad rule, that wis cairied oot unner the sign o the [[Black Staundart]]. Close tae 10,000 sodgers war unner Abu Muslim's command whan the hostilities offeecially begoud in [[Merv (East Sirie Ecclesiastical Province)|Merv]].{{sfn|Lewis|1995|p=102}} [[Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i|General Qahtaba]] follaed the fleein govrenor [[Nasr ibn Sayyar]] wast defeatin the Umayyads at the Battle o Gorgan, the Battle o Nahāvand an feenally in the Battle o Karbala, aw in the year 748.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} [[File:Balami - Tarikhnama - Abu'l-'Abbas al-Saffah is proclaimed the first 'Abbasid Caliph (cropped).jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Folio frae ''Tarikhnama'' o [[Muhammad Bal'ami|Bal'ami]] depictin [[As-Saffah|al-Saffah]] as he receives [[Bay'ah|pledges o allegiance]] in [[Kufa]]]] The quarry wis taken up bi Ibrahim's brither Abdallah, kent bi the name o [[As-Saffah|Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah]], that defeatit the Umayyads in 750 in the [[Battle o the Zab|battle near the Great Zab]] an wis subsequently proclaimed [[caliph]].<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Abbasids|volume=1|page=10}}</ref> Efter this loss, Marwan fled tae Egyp, whaur he wis subsequently assassinatit. The remainder o his faimily, baurin ane male, war an aw eliminatit.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} Immediately efter thair veectory, As-Saffah sent his forces tae [[Central Asie]], whaur his forces fecht against [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]] expansion in the [[Battle o Talas]]. The noble Iranian faimily [[Barmakids]], that warinstrumental in biggin [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]], introduced the warld's first recordit [[paper mill]] in the ceety, sicweys beginnin a new era o intellectual rebirth in the Abbasid domain. As-Saffah focused on pittin doun numerous rebellions in Sirie an Mesopotamie. The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] conducted raids in these early distractions.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} === Pouer (752–775) === [[File:Baghdad 150 to 300 AH.png|thumb|upright=1.2|The ceety o [[Roond ceety o Baghdad|Baghdad]] atween 767 an 912 AD. The roond plan reflects pre-Islamic Persian urban design.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol# |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117020537/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol# |archive-date=17 November 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]] [[File:Battle of Talas.png|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Battle o Talas]], 751]] The first chynge the Abbasids, under [[Al-Mansur]], made wis tae muive the empire's caipital frae [[Damascus]], in Sirie, tae Baghdad in Iraq. This wis tae baith appease as weel tae be closer tae the Persie ''mawali'' support base that existit in this region mair influenced bi Persie history an cultur, an pairt o the Persie mawali demand for less Arab dominance in the empire. Baghdad wis established on the [[Tigris River]] in 762. A new poseetion, that of the [[vizier]], wis an aw established tae delegate central authority, an even greater authority wis delegatit tae local emirs.<ref name="AHGC">{{harvnb|Anon|2008}}</ref> This eventually meant that mony Abbasid caliphs war relegatit tae a mair ceremonial role than unner the Umayyads, as the viziers begoud tae exert greater influence, an the role o the auld Arab aristocracy wis slawly replaced bi a Persie bureaucracy.<ref name="AHGC">{{harvnb|Anon|2008}}</ref> In Al-Mansur's time control o [[Al-Andalus]] wis lost, an the Shia revoltit an war defeatit a year later at the [[Alid revolt o 762–763|Battle o Bakhamra]].{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} The Abbasids haed dependit hivily on the support o Persies{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} in thair owerthraw o the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, [[Al-Mansur]] welcomed nan-Arab Muslims tae his coort. While this helped integrate Arab an Persie culturs, it alienatit mony o thair Arab supporters, pairteecularly the [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasanian]] Arabs that had supportit them in thair battles against the Umayyads. Thir fissurs in thair support led tae immediate problems. The Umayyads, while oot o pouer, war nae destroyed. The anerly survivin member o the Umayyad ryal faumily, that haed been aw but annihilatit, ultimately made his way tae Spain whaur he established himsel as an independent [[Emir]] ([[Abd ar-Rahman I]], 756). In 929, [[Abd ar-Rahman III]] assumed the teetle o Caliph, establishin [[Al Andalus]] frae [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] as a rival tae Baghdad as the legitimate caipital o the Islamic Empire. In 756, the Abbasid Caliph [[Al-Mansur]] sent ower 4,000 Arab mercenaries tae assist the Cheenese [[Tang dynasty]] in the [[An Shi Rebellion]] against [[An Lushan]]. The Abbasides or "Black Banners," as thay war commonly cried, war kent in Tang dynasty chronicles as the ''hēiyī Dàshí'', "The Black-robed Tazi", ({{lang|zh|黑衣大食}}) ("Tazi" bein a borraein frae Persian ''[[wikt:تازی|Tāzī]]'', the wird for "Arab").{{refn|group=nb|Wade states "Tazi in Persie soorces referred tae a fowk in that laund, but wis later extendit tae kiver Arab launds. The Persie term wis adoptit bi Tang China (Dàshí :大食) tae refer tae the Arabs till the 12t century."<ref>{{harvnb|Wade|2012|p=138}}</ref>}}<ref>{{harvnb|Jenkins|1999|p=61}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carné|1872|p=295}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ghosh|1961|p=60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hermann|1912|p=77}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Anon|1928|p=1617}}</ref> After the war, these embassies remained in China <ref>{{harvnb|Chapuis|1995|p=92}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kitagawa|1989|p=283}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Weng|1973|p=129}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Baker|1990|p=53}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Fitzgerald|1961|p=332}}</ref> wi Caliph [[Harun al-Rashid]] establishin an alliance wi Cheenae.<ref name="Dennis Bloodworth, Ching Ping Bloodworth 2004 214">{{harvnb|Bloodworth|Bloodworth|2004|p=214}}</ref> Several embassies frae the Abbasid Caliphs tae the Cheenese coort hae been recordit in the T'ang Annals, the maist important o thir bein thae o [[As-Saffah|Abul Abbas al-Saffah]], the first Abbasid caliph, his successor [[Al-Mansur|Abu Jafar]], an [[Harun al-Rashid]]. === Abbasid Gowden Age (775–861) === [[File:Harun-Charlemagne.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Harun al-Rashid]] receivin a delegation sent bi [[Charlemagne]] at his coort in Baghdad. Pentin bi German penter {{ill|Julius Köckert|fr}} (1827–1918), datit 1864. Ile on canvas.]] The Abbasid leadership haed tae wirk haurd in the last hauf o the 8t century (750–800), unner several competent caliphs an thair viziers tae owercome the poleetical challenges creatit bi the faur flung naitur o the empire, an the leemitit communication athort it an usher in the admeenistrative chynges needit tae keep order.<ref name="Brauer">{{harvnb|Brauer|1995}}</ref> It wus an aw in this early period o the dynasty, in pairteecular in the govrenance o [[al-Mansur]], [[Harun al-Rashid]], an [[al-Ma'mun]], that the reputation an pouer o the dynasty wis creatit.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Al-Mahdi [[Abbasid invasion o Asia Minor (782)|restairtit the fechtin]] wi the Byzantines an his sons conteena'd the conflict till [[Irene o Athens|Empress Irene]] pushed for peace.{{sfn|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=233}} Efter several years o peace, [[Nikephoros I]] brak the treaty, then fendit aff multiple incursions in the first decade o the 9t century. Thir attacks pushed intae the [[Taurus Muntains]] culminatin wi a veectory at the [[Battle o Krasos]] an the [[Abbasid invasion o Asia Minor (806)|massive invasion o 806]], led bi Rashid himsel.<ref name=DD1>{{harvnb|Dupuy|Dupuy|1986|p=265}}</ref> Rashid's navy an aw pruived successfu as he teuk [[Cyprus]]. Eventually, the momentum turned an muckle o the laund gained wis lost. Rashid decidit tae focus on the rebellion o [[Rafi ibn al-Layth]] in Khorasan an dee'd while there.<ref name="DD1" /> While the [[Byzantine Empire]] wis fechtin Abbasid rule in Sirie an [[Anatolie]], militar operations in this period war meenimal, as the caliphate focused on internal maiters, its govrenors exertin greater autonomy an uisin thair increasin pouer tae mak thair poseetions hereditary.<ref name="AHGC" /> At the same time, the Abbasids faced challenges closer tae hame. Harun al-Rashid turned on the [[Barmakids]], a Persie faimily that haed grawn signeeficantly in pouer within the admeenistration o the state an killt maist o the faimily.<ref>{{harvnb|Meisami|1999}}</ref> In the same period, several factions begoud aither tae leave the empire for ither launds or tae tak control o distant pairts o the empire awey frae the Abbasids. The ring o al-Rashid an his sons war conseedert tae be the apex o the Abbasids.<ref name=mag>{{harvnb|Magnusson|Goring|1990|p=2}}</ref> [[File:Abbasid Dinar - Al Amin - 195 AH (811 AD).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Gowd dinar]] mintit in the ring o [[al-Amin]] (809–813)]] Efter Rashid's death, the empire wis split bi a [[Fowert Fitna|ceevil war]] atween the caliph [[al-Amin]] an his brither [[al-Ma'mun]] that had the support o Khorasan. This war endit wi a [[Siege o Baghdad (812–813)|twa-year siege]] o Baghdad an the eventual daith o al-Amin in 813.<ref name=DD1 /> Al-Ma'mun ruled for 20 years o relative caum interspersed wi a rebellion supportit bi the Byzantines in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] bi the [[Khurramites]]. Al-Ma'mun wis an aw responsible for the creaution o an autonomous Khorasan, an the conteena'd repulsin o Byzantine forays.<ref name=DD1 /> [[Al-Mu'tasim]] gained pouer in 833 an his rule merkit the end o the strang caliphs. He strenthened his personal airmy wi Turkis mercenaries an promptly restairtit the war wi the Byzantines. His militar excursions war generally successfu culminatin wi a resoondin veectory in the [[Sack o Amorium]]. His attempt at seizin [[Constantinople]] failed whan his fleet wis destroyed bi a storm.<ref>{{harvnb|Dupuy|dupuy|1986|pp=265–266}}</ref> The Byzantines restairtit the fechtin bi [[Sack o Damietta (853)|sackin Damietta]] in Egyp. [[Al-Mutawakkil]] respondit bi sendin his truips intae [[Anatolie]] again, sackin an maraudin till thay war [[Battle o Lalakaon|eventually annihilatit]] in 863.<ref name=DD3>{{harvnb|Dupuy|dupuy|1986|p=266}}</ref> == Fractur tae autonomous dynasties (861–945) == [[File:Abbasid Caliphate 891-892.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Map o the fragmentit Abbasid empire, wi auries still unner direct control o the Abbasid central govrenment (daurk green) an unner autonomous rulers (licht green) adherin tae nominal Abbasid suzerainty, {{circa|892}}]] Even bi 820, the [[Samanid]]s had begun the process o exercisin independent authority in [[Transoxiana]] an [[Greater Khorasan]], as haed the [[Twaler]]-Shia [[Hamdanid]]s in Northren Sirie, an the succeedin [[Tahirid]] an [[Saffarid]] dynasties o Iran. The Saffarids, frae Khorasan, nearly seized Baghdad in 876, an the [[Tulunid]]s teuk control o maist o Sirie. The trend o waikenin o the central pouer an strenthenin o the minor caliphates on the periphery conteena'd.<ref name=mag /> An exception wis the 10-year period o [[Al-Mu'tadid]]'s rule. He brocht pairts o Egyp, Sirie, an Khorasan back intae the Abbasid's control. Especially efter the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]", the Abbasid central govrenment wis waikened an centrifugal tendencies becam mair prominent in the Caliphate's provinces. Bi the early 10t century, the Abbasids awmaist laist control o Iraq tae various [[amir]]s, an the caliph [[al-Radi]] wis forced tae acknawledge thair pouer bi creautin the position o "Prince o Princes" (''[[amir al-umara]]'').<ref name=mag /> [[Al-Mustakfi]] haed a short ring frae 944–946, an it wis in this period that the Persie faction kent as the [[Buyids]] frae [[Daylam]] swept intae pouer an assumed control ower the bureaucracy in Baghdad. Accordin tae the history o [[Miskawayh]], thay begoud distributin [[iqta]]s ([[fief]]s in the form o tax ferms) tae thair supporters. This period o localised secular control wis tae last nearly 100 years.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} The loss o Abbasid pouer tae the Buyids wad shift as the Seljuks wad tak ower frae the Persies.<ref name=mag /> At the end o the aicht century the Abbasids foond thay coud na langer keep a huge polity lairger nor that o Roum thegither frae Baghdad. In 793 the [[Zaydi]]-Shia dynasty o [[Idrisids]] set up a state frae Fez in Morocco, while a faimily o govrenors unner the Abbasids becam increasinly independent till thay foondit the Aghlabid Emirate frae the 830s. Al-Mu'tasim stairtit the dounwart slide bi utilisin non-Muslim mercenaries in his personal airmy. An aw in this period officers stairtit assassinatin superiors wi that thay fawed oot wi, in pairteecular the caliphs.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Bi the 870s Egyp becam autonomous unner [[Ahmad ibn Tulun]]. In the East as weel, govrenors decreased thair ties tae the centre. The [[Saffarids]] o Herat an the [[Samanids]] o Bukhara haed braken awey frae the 870s, cultivatin a muckle mair [[Persianate cultur]] an statecraft. Bi this time anerly the central launds o Mesopotamie war unner direct Abbasid control, wi Palestine an the Hijaz eften managed bi the Tulunids. Byzantium, for its part, haed begun tae push Arab Muslims faur east in Anatolie. Bi the 920s, the situation haed chynged faur, as North Africae wis lost tae the Abbasids. A Shia sect anerly recognisin the first five Imams an tracin its ruits tae Muhammad's dochter Fatima teuk control o Idrisid an then Aghlabid domeens.<ref name=mag /> Cried the [[Fatimid dynasty]], thay had advanced tae Egyp in 969, establishin thair caipital near Fustat in Cairo, that thay biggit as a bastion o Shia learin an politics. Bi 1000 thay haed acome the chief poleetical an ideological challenge tae Sunni Islam in the form o the Abbasids. Bi this time the latter state had fragmentit intae several govrenorships that, while recognisin caliphal authority frae Baghdad, did maistly as thay wantit, fechtin wi ilk ither. The Caliph himsel wis unner 'pertection' o the Buyid Emirs that possessed aw o Iraq an wastren Iran, an war quietly Shia in thair sympathies. Ootside Iraq, aw the autonomous provinces slawly teuk on the chairactereestic o de facto states wi hereditary rulers, airmies, an revenues an operatit unner anerly nominal caliph suzerainty, that mey nae necessarily be reflectit bi ony contreibution tae the thesaury, sic as the [[Soomro]] [[Emir]]s that haed gained control o [[Sindh]] an ruled the entire province frae thair caipital o [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansura]].<ref name="Brauer" /> [[Mahmud o Ghazni]] teuk the teetle o sultan, as opponed tae the [[Emir|"amir"]] that haed been in mair common uissage, seegnifeein the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]]'s unthirldom frae caliphal authority, despite Mahmud's ostentatious displays o Sunni orthodoxy an reetual submission tae the caliph. In the 11t century, the loss o respect for the caliphs conteena'd, as some Islamic rulers na langer mentioned the caliph's name in the Fryday [[khutba]], or struck it aff thair coinage.<ref name="Brauer" /> The [[Isma'ili]] [[Fatimid]] dynasty o Cairo contestit the Abbasids for even the teetular authority o the Islamic [[ummah]]. Thay commandit some support in the Shia sections o Baghdad (sic as [[Karkh]]), awtho Baghdad wis the ceety maist closely connectit tae the caliphate, even in the Buyid an Seljuq eras. The Fatimids' green banners contrastit wi Abbasids' black, an the challenge o the Fatimids anerly endit wi thair dounfaw in the 12t century. === Buyid an Seljuq control (945–1118) === Despite the pouer o the [[Buyids|Buyid]] amirs, the Abbasids reteened a heichly reetualised coort in Baghdad, as descrived bi the Buyid bureaucrat [[Hilal al-Sabi']], an thay retained a certain influence ower Baghdad as weel as releegious life. As Buyid pouer waned efter the daith o [[Baha' al-Daula]], the caliphate wis able tae regain some meisur o strenth. The caliph [[al-Qadir]], for example, led the ideological struggle against the Shia wi writins sic as the ''[[Baghdad Manifesto]]''. The caliphs kept order in Baghdad itsel, attemptin tae prevent the ootbreak o [[fitna (wird)|fitnas]] in the caipital, eften contendin wi the ''[[ayyarun]]'' Wi the Buyid dynasty on the dwyne, a vacuum wis creatit that wis eventually filled bi the dynasty o [[Oghuz Turks]] kent as the [[Seljuqs]]. Bi 1055, the Seljuqs haed wrestit control frae the Buyids an Abbasids, an teuk ony remeenin temporal pouer.{{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} Whan the amir an umwhile sclave [[Basasiri]] teuk up the Shia [[Fatimid]] banner in Baghdad in, the caliph [[al-Qa'im (caliph)|al-Qa'im]] wis unable tae defeat him withoot ootside help. [[Toghril Beg]], the Seljuq sultan, restored Baghdad tae Sunni rule an teuk Iraq for his dynasty. Ance again, the Abbasids war forced tae deal wi a military pouer that thay coud nae match, tho the Abbasid caliph remeened the teetular heid o the Islamic commonty. The succeedin sultans [[Alp Arslan]] an [[Malikshah]], as weel as thair vizier [[Nizam al-Mulk]], teuk up residence in Persie, but held pouer ower the Abbasids in Baghdad. Whan the dynasty begoud tae waiken in the 12t century, the Abbasids gained greater unthirldom ance again. === Revival o militar strenth (1118–1258) === [[File:Abbasids Baghdad Iraq 1244.JPG|thumb|upright|220px|Coin o the Abbasids, Baghdad, 1244]] While the Caliph [[al-Mustarshid]] wis the first caliph tae big an airmy capable o meetin a Seljuk airmy in battle, he wis nanetheless defeatit in 1135 an assassinatit. The Caliph [[Al-Muqtafi (Abbasid Caliph)|al-Muqtafi]] wus the first Abbasid Caliph tae regain the full militar unthirldom o the Caliphate, wi the help o his vizier [[Awn ad-Din ibn Hubayra|Ibn Hubayra]]. Efter nearly 250 years o subjection tae furrin dynasties, he successfully defendit Baghdad against the Seljuqs in the [[siege o Baghdad (1157)]], sicweys siccarin Iraq for the Abbasids. The ring o [[al-Nasir]] (d. 1225) brocht the caliphate back intae pouer ootthrou Iraq, based in lairge part on the [[Sufi]] [[futuwwa]] organisations that the caliph heidit.<ref name=mag /> [[Al-Mustansir (caliph)|Al-Mustansir]] biggit the [[Mustansiriya Schuil]], in an attempt tae eclipse the Seljuq-era [[Al-Nizamiyya o Baghdad|Nizamiyya]] biggit bi [[Nizam al-Mulk]]. === Mongol invasion (1206–1258) === [[File:DiezAlbumsFallOfBaghdad a.jpg|thumb|upright|220px|[[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|Siege o Baghdad]] bi the Mongols led bi [[Hulagu Khan]] in 1258]] In 1206, [[Genghis Khan]] established a pouerfu dynasty amang the [[Mongol]]s o [[central Asie]]. In the 13t century, this [[Mongol Empire]] conquered maist o the Eurasie laund mass, includin baith Cheenae in the east an muckle o the auld Islamic caliphate (as weel as [[Kievan Rus']]) in the wast. [[Hulagu Khan]]'s [[Battle o Baghdad (1258)|destruction o Baghdad]] in 1258 is tradeetionally seen as the approximate end o the Golden Age.<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|Yue|2008|p=215}}</ref> Mongols feared that a supernaitural disaster wad strick if the bluid o [[Al-Musta'sim]], a direct descendant o Muhammad's uncle [[Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]],<ref name=encyclopedia>{{harvnb|Glassé|Smith|2002}}</ref> an the last ringin Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, wis spilled. The Shia o [[Persia]] statit that na sic calamity haed happened efter the daith o [[Husayn ibn Ali]] in the [[Battle o Kerbala]]; nivertheless, as a precaution an in accordance wi a Mongol taboo that forbade spillin ryal bluid, Hulagu haed Al-Musta'sim wrapped in a cairpet an trampled tae daith bi horse on 20 Februar 1258. The Caliph's immediate faimily wis an aw executit, wi the lone exceptions o his youngest son that wis sent tae Mongolie, an a dochter that becam a sclave in the [[harem]] o Hulagu.<ref>{{harvnb|Frazier|2005}}</ref> === Abbasid Caliphate o Cairo (1261–1517) === In the 9t century, the Abbasids creatit an airmy leal anerly tae thair caliphate, componed o non-Arab oreegin fowk, kent as [[Mamluks]].<ref name="István Vásáry 2005">{{harvnb|Vásáry|2005}}</ref><ref name="Isichei 1997 192">{{harvnb|Isichei|1997|p=192}}</ref><ref name="T. Pavlidis 2011">{{harvnb|Pavlidis|2010}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mikaberidze|2004}}</ref><ref name="bbs">{{harvnb|Visser|2005|p=19}}</ref> This force, creatit in the ring o [[al-Ma'mun]] (813–33) an his brither an successor [[al-Mu'tasim]] (833–42), preventit the forder disintegration o the empire. The Mamluk airmy, tho eften viewed negatively, baith helped an hurt the caliphate. Early on, it providit the govrenment wi a stable force tae address domestic an furrin problems. Houiver, creaution o this furrin airmy an al-Mu'tasim's transfer o the caipital frae Baghdad tae [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]] creatit a diveesion atween the caliphate an the fowks thay claimed tae rule. In addeetion, the pouer o the Mamluks steadily grew till [[al-Radi]] (934–41) wis constrained tae haund ower maist o the ryal functions tae [[Muhammad ibn Ra'iq]].<ref name="EB1911" /> == Culture == === Islamic Gowden Age === {{main|Islamic Gowden Age}} [[File:ManuscriptAbbasid.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Manuscript frae the Abbasid era]] The Abbasid historical period lastin tae the [[Siege o Baghdad (1258)|Mongol conquest o Baghdad]] in 1258 CE is conseedert the Islamic Gowden Age.<ref name="Tahir Abbas">{{harvnb|Abbas|2011|p=9}}</ref> The Islamic Gowden Age wis inauguratit bi the middle o the 8t century bi the ascension o the Abbasid [[Caliphate]] an the transfer o the caipital frae [[Damascus]] tae Baghdad.<ref name="Vartan">{{harvnb|Gregorian|2003}}</ref> The Abbassids war influenced bi the [[Qur'an]]ic injunctions an [[hadith]] sic as "the ink o a scholart is mair haly nor the bluid o a mairtyr" stressin the vailyie o knawledge. In this period the Muslim warld becam an intellectual centre for science, filosofie, medicine an eddication as <ref name="Vartan" /> the Abbasids championed the cause o knawledge an established the [[Hoose o Wicedom]] in Baghdad; whaur baith Muslim an nan-Muslim scholarts socht tae translate an gaither aw the warld's knawledge intae [[Arabic leid|Arabic]].<ref name="Vartan" /> Mony clessic warks o antiquity that wad itherwise hae been lost war translatit intae Arabic an Persie an later in turn translatit intae Turkis, Ebreu an Laitin.<ref name="Vartan" /> In this period the Muslim warld wis a caudron o culturs that collectit, synthesized an signeeficantly advanced the knawledge gained frae the auncient [[Auncient Roum|Roman]], Cheenese, [[History o Indie|Indie]], [[Sasanian Empire|Persie]], [[Auncient Egyp|Egyptian]], North African, [[Auncient Greece|Greek]] an [[Byzantine]] ceevilisations.<ref name="Vartan" /> "In virtually ivery field o endeavor—in astronomy, alchemy, mathematics, medicine, optics an so forth—the Caliphate's scientists war in the forefront o scienteefic advance."<ref>{{harvnb|Huff|2003|p=48}}</ref> === Science === [[File:Mustansiriya University CPT.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Mustansiriya Varsity]] in [[Baghdad]]]]The rings o [[Harun al-Rashid]] (786–809) an his successors fostered an age o great intellectual achievement. In lairge part, this wis the result o the schismatic forces that haed unnermined the Umayyad regime, that relied on the assertion o the superiority o [[Arab cultur]] as pairt o its claim tae legitimacy, an the Abbasids' welcomin o support frae nan-Arab Muslims. It is weel established that the Abbasid caliphs modeled thair admeenistration on that o the [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanids]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gibb|1982|p=66}}</ref> Harun al-Rashid's son, [[Al-Ma'mun]] (that's mither wis [[Persie fowk|Persie]]), is even quotit as sayin: {{quote |The Persies ruled for a thoosand years an did nae need us Arabs even for a day. We hae been rulin them for ane or twa centuries an canna dae withoot them for an oor.<ref>{{harvnb|Spuler|1960|p=29}}</ref>}} A nummer o medieval thinkers an scientists leevin unner Islamic rule played a role in transmittin [[Islamic science]] tae the Christian Wast. In addeetion, the period saw the rekivery o muckle o the [[Alexandria]]n mathematical, geometric an astronomical knawledge, sic as that o [[Euclid]] an Claudius [[Ptolemy]]. Thir rekivert mathematical methods war later enhanced an developit bi ither Islamic scholarts, notably bi [[Persie fowk|Persie]] scientists [[Al-Biruni]] an [[Abu Nasr Mansur]]. [[File:Al-Jaahith - African Arab Naturalist - Basra - al jahiz.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Jabir ibn Hayyan]], "the faither o [[Chemistry]]"<ref>{{harvnb|Derewenda|2007|p=247}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vallely|2006}}</ref>|left]] [[Christians]] (pairteecularly [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] Christians) contreibutit tae the Arab Islamic Ceevilisation in the [[Ummayads]] an the Abbasids bi translatin warks o [[Greek filosofers]] tae [[Syriac leid|Syriac]] an efterwart tae [[Arabic leid|Arabic]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hill|1993|p=4}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Brague|2009|p=164}}</ref> Nestorians played a prominent role in the formation o Arab cultur,<ref>{{harvnb|Hoiberg|2010a|p=612}}</ref> wi the [[Jundishapur]] schuil bein prominent in the late [[Sassanid]], [[Umayyad]] an early Abbasid periods.<ref>{{harvnb|Söylemez|2005|p=3}}</ref> Notably, aicht generations o the Nestorian [[Bukhtishu]] faimily served as preevat doctors tae caliphs an sultans atween the aicht an elevent centuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Bonner|Ener|Singer|2003|p=97}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ruano|Burgos|1992|p=527}}</ref> [[Algebra]] wis signeeficantly developit bi Persie scientist [[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] in this time in his laundmerk text, ''[[The Compendious Beuk on Calculation bi Completion an Balancin|Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala]]'', frae that the term ''algebra'' is derived. He is sicweys conseedert tae be the faither o algebra bi some,<ref>{{harvnb|Eglash|1999|p=61}}</ref> awtho the Greek mathematician [[Diophantus]] haes an aw been gien this teetle. The terms [[algorism]] an [[algorithm]] are derived frae the name o al-Khwarizmi, that wis an aw responsible for introducin the [[Arabic numerals]] an [[Hindu-Arabic numeral system]] ayont the [[Indie subcontinent]]. [[File:Alhazen (122459248).jpg|thumb|220px|[[Alhazen|Ibn al-Haytham]], "the faither o [[Optics]].<ref>{{harvnb|Verma|1969}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}}</ref>]] [[Arab]] scientist [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhazen) developed an early [[scienteefic method]] in his ''[[Beuk o Optics]]'' (1021). The maist important development o the scienteefic method wis the uise o experiments tae distinguish atween competin scienteefic theories set within a generally [[empiricism|empirical]] orientation, that begoud amang Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham's [[empirical]] pruif o the intromission theory o licht (that is, that licht rays entered the een raither than bein [[emission theory (veesion)|emittit bi them]]) wis pairteecularly important. Alhazen wis signeeficant in the [[history o scienteefic method]], pairteecularly in his approach tae experimentation,<ref>{{harvnb|Toomer|1964}}</ref> and has been referred to as the "world’s first true scientist".<ref>{{harvnb|Al-Khalili|2009}}</ref> [[Medicine in medieval Islam]] wis an aurie o science that advanced pairteecularly in the Abbasids' ring. In the 9t century, Baghdad conteened ower 800 doctors, an great diskiveries in the unnerstaundin o anatomy an diseases war made. The clinical distinction atween [[maisles]] and [[smawpox]] wis descrived in this time. Famous Persie scientist [[Ibn Sina]] (kent tae the Wast as [[Avicenna]]) produced treatises an warks that summarised the vast amoont o knawledge that scientists haed accumulatit, an wis verra influential throu his encyclopaedias, ''[[The Canon o Medicine]]'' an ''[[The Beuk o Healin]]''. The wark o him an mony ithers directly influenced the resairch o European scientists in the [[Renaissance]]. [[Alchemy an chemistry in medieval Islam|Muslim alchemists]] influenced medieval European alchemists, pairteecularly the writins attributit tae [[Jābir ibn Hayyān]] (Geber). A nummer o [[chemical process]]es sic as [[distillation]] techniques ear developed in the Muslim warld an then spreid tae Europe. === Leeteratur === [[File:More tales from the Arabian nights-14566176968.jpg|right|thumb|Illustration frae ''Mair tales frae the Arabian nichts'' (1915)]] The best kent feection frae the Islamic warld is ''[[The Beuk o Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts]]'', a collection o fantastical fowk tales, leegends an parables compiled primarily in the Abbassid era. The collection is recordit as haein oreeginatit frae an Arabic translation o a Sassanian era Persie prototeep, wi likely oreegins in Indie leeterar tradeetions. Stories frae [[Arabic leeteratur|Arabic]], [[Persie leeteratur|Persie]], [[Mesopotamie]], an [[Egyptian leeteratur|Egyptian]] fowklair an leeteratur war later incorporatit. The epic is believed tae hae taken shape in the 10t century an reached its feenal form bi the 14t century; the nummer an teep o tales hae varied frae ane manuscript tae anither.<ref name="arabianNights">{{Harvnb | Grant | Clute | 1999 | p = 51}}.</ref> Aw Arabian [[fantasie]] tales war eften cried "Arabian Nichts" whan translatit intae Inglis, regairdless o whether thay appeared in ''The Beuk o Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts''.<ref name="arabianNights" /> This epic haes been influential in the Wast syne it wis translatit in the 18t century, first bi [[Antoine Galland]].<ref>{{harvnb|de Camp|1976|p=10}}</ref> Many imitations were written, especially in France.<ref name="arabianNights2">{{harvnb|Grant|Clute|1999|p=52}}</ref> Various chairacters frae this epic hae themsels acome cultural icons in Wastren cultur, sic as [[Aladdin]], [[Sinbad]] an [[Ali Baba]]. A famous example o Islamic poetry on [[romance (luve)|romance]] wis ''[[Layla an Majnun]]'', an oreeginally [[Arabic]] story that wis faur developed bi [[Iranian fowks|Iranian]], [[Azerbaijani fowk|Azerbaijani]] an ither poets in [[Persian leid|Persian]], [[Azerbaijani leid|Azerbaijani]], [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] leids.<ref>{{harvnb|Clinton|2000|pp=15–16}}</ref> It is a [[Tragedy|tragic]] story of undying love much like the later ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Arabic poetry reached its greatest hicht in the Abbasid era, especially afore the loss o central authority an the rise o the Persianate dynasties. Writers lik [[Abu Tammam]] an [[Abu Nuwas]] war closely connectit tae the caliphal coort in Baghdad in the early 9t century, while ithers such as [[al-Mutanabbi]] received thair patronage frae regional coorts. === Filosofie === Ane o the common defineetions for "Islamic filosofie" is "the style o filosofie produced within the framewark o Islamic cultur."<ref name="RoutledgeEoP">{{harvnb|Leaman|1998}}</ref> Islamic filosofie, in this defineetion is naither necessarily concerned wi releegious issues, nor is exclusively produced bi Muslims.<ref name="RoutledgeEoP" /> Thair warks on [[Aristotle]] wis a key step in the transmission o learnin frae auncient Greeks tae the Islamic warld an the Wast. Thay eften correctit the filosofer, encouragin a lively debate in the speerit o [[ijtihad]]. Three speculative thinkers, [[al-Kindi]], [[al-Farabi]], an [[Avicenna]], combined [[Aristotelianism]] an [[Neoplatonism]] wi ither ideas introduced throu Islam, an [[Avicennism]] wis later established as a result. Ither influential Abbasid filosofers include [[al-Jahiz]], an [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen). === Airchitectur === [[File:Baghdad-Zumurrud-Khaton.jpg|thumb|[[Zumurrud Khatun Mosque|Zumurrud Khatun Tomb]] (1200 CE), in seemetry at [[Baghdad]]]] As the pouer shiftit frae the Umayyads tae the Abbasids, the airchitectur styles chynged an aw. The Christian styles evolved intae a style based mair on the [[Sasanian Empire]] utilisin mud bricks an baked bricks wi cairved stucco.<ref name=wil>{{harvnb|Wilber|1969|p=5}}</ref> Anither major development wis the creaution or vast enlairgement o ceeties as thay war turned intae the caipital o the empire. First, stairtin wi the creaution o Baghdad, stairtin in 762, that wis planned as a wawed ceety wi a mosque an pailace in the centre. The waws war tae hae fower gates tae exit the ceety. Al-Mansur, that wis responsible for the creaution o Baghdad, an aw planned the ceety o [[Raqqa]], alang the [[Euphrates]]. Feenally, in 836, al-Mu'tasim muived the caipital tae a new steid that he creatit alang the [[Tigris]], cried [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]]. This ceety saw 60 years o wark, wi race-coorses an gemme preserves tae add tae the atmosphere.<ref name=wil /> Due tae the dry remote naitur o the environment, some o the pailaces biggit in this era war isolatit havens. [[Al-Ukhaidir Fortress]] is a fine ensaumple o this teep o biggin that haes stables, leevin quarters, an a mosque, aw surroondin inner coortyairds.<ref name=wil /> Ither mosques o this era, sic as the [[Mosque o Ibn Tulun]], in [[Cairo]], an the [[Great Mosque o Kairouan]] in [[Tunisie]] while ultimately biggit in the Umayyad dynasty, it wis substantially renovatit in the 9t century. This renovation wis sae extensive as tae ostensibly be a rebig, wis in the faurest reaches o the Muslim warld, in an aurie that the [[Aghlabids]] controlled; houiver the styles utilized war mainly o the Abbasids.<ref>{{harvnb|Wilmer|1969|pp=5–6}}</ref> Mesopotamie anerly haes ane survivin [[mausoleum]] frae this era, in Samarra. This octagonal dome is the feenal restin place o [[al-Muntasir]].<ref name=wil2>{{harvnb|Wilber|1969|p=6}}</ref> Ither airchitectural innovations an styles war few, sic as the [[fower-centred airch|fower-centred arch]], an a dome erectit on [[squinch]]es. Unfortunately, muckle wis lost due tae the ephemeral naitur o the stucco an luster tiles.<ref name=wil2 /> === Technology === [[File:Wasseruhr Harun al Raschid.jpg|thumb|Illustration shawin a [[watter clock]] gien tae [[Charlemagne]] bi [[Harun al-Rashid]]]] In technology, the Abbasids adoptit [[papermakkin]] frae Cheenae.<ref name=Lucas>{{harvnb|Lucas|2005|p=10}}</ref> The uise o paper spreid frae Cheenae intae the caliphate in the 8t century CE, arrivin in [[al-Andalus]] (Islamic Spain) an then the rest o Europe in the 10t century. It wis easier tae manufactur nor [[pairchment]], less likely tae crack nor [[papyrus]], an coud resorb ink, makkin it ideal for makkin records an makkin copies o the Koran. "Islamic paper makkers devised assemmly-line methods o haund-copyin manuscripts tae turn oot edeetions faur lairger nor ony available in Europe for centuries."<ref>{{harvnb|Cotter|2001}}</ref> It wis frae the Abbasids that the rest o the warld learned tae mak paper frae linen.<ref>{{harvnb|Dunn|2003|p=166}}</ref> The knawledge o [[gunpouder]] wis an aw transmitted frae Cheenae via the caliphate, whaur the formulas for pure [[potassium nitrate]] an an [[explosive]] gunpouder effect war first developed.<ref>{{harvnb|al-Hassan|2002}}</ref> Advances war made in [[irrigation]] an fermin, uisin new technology sic as the [[windmill]]. Craps such as [[awmond]]s an [[citrus]] fruit war brocht tae Europe throu [[al-Andalus]], an succar cultivation wis gradually adoptit bi the Europeans. Apairt frae the [[Nile]], [[Tigris]] an [[Euphrates]], navigable rivers war uncommon, sae transport bi sea wis verra important. Navigational sciences war heichly developed, makkin uise o a rudimentary [[sextant]] (kent as a kamal). Whan combined wi detailed maps o the period, sailors war able tae sail athort oceans raither nor skirt alang the coast. Abbasid sailors war an aw responsible for reintroducin lairge three mastit merchant veshels tae the [[Mediterranean]]. The name [[caravel]] mey derive frae an earlier Arab ship kent as the ''qārib''.<ref>{{harvnb|Schwarz|2013}}</ref> Arab merchants dominatit tred in the Indie Ocean till the arrival o the Portuguese in the 16t century. [[Ormus|Hormuz]] wis an important centre for this tred. Thare wis an aw a dense netwark o tred routes in the [[Mediterranean]], alang that Muslim kintras treddit wi ilk ither an wi European pouers sic as [[Venice]] or [[Genoa]]. The [[Silk Road]] crossin Central Asie passed throu Abbasid caliphate atween Cheenae an Europe. == Notes == {{reflist|group=nb}} == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Bibliografie == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |last=Abbas |first=Tahir |title=Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdC90uc8PfQC&pg=PA9 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, UK |isbn=0-415-57225-8 |lccn=2009050163 |year=2011 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Al-Abbasi |first=A. M. 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Ochsenwald |last2=Fisher |first2=Sydney Nettleton |title=The Middle East: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeasthistor0000fish_u9b8 |year=2004 |publisher=McGraw Hill |location=Boston, MA |edition=6th |lccn=2003041213 |isbn=0-07-244233-6 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Pavlidis |first=T. |editor-last1=Goldschmidt Jr. |editor-first1=Arthur |editor-last2=Davidson |editor-first2=Lawrence |edition=9th |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |title=A Concise History of the Middle East |chapter=11: Turks and Byzantine Decline |year=2010 |isbn=0-8133-4388-7 |lccn=2009005664 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Perry |first=J. |year=1979 |title=Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran: 1747–1779 |url=https://archive.org/details/karmkhnzandhisto0000perr |isbn=0-226-66098-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite web |last=Rabin |first=Sheila |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/ |publisher=Stanford |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Nicolaus Copernicus |date=15 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2016 |access-date=27 November 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6mLFCt9HM?url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/ |deadurl=no |ref=harv |df=dmy }} * {{cite book |last1=Ruano |first1=Eloy Benito |last2=Burgos |first2=Manuel Espadas |title=17e Congrès international des sciences historiques: Madrid, du 26 août au 2 septembre 1990 |trans-title=17th International Congress of Historical Sciences: Madrid, From August 26 to September 2, 1990 |volume=1 |year=1992 |publisher=Comité international des sciences historiques [International Committee of Historical Sciences] |isbn=978-84-600-8154-8 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=JXUoAQAAIAAJ&dq=17e+Congr%C3%A8s+international+des+sciences+historiques&q=bukhtishu |language=fr |ref=harv }} * {{cite web |last=Schwarz |first=George R. |url=http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/htmls/Caravel%20History.htm |title=History of the Caravel |publisher=Texas A & M University |website=Nautical Arcaheology |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFFdE691?url=http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/htmls/Caravel%20History.htm |year=2013 |ref=harv |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} * {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Bradley |last2=Weng |first2=Wango H. C. |url=https://books.google.com/?id=8rhPAAAAMAAJ |title=China: A History in Art |year=1973 |publisher=Harper & Row |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-06-013932-3 |lccn=72076978 |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Sourdel |first=D. |editor1-last=Holt |editor1-first=P. M. |editor2-last=Lambton |editor2-first=Ann K. S. |editor3-last=Lewis |editor3-first=Bernard |chapter=The ʿAbbasid Caliphate |pages=104–139 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1A: The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to the First World War |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-521-21946-4 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Söylemez |first=Mehmet Mahfuz |journal=The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences |volume=22 |issue=2 |title=The Jundishapur School: Its History, Structure, and Functions |pages=1–27 |year=2005 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Spuler |first=Bertold |title=The Muslim World: A Historical Survey |volume=I: The Age of the Caliphs |place=Leiden, Netherlands |publisher=E. J. Brill |year=1960 |isbn=0-685-23328-6 |others=Translated by Bagley, F. R. C. |lccn=61001030 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Toomer |first=G. J. |date=December 1964 |title=Book Review: Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik by Matthias Schramm |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=463–465 |doi=10.1086/349914 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, IL |ref=harv}} * {{cite news |last=Vallely |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Vallely |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/science_technology/article350594.ece |title=How Islamic Inventors Changed the World |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London, UK |date=11 March 2006 |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517013534/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/science_technology/article350594.ece |dead-url=yes |df=dmy |ref=harv |access-date=2019-01-03 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Vásáry |first=István |year=2005 |title=Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans: 1185–1365 |url=https://archive.org/details/cumanstatarsorie0000vasa |isbn=0-521-83756-1 |lccn=2005296238 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Verma |first=R. L. |year=1969 |title=Al-Hazen: Father of Modern Optics |ref=harv}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2015}} * {{cite book |last=Visser |first=Reidar |title=Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq |url={{Google books|pCC4ffbOv_YC|page=19|Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq | plainurl = yes}} |year=2005 |isbn=3-8258-8799-5 |publisher=Transaction Publisher |location=New Brunswick, NJ |ref=harv }} * {{cite book |last=Wade |first=Geoffrey |editor1-last=Wade |editor1-first=Geoff |editor2-last=Tana |editor2-first=Li |chapter=Southeast Asian Islam and Southern China in the Fourteenth Century |title=Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |place=Singapore |year=2012 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last=Warren |first=John |year=2005 |title=War and the Cultural Heritage of Iraq: A Sadly Mismanaged Affair |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2005_26_4-5/page/815 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=4-5 |pages=815–30 |doi=10.1080/01436590500128048 |ref=harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Wilber |first=Donald N. |editor-last1=Myers |editor-first1=Bernard S. |editor-last2=Myers |editor-first2=Shirley D. |encyclopedia=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art |year=1969 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |location=New York, NY |volume=1: Aa-Ceylon |title=Abbasid Architecture |lccn=68026314 |ref=harv}} {{refend}} [[Category:Abbasid Caliphate| ]] [[Category:Arab dynasties]] [[Category:History o Iran]] [[Category:Medieval Iraq]] [[Category:States in medieval Anatolie]] [[Category:States in medieval Azerbaijan]] [[Category:750 establishments]] [[Category:1510s disestablishments in Asie]] [[Category:16t-century disestablishments in the Abbasid Caliphate]] [[Category:Umwhile caliphates]] 4ejsmiic2hs2bbpoxst2nz1hm88ycy4 0 127722 922992 922020 2026-09-22T00:33:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 922992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox televeesion | show_name = SpongeBob SquarePants | image = SBSP logo.png | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * Comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref> *Slapstick *Surreal humor}} | runtime = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)<br />22 minutes (special episodes anly) | creautor = [[Stephen Hillenburg]] | developer = {{Plainlist| * [[Derek Drymon]] * [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]] * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] }} | creative_director = {{Plainlist| * Derek Drymon <small>(1999–2004)</small> * [[Vincent Waller]] <small>(2005–15)</small> }} | opentheme = "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme", performed by [[Patrick Pinney]] | endtheme = "SpongeBob Closing Theme", written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr | theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon<br />Mark Harrison<br />Stephen Hillenburg<br />Blaise Smith | composer = Steve Belfer<br />Nicolas Carr<br />Sage Guyton<br />Jeremy Wakefield<br />Brad Carow <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[The Blue Hawaiians]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />Eban Schletter <small>(2000–present)</small><br />Barry Anthony <small>(2006–15)</small> | vyces = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Kenny]] * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] * [[Rodger Bumpass]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Mr. Lawrence]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * ([[List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members|Complete list]]) }} | kintra = United States | leid = Inglis | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | picture_format = {{Plainlist| * [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | audio_format = {{Plainlist| * Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|05|01}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | num_seasons = 13 <!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--> | num_episodes = <onlyinclude>278</onlyinclude> | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Stephen Hillenburg * [[Paul Tibbitt]] <small>(2008–17)</small> * <small>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2006–08)</small> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Donna Castricone <small>(1999–2002)</small> * Helen Kafatic <small>(2002–04)</small> * Anne Michaud <small>(2001)</small> * Dina Buteyn <small>(2005–10)</small> * Jennie Monica Hammond <small>(2010–present)</small> * <small>'''Supervising Producers:'''</small> * Derek Drymon <small>(2002–04)</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2005–15)</small> * Marc Ceccarelli <small>(2015–present)</small> * Vincent Waller <small>(2015–present)</small> }} | list_episodes = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[United Plankton Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Rough Draft Korea (animation service) }} | distributor = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)<br />[[Paramount Television]] | relatit = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' | website = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants }} '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series follaes the anters an ettlins o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various freends in the fictional unnerwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it a [[media franchise]], as weel as the heichest ratit series tae iver air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distribute aucht o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--> As o 2024, the media franchise haes generate $13 billion in merchandisin revenues for Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> Mony o the idaias for the series cam frae an onpublished eddicational comic book cried ''The Intertidal Zone'', the whilk Hillenburg create in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}</ref> He stertit developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 apo the cancellation o ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny|Tam Kenny]], wha haed wirked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreiginally gang tae be cried ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Farhat|first=Basima (Interviewer)|date=December 5, 2006|title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants – Interview|url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3|archive-date=2011-07-24|website=The People Speak Radio|access-date=2017-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Banks|first=Steven|title=SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=https://archive.org/details/spongebobexposed0000bank|publisher=Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon|year=2004|isbn=978-0-689-86870-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/spongebobexposed0000bank/page/32 31]}}</ref> but thir war baith chyngit, sin the name wis trademerkit aareddies.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Heintjes|first=Tom|date=September 21, 2012|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|archive-date=2015-08-31|access-date=2021-01-16}}</ref> Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the Unitit States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airin o the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards|1999 ''Kids' Choice Awards'']].{{citation needed}} The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes gotten warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained ondeemous popularity bi its saicont saison. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in cinemas on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series stertit airin its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth saison]], stertin wi the episode "Whirly Brains". In Mey 2017, the programme wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t saison.<ref>{{Cite news|date=|title=‘SpongeBob SquarePants’ Season 12 Set For 2019 On Nickelodeon|work=[[Deadline]]|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-season-12-nickelodeon-1202100543/|url-status=live}}</ref> The series haes wun a variety o awairds, amang thaim sax [[Annie Award|''Annie Award'']]s,<ref>{{Cite web|title=40th Annual Annie Awards Winners|url=http://www.annieawards.org/40thannieawards|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218133344/http://www.annieawards.org/40thannieawards|archive-date=2014-02-18|website=Annie Awards|access-date=2026-08-23}}</ref> echt [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|''Golden Reel Awards'']],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees|work=[[Hollywood Reporters]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/golden-reel-nominees-413536/|url-status=live}}</ref> twa [[Emmy Award|''Emmy Award'']]s,{{citation needed}} 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|''Kids' Choice Awards'']],{{citation needed}} and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|''BAFTA Children's Awards'']]{{citation needed}}. Maugre its widespreid popularity, the series haes been insnorled in a wheen public controversies: ane o thaim wis centred on speculation ower SpongeBob's ettled sexual orientation,<ref>{{Cite news|title=SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator|work=[[People]]|url=https://people.com/celebrity/spongebob-asexual-not-gay-creator/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Camp cartoon star 'is not gay'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2313221.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> while anither wis focused on the perceived dwinin quality o the programme's content syne the release o the first film.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Viacom should pull the plug on SpongeBob|work=[[MSN]]|url=http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-01-16|archive-date=2012-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505002658/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Let's trace the rise, fall, and much later rebirth of Spongebob Squarepants|work=[[AV Club]]|url=https://www.avclub.com/lets-trace-the-rise-fall-and-much-later-rebirth-of-sp-1822156489|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, a newly descrivit speshie o fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named for the cartoon's title character.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SpongeBob lends name to new mushroom species|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13874049|url-status=live}}</ref> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}} [[Category:1990s American televeesion series]] [[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]] [[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:Childer's televeesion series]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] [[Category:Unnerwatter feection]] tcpncpj3qb482v6ysyuncbr1cnbbl6i 4 232103 922982 922737 2026-09-21T23:20:24Z MABot 35091 Bot: Archivin 1 thread fae [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross]] 922982 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. 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Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 23:19, 22 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:14, 3 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Celtic Knot Conference, 25–27 September: programme announcement == Hello everyone, On behalf of the Celtic Knot organising team, I'm excited to announce that the programme is now [[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|available to view on Meta-Wiki]]. Explore the diverse range of sessions, workshops, and cultural events that will bring together language enthusiasts, Wikimedians, and community leaders from around the world. Whether you're interested in language preservation, digital tools for minority languages, or simply connecting with like-minded individuals, there's something for everyone. And there will be more programme updates including satellite events. We have some additional sessions in store that you won't want to miss. [[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|Check out the program now and start planning your conference experience]]. As a reminder, if you plan to join the conference onsite or online, don't forget to [https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/2024-celtic-knot-wikimedia-language-conference-25-27-september-tickets-920884589597?aff=oddtdtcreator register on Eventbrite]. [[Uiser:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|Richard Nevell (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:16, 10 September 2024 (UTC) == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' *Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|sco}}. *If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': *Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 18:56, 27 September 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 October 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == Deployment of Dark mode in Scots Wikipedia == Hello Scots Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}. We are happy to announce that the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] have deployed [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on Scots Wikipedia! This was possible because pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! This was only possible due to the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who have made sure that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, we would like to add that the Web team's work on dark mode has concluded. If on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create this page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/sco.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 01:42, 9 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikimedian of the Year Awards - Call for Nominations Now Open == Hello everyone, We are excited to announce that nominations are open for the 2024 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards. We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have been involved with Wikimedia UK's efforts to advance open knowledge in 2023/24. The categories for this year are: * UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual) * Partnership of the Year (Organisation) * Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual) We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2023/24. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment. Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the Community Celebration on Saturday 23rd November 2024. [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-2024-nominations-open/ Read more and nominate] 13:48, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Scots Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Scots Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Scots Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 9th November 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Winter 2024 Writin Drive == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki! 25 Nov - 1 Dec, Zoom sessions 25 & 28 Nov. The theme is Scots & Irish Social Venues & Events. [[Wikipedia:Winter 2024 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:01, 18 November 2024 (UTC) == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Featurt Pictur == Am wantin tae gie a haun wi pittin on the featurt pictur fur the front page. Are thare ony guidelines a hiv tae abide bi an whaur coud a fun eemages tae pit on? Is thare a candidate leet? -[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 20:00, 25 November 2024 (UTC) :Jist summat aat ye hink leuks gweed. A'd ask aat ye pick summat aat haes ae hauf decent airticle on here, wid raither nae hae reid airtins on the front page (he seys, ignorin the twa reid templates on the front page). Anither hing, we kin prolly dae awa wi the OTD section. Naebidy wints ti maintain it an it's mair ae hudower fae blindly copyin enwiki [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:09, 25 November 2024 (UTC) ::A’d comment it oot until we kin fun someb'dy thit is willin tae wirk on it. -[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 02:31, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ::One way to make "on this day" easier is to use the day of the year pages, and the <nowiki><onlyinclude></nowiki> tag. I've done this quickly for 14 December. I could potentially do all the days of the year, maybe includin just those entries which have no red links apart from years. [[Uiser:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Uiser collogue:Rich Farmbrough|tauk]]) == My Sincerest Thanks == I apologize for not writing this in the commonly used dialect, but I find I am incapable of it. That's besides my point. I am (or at least consider myself to be) a rookie Voice Actor, and have to learn a variety of accents to accommodate different voices. The way this site is written has helped me greatly by visualizing the pronunciation of the Scottish accent, and has actually landed me a potential job. Thanks, - [[Uiser:Shovel Shenanigans|Shovel Shenanigans]] ([[Uiser collogue:Shovel Shenanigans|tauk]]) 01:50, 15 December 2024 (UTC) == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Januar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Januar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Februar writin drive - 3-9 Februar == {{en}} Afternoon folks, a wee reminder that the next Writin Drive takes place next week (3-9th), with Zoom sessions taking place Monday 3 & Thursday 6. Edit any time during the week and sign up for the Dashboard to log your edits! We're focussing again on articles with the "Fix Scots" tab. [[Wikipedia:Februar 2025 Writin Drive||Mair info & sign up here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:57, 27 Januar 2025 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Februar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == Temporar adminship fur Pigsonthewing == A'm requestin aat [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing]] be gien temporar (1 month) adminship here. Pigsonthewing is ae admin on Wikispecies sae haes experience wi the tuils an haes been helpin wi coontervandalism here durin ma absence (taggin spam an makkin uiss o rowback tuils), an haein the fu reeng o tuils wid help them deal wi spam an vandalism an mak siccart aat scowiki disna gang unner whiles a'm gane [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) '''Comment''' - A'm pittin iss here insteid ae at [[WP:RFA]] as iss is meant as a temporar caretakkin meisur raither nor ae lang term prospeck [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) :'''Aye''' (en) I know @[[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] through my paid work wearing my @[[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] hat; supporting as a volunteer. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 10:08, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) : Thank you. Confirming I'm happy to serve in this role. [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] ([[Uiser collogue:Pigsonthewing|tauk]]) 10:22, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) : '''Support''' [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 20:29, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Februar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Mairch Writin Drive - 24-30 Mairch == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 24-30 Mairch! Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template. Zooms - 24 & 27 Mairch, 6-8pm UTC. Mair info [[Wikipedia:Mairch 2025 Writin Drive|here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:23, 25 Februar 2025 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Mairch 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Mairch 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' *Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|sco}}. *If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': *Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:14, 14 Mairch 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Apryle 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Mey-Juin Writin Drive - 26 Mey - 1 Juin == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 26 Mey - 1 Juin! Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template. Zooms - 27 & 29 Mey, 6-8pm UTC+1 (BST) [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:34, 15 Apryle 2025 (UTC) == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Apryle 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Apryle 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Apryle 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Celtic Knot 2025 survey == {{en}} Sorry not to be able to send this in Scots - message below in Welsh and English. (Gweler isod ar gyfer y Gymraeg) We are planning an online community meeting later this year for [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024|Celtic Knot]] (a conference celebrating minority languages). We would love to hear from you what you would like to see. We have created a small questionnaire to find out what was successful at Celtic Knot 2024 and what you would like to see this year. The survey is open to people who attended the conference last year and people who are interested in coming to an online community meeting this year. To participate, go to https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog. The survey is also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog Welsh] or [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScN6IBXfAUowjhQ4Uc6-_SZXUMJ9Mtp-iUgX5thg8bPHOGA-A/viewform?usp=dialog Irish]. (See above for English) Rydym gynllunio ar gyfer cyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein yn ddiweddarach eleni ar gyfer [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024/cy|Celtic Knot]] (cynhadledd sy’n dathlu ieithoedd lleiafrifol). Byddem wrth ein bodd yn dysgu oddi wrthych beth hoffech chi ei weld. Rydym wedi creu holiadur bach i ddysgu beth roedd yn llwyddiannus yn Celtic Knot 2024 a beth hoffech chi weld eleni. Mae’r arolwg yn agor i bobol sydd wedi mynychu’r gynhadledd llynedd a phobl gyda diddordeb am ddod i gyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein eleni. I gymryd rhan, ewch i https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:56, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :The above survey will close on the '''15th May.''' The survey is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Welsh] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Irish] however if for any reason the survey isn't accessible for you, you are very welcome to email me (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) to share your thoughts or discuss more accessible ways to have your say. :Mae'r holiadur uchod yn cau ar y 15fed Mai. Mae'r holiadur yn ar gael yn [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog Saesneg], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Cymraeg] a [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Gwyddelig] ond os mae'r holiadur ddim yn hygyrch amdanoch chi am unrhyw reswm, mae croeso mawr i chi anfon e-bost i fi (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) i rannu eich barn neu drafod am ffyrdd well i chi cael eich dweud. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:13, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC) == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|Collogue]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki! 26 Mey - 1 Juin - mair info - [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]] Thare ur '''2450''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1480''' (25 Mairch 2025) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:41, 21 Mey 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mey 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 03:08, 28 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|Collogue]]) 16:47, 29 Mey 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juin 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:44, 17 Juin 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == Adminship votin open == {{en}} Wee note to say that there's an RfA (request for adminship) now open here: [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 09:57, 25 Juin 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juin 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:45, 14 Julie 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == (en) Wiki Loves Monuments help needed.. == Hey folks, Sara here. Turns out that we could offer a Scots interface for the new Wiki Loves Monuments app if we can offer the translations - I'd LOVE for us to be able to do this, but I know fine well that I don't have the skills to do it myself. Wondering if anyone here might be interested in helping out? There's 142 items, ranging from single words to longer sentences, with a lot being short phrases (2-6 ish words long). Hoping that maybe if a few folks pitch in, that it wouldn't be too big a job...? If folks are interested, please do drop me a wee email and I could share the spreadsheet - sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:41, 14 August 2025 (UTC) == (en) Wikimedia UK Sandbox Sessions == Just a wee note to let folks know about some events we've got coming up that might be of interest - [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/08/community-sandbox-events/ Wikimedia UK Sandbox Sessions."] They're volunteer-led events supported by Wikimedia UK - the first is on using a Wikidata tool called Duplicity, to create missing Wikidata items from Wikipedia, and the next is on How to edit calmly in controversial areas. There's one more announced at the moment, and two still to come! Should be good - hope to see some folks there :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:13, 14 August 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == (en) Celtic Knot Online Gathering this September == {{en}} Hi, I'd just like to let you know about the "Celtic Knot" online gathering that's happening on the 23rd September 2025. The gathering is an opportunity for editors who edit in different languages, especially Celtic and minoritised languages, to connect and learn from each other. More information and registration is [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2025/Programme|here]]. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:02, 28 August 2025 (UTC) == Volunteer role: Scots Wiki community support == {{en}} Since 2020, Wikimedia UK has been supporting the Scots Wiki community with a series of editathons / writing drives. We’re currently looking for a new volunteer to help add some capacity in this area of work, as the existing volunteer is stepping down, after five years of greatly-appreciated work. Ideally this person would be a Scots speaker / writer who’s got some Wiki skills, but we’re aware that that’s a small group of people! If you’re a Scots speaker / writer, we’re very happy to teach Wiki skills, and we’re open to exploring how this might work if you’ve got the requisite Wiki skills, and are interested in learning more about the Scots language. We estimate that this role would take around 1-2 hours per week, plus time spent in Zoom sessions (up to now, 2 x 2 hour sessions per writing drive).  Writing Drives take place around every 2 months and are currently attended by a small but regular group of editors.  You can see the progress we’ve made over the years on the [[wmfdashboard:campaigns/scots_wiki/programs|Dashboards here.]] You’d be working mainly with [[user:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]], (Programme Manager at Wikimedia UK), and so duties can be divided, but this role would/could involve: * Creating & updating on-wiki event pages [[Wikipedia:Julie-August 2025 Writin Drive|like this]] ** Deciding on themes ** Creating worklists (manually, or using [https://petscan.wmcloud.org/ PetScan] or Wikidata) ** Using the Event Registration tool to [[metawiki:Event:Scots_Wiki_Writin_Drive_Julie_29.07.25|create registration pages like this]] * Updating [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|the project page]] with events & outputs * Creating Event [[wmfdashboard:|Dashboards]] * Advertising the events ** On-wiki posts ** Off-wiki locations like Facebook, Discord, and the WMUK Scotwiki mailing list ** Researching & reaching out to other places in which to advertise * Hosting or co-hosting the regular zoom sessions which form part of the Writing Drives ** Wikimedia UK Zoom can be used! * Contributing to / leading on new ideas for events & campaigns '''What we can offer:''' As well as training in Wiki-skills should you not already have these, and support and regular contact with the Wikimedia UK team, we are also interested in offering a scholarship to a relevant conference to present about the work and to help support future work.   '''How to apply:''' Please contact [mailto:sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk] outlining your relevant skills and experience, and we’ll set up a chat. Cheers! :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:46, 9 September 2025 (UTC) == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' *Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sco}}. *If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': *Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == Campaign Events extension == {{en}} Hi folks. Posting here with my WMUK staff hat on, but I also do editing with my volunteer account [[user:lirazelf]]. I'm using my staff account for this as it would be mostly in my staff capacity that I'd be using this extension, so seemed best for transparency. I'd like to propose that the community consider enabling the Campaign Events extension for the wiki - details here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents. I'm currently using the deployment on meta for events for Scots wiki - (example [[m:Event:Scots Wiki Writin Drive Mey 29.05.25|here]], linking to pages like [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]]. The extension lets you create Event Registration pages on the wiki (so no need to use Eventbrite or other off-wiki tool), message participants through their email (good for sending zoom links, updates etc), which is really useful! There's also other features like the collaboration list, which I reckon could be positive for developing community here, but that could only happen if the extension is enabled on this wiki. As well as metawiki, I use the tool on en.wiki and wikidata, for community training events, and international collaboration events, and I'm a fan - I hope that others would be able to use it here too. First step to enabling the extension (it's available for all Wikipedias) is to gather consensus (as per this page: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status) - so starting that off :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:16, 9 September 2025 (UTC) * '''Ay''' - dinna see ony skaith in pittin iss ti eese [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:23, 16 September 2025 (UTC) *:{{en}} Update to this - there's a plan to make the right to use this automatic for autoconfirmed users for small & medium wikis which have the extension enabled.[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Proposal_to_grant_autoconfirmed_users_on_small_and_medium_wikis_the_organizer_access_to_the_event_registration_tool see here for more info.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:12, 22 September 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == {{en}} WMUK Wikimedian of the Year Awards 2025 == Hi folks! We are excited to announce that '''nominations are open for the 2025 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards.''' We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have contributed toward advancing open knowledge in 2024/25. The categories for this year are: * UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual) * Partnership of the Year (Organisation) * Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual) We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2024/25. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment.   Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the '''Community Celebration on Saturday 15th November 2025''' (Save the date, we'd love to see you there!). You can read about [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/12/2024-uk-wikimedian-year-awards/ last year's winners here.] You can submit two nominations per category. Use [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScVy7AmH0qRRZmQ-QHtYKKCBZY0O40JZN9MWl8Xu7-oqK1-fg/viewform this Google Form] to submit your nominations. Nominations close on '''22nd October.''' [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:30, 6 October 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 04:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == {{en}} Join Us for Wikimedia UK’s Online Community Celebration – 15 November 2025 == We’re delighted to invite you to '''Wikimedia UK’s Online Community Celebration''', taking place on '''Saturday 15 November, from 11am to 1pm'''. This online gathering will celebrate the achievements of our incredible community over the past year, recognise outstanding contributions through the '''UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards''', and showcase inspiring projects from across the UK through a series of '''lightning talks'''. Over the past month, we’ve reached out to community members for talk proposals, and we’re thrilled with the lineup we now have! So much remarkable work happens behind the scenes in our movement, and this event is a chance to shine a light on those efforts and celebrate them together. Following the lightning talks, we’ll present the '''annual UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards'''. You can find out more about the awards [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-call-for-nominations/ here]. Nominations are open until '''22 October.''' This celebration is '''open to everyone''', both Wikimedia UK members and anyone interested in learning more about Wikimedia’s work in the UK and getting involved. Tickets are free, the event will be held on Zoom, and you can reserve your tickets now through [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-wikimedia-uk-2025-community-celebration-tickets-1775880058059?aff=oddtdtcreator&_gl=1%2Ap0azzm%2A_up%2AMQ..%2A_ga%2ANDA4MzAyNzQ0LjE3NTk3NDk4NTQ.%2A_ga_TQVES5V6SH%2AczE3NTk3NDk4NTMkbzEkZzAkdDE3NTk3NDk4NTMkajYwJGwwJGgw#search Eventbrite.] We can’t wait to celebrate with you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:53, 20 October 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == (in Inglis) Wikidata event looking for Scots speakers to take part == Apologies for the English language post. On the '''6th December''' there is an online “Revitalising UK history (Series 2)” event which we would like to make sure Scots speakers are aware of. The event builds on the success of [[metawiki:Event:Revitalizing_UK_History|''Revitalizing UK History (Series 1)'']], which enriched Wikidata entries about underrepresented UK historical figures. For series 2, the aim is to improve multilingual accessibility by adding labels and descriptions to Wikidata items in a variety of languages and we would love for the different UK languages to be represented. There is an online training event on '''Saturday 6th December 3pm - 5pm.''' More information and registration can be found at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:57, 26 November 2025 (UTC) == (in Inglis) Update - Wikidata event looking for Scots speakers to take part == Apologies for the English language post. Before Christmas I posted about an online [[metawiki:Event:Revitalizing_UK_History 2|''Revitalizing UK History (Series 2)'']] event which we were hoping to get some Scots presence at. Unfortunately a tech issue meant we had to postpone and the event has now been scheduled for '''Saturday 17th January (3pm to 5pm online)''' instead. We'd LOVE to get some Wikidata items labelled in Scots as well as a range of other languages. For more information and registration head to https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2[[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:15, 7 Januar 2026 (UTC) == Scottish Book Trust vacancy: Vacancy: Scots Language Ootreach Co-ordinator == No aboot Wiki but.... Scottish Book Trust "are lookin for a gallus, eident Scots speaker for the role o Scots Language Ootreach Co-ordinator." [Mair info here https://www.scottishbooktrust.com/about/vacancies/scots-language-ootreach-co-ordinator]... [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 11:33, 14 Januar 2026 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 13:21, 18 Januar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Januar 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Bot flag == Hallo! A first noticed the Scots Wikipedia aboot a year ago, while A wis in Scotland. Recently, A've stertit editin on scowiki an gettin better acquaint wi hou the wiki works. While daein thae edits, A noticed a wheen recurring maintenance issues that could be handled mair easily wi simple automation. Tae help wi thae routine, low-risk tasks, A'm proponin BZPN bot. The full description o whit the bot daes (an disnae dae), alang wi its limits an configuration, is set oot at [[User:BZPN/Bot]]. For transparency, the bot's source code is publicly available [https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot/tree/master here]. I'm happy tae adapt the bot’s behaviour based on community feedback. Thanks for yer time. ''Pingin @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] here for visibility, as the maist active admin on sco.wiki recently.'' [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 21:58, 30 Januar 2026 (UTC) :Fit is the soorce fur the "lexical analysis"? Pairt o the issue wi the wiki wis fur ower a tenyeir fowks wis eesin bots ti dae leiteral owersettins aat hid nae regaird fur Scots grammar, an fae the editin o yers aat a'v seen ye'v shawn the same signs an the first twa dynamic tasks leuk awfa lik it'd be daein the same hing. As fur the walcomin an non-Scots wairnin, fit een taks priority? We'r nae aafa keen ti be walcomin vandals an fowks jist here ti "correct grammar" [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 09:55, 31 Januar 2026 (UTC) ::Aye, cheers for raisin thae concerns - they're quite fair. A'll switch tae English for clarity on the technical bits. About "lexical analysis": there is no AI, no machine learning, and no automatic translation involved '''at all'''. The "lexical analysis" is strictly dictionary-based: the bot compares tokens against a static wordlist (e.g. ''dictionary.txt''), which is part of the [https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot public source code] (which I will update soon because I am constantly improving it). Based on these wordlists, the bot assesses whether the article is en-only, en-heavy or Scots. Anyone is free to inspect it, suggest changes, or improve it. If the dictionary is wrong, the bot is wrong - nothing is hidden or heuristic. Regarding dynamic tasks, I'm very aware of problems with literal grammar/typo ("Scotsification") bots. That's exactly why my bot does '''not''' generate Scots, does '''not''' rewrite sentences, and it does '''not''' apply replacements unless they are explicitly and manually approved. All word and header replacements live in [[User:BZPN/Whitelist.json]] and ''only'' run if the entry is explicitly listed, the match conditions are exact and the community has agreed to add it. No whitelist entry = no change. Welcomes on the other hand are only triggered after a first constructive content edit. The bot detects whether a user's first edit is a vandalism (e.g. has vulgarisms, blanking, special characters, etc.), and based on this, either welcomes the user or ignores them (because the BZPN bot is not an anti-vandal bot, so it doesn't revert edits). If the first edit is in English, the bot assumes GF and inserts both a welcome and a warning. In short: the bot is deliberately conservative, transparent, and designed to avoid repeating the mistakes of earlier bots. If there are specific safeguards you’d want added, I’m happy to discuss and adjust them. Ta again for the questions. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 13:35, 31 Januar 2026 (UTC) :::An fit's the soorce o the initial whitelist? Is it the DSL, the OSD, the Luath Learner? Nae ivery dictionair oot there is o the same quality [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:35, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::::Aye, A think there's still a wee bit o confusion here, sae A'll spell it oot as plainly as a can. The dictionary an the whitelist are twa completely separate things. Dictionary ([https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot/blob/master/dictionary.txt dictionary.txt]) is a static, read-only wordlist that the bot uses '''only''' for classification. It disnae replace words, disnae rewrite text, disnae touch grammar. It simply checks if tokens in an article exists in the Scots wordlist, tae judge whether the text is en-only, en-heavy, or Scots. That's it. Example: <code>fowk = people</code>. ::::The dictionary wis originally built by me manually, by readin an checkin existin articles on scowiki, an collectin words actually used thair. It's no tied tae ony single published dictionary. It is fully configurable, an can be adapted tae ony variety or orthography o Scots that the community decides it want tae reflect. If a word isnae in the dictionary, the bot just treats it as non-Scots. Nae substitution ''ever'' happens here. Whitelist on the other hand is a separate, optional mechanism for explicitly approved replacements only. If an entry isnae on the whitelist, the bot will '''never''' mak a change. The dictionary is not consulted at aw for whitelist actions. The goal o the whitelist is simple: standardisation, '''not translation'''. It exists tae ensure consistent, agreed-upon terminology for technical an structural elements o the wiki - no for content text. For example, the whitelist micht include fixed headers like ''"<nowiki>==See also==</nowiki>" → "<nowiki>==See forbye==</nowiki>"''. This isnae aboot stylistic preference or inventin Scots; it's aboot avoidin a mix o English an Scots in standard interface-like headers. Thae replacements are predictable, limited in scope, an identical every time. Nae whitelist entry = nae change. Nae community agreement = nae entry. The whitelist disnae interact wi the dictionary at aw, an it disnae apply tae article prose. It's a controlled tool for consistency, nae mair. Sae tae be absolutely clear: '''the bot never automatically converts English tae Scots'''. As for sources: baith the dictionary an the whitelist are open, public, an editable via the GitHub repository. Onybody is welcome tae review, challenge, improve, or propose changes. If the dictionary is wrang, the bot’s wrang - an that's precisely why it is transparent. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 08:20, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC) :::::Okay, sae it's biggit manually, aat wis aa a wis wintin ti ken. Wid the bot be able ti check/compare page history as weel gif it fins a airticle aat's maistlins Inglis? Gif it canna aat's fair eneuch, kin aye dae it manually insteid. A leukit inti haein a bot ti coonterack the constant Inglifyin o airticles fur a while sae a'm nae oppont ti iss [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:53, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::::::Aye, that's the kind o thing a meant. The bot could be extended tae generate reports only - listin airticles that are maistly English based on the existin dictionary check, limited tae e.g. ae report per day wi aboot 50 pages, an excluding ony that already hae <code><nowiki>{{Fix Scots}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{No Scots}}</nowiki></code>; gif that soonds useful, gie me till the end o the week an A'll prototype it sae ye can see exactly hou it behaves, an gif no, that's fair eneuch an it can be left at that. Thank ye. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 10:13, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC) :@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]: the bot is ready fur initial testin. A've implemented the report feature tae [[Uiser:BZPN/Language report|list airticles]] that are maistly English. It's worth mentionin that the bot can make mistakes, but only errors would be due tae missing words in the dictionary or airticles wi irregular header names/wikitext issues. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 13:42, 7 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::A'v seen the testin an the latest roond o reports wis mair accurate nor it wis at furst an fand a heap ae historical vandalism as weel, sae a'm happy fur it ti keep makkin the reports. Nae seein ony issue wi lettin the bot dae a trial rin fur the ither tasks as weel [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:32, 8 Februar 2026 (UTC) @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]: thanks for the feedback an for monitorin the reports. The bot has nou completed a [[Uiser:ScotsBot/Trial results|4-day supervised test period]]. A'm pleased tae say the behaviour wis stable an predictable. There were nae significant mistakes during the test period. Based on observations from recent chynges (i.e. vandalism), A've slightly refined the detection filters tae reduce false positives. The recent reports hae already been used by the bot for maintenance taggin. As clarified earlier, ony classification errors can only stem frae missing entries in the static dictionary or irregular wikitext/header structures. Unless there are objections, A intend tae request a permanent bot flag on Meta based on this test period. Of course, A remain happy tae adjust thresholds or safeguards if the community feels it necessary. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 11:14, 12 Februar 2026 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} A thocht ye seyed it widna be daein owersettins, sae foo come a'm seein bot-lik owersettins in recent changes? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:51, 13 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::Aye, thae edits are '''nae''' connected tae the bot at aw. They come fae ma personal on-wiki gadget: [[Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck]], which A put thegither yestreen for ma workflow. It isnae a bot task, an it disnae rin automatically. It disnae translate onything. It simply gies me a popup interface tae apply manual whitelist entries, instead o typin or copyin them by haund in the code. Ye're welcome tae read the '''[[Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck|description]]''' an test it yersel if ye like :). Also, the bot itsel has been inactive for twa days nou, waitin for the flag. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 23:59, 13 Februar 2026 (UTC) :::Except the whitelist isna appruived yet an seems gey seemlir ti fit fowks wis daein last tenyeir. Fir exemple it seys aat "ay" means "always", except iss is wrang, an seys aat the Scots fur based is "basit", excep basit means summat else entirely, amang ither hings. An kin ye explain the block on enwiki? A shid hae chackit aat afore giein appruival [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:08, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) '''Nae duin''' - BZPN his decidit ti lea the wiki [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uiser_collogue:CiphriusKane&diff=prev&oldid=913598 ] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:01, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) == {{en}} Wiki Loves Folklore running until 31st March == {{en}} Apologies for the English message. If there are keen photographers here, I just wanted to let you know about [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Scotland Wiki Loves Folklore]. Wiki Loves Folklore is a photographic competition that celebrates our intangible cultural heritage. So if you have photos of a festival, a dance, a traditional food or anything else relating to Scotland's cultural heritage, you can upload them through the link above. All 4 nations of the UK are taking part so if you have pics from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Wales Wales], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_England England] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Ireland Northern Ireland] (organised by Wikimedia Community Ireland), we'd love those too! You can upload them through the relevant nation pages (follow the links from the name above) [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:07, 25 Februar 2026 (UTC) == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:11, 3 Apryle 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 00:58, 26 Apryle 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Wiki Loves Earth! == {{en}} Hi folks - Just a wee note to let you know that '''Wiki Loves Earth''' is currently ongoing, running from 1 May - 30 June this year. It's an international photo competition that looks to capture images of protected natural areas across the world, including their flora and fauna. You can find out more about the competition, and how to take part, [[:Commons:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2026 in Scotland|over on Commmons.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:49, 19 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Writin Drive August 2026 == {{en}} Join us for the August 2026 Writin Drive - we're celebrating 6 years of these events, and it will be the last one we do for a while. We're holding 2 x zoom sessions - one on Monday 17 August and another on Thursday 20 August, or you can edit any time during the week! Mair info [[Wikipedia:August 2026 Writin Drive|and sign up details here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:41, 20 Mey 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mey 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Collogue]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 44uoj9dspdm9baf823s1k70z6uvbai7 3 232728 922970 922455 2026-09-21T12:44:42Z CiphriusKane 74958 /* Yves Pignot */ new section 922970 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Mr.Murdoch78, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Mr.Murdoch78|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> ==Doctor actor list== Hey, wid ye be okay wi pittin [[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor|iss airticle]] inti the [[Doctor Who]] airticle insteid? Gien the state o aat airticle, haein a separate airticle jist fur the actors seems disproportionate [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:34, 10 August 2025 (UTC) :Hullo @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] an thank ye fur the walcome text. It's true that haein a separate airticle jist fur the actors seems disproportionate, but Ah dinnae kent hou tae put all the names o the actors wha pleyed the doctor in the infobox. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:52, 12 August 2025 (UTC) ::We kin aye anchor it bi pittin <nowiki>[[#The Doctor]]</nowiki> or <nowiki>[[Doctor Who#The Doctor]]</nowiki> in the infobox insteid (an ditch the companion airtin). Is ye needin me ti mell the airticles or dae ye wint ti dae it yersel? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:00, 12 August 2025 (UTC) == Template:Walt Disney Animation Studios == Could you add more pages that are linked from Template:Walt Disney Animation Studios? The one I want the most is Bambi. Much obliged. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20655-26|&#126;2026-20655-26]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2026-20655-26|talk]]) 00:58, 4 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :Hullo, A wil creaut the Bambi airticle fur ye whan A hae time, an meybe some ither airticles relatit tae Walt Disney Studio. Thank ye fur yer suggeestion tae impruive the Scots Wikipaedia, hae a guid day. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:02, 5 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :When's the Bambi airticle gonna be created? [[Uiser:LivMaddieFan2026|LivMaddieFan2026]] ([[Uiser collogue:LivMaddieFan2026|tauk]]) 20:03, 28 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::Hullo, a'll dae it whan a hae time. A'm aye wirkin on mony airticles, an whan a'v finished thaim, a'll creaut yer Bambi airticle. If a kin, a will dae it on Monanday or Tysday o the comin week. Hae a guid day. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:12, 8 Mey 2026 (UTC) :::Jist a heids ap, the eeser aat postit iss message is a LTA aat's been globally lockit fur abuiss [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:23, 8 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Walcomin fowks == Hey, fan yer giein fowks the walcom template kin ye pit "subst:" afore it? It shid leuk lik <nowiki>{{subst:walcome}}</nowiki>. Same applies fur aa collogue templates siclik wairnins. Iss pits the tex o the template on the page, meanin aat it'll nae be affeckit bi later changes ti the template [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:09, 7 Mey 2026 (UTC) :Hey @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]], thank ye fur lettin me ken, it's fixed nou! Coud ye gie me the ither templates tae pit in uiser collogues? In pairticulair, the ane tae wairn a uiser nae tae replace Scots tex wi Inglis; that wad be helpfu. Thank ye ! :) [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:58, 7 Mey 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{subst:uw-english1}} ::{{subst:uw-vandalism1}} ::{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ::</nowiki> ::Gin ye dae a rake fur "Template:uw" there'll be sum ithers [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:22, 8 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Wairnin fowks == Hey Fan ye wairn fowk, ainly dae een at a time please. It's nae a strike system an pilin on multiple wairnins afore they kin tak tent o the first defeats the purpose o the wairnin, ti gie the eeser a chance ti change their behaviour. Gie them time ti actual read the wairnin in futur please. Gin need be, ye kin aye skip lawer wairnins (there's e'en <nowiki>{{Warn3}}</nowiki> fur obvious vandals), sae jist a uw-disruptive2 wid hae sufficed fur the Messi eeser. Gif ye'v ony forder speirins feel free ti sey an aa aat jazz. FFIW, a'd near blockit them as nae bein here ti contreibut bit a doot they'll be back. Seems lik they wis jist wintin ti write a blog post an they'v effeckivly deen aat sae nae need ti prevent forder edits [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:28, 30 Mey 2026 (UTC) :Thanks fur lettin me ken, nixt time a'll gie thaim sum time tae leuk intae it. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:12, 30 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Twathree things == Hey A'd appreciate it gin ye'd nae wairn fowks fan a revert them an dinna wairn them masel. A kin wairn fowks fine an aften a wale nae ti dae sae acause a'm howpin they'd see the revert/edit summar an figur oot fit they did wrang, or it's a ae-aff instance aat's nae wirth fashin ower an makkin ae unnecessary page fur. Plus the leid in the wairnins gies aff the impression aat yer the een daein the reverts Second, kin ye try an combine the nummer ae minor edits aat ye dae? There's really nae need fur stuff lik [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harald_V_o_Norawa&diff=922151&oldid=922144 iss] ti tak seivin edits, espeicial in a five meenit timespan. There's a "scance ower" button fur a raeson, an e'en a preview button aat shaws the changes on the same page. A'd appreciate gif ye'd eese it An a'd howp aat a'd nae hae ti sey iss, bit tak tent ti provide references fur the airticles aat ye create, espeicial gin it contains controversial material. Accusin sumbidy ae distributin CP athoot ony references wid be grunds fur a block gin it persistit [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 12:01, 30 August 2026 (UTC) :Hey @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]], :A thocht a wis daein the richt thing bi postin wairnins semply tae inform uisers; frae nou on, a will uise edit summaries tae pynt oot issues an will anly post a wairnin on a uiser's collogue page if the problem persists. :In the futur, a will group ma edits as ye requestit; a unnerstaund the pynt ye are makin. :Regairdin the references, a gree—a shoud hae includit thaim. A owersettit the tex directly frae the Inglis Wikipaedia airticle an saw yer edit, but a didna re-eik the tex acause it lackit references, even tho soorces existit in the Inglis version. Frae nou on, a will include references richt awey afore muivin on tae create anither airticle. :Lik ye, a semply want tae mak a positive contreibution tae the Scots Wikipaedia; a unnerstaund whit ye’v seyed, an a will avoid makin thir mistaks in the futur. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:21, 3 September 2026 (UTC) ::Yer free ti wairn fowks aat ye revert as seen as ye like, jis let me wairn them masel gin a revert them is aa. Ye hae yer style an a hae mine, an a'd nae force mine on yers an jis dinna wint ye forcin yers on mine. ::An a anely realised later aat it wis ae owersettin. Yer free ti re-eik the text a teuk oot as lang as ye soorce it, e'en gin ye jis copypaste the soorce fae enwiki (tho a'd ask aat ye dooble chack the soorce gin ye dae aat an update the reference access date, acause sumtimes their soorcin kin fail verification or suitability). Aiblins eese yer uiserspace sae ye kin wirk on yer owersettins til yer hairt's content. ::An jis ti mak it clear, gin ye dae ae edit then see summat else needin sortit later or ye dae multiple muckel edits, aat's fine; a'v deen aat masel an a'v seen Atlantic tak oot seevral bad refs ower multiple edits acause they'r likely gangin doon the list. It's jis multiple smaa edits in a short timeframe aat it's spammy/problematic [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:13, 4 September 2026 (UTC) :::A'm sairy, a didna mean tae push ma awn wirkin weys on ye. A ken it wisna richt ava, an a'm awfu sairy fur aw the edits afore iss that caused ony fash. Please ken a deeply respeck yer contreibutions an yer haurd wirk fur iss Wikipaedia. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:07, 5 September 2026 (UTC) == Yves Pignot == Hello A'v flit ae airticle ye makkit, Yves Pignot, ti yer eeserspace ([[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]]) as it is haley unsuitable as it staunds. It's the sort o airticle aat cid hae been X1 deletit gin it'd been makkit afore the wikistooshie, an the ainly raeson a didna pit it ti VfD wis acause there is likely room ti impreeve the airticle. A'd sey try the French airticle ([[:fr:Yves Pignot]]) tho aat airticle is lackin soorces [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 12:44, 21 September 2026 (UTC) m3a4syw1pk7n43193pbukvqcuq6rptv 0 233624 922985 922681 2026-09-21T23:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Bluelink 3 books for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 922985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Historical pairt of Mid Europe}} {{Infobox settlement | native_name = {{native name|pl|Śląsk}}<br />{{native name|szl|Ślōnsk}}<br />{{native name|cs|Slezsko}}<br />{{native name|de|Schlesien}}<br />{{native name|sli|Schläsing}} | settlement_type = [[Historical Region]] | image_shield = [[File:Generic Silesia CoA.svg|150px]] | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Ślůnsk 1335-1675.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1335-1675|[[File:Ślůnsk apx 1815 -1945.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1815-1939|default=1}} | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Ducheries & Province of Silesia on kairt of Mid Europe | coordinates = {{coord|51.6|N|17.2|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{plainlist| *[[Poland]] *[[Czech Republic]] *[[Germany]]}} | seat_type = Mucklest ceity | seat = [[Wrocław]] | area_total_km2 = 40400 | population_total = c. 8000000 | population_density_km2 = 200 | population_demonym = [[Silesians|Silesian]] | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 }} '''Silesia''' (tak a scance till the names [[#Etymology|below]]) is a historical pairt of Mid Europe that nou liggs maistly intil [[Poland]], wi smaw pairts in the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Germany]]. Its area is about {{Convert|40000|km2|-2}}, and the population is upcuissen tae be 8,000,000. Silesia is riven intae twa main subregions: Nether Silesia tae the wast and Iver Silesia tae the east. Situat alang the [[Oder]] River, wi the [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] raxin atour the southren mairch, Silesia is a heavily industrialised region rife of mineral and naitural resources. The mucklest toun and Nether Silesia's capital is [[Wrocław]]; the historic capital of Iver Silesia is [[Opole]]. The mucklest metropolitan area is the {{interleid airtin|Katowice metropolitan area|en|Katowice_metropolitan_area}}, the hert of whilk is {{interleid airtin|Katowice|en}}. Pairts of the Czech toun of {{interleid airtin|Ostrava|en|Ostrava}} and the German ceity of Görlitz are situat within Silesia's historical mairches. Silesia’s culture reflecks its wimpled history and diverse influences, comprisin Polish, Czech, and German elements. The region is weel kent for its unique {{interleid airtin|Silesian langage|en|Silesian_language}} (spoken yet bi a smaw feck of fowk in Iver Silesia), brawly decored hamelt {{interleid airtin|graith|en|Polish_traditional_clothing}}, hairty regional {{interleid airtin|cuisine|en|Silesian_cuisine}}, and a mixter-maxter of architectur frae the {{interleid airtin|Gothic|en|Gothic_architecture}}, {{interlanguage link|Baroque|en|Baroque architecture}}, and {{Interleid airtin|industrial|en|Industrial Architecture}} eras seen in its ceities and touns. The region conteens mony historical meiths and [[Warld Heritage Steid|UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids]]. Silesia's mairches and naitional affiliation haes chyngit ower time, baith whan it wis a heirship aucht of [[Feudalism|noble housses]] and efter the rise of modren [[Naition state|nation-states]], resultin in a rowth of castles and stranghauds, particularly in the ''Jelenia Góra'' vailley. First hauden bi {{interleid airtin|Great Moravia|en}} at the hint-end of the 9t century and {{interleid airtin|Bohemia|en}} in the airly 10t century, Silesia wis incorporat intae the airly Polish state, and efter its {{interleid airtin|division|en|Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth}} in the 12t century it formit the Duchery of Silesia. As a result of farrer pairtin, it wis dividit intae individual ducheries, ruled bi diverse lines of the Polish {{interleid airtin|Piast dynasty|en|Silesian_Piasts}}. In the 14t century, it becam ane of the territories belanging the {{interleid airtin|Bohemian Croun Launds|en|Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown}} unner the [[Halie Romane Rik|Halie Empire of Rome]], whilk fell tae the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526; housomever, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of Polish dukes (Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]], Sobieski) for formal Bohemian [[Feudalism|feus]]. As a result of the Silesian Weirs, the region wis taen bi {{interleid airtin|Prussia|en|Kingdom_of_Prussia}} frae [[Austrick|Austria]] in 1742 and efterhin became a pairt of the [[German Empire|Empire of Germany]] in 1871. Efter [[Warld War I|Warld Weir I]], whan the Poles and the Czechs haed wun back their independence, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia became pairt of Poland follaein the decision of the Entente Pouers efter upsets bi Poles and the Iver Silesian plebiscite, while the lave of the umwhile Austrian pairts of Silesia wir daled atween [[Czechoslovakie|Czechoslovakia]] and Poland. Durin [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]], as a result of German occupation the haill region wis unner the owerance of [[Nazi Germany]]. In 1945, efter Warld Weir II, the maist of the German-held Silesia wis transferrit tae the jurisdiction of Poland bi the Potsdam Greement atween the victorious Allies and became pairt of Poland. The smaw Lusatian skelp bewast the Oder–Neisse line, the whilk haed belanged Silesia syne 1815, became pairt of [[East Germany]]. As a result of the {{interleid airtin|forced population shifts|en|Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)}} of 1945–48, the day's indwallers of Silesia speaks the naitional leids of their respective kintras. Umwhile German-speakin Nether Silesia haes developed a new mell'd Polish dialeck and new-farrant graith. There is ongaun debate anent whither the Silesian leid, common in Iver Silesia, shid be considered a dialeck of [[Pols leid|Polish]] or a sindry langage. The Nether Silesian German dialeck is aweers of deein out ower the heids of its speakers' gettin herried out. ==Etymology== The names of Silesia in different leids maist likely shares their etymology—[[Pols leid|Polish]]: ''Śląsk'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔ̃sk||Pl-Śląsk.ogg}}; [[German leid|German]]: ''Schlesien'' {{IPA|de|ˈʃleːzi̯ən||De-Schlesien.ogg}}; [[Czech leid|Czech]]: ''Slezsko'' {{IPA|cs|ˈslɛsko|}}; Nether Silesian: ''Schläsing''; Silesian: ''Ślōnsk'' {{IPA|szl|ɕlonsk|}}; Nether Sorbian: ''Šlazyńska'' {{IPA|dsb|ˈʃlazɨnʲska|}}; Iver Sorbian: ''Šleska'' {{IPA|hsb|ˈʃlɛska|}}; [[Slovak leid|Slovak]]: ''Sliezsko''; [[Laitin]], [[Spainish leid|Spainish]], [[Inglis leid|English]] and [[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Silesia''; [[French leid|French]]: ''Silésie''; [[Dutch leid|Dutch]]: ''Silezië''; [[Italian leid|Italian]]: ''Slesia''. The names aa effeir tae the name of a river (nou kent as ''Ślęza'') and ben (''Ben Ślęża'') in mid-southren Silesia, whilk sair'd for a place of worship tae pagans afore {{interleid airtin|Christianization|en}}. ''Ślęża'' is listit as ane of the num'rous {{interleid airtin|Pre-Indo-European|en|Pre-Indo-European_languages}} topographic names in the region (tak a scance till {{interlanguage link|auld European hydronymy|en|Old European hydronymy}}).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zbigniew|first=Babik|date=2001|title=Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny|journal=Uniwersitas, Kraków}}</ref> Frae the wittins of a puckle scholars, the name ''Ślęża'' {{IPA|pl|ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa|}} or ''Ślęż'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛ̃ʂ|}} is sib tae the Auld Polish wirds ''ślęg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛŋk|}} or ''śląg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔŋk|}}, meanin dunkieness, moister, or humidity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fischer|first=Rudolf|date=2007|title=Onomastica slavogermanica|journal=Uniwersytet Wrocławski|volume=|pages=}}</ref> They differ wi the hypothesis that the name ''Śląsk'' haes its ruits in the name of the Silings tribe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jankuhn|first=Herbert|last2=Beck|first2=Heinrich|date=2006|others=et. al.|title=Wandalen|journal=Germanische Altertumskunde Online|language=the German|edition=2t|volume=33|quote="Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen [...] – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben [...]"}}</ref> In the common Polish tung, "''Śląsk''" refers tae traditionally Polish Iver Silesia and the day's {{interleid_airtin|Silesian Voivodeship|en|Silesian_Voivodeship}}, but less tae Nether Silesia, the whilk is unalike frae Iver Silesia in mony pairts sin its population wis feckly speakin the German frae aroun mid-19t century on ontill 1945–48.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Andreas Lawaty, Hubert Orłowski|title=Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte, Kultur, Politik|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2003|page=183|language=the German}}</ref> ==History== [[File:Polska_960_-_992.svg|left|thumb|200x200px|Kairt of Poland wi Silesia (''Śląsk'') in the year 992 durin the maistry of Mieszko I]] In the fowert century BC frae the south, throu the ''Kłodzko Vailley'', the Celts made ingangins intil Silesia, and made hame around ''Ben Ślęża'' near modren [[Wrocław]], ''Oława'' and ''Strzelin''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:)|title=Historia Śląska|last2=M. Czapliński (red.)|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=34–35}}</ref> Germanic Lugii tribes wir first recordit within Silesia in the 1t century BC. The [[Wast Slavs]] and Lechites wan till the pairt roun about the 7t century,<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=37-38}}</ref> and bi the airly 9t century, their colonies haed become siccered. The local Wast Slavs stertit biggin boundary structures like the ''Silesian Przesieka'' and the ''Silesia Waws''. The easten mairch of Silesian sattlement wis situat bewast the ''Bytom'', and be-east ''[[Racibórz]]'' and ''Cieszyn''. East of this line wonned a sib Lechitic tribe kent as the Vistulans. Their northern mairch wis in the vailley of the ''Barycz River'', north of whilk bedd the Wastren Polans tribe that gied Poland its name.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> The first kent states in Silesia wis Greater Moravia and Bohemia. In the 10t century, the Polish ruler Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty incorporat Silesia intae the newly foundit Polish state. In 1000, the {{interleid airtin|Diocie of Wrocław|en|Archdiocese_of_Wrocław}} wis estaiblish't as the auldest [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] diocie in the region, and ane of the auldest diocies in Poland, thirled tae the Roman Catholic Airchdiocie of Gniezno. Poland repelled German invasions of Silesia in 1017 at Niemcza and in 1109 at Głogów. Durin the {{interlanguage link|Division of Poland|en|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|}}, Silesia and the lave of the kintra wis dividit intae mony smawer ducheries ruled bi sindry Silesian dukes. In 1178, pairts of the Duchery of Kraków aroun Bytom, Oświęcim, [[Chrzanów]], and Siewierz wis transferrit tae the Silesian Piasts, awtho their population wis feckly Vistulan and nae of Silesian stock.<ref name=":3" /> [[File:Silesia_1172-1177.jpg|thumb|226x226px|Silesia in the fore-end of the division of Poland, 1172–1177, Nether Silesia wi Lubusz Laund in orange, Iver Silesia in green and yallow.]] {{interleid airtin|The Walloons|en|Walloons}} cam tae Silesia as ane of the foremaist fremmit immigrant groups in [[Poland]], maist likely makin hame in [[Wrocław]] frae the 12t century on, wi ither Walloon immigrants invitit bi Duke Henry the Bairdit in the airly 13t century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zientara|first=Benedykt|title=Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku|publisher=Przegląd Historyczny|year=1975|volume=66/3|pages=353, 357|language=the Polish}}</ref> Syne the 13t century, German cultural and ethnic influence wuir up as a result of immigration frae the states of the [[Halie Romane Rik|Halie Empire of Rome]] whaur the German leid wis spoken. The first giein of municipal richts in Poland haed taen place in the toun of [[Złotoryja]] bi Henry the Bairdit. Medieval municipal richts modeled efter Lwówek Śląski and Środa Śląska, baith foundit bi Henry the Bairdit, haed become the found of the municipal form of government for a curnie ceities and touns in Poland, and twa of five local Polish forms of medieval toun richts. The Beuk of Henryków, the whilk conteens the airliest kent sentence written in the Polish leid, as weel as a document conteenin the auldest prented text in the Polish leid, wir creatit in Henryków and Wrocław in Silesia, respectively. In 1241, the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] cairried out their first invasion of Poland, resultin in widespreid pilget and mass flicht. They reived the feck of the region and whummle't the jyned Polish, Moravian and German forces heidit bi Duke Henry II the Guidly at the Stour of Legnica, the whilk teuk place at Legnickie Pole near the ceity of [[Legnica]]. Straicht efter the daith of Orda Khan, the Mongols decidit nae to bensel farrer intae Europe, but gaed back east tae tak pairt in the electioun of a new Grand Khan (heid yin). Atween 1289 and 1292, the Bohemian king Wenceslaus II became ''suzerain'' of a puckle of the Iver Silesian ducheries. The Polish monarchs haedna gien ower their heirship richts tae Silesia ontil 1335.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=81}}</ref> The province became pairt of the Bohemian Croun whilk wis pairt of the Halie Empire of Rome; houaniver, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of Polish dukes frae the housses of Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] and Sobieski for formal Bohemian feus (a puckle ontil the 17t–18t centuries). Atween 1469 and 1490, Silesia was unner the maistry of Matthias Corvinus, wha claimed the Bohemian throne. In 1526 Silesia fell wi the Bohemian Croun tae the Habsburg monarchy. In the 15t century, a wheen chynges wir made tae the mairches of Silesia. Pairts of the territories that haed gotten transferrit tae the Silesian Piasts in 1178 wir coff't bi the Polish kings in the saicont hauf of the 15t century (the Duchery of Oświęcim in 1457; the Duchery of Zator in 1494). The Bytom pairt bedd in the aucht of the Silesian Piasts, tho it wis a pairt of the Diocie of Kraków.<ref name=":3" /> The Duchery of Krosno Odrzańskie ({{Lang|de|Crossen}}) wis heired bi the Marquesy of Brandenburg in 1476 and wi the renunciation of King [[Ferdinand I, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and the estates of Bohemia in 1538, it became pairt and pertinent of Brandenburg. Atween 1645 and 1666, the Duchery of Opole and Racibórz wis hauden in wad bi the Polish Hous of Vasa in tocher of the Polish queen Cecylia Renata. [[File:Crown_of_Bohemia_1648.png|thumb|Launds of the Bohemian Croun atween 1635 and 1742, afore the maist of Silesia was gien ower tae [[Kinrick o Proushie|Prussia]]]] [[File:Silesia-map.svg|left|thumb|Kairt of Austrian and Prussian Silesia wi modren naitional mairches: {{Legend|#00ffff|[[Austrian Silesia]], 1740}}{{Legend|#ffffff|[[Prussian Silesia]], 1871}}{{Legend|#0000ff|[[Oder]]}}]] In 1742, the maist of Silesia wis taen wi King [[Frederick the Great|Frederick II of Prussia]] in the Weir of the Austrian Succession, at the hinner end becomin the Prussian Province of Silesia in 1815; ower the heids of this, Silesia became pairt of the [[German Empire|Empire of Germany]] whan it wis proclaimt in 1871. The Silesian capital Breslau became than ane of the muckle ceities in Germany. Breslau wis a centre of Jewish life in Germany and a wechty place of science (college) and industry (the makin of steam-ingines). German mass tourism stertit in the Silesian hielaunds (Hirschberg, Schneekoppe). [[File:Wrocław_Rynek_18_sm.jpg|left|thumb|279x279px|Teipical Silesian baroque architectur in [[Wrocław]]]] Efter Warld Weir I, a pairt of Silesia, Iver Silesia, wis quarreled bi Germany and the newly independent Saicont Polish Republic. The League of Nations pat thegither a plebiscite tae sattle the maitter in 1921. It wad result in 60% of votes gettin cuissen for Germany and 40% for Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Provinz Oberschlesien Volksabstimmungen 1920 und 1922|url=https://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Preussen/Oberschlesien/Volksentscheide.html|url-status=live|language=the German}}</ref> Follaein the third Silesian uprisin (1921), houaniver, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia (as weel as Katowice), wi a feckly ethnic Polish population, wis gien tae Poland, becomin the Silesian Voivodeship. The Prussian Province of Silesia intil Germany wis than dividit intae the provinces of Nether Silesia and Iver Silesia. Meantime, Austrian Silesia, the smaw pairt of Silesia keppit bi Austria efter the Silesian Weirs, wis maistly gien tae the new Czechoslovakia (at the hinner-end kent as Czech Silesia and Trans-Olza), awtho maist of Cieszyn and laund tae the east of it gaed tae Poland. Polish Silesia wis amang the foremaist regions tae be invadit durin Germany's 1939 sailyie on Poland, the whilk stertit [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]]. Ane of the claimed ettles of Nazi German occupation, mairbetoken in Iver Silesia, wis the extermination of thaim wham the Nazis considered "subhuman", viz the Jews and ethnic Poles. The Polish and Jewish fowk of the than Polish pairt of Silesia wis underlien genocide involvin herryin outs, mass murther and deportation till {{interleid airtin|Nazi concentration camps|en|Nazi_concentration_camps}} and {{interleid airtin|forced lawbour|en|Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II}} camps, while the Germans war sattled in pursuit of {{interlanguage link|Lebensraum|en|Lebensraum}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Piotr Eberhardt|title=Political Migrations in Poland 1939-1948|year=2006|location=Warsaw|pages=25}}</ref> Twa thousand Polish intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen wir murthered durin the {{interlanguage link|Intelligenzaktion Schlesien|en|Intelligenzakten}} <ref>{{Cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|publisher=Institute of National Remembrance{{!}}IPN|year=2009|location=Warszawa|language=the Polish}}</ref> in 1940 as pairt of a {{interlanguage link|Germanization program aa ower the kintra|en|Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945)}}. Silesia alsae houssed ane of the twa main weirtime centres whaur the Nazis wir conduckin medical pratticks on kidnappit Polish bairns.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Uzarczyk|first=Kamila|title=Podstawy ideologiczne higieny ras i ich realizacja na przykładzie Śląska w latach 1924-1944|date=2002|publisher=Wydawn, Adam Marszałek|isbn=978-83-7322-287-8|location=Toruń}}</ref> Czech Silesia wis occupied bi Germany as pairt of Sudetenland. In Silesia, [[Nazi Germany]] operat the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, a wheen prisoner-of-weir camps for Allied POWs (amang thaim, the major Stalag VIII-A, Stalag VIII-B, Stalag VIII-C camps), num'rous Nazi wards and thousands of forced lawbour camps, whilk teuk in a netwark of forced lawbour camps allenerly for Poles (''Polenlager''), subcamps of wards, POW camps and the Gross-Rosen and [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] concentration camps. The [[Potsdam Conference|Potsdam Collogue]] of 1945 defined the Oder-Neisse line as the mairch atween Germany and Poland, ontil a hindmaist peace collogue wi Germany cuid be hauden (the whilk niver teuk place).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q40tDwAAQBAJ|title=The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781847790323|page=50}}</ref> In the hinner end of WWII, the Germans in Silesia teuk leg bail frae the battle grund, assumin they wad be able tae come back whan the weir wis bye. Housomever, they cuidna come back, and thaim that haed steyed wir herried out and a new Polish population, amang thaim wis fowk that wir herried out frae umwhile Easten Poland taen bi the Soviet Union and frae Mid Poland, jyned the lave of the native Polish indwallers frae the region. Efter 1945 and in 1946, nearhaund aa of the 4.5 million Silesians wi German ruits flichtit, or wir steekit in camps and herried out; amang thaim wis a wheen thousan German Jews that haed pitten ower the Holocaust and come back tae Silesia. The newly foundit Polish Unitit Wirkers' ''Pairty'' creatit a ''Ministry of the Recovered Territories'' that claimed the hauf of the available plou-grund for state-run collectivised fairms. Mony of the new Polish Silesians, wha haed an ill-will at the Germans for their invasion in 1939 and fellness in occupation, nou haed an ill-will at the newly foundit Polish communist government for their population shiftin and mellin wi fairmin and industrial affairs.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lukowski, Zawadski|first=Jerzy, Hubert|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278|title=A Concise History of Poland|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-61857-1|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=[https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278 278–280]|url-access=registration}}</ref> The admeinistrative division of Silesia intil Poland haes chyngit a wheen times syne 1945. Syne 1999, it haes been dividit atween Lubusz Voivodeship, Nether Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship, and Silesian Voivodeship. Czech Silesia is nou pairt of the Czech Republic, formin pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Region and the northern pairt of the Olomouc Region. Germany keeps the Silesia-Lusatia region ({{Lang|de|Niederschlesien-Oberlausitz}} or {{Lang|de|Schlesische Oberlausitz}}) bewast the Neisse, whilk is pairt of the federal state of [[Saxony]]. ===Ethnic history=== [[File:Silesia_Language_Map_1905.png|thumb|Mither Tungs of Silesia, frae the wittins of the 1905 Census]] Modren Silesia is indwalled bi [[Poles]], Silesians, [[Germans]], and Czechs. Germans first came till Silesia durin the Late Medieval Ostsiedlung.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weinhold|first=Karl|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CqpCAAAAIAAJ|title=Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien|publisher=J. Engelhorn|year=1887|location=Stuttgart|language=the German}}</ref> The lest Polish census in 2011 shawed that the Silesians are the mucklest ethnic or naitional minority in Poland, and Germans the saicont; baith groups bide maistly in Iver Silesia. The Czech pairt of Silesia is indwalled bi Czechs, Moravians, Silesians, and Poles. In the airly 19t century the population of the Prussian pairt of Silesia wis atween 2/3 and 3/4 German-speakin, atween 1/5 and 1/3 Polish-speakin, wi the Sorbs, Czechs, Moravians and Jews makin up the ither smawer minorities (tak a scance till Table 1. ablow). Afore the Saicont Warld Weir, Silesia wis indwalled maistly bi Germans, wi Poles a muckle minority, formin a plurality in Iver Silesia.<ref name="Gumpert">{{Cite book|last=Jobst Gumpert|title=Polen, Deutschland|publisher=Callwey|year=1966|pages=138|language=the German}}</ref> Silesia wis alsae the hame of a smaw feck of Czech and Jewish fowk. The German population wis aften based in the ceities and in the laundward pairts tae the north and wast, whilst the Polish population wis maistly laundward and cuid be fund tae the east and tae the south.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hunt Tooley|first=T|date=1997|title=National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922|url=https://archive.org/details/nationalidentity0000tool|journal=University of Nebraska Press|language=the English|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nationalidentity0000tool/page/17 17]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Table 1. Ethno-leid structure of Prussian Silesia in years 1787–1823 !Ethnic group !frae. G. Hassel in 1819<ref name="Georg Hassel">{{Cite book|last=Hassel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31DMAJgQV28C&pg=PA34|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=33–34|language=the German|quote=|first=Georg}}</ref> !% !frae. S. Plater in 1823{{Sfn|Plater|1825}} !% !frae. T. Ładogórski in 1787<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ładogórski|first=Tadeusz|title=Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806|publisher=edited by W. Długoborski|year=1966|location=Wrocław|pages=150|language=the Polish}}</ref> !% |- |'''Germans''' |1,561,570 |'''75.6''' |1,550,000 |'''70.5''' |1,303,300 |'''74.6''' |- |'''Poles''' |444,000 |'''21.5''' |600,000 |'''27.3''' |401,900 |'''23.0''' |- |'''Sorbs''' |24,500 |'''1.2''' |30,000 |'''1.4''' |900 |'''0.1''' |- |'''Czechs''' |5,500 |'''0.3''' | | |32,600 |'''1.9''' |- |'''Moravians''' |12,000 |'''0.6''' | | | | |- |'''Jews''' |16,916 |'''0.8''' |20,000 |'''0.9''' |8,900 |'''0.5''' |- |'''Population''' |'''c. 2.1&nbsp;million''' |'''100''' |'''c. 2.2&nbsp;million''' |'''100''' |'''c. 1.8&nbsp;million''' |'''100''' |} Ethnic mak-up of Prussian Iver Silesia ([[Opole]] regency) durin the 19t century and the airly 20t century can be fund in Table 2.: {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! colspan="18" |Table 2. Nummers of Polish, German and ither indwallers (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)<ref name="Georg Hassel" /><ref name="Paul Weber1">{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|language=the German}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kalisch|first=Johannes|last2=Bochinski|first2=Hans|date=1958|title=Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882|url=http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|location=Leipzig|volume=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201215644/http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> |- !Year !1819 !1831 !1834 !1837 !1840 !1843 !1846 !1852 !1855 !1858 !1861 !1867 !1890 !1900 !1905 !1910 |- |'''''Polish''''' |377,100 '''(67.2%)''' |418,837 '''(62.0%)''' |468,691 '''(62.6%)''' |495,362 '''(62.1%)''' |525,395 '''(58.6%)''' |540,402 '''(58.1%)''' |568,582 '''(58.1%)''' |584,293 '''(58.6%)''' |590,248 '''(58.7%)''' |612,849 '''(57.3%)''' |665,865 '''(59.1%)''' |742,153 '''(59.8%)''' |918,728 '''(58.2%)''' |1,048,230 '''(56.1%)''' |1,158,805 '''(57.0%)''' |Census, monolingual Polish: '''1,169,340''' '''(53.0%)'''<ref name="Paul Weber2">{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|page=27|language=the German}}</ref> '''or up tae''' '''1,560,000''' thegither wi bilinguals |- |'''''German''''' |162,600 '''(29.0%)''' |257,852 '''(36.1%)''' |266,399 '''(35.6%)''' |290,168 '''(36.3%)''' |330,099 '''(36.8%)''' |348,094 '''(37.4%)''' |364,175 '''(37.2%)''' |363,990 '''(36.5%)''' |366,562 '''(36.5%)''' |406,950 '''(38.1%)''' |409,218 '''(36.3%)''' |457,545 '''(36.8%)''' |566,523 '''(35.9%)''' |684,397 '''(36.6%)''' |757,200 '''(37.2%)''' |'''884,045''' '''(40.0%)''' |- |'''''Ither''''' |21,503 '''(3.8%)''' |13,254 '''(1.9%)''' |13,120 '''(1.8%)''' |12,679 '''(1.6%)''' |41,570 '''(4.6%)''' |42,292 '''(4.5%)''' |45,736 '''(4.7%)''' |49,445 '''(4.9%)''' |48,270 '''(4.8%)''' |49,037 '''(4.6%)''' |51,187 '''(4.6%)''' |41,611 '''(3.4%)''' |92,480 '''(5.9%)''' |135,519 '''(7.3%)''' |117,651 '''(5.8%)''' |Population: 2,207,981 |} The Austrian pairt of Silesia haed a mell'd German, Polish and Czech population, wi speakers of the Polish leid formin a plurality in Cieszyn Silesia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chromik|first=Grzegorz|title=Geschichte des deutsch-slawischen Sprachkontaktes im Teschener Schlesien|isbn=978-3-88246-398-9|pages=258–322|language=the German}}</ref> ====Releigion==== [[File:Verbreitung_der_Konfessionen_im_deutschen_Reich.jpg|thumb|Confessions in the Empire of Germany (Catholic/Protestant; {{Circa|1890}}). Nether Silesia wis maistly Protestant, while Glatz (Kłodzko) and Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic.]] Historically, Silesia wis about equally splitten atween the [[Catholic Kirk|Catholics]] and the [[Protestantism|Protestants]] (awmaist aa wir Lutherans). In an 1890 census taen in the German pairt, the Catholics made up a slicht plurality of 53%, while the ither 47% wir maist haund Lutheran.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Meyers Konversationslexikon|volume=5. Ausgabe}}</ref> Geographically speakin, Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic binna for a puckle of pairts in the north-wast, that wir feckly Lutheran. Nether Silesia wis maistly Lutheran binna for the ''Glatzer Laund'' (nou kent as ''Kłodzko County''). Generally speakin, the population wis maistly Protestant in the wastern pairts, and it wad aften get mair Catholic the farrer east a body gaed. In Iver Silesia, Protestants wir thranged in the muckler touns, and aften considered theirsells German. Efter Warld Weir II, the releigious demographics chyngit unco sair sin the Germans, wha constitut the feck of the Protestant population, wir forcibly herried out. Poles, wha wir maistly Catholic, wir re-sattled in their steid. The day, Silesia bides feckly Catholic. Bidin there syne the 12t century,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Demshuk|first=A|title=The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|pages=40}}</ref> Silesia's Jewish commonty wis thranged about Wrocław and Iver Silesia, and nummert 48,003 (1.1% of the fowk) in 1890, gaein doun tae 44,985 bodies (0.9%) bi 1910.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kamusella|first=T|title=Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918|url=https://archive.org/details/silesiacentraleu0000kamu|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=2007|pages=[https://archive.org/details/silesiacentraleu0000kamu/page/173 173]}}</ref> In Polish East Iver Silesia, the nummer of Jews wis roun about 90,000–100,000.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Christopher R.|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511665301|title=Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers|date=2000-02-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77299-0}}</ref> Historically, the commonty haed dree'd a wheen of localised herryin outs, for ensample their 1453 herryin out frae [[Wrocław]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=van Straten|first=J|title=The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry: The Controversy Unravelled|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|pages=58}}</ref> Atween 1712 and 1820 a tring of chiels wir cried Heid Rabbi of Silesia ("''Landesrabbiner''"): Naphtali ha-Kohen (1712–16); Samuel ben Naphtali (1716–22); Ḥayyim Jonah Te'omim (1722–1727); Baruch b. Reuben Gomperz (1733–54); Joseph Jonas Fränkel (1754–93); Jeremiah Löw Berliner (1793–99); Lewin Saul Fränkel (1800–7); Aaron Karfunkel (1807–16); and Abraham ben Gedaliah Tiktin (1816–20).<ref>{{Cite web|last=<!--Not stated-->|title=Silesia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7747-hirschberg|access-date=6 December 2017|website=1906 Jewish Encyclopedia|publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Eftercasts of Warld Weir II==== Efter the Germans invadit Poland in 1939, follaein {{interlanguage link|Nazi racial policy|en|Racial Policy of Nazi Germany}}, the Jewish fowk of Silesia wis underlien genocide wi executions obtemper'd bi Einsatzgruppe z. B.V. heidit bi ''Udo von Woyrsch'' and Einsatzgruppe I heidit bi ''Bruno Streckenbach'',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Olkuśnik|first=Magdalena|title=Popularna encyklopedia powszechna|last2=Wójcik|first2=Elżbieta|year=2001|volume=10|pages=660}}</ref> incarceration in ghettos, and ethnic cleansing of the General Government. In their ettles tae exterminate the Jews throu murther and ethnic cleansin, the Germans foundit the Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen camps in the province of Silesia. Herryin outs wir cairried out apenly and souched in the local press.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Steinbacher|first=S|title=The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004) Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=110-138}}</ref> Thaim sent tae ghettos wad frae 1942 be herried out till concentration and wark camps.<ref name=":0" /> Atween 5 Mey and 17 Juin, 20,000 Silesian Jews wir sent till Birkenau till gas chaumers and aa throu August 1942, atween 10,000 and 13,000 Silesian Jews wir murthert wi gassin at Auschwitz.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Stanley|last2=Browning|first2=Christopher R.|date=2005|title=The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20034240|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=84|issue=1|pages=188|doi=10.2307/20034240|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> Maist Jews in Silesia wir exterminated wi the Nazis. Efter the weir, Silesia became a muckle centre tae repatriation of the Jewish fowk that haed pitten ower Nazi German extermination in Poland,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Slucki|first=David|url=https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813552255|title=The International Jewish Labor Bund after 1945|date=2019-09-03|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-5225-5|pages=63}}</ref> and in the hairst of 1945, 15,000 Jews wir bidin in Nether Silesia, maistly Polish Jews that haed come back frae territories that nou belanged the Soviet Union,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belah Guṭerman|first=|date=2011-03-01|title=A Narrow Bridge to Life: Jewish Forced Labor and Survival in the Gross-Rosen Camp System|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcr012|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|volume=25|issue=1|pages=229|doi=10.1093/hgs/dcr012|issn=8756-6583}}</ref> risin in 1946 tae seiventy thousand<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kochavi|first=AJ|date=2001|title=Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948|url=https://archive.org/details/postholocaustpol00koch|journal=University of North Carolina Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/postholocaustpol00koch/page/176 176]}}</ref> as Jewish survivors frae ither pairts of Poland wir relocatit.<ref name=":2" /> The feck of Germans flichtit or wir herried out frae the day's Polish and Czech pairts of Silesia durin and efter Warld Weir II. Atween Juin 1945 and Januar 1947, 1.77&nbsp;million Germans wir herried out frae Nether Silesia, and 310,000 frae Iver Silesia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Klusmeyer|first=Douglas B.|url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781845459697|title=Immigration Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany|last2=Papademetriou|first2=Demetrios G.|date=2022-09-29|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-969-7}}</ref> The day, maist German Silesians and their affspring bides in the Federal Republic of Germany, mony of thaim in the [[Ruhr]] area wirkin as miners, like their forebeirs in Silesia. Ane of its maist namely but controversial preses wis the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] politician ''Herbert Hupka''. The herryin out of Germans haed resultit in rife unnerpopulation. The fowk of the toun of Głogów fell frae 33,500 tae 5,000, and atween 1939 and 1966 the population of Wrocław fell bi 25%. Ettles tae re-people Silesia didna come muckle speed in the 1940s and 1950s,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fessenden|first=Helen|last2=Mazower|first2=Mark|date=1999|title=Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20049489|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=78|issue=5|pages=223|doi=10.2307/20049489|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> and Silesia's fowk didna rax tae pre-weir levels till the late 1970s. The Polish sattlers that re-peopled Silesia wir pairtly frae the umwhile Polish Easten Mairchlaunds, whilk wis taen bi the [[Soviet Union]] in 1939. Wrocław wis pairtly re-peopled wi bield-seekers frae the umwhile Polish ceity of [[Lviv|Lwów]]. ==Geography== [[File:Landkarte_von_Schlesien.jpg|thumb|First kairt of Silesia bi Martin Helwig, 1561; north at the bottom]] [[File:Silesia_Physical_Map.png|thumb|Physical kairt of Silesia in 1905]] The maist of Silesia is affeirinly flet, awtho its southren mairch is maistly montanous. It is feckly locat in a swath rinnin alang baith braes of the iver and mid [[Oder|Oder (Odra)]] River, but it raxes eastle tae the iver Vistula. The region alsae taks in mony leaders of the ''Oder'', amang thaim is the ''Bóbr'' (and its leader the ''Kwisa''), the ''Barycz'' and the ''Nysa Kłodzka''. The [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] rins alang the maist of the southren rind of the region, tho at its south-eastern extreme it raxes tae the Silesian Beskids and Moravian-Silesian Beskids, whilk belang the [[Carpathie Moontains|Carpathian Bens]]. Historically, Silesia wis boundit tae the wast bi the Kwisa and Bóbr Rivers, while the laund bewast the Kwisa wis in Iver Lusatia (airlier ''Milsko''). Housomever, because pairt of Iver Lusatia wis taen in the Province of Silesia in 1815, in Germany ''[[Görlitz (destrict)|Görlitz]]'', ''Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis'' and neebourin airts are considered pairts of historical Silesia. Thon destricks, alang wi Poland's Nether Silesian Voivodeship and pairts of Lubusz Voivodeship, mak up the geographic region of Nether Silesia. Silesia haes underlien a seimilar notional raxin at its easten extreme. Historically, it raxed anelie the lenth of the Brynica River, whilk sinders it frae ''Zagłębie Dąbrowskie'' in Lesser Poland. Houaniver, tae mony Poles the day, Silesia (''Śląsk)'' is unnerstuid tae kiver aa the area roun about Katowice, as weel as Zagłębie. This interpretatioun is gien offeicial ratihabitation in the yaise of the name Silesian Voivodeship ({{lang|pl|województwo śląskie}}) for the province kiverin this area. In fack, the wird ''{{lang|pl|Śląsk}}'' in the Polish leid (whan yaised without qualificatioun) nou commonly refers allenarly tae this pairt (alsae kent as ''Górny Śląsk'' or Iver Silesia). As weel as the Katowice airt, historical Iver Silesia alsae taks in the [[Opole]] region (Poland's Opole Voivodeship) and Czech Silesia. Czech Silesia is made up of a pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Region and the Jeseník Destrick in the Olomouc Region. ===Naitural resources=== Silesia is a pairt rife of resources and fowk. Syne the mid-18t century, coal haes gotten mined. The industry haed grown while Silesia wis pairt of Germany, and peaked in the 1970s unner the ''Fowk's Republic of Poland''. Durin this time, Silesia became ane of the warld's mucklest producers of coal, wi a record tonnage in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> The coal minin dwined durin the nixt twa decades, but haes worn up again follaein the end of Communist maistry. [[File:KWK_Bolesław_Śmiały_01.jpg|thumb|Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine, Łaziska Górne]] The 41 coal mines in Silesia are maistly pairt of the Iver Silesian Coal Basin, whilk liggs in the Silesian Uplaund. The coalfield haes an area of about {{Convert|4,500|km2|mi2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl|url-status=live}}</ref> Deposits in Nether Silesia hae kyth'd tae be a trauchle tae mak yaise of and the area's onprofitable mines wir steekit in 2000.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl" /> In 2008, an upcuissen 35&nbsp;billion tonnes of lignite fordels wir fund near Legnica, makin thaim some of the mucklest in the warld.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mamy największe złoża węgla brunatnego na świecie|url=http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,82244,4820533.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503194935/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,4820533.html|archive-date=2012-05-03|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Gazetawyborcza.pl|language=the Polish|url-status=dead}}</ref> Frae the fowert century BC on, airn ore haes been mined in the uplaund pairts of Silesia.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl|url-status=live}}</ref> The same period haed leid, capper, siller, and gowd minin. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mikulski|first=S.Z.|title=Late-Hercynian gold-bearing arsenic-polymetallic mineralization within Saxothuringian zone in the Polish Sudetes, Northeast Bohemian Massif, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century|publisher=CRC Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1-003-07750-3|location=London|pages=787-790}}</ref> and [[uranium]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wise International &#124; World Information Service on Energy|url=http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/439-440/poland.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053346/http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww10.antenna.nl%2Fwise%2F439-440%2Fpoland.html|archive-date=10 October 2007|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=}}</ref> hev alsae been mined in the region. Nether Silesia features lairge capper minin and processin atween the ceities of [[Legnica]], Głogów, Lubin, and Polkowice. In the Middle Ages, gowd (Polish: ''złoto'') and siller (Polish: ''srebro'') wir mined in the region, whilk is refleckit in the names of the umwhile minin touns of [[Złotoryja]], Złoty Stok and Srebrna Góra. The region is kent for stane quarryin tae produce limestane, marl, mairble, and basalt.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl"/> {| class="wikitable col2right" |+'''Annwal throu-pit of minerals in Silesia''' !Mineral name !Throu-pit (tonnes) !Ref. |- |Bituminous coal |95,000,000 | |- |Capper |571,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2011|title=Copper: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/copper/copper_t21.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |Zinc |160,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2004|title=Zinc: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/zinc/zinc_table18.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |Siller |1,200 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2004|title=Silver: World Mine Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/silver/silver_table08.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |Cadmium |500 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2012|title=Cadmium: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/cadmium/cadmium_t5.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |Leid |70,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 June 2005|title=Lead: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/lead/lead_t16.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> |} The region alsae haes a weel-daein lawbourage sector, the whilk produces cereals (wheat, rye, barley, aits, stuff), tatties, rapeseed, succar beets and siclike. Milk production is weel developed. The Opole Silesia haes for mony decades taen the tap spat in Poland for their indices of effective yaise of fairmin laund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samorząd Województwa Opolskiego|url=http://umwo.opole.pl/serwis/index.php?id=2009|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=|url-status=live}}</ref> The montanous pairts of southren Silesia features mony significant and hertsome tourism destinations (e.g., Karpacz, Szczyrk, Wisła). Silesia is maistly weel forestit. This is because greenness is generally heichly socht efter bi the local fowk, mairbetoken in the heichly industrialized pairts of Silesia. ==Demographics== Silesia haes been historically diverse in aa pairts. Nouadays, the mucklest pairt of Silesia is locat in Poland; it is aften cried ane of the maist diverse pairts of the kintra. The ''Unitit States Immigration Commission'', in its ''Dictionary of Races or Peoples'' (published in 1911, whan muckle thrangs of Silesians wir flittin till the Unitit States), held ''Silesian'' for a geographical (nae ethnic) term, beirin the indwallers of Silesia. The existence of baith Polish Silesian and German Silesian dialecks thereawa wis mintioned forbye.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/128/mode/1up/search/Silesian|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=128}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/105/mode/1up|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|others=United States. Immigration Commission (1907–1910)|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=105, 128}}</ref> ===Ceities and touns=== The follaein table taks in the ceities and touns in Silesia wi a population greater nor 20,000 (2026).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-29|title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2025. As of 31 December (table IV)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2025-as-of-31-december,3,39.html|access-date=2026-06-04|publisher=Statistics Poland|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-18|title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|website=DataStat|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:1%;" | ! style="width:1%;" | !Name ! style="width:6%;" |Population ! style="width:11%;" |Area ! style="width:4%;" |Kintra !Admeinistrative ! style="width:15%;" |Historic subregion |- style="text-align:center;" |1 |[[File:Herb_wroclaw.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Wrocław]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |672,601 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|293|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |2 |[[File:Ostrava_CoA_CZ.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Ostrava'''* | style="text-align:center;" |280,853 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|214|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia/[[Moravie|Moravia]] |- style="text-align:center;" |3 |[[File:Katowice_Herb.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Katowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |277,415 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|165|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |4 |[[File:Gliwice_herb.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Gliwice''' | style="text-align:center;" |166,942 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|134|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |5 |[[File:POL_Bielsko-Biała_COA.svg|center|48x48px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bielsko-Biała'''* | style="text-align:center;" |163,164 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|125|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia/Lesser Poland |- style="text-align:center;" |6 |[[File:POL_Zabrze_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zabrze''' | style="text-align:center;" |150,780 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|80|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |7 |[[File:Bytom_herb.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bytom''' | style="text-align:center;" |144,598 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|69|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |8 |[[File:POL_Zielona_Góra_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zielona Góra''' | style="text-align:center;" |138,476 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|58|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |9 |[[File:POL_Rybnik_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Rybnik]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |128,788 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|148|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |10 |[[File:POL_Ruda_Śląska_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Ruda Śląska''' | style="text-align:center;" |127,601 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|78|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |11 |[[File:POL_Opole_COA.svg|center|34x34px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Opole]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |126,623 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|97|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |12 |[[File:POL_Tychy_COA.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Tychy''' | style="text-align:center;" |120,081 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|82|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |13 |[[File:Chorzów_herb.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Chorzów''' | style="text-align:center;" |98,418 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|33|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |14 |[[File:POL_Wałbrzych_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Wałbrzych]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |97,546 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |15 |[[File:Legnica_herb.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Legnica]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |89,919 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|56|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |16 |[[File:POL_Jastrzębie-Zdrój_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Jastrzębie-Zdrój''' | style="text-align:center;" |80,527 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |17 |[[File:POL_Jelenia_Góra_COA_1.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Jelenia Góra''' | style="text-align:center;" |73,470 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|109|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |18 |[[File:POL_Mysłowice_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Mysłowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |70,160 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|66|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |19 |[[File:Havirov_CoA.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Havířov''' | style="text-align:center;" |67,998 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|32|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |20 |[[File:POL_Lubin_COA.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Lubin''' | style="text-align:center;" |65,961 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|41|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |21 |[[File:POL_Siemianowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Siemianowice Śląskie''' | style="text-align:center;" |62,311 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|25|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |22 |[[File:POL_Żory_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Żory''' | style="text-align:center;" |61,857 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|65|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |23 |[[File:Herb_TarnowskieGory.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Tarnowskie Góry''' | style="text-align:center;" |61,001 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|84|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |24 |[[File:POL_Głogów_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Głogów''' | style="text-align:center;" |60,605 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|35|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |25 |[[File:Wappen_Goerlitz_vector.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Görlitz'''** | style="text-align:center;" |55,186 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|68|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|GER}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} [[Saxony]] |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |26 |[[File:Opava_CoA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Opava''' | style="text-align:center;" |54,881 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|91|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |27 |[[File:Frýdek_Místek_CoA_CZ.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Frýdek-Místek'''* | style="text-align:center;" |53,164 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|52|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia/Moravia |- style="text-align:center;" |28 |[[File:POL_Kędzierzyn-Koźle_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Kędzierzyn-Koźle''' | style="text-align:center;" |53,140 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|124|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |29 |[[File:POL_Świdnica_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świdnica''' | style="text-align:center;" |51,357 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|22|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |30 |[[File:POL_Piekary_Śląskie_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Piekary Śląskie''' | style="text-align:center;" |51,030 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|40|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |31 |[[File:POL_Racibórz_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Racibórz]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |48,750 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|75|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |32 |[[File:Karwina_herb.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Karviná]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |48,684 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|58|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |33 |[[File:POL_Świętochłowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świętochłowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |44,621 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|13|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |34 |[[File:POL_Wodzisław_Śląski_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Wodzisław Śląski''' | style="text-align:center;" |44,017 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|50|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |35 |[[File:POL_Mikołów_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Mikołów''' | style="text-align:center;" |41,478 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|79|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |36 |[[File:POL_Nysa_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Nysa''' | style="text-align:center;" |39,887 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|27|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |37 |[[File:POL_Bolesławiec_COA_1.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bolesławiec''' | style="text-align:center;" |36,642 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|24|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |38 |[[File:POL_Nowa_Sól_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Nowa Sól''' | style="text-align:center;" |35,230 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|22|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |39 |[[File:Herb_Knurów-2018.png|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Knurów''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,919 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|34|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |40 |[[File:POL_Oleśnica_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Oleśnica''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,676 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|21|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |41 |[[File:POL_Czechowice-Dziedzice_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Czechowice-Dziedzice''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,564 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|33|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |42 |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Třinec.svg|center|34x34px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Třinec''' | style="text-align:center;" |33,523 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |43 |[[File:POL_Oława_COA.svg|center|33x33px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Oława''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,928 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|27|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |44 |[[File:POL_Brzeg_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Brzeg''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,724 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|15|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |45 |[[File:POL_Cieszyn_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Cieszyn''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,217 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|29|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |46 |[[File:Wappen_Hoyerswerda.PNG|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Hoyerswerda'''** | style="text-align:center;" |30,759 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|96|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|GER}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} Saxony |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |47 |[[File:POL_Dzierżoniów_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Dzierżoniów''' | style="text-align:center;" |30,014 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|20|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |48 |[[File:POL_Zgorzelec_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zgorzelec'''** | style="text-align:center;" |28,095 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|16|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |49 |[[File:POL_Bielawa_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bielawa''' | style="text-align:center;" |27,480 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|36|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |50 |[[File:Orlová_znak.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Orlová''' | style="text-align:center;" |27,383 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|25|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |51 |[[File:POL_Lubliniec_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Lubliniec''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,931 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|89|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |52 |[[File:Cesky_Tesin_CoA.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Český Těšín''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,870 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|34|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |53 |[[File:POL_Żagań_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Żagań''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,800 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|40|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |54 |[[File:Krnov_znak.png|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Krnov''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,303 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|44|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |55 |[[File:POL_Orzesze_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Orzesze''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,242 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|84|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |56 |[[File:POL_Świebodzice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świebodzice''' | style="text-align:center;" |21,469 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|30|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |57 |[[File:POL_Kluczbork_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Kluczbork''' | style="text-align:center;" |21,232 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|12|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |58 |[[File:POL_Polkowice_COA_2022.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Polkowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,832 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|24|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |59 |[[File:POL_Łaziska_Górne_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Łaziska Górne''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,826 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|21|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |60 |[[File:POL_Świebodzin_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świebodzin''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,480 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|11|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |61 |[[File:Bohumin_CoA_CZ.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bohumín''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,234 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|31|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Anelie pairt in Silesia<gallery> File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wrocław,_September_2022_07.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wroc%C5%82aw,_September_2022_07.jpg|[[:en:Wrocław|Wrocław]] File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|[[:en:Ostrava|Ostrava]] File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|[[:en:Katowice|Katowice]] File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|[[:en:Gliwice|Gliwice]] File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Biała.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a.JPG|[[:en:Bielsko-Biała|Bielsko-Biała]] File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|[[:en:Zabrze|Zabrze]] File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|[[:en:Bytom|Bytom]] File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_Górze.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_G%C3%B3rze.jpg|[[:en:Zielona_Góra|Zielona Góra]] File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|[[:en:Rybnik|Rybnik]] File:Plac_Jana_Pawła_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plac_Jana_Paw%C5%82a_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|[[:en:Ruda_Śląska|Ruda Śląska]] File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|[[:en:Opole|Opole]] File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|[[:en:Tychy|Tychy]] File:Chorzów_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chorz%C3%B3w_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|[[:en:Chorzów|Chorzów]] File:Wałbrzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wa%C5%82brzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|[[:en:Wałbrzych|Wałbrzych]] File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|[[:en:Legnica|Legnica]] File:Pałac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pa%C5%82ac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|[[:en:Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Jastrzębie-Zdrój]] File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|[[:en:Opava|Opava]] File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|[[:en:Brzeg|Brzeg]] </gallery> ==Flags and coats of airms== The signs of Nether Silesia and Iver Silesia hae their founds in the signs of the Piasts of Nether Silesia and Iver Silesia. The coat of airms of Iver Silesia depicts the gowden earn on the blue shiel. The coat of airms of Nether Silesia depicts a bleck earn on a gowden (yallow) shiel.<gallery> File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|Blasoun of the Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Upper_Silesia|province of Iver Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_śląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Silesian_Voivodeship|Blasoun of the Silesian Voivodeship]] File:POL_województwo_opolskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Opole_Voivodeship|The blasoun of the Opolskie Voivodeship]] File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|Blasoun of Duke [[:en:Henry_Probus|Henry Probus]] File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|Blasoun of [[:en:Austrian_Silesia|Austrian Silesia]] (1742–1918) File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Lower_Silesia|province of Nether Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|Blasoun of the [[:en:Lower_Silesia_Voivodeship|Nether Silesia Voivodeship]] File:Znak_Slezska.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Znak_Slezska.svg|Blasoun of [[:en:Czech_Silesia|Czech Silesia]] </gallery>Flags wi their colors refers tae the blasoun of Silesia.<gallery> File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Upper_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Iver Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Silesia Voivodeship File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|Flag of the Austrian Silesia (1742–1918), and Czech Silesia File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Silesia_and_Lower_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Nether Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Nether Silesia Voivodeship </gallery> ==Warld Heritage Steids== <gallery mode="packed-hover" widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|Kirks of Peace, Świdnica and Jawor File:Wrocław_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wroc%C5%82aw_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|Centennial Haa, [[Wrocław]] File:SZTOLNIA_GŁĘBOKA_FRYDERYK_-_część_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastrąga.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SZTOLNIA_G%C5%81%C4%98BOKA_FRYDERYK_-_cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastr%C4%85ga.jpg|Historic Siller Mine, Tarnowskie Góry File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|Muskau Pairk, Łęknica and Bad Muskau </gallery> ==Sources== * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Silesia|volume=25|pages=90–92}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Czapliński|editor1-first=Marek|editor2-last=Wiszewski|editor2-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Region Divided - Times of Nation-States (1918-1945)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/64229/Cuius_regio_vol_4.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=4|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-8-9}} * {{Cite book|last=Długajczyk|first=Edward|title=Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939|publisher=Śląsk|year=1993|isbn=83-85831-03-7|location=[[Katowice]]|language=the Polish|trans-title=The Dern Front on the Cieszyn Mairch: Intelligence and Sabotage, 1919–1939|author-link=Edward Długajczyk}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Wąs|editor2-first=Gabriela|encyclopedia=The Strengthening of Silesian Regionalism (1526-1740)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/73766/Cuius_regio_vol_2.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=2|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-6-5}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Kulak|editor2-first=Teresa|encyclopedia=Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/79021/Cuius_regio_vol_3.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=3|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-3-7}} * {{Cite book|last=Plater|first=Stanisław|url=https://obc.opole.pl/Content/8541/download/|title=Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę|publisher=Wilhelm Bogumił Korn|year=1825|location=Wrocław|language=the Polish|trans-title=Geography of the Easten Pairt of Europe, or Description of the Kintras inhaibitit bi Sindry Slavic Nations: Amang thaim Prussia, the Duchery of Posen, Prussian Silesia, Galicia, the Republic of Cracow, the Kinrick of Poland, and Lithuania|author-link=Stanisław Plater}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Przemysław|editor-first=Wiszewski|encyclopedia=The Long Formation of the Region (c. 1000–1526)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/49790/Cuius_regio_vol_1.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2013|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=1|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-1-0}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Wiszewski|editor-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Permanent Change - The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/76597/Cuius_regio_vol_5.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=5|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-2-0}} * {{Cite book|last=Zahradnik|first=Stanisław|title=Korzenie Zaolzia|last2=Marek Ryczkowski|publisher=PAI-press|year=1992|location=Warszawa - Praga - Trzyniec|language=the Polish|trans-title=The Ruits of Zaolzie|oclc=177389723}} ==Wabsteid links== * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727142251/http://brws.silesia-region.pl/indexang.php|date=27 July 2007|title=Silesia in Europe page}} * [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/silesia.htm Map of Silesia in 1763] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524121858/http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/silesia.htm |date=2006-05-24 }} * [http://www.vogel-soya.de/bilder/Schlesphoto.html Old postcards from Silesian towns] * [http://www.schlesierland.de/index.html Photos from Silesian towns, villages and communities before 1946] * [http://culture.pl/en/article/what-is-silesia What is Silesia?] * [https://mapy.com/en/zakladni?q=Slezsko%20-%20s%20moravsk%C3%BDmi%20enkl%C3%A1vami&source=area&id=191266&ds=1&x=17.1035242&y=50.7247522&z=7 Borders of Silesia with Moravian enclaves] on Mapy.com ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:History]] [[Category:Poland]] [[Category:Politics]] [[Category:Economy]] [[Category:Society]] [[Category:Europe]] 3ta9lq6qdczqed4xmd4i9o1q2fur172 0 233955 922976 922254 2026-09-21T20:38:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 922976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = BTS | image = BTS during a White House press conference May 31, 2022 (cropped).jpg | image_upright = 1.15 | landscape = yes | caption = BTS at the [[White Hoose]] in Mey 2022 (left tae richt): V, Jung Kook, Jimin, RM, Jin, J-Hope, an Suga | alias = {{plainlist}} * Bangtan Boys * Bangtan Sonyeondan * Beyond the Scene * Bulletproof Boy Scouts {{endplainlist}} | origin = [[Seoul]], Sooth Korea | genre = {{flatlist}} * [[K-pop]] * [[Pop muisic|pop]] * [[hip-hop]] * [[Contemporar R&B|R&B]] * [[Electronic dance muisic|EDM]] {{endflatlist}} | works = {{flatlist}} * [[BTS albums discography|Albums]] * [[BTS singles discography|singles]] * [[BTS videography|videography]] * [[Leet o BTS live performances|live performances]] {{endflatlist}} | years_active = 2013–present | label = {{flatlist}} * [[BigHit Music|BigHit]] * [[Pony Canyon]] * {{nowrap|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam Japan]]}}/[[Universal Music Japan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.universal-music.co.jp/bts/news/2017/03/23/|script-title=ja:シングル「血、汗、涙」を5月10日にリリース!|trans-title=The single "Blood, Sweat, Tears" will be released on May 10th!|date=2017-03-23|publisher=[[Universal Music Japan]]|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324175800/http://www.universal-music.co.jp/bts/news/2017/03/23/|archive-date=2017-03-24|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-29}}</ref> * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] * [[Geffen Records|Geffen]] {{endflatlist}} | website = {{URL|ibighit.com/en/bts/profile/}} | current_members = * [[Jin (sangster)|Jin]] * [[Suga]] * [[J-Hope]] * [[RM (muisicker)|RM]] * [[Jimin]] * [[V (sangster)|V]] * [[Jung Kook]] | module2 = {{Infobox Chinese | child = yes | hangul = 방탄소년단 | rr = Bangtan sonyeondan | mr = Pangt'an sonyŏndan | kanji = 防弾少年団 | hiragana = ぼうだんしょうねんだん | revhep = Bōdan shōnendan | kunrei = Bôdan syônendan }} }} '''BTS''' ([[Korean leid|Korean]]: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan sonyeondan), forby kent as the '''Bangtan Boys''', is a Sooth Korean [[lad baund]] formit in 2010. The baund consists o [[Jin (sangster)|Jin]], [[Suga]], [[J-Hope]], [[RM (muisicker)|RM]], [[Jimin]], [[V (sangster)|V]], an [[Jung Kook]], wha co-write or co-produce much o thair material. Oreeginally a [[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]] group, thay expandit thair muisical style tae incorporate a wide reenge o genres, whiles thair leerics hae focused on subjecks includin mental heal, the troubles o schuil-age youth an [[comin o age]], loss, the journey towards sel-luve, individualism an the consequences o fame an recogneetion. Thair discography an adjacent wirk haes forby referenced leeteratur, philosophy an psychology, an includes an alternate universe storyline. BTS debuted in 2013 unner [[BigHit Music|Big Hit Entertainmen]]<nowiki/>t wi the single album ''2 Cool 4 Skool''. BTS lowsed thair furst Korean an Japanese-leid studio albums, ''Dark & Wild'' an ''Wake Up'' respectively, in 2014. The group's secont Korean studio album, ''Wings'' (2016), wis thair furst tae sell ane million units in Sooth Korea. Bi 2017, BTS haed crossed intae the global muisic mercat an led the [[Korean Wave]] intae the Unitit States, becomin the furst Korean ensemble tae receive a [[RIAA certification|Gowd certification]] frae the [[Recordin Industrie Association o Americae]] (RIAA) fur thair single "[[Mic Drop (sang)|Mic Drop]]", as weel as the furst ack frae Sooth Korea tae tap the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] wi thair studio album ''Love Yourself: Tear'' (2018). In 2020, BTS becam the festest group syne [[the Beatles]] tae chairt fower US nummer-ane albums in less nor twa years, wi ''Love Yourself: Answer'' (2018) becomin the furst Korean album certifee'd Platinum bi the RIAA; in the same year, thay becam the furst aw-Sooth Korean ack tae reak nummer ane on baith the [[Billboard Hat 100|''Billboard'' Hat&#x20;100]] an [[Billboard Global 200|''Billboard'' Global&#x20;200]] wi thair Grammy-nominatit single "[[Dynamite (BTS sang)|Dynamite]]". Follae-up lowses "Savage Love", "Life Goes On", "Butter", "Permission to Dance", an "My Universe" makkit thaim the fastest ack tae earn sax US nummer-ane singles syne the Beatles in 1966. On 14 Juin 2022, the group annoonced a scheduled pause in group activities tae enable the memmers tae complete thair 18 month o mandatory Sooth Korean militar service, whilk thay aw completit bi Juin 2025. Thair furst group album in awmaist fower years, ''Arirang'' (2026), spawned thair seivent US nummer-ane single, "Swim". As o 2023, BTS is the best-sellin muisical ack in Sooth Korean history accordin tae the [[Raing Chairt]], haein selt in excess o 40 million albums.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kim|first=Hyun-shik|date=2023-06-09|title=빌보드 석권·매출 1조…'K팝 선봉장' BTS가 일군 기적들[BTS 10주년]①|url=https://www.edaily.co.kr/news/read?newsId=01092246635640080&mediaCodeNo=258|url-status=live|access-date=2026-08-29|website=Edaily|language=ko}}</ref> Thair studio album ''Map of the Soul: 7'' (2020) is the fowert best-sellin album o aw time in Sooth Korea, as weel as the furst in the kintra tae surpass baith fower an five million registered sales. Thay are the furst nan-Inglis-speakin an Asian ack tae sell oot concerts at [[Wembley Stadium]] an the [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]] (Love Yourself World Tour, 2019), an wur named the [[Internaitional Federation o the Phonographic Industrie]]'s (IFPI) [[Global Recordin Airtist o the Year]] fur baith 2020 an 2021. The group's accolades include mony [[American Muisic Awairds]], [[Billboard Muisic Awairds|''Billboard'' Muisic Awairds]], [[Gowden Disc Awairds]], an nominations fur five [[Grammy Awairds]]. Ootside o muisic, thay hae addressed three sessions o the [[Unitit Naitions General Assembly]] an pairtnered wi [[UNICEF]] in 2017 tae establish the Love Myself anti-violence campaign. Featurt on ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'s}} internaitional kiver as "Nixt Generation Leaders" an dubbit the "Princes o Pop", BTS haes forby appeared on ''Time''{{'s}} leets o the 25 maist influential fowk on the onwab (2017–2019) an the 100 maist influential fowk in the warld (2019), an in 2018 becam the yungest recipients o the Sooth Korean [[Order o Cultural Merit (Sooth Korea)|Order o Cultural Merit]] fur thair contreibutions in spreidin the Korean cultur an leid. ==References== {{reflist}} == Citit leeteratur == * {{cite book|title=Soul in Seoul: African American Popular Music and K-pop|first=Crystal S.|last=Anderson|publisher=Varsity Press o Mississippi|year=2020|isbn=978-1-4968-3009-8|ref={{sfnRef|Anderson}}}} * {{cite journal|title=Algorithmic Regulation in Media and Cultural Policy: A Framework to Evaluate Barriers to Accountability|first1=Robert|last1=Hunt|first2=Fenwick|last2=McKelvey|journal=Journal of Information Policy|year=2019|volume=9|pages=307–335|doi=10.5325/jinfopoli.9.2019.0307|jstor=10.5325/jinfopoli.9.2019.0307|s2cid=213521720|ref={{sfnRef|Hunt & McKelvey}}|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book | last = Jin | first = Dal Yong | editor-last = Kim | editor-first = Youna | contribution =Transnational Cultural Power of BTS: Digital Fan Activism in the Social Media Era | title = The Soft Power of the Korean Wave: ''Parasite'', BTS and Drama | year = 2022 | pages = 142–154 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-1-00310-248-9 | ref={{sfnRef|Youna Kim}} }} * {{cite journal|last=Ju|first=Hyunshik|title=Premediating a Narrative of Growth: BTS, Digital Media, and Fan Culture|journal=Popular Entertainment Studies|pages=19–33|issn=1837-9303|url=https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ojs/index.php/pes/article/view/223/230|access-date=June 7, 2022|archive-date=March 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004153/https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ojs/index.php/pes/article/view/223/230|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book | last = Keith | first = Sarah | editor-last = Kim | editor-first = Youna | contribution =BTS as Cultural Ambassadors | title = The Soft Power of the Korean Wave: ''Parasite'', BTS and Drama | year = 2022 | pages = 152–167 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-1-00310-248-9 | ref={{sfnRef|Keith}} }} * {{cite book|last=Kim|first=Kyung Hyun|title=Hegemonic Mimicry: Korean Popular Culture of the Twenty-first Century|publisher=Duke Varsity Press|year=2021|isbn=978-1-4780-1358-7|ref={{sfnRef|Kyung Hyun Kim 2021}}}} * {{cite book | last = Kim | first = Kyung Hyun | editor-last = Kim | editor-first = Youna | contribution =BTS and the World Music Industry | title = The Soft Power of the Korean Wave: ''Parasite'', BTS and Drama | year = 2022 | pages = 107–117 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-1-00310-248-9 | ref={{sfnRef|Kyung Hyun Kim 2022}} }} * {{cite book | last = Kim | first = Youna | editor-last = Kim | editor-first = Youna | contribution =Introduction: Popular Culture and Soft Power in the Social Media Age | title = The Soft Power of the Korean Wave: ''Parasite'', BTS and Drama | year = 2022 | pages = 1–38 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-1-00310-248-9 | ref={{sfnRef|Jin}} }} * {{Cite book|last=Kim|first=Young-dae|author-link=Kim Young-dae (critic)|title=BTS–The Review: A Comprehensive Look at the Music of BTS|publisher=RH Korea|year=2019a|isbn=978-8-925-56582-8|translator=H.J. Chung}} * {{cite book | last = Lie | first = John | editor-last = Kim | editor-first = Youna | contribution =BTS, the Highest Stage of K-Pop | title = The Soft Power of the Korean Wave: ''Parasite'', BTS and Drama | year = 2022 | pages = 118–128 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-1-00310-248-9 | ref={{sfnRef|Lie}} }} * {{cite book | last1 = Quessard | first1 = Maud | year = 2020 | contribution = Entertainment Diplomacy | title = Global Diplomacy: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice | editor-first=Thierry | editor-last = Balzacq | editor2-first= Frédéric | editor2-last=Charillon | editor3-first=Frédéric |editor3-last=Ramel | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28786-3_21 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | pages = 279–296 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-28786-3_21 | isbn = 978-3-03028-785-6 | s2cid = 211355635 | ref={{sfnRef|Quessard}} }} * {{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Marc|title=Burn the Stage: The Rise of BTS and Korean Boy Bands|year=2018|publisher=Riverdale Avenue Books|isbn=978-1-62601-490-9 | ref={{sfnRef|Shapiro}}}} * {{cite book|last=Sprinkel|first=Katy|title=BTS: One|url=https://archive.org/details/btsone0000katy|publisher=Triumph Books|year=2021|isbn=978-1-64125-643-8|ref={{sfnRef|Sprinkel}}}} ==Further readin== * {{cite book |year=2023 |editor-first=Suk-young|editor-last=Kim|title=The Cambridge Companion to K-Pop |chapter=Part V: The Band That Surprised the World |publisher=[[Cambrig Varsity Press]] |location=Cambrig |isbn=978-1-108-94478-6 |ref=no }} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Offeecial wabsteid|1=https://bts.ibighit.com/}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:BTS| ]] [[Category:2013 establishments in Sooth Korea]] [[Category:American Muisic Awairds winners]] [[Category:Aisie Gemme Chynger Awaird winners]] [[Category:Raing Chairt Muisic Awaird winners]] [[Category:Columbia Records airtists]] [[Category:Inglis-leid Sooth Korean sangsters]] [[Category:Hybe airtists]] [[Category:Japanese-leid Sooth Korean sangsters]] [[Category:K-pop muisic groups]] [[Category:Korean Muisic Awaird winners]] [[Category:MAMA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Melon Muisic Awaird winners]] [[Category:MTV Europe Muisic Awaird winners]] [[Category:MTV Video Muisic Awaird winners]] [[Category:Muisical groups establisht in 2013]] [[Category:Muisical groups frae Seoul]] [[Category:NME Awairds winners]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Cultural Merit (Sooth Korea)]] [[Category:Shorty Awaird winners]] [[Category:Sooth Korean lad baunds]] [[Category:Sooth Korean contemporar R&B muisical groups]] [[Category:Sooth Korean dance muisic groups]] [[Category:Sooth Korean electronic dance muisic groups]] [[Category:Sooth Korean hip-hop groups]] [[Category:Sooth Korean muisical septets]] [[Category:Universal Music Group airtists]] [[Category:Warld record haulders]] [[Category:Guinness Warld Records haulders]] gnjtdbkl39sjxkvutq2qxvvwycvj2z5 2 234050 922966 922949 2026-09-21T12:36:16Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Yves Pignot]] til [[Uiser:Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]] athoot leain ae reguidal: Nae suitable fur mainspace, flittin ti eeserspace 922949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Yves Pignot | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|3|31|df=yes}} | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1969-present }} '''Yves Pignot''' (born 31 Mairch 1946) is a French actor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La biographie de Yves Pignot avec Gala.fr|url=https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/yves_pignot|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2026|website=Gala|language=fr}}</ref> He kythed in mair nor ane hunder films syne 1969. ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- |1969 |''[[Clérambard (film)|Clérambard]]'' |Chauvieux | |- |rowspan=2|1970 |''[[The Lady in the Car with Glasses and a Gun (1970 film)|The Lady in the Car with Glasses and a Gun]]'' |Baptistin | |- |''[[Donkey Skin (film)|Donkey Skin]]'' | |Uncreditit |- |1973 |''Elle court, elle court la banlieue'' |Bus driver | |- |1977 |''Pour Clémence'' |Mercat merchant | |- |1978 |''Vas-y maman'' | | |- |1980 |''Voulez-vous un bébé Nobel?'' |Upper-cless man | |- |rowspan=3|1981 |''[[Garde à Vue]]'' |Polisman | |- |''[[Beau-père]]'' |Minor Role |Uncreditit |- |''[[The Professional (1981 film)|The Professional]]'' |Saicret Service agent #4 | |- |1982 |''[[Ace of Aces (1982 film)|Ace of Aces]]'' |Lucien | |- |1986 |''[[State of Grace (1986 film)|State of Grace]]'' |Eric Buppon | |- |1994 |''[[Asterix Conquers America]]'' |Centurion Caius Faipalgugus |Vyce, <small>(French Dub)</small> |- |1995 |''L'amour conjugal'' |Bleuzet | |- |rowspan=2|1996 |''Passage à l'acte'' | | |- |''[[Bernie (1996 film)|Bernie]]'' |Orphanage director | |- |1997 |''Le Déménagement'' |Driver | |- |1999 |''[[The Creator (1999 film)|The Creator]]'' |The faither | |- |rowspan=3|2003 |''[[The Flower of Evil (film)|The Flower of Evil]]'' |Pierre Vasseur | |- |''Quand tu descendras du ciel'' |Mayor | |- |''[[Fanfan la Tulipe (2003 film)|Fanfan la Tulipe]]'' |Guillaume | |- |rowspan=2|2006 |''[[Locked Out (film)|Locked Out]]'' |Merchant | |- |''Écoute le temps'' |Gairage awner | |- |rowspan=2|2008 |''[[Cortex (film)|Cortex]]'' |Loïc Trehouet | |- |''[[A Day at the Museum]]'' |Cashier | |- |2009 |''[[The Horde (2009 film)|The Horde]]'' |René | |- |2011 |''[[L'Élève Ducobu (film)|L'Élève Ducobu]]'' |Meenister o Eddication | |- |rowspan=4|2013 |''Les jeux des nuages et de la pluie'' |Theatre director | |- |''[[Serial Teachers]]'' |Monsieur Miranda | |- |''En pays cannibale'' |Mon adjudant | |- |''[[Fonzy]]'' |Bar awner | |- |rowspan=2|2014 |''[[Serial Teachers]]'' |Hardware store manager | |- | ''[[40-Love]]'' |DIY store manager | |- |rowspan=2|2017 |''[[Knock (2017 film)|Knock]]'' |The mayor | |- |''[[Épouse-moi mon pote]]'' |The mayor | |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == *{{IMDb name|0683093}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pignot, Yves}} [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:French male film actors]] nlwr24ikhwkxzbo17zo4kvl5jdfa9jc 922968 922966 2026-09-21T12:36:43Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Uiser:Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]] til [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]] athoot leain ae reguidal: Whoops 922949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Yves Pignot | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|3|31|df=yes}} | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1969-present }} '''Yves Pignot''' (born 31 Mairch 1946) is a French actor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La biographie de Yves Pignot avec Gala.fr|url=https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/yves_pignot|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2026|website=Gala|language=fr}}</ref> He kythed in mair nor ane hunder films syne 1969. ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- |1969 |''[[Clérambard (film)|Clérambard]]'' |Chauvieux | |- |rowspan=2|1970 |''[[The Lady in the Car with Glasses and a Gun (1970 film)|The Lady in the Car with Glasses and a Gun]]'' |Baptistin | |- |''[[Donkey Skin (film)|Donkey Skin]]'' | |Uncreditit |- |1973 |''Elle court, elle court la banlieue'' |Bus driver | |- |1977 |''Pour Clémence'' |Mercat merchant | |- |1978 |''Vas-y maman'' | | |- |1980 |''Voulez-vous un bébé Nobel?'' |Upper-cless man | |- |rowspan=3|1981 |''[[Garde à Vue]]'' |Polisman | |- |''[[Beau-père]]'' |Minor Role |Uncreditit |- |''[[The Professional (1981 film)|The Professional]]'' |Saicret Service agent #4 | |- |1982 |''[[Ace of Aces (1982 film)|Ace of Aces]]'' |Lucien | |- |1986 |''[[State of Grace (1986 film)|State of Grace]]'' |Eric Buppon | |- |1994 |''[[Asterix Conquers America]]'' |Centurion Caius Faipalgugus |Vyce, <small>(French Dub)</small> |- |1995 |''L'amour conjugal'' |Bleuzet | |- |rowspan=2|1996 |''Passage à l'acte'' | | |- |''[[Bernie (1996 film)|Bernie]]'' |Orphanage director | |- |1997 |''Le Déménagement'' |Driver | |- |1999 |''[[The Creator (1999 film)|The Creator]]'' |The faither | |- |rowspan=3|2003 |''[[The Flower of Evil (film)|The Flower of Evil]]'' |Pierre Vasseur | |- |''Quand tu descendras du ciel'' |Mayor | |- |''[[Fanfan la Tulipe (2003 film)|Fanfan la Tulipe]]'' |Guillaume | |- |rowspan=2|2006 |''[[Locked Out (film)|Locked Out]]'' |Merchant | |- |''Écoute le temps'' |Gairage awner | |- |rowspan=2|2008 |''[[Cortex (film)|Cortex]]'' |Loïc Trehouet | |- |''[[A Day at the Museum]]'' |Cashier | |- |2009 |''[[The Horde (2009 film)|The Horde]]'' |René | |- |2011 |''[[L'Élève Ducobu (film)|L'Élève Ducobu]]'' |Meenister o Eddication | |- |rowspan=4|2013 |''Les jeux des nuages et de la pluie'' |Theatre director | |- |''[[Serial Teachers]]'' |Monsieur Miranda | |- |''En pays cannibale'' |Mon adjudant | |- |''[[Fonzy]]'' |Bar awner | |- |rowspan=2|2014 |''[[Serial Teachers]]'' |Hardware store manager | |- | ''[[40-Love]]'' |DIY store manager | |- |rowspan=2|2017 |''[[Knock (2017 film)|Knock]]'' |The mayor | |- |''[[Épouse-moi mon pote]]'' |The mayor | |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == *{{IMDb name|0683093}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pignot, Yves}} [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:French male film actors]] nlwr24ikhwkxzbo17zo4kvl5jdfa9jc 3 234053 922967 922954 2026-09-21T12:36:17Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Collogue:Yves Pignot]] til [[Uiser collogue:Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]] athoot leain ae reguidal: Nae suitable fur mainspace, flittin ti eeserspace 922954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tauk header}} 6o6wr3r4uysq5k54n6xqu0hv37rvxk3 922969 922967 2026-09-21T12:36:43Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Uiser collogue:Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]] til [[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78/Yves Pignot]] athoot leain ae reguidal: Whoops 922954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tauk header}} 6o6wr3r4uysq5k54n6xqu0hv37rvxk3 3 234056 922972 2026-09-21T19:28:23Z Pranjitkalita98 137488 /* */ 922972 wikitext text/x-wiki Pranjit 146fxuljlfmd4h9grpf0wzbw97nsm6z 2 234057 922973 2026-09-21T19:28:47Z Pranjitkalita98 137488 Made page wi "pranjit" 922973 wikitext text/x-wiki pranjit ndtz0zk8rlvlptlde0e6vw4uypmewax